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Wang Z, Fan H, Wu J. Food-Derived Up-Regulators and Activators of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12896-12914. [PMID: 38810024 PMCID: PMC11181331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), also serving as an amino acid transporter and a receptor for certain coronaviruses. Its primary role is to protect the cardiovascular system via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR cascade. Given the critical roles of ACE2 in regulating numerous physiological functions, molecules that can upregulate or activate ACE2 show vast therapeutic value. There are only a few ACE2 activators that have been reported, a wide range of molecules, including food-derived compounds, have been reported as ACE2 up-regulators. Effective doses of bioactive peptides range from 10 to 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day when orally administered for 1 to 7 weeks. Protein hydrolysates require higher doses at 1000 mg/kg BW/day for 20 days. Phytochemicals and vitamins are effective at doses typically ranging from 10 to 200 mg/kg BW/day for 3 days to 6 months, while Traditional Chinese Medicine requires doses of 1.25 to 12.96 g/kg BW/day for 4 to 8 weeks. ACE2 activation is linked to its hinge-bending region, while upregulation involves various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic modulators. Future studies are expected to explore novel roles of ACE2 activators or up-regulators in disease treatments and translate the discovery to bedside applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular
Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department
of Animal and Food Sciences, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular
Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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2
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Sun H, Du B, Fu H, Yue Z, Wang X, Yu S, Zhang Z. Canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise protects against chronic heart failure in rats. iScience 2024; 27:109014. [PMID: 38439968 PMCID: PMC10910240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the efficacy and potential protective mechanism of canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise in treating chronic heart failure (CHF). Isoproterenol was injected into rats to create CHF models. The rats were then subsequently divided into saline, canagliflozin (3 mg/kg/d), aerobic exercise training, and canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise training. Compared to the CHF group, the canagliflozin combined with the aerobic exercise group had superior ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. In rats treated with canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise, the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A3, CYP4A8, COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 was reduced, while the expression of CYP26B1, ALDH1A2, and CYP1A1 increased significantly. Additionally, canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. Canagliflozin combined with aerobic exercise has a positive effect on the development of CHF via the regulation of retinol metabolism and the AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bingyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaodi Yue
- Teaching and Research Section of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Teaching and Research Section of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, China, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Ng GYQ, Loh ZWL, Fann DY, Mallilankaraman K, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways in Metabolic Diseases. Genome Integr 2024; 15:e20230003. [PMID: 38770527 PMCID: PMC11102075 DOI: 10.14293/genint.14.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes that govern the normal functioning of mammalian cells are regulated by a myriad of signalling pathways. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases constitute one of the major signalling arms and have been broadly classified into four groups that include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5. Each signalling cascade is governed by a wide array of external and cellular stimuli, which play a critical part in mammalian cells in the regulation of various key responses, such as mitogenic growth, differentiation, stress responses, as well as inflammation. This evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase signalling arm is also important for metabolic maintenance, which is tightly coordinated via complicated mechanisms that include the intricate interaction of scaffold proteins, recognition through cognate motifs, action of phosphatases, distinct subcellular localisation, and even post-translational modifications. Aberration in the signalling pathway itself or their regulation has been implicated in the disruption of metabolic homeostasis, which provides a pathophysiological foundation in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term that usually includes a group of closely associated metabolic diseases such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension. These risk factors exacerbate the development of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic diseases, which have accounted for an increase in the worldwide morbidity and mortality rate. This review aims to summarise recent findings that have implicated MAP kinase signalling in the development of metabolic diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets of this pathway to be investigated further for the attenuation of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Jasińska-Stroschein M. Searching for Effective Treatments in HFpEF: Implications for Modeling the Disease in Rodents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1449. [PMID: 37895920 PMCID: PMC10610318 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has increased over the last two decades, there still remains a lack of effective treatment. A key therapeutic challenge is posed by the absence of animal models that accurately replicate the complexities of HFpEF. The present review summarizes the effects of a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents on HF. METHODS Two online databases were searched for studies; in total, 194 experimental protocols were analyzed following the PRISMA protocol. RESULTS A diverse range of models has been proposed for studying therapeutic interventions for HFpEF, with most being based on pressure overload and systemic hypertension. They have been used to evaluate more than 150 different substances including ARNIs, ARBs, HMGR inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and incretins. Existing preclinical studies have primarily focused on LV diastolic performance, and this has been significantly improved by a wide spectrum of candidate therapeutic agents. Few experiments have investigated the normalization of pulmonary congestion, exercise capacity, animal mortality, or certain molecular hallmarks of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive preclinical HFpEF models, with multi-organ system phenotyping and physiologic stress-based functional testing, is needed for more successful translation of preclinical research to clinical trials.
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Zhu X, Mou Z, Han W, Chen L. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits oxidative stress via ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells stimulated with high glucose. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1008-1017. [PMID: 37114746 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose (HG) and its potential mechanism. We investigated the effects of atRA in HG-induced renal epithelial cell line HK-2. Seven groups were designed for this experiment: negative control, mannitol, high-glucose (HG), HG combined with a low concentration of atRA, HG combined with a middle concentration of atRA, HG combined with a high concentration of atRA, and HG combined with captopril. After 48 h of incubation, oxidative stress factor expression in the supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis expression were assessed by flow cytometry. NADPH oxidase, fibrosis factor, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/mas receptor (ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR) pathway-related protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. The expressions of oxidative stress factors, NADPH oxidase components, and fibrosis factors were significantly higher after HG treatment. Apoptosis of HK2 cells in the HG group was also significantly higher. AtRA could reverse the above abnormal changes in a concentration-dependent manner. HG significantly promoted the expression of ACE, Ang II, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), whereas it inhibited the expression of ACE2, Ang (1-7), and MasR. With the elevation of concentration, atRA could gradually suppress the expression of ACE, Ang II, and AT1R, but facilitate ACE2, Ang (1-7), and MasR. These results were statistically significant. AtRA could significantly inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by HG. The mechanism may inhibit the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and/or activate ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixiang Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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6
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Naasner L, Froese N, Hofmann W, Galuppo P, Werlein C, Shymotiuk I, Szaroszyk M, Erschow S, Amanakis G, Bähre H, Kühnel MP, Jonigk DD, Geffers R, Seifert R, Ricke-Hoch M, Wende AR, Blaner WS, Abel ED, Bauersachs J, Riehle C. Vitamin A preserves cardiac energetic gene expression in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1352-H1364. [PMID: 36399384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00514.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Perturbed vitamin-A metabolism is associated with type 2 diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunction that are pathophysiologically linked to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanism, by which vitamin A might regulate mitochondrial energetics in DCM has previously not been explored. To test the hypothesis that vitamin-A deficiency accelerates the onset of cardiomyopathy in diet-induced obesity (DIO), we subjected mice with lecithin retinol acyltransferase (Lrat) germline deletion, which exhibit impaired vitamin-A stores, to vitamin A-deficient high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Wild-type mice fed with a vitamin A-sufficient HFD served as controls. Cardiac structure, contractile function, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were preserved despite vitamin-A deficiency following 20 wk of HFD feeding. Gene profiling by RNA sequencing revealed that vitamin A is required for the expression of genes involved in cardiac fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in DIO as expression of these genes was relatively preserved under vitamin A-sufficient HFD conditions. Together, these data identify a transcriptional program, by which vitamin A preserves cardiac energetic gene expression in DIO that might attenuate subsequent onset of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The relationship between vitamin-A status and the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been studied in detail. We assessed cardiac mitochondrial respiratory capacity, contractile function, and gene expression by RNA sequencing in a murine model of combined vitamin-A deficiency and diet-induced obesity. Our study identifies a role for vitamin A in preserving cardiac energetic gene expression that might attenuate subsequent development of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Naasner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natali Froese
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivanna Shymotiuk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szaroszyk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergej Erschow
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Research Group Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Wu C, Chen RL, Wang Y, Wu WY, Li G. Acacetin alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:553-561. [PMID: 35244510 PMCID: PMC8903787 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acacetin is a natural source of flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE This study determines acacetin's protective effect and mechanism on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham and I/R injury and treatment with acacetin. Acacetin (10 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected for 7 days. ECG and echocardiography were conducted to determine arrhythmia and heart function. The pathological characters of the heart were determined with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, Haematoxylin & Eosin staining, and Masson staining. Expression of proteins in infarct tissues was examined with western blots. RESULTS Administrated with acacetin in I/R rats significantly reduced the arrhythmia score from 4.90 to 2.50 and the reperfusion arrhythmia score from 3.79 to 1.82 in the vehicle or the acacetin group, respectively. LVEF was improved from 33.5% in the I/R group to 43.7% in the acacetin group, LVFS was increased from 16.4% to 24.5%, LVIDs was decreased from 6.5 to 5.3 mm. The inflammatory cell infiltration, myocardial fibrosis, and collagen 1 and 3 were reduced by acacetin. Acacetin promoted SOD and decreased MDA. In myocardial tissues, the expression level of TLR4 and IL-6 were restrained, and IL-10 was promoted. Apoptotic protein Bax was suppressed, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was promoted in the acacetin group. Interestingly, the transcription factor Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway was also reversed by acacetin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that acacetin has a potential therapeutic effect in clinical application on treating I/R-induced heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Yin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Wei-Yin Wu Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province361015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- CONTACT Gang Li ;
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Role of Nutrients and Foods in Attenuation of Cardiac Remodeling through Oxidative Stress Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102064. [PMID: 36290787 PMCID: PMC9598077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is defined as a group of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that manifest clinically as changes in the heart’s size, mass, geometry, and function after different injuries. Importantly, remodeling is associated with increased risk of ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Therefore, strategies to attenuate this process are critical. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress play critical roles in remodeling. Importantly, antioxidative dietary compounds potentially have protective properties against remodeling. Therefore, this review evaluates the role of nutrients and food as modulators of cardiac remodeling.
