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He HL, Liu YX, Liu H, Zhang X, Song H, Xu TZ, Fang Y, Ma Y, Ren HY, Ling SG, Dong Z, Xu J, Qin L, Wong TY, Ang M, Jin ZB. Deep Learning-Enabled Vasculometry Depicts Phased Lesion Patterns in High Myopia Progression. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024:100086. [PMID: 39053733 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential phases in myopic retinal vascular alterations for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the progression of high myopia (HM). METHODS For this retrospective study, participants diagnosed with high myopia at Beijing Tongren Hospital were recruited. Based on bionic mechanisms of human vision, an intelligent image processing model was developed and utilized to extract and quantify the morphological characteristics of retinal vasculatures in different regions measured by papilla-diameter (PD), including vascular caliber, arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR), tortuosity, the angle of the vascular arch (AVA), the distance of the vascular arch (DVA), density, fractal dimension, and venular length. In addition, the optic disc and the area of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) were also quantified. The characteristics of the overall population, as well as patients aged less than 25 years old, were compared by different genders. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the correlation of retinal vasculature parameters with PPA width, and detailed trends of the vascular indicators were analyzed to explore the potential existence of staged morphological changes. FINDINGS The study included 14,066 fundus photographs of 5775 patients (aged 41.2 ± 18.6 years), of whom 7379 (61.2 %) were female. The study included 12,067 fundus photographs of 5320 patients (aged 41.2 ± 18.6 years). Significant variations in the morphological parameters of retinal vessels were observed between males and females. After adjusting for age and sex, multiple linear regression analysis showed that an increased PPA width ratio was associated with lower AVA (1PD), DVA (1PD), vascular caliber (0.5-1.0 PD), tortuosity (0.5-1.0 PD), density and fractal dimension (all P < 0.001, Spearman's ρ < 0). Overall, the changes in retinal vascular morphology showed two phases: tortuosity (0.5-1.0PD) and AVA (1PD) decreased rapidly in the first stage but significantly more slowly in the second stage, while vascular density and fractal dimension showed a completely opposite trend with an initial slow decline followed by a rapid decrease. CONCLUSIONS This study identified two distinct phases of retinal vascular morphological changes during the progression of HM. Traction lesions were predominant in the initial stage, while atrophic lesions were predominant in the later stage. These findings provide further insight into the development mechanism of HM from the perspective of retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long He
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Xin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tian-Ze Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao-Ying Ren
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Sai-Guang Ling
- EVision technology (Beijing) co. LTD, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhou Dong
- EVision technology (Beijing) co. LTD, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Statistics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China; Dong Fureng Institute of Economic and Social Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
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Kozak M, Poredoš P, Blinc A, Ježovnik MK, Poredoš P. Peripheral arterial disease in women. VASA 2024. [PMID: 39017660 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represents one of the most frequent manifestations of atherosclerosis in men and women. In both sexes, PAD is related to classical risk factors of atherosclerosis, which are similarly distributed, but some additional factors determine differences between men and women. More frequent asymptomatic disease in women than in men and less frequent screening in women may result in a false underestimation of the prevalence of PAD in women. All these factors may cause delayed diagnosis and treatment of PAD in women. Estrogen hormones have vasoprotective properties that lower the prevalence of atherosclerosis in women of younger age. However, estrogen probably does not have a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease in women of an older age. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of less than one year does not appear to reduce the odds of developing PAD in postmenopausal women. It may even increase the risk of morbidity from vascular interventions. However, some studies indicated that HRT for more than one year significantly decreases the risk of PAD if administered early after the last menstruation. Also, treatment of PAD in women differs to some extent from men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Kozak
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Poredoš
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Blinc
- Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Kaja Ježovnik
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Peter Poredoš
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Temkin SM, Clayton JA. Inclusion of Sex and Gender to Improve the State of the Science in Women's Health. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01149. [PMID: 38954641 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The influence of sex and gender-related factors on health and disease at all levels of scale, across all health conditions, and throughout the entire life course is increasingly clear. A series of policies instituted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that require researchers to include appropriate populations and to analyze the data accordingly have strengthened the evidence base around the health of women. Translating these advances to the entire research ecosystem can catalyze rigorous biomedical discovery that can improve health. We encourage journals, publishers, and funders to align their policies and expectations regarding sex and gender considerations in research with those of the NIH and other international funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Temkin
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Torres Ruiz I, Ooi XY, Harry L, Koksoy C, Pallister ZS, Gilani R, Mills JL, Bailey CJ, Chung J. Multilevel thrombotic or embolic burden and its role in sex-related outcomes in acute limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2024:S0741-5214(24)01251-5. [PMID: 38871066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of sex upon outcomes in acute limb ischemia (ALI) remains disputed. We aim to quantify the effect of sex upon amputation-free survival (AFS) after a percutaneous-first approach for ALI. METHODS This was a two-center retrospective review of ALI managed via a percutaneous-first approach. Demographics, comorbidities, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to estimate AFS, limb salvage, and overall survival. RESULTS Over 9 years, 170 patients (n = 87, 51% males; median age, 67 [interquartile range (IQR), 59-77 years) presented with ALI. Rutherford classification was I in 56 (33%); IIa in 85 (50%); IIb in 20 (12%), and III in 9 (5%). Thirty-day mortality, major amputation rate, and fasciotomy rates were 8% (n = 13); 6.5% (n = 11), and 4.7% (n = 8), respectively. Among revascularized limbs, 92% were patent at 30 days. Length of stay was 7 days (IQR, 3-11 days). Complications included 13 bleeding episodes (8%), four cases of atrial fibrillation (2%), and three re-thrombosis/clot extension events (1.7%). No differences were noted in complication rates when stratified by sex. Females were older than males (median age, 70 [IQR, 62-79] vs 65 [IQR, 56-76 years]; P = .02) and more likely to present with atrial fibrillation (20.5% vs 8%; P = .02) and hyperlipidemia (72% vs 57%; P = .04). Females also more frequently presented with multi-level thrombotic/embolic burden compared with males (56% vs 43%; P = .03) and required both aspiration thrombectomy and thrombolysis (27% vs 14%; P = .02). Kaplan-Meier estimated median AFS, limb salvage, and overall survival were 425 days (IQR, 140-824 days); 314 days (IQR, 72-727 days); and 342 days (IQR, 112-762 days). When stratified by sex, females had worse survival (median, 270 days [IQR, 92-636 days] vs 406 days [IQR, 140-937 days]; P = .005) and limb salvage (median, 241 days [IQR, 88-636 days] vs 363 days [IQR, 49-822 days]; P = .04) compared with males. Univariate Cox regression showed female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.05; P = .03), multi-level thrombotic/embolic burden (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.17-2.31; P = .004), and Rutherford class (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.73; P = .009) predicted major amputation/death. By multivariable Cox regression, multi-level thrombotic/embolic burden (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.17; P = .01), Rutherford class (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.69; P = .01), and female sex (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.05; P = .03) were each independently predictive of major amputation/death. CONCLUSIONS A percutaneous-first strategy is safe and efficacious in the overall ALI population. Similar to prior works, female vs male patients with ALI in our cohort have higher rates of mortality and major amputation. In our multivariable model, multi-level thrombotic/embolic burden was independently associated with a greater than 45% increased hazard of major amputation/death at last follow-up. Further prospective analysis is warranted to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the higher prevalence of multi-level thrombotic/embolic burden in female patients with ALI, and to further define the optimal percutaneous-first approach for ALI in consideration of patient sex and extent of clot burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Torres Ruiz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xin Yee Ooi
- Baylor College of Medicine - School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren Harry
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Cuneyt Koksoy
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zachary S Pallister
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ramyar Gilani
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph L Mills
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Charles J Bailey
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Jayer Chung
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Kocabas S, Sanlier N. The power of berries against cardiovascular diseases. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:963-977. [PMID: 37695292 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health and incidence is increasing gradually. Nutrition has an important impact on the prophylaxis and progression of CVD. In this article, general attention is drawn to the possible positive effects of berries on CVD. Polyphenols have beneficial effects on the vascular system by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein oxidation and platelet aggregation, lowering blood pressure, improving endothelial dysfunction, and attenuating antioxidant defense and inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of the effects of berries for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Berries contain several cardioprotective antioxidants, vitamins, and numerous phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, that have antioxidant properties and antiplatelet activity. Phytochemical compounds in their structures can modulate dissimilar signaling pathways related to cell survival, differentiation, and growth. Important health benefits of berries include their antioxidant roles and anti-inflammatory impacts on vascular function. The effectiveness and potential of polyphenols primarily depend on the amount of bioavailability and intake. Although circulating berry metabolites can improve vascular function, their biological activities, mechanisms of action, and in vivo interactions are still unknown. Analyzing human studies or experimental studies to evaluate the bioactivity of metabolites individually and together is essential to understanding the mechanisms by which these metabolites affect vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Kocabas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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Streb AR, Benedet J, Dutra RP, Corrêa LQ, Del Duca GF. Effect of Combined Physical Exercise Training in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Among Adults with Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:377-389. [PMID: 38393547 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is necessary to understand the relationship between different models of exercise periodization and the reduction of cardiovascular risk in adults with obesity. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of two periodization models of combined training on the cardiovascular risk of adults with obesity of both sexes. A randomized clinical trial was conducted with adults of both sexes with obesity. They were divided into three groups: control group (CG), non-periodized combined training group (NG), and combined training group with linear periodization (PG). The NG and PG groups underwent physical exercise training regimen for 16 weeks, in three weekly sessions of 60 min each, with the volume and intensity equalized. Cardiovascular risk was measured by the overall Framingham risk score (FRS). Generalized estimation equations and individual responsiveness analyses were used, stratified by sex. A statistically significant reduction in FRS was observed only in men of the NG (pre: 2.50 ± 0.56; post: 0.50 ± 1.02; p-value = 0.001). There was no statistically significant intervention effect on the women's cardiovascular risk. It was found that, regardless of sex, subjects in the control group mostly presented results of increased cardiovascular risk. In contrast, those belonging to the exercise groups, if not reduced, at least stabilized the chances of suffering a cardiovascular event in the next ten years after 16 weeks of combined training. Sixteen weeks of non-periodized combined training were sufficient to reduce cardiovascular risk in men with obesity. Both periodization models were important to stabilize the risk of developing a cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brasil.
