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Chen L, Yang T, Sun X, Wong CC, Yang D. Protein Tyrosine Amination: Detection, Imaging, and Chemoproteomic Profiling with Synthetic Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11944-11954. [PMID: 38622919 PMCID: PMC11066840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) by oxidative and nitrative stress is a well-known post-translational modification that plays a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Despite being recognized as a stable modification for decades, recent studies have suggested the existence of a reduction in PTN, leading to the formation of 3-aminotyrosine (3AT) and potential denitration processes. However, the vital functions of 3AT-containing proteins are still unclear due to the lack of selective probes that directly target the protein tyrosine amination. Here, we report a novel approach to label and enrich 3AT-containing proteins with synthetic salicylaldehyde (SAL)-based probes: SALc-FL with a fluorophore and SALc-Yn with an alkyne tag. These probes exhibit high selectivity and efficiency in labeling and can be used in cell lysates and live cells. More importantly, SALc-Yn offers versatility when integrated into multiple platforms by enabling proteome-wide quantitative profiling of cell nitration dynamics. Using SALc-Yn, 355 proteins were labeled, enriched, and identified to carry the 3AT modification in oxidatively stressed RAW264.7 cells. These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the involvement of 3AT as a critical intermediate in nitrated protein turnover. Moreover, our probes serve as powerful tools to investigate protein nitration and denitration processes, and the identification of 3AT-containing proteins contributes to our understanding of PTN dynamics and its implications in cellular redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Morningside
Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Morningside
Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Sun
- First
School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Catherine C.L. Wong
- First
School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Clinical Research
Institute, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Tsinghua-Peking
University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake
Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Meng Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Liu C, Yao P, Zhang L, Xie D, Lau WB, Tsukuda J, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Zhu D, Liu D, Zhang JR, Gao E, Ischiropoulos H, Koch W, Ma X, Wang Y. Nitrative Modification of Caveolin-3: A Novel Mechanism of Cardiac Insulin Resistance and a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Ischemic Heart Failure in Prediabetic Animals. Circulation 2023; 147:1162-1179. [PMID: 36883479 PMCID: PMC10085855 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetic cardiac injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrate that the diabetic heart is resistant to other cardioprotective interventions, including adiponectin and preconditioning. The "universal" resistance to multiple therapeutic interventions suggests impairment of the requisite molecule(s) involved in broad prosurvival signaling cascades. Cav (Caveolin) is a scaffolding protein coordinating transmembrane signaling transduction. However, the role of Cav3 in diabetic impairment of cardiac protective signaling and diabetic ischemic heart failure is unknown. METHODS Wild-type and gene-manipulated mice were fed a normal diet or high-fat diet for 2 to 12 weeks and subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Insulin cardioprotection was determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal diet group, the cardioprotective effect of insulin was significantly blunted as early as 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding (prediabetes), a time point where expression levels of insulin-signaling molecules remained unchanged. However, Cav3/insulin receptor-β complex formation was significantly reduced. Among multiple posttranslational modifications altering protein/protein interaction, Cav3 (not insulin receptor-β) tyrosine nitration is prominent in the prediabetic heart. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride reduced the signalsome complex and blocked insulin transmembrane signaling. Mass spectrometry identified Tyr73 as the Cav3 nitration site. Phenylalanine substitution of Tyr73 (Cav3Y73F) abolished 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride-induced Cav3 nitration, restored Cav3/insulin receptor-β complex, and rescued insulin transmembrane signaling. It is most important that adeno-associated virus 9-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific Cav3Y73F reexpression blocked high-fat diet-induced Cav3 nitration, preserved Cav3 signalsome integrity, restored transmembrane signaling, and rescued insulin-protective action against ischemic heart failure. Last, diabetic nitrative modification of Cav3 at Tyr73 also reduced Cav3/AdipoR1 complex formation and blocked adiponectin cardioprotective signaling. CONCLUSIONS Nitration of Cav3 at Tyr73 and resultant signal complex dissociation results in cardiac insulin/adiponectin resistance in the prediabetic heart, contributing to ischemic heart failure progression. Early interventions preserving Cav3-centered signalsome integrity is an effective novel strategy against diabetic exacerbation of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35005
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jumpei Tsukuda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Bernard Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - John Ry Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Walter Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35005
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Pandey AK, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Wells QS, Xiao W, Yadav S, Eroglu E, Michel T, Loscalzo J. Expression of CD70 Modulates NO and Redox Status in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1169-1185. [PMID: 35924558 PMCID: PMC9394499 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a critical component in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with NO levels and oxidative stress. Here, we report on novel findings linking endothelial expression of CD70 with alterations in NO and reactive oxygen species. METHODS CD70 expression was genetically manipulated in human aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Intracellular NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured using genetically encoded biosensors, and cellular phenotypes were assessed. RESULTS An unbiased phenome-wide association study demonstrated that polymorphisms in CD70 associate with vascular phenotypes. Endothelial cells treated with CD70-directed short-interfering RNA demonstrated impaired wound closure, decreased agonist-stimulated NO levels, and reduced eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein. This was accompanied by reduced NO bioactivity, increased 3-nitrotyrosine levels, and a decrease in the eNOS binding partner heat shock protein 90. Following treatment with the thioredoxin inhibitor auranofin or with agonist histamine, intracellular H2O2 levels increased up to 80% in the cytosol, plasmalemmal caveolae, and mitochondria. There was increased expression of NADPH oxidase 1 complex and gp91phox; expression of copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases was also elevated. CD70 knockdown reduced levels of the H2O2 scavenger catalase; by contrast, glutathione peroxidase 1 expression and activity were increased. CD70 overexpression enhanced endothelial wound closure, increased NO levels, and attenuated the reduction in eNOS mRNA induced by TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data establish CD70 as a novel regulatory protein in endothelial NO and reactive oxygen species homeostasis, with implications for human vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (Q.S.W.)
| | - Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Faculty for Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey (E.E.)
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.K.P., M.W.-W., W.X., S.Y., T.M., J.L.)
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Răzvan-Valentin S, Güler SA, Utkan T, Şahin TD, Gacar G, Yazir Y, Rencber SF, Mircea L, Cristian B, Bogdan P, Utkan NZ. Etanercept Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042138. [PMID: 35206342 PMCID: PMC8872388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and this relationship is probably mediated in part by inflammation. Objective: The current study evaluated the effects of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, on endothelial and vascular reactivity, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity, and serum and aortic concentrations of TNF-α in a diet-induced rat model. Design and results: Male weanling Wistar rats were exposed to a standard diet and cafeteria diet (CD) for 12 weeks and etanercept was administered during CD treatment. Isolated aortas of the rats were used for isometric tension recording. Carbachol-induced relaxant responses were impaired in CD-fed rats, while etanercept treatment improved these endothelium-dependent relaxations. No significant change was observed in papaverine- and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxant responses. eNOS expression decreased in CD-fed rats, but no change was observed between etanercept-treated CD-fed rats and control rats. CD significantly increased both the serum and the aortic levels of TNF-α, while etanercept treatment suppressed these elevated levels. CD resulted in a significant increase in the body weight of the rats. Etanercept-treated (ETA) CD-fed rats gained less weight than both CD-fed and control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scăunaşu Răzvan-Valentin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of General Medicine, “Coltea” Hospital, Carol Davila University, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (B.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.-V.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Sertaç Ata Güler
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (S.R.-V.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey; (T.U.); (T.D.Ş.)
- Experimental Medical Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Demirtaş Şahin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey; (T.U.); (T.D.Ş.)