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9
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Holloway C, Zhong G, Kim YK, Ye H, Sampath H, Hammerling U, Isoherranen N, Quadro L. Retinoic acid regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) to modulate fuel utilization in the adult heart: Insights from wild-type and β-carotene 9',10' oxygenase knockout mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22513. [PMID: 36004605 PMCID: PMC9544431 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101910rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK4 enables the heart to respond to fluctuations in energy demands and substrate availability. Retinoic acid, the transcriptionally active form of vitamin A, is known to be involved in the regulation of cardiac function and growth during embryogenesis as well as under pathological conditions. Whether retinoic acid also maintains cardiac health under physiological conditions is unknown. However, vitamin A status and intake of its carotenoid precursor β-carotene have been linked to the prevention of heart diseases. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that retinoic acid regulates cardiac Pdk4 expression and thus PDH activity. Furthermore, we show that mice lacking β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), the only enzyme of the adult heart that cleaves β-carotene to generate retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives), displayed cardiac retinoic acid insufficiency and impaired metabolic flexibility linked to a compromised PDK4/PDH pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of retinoic acid in regulating energy metabolism in adult tissues, especially the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsee Holloway
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Bioscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Youn-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ulrich Hammerling
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Abdul Hamid Z, Mohamad Anuar NN, Jalil J, Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB. The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158582. [PMID: 35955714 PMCID: PMC9369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways. In fact, persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions contribute to preserved PKC activation mediated by excessive production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oxidative stress. PKC-MAPK pathways are involved in several cellular responses, including enhancing oxidative stress and activating signalling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cardiac and vascular remodelling and their subsequent dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent discovery on the role of PKC-MAPK pathways, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications, and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular management in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
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11
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Zeng X, Gong H, Zhang L, Lan Y, Yang S, Xu F. Bisacurone Ameliorated Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Experimental Rats Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Bax/Caspase-3 Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.415.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Zalesak-Kravec S, Huang W, Jones JW, Yu J, Alloush J, Defnet AE, Moise AR, Kane MA. Role of cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 and retinoid homeostasis in the adult mouse heart: A multi-omic approach. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22242. [PMID: 35253263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100901rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main active metabolite of Vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), is required for proper cellular function and tissue organization. Heart development has a well-defined requirement for RA, but there is limited research on the role of RA in the adult heart. Homeostasis of RA includes regulation of membrane receptors, chaperones, enzymes, and nuclear receptors. Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation. In this work, a multi-omics approach was used to characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss using the Rbp1-/- mouse. Retinoid homeostasis was disrupted in Rbp1-/- mouse heart tissue, as seen by a 33% and 24% decrease in RA levels in the left and right ventricles, respectively, compared to wild-type mice (WT). To further inform on the effect of disrupted RA homeostasis, we conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics. A total of 222 metabolite and metabolite combinations were analyzed, with 33 having differential abundance between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Additionally, we performed global proteome profiling to further characterize the impact of CRBP1 loss in adult mouse hearts. More than 2606 unique proteins were identified, with 340 proteins having differential expression between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Pathway analysis performed on metabolomic and proteomic data revealed pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism were the most disrupted in Rbp1-/- mice. Together, these studies characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Alloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy E Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Abstract
While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration-approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
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14
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Nicoletti F, Hammer L, Furtado S, Mangano K, Mathiowitz E, Green B, Auci DL. Oral Delivery of Encapsulated All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Disease in Rodent Models of Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:455-465. [PMID: 34417826 PMCID: PMC8889276 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a biologically active isomer of retinoic acid (RA). Topical ATRA (retin-a, retin-a micro, atralin, renova, and avita) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient for FDA-approved treatments for acne and skin wrinkles. Oral formulations (Vesanoid) treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but oral dosing can induce severe side effects. Despite benefits in various rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), toxicity and controversial clinical observations have diminished enthusiasm for ATRA IBD clinical trials. To circumvent these issues and to use ATRA's key role in maintaining gut tolerance, we developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) encapsulated ATRA formulation aimed at directing ATRA delivery to immune structures of the gut, limiting systemic exposure. Initially, ATRA MS was developed as a component of a combinatorial product (TreXTAM) that also contained encapsulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ATRA in a 1:2 w/w ratio. Although the combination was optimal, benefit was also observed when ATRA MS was given alone in the CD4+ CD25-T-cell adoptive transfer (ACT) colitis model. METHODS We used the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis to expand on the dose-dependent effects of oral ATRA MS when given alone. The DSS model was also used to compare the efficacy of ATRA MS and soluble ATRA, while healthy animals were used to compare the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs. RESULTS In both the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis, ATRA MS was observed to be effective in ameliorating disease. ATRA MS was also observed to be more effective than soluble ATRA in these models and displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS We suggest ATRA MS, as a standalone product, may attenuate IBD and perhaps limit fibrosis, while limiting systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominick L Auci
- Therapyx, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA,Address correspondence to: Dominick L. Auci, PhD, Vice President, Research and Development, Therapyx, Inc., 2010 Cherokee Pkwy, Suite 2, Louisville, KY 40204, USA ()
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15
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Oz M, Lorke DE, Kabbani N. A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107750. [PMID: 33275999 PMCID: PMC7854082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease pathology and treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary target for cell surface attachment and likely entry into the host cell. Thus, understanding factors that may regulate the expression and function of ACE2 in the healthy and diseased body is critical for clinical intervention. Over 66% of all adults in the United States are currently using a prescription drug and while earlier findings have focused on possible upregulation of ACE2 expression through the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, mounting evidence suggests that various other widely administered drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias, coagulation disorders, and pulmonary disease may also present a varied risk for COVID-19. Specifically, we summarize mechanisms on how heparin, statins, steroids and phytochemicals, besides their established therapeutic effects, may also interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells. We also describe evidence on the effect of several vitamins, phytochemicals, and naturally occurring compounds on ACE2 expression and activity in various tissues and disease models. This comprehensive review aims to provide a timely compendium on the potential impact of commonly prescribed drugs and pharmacologically active compounds on COVID-19 pathology and risk through regulation of ACE2 and RAS signaling.