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brasil
- Department of Physical Education - DEF, Sports Center - CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brasil
| | - Rinelly Pazinato Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Research Group on Physical Activity and Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-190, Brasil
| | - Leandro Quadro Corrêa
- Physical Education Course, Research Group on Physical Activity and Public Health, Institute of Education, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, s/n - km Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Department of Physical Education - DEF, Sports Center - CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brasil
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Keshmiri S, Tomonaga S, Mizutani H, Doya K. Respiratory modulation of the heart rate: A potential biomarker of cardiorespiratory function in human. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108335. [PMID: 38564855 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent decade, wearable digital devices have shown potentials for the discovery of novel biomarkers of humans' physiology and behavior. Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) are most crucial bio-signals in humans' digital phenotyping research. HR is a continuous and non-invasive proxy to autonomic nervous system and ample evidence pinpoints the critical role of respiratory modulation of cardiac function. In the present study, we recorded longitudinal (7 days, 4.63 ± 1.52) HR and RR of 89 freely behaving human subjects (Female: 39, age 57.28 ± 5.67, Male: 50, age 58.48 ± 6.32) and analyzed their dynamics using linear models and information theoretic measures. While HR's linear and nonlinear characteristics were expressed within the plane of the HR-RR directed flow of information (HR→RR - RR→HR), their dynamics were determined by its RR→HR axis. More importantly, RR→HR quantified the effect of alcohol consumption on individuals' cardiorespiratory function independent of their consumed amount of alcohol, thereby signifying the presence of this habit in their daily life activities. The present findings provided evidence for the critical role of the respiratory modulation of HR, which was previously only studied in non-human animals. These results can contribute to humans' phenotyping research by presenting RR→HR as a digital diagnosis/prognosis marker of humans' cardiorespiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Sutashu Tomonaga
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Haruo Mizutani
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SGIC), Suntory, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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Qiu Y, Hou Y, Wei X, Wang M, Yin Z, Xie M, Duan A, Ma C, Si K, Wang Z. Causal association between gut microbiomes and different types of aneurysms: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1267888. [PMID: 38659992 PMCID: PMC11039950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1267888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggests that gut microbiomes are associated with the formation and progression of aneurysms. However, the causal association between them remains unclear. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted to investigate whether gut microbiomes have a causal effect on the risk of intracerebral aneurysm (IA), thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and aortic aneurysm (AA). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) smaller than the locus-wide significance level (1 × 10-5) were selected as instrumental variables. We used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) test as the primary method for the evaluation of causal association. MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods were conducted for sensitive analysis. The p-value was adjusted by the false discovery rate (FDR) which adjust the results of multiple comparisons, a p < 0.05 and q < 0.1 was considered a significant causal association. Additionally, a p < 0.05 and q > 0.1 was considered a suggestive causal effect. Additionally, reverse MR was also performed to exclude the possibility of reverse causality. Results The phylum Firmicutes (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.81), class Lentisphaeria (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89), and order Victivallales (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89) have a causal protective effect on the risk of AAA. Additionally, class Verrucomicrobia, class Deltaproteobacteria, order Verrucomicrobiale, family Verrucomicrobiacea, genus Eubacterium rectale group, genus Akkermansia, and genus Clostridium innocuum group were negatively associated with the risk of different types of aneurysms, whereas class Negativicutes, order Selenomonadales, and genus Roseburia had positive causal association with different types of aneurysms (p < 0.05; q > 0.1). Further sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of our MR results, and no reverse causality was found with these gut microbiomes (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our MR analysis confirmed the causal association of specific gut microbiomes with AAA, and these microbiomes were considered as protective factors. Our result may provide novel insights and theoretical basis for the prevention of aneurysms through regulation of gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingzhou Wei
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjia Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aojie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lu Y, Jia Y, Lu J, Liu J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen K. Progenies of gestational diabetes mellitus exhibit sex disparity in metabolism after respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin in dams during pregnancy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:183-195. [PMID: 34689672 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1991957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the sex-dependent intergenerational effects of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism in the offspring born to GDM mice. METHODS The murine GDM was induced by high fat diet. The offspring were grouped based on the treatments in maternal mice. ITT and GTT were performed at 4th and 8th weeks of age, respectively. Serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C plus hepatic levels of TG and TC, were respectively determined by enzymatic kits. Western blotting was conducted to detect related proteins in the livers from offspring. RESULTS The dyslipidaemia, hepatic lipid abnormality, and insulin insensitivity caused by GDM were persistently normalised in male adult offspring by the respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin during maternal pregnancy. Specifically, the decreases in plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C levels (29%, 37.8%, and 57.7%, respectively, p ˂ .05) and in hepatic lipid contents (TC 31.3% and TG 39.2%, p ˂ .05), the increases in hepatic phosphorylation levels of AKT, CPT1A, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ (57.1%, 91.7%, 68%, and 173.3%, respectively, p ˂ .05) and the inhibition of G6Pase, PEPCK, and HMGCS1 (35.7%, 68.8%, and 77.3% respectively, p ˂ .05) were still observed in the male offspring born to treated GDM mice from 4th to 8th week of age. Unexpectedly, the aforementioned parameters in female progenies in different groups were not significantly changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Respective treatments in GDM mice during pregnancy with insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin have the long-term persistent effects in male offspring, while female progenies born to untreated dams showed an autonomous inhibition of intergenerational relay of glucose and lipid dysregulation. Our current findings may imply a sex-dependent strategy of medical care for GDM mothers and their offspring.NoveltiesRespective interventions of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin on dams exerted the persisted effects on male progenies.Therapies of three drugs on dams had the similarly improved effects in offspring.Female offspring autonomously corrected their dysregulated glucose-lipid metabolism caused by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yajing Jia
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- AIER Hefei Eye Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Gao P, Zhu J, Xiangyun G, Li J, Wu J. GPR97 deficiency suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hypertensive nephropathy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23479. [PMID: 38345813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that renal fibrosis plays a key role in the development of hypertensive nephropathy (HTN). Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of renal fibrosis regulation in HTN would be critical for designing rational strategies for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we revealed that GPR97, a novel identified adhesion G coupled receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is the crucial driver of renal fibrosis in HTN. First, we identified that the expression of GPR97 correlated with the β-catenin expression in renal biopsy from patients with HTN. Moreover, we found that GPR97 deficiency inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mice with HTN, as evidenced by the reduction of β-catenin expression and downstream target proteins, including MMP7 and Fibronectin. Mechanistically, we found that GPR97 could directly bind with Wnt1 in cultured tubular cells and TGF-β1 treatment enhanced the binding ability of GPR97 and Wnt1. In addition, the gene silencing of GPR97 could decrease the Wnt1-induced fibrotic phenotype of tubular cells and inflammatory responses, suggesting that the binding of GPR97 and Wnt1 promoted Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Collectively, our studies reveal that GPR97 is a regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HTN, and targeting GPR97 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HTN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Xiangyun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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11
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Niazi E, Dumanski SM. Change of HeART: Cardiovascular Implications of Assisted Reproductive Technology. CJC Open 2024; 6:142-152. [PMID: 38487072 PMCID: PMC10935705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in women, and it may manifest differently than in men, in part related to sex-specific CV risk factors. In females, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are commonly used to treat infertility, and they utilize controlled ovarian stimulation involving the administration of exogenous sex hormones. ARTs, and especially controlled ovarian stimulation, have been associated with an increased pregnancy and short-term CV risk, although the long-term CV implications of these treatments in individuals treated with ARTs and their offspring remain unclear. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive examination of what is known about the relationship between ART and CV outcomes for females treated with ARTs, as well as their offspring, and recommendations for future research. Novel insights into female-specific CV risk factors are critical to reduce the disproportionate burden of CV disease in Canadian women. ART has revolutionized reproductive medicine, offering hope to millions of individuals with infertility worldwide, and a further understanding of the CV implications of this important sex-specific CV risk factor is warranted urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaha Niazi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra M. Dumanski
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Wang X, Zhao M, Lu X, Du P, Feng S, Gong R, Chen H, Qi G, Yang F. HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23342. [PMID: 38038724 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300812r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a universally expressed RNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in governing the fate of mRNA transcripts. Accumulating evidence indicated that HuR is involved in the development and functions of several cell types. However, its role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we found that HuR was significantly upregulated after CIRI. Moreover, we found that silencing HuR could inhibit the inflammatory response of microglia and reduce the damage to neurons caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion treatment. In vivo, we found that microglial HuR deficiency significantly ameliorated CIRI and reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we found that HuR could regulate NLRP3 mRNA stability by binding to the AU-rich element (ARE) region within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of NLRP3 mRNA. In addition, we found that the upregulation of HuR was dependent on the upregulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS accumulation. Collectively, our studies revealed that HuR could regulate NLRP3 expression and that HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke. Targeting HuR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiulian Lu
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, China
| | - Pengchao Du
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaobin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruo Gong
- Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoliang Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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13
