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Holmes H, Saini BS, Moir OJ, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Sun L, Seed M. Pulmonary Vascular Regulation in the Fetal and Transitional Lung. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:1-19. [PMID: 38325936 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fetal lungs have fewer and smaller arteries with higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than a newborn. As gestation advances, the pulmonary circulation becomes more sensitive to changes in pulmonary arterial oxygen tension, which prepares them for the dramatic drop in PVR and increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF) that occur when the baby takes its first few breaths of air, thus driving the transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. Dynamic and intricate regulatory mechanisms control PBF throughout development and are essential in supporting gas exchange after birth. Understanding these concepts is crucial given the role the pulmonary vasculature plays in the development of complications with transition, such as in the setting of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and congenital heart disease. An improved understanding of pulmonary vascular regulation may reveal opportunities for better clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holmes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Olivia J Moir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.
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2
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Stokes G, Li Z, Talaba N, Genthe W, Brix MB, Pham B, Wienhold MD, Sandok G, Hernan R, Wynn J, Tang H, Tabima DM, Rodgers A, Hacker TA, Chesler NC, Zhang P, Murad R, Yuan JXJ, Shen Y, Chung WK, McCulley DJ. Rescuing lung development through embryonic inhibition of histone acetylation. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadc8930. [PMID: 38295182 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A major barrier to the impact of genomic diagnosis in patients with congenital malformations is the lack of understanding regarding how sequence variants contribute to disease pathogenesis and whether this information could be used to generate patient-specific therapies. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is among the most common and severe of all structural malformations; however, its underlying mechanisms are unclear. We identified loss-of-function sequence variants in the epigenomic regulator gene SIN3A in two patients with complex CDH. Tissue-specific deletion of Sin3a in mice resulted in defects in diaphragm development, lung hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension, the cardinal features of CDH and major causes of CDH-associated mortality. Loss of SIN3A in the lung mesenchyme resulted in reduced cellular differentiation, impaired cell proliferation, and increased DNA damage. Treatment of embryonic Sin3a mutant mice with anacardic acid, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, reduced DNA damage, increased cell proliferation and differentiation, improved lung and pulmonary vascular development, and reduced pulmonary hypertension. These findings demonstrate that restoring the balance of histone acetylation can improve lung development in the Sin3a mouse model of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangela Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhuowei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole Talaba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - William Genthe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Maria B Brix
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Betty Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Gracia Sandok
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Diana M Tabima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allison Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rabi Murad
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, and JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Li J, Liu Y, Huang H, Jin L. Cardiovascular health of offspring conceived by assisted reproduction technology: a comprehensive review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1287060. [PMID: 38292241 PMCID: PMC10824981 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1287060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has rapidly increased. As a result, an increasing number of people are concerned about the safety of offspring produced through ART. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in offspring conceived using ART. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in altered DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression, as well as imprinting disorders. We also summarize studies on cardiovascular changes and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as adverse intrauterine environments, perinatal complications, and altered metabolism following assisted reproductive technology (ART). Finally, we emphasize the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the increased risk of CVD in offspring conceived through ART, which could contribute to the early diagnosis and prevention of CVD in the ART population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Wu P, Zhu T, Tan Z, Chen S, Fang Z. Role of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:812303. [PMID: 35601107 PMCID: PMC9121061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.812303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in maintaining host homeostasis. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant clinical syndrome with a frightening mortality. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important feature of PAH, and its pathogenesis is not well established. With the progress of studies on intestinal microbes in different disease, cumulative evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in PAH pathophysiology. In this review, we will systematically summarize translational and preclinical data on the correlation between gut dysbiosis and PAH and investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in the causation of PAH. Then, we point out the potential significance of gut dysbiosis in the diagnosis and treatment of PAH as well as several problems that remain to be resolved in the field of gut dysbiosis and PAH. All of this knowledge of gut microbiome might pave the way for the extension of novel pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and targeted therapies for PAH.