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Key Words
- adam17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ace, angiotensin i converting enzyme
- ace-inh., angiotensin i converting enzyme inhibitor
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- ang-ii, angiotensin ii
- arb, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor blocker
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- at1-r, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor
- βarb, β-adrenergic receptor blockers
- bk, bradykinin
- ccb, calcium channel blockers
- ch25h, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase
- copd, chronic obstructive lung disease
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- covid-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- dabk, [des-arg9]-bradykinin
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- 25hc, 25-hydroxycholesterol
- hs, heparan sulfate
- hspg, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- map, mitogen-activated protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- mrb, mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- nsaid, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug
- ras, renin-angiotensin system
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- sh, spontaneously hypertensive
- s protein, spike protein
- sirt1, sirtuin 1
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tcm, traditional chinese medicine
- tmprss2, transmembrane protease, serine 2
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- ufh, unfractionated heparin
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Dietrich Ernst Lorke
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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16
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Yang N, Parker LE, Yu J, Jones JW, Liu T, Papanicolaou KN, Talbot CC, Margulies KB, O’Rourke B, Kane MA, Foster DB. Cardiac retinoic acid levels decline in heart failure. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137593. [PMID: 33724958 PMCID: PMC8119182 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low circulating levels of the vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, few studies have addressed whether cardiac retinoid levels are altered in the failing heart. Here, we showed that proteomic analyses of human and guinea pig heart failure (HF) were consistent with a decline in resident cardiac ATRA. Quantitation of the retinoids in ventricular myocardium by mass spectrometry revealed 32% and 39% ATRA decreases in guinea pig HF and in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), respectively, despite ample reserves of cardiac vitamin A. ATRA (2 mg/kg/d) was sufficient to mitigate cardiac remodeling and prevent functional decline in guinea pig HF. Although cardiac ATRA declined in guinea pig HF and human IDCM, levels of certain retinoid metabolic enzymes diverged. Specifically, high expression of the ATRA-catabolizing enzyme, CYP26A1, in human IDCM could dampen prospects for an ATRA-based therapy. Pertinently, a pan-CYP26 inhibitor, talarozole, blunted the impact of phenylephrine on ATRA decline and hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Taken together, we submit that low cardiac ATRA attenuates the expression of critical ATRA-dependent gene programs in HF and that strategies to normalize ATRA metabolism, like CYP26 inhibition, may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren E. Parker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian O’Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Mass Spectrometry Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D. Brian Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Kaur U, Acharya K, Mondal R, Singh A, Saso L, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti SS. Should ACE2 be given a chance in COVID-19 therapeutics: A semi-systematic review of strategies enhancing ACE2. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173545. [PMID: 32926917 PMCID: PMC7485553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in almost 28 million cases of COVID-19 (Corona virus disease-2019) and more than 900000 deaths worldwide since December 2019. In the absence of effective antiviral therapy and vaccine, treatment of COVID-19 is largely symptomatic. By making use of its spike (S) protein, the virus binds to its primary human cell receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is present in the pulmonary epithelial cells as well as other organs. SARS-CoV-2 may cause a downregulation of ACE2. ACE2 plays a protective role in the pulmonary system through its Mas-receptor and alamandine-MrgD-TGR7 pathways. Loss of this protective effect could be a major component of COVID-19 pathogenesis. An attractive strategy in SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics would be to augment ACE2 either directly by supplementation or indirectly through drugs which increase its levels or stimulate its downstream players. In this semi-systematic review, we have analysed the pathophysiological interplay between ACE and ACE2 in the cardiopulmonary system, the modulation of these two proteins by SARS-CoV-2, and potential therapeutic avenues targeting ACE-Ang II and ACE2-Ang (1-7) axes, that can be utilized against COVID-19 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, UP, India
| | - Kumudini Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, UP, India
| | - Ritwick Mondal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, UP, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
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18
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Vitamin A as a Transcriptional Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. HEARTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts1020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a micronutrient and signaling molecule that regulates transcription, cellular differentiation, and organ homeostasis. Additionally, metabolites of Vitamin A are utilized as differentiation agents in the treatment of hematological cancers and skin disorders, necessitating further study into the effects of both nutrient deficiency and the exogenous delivery of Vitamin A and its metabolites on cardiovascular phenotypes. Though vitamin A/retinoids are well-known regulators of cardiac formation, recent evidence has emerged that supports their role as regulators of cardiac regeneration, postnatal cardiac function, and cardiovascular disease progression. We here review findings from genetic and pharmacological studies describing the regulation of both myocyte- and vascular-driven cardiac phenotypes by vitamin A signaling. We identify the relationship between retinoids and maladaptive processes during the pathological hypertrophy of the heart, with a focus on the activation of neurohormonal signaling and fetal transcription factors (Gata4, Tbx5). Finally, we assess how this information might be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic avenues.
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19
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Guo S, Liu Y, Gao L, Xiao F, Shen J, Xing S, Yang F, Zhang W, Shi Q, Li Y, Zhao L. TBC1D25 Regulates Cardiac Remodeling Through TAK1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1335-1348. [PMID: 32210723 PMCID: PMC7085222 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a major early event of heart failure, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that TBC1D25 is upregulated during pathological cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine the role of TBC1D25 in cardiac remodeling and to illustrate the underlying molecular mechanism. Specifically, cardiac remodeling was induced in TBC1D25-KO mice and their wild-type control mice through partial transverse aortic constriction (TAC) of aortic arch. Knockout TBC1D25 exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Meanwhile, TBC1D25 overexpression in both H9C2 cells and NRCMs alleviate Angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Moreover, TBC1D25 deficiency increases the phosphorylation levels of TAK1 and its downstream molecular (JNK and p38), whereas overexpressed TBC1D25 inhibits phosphorylation of TAK1, JNK and p38. And TAK1 is the key molecule in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TBC1D25 could directly interacts with TAK1 by immunoprecipitation assay and GST pull-down assay, and the interaction needs the amino acids from at least 138 to 226 in the C-terminal region of TBC1D25 and from 1 to 300 in the C-terminal region of TAK1. We conclude that TBC1D25 suppresses pathological cardiac remodeling via regulating TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway, which suggests that TBC1D25 will likely become a promising therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fankai Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Jihong Shen
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiying Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiangwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luosha Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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All-trans retinoic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction through Crabp1 to dampen CaMKII activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172485. [PMID: 31238067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) over activation can decrease detrimental cardiac remodeling that leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, cell death, and heart failure. We previously showed that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1) knockout mice (CKO) exhibited a more severe isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure and cardiac remodeling phenotype with elevated CaMKII activity in the heart, suggesting a cardiac-protective function of Crabp1 through modulating CaMKII activity. Here we examine whether the highly selective, endogenous ligand of Crabp1, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), can attenuate ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. We also examine if this attenuation involves Crabp1 and the inhibition of CaMKII. RA pre-treatment followed by ISO challenge effectively restores ejection fraction in wild type, but not in CKO mice. This is correlated with reduced CaMKII auto-phosphorylation at T287 and phospholamban phosphorylation at T17, a substrate of CaMKII. RA pretreatment also reduces ISO-induced apoptosis in WT heart. Cell culture experiments confirm that RA inhibits CaMKII phosphorylation, which requires Crabp1. Molecular data reveal interaction of Crabp1 with the kinase and regulatory domains of CaMKII, and that RA selectively enhances Crabp1 interaction with the regulatory domain, suggesting a potential regulatory role for holo-Crabp1 in CaMKII activation. Together, these data demonstrate that RA bound Crabp1 plays a protective role in β-adrenergic stimulated cardiac remodeling, which is partially attributed to its dampening CaMKII activation. Targeting Crabp1 provides a potentially new therapeutic strategy for managing heart diseases.