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Moreau KL, Clayton ZS, DuBose LE, Rosenberry R, Seals DR. Effects of regular exercise on vascular function with aging: Does sex matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H123-H137. [PMID: 37921669 PMCID: PMC11208002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging, featuring endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, is a major risk factor for the development of age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vascular aging is largely mediated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased inflammation leading to reduced bioavailability of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide and remodeling of the arterial wall. Other cellular mechanisms (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired stress response, deregulated nutrient sensing, cellular senescence), termed "hallmarks" or "pillars" of aging, may also contribute to vascular aging. Gonadal aging, which largely impacts women but also impacts some men, modulates the vascular aging process. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic and resistance exercise, is a first-line strategy for reducing CVD risk with aging. Although exercise is an effective intervention to counter vascular aging, there is considerable variation in the vascular response to exercise training with aging. Aerobic exercise improves large elastic artery stiffening in both middle-aged/older men and women and enhances endothelial function in middle-aged/older men by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and preserving nitric oxide bioavailability; however, similar aerobic exercise training improvements are not consistently observed in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Sex differences in adaptations to exercise may be related to gonadal aging and declines in estrogen in women that influence cellular-molecular mechanisms, disconnecting favorable signaling in the vasculature induced by exercise training. The present review will summarize the current state of knowledge on vascular adaptations to regular aerobic and resistance exercise with aging, the underlying mechanisms involved, and the moderating role of biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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14
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Raman-Nair J, Cron G, MacLeod K, Lacoste B. Sex-Specific Acute Cerebrovascular Responses to Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0400-22.2023. [PMID: 38164600 PMCID: PMC10849032 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0400-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular stroke outcomes are poorly understood, and the effects of biological sex on cerebrovascular regulation post-stroke have yet to be fully comprehended. Here, we explore the overlapping roles of gonadal sex hormones and rho-kinase (ROCK), two important modulators of cerebrovascular tone, on the acute cerebrovascular response to photothrombotic (PT) focal ischemia in mice. Male mice were gonadectomized and female mice were ovariectomized to remove gonadal hormones, whereas control ("intact") animals received a sham surgery prior to stroke induction. Intact wild-type (WT) males showed a delayed drop in cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared with intact WT females, whereby maximal CBF drop was observed 48 h following stroke. Gonadectomy in males did not alter this response. However, ovariectomy in WT females produced a "male-like" phenotype. Intact Rock2+/- males also showed the same phenotypic response, which was not altered by gonadectomy. Alternatively, intact Rock2+/- females showed a significant difference in CBF values compared with intact WT females, displaying higher CBF values immediately post-stroke and showing a maximal CBF drop 48 h post-stroke. This pattern was not altered by ovariectomy. Altogether, these data illustrate sex differences in acute CBF responses to PT stroke, which seem to involve gonadal female sex hormones and ROCK2. Overall, this study provides a framework for exploring sex differences in acute CBF responses to focal ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gregory Cron
- Neurology Department, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California
| | - Kathleen MacLeod
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Colombia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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15
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Zamirpour S, Boskovski MT, Pirruccello JP, Pace WA, Hubbard AE, Leach JR, Ge L, Tseng EE. Sex differences in ascending aortic size reporting and growth on chest computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Imaging 2024; 105:110021. [PMID: 37992628 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diameter-based guidelines for prophylactic repair of ascending aortic aneurysms have led to routine aortic evaluation in chest imaging. Despite sex differences in aneurysm outcomes, there is little understanding of sex-specific aortic growth rates. Our objective was to evaluate sex-specific temporal changes in radiologist-reported aortic size as well as sex differences in aortic reporting. METHOD In this cohort study, we queried radiology reports of chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at an academic medical center from 1994 to 2022, excluding type A dissection. Aortic diameter was extracted using a custom text-processing algorithm. Growth rates were estimated using mixed-effects modeling with fixed terms for sex, age, and imaging modality, and patient-level random intercepts. Sex, age, and modality were evaluated as predictors of aortic reporting by logistic regression. RESULTS This study included 89,863 scans among 46,622 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 64 [52-73]; 22,437 women [48%]). Aortic diameter was recorded in 14% (12,722/89,863 reports). Temporal trends were analyzed in 7194 scans among 1998 patients (age, 68 [60-75]; 677 women [34%]) with ≥2 scans. Aortic growth rate was significantly higher in women (0.22 mm/year [95% confidence interval 0.17-0.28] vs. 0.09 mm/year [0.06-0.13], respectively). Aortic reporting was significantly less common in women (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.52-0.56; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While aortic growth rates were small overall, women had over twice the growth rate of men. Aortic dimensions were much less frequently reported in women than men. Sex-specific standardized assessment of aortic measurements may be needed to address sex differences in aneurysm outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Zamirpour
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marko T Boskovski
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James P Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - William A Pace
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan E Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, USA
| | - Joseph R Leach
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liang Ge
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine E Tseng
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Chen Y, Du J, Zhou N, Song Y, Wang W, Hong X. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and their determinants: results from a population-based survey of 60 283 residents in eastern China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075860. [PMID: 38128931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and its associated factors in eastern China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. PARTICIPANTS This study included 60 283 participants aged ≥18 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was defined as self-reported history of dyslipidaemia and/or the use of lipid-lowering medication, and/or meeting at least one of the following during on-site investigation: total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L, triglyceride ≥2.3 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.1 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L. Dyslipidaemia awareness was defined as the proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia who explicitly indicate their awareness of having a diagnosis of dyslipidaemia. Treatment was based on medication use among individuals with dyslipidaemia. Control was defined as having dyslipidaemia, receiving treatment and achieving serum lipid control to the standard level. ANALYSIS Complex weighting was used to calculate weighted prevalence. A two-level logistic regression model determined the influencing factors for dyslipidaemia prevalence, awareness, treatment and control. RESULTS The crude prevalence rate of dyslipidaemia was 28.4% (17 093 of 60 283). Among 17 093 patients with dyslipidaemia, the crude rates of awareness, treatment and control were 40.0% (n=6830), 27.5% (n=4695) and 21.9% (n=3736), respectively. The corresponding weighted prevalence rates were 29.8%, 41.6%, 28.9% and 22.9%. Older age (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.23), urban residence (1.24, 1.19 to 1.31), higher education level (1.31, 1.21 to 1.42), current smoking (1.22, 1.15 to 1.29), alcohol consumption (1.20, 1.14 to 1.26), obesity (2.13, 1.99 to 2.29), history of hypertension (1.64, 1.56 to 1.71) and diabetes (1.92, 1.80 to 2.04) were identified as independent risk factors for dyslipidaemia (all p<0.001). Participants who were older, female, living in urban areas, had higher education levels, did not smoke or drink alcohol, had central obesity, had hypertension or had diabetes were more likely to be aware of their dyslipidaemia conditions, receive treatment and achieve serum lipid control to a standard level than their comparators (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dyslipidaemia is relatively high in eastern China; however, awareness, treatment and control levels are relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Chen
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqian Song
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Rabah HM, Mohamed DA, Mariah RA, Abd El-Khalik SR, Khattab HA, AbuoHashish NA, Abdelsattar AM, Raslan MA, Farghal EE, Eltokhy AK. Novel insights into the synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles and metformin treatment of letrozole - induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: targeting PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, redox status and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian tissue. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2160569. [PMID: 36661246 PMCID: PMC9870018 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2160569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a series of reproductive and metabolic consequences. Although the link between PCOS, IR, and obesity, their impact on the pathogenesis of PCOS has yet to be determined. Dysfunction of PI3K/AKT pathway has been reported as the main cause of IR in PCOS. This study purposed to explore the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) alone and combined with metformin (MET) in a PCOS-IR rat model. METHODS After 3 weeks of treatment with SeNPs and/or MET, biochemical analysis of glycemic & lipid profiles, and serum reproductive hormones was performed. Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction markers were determined colormetrically. The expression of PI3K and Akt genes were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 expression were performed. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with SeNPs and/or MET significantly attenuated insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, sex hormones levels, inflammatory, oxidative stress and mitochondrial functions markers. Additionally, PI3K and Akt genes expression were significantly upregulated with improved ovarian histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Combined SeNPs and MET therapy could be potential therapeutic agent for PCOS-IR model via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and altered mitochondrial functions. HighlightsThe strong relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.Disturbance of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome-insulin resistance (PCOS-IR).In PCOS-IR rats, combined SeNPs and metformin therapy considerably alleviated IR by acting on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.The combination of SeNPs and metformin clearly repaired ovarian polycystic pathogenesis and improved hormonal imbalance in PCOS-IR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanem M. Rabah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Darin A. Mohamed
- Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mariah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Haidy A. Khattab
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed A. Raslan
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman E. Farghal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amira K. Eltokhy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Amira K. Eltokhy ; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, Egypt
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18