| | - Gulcin Gacar
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey; (G.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey; (G.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey;
| | - Selenay Furat Rencber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey;
| | - Lupușoru Mircea
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of General Medicine, “Coltea” Hospital, Carol Davila University, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (B.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Bălălău Cristian
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of General Medicine, “Coltea” Hospital, Carol Davila University, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (B.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Popescu Bogdan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of General Medicine, “Coltea” Hospital, Carol Davila University, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (B.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Nihat Zafer Utkan
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey;
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5
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Fopiano KA, Jalnapurkar S, Davila AC, Arora V, Bagi Z. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - implications for Chronic Inflammatory Mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e310821195986. [PMID: 34488616 PMCID: PMC9413735 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210831144651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction (CMD) is now considered one of the key underlying pathologies responsible for the development of both acute and chronic cardiac complications. It has been long recognized that CMD contributes to coronary no-reflow, which occurs as an acute complication during percutaneous coronary interventions. More recently, CMD was proposed to play a mechanistic role in the development of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Emerging evidence indicates that a chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory activation predisposes patients to both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications raising the possibility that pro-inflammatory mediators serve as a mechanistic link in HFpEF. Few recent studies have evaluated the role of the hyaluronan-CD44 axis in inflammation-related cardiovascular pathologies, thus warranting further investigations. This review article summarizes current evidence for the role of CMD in the development of HFpEF, focusing on molecular mediators of chronic proinflammatory as well as oxidative stress mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches to consider for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Anne Fopiano
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sawan Jalnapurkar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alec C Davila
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vishal Arora
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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6
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Michell DL, Shihata WA, Andrews KL, Abidin NAZ, Jefferis AM, Sampson AK, Lumsden NG, Huet O, Parat MO, Jennings GL, Parton RG, Woollard KJ, Kaye DM, Chin-Dusting JPF, Murphy AJ. High intraluminal pressure promotes vascular inflammation via caveolin-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5894. [PMID: 33723357 PMCID: PMC7960707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology and progression of hypertension involves various endogenous systems, such as the renin angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous system, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data suggest that vascular inflammation may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine whether high intraluminal pressure results in vascular inflammation. Leukocyte adhesion was assessed in rat carotid arteries exposed to 1 h of high intraluminal pressure. The effect of intraluminal pressure on signaling mechanisms including reactive oxygen species production (ROS), arginase expression, and NFĸB translocation was monitored. 1 h exposure to high intraluminal pressure (120 mmHg) resulted in increased leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory gene expression in rat carotid arteries. High intraluminal pressure also resulted in a downstream signaling cascade of ROS production, arginase expression, and NFĸB translocation. This process was found to be angiotensin II-independent and mediated by the mechanosensor caveolae, as caveolin-1 (Cav1)-deficient endothelial cells and mice were protected from pressure-induced vascular inflammatory signaling and leukocyte adhesion. Cav1 deficiency also resulted in a reduction in pressure-induced glomerular macrophage infiltration in vivo. These findings demonstrate Cav1 is an important mechanosensor in pressure-induced vascular and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Michell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Karen L Andrews
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nurul Aisha Zainal Abidin
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Huet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Roma LP, Jonas JC. Nutrient Metabolism, Subcellular Redox State, and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1461-1493. [PMID: 31634466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of insulin resistance. Based on data obtained at the whole cell level using poorly specific chemical probes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by nutrients (positive role) and to the alterations of cell survival and secretory function in T2D (negative role). This raised the controversial hypothesis that any attempt to decrease β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in T2D would further impair insulin secretion. Over the last decade, the development of genetically-encoded redox probes that can be targeted to cellular compartments of interest and are specific of redox couples allowed the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of nutrients on β-cell redox changes at the subcellular level. The data indicated that the nutrient regulation of β-cell redox signaling and ROS toxicity is far more complex than previously thought and that the subcellular compartmentation of these processes cannot be neglected when evaluating the mechanisms of ROS production or the efficacy of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant drugs under glucolipotoxic conditions and in T2D. In this review, we present what is currently known about the compartmentation of redox homeostatic systems and tools to investigate it. We then review data about the effects of nutrients on β-cell subcellular redox state under normal conditions and in the context of T2D and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Roma
- Universität des Saarlandes, Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Kirbergerstrasse Building 48, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55 (B1.55.06), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Egorov YV, Lang D, Tyan L, Turner D, Lim E, Piro ZD, Hernandez JJ, Lodin R, Wang R, Schmuck EG, Raval AN, Ralphe CJ, Kamp TJ, Rosenshtraukh LV, Glukhov AV. Caveolae-Mediated Activation of Mechanosensitive Chloride Channels in Pulmonary Veins Triggers Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012748. [PMID: 31597508 PMCID: PMC6818041 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation often occurs in the setting of hypertension and associated atrial dilation with pathologically increased cardiomyocyte stretch. In the setting of atrial dilation, mechanoelectric feedback has been linked to the development of ectopic beats that trigger paroxysmal atrial fibrillation mainly originating from pulmonary veins (PVs). However, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods and Results We identify mechanosensitive, swelling‐activated chloride ion channels (ICl,swell) as a crucial component of the caveolar mechanosensitive complex in rat and human cardiomyocytes. In vitro optical mapping of rat PV, single rat PV, and human cardiomyocyte patch clamp studies showed that stretch‐induced activation of ICl,swell leads to membrane depolarization and decreased action potential amplitude, which trigger conduction discontinuities and both ectopic and reentrant activities within the PV. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that ICl,swell likely consists of at least 2 components produced by mechanosensitive ClC‐3 (chloride channel‐3) and SWELL1 (also known as LRRC8A [leucine rich repeat containing protein 8A]) chloride channels, which form a macromolecular complex with caveolar scaffolding protein Cav3 (caveolin 3). Downregulation of Cav3 protein expression and disruption of caveolae structures during chronic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats facilitates activation of ICl,swell and increases PV sensitivity to stretch 10‐ to 50‐fold, promoting the development of atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Our findings identify caveolae‐mediated activation of mechanosensitive ICl,swell as a critical cause of PV ectopic beats that can initiate atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. This mechanism is exacerbated in the setting of chronically elevated blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Egorov
- Laboratory of Heart ElectrophysiologyCardiology Research CentreMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Di Lang
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Evi Lim
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Zachary D. Piro
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Jonathan J. Hernandez
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
- Department of PediatricsPediatric CardiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Rylie Lodin
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Rose Wang
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Eric G. Schmuck
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Amish N. Raval
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Carter J. Ralphe
- Department of PediatricsPediatric CardiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
| | | | - Alexey V. Glukhov
- Department of MedicineCardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
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9
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Johnstone J, Nash S, Hernandez E, Rahman MS. Effects of elevated temperature on gonadal functions, cellular apoptosis, and oxidative stress in Atlantic sea urchin Arbacia punculata. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 149:40-49. [PMID: 31150926 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater temperature affects growth, reproduction and development in marine organisms. In this study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures on reproductive functions, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species) expressions, protein carbonyl (PC, an indicator of oxidative stress) contents, cellular apoptosis, and coelomic fluid (CF) conditions in Atlantic sea urchin. Sea urchins were housed in six aquaria with control (24 °C) and elevated temperatures (28 °C and 32 °C) for a 7-day period. After exposure, sea urchins exhibited decreased percentages of gametes (eggs/sperm), as well as increased HSP70 and NTP expressions in eggs and spermatogenic cells, increased gonadal apoptosis, and decreased CF pH compared to controls. PC contents were also significantly increased in gonadal tissues at higher temperatures. These results suggest that elevated temperature acidifies CF, increases oxidative stress and gonadal apoptosis, and results in impairment of reproductive functions in sea urchins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Johnstone
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Sarah Nash
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Eleazar Hernandez
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA; Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA.