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5
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Zhu W, Zhang Z, Gui W, Shen Z, Chen Y, Yin X, Liang L, Li L. Identification of the Key Pathways and Genes in Hypoxia Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Following Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:789736. [PMID: 35433826 PMCID: PMC9008831 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.789736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify susceptibility modules and genes in liver tissue for the hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) animal model following intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). A total of 5,000 genes were clustered into eight co-expression modules via WGCNA. Module blue was mostly significantly correlated with the IUGR–hypoxia group. Gene Ontology analysis showed that genes in the module blue were mainly enriched in the fatty acid metabolic process, lipid modification, and fatty acid catabolic process. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the genes in module blue were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the maximal clique centrality method was used to identify the hub genes in the subnetworks, and the obtained results were verified using real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, we identified that four genes including Cyp2f4, Lipc, Acadl, and Hacl1 were significantly associated with IUGR-hypoxia. Our study identified a module and several key genes that acted as essential components in the etiology of the long-term metabolic consequences in hypoxia PAH following IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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6
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Poeran-Bahadoer SD, van Meel ER, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV, Duijts L. Influence of maternal vomiting during early pregnancy on school-age respiratory health. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:367-375. [PMID: 34738332 PMCID: PMC9299134 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperemesis gravidarum, a clinical entity characterized by severe nausea and excess vomiting, might lead to a suboptimal maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and subsequently to adverse respiratory health in the offspring. The role of common vomiting symptoms on offspring's respiratory health is unclear. We examined the associations of maternal daily vomiting during early pregnancy with childhood respiratory outcomes, and potential explaining factors. METHODS This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards among 4232 mothers and their children. Maternal vomiting during early pregnancy was assessed by a questionnaire. At age 10 years, information on current wheezing and ever asthma was obtained by a questionnaire, and lung function was measured by spirometry at our research center. We used multiple regression analyses to assess the associations of maternal daily vomiting during early pregnancy with childhood respiratory outcomes. RESULTS Compared to children from mothers without daily vomiting during early pregnancy, children from mothers with daily vomiting during early pregnancy had a higher forced expiratory flow when 75% of the forced vital capacity (FVC) is exhaled (Z-score difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.13 [0.03, 0.23]), and an increased risk of current wheezing and ever asthma ([odds ratio, OR] [95% CI]: 1.75 [1.10, 2.79] and 1.61 [1.13, 2.31], respectively). These associations were fully explained by sociodemographic factors, but not sex or lifestyle-, infectious-, or growth-related factors. Maternal daily vomiting during early pregnancy was not associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), FVC, and FEV1 /FVC. CONCLUSION Only sociodemographic factors explain the associations of maternal daily vomiting during early pregnancy with childhood respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayna D Poeran-Bahadoer
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien R van Meel
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Krzyśko- Pieczka I, Skowrońska B, Sliwowska JH. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes - From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785674. [PMID: 35197931 PMCID: PMC8858803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period, during which a fully formed newborn capable of surviving outside its mother's body is built from a single cell, is critical for human development. It is also the time when the foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, which may modulate the course of its development. Both epidemiological and animal studies have shown that foetal programming of physiological systems may alter the growth and function of organs and lead to pathology in adulthood. Nutrition is a particularly important environmental factor for the pregnant mother as it affects the condition of offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an unbalanced maternal metabolic status (under- or overnutrition) may cause long-lasting physiological and behavioural alterations, resulting in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Various diets are used in laboratory settings in order to induce maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, and to alter the offspring development. The most popular models are: high-fat, high-sugar, high-fat-high-sugar, and cafeteria diets. Maternal undernutrition models are also used, which results in metabolic problems in offspring. Similarly to animal data, human studies have shown the influence of mothers' diets on the development of children. There is a strong link between the maternal diet and the birth weight, metabolic state, changes in the cardiovascular and central nervous system of the offspring. The mechanisms linking impaired foetal development and adult diseases remain under discussion. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play a major role in prenatal programming. Additionally, sexually dimorphic effects on offspring are observed. Therefore, further research on both sexes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gertig-Kolasa
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Krzyśko- Pieczka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna H. Sliwowska,
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8