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Connelly PJ, Osmanska J, Lee MMY, Delles C, McEntegart MB, Byrne J. A case report of myocardial infarction in a young transgender man with testosterone therapy: raising awareness on healthcare issues in the transgender community and a call for further research. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad562. [PMID: 38093823 PMCID: PMC10716680 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background People who are transgender may utilize masculinizing or feminizing gender-affirming hormonal therapy. Testosterone and oestrogen receptors are expressed throughout the cardiovascular system, yet the effects of these therapies on cardiovascular risk and outcomes are largely unknown. We report the case of a young transgender man with no discernible cardiovascular risk factors presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Case summary A 31-year-old transgender man utilizing intramuscular testosterone masculinizing gender-affirming hormonal therapy presented with central chest pain radiating to the left arm. He had no past medical history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, or smoking. Electrocardiography demonstrated infero-septal ST depression, and high-sensitivity troponin-I was elevated and increased to 19 686 ng/L. He was diagnosed with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Inpatient coronary angiography confirmed a critical focal lesion in the mid right coronary artery, which was managed with two drug-eluting stents. Medical management (i.e. aspirin, ticagrelor, atorvastatin, ramipril, and bisoprolol) and surveillance of residual plaque disease evident in the long tubular left main stem, proximal left anterior descending, and proximal circumflex vessels was undertaken. The masculinizing gender-affirming hormonal therapy was continued. Discussion Despite a greater awareness of the potential risk of increased cardiovascular disease in transgender people, the fundamental lack of data regarding cardiovascular outcomes in transgender people may be contributing to healthcare inequalities in this population. We must implement better training, awareness, and research into transgender cardiovascular health to facilitate equitable and evidence-based outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Connelly
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna Osmanska
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew M Y Lee
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret B McEntegart
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - John Byrne
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Maddahi A, Warfvinge K, Holm A, Edvinsson JCA, Reducha PV, Kazantzi S, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L. Progesterone distribution in the trigeminal system and its role to modulate sensory neurotransmission: influence of sex. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:154. [PMID: 37957603 PMCID: PMC10644471 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, representing up to 75% of all migraine cases. This discrepancy has been proposed to be influenced by differences in hormone levels between the sexes. One such hormone is progesterone. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) system is an important factor in migraine pathophysiology and could be influenced by circulating hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of progesterone and its receptor (PR) in the trigeminovascular system, and to examine the role of progesterone to modulate sensory neurotransmission. METHODS Trigeminal ganglion (TG), hypothalamus, dura mater, and the basilar artery from male and female rats were carefully dissected. Expression of progesterone and PR proteins, and mRNA levels from TG and hypothalamus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. CGRP release from TG and dura mater were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the vasomotor effect of progesterone on male and female basilar artery segments was investigated with myography. RESULTS Progesterone and progesterone receptor -A (PR-A) immunoreactivity were found in TG. Progesterone was located predominantly in cell membranes and in Aδ-fibers, and PR-A was found in neuronal cytoplasm and nucleus, and in satellite glial cells. The number of positive progesterone immunoreactive cells in the TG was higher in female compared to male rats. The PR mRNA was expressed in both hypothalamus and TG; however, the PR expression level was significantly higher in the hypothalamus. Progesterone did not induce a significant change neither in basal level nor upon stimulated release of CGRP from dura mater or TG in male or female rats when compared to the vehicle control. However, pre-treated with 10 µM progesterone weakly enhanced capsaicin induced CGRP release observed in the dura mater of male rats. Similarly, in male basilar arteries, progesterone significantly amplified the dilation in response to capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results highlight the potential for progesterone to modulate sensory neurotransmission and vascular responses in a complex manner, with effects varying by sex, tissue type, and the nature of the stimulus. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and physiological implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Maddahi
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Holm
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacob C A Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip Victor Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Spyridoula Kazantzi
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Song J, Lim YC, Kim DJ. Prevalence of aortic aneurysms and dissections in patients with systemic vessel aneurysms and dissections; matched case-control study using a national sample cohort. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1266430. [PMID: 37937285 PMCID: PMC10626494 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1266430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aneurysms in systemic arteries are rare, and little is known about their relationship with aortic aneurysms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD) in patients with other systemic vessel aneurysms and dissections (OVAD) and identify their potential risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study used a nationwide representative cohort sample from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database. We defined OVAD as systemic vessel aneurysms and dissections excluding intracranial and aortic dissections and aneurysms. With a total of 690 OVAD patients and 2,760 non-OVAD matched controls, we investigated the prevalence of AAD in patients with OVAD and potential risk factors for their concurrence using the χ2 test and logistic regression. Results The prevalence of AAD in patients with OVAD was 10.6% (73/690) and 0.3% (9/2,760) in patients with non-OVAD. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having concurrent AAD with OVAD was 37.56 (95% CI: 18.29-77.12, p < 0.001) after stratification by sex, age, income, region of residence and after adjustment for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and extent of disability. The adjusted ORs of AAD were significantly higher in females [adjusted OR = 47.63 (95% CI: 10.72-211.55)], and individuals aged ≥60 years [adjusted OR = 28.18 (95% CI: 13.42-59.17)], as well as those without hypertension [adjusted OR = 95.44 (95% CI: 18.21-500.23)], diabetes mellitus [adjusted OR = 46.39 (95% CI: 18.85-114.17)], without dyslipidemia [adjusted OR = 60.99 (95% CI: 20.83-178.56), p < 0.001 for all]. The prevalence of AAD significantly differed by according to specific sites of OVAD in carotid artery, upper extremity artery, iliac artery, lower extremity artery, and splanchnic artery (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions The prevalence of AAD in patients with OVAD was 37.56 times higher than that in the matched population. We may approach aneurysms as systemic diseases and further investigations of pathophysiology would help to clarify the relationships between AAD and OVAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Jung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yasuda K, Shishido I, Murayama M, Kaga S, Yano R. Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:23. [PMID: 37858250 PMCID: PMC10585830 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat application before peripheral intravenous catheterization is recommended for venous dilation. Hot pack application enlarges the venous diameter in healthy adults; however, hot towels (moist and dry heat) are used often in some medical cases. However, it is unclear whether hot towel application promotes venous dilation better than hot pack application. This study compared the venous dilation effect of using a hot towel (moist and dry heat) to a hot pack before applying the tourniquet at an access site for peripheral intravenous catheterization. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy females aged 18-29 years were recruited for this quasi-experimental study. They underwent three types of heat applications (hot pack, moist hot towel, and dry hot towel [moist hot towel wrapped in a dry plastic bag], all of which were warmed to 40 ± 2 °C and performed for 7 min) to their forearm and tourniquet application for 30 s after each heating. Venous diameter and depth were measured using ultrasonography, and venous palpability and visibility (venous assessment score) was observed as venous dilatation effects. In addition, the skin temperature, stratum corneum hydration, and subjective evaluation of the warmth were measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences in venous diameter and assessment scores after intervention between the dry hot towel and the hot pack groups, and the effect size was negligible (Cohen's d < 0.20). However, these measurements were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). Although there was no significant difference in skin temperature and warmth rating score between the dry hot towel and the hot pack, these were significantly lower for the moist hot towel than for the other two heat applications (P < .001). The amount of change in stratum corneum hydration of the dry hot towel was not significantly different from that of the hot pack; however, that of the moist hot towel was significantly larger than that of the other two heat applications (P < . 001.) CONCLUSIONS: A method in which a towel warmed in hot water is wrapped in a dry barrier may be an alternative to a hot pack. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (Registration No.: UMIN000048308. Registered on July 7, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Yasuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Inaho Shishido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michito Murayama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sanae Kaga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Rika Yano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12, W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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22
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Lin Z, Jiwani Z, Serpooshan V, Aghaverdi H, Yang PC, Aguirre A, Wu JC, Mahmoudi M. Sex Influences the Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cardiac Nanomedicine Technologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305940. [PMID: 37803920 PMCID: PMC10997742 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine technologies are being developed for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Before delving into the nuances of cardiac nanomedicine, it is essential to comprehend the fundamental sex-specific differences in cardiovascular health. Traditionally, CVDs have been more prevalent in males, but it is increasingly evident that females also face significant risks, albeit with distinct characteristics. Females tend to develop CVDs at a later age, exhibit different clinical symptoms, and often experience worse outcomes compared to males. These differences indicate the need for sex-specific approaches in cardiac nanomedicine. This Perspective discusses the importance of considering sex in the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicine approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Lin
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Zahra Jiwani
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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23
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Guarisco G, Giordano M. Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7845-7861. [PMID: 37886939 PMCID: PMC10605445 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Gloria Guarisco
- Diabetology, University Sapienza of Rome, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Saddic L, Escopete S, Zilberberg L, Kalsow S, Gupta D, Eghbali M, Parker S. 17 β-Estradiol Impedes Aortic Root Dilation and Rupture in Male Marfan Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13571. [PMID: 37686377 PMCID: PMC10487461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome causes a hereditary form of thoracic aortic aneurysms with worse outcomes in male compared to female patients. In this study, we examine the effects of 17 β-estradiol on aortic dilation and rupture in a Marfan mouse model. Marfan male mice were administered 17 β-estradiol, and the growth in the aortic root, along with the risk of aortic rupture, was measured. Transcriptomic profiling was used to identify enriched pathways from 17 β-estradiol treatments. Aortic smooth muscle cells were then treated with cytokines to validate functional mechanisms. We show that 17 β-estradiol decreased the size and rate of aortic root dilation and improved survival from rupture. The Marfan transcriptome was enriched in inflammatory genes, and the addition of 17 β-estradiol modulated a set of genes that function through TNFα mediated NF-κB signaling. In addition, 17 β-estradiol suppressed the induction of these TNFα induced genes in aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro in an NF-κB dependent manner, and 17 β-estradiol decreased the formation of adventitial inflammatory foci in aortic roots in vivo. In conclusion, 17 β-estradiol protects against the dilation and rupture of aortic roots in Marfan male mice through the inhibition of TNFα-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Saddic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (M.E.)
| | - Sean Escopete
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Lior Zilberberg
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Shannon Kalsow
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (M.E.)
| | - Sarah Parker
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA (L.Z.); (S.K.); (D.G.)