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21
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Tu WJ, Qiu HC, Zhang Y, Cao JL, Wang H, Zhao JZ, Liu Q, Zeng X. Lower serum retinoic acid level for prediction of higher risk of mortality in ischemic stroke. Neurology 2019; 92:e1678-e1687. [PMID: 30850446 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between serum retinoic acid (RA) level in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and mortality risk in the 6 months after admission. METHODS From January 2015 through December 2016, patients admitted to 3 stroke centers in China for first-ever AIS were screened. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the 6 months after admission. The significance of serum RA level, NIH Stroke Scale score, and established risk factors in predicting mortality were determined. The integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) statistics were applied in statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 1,530 patients enrolled, 325 died within 6 months of admission, with an all-cause mortality of 21.2% and CVD-related mortality of 13.1%. In multivariable analysis, RA levels were expressed as quartiles with the clinical variables. The results of the second to fourth quartiles (Q2-Q4) were compared with the first quartile (Q1); RA levels showed prognostic significance, with decreased all-cause and CVD mortality of 55% and 63%, respectively. After RA was added to the existing risk factors, all-cause mortality could be better reclassified, in association with only the NRI statistic (p = 0.005); CVD mortality could be better reclassified with significance, in association with both the IDI and NRI statistics (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low circulating levels of RA were associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in a cohort of patients with first-incidence AIS, indicating that RA level could be a predictor independent of established conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Cheng Qiu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Lei Cao
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Zong Zhao
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xianwei Zeng
- From the Institute of Radiation Medicine (W.-J.T., H.W., Q.L.), China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., H.-C.Q., J.-Z.Z.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing; Department of Neurosurgery (W.-J.T., X.Z.), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province; Department of Vascular Neurosurgery (H.-C.Q., Y.Z.), New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing; and Department of Cardiology (J.l.-C.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Liang X, Chen M, Qu P, Hao G, Huang Y, Chen J, Li T. The Association of Vitamin A and Vitamin D with Hypertension in Children: A Case-Control Study. Int J Hypertens 2018; 2018:9295147. [PMID: 30631592 PMCID: PMC6304547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9295147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertension in children increases rapidly. This paper is to investigate the association of vitamin A and serum 25(OH)D level with hypertension and to explore the risk factors of hypertension in children. METHODS 164 children (age: 6-12 years, females: 49.39%) were included in this case-control study. The serum vitamin A and serum 25(OH)D level, the transcription level of RARs and RXRs, 25(OH)D receptor, and the retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an indicator of vitamin A storage function, were measured. RESULTS The serum vitamin A level in hypertensive subjects was not significantly different compared to control, but the serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in hypertensive subjects compared to control (38.22±12.00umol/L vs. 43.28±12.33 umol/L, P=0.02). The transcription levels of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ were not significantly different between the two groups; but the LRAT was lower in the hypertensive group than that in the control (P<0.001). Compared with control group, the level of 25(OH)D receptor was lower in hypertension children (P=0.003). Logistic regression model showed that LRAT, HDL, and breastfed duration were negatively associated with blood pressure, and waist circumference was positively associated with blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The LRAT, serum 25(OH)D, and 25(OH)D receptor were significantly associated with blood pressure level, and both breastfed and HDL-C were independent protective factors of blood pressure level in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Augusta University, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yisong Huang
- Augusta University, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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23
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Park SW, Persaud SD, Ogokeh S, Meyers TA, Townsend D, Wei LN. CRABP1 protects the heart from isoproterenol-induced acute and chronic remodeling. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:151-165. [PMID: 29371236 PMCID: PMC5815894 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive and/or persistent activation of calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is detrimental in acute and chronic cardiac injury. However, intrinsic regulators of CaMKII activity are poorly understood. We find that cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1) directly interacts with CaMKII and uncover a functional role for CRABP1 in regulating CaMKII activation. We generated Crabp1-null mice (CKO) in C57BL/6J background for pathophysiological studies. CKO mice develop hypertrophy as adults, exhibiting significant left ventricular dilation with reduced ejection fraction at the baseline cardiac function. Interestingly, CKO mice have elevated basal CaMKII phosphorylation at T287, and phosphorylation on its substrate phospholamban (PLN) at T17. Acute isoproterenol (ISO) challenge (80 mg/kg two doses in 1 day) causes more severe apoptosis and necrosis in CKO hearts, and treatment with a CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 protects CKO mice from this injury. Chronic (30 mg/kg/day) ISO challenge also significantly increases hypertrophy and fibrosis in CKO mice as compared to WT. In wild-type mice, CRABP1 expression is increased in early stages of ISO challenge and eventually reduces to the basal level. Mechanistically, CRABP1 directly inhibits CaMKII by competing with calmodulin (CaM) for CaMKII interaction. This study demonstrates increased susceptibility of CKO mice to ISO-induced acute and chronic cardiac injury due to, at least in part, elevated CaMKII activity. Deleting Crabp1 results in reduced baseline cardiac function and aggravated damage challenged with acute and persistent β-adrenergic stimulation. This is the first report of a physiological role of CRABP1 as an endogenous regulator of CaMKII, which protects the heart from ISO-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Park
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shawna D Persaud
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stanislas Ogokeh
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tatyana A Meyers
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Zhu S, Guleria RS, Thomas CM, Roth A, Gerilechaogetu F, Kumar R, Dostal DE, Baker KM, Pan J. Loss of myocardial retinoic acid receptor α induces diastolic dysfunction by promoting intracellular oxidative stress and calcium mishandling in adult mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:100-112. [PMID: 27539860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) has been implicated in pathological stimuli-induced cardiac remodeling. To determine whether the impairment of RARα signaling directly contributes to the development of heart dysfunction and the involved mechanisms, tamoxifen-induced myocardial specific RARα deletion (RARαKO) mice were utilized. Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization studies showed significant diastolic dysfunction after 16wks of gene deletion. However, no significant differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), between RARαKO and wild type (WT) control mice. DHE staining showed increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the hearts of RARαKO mice. Significantly increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and NOX4 levels and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels were observed in RARαKO mouse hearts, which were rescued by overexpression of RARα in cardiomyocytes. Decreased SERCA2a expression and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), along with decreased phosphorylation of Akt and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKII δ) was observed in RARαKO mouse hearts. Ca2+ reuptake and cardiomyocyte relaxation were delayed by RARα deletion. Overexpression of RARα or inhibition of ROS generation or NOX activation prevented RARα deletion-induced decrease in SERCA2a expression/activation and delayed Ca2+ reuptake. Moreover, the gene and protein expression of RARα was significantly decreased in aged or metabolic stressed mouse hearts. RARα deletion accelerated the development of diastolic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice or in high fat diet fed mice. In conclusion, myocardial RARα deletion promoted diastolic dysfunction, with a relative preserved LVEF. Increased oxidative stress have an important role in the decreased expression/activation of SERCA2a and Ca2+ mishandling in RARαKO mice, which are major contributing factors in the development of diastolic dysfunction. These data suggest that impairment of cardiac RARα signaling may be a novel mechanism that is directly linked to pathological stimuli-induced diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
| | - Candice M Thomas
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Roth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fnu Gerilechaogetu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
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25
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Liu Y, Chen H, Mu D, Li D, Zhong Y, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Xia M. Association of Serum Retinoic Acid With Risk of Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2016; 119:557-63. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Retinoic acid (RA) and its mediated nuclear receptor signaling have broad protective effects on vascular systems. Whether circulating levels of RA are associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease is still unknown.
Objective:
To evaluate the association of circulating RA with the risk of mortality.
Methods and Results:
We measured serum RA concentrations in 1499 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (mean age, 61 years; male, 67%) recruited from October 2008 and December 2011 in the Expanded Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort. During a median (interquartile range) period of 4.4 (3.6 to 6.1) years of follow-up, there were 295 all-cause mortality, among which 208 had cardiovascular mortality. Serum RA level was significantly lower in participants with mortality (median 21 [11–47] nmol/L) than in those without mortality (median 39 [19–86] nmol/L). In multivariate analyses, the hazard ratios for total mortality among those in the lowest (referent) to highest quartiles of serum RA measured at study entry were 1.0, 0.83, 0.74, and 0.56, respectively (
P
-trend<0.001). For cardiovascular mortality, the comparable hazard ratios were 1.0, 0.76, 0.69, and 0.60 (
P
-trend<0.001). Furthermore, high RA levels (defined as >median) were associated with lower risk of total mortality (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.85;
P
=0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.78;
P
<0.001) compared with low RA (defined as ≤median).