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Ren J, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Bradshaw EL, Orgeig S, Perumal SR, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Impact of maternal late gestation undernutrition on surfactant maturation, pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery measured by magnetic resonance imaging in the sheep fetus. J Physiol 2021; 599:4705-4724. [PMID: 34487347 DOI: 10.1113/jp281292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. The effects on surfactant maturation are mediated by alteration in mechanisms regulating surfactant protein and phospholipid synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) and LGUN plus fetal glucose infusion (LGUN+G) compared to Control on surfactant maturation and lung development, and the relationship with pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery ( D O 2 ) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with molecules that regulate lung development. LGUN from 115 to 140 days' gestation significantly decreased fetal body weight, which was normalized by glucose infusion. LGUN and LGUN+G resulted in decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration, with no change in fetal arterial P O 2 compared to control. There was no effect of LGUN and LGUN+G on the mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SFTP) and genes regulating surfactant maturation in the fetal lung. However, blood flow in the main pulmonary artery was significantly increased in LGUN, despite no change in blood flow in the left or right pulmonary artery and D O 2 to the fetal lung. There was a negative relationship between left pulmonary artery flow and D O 2 to the left lung with SFTP-B and GLUT1 mRNA expression, while their relationship with VEGFR2 was positive. These results suggest that increased pulmonary blood flow measured by MRI may have an adverse effect on surfactant maturation during fetal lung development. KEY POINTS: Maternal undernutrition during gestation alters fetal lung development by impacting surfactant maturation. However, the direction of change remains controversial. We examined the effects of maternal late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) on maternal and fetal outcomes, signalling pathways involved in fetal lung development, pulmonary haemodynamics and oxygen delivery in sheep using a combination of molecular and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. LGUN decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration without affecting arterial P O 2 . Surfactant maturation was not affected; however, main pulmonary artery blood flow was significantly increased in the LGUN fetuses. This is the first study to explore the relationship between in utero MRI measures of pulmonary haemodynamics and lung development. Across all treatment groups, left pulmonary artery blood flow and oxygen delivery were negatively correlated with surfactant protein B mRNA and protein expression in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Comparison of Histone H3K4me3 between IVF and ICSI Technologies and between Boy and Girl Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168574. [PMID: 34445278 PMCID: PMC8395251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics play a vital role in early embryo development. Offspring conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a three times higher risk of epigenetic diseases than naturally conceived children. However, investigations into ART-associated placental histone modifications or sex-stratified analyses of ART-associated histone modifications remain limited. In the current study, we carried out immunohistochemistry, chip-sequence analysis, and a series of in vitro experiments. Our results demonstrated that placentas from intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but not in vitro fertilization (IVF), showed global tri-methylated-histone-H3-lysine-4 (H3K4me3) alteration compared to those from natural conception. However, for acetylated-histone-H3-lysine-9 (H3K9ac) and acetylated-histone-H3-lysine-27 (H3K27ac), no significant differences between groups could be found. Further, sex -stratified analysis found that, compared with the same-gender newborn cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) from natural conceptions, CBMC from ICSI-boys presented more genes with differentially enriched H3K4me3 (n = 198) than those from ICSI-girls (n = 79), IVF-girls (n = 5), and IVF-boys (n = 2). We also found that varying oxygen conditions, RNA polymerase II subunit A (Polr2A), and lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) regulated H3K4me3. These findings revealed a difference between IVF and ICSI and a difference between boys and girls in H3K4me3 modification, providing greater insight into ART-associated epigenetic alteration.
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10
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Sitzberger C, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Freiberger A, Brössner A, Engelhard J, Felberbaum R, Wacker-Gußmann A. Cardiovascular risks of children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a systematic review. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-021-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Ruggeri E, Lira-Albarrán S, Grow EJ, Liu X, Harner R, Maltepe E, Ramalho-Santos M, Donjacour A, Rinaudo P. Sex-specific epigenetic profile of inner cell mass of mice conceived in vivo or by IVF. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:866-878. [PMID: 33010164 PMCID: PMC7821709 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The preimplantation stage of development is exquisitely sensitive to environmental stresses, and changes occurring during this developmental phase may have long-term health effects. Animal studies indicate that IVF offspring display metabolic alterations, including hypertension, glucose intolerance and cardiac hypertrophy, often in a sexual dimorphic fashion. The detailed nature of epigenetic changes following in-vitro culture is, however, unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the epigenetic (using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq)) and transcriptomic changes (using RNA-seq) occurring in the inner cell mass (ICM) of male or female mouse embryos generated in vivo or by IVF. We found that the ICM of IVF embryos, compared to the in-vivo ICM, differed in 3% of differentially methylated regions (DMRs), of which 0.1% were located on CpG islands. ATAC-seq revealed that 293 regions were more accessible and 101 were less accessible in IVF embryos, while RNA-seq revealed that 21 genes were differentially regulated in IVF embryos. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that stress signalling (STAT and NF-kB signalling), developmental processes and cardiac hypertrophy signalling showed consistent changes in WGBS and ATAC-seq platforms. In contrast, male and female embryos showed minimal changes. Male ICM had an increased number of significantly hyper-methylated DMRs, while only 27 regions showed different chromatin accessibility and only one gene was differentially expressed. In summary, this study provides the first comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and RNA expression changes induced by IVF in male and female ICMs. This dataset can be of value to all researchers interested in the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis and might lead to a better understanding of how early embryonic manipulation may affect adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ruggeri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- San Diego Zoo Global, Institute for Conservation Research, Reproductive Sciences, Escondido, CA, 92027, USA
| | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Edward J Grow
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Royce Harner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Annemarie Donjacour
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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12
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Kardiovaskuläre Risiken von Kindern nach assistierter Reproduktion – eine systematische Übersicht. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-020-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Yang H, Kuhn C, Kolben T, Ma Z, Lin P, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Early Life Oxidative Stress and Long-Lasting Cardiovascular Effects on Offspring Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155175. [PMID: 32707756 PMCID: PMC7432066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has rapidly developed and is now widely practised worldwide. Both the characteristics of ART (handling gametes/embryos in vitro) and the infertility backgrounds of ART parents (such as infertility diseases and unfavourable lifestyles or diets) could cause increased oxidative stress (OS) that may exert adverse influences on gametogenesis, fertilisation, and foetation, even causing a long-lasting influence on the offspring. For these reasons, the safety of ART needs to be closely examined. In this review, from an ART safety standpoint, the origins of OS are reviewed, and the long-lasting cardiovascular effects and potential mechanisms of OS on the offspring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)821-400-165505
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
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14
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Aye CYL, Lewandowski AJ, Lamata P, Upton R, Davis E, Ohuma EO, Kenworthy Y, Boardman H, Frost AL, Adwani S, McCormick K, Leeson P. Prenatal and Postnatal Cardiac Development in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014586. [PMID: 32349586 PMCID: PMC7428573 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction are associated with altered prenatal and postnatal cardiac development. We studied whether there were changes related specifically to pregnancy hypertension. Methods and Results Left and right ventricular volumes, mass, and function were assessed at birth and 3 months of age by echocardiography in 134 term‐born infants. Fifty‐four had been born to mothers who had normotensive pregnancy and 80 had a diagnosis of preeclampsia or pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Differences between groups were interpreted, taking into account severity of pregnancy disorder, sex, body size, and blood pressure. Left and right ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMI and RVMI) were similar in both groups at birth (LVMI 20.9±3.7 versus 20.6±4.0 g/m2, P=0.64, RVMI 17.5±3.7 versus 18.1±4.7 g/m2, P=0.57). However, right ventricular end diastolic volume index was significantly smaller in those born to hypertensive pregnancy (16.8±5.3 versus 12.7±4.7 mL/m2, P=0.001), persisting at 3 months of age (16.4±3.2 versus 14.4±4.8 mL/m2, P=0.04). By 3 months of age these infants also had significantly greater LVMI and RVMI (LVMI 24.9±4.6 versus 26.8±4.9 g/m2, P=0.04; RVMI 17.1±4.2 versus 21.1±3.9 g/m2, P<0.001). Differences in RVMI and right ventricular end diastolic volume index at 3 months, but not left ventricular measures, correlated with severity of the hypertensive disorder. No differences in systolic or diastolic function were evident. Conclusions Infants born at term to a hypertensive pregnancy have evidence of both prenatal and postnatal differences in cardiac development, with right ventricular changes proportional to the severity of the pregnancy disorder. Whether differences persist long term as well as their underlying cause and relationship to increased cardiovascular risk requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y L Aye
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Lamata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Ross Upton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Esther Davis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Henry Boardman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle L Frost
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Satish Adwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Oxford United Kingdom
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15
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Ganguly E, Hula N, Spaans F, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Placenta-targeted treatment strategies: An opportunity to impact fetal development and improve offspring health later in life. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104836. [PMID: 32344051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory states that a sub-optimal prenatal and early postnatal environment during development leads to an increased risk of long-term development of adult chronic diseases. Developmental programming of disease has the potential to greatly impact the health of our population. Therefore, research has focused on the development of primary treatment strategies and/or therapeutic interventions for individuals who are at increased risk, with the objective to reverse or prevent later life onset of chronic disease in the offspring born from complicated pregnancies. Many studies have focused on systemic treatments and/or interventions in complicated pregnancies to improve offspring outcomes. However, there are limitations to systemic maternal/prenatal treatments, as most of the treatments are able to cross the placenta and have potential adverse off-target effects on the developing fetus. The placenta serves as the primary interface between mother and fetus, and placental dysfunction in complicated pregnancies has been associated with impaired fetal development and negative impact on offspring health. Therefore, recent research has focused on treatment strategies that specifically target the placenta to improve placental function and prevent passage of prenatal therapeutics and/or treatments into the fetal circulation, thus avoiding any potential adverse off-target effects on the fetus. This article reviews the currently available knowledge on treatment strategies and/or therapeutics that specifically target the placenta with the goal of improving pregnancy outcomes with a focus on long-term health of the offspring born of complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nataliia Hula