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25
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Li H, Xu S, Xu B, Zhang Y, Yin J, Yang Y. Unraveling the Links between Chronic Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Spontaneous Cervicocranial Arterial Dissection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5132. [PMID: 37568534 PMCID: PMC10419694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in imaging techniques have led to a rise in the diagnosis of spontaneous cervicocranial arterial dissection (SCCAD), which is now considered a common cause of stroke in young adults. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCCAD remains limited. Prior studies have proposed various factors contributing to arterial wall weakness or stress as potential causes for SCCAD. A combination of biopsies, case reports, and case-control studies suggests that inflammatory changes and autoimmunity may play roles in the cascade of events leading to SCCAD. In this review, we examine the close relationship between SCCAD, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, aiming to explore potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these conditions. While some relevant hypotheses and studies exist, direct evidence on this topic is still relatively scarce. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms in larger clinical cohorts is needed, and the exploration of animal models may provide novel insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
| | - Shiyao Xu
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
| | - Yutong Zhang
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
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26
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Wan B, Ma N, Zhou Z, Lv C. Putative causal inference for the relationship between obesity and sex hormones in males: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15760. [PMID: 37483981 PMCID: PMC10362853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic disease with a high prevalence rate and is an established risk factor for human health. Body mass index (BMI) is a common and primary indicator used in assessing obesity. This work aims to investigate the putative causal relationship among BMI, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and estradiol levels. Materials and Methods We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol as instrumental variables. All SNPs were identified from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of large sample studies recruiting more than 150,000 European adult male individuals. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach was used as a primary algorithm for putative causal estimation. Results Genetically predicted elevated BMI was associated with decreased SHBG (IVW, β = -0.103, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.113 to -0.092], P = 1.50 × 10-77) and BioT levels (IVW, β = -0.139, 95% CI [-0.165 to -0.113], P = 9.54 × 10-26) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.014, 95% CI [0.009-0.019], P = 2.19 × 10-7). Increased SHBG levels were causally associated with low BMI (IVW, β = -0.051, 95% CI [-0.098 to -0.005], P = 0.030) and BioT (IVW, β = -0.126, 95% CI [-0.175 to -0.077], P = 5.97 × 10-7) and high estradiol levels (IVW, β = 0.046, 95% CI [0.035-0.056], P = 6.51 × 10-17). Conversely, no evidence of an effect of estradiol imbalance on SHBG levels (IVW, β = 1.035, 95% CI [-0.854 to 2.926], P = 0.283) and BMI (IVW, β = 0.091, 95% CI [-0.094 to 0.276], P = 0.336) was obtained. However, increased BioT levels were causally associated with lower SHBG levels (IVW, β = -0.044, 95% CI [-0.061 to -0.026], P = 8.76 × 10-7), not BMI (IVW, β = -0.006, 95% CI [-0.035 to 0.023], P = 0.679). Conclusions The findings support a network putative causal relationship among BMI, SHBG, BioT, and estradiol. SHBG, BioT, and estradiol may partly mediate the effect of obesity on male health. Reasonably modulating BioT and estradiol, especially SHBG, facilitated the attenuation of the harmful effects of obesity on male health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cai Lv
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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27
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Rangaprakash D, Barry RL, Deshpande G. The confound of hemodynamic response function variability in human resting-state functional MRI studies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:934138. [PMID: 37521709 PMCID: PMC10375034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.934138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure of neural activity with the hemodynamic response function (HRF) coupling it with unmeasured neural activity. The HRF, modulated by several non-neural factors, is variable across brain regions, individuals and populations. Yet, a majority of human resting-state fMRI connectivity studies continue to assume a non-variable HRF. In this article, with supportive prior evidence, we argue that HRF variability cannot be ignored as it substantially confounds within-subject connectivity estimates and between-subjects connectivity group differences. We also discuss its clinical relevance with connectivity impairments confounded by HRF aberrations in several disorders. We present limited data on HRF differences between women and men, which resulted in a 15.4% median error in functional connectivity estimates in a group-level comparison. We also discuss the implications of HRF variability for fMRI studies in the spinal cord. There is a need for more dialogue within the community on the HRF confound, and we hope that our article is a catalyst in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rangaprakash
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert L. Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AU MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Key Laboratory for Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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28
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Wu JC, Wang XJ, Zhu JH, Huang XY, Liu M, Qiao Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang ZY, Zhan P, Zhang T, Hu HL, Liu H, Tang W, Yi F. GPR97 deficiency ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis in mouse hypertensive nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1206-1216. [PMID: 36635422 PMCID: PMC10203364 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) ranks as the second-leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent hypertension injures tubular cells, leading to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), which is involved in the pathogenesis of HTN. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are implicated in many important pathological and physiological processes and act as important drug targets. In this study, we explored the intrarenal mechanisms underlying hypertension-associated TIF, and particularly, the potential role of GPR97, a member of the adhesion GPCR subfamily, in TIF. A deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt-induced hypertensive mouse model was used. We revealed a significantly upregulated expression of GPR97 in the kidneys, especially in renal tubules, of the hypertensive mice and 10 patients with biopsy-proven hypertensive kidney injury. GPR97-/- mice showed markedly elevated blood pressure, which was comparable to that of wild-type mice following DOCA/salt treatment, but dramatically ameliorated renal injury and TIF. In NRK-52E cells, we demonstrated that knockdown of GPR97 suppressed the activation of TGF-β signaling by disturbing small GTPase RhoA-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, thus inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis of TGF-β receptors and subsequent Smad activation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that GPR97 contributes to hypertension-associated TIF at least in part by facilitating TGF-β signaling, suggesting that GPR97 is a pivotal intrarenal factor for TIF progression under hypertensive conditions, and therapeutic strategies targeting GPR97 may improve the outcomes of patients with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Han Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhe Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui-Li Hu
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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da Silva DG, Moura KF, de Souza AC, Silva KGN, Vidigal CB, da Silva Jezuíno J, Gravena RC, Pelosi GG, Gerardin DCC, do Carmo Franco M, Ceravolo GS. Topiramate treatment during the peripubertal period does not alter aortic endothelial function in female Wistar rats. Life Sci 2023:121819. [PMID: 37257581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term adverse effects of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, and estrogen receptor (ERα and ERβ) modulation on endothelial function in female Wistar rats treated with topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic drug, during the peripubertal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Wistar rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg) or water (CTR group) by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50 (peripubertal phase). At the end of the treatment, the TPM and CTR rats were divided into two groups and evaluated after 24 h or from PND 85 (adulthood). The rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (Phenyl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP); aortic ring reactivity after ERα and ERβ antagonism; and BP. KEY FINDINGS It was observed that vascular response to Phenyl, ACh, and SNP was similar between TPM and CTR rats in the short- and long-term evaluations. In addition, the ER antagonism did not interfere with aortic contraction or relaxation in either TPM or CTR. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the results show that TPM treatment during the peripubertal period does not alter aortic endothelial function and its estrogen modulation via classic ER in female Wistar rats, suggesting that TPM treatment in this period is safe for the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gomes da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kawane Fabricio Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kenny Gutemberg Nunes Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Borecki Vidigal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Jezuíno
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Cardoso Gravena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Ceccato Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela Scalianti Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Saddic L, Escopete S, Zilberberg L, Kalsow S, Gupta D, Egbhali M, Parker S. 17 β-estradiol impedes aortic root dilation and rupture in male Marfan mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540071. [PMID: 37215011 PMCID: PMC10197695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome causes a hereditary form of thoracic aortic aneurysms with dilation of the aortic root. Human and animal models suggest a worse phenotype for males compared to females with respect to aneurysm size and risk of dissection. In this study we examine the effects of 17 β-estradiol on aortic dilation and rupture in a Marfan mouse model. Marfan male mice were administered 17 β-estradiol and the growth in aortic root size along with the risk of aortic rupture or dissection with the addition of angiotensin II was measured. Transcriptomic profiling was used to identify enriched pathways from 17 β-estradiol treatment. Aortic smooth muscle cells were then treated with cytokines in order to validate the mechanism of 17 β-estradiol protection. We show that 17 β-estradiol decreased the size and rate of aortic root dilation and improved survival from rupture and dissection after treatment with angiotensin II. The Marfan transcriptome was enriched in inflammatory genes and the addition of 17 β-estradiol modulated a set of genes that function through TNFα mediated NF-κB signaling. These included many proteins known to play a role in the phenotypic shift of aortic smooth muscle cells from a contractile to a more inflammatory-like state such as Vcam-1, Mcp-1, Lgals3, Il-6, Il-1b, and C3. In addition, 17 β-estradiol suppressed the induction of these TNFα induced genes in aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and this effect appears to be NF-κB dependent. In conclusion, 17 β-estradiol protects against the dilation and rupture of aortic roots in Marfan male mice through the inhibition of TNFα -NF-κB signaling and thus prevents the phenotypic switch of aortic smooth muscle cells from a contractile to an inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Saddic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sean Escopete
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lior Zilberberg
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shannon Kalsow
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Divya Gupta
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mansoureh Egbhali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Parker
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