Conclusions:
Serum RA level was associated with lower risk of mortality in a population-based coronary artery disease cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Di Mu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Di Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Xia
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
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26
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Asson-Batres MA, Ryzhov S, Tikhomirov O, Duarte CW, Congdon CB, Lessard CR, McFarland S, Rochette-Egly C, Tran TL, Galindo CL, Favreau-Lessard AJ, Sawyer DB. Effects of vitamin A deficiency in the postnatal mouse heart: role of hepatic retinoid stores. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1773-89. [PMID: 27084391 PMCID: PMC4935514 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00887.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether hepatic depletion of vitamin A (VA) stores has an effect on the postnatal heart, studies were carried out with mice lacking liver retinyl ester stores fed either a VA-sufficient (LRVAS) or VA-deficient (LRVAD) diet (to deplete circulating retinol and extrahepatic stores of retinyl esters). There were no observable differences in the weights or gross morphology of hearts from LRVAS or LRVAD mice relative to sex-matched, age-matched, and genetically matched wild-type (WT) controls fed the VAS diet (WTVAS), but changes in the transcription of functionally relevant genes were consistent with a state of VAD in LRVAS and LRVAD ventricles. In silico analysis revealed that 58/67 differentially expressed transcripts identified in a microarray screen are products of genes that have DNA retinoic acid response elements. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant and cell-specific increase in the number of proliferating Sca-1 cardiac progenitor cells in LRVAS animals relative to WTVAS controls. Before myocardial infarction, LRVAS and WTVAS mice had similar cardiac systolic function and structure, as measured by echocardiography, but, unexpectedly, repeat echocardiography demonstrated that LRVAS mice had less adverse remodeling by 1 wk after myocardial infarction. Overall, the results demonstrate that the adult heart is responsive to retinoids, and, most notably, reducing hepatic VA stores (while maintaining circulating levels of VA) impacts ventricular gene expression profiles, progenitor cell numbers, and response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Asson-Batres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine;
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | | | | | - Clare Bates Congdon
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine; Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
| | | | | | - Cecile Rochette-Egly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France; and
| | - Truc-Linh Tran
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Subramanian U, Kumar P, Mani I, Chen D, Kessler I, Periyasamy R, Raghavaraju G, Pandey KN. Retinoic acid and sodium butyrate suppress the cardiac expression of hypertrophic markers and proinflammatory mediators in Npr1 gene-disrupted haplotype mice. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:477-90. [PMID: 27199456 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the genetically determined differences in the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) gene (Npr1) copies affecting the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers, proinflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in a gene-dose-dependent manner. We determined whether stimulation of Npr1 by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyric acid (SB) suppress the expression of cardiac disease markers. In the present study, we utilized Npr1 gene-disrupted heterozygous (Npr1(+/-), 1-copy), wild-type (Npr1(+/+), 2-copy), gene-duplicated (Npr1(++/+), 3-copy) mice, which were treated intraperitoneally with RA, SB, and a combination of RA/SB, a hybrid drug (HB) for 2 wk. Untreated 1-copy mice showed significantly increased heart weight-body weight (HW/BW) ratio, blood pressure, hypertrophic markers, including beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and proto-oncogenes (c-fos and c-jun), proinflammatory mediator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9) compared with 2-copy and 3-copy mice. The heterozygous (haplotype) 1-copy mice treated with RA, SB, or HB, exhibited significant reduction in the expression of β-MHC, c-fos, c-jun, NF-κB, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In drug-treated animals, the activity and expression levels of HDAC were significantly reduced and histone acetyltransferase activity and expression levels were increased. The drug treatments significantly increased the fractional shortening and reduced the systolic and diastolic parameters of the Npr1(+/-) mice hearts. Together, the present results demonstrate that a decreased Npr1 copy number enhanced the expression of hypertrophic markers, proinflammatory mediators, and MMPs, whereas an increased Npr1 repressed the cardiac disease markers in a gene-dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David Chen
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Isaac Kessler
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ramu Periyasamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Giri Raghavaraju
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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28
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Atrial overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improves the canine rapid atrial pacing-induced structural and electrical remodeling. Fan, ACE2 improves atrial substrate remodeling. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:45. [PMID: 26143546 PMCID: PMC7101981 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether atrial overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by homogeneous transmural atrial gene transfer can reverse atrial remodeling and its mechanisms in a canine atrial-pacing model. Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-operated, AF-control, gene therapy with adenovirus-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad-EGFP) and gene therapy with Ad-ACE2 (Ad-ACE2) (n = 7 per subgroup). AF was induced in all dogs except the Sham-operated group by rapid atrial pacing at 450 beats/min for 2 weeks. Ad-EGFP and Ad-ACE2 group then received epicardial gene painting. Three weeks after gene transfer, all animals except the Sham group underwent rapid atrial pacing for another 3 weeks and then invasive electrophysiological, histological and molecular studies. The Ad-ACE2 group showed an increased ACE2 and Angiotensin-(1–7) expression, and decreased Angiotensin II expression in comparison with Ad-EGFP and AF-control group. ACE2 overexpression attenuated rapid atrial pacing-induced increase in activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) levels, and decrease in MAPK phosphatase 1(MKP-1) level, resulting in attenuation of atrial fibrosis collagen protein markers and transforming growth factor-β1. Additionally, ACE2 overexpression also modulated the tachypacing-induced up-regulation of connexin 40, down-regulation of connexin 43 and Kv4.2, and significantly decreased the inducibility and duration of AF. ACE2 overexpression could shift the renin–angiotensin system balance towards the protective axis, attenuate cardiac fibrosis remodeling associated with up-regulation of MKP-1 and reduction of MAPKs activities, modulate tachypacing-induced ion channels and connexin remodeling, and subsequently reduce the inducibility and duration of AF.
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29
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LI CHANGYI, YANG LINGCHAO, GUO KAI, WANG YUEPENG, LI YIGANG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: A critical phosphatase manipulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cardiovascular disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1095-102. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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He Q, Pu J, Yuan A, Yao T, Ying X, Zhao Y, Xu L, Tong H, He B. Liver X receptor agonist treatment attenuates cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:149. [PMID: 25416469 PMCID: PMC4245833 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver X receptor (LXR) plays a critical regulatory role in metabolism and inflammation, and has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiovascular physiology/pathology. In the present study, we investigated the effect of GW3965, a potent LXR agonist, on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Non-diabetic db/+ mice and diabetic db/db mice received either vehicle or LXR agonist GW3965 for 12 weeks. Systemic insulin resistance was evaluated by glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. Endpoint cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and catheterization. Ventricular tissue was collected for histology and gene/protein expression analysis. Untreated db/db diabetic mice exhibited diastolic dysfunction with adverse structural remodeling (including myocardial fibrosis and increased apoptosis). Treatment with GW3965 remarkably attenuated myocardial dysfunction and structural remodeling in diabetic db/db mice. Mechanistically, GW3965 restored Akt phosphorylation and inhibited MAP kinases phosphorylation, and reduced oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammation response in the diabetic myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that GW3965 exerts a cardioprotective effect against DCM by (at least in part) attenuating insulin resistance, modulating Akt and MAP kinases pathways, and reducing oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory response. These findings strongly suggest that LXR agonist may have therapeutic potential in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Tianbao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Xiaoying Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Longwei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Damkjaer M, Jensen PH, Schwämmle V, Sprenger RR, Jacobsen IA, Jensen ON, Bie P. Selective renal vasoconstriction, exaggerated natriuresis and excretion rates of exosomic proteins in essential hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:106-18. [PMID: 25041901 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM In essential hypertension (EH), the regulation of renal sodium excretion is aberrant. We hypothesized that in mild EH, (i) abnormal dynamics of plasma renin concentration (PRC) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are responsible for the exaggerated natriuresis, and (ii) exosomic protein patterns reflect the renal tubular abnormality involved in the dysregulation of sodium excretion. METHODS After 2-week drug washout and 4-day diet, systemic and renal hemodynamics, cardio-renal hormones, glomerular filtration and renal excretion were studied in male patients during saline loading (SL). Excretion rates of exosome-related urinary proteins including apical membrane transporters were determined by proteomics-based methods. RESULTS In patients, baseline renal vascular conductance was reduced (-44%, P < 0.001), but non-renal vascular conductances were normal while PRC was reduced and ANP elevated (both P < 0.01). SL induced exaggerated natriuresis and reduced PRC (P < 0.01), at normal suppression rate. SL increased arterial pressure in patients (+11 mmHg, P < 0.001), but not in controls; however, during time control, patients showed identical increases (+10 mmHg, P < 0.005) apparently dissociating arterial pressure from natriuresis. At baseline, excretion rates of 438 proteins ranged from 0.07 to 49.8 pmol (mmol creatinine)(-1); 12 proteins were found in all subjects, and 21 proteins were found in two or more patients, but not in controls. In patients, the excretion rate of retinoic acid-induced gene 2 protein was reduced, and excretion rates of other proteins showed increased variances compatible with pathophysiological and clinical applicability. CONCLUSION Essential hypertension patients exhibit selective renal vasoconstriction and individually varying excretion rates of several exosome-related proteins. Hormonal changes, rather than arterial pressure, seem to cause exaggeration of natriuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Damkjaer
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - P. H. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - V. Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - R. R. Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - I. A. Jacobsen