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10
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DeVallance E, Branyan KW, Lemaster KC, Anderson R, Marshall KL, Olfert IM, Smith DM, Kelley EE, Bryner RW, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD. Exercise training prevents the perivascular adipose tissue-induced aortic dysfunction with metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101285. [PMID: 31374361 PMCID: PMC6669320 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of exercise training on improving the thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) phenotype (inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteasome function) in metabolic syndrome and its subsequent actions on aortic function. Methods Lean and obese (model of metabolic syndrome) Zucker rats (n=8/group) underwent 8-weeks of control conditions or treadmill exercise (70% of max speed, 1 h/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the intervention, the tPVAT was removed and conditioned media was made. The cleaned aorta was attached to a force transducer to assess endothelium-dependent and independent dilation in the presence or absence of tPVAT-conditioned media. tPVAT gene expression, inflammatory /oxidative phenotype, and proteasome function were assessed. Results The main findings were that Ex induced: (1) a beige-like, anti-inflammatory tPVAT phenotype; (2) a greater abundance of •NO in tPVAT; (3) a reduction in tPVAT oxidant production; and (4) an improved tPVAT proteasome function. Regarding aortic function, endothelium-dependent dilation was greater in exercised lean and obese groups vs. controls (p < 0.05). Lean control tPVAT improved aortic relaxation, whereas obese control tPVAT decreased aortic relaxation. In contrast, the obese Ex-tPVAT increased aortic dilation, whereas the lean Ex-tPVAT did not affect aortic dilation. Conclusion Overall, exercise had the most dramatic impact on the obese tPVAT reflecting a change towards an environment with less oxidant load, less inflammation and improved proteasome function. Such beneficial changes to the tPVAT micro-environment with exercise likely played a significant role in mediating the improvement in aortic function in metabolic syndrome following 8 weeks of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kayla W Branyan
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent C Lemaster
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ray Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent L Marshall
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Randy W Bryner
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Neuroscience, WVU School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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11
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Nordzieke DE, Medraño-Fernandez I. The Plasma Membrane: A Platform for Intra- and Intercellular Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7110168. [PMID: 30463362 PMCID: PMC6262572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes are of outmost importance to allow for specific signal transduction due to their ability to localize, amplify, and direct signals. However, due to the double-edged nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—toxic at high concentrations but essential signal molecules—subcellular localization of ROS-producing systems to the plasma membrane has been traditionally regarded as a protective strategy to defend cells from unwanted side-effects. Nevertheless, specialized regions, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, house and regulate the activated/inhibited states of important ROS-producing systems and concentrate redox targets, demonstrating that plasma membrane functions may go beyond acting as a securing lipid barrier. This is nicely evinced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases (NOX), enzymes whose primary function is to generate ROS and which have been shown to reside in specific lipid compartments. In addition, membrane-inserted bidirectional H2O2-transporters modulate their conductance precisely during the passage of the molecules through the lipid bilayer, ensuring time-scaled delivery of the signal. This review aims to summarize current evidence supporting the role of the plasma membrane as an organizing center that serves as a platform for redox signal transmission, particularly NOX-driven, providing specificity at the same time that limits undesirable oxidative damage in case of malfunction. As an example of malfunction, we explore several pathological situations in which an inflammatory component is present, such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders, to illustrate how dysregulation of plasma-membrane-localized redox signaling impacts normal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Nordzieke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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12
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González R, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Muntané J. Regulation of Cell Survival, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Translational Modifications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1312-1332. [PMID: 28795583 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiopathological messenger generating different reactive nitrogen species (RNS) according to hypoxic, acidic and redox conditions. Recent Advances: RNS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote relevant post-translational modifications, such as nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, in critical components of cell proliferation and death, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. CRITICAL ISSUES The pro- or antitumoral properties of NO are dependent on local concentration, redox state, cellular status, duration of exposure, and compartmentalization of NO generation. The increased expression of NO synthase has been associated with cancer progression. However, the experimental strategies leading to high intratumoral NO generation have been shown to exert antitumoral properties. The effect of NO and ROS on cell signaling is critically altered by factors modulating tumor progression such as oxygen content, metabolism, and inflammatory response. The review describes the alteration of key components involved in cell survival and death, metabolism, and metastasis induced by RNS- and ROS-related post-translational modifications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of the molecular targets affected by nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, as well as their interactions with other post-translational modifications, will improve the understanding on the complex signaling and cell fate decision in cancer. The therapeutic NO-based strategies have to address the complex crosstalk among NO and ROS with regard to critical components affecting tumor cell survival, metabolism, and metastasis in the progression of cancer, as well as close interaction with ionizing radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Molina-Ruiz
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
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13
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Alexandre EC, Calmasini FB, Sponton ACDS, de Oliveira MG, André DM, Silva FH, Delbin MA, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Influence of the periprostatic adipose tissue in obesity-associated mouse urethral dysfunction and oxidative stress: Effect of resveratrol treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 836:25-33. [PMID: 30102890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obese mice display overactive bladder (OAB) associated with impaired urethra smooth muscle (USM) function. In this study, we evaluated the role of the adipose tissue surrounding the urethra and prostate in obese mice (here referred as periprostatic adipose tissue; PPAT) to the USM dysfunction. Male C57BL6/JUnib mice fed with either a standard-chow or high-fat diet to induce obesity were used. In PPAT, histological analysis, and qPCR analysis for gp91phox, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were conducted. In USM, concentration-response curves to contractile and relaxing agents, as well as measurements of reactive-oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) levels were performed. The higher PPAT area in obese mice was accompanied by augmented gp91phox (NOX2) and TNF-α expressions, together with decreased SOD1 expression. In USM of obese group, the contractile responses to phenylephrine and vasopressin were increased, whereas the relaxations induced with glyceryl trinitrate were reduced. The reactive-oxygen species and NO levels in USM of obese mice were increased and decreased, respectively. A higher SOD expression was also detected in obese group whilst no changes in the gp91phox levels were observed. We next evaluated the effects of the antioxidant resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day, two-weeks, PO) in the functional alterations and NO levels of obese mice. Resveratrol treatment in obese mice reversed both the functional USM dysfunction and the reduced NO production. Our data show that PPAT exerts a local inflammatory response and increases oxidative stress that lead to urethral dysfunction. Resveratrol could be an auxiliary option to prevent obesity-associated urethral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Amanda C da S Sponton
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Diana M André
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fábio H Silva
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Maria Andréia Delbin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
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14
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Chatterjee S. Endothelial Mechanotransduction, Redox Signaling and the Regulation of Vascular Inflammatory Pathways. Front Physiol 2018; 9:524. [PMID: 29930512 PMCID: PMC5999754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium that lines the interior of blood vessels is directly exposed to blood flow. The shear stress arising from blood flow is “sensed” by the endothelium and is “transduced” into biochemical signals that eventually control vascular tone and homeostasis. Sensing and transduction of physical forces occur via signaling processes whereby the forces associated with blood flow are “sensed” by a mechanotransduction machinery comprising of several endothelial cell elements. Endothelial “sensing” involves converting the physical cues into cellular signaling events such as altered membrane potential and activation of kinases, which are “transmission” signals that cause oxidant production. Oxidants produced are the “transducers” of the mechanical signals? What is the function of these oxidants/redox signals? Extensive data from various studies indicate that redox signals initiate inflammation signaling pathways which in turn can compromise vascular health. Thus, inflammation, a major response to infection or endotoxins, can also be initiated by the endothelium in response to various flow patterns ranging from aberrant flow to alteration of flow such as cessation or sudden increase in blood flow. Indeed, our work has shown that endothelial mechanotransduction signaling pathways participate in generation of redox signals that affect the oxidant and inflammation status of cells. Our goal in this review article is to summarize the endothelial mechanotransduction pathways that are activated with stop of blood flow and with aberrant flow patterns; in doing so we focus on the complex link between mechanical forces and inflammation on the endothelium. Since this “inflammation susceptible” phenotype is emerging as a trigger for pathologies ranging from atherosclerosis to rejection post-organ transplant, an understanding of the endothelial machinery that triggers these processes is very crucial and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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DeVallance E, Branyan KW, Lemaster K, Olfert IM, Smith DM, Pistilli EE, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD. Aortic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome mediated by perivascular adipose tissue TNFα- and NOX2-dependent pathway. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:590-603. [PMID: 29349831 DOI: 10.1113/ep086818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) has been shown to impair vascular function, but the impact of thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT)-derived TNFα on tPVAT and aortic function in metabolic syndrome is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Release of TNFα by tPVAT causes production of reactive oxygen species in tPVAT through activation of an NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent pathway, activates production of aortic reactive oxygen species and mediates aortic stiffness, potentially through matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity. Neutralization of TNFα and/or inhibition of NOX2 blocks the tPVAT-induced impairment of aortic function. These data partly implicate tPVAT NOX2 and TNFα in mediating the vascular pathology of metabolic syndrome. ABSTRACT Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is recognized for its vasoactive effects, but it is unclear how metabolic syndrome impacts thoracic aorta (t)PVAT and the subsequent effect on functional and structural aortic stiffness. Thoracic aorta and tPVAT were removed from 16- to 17-week-old lean (LZR, n = 16) and obese Zucker rats (OZR, n = 16). The OZR presented with aortic endothelial dysfunction, assessed by wire myography, and increased aortic stiffness, assessed by elastic modulus. The OZR tPVAT exudate further exacerbated the endothelial dysfunction, reducing nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent relaxation (P < 0.05). Additionally, OZR tPVAT exudate had increased MMP9 activity (P < 0.05) and further increased the elastic modulus of the aorta after 72 h of co-culture (P < 0.05). We found that the observed aortic dysfunction caused by OZR tPVAT was mediated through increased production and release of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα; P < 0.01), which was dependent on tPVAT NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity. The OZR tPVAT release of reactive oxygen species and subsequent aortic dysfunction were inhibited by TNFα neutralization and/or inhibition of NOX2. Additionally, we found that OZR tPVAT had reduced activity of the active sites of the 20S proteasome (P < 0.05) and reduced superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.01). In conclusion, metabolic syndrome causes tPVAT dysfunction through an interplay between TNFα and NOX2 that leads to tPVAT-mediated aortic stiffness by activation of aortic reactive oxygen species and increased MMP9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kayla W Branyan