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Lamberti N, Traina L, Savriè C, Tsolaki E, Rinaldo N, Straudi S, Guerzoni F, Napoli N, Manfredini R, Gasbarro V, Manfredini F. Lower All-Cause Mortality Risk in Females and Males with Peripheral Artery Disease following Pain-Free Home-Based Exercise: A 7-Year Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040636. [PMID: 37109022 PMCID: PMC10143366 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the sex-specific difference in response upon participation in an exercise program with respect to the risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and claudication. The records of 400 PAD patients were assessed between 2012 and 2015. Two hundred of them were addressed to a walking program prescribed at the hospital and executed at home at symptom-free walking speed (Ex), while the remaining 200 acted as a control group (Co). The number and date of deaths, all-cause hospitalizations, and amputations for a 7-year period were collected from the regional registry. At baseline, no differences were observed (MEXn = 138; FEXn = 62; MCOn = 149; FCOn = 51). The 7-year survival rate was significantly higher in FEX (90%) than in MEX (82% hazard ratio, HR: 0.542 95% CI 0.331-0.885), FCO (45%, HR: 0.164 95% CI 0.088-0.305), and MCO (44%; HR: 0.157 95% CI 0.096-0.256). A significantly lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.001) and amputations (p = 0.016) was observed for the Ex group compared to the Co group, without differences by sex. In conclusion, in PAD patients, active participation in a home-based pain-free exercise program was associated with a lower rate of death and better long-term clinical outcomes, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Traina
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Savriè
- Clinica Medica Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elpiniki Tsolaki
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Guerzoni
- Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Health Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Clinica Medica Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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van der Heide FCT, Eussen SJPM, Houben AJHM, Henry RMA, Kroon AA, van der Kallen CJH, Dagnelie PC, van Dongen MCJM, Berendschot TTJM, Schouten JSAG, Webers CAB, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Wesselius A, Schalkwijk CG, Koster A, Jansen JFA, Backes WH, Beulens JWJ, Stehouwer CDA. Alcohol consumption and microvascular dysfunction: a J-shaped association: The Maastricht Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:67. [PMID: 36964536 PMCID: PMC10039613 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is an important contributor to major clinical disease such as stroke, dementia, depression, retinopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Alcohol consumption may be a determinant of MVD. OBJECTIVE Main objectives were (1) to study whether alcohol consumption was associated with MVD as assessed in the brain, retina, skin, kidney and in the blood; and (2) to investigate whether associations differed by history of cardiovascular disease or sex. DESIGN We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (N = 3,120 participants, 50.9% men, mean age 60 years, and 27.5% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We used regression analyses to study the association between total alcohol (per unit and in the categories, i.e. none, light, moderate, high) and MVD, where all measures of MVD were combined into a total MVD composite score (expressed in SD). We adjusted all associations for potential confounders; and tested for interaction by sex, and history of cardiovascular disease. Additionally we tested for interaction with glucose metabolism status. RESULTS The association between total alcohol consumption and MVD was non-linear, i.e. J-shaped. Moderate versus light total alcohol consumption was significantly associated with less MVD, after full adjustment (beta [95% confidence interval], -0.10 [-0.19; -0.01]). The shape of the curve differed with sex (Pinteraction = 0.03), history of cardiovascular disease (Pinteraction < 0.001), and glucose metabolism status (Pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The present cross-sectional, population-based study found evidence that alcohol consumption may have an effect on MVD. Hence, although increasing alcohol consumption cannot be recommended as a policy, this study suggests that prevention of MVD may be possible through dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C T van der Heide
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Center, MUMC+ Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham A Kroon
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martien C J M van Dongen
- Department of Epidemiology, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan S A G Schouten
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, UM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University (UM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ivan S, Daniela O, Jaroslava BD. Sex differences matter: Males and females are equal but not the same. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114038. [PMID: 36423797 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences between males and females can be detected early in life. They are present also later even to a much greater extent affecting our life in adulthood and a wide spectrum of physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics. Moreover, sex differences matter also in individual's health and disease. In this article, we reviewed at first the sex differences in brain organization and function with respect to the underlying biological mechanisms. Since the individual functional differences in the brain, in turn, shape the behavior, sex-specific psychological/behavioral differences that can be observed in infants but also adults are consequently addressed. Finally, we briefly mention sex-dependent variations in susceptibility to selected disorders as well as their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and response to therapy. The understanding of biologically determined variability between males and females can have important implications, especially in gender-specific health care. We have the impression that it is very important to emphasize that sex matters. Males and females are differently programmed by nature, and it must be respected. Even though we as males and females are not the same, we would like to emphasize that we are still equal and together form a worthy colorful continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szadvári Ivan
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ostatníková Daniela
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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India-Aldana S, Rundle AG, Clendenen TV, Quinn JW, Arslan AA, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Liu M, Neckerman KM, Thorpe LE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Chen Y. Neighborhood walkability and sex steroid hormone levels in women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114285. [PMID: 36088991 PMCID: PMC10039647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood walkability (NW) has been linked to increased physical activity, which in turn is associated with lower concentrations of sex hormones and higher concentration of SHBG in women. However, no study has directly examined the association of NW with female sex hormone levels. OBJECTIVE We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between NW and circulating levels of sex hormones and SHBG in pre- and post-menopausal women. METHODS We included 797 premenopausal and 618 postmenopausal women from the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) who were healthy controls in previous nested case-control studies in which sex hormones (androstenedione, testosterone, DHEAS, estradiol and estrone) and SHBG had been measured in serum at enrollment. Baseline residential addresses were geo-coded and the Built Environment and Health Neighborhood Walkability Index (BEH-NWI) was calculated. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the association between BEH-NWI and sex hormone and SHBG concentrations adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level factors. RESULTS In premenopausal women, a one standard deviation (SD) increment in BEH-NWI was associated with a 3.5% (95% CI 0.9%-6.1%) lower DHEAS concentration. In postmenopausal women, a one SD increment in BEH-NWI was related to an 8.5% (95% CI 5.4%-11.5%) lower level of DHEAS, a 3.7% (95% CI 0.5%-6.8%) lower level of testosterone, a 1.8% (95% CI 0.5%-3.0%) lower level of estrone, and a 4.2% (95% CI 2.7%-5.7%) higher level of SHBG. However, the associations with respect to DHEAS and estrone became apparent only after adjusting for neighborhood-level variables. Sensitivity analyses using fixed effects meta-analysis and inverse probability weighting accounting for potential selection bias yielded similar results. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NW is associated with lower concentrations of androgens and estrone, and increased SHBG, in postmenopausal women, and lower levels of DHEAS in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tess V Clendenen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - James W Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Karen L Koenig
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathryn M Neckerman
- Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5th Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Carr JMJR, Ainslie PN, Howe CA, Gibbons TD, Tymko MM, Steele AR, Hoiland RL, Vizcardo-Galindo GA, Patrician A, Brown CV, Caldwell HG, Tremblay JC. Brachial artery responses to acute hypercapnia: The roles of shear stress and adrenergic tone. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1440-1453. [PMID: 36114662 DOI: 10.1113/ep090690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the contributions of shear stress and adrenergic tone to brachial artery vasodilatation during hypercapnia? What is the main finding and its importance? In healthy young adults, shear-mediated vasodilatation does not occur in the brachial artery during hypercapnia, as elevated α₁-adrenergic activity typically maintains vascular tone and offsets distal vasodilatation controlling flow. ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the shear stress dependency of brachial artery (BA) responses to hypercapnia, and the α₁-adrenergic restraint of these responses. We hypothesized that elevated shear stress during hypercapnia would cause BA vasodilatation, but where shear stress was prohibited (via arterial compression), the BA would not vasodilate (study 1); and, in the absence of α₁-adrenergic activity, blood flow, shear stress and BA vasodilatation would increase (study 2). In study 1, 14 healthy adults (7/7 male/female, 27 ± 4 years) underwent bilateral BA duplex ultrasound during hypercapnia (partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide, +10.2 ± 0.3 mmHg above baseline, 12 min) via dynamic end-tidal forcing, and shear stress was reduced in one BA using manual compression (compression vs. control arm). Neither diameter nor blood flow was different between baseline and the last minute of hypercapnia (P = 0.423, P = 0.363, respectively) in either arm. The change values from baseline to the last minute, in diameter (%; P = 0.201), flow (ml/min; P = 0.234) and conductance (ml/min/mmHg; P = 0.503) were not different between arms. In study 2, 12 healthy adults (9/3 male/female, 26 ± 4 years) underwent the same design with and without α₁-adrenergic receptor blockade (prazosin; 0.05 mg/kg) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind and randomized design. BA flow, conductance and shear rate increased during hypercapnia in the prazosin control arm (interaction, P < 0.001), but in neither arm during placebo. Even in the absence of α₁-adrenergic restraint, downstream vasodilatation in the microvasculature during hypercapnia is insufficient to cause shear-mediated vasodilatation in the BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M J R Carr
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Travis D Gibbons
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew R Steele
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Gustavo A Vizcardo-Galindo
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Patrician
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Courtney V Brown
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah G Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Hyperuricemia and Endothelial Function: Is It a Simple Association or Do Gender Differences Play a Role in This Binomial? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123067. [PMID: 36551823 PMCID: PMC9775568 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a fundamental role in the biological processes that ensure physiological vessel integrity, synthesizing numerous substances that are capable of modulating the tone of vessels, inflammation and the immune system, and platelet function. Endothelial dysfunction refers to an anomaly that develops at the level of the tunica that lines the internal surface of arterial and venous vessels, or, more precisely, an alteration to normal endothelial function, which involves the loss of some structural and/or functional characteristics. Studies on sex differences in endothelial function are conflicting, with some showing an earlier decline in endothelial function in men compared to women, while others show a similar age of onset between the sexes. Since increased cardiovascular risk coincides with menopause, female hormones, particularly estrogen, are generally believed to be cardioprotective. Furthermore, it is often proposed that androgens are harmful. In truth, these relationships are more complex than one might think and are not just dependent on fluctuations in circulating hormones. An increase in serum uric acid is widely regarded as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, its role in the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction has not yet been elucidated. Several studies in the literature have evaluated sex-related differences in the association between elevated uric acid levels and cardiovascular events, with conflicting results. The association between uric acid and cardiovascular disease is still controversial, and it is not yet clear how gender differences affect the serum concentration of these substances. This review was primarily aimed at clarifying the effects of uric acid at the level of the vascular endothelium and describing how it could theoretically cause damage to endothelial integrity. The second aim was to determine if there are gender differences in uric acid metabolism and how these differences interact with the vascular endothelium.