- Department of Endocrinology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - O. N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - P. Bie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Zhu J, Ning RB, Lin XY, Chai DJ, Xu CS, Xie H, Zeng JZ, Lin JX. Retinoid X receptor agonists inhibit hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy by modulating LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K signaling pathway. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1112-24. [PMID: 24603314 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of RXRα agonist bexarotene on pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model and the underlying mechanism. METHODS WKY rats served as controls. SHRs were randomized into 3 groups at the age of 4 weeks and were treated (once daily for 12 weeks) with either bexarotene (30 or 100mg/kg body weight) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with AngII (10(-7) mmol/L) with or without the indicated concentration of RXRα ligand 9-cis-RA. The protein abundances of β-actin, RXRα, LKB1, phospho-LKB1, AMPK, phospho-AMPK, P70S6K, phospho-P70S6K, ACE, and AT1 receptor were measured along with blood pressure, body weight and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. The effects of LKB1 downregulation by LKB1 small, interfering RNA were examined. RESULTS Treatment of SHRs with bexarotene resulted in significant inhibition of LVH without eliminating hypertension. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from SHRs revealed that bexarotene activated the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway and inhibited p70S6K. However, the increased Ang II levels in SHR serum and heart tissue were not reduced by bexarotene treatment. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Ang II resulted in significantly reduced LKB1/AMPK activity and increased p70S6K activity. 9-cis-RA antagonized Ang II-induced LKB1/AMPK and p70S6K activation changes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS RXR agonists prevent the inhibition of the LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K pathway and regulate protein synthesis to reduce LVH. This antihypertrophic effect of bexarotene is independent of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Ning
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Da-Jun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
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Zhou TB, Ou C, Rong L, Drummen GPC. Effect of all-trans retinoic acid treatment on prohibitin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system expression in hypoxia-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:243-9. [PMID: 25031298 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314542727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exerts various effects on physiological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. Prohibitins (PHB), including prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2), are evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic proteins implicated in various cellular functions, including proliferation, tumor suppression, apoptosis, transcription, and mitochondrial protein folding. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis. All these factors and systems have been implicated in renal interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ATRA treatment on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and expression of prohibitins to further understand its role in the processes leading to renal interstitial fibrosis. METHODS The hypoxic and oxidative stress conditions in obstructive renal disease were simulated in a hypoxia/reoxygenation model with renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) as a model system. Subsequently, the effect of ATRA on mRNA and protein expression levels was determined and correlations were established between factors involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the prohibitins, cellular redox status, renal interstitial fibrosis and ATRA treatment. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed that both PHB1 and PHB2 protein levels were negatively correlated with angiotensin I, ACE1, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA (PHB1: r = -0.792, -0.834, -0.805, -0.795, -0.778, -0.798, -0.751, -0.682; PHB2: r = -0.872, -0.799, -0.838, -0.773, -0.769, -0.841, -0.794, -0.826; each p < 0.05), but positively correlated with ACE2, SOD, and GSH (PHB1: r = 0.796, 0.879, 0.824; PHB2: r = 0.785, 0.914, 0.849; each p < 0.05). ACE1 was positively correlated with angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and negatively correlated with ACE2, SOD, and GSH (each p < 0.05). ACE2 was negatively correlated with ACE1, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and positively correlated with SOD and GSH (each p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that ATRA acts as a positive regulator of PHB1, PHB2 and ACE2, and as a negative regulator of ACE1, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II in a RTEC model system under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ou
- Department of Experimental Pathology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NanNing China
| | - Liang Rong
- Department of Pediatric-neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregor P C Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio & Nano-Solutions, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pan J, Guleria RS, Zhu S, Baker KM. Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Receptors in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. J Clin Med 2014; 3:566-94. [PMID: 26237391 PMCID: PMC4449696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, is characterized by ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. There is no specific therapeutic strategy to effectively treat patients with DCM, due to a lack of a mechanistic understanding of the disease process. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RAR/RXR-mediated signaling has been implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, it has been reported that activation of RAR/RXR has an important role in preventing the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, through improving cardiac insulin resistance, inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses and the renin-angiotensin system. Moreover, downregulated RAR/RXR signaling has been demonstrated in diabetic myocardium, suggesting that impaired RAR/RXR signaling may be a trigger to accelerate diabetes-induced development of DCM. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of retinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and remodeling under diabetic conditions is important in providing the impetus for generating novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Sen Zhu
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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Manolescu DC, Jankowski M, Danalache BA, Wang D, Broderick TL, Chiasson JL, Gutkowska J. All-trans retinoic acid stimulates gene expression of the cardioprotective natriuretic peptide system and prevents fibrosis and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of obese ob/ob mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1127-36. [PMID: 25017112 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In hypertensive rodents, retinoic acid (RA) prevents adverse cardiac remodelling and improves myocardial infarction outcome, but its role in obesity-related changes of cardiac tissue are unclear. We hypothesized that all-trans RA (ATRA) treatment will improve the cardioprotective oxytocin-natriuretic peptides (OT-NP) system, preventing apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice, a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. Female 9-week-old B6.V-Lep/J ob/ob mice (n = 16) were divided into 2 groups: 1 group (n = 8) treated with 100 μg of ATRA dissolved in 100 μL of corn oil (vehicle) delivered daily (∼2 μg·g body weight(-1)·day(-1)) by stomach intubation for 16 days, and 1 group (n = 8) that received the vehicle alone. A group of nonobese littermate mice (n = 9) served as controls. Ob/ob mice exhibited obesity, hyperglycaemia, and downregulation of the cardiac OT-NP system, including the mRNA for the transcription factor GATA4, OT receptor and brain NP, and the protein expression for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hearts from ob/ob mice also demonstrated increased apoptosis and collagen accumulation. ATRA treatment induced weight loss and decreased adipocytes diameter in the visceral fat, thus reducing visceral obesity, which is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. RA treatment was associated with a reduction in hyperglycemia and a normalization of the OT-NP system's expression in the hearts of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, ATRA treatment prevented apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice. The present study indicates that ATRA treatment was effective in restoring the cardioprotective OT-NP system and in preventing abnormal cardiac remodelling in the ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Constantin Manolescu
- a Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Kotake D, Sato T, Hirasawa N. Retinoid signaling in pathological remodeling related to cardiovascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 729:144-7. [PMID: 24056119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids, the active derivatives of vitamin A, are critical signaling molecules in crucial biological processes such as embryonic development, the maintenance of immune function, and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Preclinical studies have shown that retinoids also regulate morphological changes during the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is complexly formed in a mutual chain reaction of various modern lifestyle-related risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. These factors induce the pathological remodeling of adipose tissue, the vasculature, and the ventricles, which are a potential target for retinoid signaling. This perspective highlights emerging topics and future prospectives on the relationship between CVD and retinoid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kotake
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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Huang MLH, Sivagurunathan S, Ting S, Jansson PJ, Austin CJD, Kelly M, Semsarian C, Zhang D, Richardson DR. Molecular and functional alterations in a mouse cardiac model of Friedreich ataxia: activation of the integrated stress response, eIF2α phosphorylation, and the induction of downstream targets. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:745-57. [PMID: 23886890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease resulting from marked frataxin deficiency. The condition is characterized by ataxia with fatal cardiomyopathy, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association between gene expression and progressive histopathological and functional changes using the muscle creatine kinase conditional frataxin knockout (KO) mouse; this mouse develops a severe cardiac phenotype that resembles that of FA patients. We examined KO mice from 3 weeks of age, when they are asymptomatic, to 10 weeks of age, when they die of the disease. Positive iron staining was identified in KO mice from 5 weeks of age, with markedly reduced cardiac function from 6 weeks. We identified an early and marked up-regulation of a gene cohort responsible for stress-induced amino acid biosynthesis and observed markedly increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), an activator of the integrated stress response, in KO mice at 3 weeks of age, relative to wild-type mice. Importantly, the eIF2α-mediated integrated stress response has been previously implicated in heart failure via downstream processes such as autophagy and apoptosis. Indeed, expression of a panel of autophagy and apoptosis markers was enhanced in KO mice. Thus, the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in FA correlates with the early and persistent eIF2α phosphorylation, which precedes activation of autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Li-Hsuan Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yuan Y, Zong J, Zhou H, Bian ZY, Deng W, Dai J, Gan HW, Yang Z, Li H, Tang QZ. Puerarin attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Cardiol 2013; 63:73-81. [PMID: 23906530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin is the most abundant isoflavonoid in kudzu root. It has been used to treat angina pectoris and myocardial infarction clinically. However, little is known about the effect of puerarin on cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Puerarin premixed in diets was administered to mice after one week of AB. Echocardiography and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters were performed at 7 weeks after starting puerarin treatment (8 weeks post-surgery). The extent of cardiac hypertrophy was also evaluated by pathological and molecular analyses of heart samples. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was assessed by measuring Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. In addition, the inhibitory effect of puerarin (1 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM) on mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in Ang II (1 μM)-stimulated H9c2 cells was investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Echocardiography and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters at 7 weeks revealed the amelioration of systolic and diastolic abnormalities. Puerarin also decreased cardiac fibrosis in AB mice. Moreover, the beneficial effect of puerarin was associated with the normalization in gene expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic markers. Further studies showed that pressure overload significantly induced the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which was blocked by puerarin treatment. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and induction of Bax in response to AB were suppressed by puerarin. Furthermore, the increased mRNA expression of ANP and BNP induced by Ang II (1 μM) was restrained to a different extent by different concentrations of puerarin. CONCLUSION Puerarin may have an ability to retard the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis which is probably mediated by the blockade of PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Wen Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Shchelochkov OA, Yu Z, Hernández-García A, Seymour ML, Oghalai JS, Pereira FA, Stockton DW, Justice MJ, Lee B, Scott DA. An allelic series of mice reveals a role for RERE in the development of multiple organs affected in chromosome 1p36 deletions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57460. [PMID: 23451234 PMCID: PMC3581587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions of chromosome 1p36 have a spectrum of defects that includes eye anomalies, postnatal growth deficiency, structural brain anomalies, seizures, cognitive impairment, delayed motor development, behavior problems, hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyopathy, and renal anomalies. The proximal 1p36 genes that contribute to these defects have not been clearly delineated. The arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats gene (RERE) is located in this region and encodes a nuclear receptor coregulator that plays a critical role in embryonic development as a positive regulator of retinoic acid signaling. Rere-null mice die of cardiac failure between E9.5 and E11.5. This limits their usefulness in studying the role of RERE in the latter stages of development and into adulthood. To overcome this limitation, we created an allelic series of RERE-deficient mice using an Rere-null allele, om, and a novel hypomorphic Rere allele, eyes3 (c.578T>C, p.Val193Ala), which we identified in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-based screen for autosomal recessive phenotypes. Analyses of these mice revealed microphthalmia, postnatal growth deficiency, brain hypoplasia, decreased numbers of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)-positive hippocampal neurons, hearing loss, cardiovascular malformations–aortic arch anomalies, double outlet right ventricle, and transposition of the great arteries, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects–spontaneous development of cardiac fibrosis and renal agenesis. These findings suggest that RERE plays a critical role in the development and function of multiple organs including the eye, brain, inner ear, heart and kidney. It follows that haploinsufficiency of RERE may contribute–alone or in conjunction with other genetic, environmental, or stochastic factors–to the development of many of the phenotypes seen in individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions that include the proximal region of chromosome 1p36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hitisha P. Zaveri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oleg A. Shchelochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrés Hernández-García
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Seymour
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United State of America
| | - Fred A. Pereira
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David W. Stockton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Soriano EA, Azevedo PS, Miot HA, Minicucci MF, Pansani MC, Matsubara LS, Okoshi K, Zornoff LAM, Matsubara BB, Paiva SAR. Cardiac remodeling induced by 13-cis retinoic acid treatment in acne patients. Int J Cardiol 2013; 163:68-71. [PMID: 21663986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) is the most effective therapy for acne. Isotretinoin, a first-generation synthetic 13-cis-RA compound, is associated with numerous adverse effects. To investigate the cardiac effects of 13-cis-RA, acne patients receiving 13-cis-RA were studied. METHODS Twenty male patients with acne were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/d of isotretinoin. All participants were assessed prior to treatment and after 10 weeks of therapy with Doppler-echocardiogram. RESULTS Patients showed reductions in right atrium vertical diameter, left atrium longitudinal diameter, left atrium volume and left ventricular diastolic diameter over the course of treatment. Significant increases in interventricular septum diastolic thickness, posterior wall diastolic thickness, relative wall relative thickness and left ventricle (LV) mass were observed. The LV mass index showed an increase in ventricular mass and a decrease in the cavity size. Examining LV systolic function, a decrease was observed for the cardiac index. CONCLUSION In this study, 10 weeks of 13-cis-RA therapy at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/d was found to promote concentric-type heart remodeling due to the occurrence of two associated events: heart hypertrophy and hypovolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A Soriano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Guleria RS, Singh AB, Nizamutdinova IT, Souslova T, Mohammad AA, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Activation of retinoid receptor-mediated signaling ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in Zucker diabetic rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:106-18. [PMID: 23395853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Retinoids, through activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), have been linked to control glucose and lipid homeostasis, with effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the functional role of RAR and RXR in the development of DCM remains unclear. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean rats were treated with Am580 (RARα agonist) or LGD1069 (RXR agonist) for 16 weeks, and cardiac function and metabolic alterations were determined. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed in ZDF rats. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized in ZDF rats by increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling and diminished Akt phosphorylation, along with decreased glucose transport and increased cardiac lipid accumulation, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Am580 and LGD1069 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the pathological alterations, by improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance; facilitating Akt activation and glucose utilization, and attenuating oxidative stress and interrelated MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Am580 inhibited body weight gain, attenuated the increased cardiac fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and lipid accumulation in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, LGD1069 promoted body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and cardiac lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of RAR and RXR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of RAR and RXR in the regulation of lipid metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
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Nizamutdinova IT, Guleria RS, Singh AB, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Retinoic acid protects cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:380-92. [PMID: 22718360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) has protective effects on high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RA effects, we determined the interaction between nuclear factor (NF)-κB and RA signaling. HG induced a sustained phosphorylation of IKK/IκBα and transcriptional activation of NF-κB in cardiomyocytes. Activated NF-κB signaling has an important role in HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All-trans RA (ATRA) and LGD1069, through activation of RAR/RXR-mediated signaling, inhibited the HG-mediated effects in cardiomyocytes. The inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB activation was mediated through inhibition of IKK/IκBα phosphorylation. ATRA and LGD1069 treatment promoted protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, which was significantly suppressed by HG stimulation. The RA effects on IKK and IκBα were blocked by okadaic acid or silencing the expression of PP2Ac-subunit, indicating that the inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB is regulated through activation of PP2A and subsequent dephosphorylation of IKK/IκBα. Moreover, ATRA and LGD1069 reversed the decreased PP2A activity and inhibited the activation of IKK/IκBα and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In summary, our findings suggest that the suppressed activation of PP2A contributed to sustained activation of NF-κB in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes; and that the protective effect of RA on hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses is partially regulated through activation of PP2A and suppression of NF-κB-mediated signaling and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T Nizamutdinova
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Lou S, Zhong L, Yang X, Xue T, Gai R, Zhu D, Zhao Y, Yang B, Ying M, He Q. Efficacy of all-trans retinoid acid in preventing nickel induced cardiotoxicity in myocardial cells of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:251-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The controversial role of retinoic acid in fibrotic diseases: analysis of involved signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:226-43. [PMID: 23344030 PMCID: PMC3565260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as liver, pulmonary and renal fibrosis, are common end-stage conditions and represent a major global health problem. Furthermore, effective therapeutic measures are presently unavailable. Extracellular matrix accumulation is the most prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. Retinoic acid, including all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid, play important roles in various physiological processes, such as in embryonic development, reproduction, vision, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. Present studies report that retinoic acid treatment may affect various processes involved in the onset and progression of fibrotic disease. However, the therapeutic effects of retinoic acid in such diseases remain controversial. Several reports indicate that retinoic acid positively affects the progression of fibrosis and alleviates the accumulation of the extracellular matrix, whereas other studies report the opposite; that retinoic acid exacerbates fibrosis and induces extracellular matrix accumulation. Signaling pathways might be an important influencing factor and differences in signaling events might be responsible for the contradictory role of retinoic acid in fibrotic diseases. Since there was no review available that investigated the role of retinoic acid and the signaling pathways involved, we retrospectively studied the literature and provide a comprehensive analysis of retinoic acid’s role in fibrotic diseases, and provide an overview of the signal transduction pathways involved in its pathogenesis.