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent Lemaster
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emidio E Pistilli
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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16
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Tao L, Nie Y, Wang G, Ding Y, Ding J, Xiong F, Tang S, Wang Y, Zhou B, Zhu H. All‑trans retinoic acid reduces endothelin‑1 expression and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in rabbits with atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2619-2625. [PMID: 29207193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural derivative of vitamin A that ameliorates atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating inflammatory factors. However, studies concerning the role of retinoic acid in artery endothelial function are rare. Therefore, the present study investigated its role in regulating the production of endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) and nitric oxide (NO) in rabbits with AS. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: The control group was administered an ordinary diet, while the high fat group and the ATRA drug intervention group were administered a high fat diet. After 12 weeks, the blood lipid levels of rabbits, the morphological structure of the arterial wall, the arterial intimal permeability, the activity of blood endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the level of plasma NO were investigated. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of ET‑1, eNOS and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser‑1177 (p‑eNOS), and a radioimmunoassay was performed to detect the level of ET‑1 in the plasma. It was identified that plaque formation was alleviated in the ATRA group compared with the high fat group, as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining, and a similar trend was reflected in the immunofluorescence results for endothelial permeability. Western blotting demonstrated significantly decreased ET‑1 expression levels in the arterial tissue of rabbits in the ATRA group compared with the high fat group, together with increased p‑eNOS level (P<0.05), however, no difference was observed in the expression of eNOS (P>0.05). The trends observed for ET‑1 and the activity of eNOS in plasma were similar to those for arterial tissue. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that ATRA may regulate the grade of AS by the reduction of ET‑1 secretion and increased NO formation via increased phosphorylation of eNOS. ATRA provides a potential novel method for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ganxian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Junli Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Xiong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Birong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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17
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Shihata WA, Putra MRA, Chin-Dusting JPF. Is There a Potential Therapeutic Role for Caveolin-1 in Fibrosis? Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 28970796 PMCID: PMC5609631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a process of dysfunctional wound repair, described by a failure of tissue regeneration and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue scarring and subsequent organ deterioration. There are a broad range of stimuli that may trigger, and exacerbate the process of fibrosis, which can contribute to the growing rates of morbidity and mortality. Whilst the process of fibrosis is widely described and understood, there are no current standard treatments that can reduce or reverse the process effectively, likely due to the continuing knowledge gaps surrounding the cellular mechanisms involved. Several cellular targets have been implicated in the regulation of the fibrotic process including membrane domains, ion channels and more recently mechanosensors, specifically caveolae, particularly since these latter contain various signaling components, such as members of the TGFβ and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, all of which are key players in the process of fibrosis. This review explores the anti-fibrotic influences of the caveola, and in particular the key underpinning protein, caveolin-1, and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled A Shihata
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad R A Putra
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Koka S, Xia M, Chen Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Boini KM, Li PL. Endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and arterial neointima formation associated with acid sphingomyelinase during hypercholesterolemia. Redox Biol 2017. [PMID: 28633109 PMCID: PMC5479959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be activated by atherogenic factors, whereby endothelial injury and consequent atherosclerotic lesions are triggered in the arterial wall. However, the mechanisms activating and regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes remain poorly understood. The present study tested whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide associated membrane raft (MR) signaling platforms contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and atherosclerotic lesions during hypercholesterolemia. We found that 7-ketocholesterol (7-Keto) or cholesterol crystal (ChC) markedly increased the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse carotid arterial endothelial cells (CAECs), as shown by increased colocalization of NLRP3 with ASC or caspase-1, enhanced caspase-1 activity and elevated IL-1β levels, which were markedly attenuated by mouse Asm siRNA, ASM inhibitor- amitriptyline, and deletion of mouse Asm gene. In CAECs with NLRP3 inflammasome formation, membrane raft (MR) clustering with NADPH oxidase subunits was found remarkably increased as shown by CTXB (MR marker) and gp91phox aggregation indicating the formation of MR redox signaling platforms. This MR clustering was blocked by MR disruptor (MCD), ROS scavenger (Tempol) and TXNIP inhibitor (verapamil), accompanied by attenuation of 7-Keto or ChC-induced increase in caspase-1 activity. In animal experiments, Western diet fed mice with partially ligated left carotid artery (PLCA) were found to have significantly increased neointimal formation, which was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in the intima of Asm+/+ mice but not in Asm-/- mice. These results suggest that Asm gene and ceramide associated MR clustering are essential to endothelial inflammasome activation and dysfunction in the carotid arteries, ultimately determining the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. ASM mediates 7-Keto or ChC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CAECs. Asm gene is essential to enhanced atherosclerotic lesions in the PLCA of mice. ASM-NLRP3 inflammasome mediate7-Keto or ChC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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19
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Niaudet C, Bonnaud S, Guillonneau M, Gouard S, Gaugler MH, Dutoit S, Ripoche N, Dubois N, Trichet V, Corre I, Paris F. Plasma membrane reorganization links acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide to p38 MAPK pathways in endothelial cells apoptosis. Cell Signal 2017; 33:10-21. [PMID: 28179144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential in the cellular response to stress stimuli, in particular in the endothelial cells that are major target of external stress. The importance of the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase is also firmly established in stress-induced endothelial apoptotic cell death. Despite a suggested link between the p38 MAPK and ceramide pathways, the exact molecular events of this connection remain elusive. In the present study, by using two different activators of p38 MAPK, namely anisomycin and ionizing radiation, we depicted how ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase was involved in p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis of endothelial cells. We first proved that both anisomycin and ionizing radiation conducted to apoptosis through activation of p38 MAPK in human microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1. We then found that both treatments induced activation of acid sphingomyelinase and the generation of ceramide. This step was required for p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis. We finally showed that irradiation, as well as treatment with exogenous C16-ceramide or bacterial sphingomyelinase, induced in endothelial cells a deep reorganization of the plasma membrane with formation of large lipid platforms at the cell surface, leading to p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Altogether, our results proved that the plasma membrane reorganization leading to ceramide production is essential for stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis in endothelial cells and established the link between the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Niaudet
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie-Hélène Gaugler
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; IRSN, Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Soizic Dutoit
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Dubois
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Corre
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Laboratoire de Biologie du Cancer et Théranostique, ICO, Saint-Herblain, France.
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20
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Shihata WA, Michell DL, Andrews KL, Chin-Dusting JPF. Caveolae: A Role in Endothelial Inflammation and Mechanotransduction? Front Physiol 2016; 7:628. [PMID: 28066261 PMCID: PMC5168557 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation and disease progression, such as atherosclerosis, are in part a consequence of haemodynamic forces generated by changes in blood flow. The haemodynamic forces, such as shear stress or stretch, interact with vascular endothelial cells, which transduce the mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals via mechanosensors, which can induce an upregulation in pathways involved in inflammatory signaling. However, it is unclear how these mechanosensors respond to shear stress and most significantly what cellular mechanisms are involved in sensing the haemodynamic stimuli. This review explores the transition from shear forces, stretch and pressure to endothelial inflammation and the process of mechanotransduction, specifically highlighting evidence to suggest that caveolae play as a role as mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled A Shihata
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen L Andrews
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Cong W, Niu C, Lv L, Ni M, Ruan D, Chi L, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhan K, Xuan Y, Wang Y, Tan Y, Wei T, Cai L, Jin L. Metallothionein Prevents Age-Associated Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway Activation and Associated Nitrative Damage to 2-OGD. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:936-952. [PMID: 27477335 PMCID: PMC5144888 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac-specific metallothionein (MT) overexpression extends lifespan, but the mechanism underlying the effect of MT protection against age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains elusive. To elucidate this, male wild-type and two lines of MT-transgenic (MT-TG) mice, MM and MT-1 (cardiac-specific overexpressing MT about 10- and 80-fold, respectively) at three representative ages (2-3, 9-10, and 18-20 months), were utilized. A stable human MT2A overexpressing cardiomyocytes (H9c2MT7) was also introduced. RESULTS Histomorphology and echocardiographic analysis revealed that age-associated cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and dysfunction were ameliorated in MT-TG mice. Also, aging-accompanied NF-κB activation, characterized by increased nuclear p65 translocation, elevated DNA-binding activity, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, was largely attenuated by MT overexpression. Treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which mimicked an inflammatory environment, significantly increased NF-κB activity, and some age-related phenotypes appeared. The NF-κB activation was further proved to be pivotal for both age-associated and TNF-α-induced nitrative damage to cardiac 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGD) by virtue of NF-κB p65 gene silencing. MT inhibited NF-κB activation and associated nitrative damage to cardiac 2-OGD in both old MT-TG hearts and TNF-α-treated H9c2MT7 cardiomyocytes; these protective effects were abolished in H9c2MT7 cardiomyocytes by MT-specific gene silencing. Innovation and Conclusion: Together, these findings indicate that the protective effects of MT against age-associated CVD can be attributed mainly to its role in NF-κB inhibition and resultant alleviation of nitrative damage to 2-OGD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 936-952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lingchun Lv