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37
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Higgins S, Smith AN, Williams ER, Das BM, Fedewa MV, Evans EM. Sex-specific correlates of metabolic syndrome risk in college-aged young adults. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2527-2534. [PMID: 33577409 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1869751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the sex-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors and their physiological, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates in a college-aged population. Participants and methods: Cross-sectional assessment of MetS risk factors and potential correlates occurred in 379 first-year students (aged 18.34 ± 0.49 years, 67.3% female). Multivariable linear regression assessed the relationships between potential correlates and continuous MetS risk scores, derived from principal component analysis. Results: MetS risk factors were present in 58.4% of females and 68.5% of males, with 2.4% and 3.2% having defined MetS. In females, percent body fat (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), stress (β = 0.12, p = 0.031), % kcal from sugar (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β=-0.12, p = 0.036) were associated with risk score. Whereas, correlates in males included percent body fat (β = 0.54, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (β = 0.15, p = 0.045), and AUDIT alcohol consumption score (β = 0.15, p = 0.033). Conclusion: The sex-specific prevalence of MetS risk factors and correlates suggest that primary prevention strategies on college campuses should also follow a sex-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | | | - Ewan R Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bhibha M Das
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Ellen M Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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38
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Kerick M, Acosta-Herrera M, Simeón-Aznar CP, Callejas JL, Assassi S, Proudman SM, Nikpour M, Hunzelmann N, Moroncini G, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Orozco G, Barton A, Herrick AL, Terao C, Allanore Y, Fonseca C, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Radstake TRDJ, Beretta L, Denton CP, Mayes MD, Martin J. Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 36198672 PMCID: PMC9534873 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kerick
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - Shervin Assassi
- Department of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susanna M Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- The University of Melbourne at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche e Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gisela Orozco
- Center for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Center for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Northern care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Department of Rheumatology A, Hospital Cochin, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Carmen Fonseca
- Center for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Marta Eugenia Alarcón-Riquelme
- Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Center for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- Department of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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39
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Aimuzi R, Wang Y, Luo K, Jiang Y. Exposure to phthalates, phenols, and parabens mixture and alterations in sex steroid hormones among adolescents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134834. [PMID: 35533932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates (PAEs), phenols, and parabens has been linked with sex hormone imbalance; however, previous studies were predominantly limited to adults and failed to examine the combined effects of these chemicals mixture among adolescents. Thus, we used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2016) to explore the associations of urinary PAEs, phenols, and parabens biomarkers with sex hormones among participants aged 12-19 years old (n = 613). Latent class analysis (LCA) and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) were applied to assess the associations of the latent exposure profiles and chemicals mixture with sex hormone indicators, including steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), in adolescents and by sex. Using LCA, four latent classes were identified among all participants. Compared with the class characterized by "Low exposure", the class represented by "High PAEs" [mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and monobenzyl phthalate (MBZP)] had lower level of estradiol (E2) [β = -0.249, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.419, -0.08], free androgen index (FAI) (β = -0.258, 95%CI: -0.512, -0.005) and free testosterone (FT) (β = -0.248, 95%CI: -0.496, -0.001) among male adolescents. These results were echoed by the results in QGC analyses, where PAEs mixture was negatively associated with E2 (β = -0.137, 95% CI: -0.263, -0.011), FAI (β = -0.198, 95%CI: -0.387, -0.008) and FT (β = -0.189, 95%CI: -0.375, -0.002) among male adolescents. By contrast, the associations of the identified latent classes or chemicals mixture with sex hormone indicators were generally nonsignificant among female counterparts, except for a positive association between PAEs mixture and SHBG (β = 0.121, 95%CI: 0.012, 0.23). Our study demonstrated that exposure to PAEs, particularly MECPP, MEHHP, and MBZP, would be a threat to the sex hormone homeostasis of male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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40
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De Paoli M, Wood DW, Bohn MK, Pandey AK, Borowitz DK, Fang S, Patel Z, Venegas-Pino DE, Shi Y, Werstuck GH. Investigating the protective effects of estrogen on β-cell health and the progression of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E254-E266. [PMID: 35830687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00353.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the prevalence and development of diabetes and associated cardiometabolic complications are well established. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of estrogen on the maintenance of β-cell health/function and atherosclerosis progression, using a mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis, the ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mouse. ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice exhibit sexual dimorphism in the control of blood glucose levels. Male ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice are chronically hyperglycemic due to a significant reduction in pancreatic β-cell mass. Female mice are only transiently hyperglycemic, maintain β-cell mass, and blood glucose levels normalize at 35 ± 1 days of age. To determine the effects of estrogen on pancreatic β-cell health and function, ovariectomies and estrogen supplementation experiments were performed, and pancreatic health and atherosclerosis were assessed at various time points. Ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice developed chronic hyperglycemia with significantly reduced β-cell mass. To determine whether the observed effects on ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice were due to a lack of estrogens, slow-releasing estradiol pellets were inserted subcutaneously. Ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice treated with exogenous estradiol showed normalized blood glucose levels and maintained β-cell mass. Exogenous estradiol significantly reduced atherosclerosis in both ovariectomized female and male ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice relative to controls. Together, these findings suggest that estradiol confers significant protection to pancreatic β-cell health and can directly and indirectly slow the progression of atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examines the effect(s) of estrogen on β cell and cardiometabolic health/function in a novel mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis (ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita). Using a combination of estrogen deprivation (ovariectomy) and supplementation strategies, we quantify effects on glucose homeostasis and atherogenesis. Our results clearly show a protective role for estrogen on pancreatic β-cell health and function and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, estrogen supplementation dramatically reduces atherosclerosis progression in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Paoli
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dempsey W Wood
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary K Bohn
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana K Borowitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susanna Fang
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zinal Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Venegas-Pino
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Puppala S, Spradling-Reeves KD, Chan J, Birnbaum S, Newman DE, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, VandeBerg JL, Olivier M, Cox LA. Hepatic transcript signatures predict atherosclerotic lesion burden prior to a 2-year high cholesterol, high fat diet challenge. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271514. [PMID: 35925965 PMCID: PMC9352111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms by which the liver influences total lesion burden in a nonhuman primate model (NHP) of cardiovascular disease with acute and chronic feeding of a high cholesterol, high fat (HCHF) diet. Baboons (47 females, 64 males) were fed a HCHF diet for 2 years (y); liver biopsies were collected at baseline, 7 weeks (w) and 2y, and lesions were quantified in aortic arch, descending aorta, and common iliac at 2y. Unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed several modules of hepatic genes correlated with lesions at different time points of dietary challenge. Pathway and network analyses were performed to study the roles of hepatic module genes. More significant pathways were observed in males than females. In males, we found modules enriched for genes in oxidative phosphorylation at baseline, opioid signaling at 7w, and EIF2 signaling and HNF1A and HNF4A networks at baseline and 2y. One module enriched for fatty acid β oxidation pathway genes was found in males and females at 2y. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a large NHP cohort to identify hepatic genes that correlate with lesion burden. Correlations of baseline and 7w module genes with lesions at 2y were observed in males but not in females. Pathway analyses of baseline and 7w module genes indicate EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and μ-opioid signaling are possible mechanisms that predict lesion formation induced by HCHF diet consumption in males. Our findings of coordinated hepatic transcriptional response in male baboons but not female baboons indicate underlying molecular mechanisms differ between female and male primate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Spradling-Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shifra Birnbaum
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Newman
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Michael C. Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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42
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Davezac M, Buscato M, Zahreddine R, Lacolley P, Henrion D, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Fontaine C. Estrogen Receptor and Vascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:727380. [PMID: 35821994 PMCID: PMC9261451 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.727380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain an age-related pathology in both men and women. These pathologies are 3-fold more frequent in men than in women before menopause, although this difference progressively decreases after menopause. The vasculoprotective role of estrogens are well established before menopause, but the consequences of their abrupt decline on the cardiovascular risk at menopause remain debated. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the protective effects of estrogens against cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis, and the impact of aging and estrogen deprivation on their endothelial actions. The arterial actions of estrogens, but also part of that of androgens through their aromatization into estrogens, are mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. ERs belong to the nuclear receptor family and act by transcriptional regulation in the nucleus, but also exert non-genomic/extranuclear actions. Beside the decline of estrogens at menopause, abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ERs in the tissues, and particularly in arteries, could contribute to the failure of classic estrogens to protect arteries during aging. Finally, we will discuss how recent insights in the mechanisms of action of ERα could contribute to optimize the hormonal treatment of the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Davezac
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, DCAC Institute, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- INSERM U1083 CNRS UMR 6015, CHU, MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Francois Arnal
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM-UPS UMR U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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43