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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16
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Julian CG. An Aptitude for Altitude: Are Epigenomic Processes Involved? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1397. [PMID: 31824328 PMCID: PMC6883803 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high-throughput genomic technologies and computational advancements have invigorated efforts to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating human adaptation to high altitude. Although exceptional progress regarding the identification of genomic regions showing evidence of recent positive selection has been made, many of the key “hypoxia tolerant” phenotypes of highland populations have not yet been linked to putative adaptive genetic variants. As a result, fundamental questions regarding the biological processes by which such adaptations are acquired remain unanswered. This Mini Review discusses the hypothesis that the epigenome works in coordination with underlying genomic sequence to govern adaptation to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude by influencing adaptive capacity and phenotypic variation under conditions of environmental hypoxia. Efforts to unravel the complex interactions between the genome, epigenome, and environmental exposures are essential to more fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying human adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Julian
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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17
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Fineman DC, Baer RJ, Chambers CD, Rajagopal S, Maltepe E, Rinaudo PF, Fineman JR, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Steurer MA. Outcomes of pulmonary vascular disease in infants conceived with non-IVF fertility treatment and assisted reproductive technologies at 1 year of age. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1844-1852. [PMID: 31328432 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To determine potential differences in outcomes associated with pulmonary vascular disease in infants born to mothers receiving any infertility treatment including ART and non-IVF fertility treatments (NIFTs). DESIGN/METHODS The sample was derived from an administrative database containing detailed information on infant and maternal characteristics for live-born infants in California (2007-2012) with gestational age (GA) 22 to 44 weeks. Cases were defined as infants with ICD-9 code for pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and records for ART/NIFT. Controls were randomly selected at a 1:4 ratio. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS We identified 159 cases and 636 controls. Mothers that utilized ART/NIFT were older, to be of the Caucasian race, to have pre-eclampsia, private insurance, and education >12 years (P < .001). Cases compared to controls were more premature, had lower birth weights, and were more often the product of a multiple gestation pregnancy (P < .001). Cases had a higher 1-year mortality (18.2% vs 9.1%; OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6), more severe PVD (86.2% vs 72.3%; OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9), and a longer hospital stay (66.7 ± 73.0 vs 32.5 ± 47.2 days; P < .001) than controls. However, when adjusting for GA these differences become statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION Children born following ART/NIFT with PVD had increased mortality compared to infants with PVD but without ART/NIFT. The primary driver of this relationship is prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Satish Rajagopal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paolo F Rinaudo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Martina A Steurer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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18
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Cheng X, Wang Y, Du L. Epigenetic Modulation in the Initiation and Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:733-739. [PMID: 31476913 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease with multiple etiologies. In addition to genetics, recent studies have revealed the epigenetic modulation in the initiation and progression of PH. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PH, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. We further emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these epigenetic hallmarks in PH. Finally, we highlight the developmental reprogramming in adult-onset PH because of adverse perinatal exposures such as intrauterine growth restriction and extrauterine growth restriction. Therefore, epigenetic modifications provide promise for the therapy and prevention of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cheng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, (X.C., Y.W.) Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, (X.C., Y.W.) Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Meister TA, Rimoldi SF, Soria R, von Arx R, Messerli FH, Sartori C, Scherrer U, Rexhaj E. Association of Assisted Reproductive Technologies With Arterial Hypertension During Adolescence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1267-1274. [PMID: 30190005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been shown to induce premature vascular aging in apparently healthy children. In mice, ART-induced premature vascular aging evolves into arterial hypertension. Given the young age of the human ART group, long-term sequelae of ART-induced alterations of the cardiovascular phenotype are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that vascular alterations persist in adolescents and young adults conceived by ART and that arterial hypertension possibly represents the first detectable clinically relevant endpoint in this group. METHODS Five years after the initial assessment, the study investigators reassessed vascular function and performed 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) in 54 young, apparently healthy participants conceived through ART and 43 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Premature vascular aging persisted in ART-conceived subjects, as evidenced by a roughly 25% impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (p < 0.001) and increased pulse-wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness. Most importantly, ABPM values (systolic BP, 119.8 ± 9.1 mm Hg vs. 115.7 ± 7.0 mm Hg, p = 0.03; diastolic BP, 71.4 ± 6.1 mm Hg vs. 69.1 ± 4.2 mm Hg, p = 0.02 ART vs. control) and BP variability were markedly higher in ART-conceived subjects than in control subjects. Eight of the 52 ART participants, but only 1 of the 43 control participants (p = 0.041 ART vs. controls) fulfilled ABPM criteria of arterial hypertension (>130/80 mm Hg and/or >95th percentile). CONCLUSIONS ART-induced premature vascular aging persists in apparently healthy adolescents and young adults without any other detectable classical cardiovascular risk factors and progresses to arterial hypertension. (Vascular Dysfunction in Offspring of Assisted Reproduction Technologies; NCT00837642.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo A Meister