- 2 The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Maowei Ni
- 3 Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- 4 The Health Examination Center , the 117th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Chi
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- 5 Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kungao Zhan
- 6 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- 7 The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China .,8 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tiemin Wei
- 2 The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cai
- 7 The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P.R. China .,8 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Litai Jin
- 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, P.R. China
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22
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Martín MA, Ramos S. Cocoa polyphenols in oxidative stress: Potential health implications. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Allen DG, Whitehead NP, Froehner SC. Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:253-305. [PMID: 26676145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further connections via laminin to other extracellular matrix proteins. Initially considered a structural complex that protected the sarcolemma from mechanical damage, the DPC is now known to serve as a scaffold for numerous signaling proteins. Absence or reduced expression of dystrophin or many of the DPC components cause the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited diseases in which repeated bouts of muscle damage lead to atrophy and fibrosis, and eventually muscle degeneration. The normal function of dystrophin is poorly defined. In its absence a complex series of changes occur with multiple muscle proteins showing reduced or increased expression or being modified in various ways. In this review, we will consider the various proteins whose expression and function is changed in muscular dystrophies, focusing on Ca(2+)-permeable channels, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and caveolins. Excessive Ca(2+) entry, increased membrane permeability, disordered caveolar function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species are early changes in the disease, and the hypotheses for these phenomena will be critically considered. The aim of the review is to define the early damage pathways in muscular dystrophy which might be appropriate targets for therapy designed to minimize the muscle degeneration and slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Allen
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Sydney Medical School & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Giustarini D, Galvagni F, Tesei A, Farolfi A, Zanoni M, Pignatta S, Milzani A, Marone IM, Dalle-Donne I, Nassini R, Rossi R. Glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and S-glutathionylated proteins in cell cultures. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:972-81. [PMID: 26476010 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the global thiol-disulfide redox status in tissues and cells is a challenging task since thiols and disulfides can undergo artificial oxido-reductions during sample manipulation. Because of this, the measured values, in particular for disulfides, can have a significant bias. Whereas this methodological problem has already been addressed in samples of red blood cells and solid tissues, a reliable method to measure thiols and disulfides in cell cultures has not been previously reported. Here, we demonstrate that the major artifact occurring during thiol and disulfide analysis in cultured cells is represented by glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and S-glutathionylated proteins (PSSG) overestimation, due to artificial oxidation of glutathione (GSH) during sample manipulation, and that this methodological problem can be solved by the addition of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) immediately after culture medium removal. Basal levels of GSSG and PSSG in different lines of cultured cells were 3-5 and 10-20 folds higher, respectively, when the cells were processed without NEM. NEM pre-treatment also prevented the artificial reduction of disulfides that occurs during the pre-analytical phase when cells are exposed to an oxidant stimulus. In fact, in the absence of NEM, after medium removal, GSH, GSSG and PSSG levels restored their initial values within 15-30 min, due to the activity of reductases and the lack of the oxidant. The newly developed protocol was used to measure the thiol-disulfide redox status in 16 different line cells routinely used for biomedical research both under basal conditions and after treatment with disulfiram, a thiol-specific oxidant (0-200 μM concentration range). Our data indicate that, in most cell lines, treatment with disulfiram affected the levels of GSH and GSSG only at the highest concentration. On the other hand, PSSG levels increased significantly also at the lower concentrations of the drug, and the rise was remarkable (from 100 to 1000 folds at 200 μM concentration) and dose-dependent for almost all the cell lines. These data support the suitability of the analysis of PSSG in cultured cells as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Piero Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Piero Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Piero Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, via Piero Maroncelli 40, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria M Marone
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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25
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Walsh KP, Kuhn TB, Bamburg JR. Cellular prion protein: A co-receptor mediating neuronal cofilin-actin rod formation induced by β-amyloid and proinflammatory cytokines. Prion 2015; 8:375-80. [PMID: 25426519 DOI: 10.4161/pri.35504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that proteins exhibiting "prion-like" behavior cause distinct neurodegenerative diseases, including inherited, sporadic and acquired types. The conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) to its infectious protease resistant counterpart (PrP(Res)) is the essential feature of prion diseases. However, PrP(C) also performs important functions in transmembrane signaling, especially in neurodegenerative processes. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) synaptotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction in mouse models of Alzheimer disease are mediated by a PrP(C)-dependent pathway. Here we review how this pathway converges with proinflammatory cytokine signaling to activate membrane NADPH oxidase (NOX) and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. The NOX signaling pathway may also be integrated with those of other transmembrane receptors clustered in PrP(C)-enriched membrane domains. Such a signal convergence along the PrP(C)-NOX axis could explain the relevance of PrP(C) in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including neuroinflammatory-mediated alterations in synaptic function following traumatic brain injury. PrP(C) overexpression alone activates NOX and generates a local increase in ROS that initiates cofilin activation and formation of cofilin-saturated actin bundles (rods). Rods sequester cofilin from synaptic regions where it is required for plasticity associated with learning and memory. Rods can also interrupt vesicular transport by occluding the neurite within which they form. Through either or both mechanisms, rods may directly mediate the synaptic dysfunction that accompanies various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keifer P Walsh
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; Colorado State University ; Fort Collins , CO USA
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26
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Woitek F, Zentilin L, Hoffman NE, Powers JC, Ottiger I, Parikh S, Kulczycki AM, Hurst M, Ring N, Wang T, Shaikh F, Gross P, Singh H, Kolpakov MA, Linke A, Houser SR, Rizzo V, Sabri A, Madesh M, Giacca M, Recchia FA. Intracoronary Cytoprotective Gene Therapy: A Study of VEGF-B167 in a Pre-Clinical Animal Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:139-53. [PMID: 26160630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B activates cytoprotective/antiapoptotic and minimally angiogenic mechanisms via VEGF receptors. Therefore, VEGF-B might be an ideal candidate for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which displays modest microvascular rarefaction and increased rate of apoptosis. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated VEGF-B gene therapy in a canine model of tachypacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS Chronically instrumented dogs underwent cardiac tachypacing for 28 days. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 viral vectors carrying VEGF-B167 genes were infused intracoronarily at the beginning of the pacing protocol or during compensated heart failure. Moreover, we tested a novel VEGF-B167 transgene controlled by the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, VEGF-B167 markedly preserved diastolic and contractile function and attenuated ventricular chamber remodeling, halting the progression from compensated to decompensated heart failure. Atrial natriuretic factor-VEGF-B167 expression was low in normally functioning hearts and stimulated by cardiac pacing; it thus functioned as an ideal therapeutic transgene, active only under pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results, obtained with a standard technique of interventional cardiology in a clinically relevant animal model, support VEGF-B167 gene transfer as an affordable and effective new therapy for nonischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Woitek
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicholas E Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffery C Powers
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabel Ottiger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suraj Parikh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna M Kulczycki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marykathryn Hurst
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nadja Ring
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harinder Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikhail A Kolpakov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Axel Linke
- University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology/Internal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Souabni H, Machillot P, Baciou L. Contribution of lipid environment to NADPH oxidase activity: influence of sterol. Biochimie 2015; 107 Pt A:33-42. [PMID: 25448770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH-oxidase complex, which plays beneficial or detrimental role in the inflammatory and degenerative diseases, is a membrane multi-subunit complex tightly regulated in order to produce superoxide anions, precursor of oxygen reactive species (ROS), in cells. The flavocytochrome b(558) (Cytb(558)) is the catalytic core of the NADPH oxidase which consists of two membrane proteins gp91(phox) (highly glycosylated) and p22(phox). In this work we took advantage of heterologous yeast cells engineered to express wild-type bovine Cytb(558) to analyze the properties of the NADPH oxidase activity during the biosynthesis processing steps of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (Pmb). Our data showed that, in yeast, the heterodimerization at the endoplasmic reticulum membranes was concomitant with high level glycosylation of gp91(phox) and the heme acquisition. This study also demonstrated that the phagocyte NADPH oxidase was active at ER membranes and that this activity was surprisingly higher at the ER compared to the Pmb membranes. We have correlated these findings with the presence of sterols in the plasma membranes and their absence in ER membranes. This correlation was confirmed by decreased superoxide anion production rates in proteoliposomes supplemented with ergosterol or cholesterol. Our data support the idea that membrane environment might be determinant for ROS regulation and that sterols could directly interact with the membrane proteins of the NADPH oxidase constraining its capacity to produce superoxide anions.