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Vellano CP, White MG, Andrews MC, Chelvanambi M, Witt RG, Daniele JR, Titus M, McQuade JL, Conforti F, Burton EM, Lastrapes MJ, Ologun G, Cogdill AP, Morad G, Prieto P, Lazar AJ, Chu Y, Han G, Khan MAW, Helmink B, Davies MA, Amaria RN, Kovacs JJ, Woodman SE, Patel S, Hwu P, Peoples M, Lee JE, Cooper ZA, Zhu H, Gao G, Banerjee H, Lau M, Gershenwald JE, Lucci A, Keung EZ, Ross MI, Pala L, Pagan E, Segura RL, Liu Q, Borthwick MS, Lau E, Yates MS, Westin SN, Wani K, Tetzlaff MT, Haydu LE, Mahendra M, Ma X, Logothetis C, Kulstad Z, Johnson S, Hudgens CW, Feng N, Federico L, Long GV, Futreal PA, Arur S, Tawbi HA, Moran AE, Wang L, Heffernan TP, Marszalek JR, Wargo JA. Androgen receptor blockade promotes response to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy. Nature 2022; 606:797-803. [PMID: 35705814 PMCID: PMC10071594 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with therapy targeting BRAF and MEK (BRAF/MEK) has revolutionized care in melanoma and other cancers; however, therapeutic resistance is common and innovative treatment strategies are needed1,2. Here we studied a group of patients with melanoma who were treated with neoadjuvant BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy ( NCT02231775 , n = 51) and observed significantly higher rates of major pathological response (MPR; ≤10% viable tumour at resection) and improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) in female versus male patients (MPR, 66% versus 14%, P = 0.001; RFS, 64% versus 32% at 2 years, P = 0.021). The findings were validated in several additional cohorts2-4 of patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma who were treated with BRAF- and/or MEK-targeted therapy (n = 664 patients in total), demonstrating improved progression-free survival and overall survival in female versus male patients in several of these studies. Studies in preclinical models demonstrated significantly impaired anti-tumour activity in male versus female mice after BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy (P = 0.006), with significantly higher expression of the androgen receptor in tumours of male and female BRAF/MEK-treated mice versus the control (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0025). Pharmacological inhibition of androgen receptor signalling improved responses to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy in male and female mice (P = 0.018 and P = 0.003), whereas induction of androgen receptor signalling (through testosterone administration) was associated with a significantly impaired response to BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy in male and female patients (P = 0.021 and P < 0.0001). Together, these results have important implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miles C Andrews
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell G Witt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabio Conforti
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcomas, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elizabeth M Burton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Lastrapes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Ologun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Guthrie Courtland Medical Center, Courtland, NY, USA
| | - Alexandria P Cogdill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Immunai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Golnaz Morad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Prieto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanshuo Chu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M A Wadud Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beth Helmink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Peoples
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Gao
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiya Banerjee
- Clinical Development and Analytics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Mike Lau
- Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Z Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Merrick I Ross
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Pala
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcomas, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagan
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Lazcano Segura
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mikayla S Borthwick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda S Yates
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khalida Wani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhila Mahendra
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - XiaoYan Ma
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Kulstad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney W Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Swathi Arur
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy E Moran
- Cell, Development & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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44
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Shao X, Yu W, Yang Y, Wang F, Yu X, Wu H, Ma Y, Cao B, Wang YL. The mystery of the life tree: the placenta. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:301-316. [PMID: 35552600 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the interface between the fetal and maternal environments during mammalian gestation, critically safeguarding the health of the developing fetus and the mother. Placental trophoblasts origin from embryonic trophectoderm that differentiates into various trophoblastic subtypes through villous and extravillous pathways. The trophoblasts actively interact with multiple decidual cells and immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and thus construct fundamental functional units, which are responsible for blood perfusion, maternal-fetal material exchange, placental endocrine, immune tolerance, and adequate defense barrier against pathogen infection. Various pregnant complications are tightly associated with the defects in placental development and function maintenance. In this review, we summarize the current views and our recent progress on the mechanisms underlying the formation of placental functional units, the interactions among trophoblasts and various uterine cells, as well as the placental barrier against pathogen infections during pregnancy. The involvement of placental dysregulation in adverse pregnancy outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeling Ma
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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45
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Bumgarner JR, Nelson RJ. Open-source analysis and visualization of segmented vasculature datasets with VesselVio. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100189. [PMID: 35497491 PMCID: PMC9046271 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular networks are fundamental components of biological systems. Quantitative analysis and observation of the features of these networks can improve our understanding of their roles in health and disease. Recent advancements in imaging technologies have enabled the generation of large-scale vasculature datasets, but barriers to analyzing these datasets remain. Modern analysis options are mainly limited to paid applications or open-source terminal-based software that requires programming knowledge with high learning curves. Here, we describe VesselVio, an open-source application developed to analyze and visualize pre-binarized vasculature datasets and pre-constructed vascular graphs. Vasculature datasets and graphs can be loaded with annotations and processed with custom parameters. Here, the program is tested on ground-truth datasets and is compared with current pipelines. The utility of VesselVio is demonstrated by the analysis of multiple formats of 2D and 3D datasets acquired with several imaging modalities, including annotated mouse whole-brain vasculature volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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46
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Role of Estrogens in Menstrual Migraine. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081355. [PMID: 35456034 PMCID: PMC9025552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a major neurological disorder affecting one in nine adults worldwide with a significant impact on health care and socioeconomic systems. Migraine is more prevalent in women than in men, with 17% of all women meeting the diagnostic criteria for migraine. In women, the frequency of migraine attacks shows variations over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and the use of combined hormonal contraception (CHC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can unveil or modify migraine disease. In the general population, 18–25% of female migraineurs display a menstrual association of their headache. Here we present an overview on the evidence supporting the role of reproductive hormones, in particular estrogens, in the pathophysiology of migraine. We also analyze the efficacy and safety of prescribing exogenous estrogens as a potential treatment for menstrual-related migraine. Finally, we point to controversial issues and future research areas in the field of reproductive hormones and migraine.
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47
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Brandi ML. Are sex hormones promising candidates to explain sex disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:171-183. [PMID: 34761329 PMCID: PMC8580578 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for men than women both in China and in Europe. Male sex is a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. The meccanisms underlying the reduced morbidity and lethality in women are currently unclear, even though hypotheses have been posed (Brandi and Giustina in Trends Endocrinol Metab. 31:918-27, 2020). This article aims to describe the role of sex hormones in sex- and gender-related fatality of COVID-19. We discuss the possibility that potential sex-specific mechanisms modulating the course of the disease include both the androgen- and the estrogen-response cascade. Sex hormones regulate the respiratory function, the innate and adaptive immune responses, the immunoaging, the cardiovascular system, and the entrance of the virus in the cells. Recommendations for the future government policies and for the management of COVID-19 patients should include a dimorphic approach for males and females. As the estrogen receptor signaling appears critical for protection in women, more studies are needed to translate the basic knowledge into clinical actions. Understanding the etiological bases of sexual dimorphism in COVID-19 could help develop more effective strategies in individual patients in both sexes, including designing a good vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Sulle Malattie Dell'Osso, Florence, Italy.
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48
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Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
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49
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Armeni E, Lambrinoudaki I. Menopause, androgens, and cardiovascular ageing: a narrative review. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221129946. [PMID: 36325501 PMCID: PMC9619256 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221129946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, women tend to be less affected than men during their reproductive years. The female cardiovascular risk increases significantly around the time of the menopausal transition. The loss of the protective action of ovarian oestrogens and the circulating androgens has been implicated in possibly inducing subclinical and overt changes in the cardiovascular system after the menopausal transition. In vitro studies performed in human or animal cell lines demonstrate an adverse effect of testosterone on endothelial cell function and nitric oxide bioavailability. Cohort studies evaluating associations between testosterone and/or dehydroepiandrosterone and subclinical vascular disease and clinical cardiovascular events show an increased risk for women with more pronounced androgenicity. However, a mediating effect of insulin resistance is possible. Data on cardiovascular implications following low-dose testosterone treatment in middle-aged women or high-dose testosterone supplementation for gender affirmatory purposes remain primarily inconsistent. It is prudent to consider the possible adverse association between testosterone and endothelial function during the decision-making process of the most appropriate treatment for a postmenopausal woman.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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50
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Sex steroids receptors, hypertension, and vascular ageing. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:120-125. [PMID: 34230581 PMCID: PMC8850193 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone receptors are expressed throughout the vasculature and play an important role in the modulation of blood pressure in health and disease. The functions of these receptors may be important in the understanding of sexual dimorphism observed in the pathophysiology of both hypertension and vascular ageing. The interconnectivity of these factors can be exemplified in postmenopausal females, who with age and estrogen deprivation, surpass males with regard to hypertension prevalence, despite experiencing significantly less disease burden in their estrogen replete youth. Estrogen and androgen receptors mediate their actions via direct genomic effects or rapid non-genomic signaling, involving a host of mediators. The expression and subtype composition of these receptors changes through the lifespan in response to age, disease and hormonal exposure. These factors may promote sex steroid receptor-mediated alterations to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), and increases in oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby contributing to the development of hypertension and vascular injury with age.
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