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Zhou TB, Wu WF, Qin YH, Yin SS. Association of all-trans retinoic acid treatment with the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system expression in glomerulosclerosis rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:299-307. [PMID: 23144044 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312465220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a promising therapeutic agent, has been confirmed in animal experiments as playing a protective role against renal diseases. The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, and RAAS inhibitors can prevent the progression of kidney diseases. In our previous study, we found that ATRA could play a protective role against glomerulosclerosis (GS) lesions in rats, and its effect was similar to RAAS inhibitors. However, whether ATRA treatment was associated with RAAS expression was not clear. METHODS Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (SHO), glomerulosclerosis model group without treatment (GS) and GS model group treated with ATRA (GA). At the end of 13 weeks, the relevant samples were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) in the GS group was notably higher when compared with the SHO group. However, mRNA and protein expression of ACE1 in the ATRA treatment group was markedly down-regulated when compared with the GS group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression (mRNA or protein) in the GS group was reduced compared with that in the SHO group, and ATRA markedly increased the mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 compared with the GS group. The levels of protein expression of angiotensin I and angiotensin II were significantly up-regulated in the GS group compared with those in the SHO group, and ATRA reduced their expression in the GA group when compared with the GS group. CONCLUSION ATRA is associated with RAAS expression in GS rats, but its detailed mechanism needs to be elucidated by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Singh AB, Guleria RS, Nizamutdinova IT, Baker KM, Pan J. High glucose-induced repression of RAR/RXR in cardiomyocytes is mediated through oxidative stress/JNK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2632-44. [PMID: 21882190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of retinoids are mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have recently reported that decreased expression of RARα and RXRα has an important role in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HG effects on RARα and RXRα remain unclear. Using neonatal cardiomyocytes, we found that ligand-induced promoter activity of RAR and RXR was significantly suppressed by HG. HG promoted protein destabilization and serine-phosphorylation of RARα and RXRα. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked the inhibitory effect of HG on RARα and RXRα. Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) abolished the HG effect. In contrast, H(2)O(2) stimulation suppressed the expression and ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα. HG promoted phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases, which was abrogated by an ROS inhibitor. Inhibition of JNK, but not ERK and p38 activity, reversed HG effects on RARα and RXRα. Activation of JNK by over expressing MKK7 and MEKK1, resulted in significant downregulation of RARα and RXRα. Ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα was also suppressed by overexpression of MEKK1. HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was potentiated by activation of JNK, and prevented by all-trans retinoic acid and inhibition of JNK. Silencing the expression of RARα and RXRα activated the JNK pathway. In conclusion, HG-induced oxidative stress and activation of the JNK pathway negatively regulated expression/activation of RAR and RXR. The impaired RAR/RXR signaling and oxidative stress/JNK pathway forms a vicious circle, which significantly contributes to hyperglycemia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Snyder R, Thekkumkara T. 13-cis-Retinoic acid specific down-regulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor in rat liver epithelial and aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:99-114. [PMID: 22180636 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional repression through cis- and trans-acting factors enabling an alternate approach to control angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 or AGTR1 as listed in the MGI database) expression has not been studied. In previous investigations, treatment with retinoic acid was found to be associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity. In our previous study, expression of AT1 was found to be inversely correlated with intracellular glucose concentrations. Therefore, we hypothesized that 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA), an antioxidant, enhances insulin-sensitive glucose-mediated down-regulation of the AT1. In this study, we used continuously passaged rat liver epithelial cells. Our study shows that cells exposed to 13cRA specifically down-regulated the AT1 protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner, independently of any change in receptor affinity. Down-regulation of the AT1 expression leads to reduced AngII-mediated intracellular calcium release, a hallmark of receptor-mediated intracellular signaling. Similarly with receptor down-regulation, we observed a significant reduction in AT1 mRNA; however, the AT1 down-regulation was independent of insulin-sensitive glucose uptake and retinoic acid receptor activation (RAR/RXR). Treatment with 13cRA resulted in phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinases in these cells. Subsequent studies using MEK inhibitor PD98059 prevented 13cRA-mediated AT1 down-regulation and restored AngII-mediated intracellular calcium response. Furthermore, 13cRA-mediated inhibitory effects on AT1 were validated in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that 13cRA has a glucose- and RAR/RXR-independent mechanism for transcriptional inhibition of AT1, suggesting its therapeutic potential in systems in which AT1 expression is deregulated in insulin-sensitive and -insensitive tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Aorta/cytology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucose/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Liver/cytology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
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McCollum LT, Gallagher PE, Tallant EA. Angiotensin-(1-7) abrogates mitogen-stimulated proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Peptides 2012; 34:380-8. [PMID: 22326709 PMCID: PMC3326596 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] attenuates cardiac remodeling by reducing both interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Although a high affinity binding site for Ang-(1-7) was identified on cardiac fibroblasts, the molecular mechanisms activated by the heptapeptide hormone were not identified. We isolated cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal rat hearts to investigate signaling pathways activated by Ang-(1-7) that participate in fibroblast proliferation. Ang-(1-7) reduced (3)H-thymidine, -leucine and -proline incorporation into cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with serum or the mitogen endothelin-1 (ET-1), demonstrating that the heptapeptide hormone decreases DNA, protein and collagen synthesis. The reduction in DNA synthesis by Ang-(1-7) was blocked by the AT((1-7)) receptor antagonist [d-Ala(7)]-Ang-(1-7), showing specificity of the response. Treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with Ang-(1-7) reduced the Ang II- or ET-1-stimulated increase in phospho-ERK1 and -ERK2. In contrast, Ang-(1-7) increased dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP1 immunoreactivity and mRNA, suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone increases DUSP1 to reduce MAP kinase phosphorylation and activity. Incubation of cardiac fibroblasts with ET-1 increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin synthase (PGES) mRNAs, while Ang-(1-7) blocked the increase in both enzymes, suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone alters the concentration and the balance between the proliferative and anti-proliferative prostaglandins. Collectively, these results indicate that Ang-(1-7) participates in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by reducing proliferation and collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts in association with up-regulation of DUSP1 to reduce MAP kinase activities and attenuation of the synthesis of mitogenic prostaglandins. Increased Ang-(1-7) or agents that enhance production of the heptapeptide hormone may prevent abnormal fibrosis that occurs during cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTronya T McCollum
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1032, USA
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Nogueira-Silva C, Carvalho-Dias E, Piairo P, Nunes S, Baptista MJ, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J. Local fetal lung renin-angiotensin system as a target to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Mol Med 2012; 18:231-43. [PMID: 22113494 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal stimulation of lung growth is a reasonable approach to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a disease characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Several evidences from the literature demonstrated a possible involvement of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during fetal lung development. Thus, the expression pattern of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, type 1 (AT₁) and type 2 (AT₂) receptors of angiotensin II (ANGII) was assessed by immunohisto-chemistry throughout gestation, whereas the function of RAS in the fetal lung was evaluated using fetal rat lung explants. These were morphometrically analyzed and intracellular pathway alterations assessed by Western blot. In nitrofen-induced CDH model, pregnant rats were treated with saline or PD-123319. In pups, lung growth, protein/DNA ratio, radial saccular count, epithelial differentiation and lung maturation, vascular morphometry, right ventricular hypertrophy and overload molecular markers, gasometry and survival time were evaluated. Results demonstrated that all RAS components were constitutively expressed in the lung during gestation and that ANGII had a stimulatory effect on lung branching, mediated by AT₁ receptor, through p44/42 and Akt phosphorylation. This stimulatory effect on lung growth was mimicked by AT₂-antagonist (PD-123319) treatment. In vivo antenatal PD-123319 treatment increased lung growth, ameliorated indirect parameters of pulmonary hypertension, improved lung function and survival time in nonventilated CDH pups, without maternal or fetal deleterious effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated a local and physiologically active RAS during lung morphogenesis. Moreover, selective inhibition of AT₂ receptor is presented as a putative antenatal therapy for CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute-ICVS, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Wancket LM, Frazier WJ, Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 in immunology, physiology, and disease. Life Sci 2012; 90:237-48. [PMID: 22197448 PMCID: PMC3465723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of cellular physiology and immune responses, and abnormalities in MAPKs are implicated in many diseases. MAPKs are activated by MAPK kinases through phosphorylation of the threonine and tyrosine residues in the conserved Thr-Xaa-Tyr domain, where Xaa represents amino acid residues characteristic of distinct MAPK subfamilies. Since MAPKs play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, a delicate regulatory network has evolved to control their activities. Over the past two decades, a group of dual specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) has been identified that deactivates MAPKs. Since MAPKs can enhance MKP activities, MKPs are considered as an important feedback control mechanism that limits the MAPK cascades. This review outlines the role of MKP-1, a prototypical MKP family member, in physiology and disease. We will first discuss the basic biochemistry and regulation of MKP-1. Next, we will present the current consensus on the immunological and physiological functions of MKP-1 in infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and nervous system diseases as revealed by studies using animal models. We will also discuss the emerging evidence implicating MKP-1 in human disorders. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the potential for pharmacomodulation of MKP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn M. Wancket
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - W. Joshua Frazier
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Yusen Liu
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
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