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28
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Li PL, Zhang Y. Lysosomal Molecular Derangements in Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Rizzo V. The Role of Caveolae and Caveolins in Atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Shao Y, Cheng Z, Li X, Chernaya V, Wang H, Yang XF. Immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory cytokines directly and indirectly inhibit endothelial dysfunction--a novel mechanism for maintaining vascular function. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:80. [PMID: 25387998 PMCID: PMC4236671 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological status of the vascular system, which can be broadly defined as an imbalance between endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the progression of many pathological processes including atherosclerosis, type II diabetes and hypertension. Previous reports have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory/immunoeffector cytokines significantly promote endothelial dysfunction while numerous novel anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines have recently been identified such as interleukin (IL)-35. However, the effects of anti-inflammatory cytokines on endothelial dysfunction have received much less attention. In this analytical review, we focus on the recent progress attained in characterizing the direct and indirect effects of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines in the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction. Our analyses are not only limited to the importance of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease progression, but also expand into the molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction by anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines. Our review suggests that anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokines serve as novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation and cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Valeria Chernaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Xiao-feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 1059, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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31
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Bettaieb A, Vazquez Prieto MA, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Miatello RM, Haj FG, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin mitigates high-fructose-associated insulin resistance by modulating redox signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:247-56. [PMID: 24746618 PMCID: PMC4077617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the capacity of dietary (-)-epicatechin (EC) to mitigate insulin resistance through the modulation of redox-regulated mechanisms in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Adolescent rats were fed a regular chow diet without or with high fructose (HFr; 10% w/v) in drinking water for 8 weeks, and a group of HFr-fed rats was supplemented with EC in the diet. HFr-fed rats developed insulin resistance, which was mitigated by EC supplementation. Accordingly, the activation of components of the insulin signaling cascade (insulin receptor, IRS1, Akt, and ERK1/2) was impaired, whereas negative regulators (PKC, IKK, JNK, and PTP1B) were upregulated in the liver and adipose tissue of HFr rats. These alterations were partially or totally prevented by EC supplementation. In addition, EC inhibited events that contribute to insulin resistance: HFr-associated increased expression and activity of NADPH oxidase, activation of redox-sensitive signals, expression of NF-κB-regulated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and some sub-arms of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate that EC supplementation can mitigate HFr-induced insulin resistance and are relevant for defining interventions that can prevent/mitigate MetS-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Roberto M Miatello
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - César G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Physical Chemistry-IBIMOL, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Hahn WS, Kuzmicic J, Burrill JS, Donoghue MA, Foncea R, Jensen MD, Lavandero S, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA. Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1033-45. [PMID: 24595304 PMCID: PMC4010657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00422.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and the chronic low-grade production of inflammatory cytokines have been mechanistically linked to the development of insulin resistance, the forerunner of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we evaluated the chronic effects of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β on adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and morphology using the 3T3-L1 model cell system. TNFα treatment of cultured adipocytes led to significant changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including increased proton leak, decreased ΔΨm, increased basal respiration, and decreased ATP turnover. In contrast, although IL-6 and IL-1β decreased maximal respiratory capacity, they had no effect on ΔΨm and varied effects on ATP turnover, proton leak, or basal respiration. Only TNFα treatment of 3T3-L1 cells led to an increase in oxidative stress (as measured by superoxide anion production and protein carbonylation) and C16 ceramide synthesis. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with cytokines led to decreased mRNA expression of key transcription factors and control proteins implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1α and eNOS as well as deceased expression of COX IV and Cyt C. Whereas each cytokine led to effects on expression of mitochondrial markers, TNFα exclusively led to mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased the total level of OPA1 while increasing OPA1 cleavage, without expression of levels of mitofusin 2, DRP-1, or mitofilin being affected. In summary, these results indicate that inflammatory cytokines have unique and specialized effects on adipocyte metabolism, but each leads to decreased mitochondrial function and a reprogramming of fat cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Caveolin 1 is critical for abdominal aortic aneurysm formation induced by angiotensin II and inhibition of lysyl oxidase. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:785-94. [PMID: 24329494 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although AngII (angiotensin II) and its receptor AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) have been implicated in AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) formation, the proximal signalling events primarily responsible for AAA formation remain uncertain. Caveolae are cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains that serve as a signalling platform to facilitate the temporal and spatial localization of signal transduction events, including those stimulated by AngII. Cav1 (caveolin 1)-enriched caveolae in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17)-dependent EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) transactivation, which is linked to vascular remodelling induced by AngII. In the present study, we have tested our hypothesis that Cav1 plays a critical role for the development of AAA at least in part via its specific alteration of AngII signalling within caveolae. Cav1-/- mice and the control wild-type mice were co-infused with AngII and β-aminopropionitrile to induce AAA. We found that Cav1-/- mice with the co-infusion did not develop AAA compared with control mice in spite of hypertension. We found an increased expression of ADAM17 and enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR in AAA. These events were markedly attenuated in Cav1-/- aortas with the co-infusion. Furthermore, aortas from Cav1-/- mice with the co-infusion showed less endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses compared with aortas from control mice. Cav1 silencing in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells prevented AngII-induced ADAM17 induction and activation. In conclusion, Cav1 appears to play a critical role in the formation of AAA and associated endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress, presumably through the regulation of caveolae compartmentalized signals induced by AngII.
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Crowley SD. The cooperative roles of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:102-20. [PMID: 23472597 PMCID: PMC3880899 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Innate and adaptive immunity play fundamental roles in the development of hypertension and its complications. As effectors of the cell-mediated immune response, myeloid cells and T lymphocytes protect the host organism from infection by attacking foreign intruders with bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RECENT ADVANCES While these ROS may help to preserve the vascular tone and thereby protect against circulatory collapse in the face of overwhelming infection, aberrant elaboration of ROS triggered by immune cells in the absence of a hemodynamic insult can lead to pathologic increases in blood pressure. Conversely, misdirected oxidative stress in cardiovascular control organs, including the vasculature, the kidney, and the nervous system potentiates inflammatory responses, augmenting blood pressure elevation and inciting target organ damage. CRITICAL ISSUES Inflammation and oxidative stress thereby act as cooperative and synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Pharmacologic interventions for hypertensive patients will need to exploit this robust bidirectional relationship between ROS generation and immune activation in cardiovascular control organs to maximize therapeutic benefit, while limiting off-target side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers , Durham, North Carolina
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Serum bilirubin may serve as a marker for increased heme oxygenase activity and inducibility in tissues--a rationale for the versatile health protection associated with elevated plasma bilirubin. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:607-10. [PMID: 23932761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin functions intracellularly as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complexes, and albumin-bound bilirubin contributes significantly to the oxidant scavenging activity of plasma. So it is not surprising that serum levels of bilirubin have been found to correlate inversely with risk for vascular diseases and a host of other disorders. Nonetheless, recent Mendelian randomization analyses reveal that individuals who carry low expression alleles of the hepatic bilirubin conjugating enzyme UGT1A1, and hence have somewhat elevated levels of plasma bilirubin throughout life, are not at decreased risk for vascular disorders. This likely reflects the fact that, in most people, plasma levels of unconjugated, unbound bilirubin--the fraction of bilirubin capable of fluxing back into cells--are so low (near 1 nM) that they can exert only a trivial antioxidant influence on cells. In light of these findings, it is reasonable to propose that the inverse correlation of plasma bilirubin and disease risks noted in many studies often reflect the fact that elevated plasma bilirubin can serve as a marker for an increased propensity to generate bilirubin within cells. Consistent with this view, high expression alleles of the major enzymatic source of bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), do associate with decreased vascular risk in the majority of studies that have addressed this issue, and increased plasma bilirubin has been reported in carriers of these alleles. Hence, the consistent reduction in vascular risk noted in people with Gilbert syndrome (traditionally defined as having serum bilirubin in excess of 20 μM) is likely attributable to an increased rate of bilirubin generation within tissues, rather than to the decreased hepatic UGT1A1 activity that characterizes this syndrome. However, there is good reason to suspect that, at some sufficiently high plasma bilirubin level--as in individuals with very intense Gilbert syndrome or in Gunn rats lacking UGT1A1 activity--the plasma bilirubin pool does indeed provide some antioxidant protection to cells. Strategies for boosting bilirubin production within cells via HO-1 induction, or for mimicking bilirubin's antioxidant activity with cyanobacterial phycobilins, may have important potential for health promotion.