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert von Arx
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz H Messerli
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Darby JRT, Mohd Dollah MHB, Regnault TRH, Williams MT, Morrison JL. Systematic review: Impact of resveratrol exposure during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes in animal models of human pregnancy complications-Are we ready for the clinic? Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:264-278. [PMID: 31029765 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been reported to have potential beneficial effects in the complicated pregnancy. Various pregnancy complications lead to a suboptimal in utero environment that impacts fetal growth during critical windows of development. Detrimental structural changes to key organ systems in utero persist into adult life and predispose offspring to an increased risk of chronic non-communicable metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of gestational RSV exposure on both maternal and fetal outcomes. Publicly available databases (n = 8) were searched for original studies reporting maternal and/or fetal outcomes after RSV exposure during pregnancy irrespective of species. Of the 115 studies screened, 31 studies were included in this review. RSV exposure occurred for different durations across a range of species (Rats n = 18, Mice n = 7, Japanese Macaques n = 3 and Sheep n = 3), models of complicated pregnancy (eg. maternal dietary manipulations, gestational diabetes, maternal hypoxia, teratogen exposure, etc.), dosages and administration routes. Maternal and fetal outcomes differed not only based on the model of complicated pregnancy assessed but also as a result of species. Given the heterogenic nature of these studies, further investigation assessing RSV exposure during the complicated pregnancy is warranted. In order to make an informed decision regarding the use of RSV to intervene in pregnancy complications, we suggest a minimum data set for consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Murni H B Mohd Dollah
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Marie T Williams
- Health and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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21
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Human Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude: Evidence from the Andes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020150. [PMID: 30781443 PMCID: PMC6410003 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether Andean populations are genetically adapted to high altitudes has long been of interest. Initial studies focused on physiological changes in the O₂ transport system that occur with acclimatization in newcomers and their comparison with those of long-resident Andeans. These as well as more recent studies indicate that Andeans have somewhat larger lung volumes, narrower alveolar to arterial O₂ gradients, slightly less hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response, greater uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy, and increased cardiac O2 utilization, which overall suggests greater efficiency of O₂ transfer and utilization. More recent single nucleotide polymorphism and whole-genome sequencing studies indicate that multiple gene regions have undergone recent positive selection in Andeans. These include genes involved in the regulation of vascular control, metabolic hemostasis, and erythropoiesis. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the functional links between these adaptive genomic signals and the unique physiological attributes of highland Andeans. Well-designed physiological and genome association studies are needed to address such questions. It will be especially important to incorporate the role of epigenetic processes (i.e.; non-sequence-based features of the genome) that are vital for transcriptional responses to hypoxia and are potentially heritable across generations. In short, further exploration of the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in shaping patterns of adaptation to high altitude promises to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying human adaptive potential and clarify its implications for human health.
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22
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Zelko IN, Zhu J, Roman J. Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy alters the epigenetic landscape and the expression of endothelial function genes in male progeny. Nutr Res 2018; 61:53-63. [PMID: 30683439 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies point to the important role of in utero malnutrition in gene programming and in the development of vascular diseases. We hypothesize that maternal undernutrition affects vascular function in the offspring by promoting epigenetic changes that drive the differential expression of genes involved in endothelial function. To test this, we exposed mice to nutrient deprivation in utero and analyzed its effect on global DNA methylation and expression of endothelium-specific genes in the pulmonary endothelium of the adult progeny. Mice were kept either on ad libitum (AL) or energy-restricted (ER) diet during the second and third trimesters of gestation. Mice in the ER group received 65% of energy compared to mice in the AL diet group. Pulmonary endothelial cells were isolated from 6-week-old male offspring mice (AL-F1 and ER-F1). The expression of genes in the pulmonary endothelium was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction array and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Several genes including fibronectin 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were upregulated in the endothelium of male ER-F1 mice, whereas the expression of genes involved in regulation of histone acetylation was significantly attenuated. At the same time, the global DNA methylation did not change in pulmonary endothelial cells of ER-F1 mice compared to AL-F1 mice. Overall, we found that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy affects the expression of genes involved in regulation of endothelial cell function in the pulmonary vasculature of male progeny, which could potentially promote pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, KY 40202.