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Paradela-Dobarro B, Castiñeiras-Landeira MI, Raposeiras-Roubín S, González-Juanatey JR, Álvarez E. Current status of NADPH oxidase research in cardiovascular pharmacology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:401-28. [PMID: 23983473 PMCID: PMC3750863 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s33053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease have been known for some decades. Rationally, therapeutic antioxidant strategies combating oxidative stress have been developed, but the results of clinical trials have not been as good as expected. Therefore, to move forward in the design of new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease based on prevention of production of reactive oxygen species, steps must be taken on two fronts, ie, comprehension of reduction-oxidation signaling pathways and the pathophysiologic roles of reactive oxygen species, and development of new, less toxic, and more selective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors, to clarify both the role of each NADPH oxidase isoform and their utility in clinical practice. In this review, we analyze the value of NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease and the old and new pharmacologic agents or strategies to prevent NADPH oxidase activity. Some inhibitors and different direct or indirect approaches are available. Regarding direct NADPH oxidase inhibition, the specificity of NADPH oxidase is the focus of current investigations, whereas the chemical structure-activity relationship studies of known inhibitors have provided pharmacophore models with which to search for new molecules. From a general point of view, small-molecule inhibitors are preferred because of their hydrosolubility and oral bioavailability. However, other possibilities are not closed, with peptide inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies against NADPH oxidase isoforms continuing to be under investigation as well as the ongoing search for naturally occurring compounds. Likewise, some different approaches include inhibition of assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex, subcellular translocation, post-transductional modifications, calcium entry/release, electron transfer, and genetic expression. High-throughput screens for any of these activities could provide new inhibitors. All this knowledge and the research presently underway will likely result in development of new drugs for inhibition of NADPH oxidase and application of therapeutic approaches based on their action, for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
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Potential for preventive effects of cocoa and cocoa polyphenols in cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:336-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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McDonald DM, O'Kane F, McConville M, Devine AB, McVeigh GE. Platelet redox balance in diabetic patients with hypertension improved by n-3 fatty acids. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:998-1005. [PMID: 23238663 PMCID: PMC3609528 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, largely as a result of defective production of cardioprotective nitric oxide and a concomitant rise in oxidative stress. Dietary interventions that could reverse this trend would be extremely beneficial. Here we investigated whether dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation positively affected platelet nitroso-redox imbalance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomized hypertensive T2DM patients (T2DM HT; n = 22) and age-and-sex matched hypertensive study participants without diabetes (HT alone; n = 23) in a double-blind, crossover fashion to receive 8 weeks of n-3 PUFAs (1.8 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid) or identical olive oil capsules (placebo), with an intervening 8-week washout period. Platelet nitrite and superoxide were measured and compared before and after treatment; 8-isoprostane was determined by ELISA and subcellular compartmentalization of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47-phox examined by Western blotting. RESULTS The n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced 8-isoprostane and superoxide levels in platelets from T2DM HT, but not HT alone, participants, without effect on nitrite production. This coincided with a significant decrease in p47-phox membrane localization and a similar reduction in superoxide to that achieved with apocynin. At baseline, a subcohort of T2DM HT and HT alone participants showed evidence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived superoxide production, indicating defective enzymatic activity. This was reversed significantly in T2DM HT participants after treatment, demonstrating improved NOS function. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that n-3 PUFAs diminish platelet superoxide production in T2DM HT patients in vivo suggests a therapeutic role for these agents in reducing the vascular-derived oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M McDonald
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Yang SJ, Chen CY, Chang GD, Wen HC, Chen CY, Chang SC, Liao JF, Chang CH. Activation of Akt by advanced glycation end products (AGEs): involvement of IGF-1 receptor and caveolin-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58100. [PMID: 23472139 PMCID: PMC3589465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which in turn facilitates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs activate signaling proteins such as Src, Akt and ERK1/2. However, the mechanisms by which AGEs activate these kinases remain unclear. We examined the effect of AGEs on Akt activation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Addition of AGEs to 3T3-L1 cells activated Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The AGEs-stimulated Akt activation was blocked by a PI3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002, Src inhibitor PP2, an antioxidant NAC, superoxide scavenger Tiron, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase inhibitor DPI, suggesting the involvement of Src and NAD(P)H oxidase in the activation of PI3-kinase-Akt pathway by AGEs. AGEs-stimulated Src tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by NAC, suggesting that Src is downstream of NAD(P)H oxidase. The AGEs-stimulated Akt activity was sensitive to Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) kinase inhibitor AG1024. Furthermore, AGEs induced phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptorβsubunit (IGF-1Rβ) on Tyr1135/1136, which was sensitive to PP2, indicating that AGEs stimulate Akt activity by transactivating IGF-1 receptor. In addition, the AGEs-stimulated Akt activation was attenuated by β-methylcyclodextrin that abolishes the structure of caveolae, and by lowering caveolin-1 (Cav-1) levels with siRNAs. Furthermore, addition of AGEs enhanced the interaction of phospho-Cav-1 with IGF-1Rβ and transfection of 3T3-L1 cells with Cav-1 Y14F mutants inhibited the activation of Akt by AGEs. These results suggest that AGEs activate NAD(P)H oxidase and Src which in turn phosphorylates IGF-1 receptor and Cav-1 leading to activation of IGF-1 receptor and the downstream Akt in 3T3-L1 cells. AGEs treatment promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and addition of AG1024, LY 294002 or Akt inhibitor attenuated the promoting effect of AGEs on adipogenesis, suggesting that IGF-1 receptor, PI3-Kinase and Akt are involved in the facilitation of adipogenesis by AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chin Wen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chuan Chang
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SCC); (CHC)
| | - Jyh-Fei Liao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ho Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SCC); (CHC)
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Palmieri D, Perego P, Palombo D. Estrogen Receptor Activation Protects Against TNF-α-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Angiology 2013; 65:17-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319713477909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lack of estrogen is a cause of cardiovascular disease in men and postmenopausal women. We examined the effects of estrogen receptor (ERs) activation/inactivation on endothelial cells subjected to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, which is involved in vascular disease pathogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 9 expression, as well as protein kinase B (PKB) activation were evaluated as markers of endothelial dysfunction. The TNF-α induces eNOS and MMP-9 expression and PKB activation. The ER activation by apigenin, a nonsteroidal compound with estrogen-like activity mediated through ER binding-dependent pathways, counteracts these effects. These effects are reversed by classic (ER-α and ER-β) and nonclassic (G-protein-coupled receptor) ER inhibitors (ICI182 780 and pertussis toxin, respectively). Our data suggest that ER activation counteracts endothelial dysfunction induced by TNF-α. The use of ER activators, such as apigenin, may represent a strategy to prevent vascular disease associated with endothelial dysfunction, while avoiding the feminizing effects of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palmieri
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Biology, DISC, University Hospital IRCCS San Martino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering “G.B. Bonino”, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Biology, DISC, University Hospital IRCCS San Martino, Italy
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Gortan Cappellari G, Losurdo P, Mazzucco S, Panizon E, Jevnicar M, Macaluso L, Fabris B, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Carretta R, Zanetti M. Treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reverses endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental menopause. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:371-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li X, Han WQ, Boini KM, Xia M, Zhang Y, Li PL. TRAIL death receptor 4 signaling via lysosome fusion and membrane raft clustering in coronary arterial endothelial cells: evidence from ASM knockout mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:25-36. [PMID: 23108456 PMCID: PMC3537912 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor, death receptor 4 (DR4), have been implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the signaling mechanism mediating DR4 activation leading to endothelial injury remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that ceramide production via hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin by acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) results in membrane raft (MR) clustering and the formation of important redox signaling platforms, which play a crucial role in amplifying redox signaling in endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction. The present study aims to investigate whether TRAIL triggers MR clustering via lysosome fusion and ASM activation, thereby conducting transmembrane redox signaling and changing endothelial function. Using confocal microscopy, we found that TRAIL induced MR clustering and co-localized with DR4 in coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs) isolated from wild-type (Smpd1 (+/+)) mice. Furthermore, TRAIL triggered ASM translocation, ceramide production, and NADPH oxidase aggregation in MR clusters in Smpd1 ( +/+ ) CAECs, whereas these observations were not found in Smpd1 (-/-) CAECs. Moreover, ASM deficiency reduced TRAIL-induced O(2) (-[Symbol: see text]) production in CAECs and abolished TRAIL-induced impairment on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in small resistance arteries. By measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we found that Lamp-1 (lysosome membrane marker protein) and ganglioside G(M1) (MR marker) were trafficking together in Smpd1 (+/+) CAECs, which was absent in Smpd1 (-/-) CAECs. Consistently, fluorescence imaging of living cells with specific lysosome probes demonstrated that TRAIL-induced lysosome fusion with membrane was also absent in Smpd1 (-/-) CAECs. Taken together, these results suggest that ASM is essential for TRAIL-induced lysosomal trafficking, membrane fusion and formation of MR redox signaling platforms, which may play an important role in DR4-mediated redox signaling in CAECs and consequently endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Li PL, Zhang Y. Cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling: implications for endothelial dysfunction and renal disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:171-97. [PMID: 23563657 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling modulates various cell activities and functions and contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and renal dysfunctions. Ceramide triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases oxidative stress in many mammalian cells and animal models. On the other hand, inhibition of ROS-generating enzymes or treatment of antioxidants impairs sphingomyelinase activation and ceramide production. As a mechanism, ceramide-enriched signaling platforms, special cell membrane rafts (MR) (formerly lipid rafts), provide an important microenvironment to mediate the cross talk of ceramide and redox signaling to exert a corresponding regulatory role on cell and organ functions. In this regard, activation of acid sphingomyelinase and generation of ceramide mediate the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms, where transmembrane signals are transmitted or amplified through recruitment, clustering, assembling, or integration of various signaling molecules. A typical such signaling platform is MR redox signaling platform that is centered on ceramide production and aggregation leading to recruitment and assembling of NADPH oxidase to form an active complex in the cell plasma membrane. This redox signaling platform not only conducts redox signaling or regulation but also facilitates a feedforward amplification of both ceramide and redox signaling. In addition to this membrane MR redox signaling platform, the cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling may occur in other cell compartments. This book chapter focuses on the molecular mechanisms, spatial-temporal regulations, and implications of this cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling, which may provide novel insights into the understanding of both ceramide and redox signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Vazquez-Prieto MA, Bettaieb A, Haj FG, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin prevents TNFα-induced activation of signaling cascades involved in inflammation and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:113-8. [PMID: 22425757 PMCID: PMC3992864 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is major public health concern worldwide and obese individuals exhibit a higher risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Inflammation plays a significant role in metabolic regulation and mounting evidence highlight the contribution of adipose tissue to systemic inflammatory state. Food extracts with a high content of (-)-epicatechin have been found to exert systemic anti-inflammatory actions, however the anti-inflammatory actions of (-)-epicatechin on adipose tissue remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of (-)-epicatechin to prevent tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα)-induced activation of cell signals involved in inflammation and insulin resistance (NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), AP-1, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) in differentiated white adipocytes (3T3-L1). TNFα triggered the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, and MAPKs ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. (-)-Epicatechin caused a dose (0.5-10 μM)-dependent decrease in TNFα-mediated JNK, ERK1/2, and p-38 phosphorylation, and nuclear AP-1-DNA binding. (-)-Epicatechin also inhibited TNFα-triggered activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade, preventing TNFα-mediated p65 nuclear transport and nuclear NF-κB-DNA binding. (-)-Epicatechin also attenuated the TNFα-mediated downregulation of PPARγ expression and decreased nuclear DNA binding. Accordingly, (-)-epicatechin inhibited TNFα-mediated altered transcription of genes (MCP-1, interleukin-6, TNFα, resistin, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B) involved in inflammation and insulin signaling. In conclusion, (-)-epicatechin can attenuate TNFα-mediated triggering of signaling cascades involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. These findings could be of relevance in the dietary management of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Apigenin inhibits the TNFα-induced expression of eNOS and MMP-9 via modulating Akt signalling through oestrogen receptor engagement. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:129-36. [PMID: 22899172 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone with strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. While the anticancer properties of Apigenin have been extensively studied, little is known about its effects on endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the effects of Apigenin in EAhy926 endothelial cells exposed to TNFα by evaluating the expression of eNOS and MMP-9, two key molecules in endothelial dysfunction. MMP-9 activity was measured by gel zymography. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze eNOS expression and signal transduction. Treatment with Apigenin (50 μM) counteracted the TNFα-induced expression of eNOS and MMP-9 and the TNFα- triggered activation of Akt, p38MAPK and JNK signalling suggesting that multiple signalling pathways are involved in mediating the protective effects of Apigenin on endothelial function. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Apigenin, we used a pharmacological approach with specific inhibitors. The use of an Akt inhibitor mimicked the inhibitory effects of Apigenin on eNOS and MMP-9 expression, suggesting that eNOS and MMP-9 induction by TNFα depends on Akt activation. The TNFα-induced expression of MMP-9 was also affected by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. No effect on eNOS and MMP-9 expression was observed in the presence of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the ERK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059. Pretreatment with 'classic' (ERα and ERβ) or 'non classic' (GPR30) oestrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors (ICI182,780 and PTX, respectively) counteracted the ability of Apigenin to decrease the TNFα-triggered activation of the Akt pathway. Consistently, the use of both ER inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effects of Apigenin on the TNFα-induced expression of eNOS and, to a lesser extent, MMP-9. We can conclude that Apigenin exerts its inhibitory effect on the TNFα-induced expression of eNOS and MMP-9 through the Akt signalling inhibition generated by ER activation. Oestrogen signalling has been implicated in protection from cardiovascular disease. Therefore, having regard to its ability to bind to ERs, Apigenin may be considered an oestrogen-like molecule to potentially be used against the onset and progression of vascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Kerr PM, Tam R, Narang D, Potts K, McMillan D, McMillan K, Plane F. Endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels as therapeutic targets to enhance availability of nitric oxide. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:739-52. [PMID: 22626011 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in vascular health by controlling arterial diameter, regulating local cell growth, and protecting blood vessels from the deleterious consequences of platelet aggregation and activation of inflammatory responses. Circulating chemical mediators and physical forces act directly on the endothelium to release diffusible relaxing factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), and to elicit hyperpolarization of the endothelial cell membrane potential, which can spread to the surrounding smooth muscle cells via gap junctions. Endothelial hyperpolarization, mediated by activation of calcium-activated potassium (K(Ca)) channels, has generally been regarded as a distinct pathway for smooth muscle relaxation. However, recent evidence supports a role for endothelial K(Ca) channels in production of endothelium-derived NO, and indicates that pharmacological activation of these channels can enhance NO-mediated responses. In this review we summarize the current data on the functional role of endothelial K(Ca) channels in regulating NO-mediated changes in arterial diameter and NO production, and explore the tempting possibility that these channels may represent a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention in conditions associated with reduced NO availability such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, 9-62 Medical Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Ramseyer VD, Hong NJ, Garvin JL. Tumor necrosis factor α decreases nitric oxide synthase type 3 expression primarily via Rho/Rho kinase in the thick ascending limb. Hypertension 2012; 59:1145-50. [PMID: 22566503 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.189761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate Na(+) reabsorption by thick ascending limbs (THALs) induces hypertension. NO produced by NO synthase type 3 (NOS3) inhibits NaCl reabsorption by THALs. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreases NOS3 expression in endothelial cells and contributes to increases in blood pressure. However, the effects of TNF-α on THAL NOS3 and the signaling cascade are unknown. TNF-α activates several signaling pathways, including Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK), which is known to reduce NOS3 expression in endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNF-α decreases NOS3 expression via Rho/ROCK in rat THAL primary cultures. THAL cells were incubated with either vehicle or 1 nmol/L of TNF-α for 24 hours, and NOS3 expression was measured by Western blot. TNF-α decreased NOS3 expression by 51 ± 6% (P<0.002) and blunted stimulus-induced NO production. A 10-minute treatment with TNF-α stimulated RhoA activity by 60 ± 23% (P<0.04). Inhibition of Rho GTPase with 0.05 μg/mL of C3 exoenzyme blocked TNF-α-induced reductions in NOS3 expression by 30 ± 8% (P<0.02). Inhibition of ROCK with 10 μmol/L of H-1152 blocked TNF-α-induced decreases in NOS3 expression by 66 ± 15% (P<0.001). Simultaneous inhibition of Rho and ROCK had no additive effect. Myosin light chain kinase, NO, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated kinase kinase, c-Jun amino terminal kinases, and Rac-1 were also not involved in TNF-α-induced decreases in NOS3 expression. We conclude that TNF-α decreases NOS3 expression primarily via Rho/ROCK in rat THALs. These data suggest that some of the beneficial effects of ROCK inhibitors in hypertension could be attributed to the mitigation of TNF-α-induced reduction in NOS3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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Song P, Zou MH. Regulation of NAD(P)H oxidases by AMPK in cardiovascular systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1607-19. [PMID: 22357101 PMCID: PMC3341493 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are ubiquitously produced in cardiovascular systems. Under physiological conditions, ROS/RNS function as signaling molecules that are essential in maintaining cardiovascular function. Aberrant concentrations of ROS/RNS have been demonstrated in cardiovascular diseases owing to increased production or decreased scavenging, which have been considered common pathways for the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, (re)stenosis, and congestive heart failure. NAD(P)H oxidases are primary sources of ROS and can be induced or activated by all known cardiovascular risk factors. Stresses, hormones, vasoactive agents, and cytokines via different signaling cascades control the expression and activity of these enzymes and of their regulatory subunits. But the molecular mechanisms by which NAD(P)H oxidase is regulated in cardiovascular systems remain poorly characterized. Investigations by us and others suggest that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as an energy sensor and modulator, is highly sensitive to ROS/RNS. We have also obtained convincing evidence that AMPK is a physiological suppressor of NAD(P)H oxidase in multiple cardiovascular cell systems. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how AMPK functions as a physiological repressor of NAD(P)H oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ming-Hui Zou, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Phone: 405-271-3974, Fax: 405-271-3973,
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Tarr JM, Ding N, Kaul K, Antonell A, Pérez-Jurado LA, Chibber R. Cellular crosstalk between TNF-α, NADPH oxidase, PKCβ2, and C2GNT in human leukocytes. Cell Signal 2012; 24:873-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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A nonpolar blueberry fraction blunts NADPH oxidase activation in neuronal cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:768101. [PMID: 22530077 PMCID: PMC3317020 DOI: 10.1155/2012/768101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are key to the progressive neuronal degeneration common to chronic pathologies, traumatic injuries, and aging processes in the CNS. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) orchestrates cellular stress by stimulating the production and release of neurotoxic mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidases (NOX), ubiquitously expressed in all cells, have recently emerged as pivotal ROS sources in aging and disease. We demonstrated the presence of potent NOX inhibitors in wild Alaska bog blueberries partitioning discretely into a nonpolar fraction with minimal antioxidant capacity and largely devoid of polyphenols. Incubation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with nonpolar blueberry fractions obstructed the coalescing of lipid rafts into large domains disrupting NOX assembly therein and abolishing ROS production characteristic for TNF-α exposure. These findings illuminate nutrition-derived lipid raft modulation as a novel therapeutic approach to blunt inflammatory and oxidative stress in the aging or diseased CNS.
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