| | - Jianxin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jesse Roman
- Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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23
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Goss K. Long-term pulmonary vascular consequences of perinatal insults. J Physiol 2018; 597:1175-1184. [PMID: 30067297 DOI: 10.1113/jp275859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the pulmonary circulation is a critical component of fetal lung development, and continues throughout infancy and childhood, marking an extended window of susceptibility to vascular maldevelopment and maladaptation. Perinatal vascular insults may result in abnormal vascular structure or function, including decreased angiogenic signaling and vascular endowment, impaired vasoreactivity through increased pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction and remodeling, or enhanced genetic susceptibility to pulmonary vascular disease through epigenetic modifications or germline mutations. Although some infants develop early onset pulmonary hypertension, due to the unique adaptive capabilities of the immature host many do not have clinically evident early pulmonary vascular dysfunction. These individuals remain at increased risk for development of late-onset pulmonary hypertension, and may be particularly susceptible to secondary insults. This review will address the role of perinatal vascular insults in the development of late pulmonary vascular dysfunction with an effort to highlight areas of critical research need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Goss
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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25
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Reyes-Hernández CG, López de Pablo AL, González MC, Arribas SM. Implication of Oxidative Stress in Fetal Programming of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 29875698 PMCID: PMC5974054 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle and genetic background are well known risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A third contributing factor is suboptimal fetal development, due to nutrient or oxygen deprivation, placental insufficiency, or exposure to toxic substances. The fetus adapts to adverse intrauterine conditions to ensure survival; the immediate consequence is low birth weight (LBW) and the long-term effect is an increased susceptibility to develop CVD in adult life. This process is known as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) or fetal programming of CVD. The influence of fetal life for the future cardiovascular health of the individual has been evidenced by numerous epidemiologic studies in populations suffering from starvation during intrauterine life. Furthermore, experimental animal models have provided support and enabled exploring the underlying mechanisms. Oxidative stress seems to play a central role in fetal programming of CVD, both in the response of the feto-placental unit to the suboptimal intrauterine environment and in the alterations of physiologic systems of cardiovascular control, ultimately leading to disease. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the alterations in oxidative balance in response to fetal stress factors covering two aspects. Firstly, the evidence from human studies of the implication of oxidative stress in LBW induced by suboptimal conditions during intrauterine life, emphasizing the role of the placenta. In the second part we summarize data on specific redox alterations in key cardiovascular control organs induced by exposure to known stress factors in experimental animals and discuss the emerging role of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel L López de Pablo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm Hg or above. This review deals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a type of pulmonary hypertension that primarily affects the pulmonary vasculature. In PAH, the pulmonary vasculature is dynamically obstructed by vasoconstriction, structurally obstructed by adverse vascular remodeling, and pathologically non-compliant as a result of vascular fibrosis and stiffening. Many cell types are abnormal in PAH, including vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts) and inflammatory cells. Progress has been made in identifying the causes of PAH and approving new drug therapies. A cancer-like increase in cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis reflects acquired abnormalities of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Mutations in the type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2) gene dramatically increase the risk of developing heritable PAH. Epigenetic dysregulation of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNAs also contributes to disease pathogenesis. Aberrant bone morphogenetic protein signaling and epigenetic dysregulation in PAH promote cell proliferation in part through induction of a Warburg mitochondrial-metabolic state of uncoupled glycolysis. Complex changes in cytokines (interleukins and tumor necrosis factor), cellular immunity (T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages), and autoantibodies suggest that PAH is, in part, an autoimmune, inflammatory disease. Obstructive pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH increases right ventricular afterload causing right ventricular hypertrophy. In some patients, maladaptive changes in the right ventricle, including ischemia and fibrosis, reduce right ventricular function and cause right ventricular failure. Patients with PAH have dyspnea, reduced exercise capacity, exertional syncope, and premature death from right ventricular failure. PAH targeted therapies (prostaglandins, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators), used alone or in combination, improve functional capacity and hemodynamics and reduce hospital admissions. However, these vasodilators do not target key features of PAH pathogenesis and have not been shown to reduce mortality, which remains about 50% at five years. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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27
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Li Y, Li L, Qian Z, Lin B, Chen J, Luo Y, Qu J, Raj JU, Gou D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-DNA Methyltransferase 1-miR-1281-Histone Deacetylase 4 Regulatory Axis Mediates Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007572. [PMID: 29514810 PMCID: PMC5907547 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor BB, a potent mitogen of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), has been implicated in pulmonary arterial remodeling, which is a key pathogenic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Previous microRNA profiling in platelet-derived growth factor BB-treated PASMCs found a significantly downregulated microRNA, miR-1281, but it has not been associated with any cellular function, and we investigated the possibility. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay proved that downregulation of miR-1281 was a conserved phenomenon in human and rat PASMCs. Overexpression and inhibition of miR-1281 in PASMCs promoted and suppressed, respectively, the cell proliferation and migration. Bioinformatic prediction and 3'-untranslated region reporter assay identified histone deacetylase 4 to be a direct target of miR-1281. Supporting this, proliferation and migration assay demonstrated the cellular function of histone deacetylase 4 is inversely correlated with that of miR-1281. Mechanistically, it is found that platelet-derived growth factor BB activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, which then induces the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1, leading to enhanced methylation of a flanking CpG island and repressed miR-1281 expression. Finally, a reduced miR-1281 level was consistently identified in hypoxic PASMCs in vitro, in pulmonary arteries of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, and in serum of patients with coronary heart disease-pulmonary arterial hypertension. These data suggest that there may be a diagnostic and therapeutic use for miR-1281. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we report a novel regulatory axis, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-DNA methyltransferase 1-miR-1281-histone deacetylase 4, integrating multiple epigenetic regulators that participate in platelet-derived growth factor BB-stimulated PASMC proliferation and migration and pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- HEK293 Cells
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Monocrotaline
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengjiang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boya Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jidong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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29
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Maron BA, Abman SH. Translational Advances in the Field of Pulmonary Hypertension. Focusing on Developmental Origins and Disease Inception for the Prevention of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:292-301. [PMID: 27854133 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0882pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Cardiology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven H Abman
- 3 Section of Pulmonary Medicine and.,4 Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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30
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Julian CG. Epigenomics and human adaptation to high altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1362-1370. [PMID: 28819001 PMCID: PMC6157641 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00351.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, major technological and analytical advancements have propelled efforts toward identifying the molecular mechanisms that govern human adaptation to high altitude. Despite remarkable progress with respect to the identification of adaptive genomic signals that are strongly associated with the "hypoxia-tolerant" physiological characteristics of high-altitude populations, many questions regarding the fundamental biological processes underlying human adaptation remain unanswered. Vital to address these enduring questions will be determining the role of epigenetic processes, or non-sequence-based features of the genome, that are not only critical for the regulation of transcriptional responses to hypoxia but heritable across generations. This review proposes that epigenomic processes are involved in shaping patterns of adaptation to high altitude by influencing adaptive potential and phenotypic variability under conditions of limited oxygen supply. Improved understanding of the interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors holds great promise to provide deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying human adaptive potential, and clarify its implications for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Julian
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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31
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Fu LC, Lv Y, Zhong Y, He Q, Liu X, Du LZ. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Kv1.5 is upregulated in intrauterine growth retardation rats with exaggerated pulmonary hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6237. [PMID: 28902925 PMCID: PMC5597283 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with the development of adult-onset diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism of the early nutritional insult that results in pulmonary vascular dysfunction later in life is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of tyrosine phosphorylation of voltage-gated potassium channel 1.5 (Kv1.5) in this prenatal event that results in exaggerated adult vascular dysfunction. A rat model of chronic hypoxia (2 weeks of hypoxia at 12 weeks old) following IUGR was used to investigate the physiological and structural effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the pulmonary artery by evaluating pulmonary artery systolic pressure and vascular diameter in male rats. Kv1.5 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were determined. We found that IUGR increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and resulted in thicker pulmonary artery smooth muscle layer in 14-week-old rats after 2 weeks of hypoxia, while no difference was observed in normoxia groups. In the PASMCs of IUGR-hypoxia rats, Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expression decreased while that of tyrosine-phosphorylated Kv1.5 significantly increased. These results demonstrate that IUGR leads to exaggerated chronic hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension (CH-PAH) in association with decreased Kv1.5 expression in PASMCs. This phenomenon may be mediated by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Kv1.5 in PASMCs and it provides new insight into the prevention and treatment of IUGR-related CH-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Fu
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Lv
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Q He
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L Z Du
- Department of Neonatology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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32
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Capra E, Toschi P, Del Corvo M, Lazzari B, Scapolo PA, Loi P, Williams JL, Stella A, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genome-Wide Epigenetic Characterization of Tissues from Three Germ Layers Isolated from Sheep Fetuses. Front Genet 2017; 8:115. [PMID: 28928767 PMCID: PMC5591608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation of regulatory and growth-related genes contributes to fetal programming which is important for maintaining the correct development of three germ layers of the embryo that develope into different tissues and organs, and which persists into adult life. In this study, a preliminary epigenetic screen was performed to define genomic regions that are involved in fetal epigenome remodeling. Embryonic ectodermic tissues (origin of nervous tissue), mesenchymal tissues (origin of connective and muscular tissues), and foregut endoderm tissues (origin of epithelial tissue), from day 28 sheep fetuses were collected and the distribution of methylated CpGs was analyzed using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Patterns of methylation among the three tissues showed a high level of conservation of hypo-methylated CpG islands CGIs, and a consistent level of methylation in regulatory genetic elements. Analysis of tissue specific differentially methylated regions, revealed that 20% of the total CGIs differed between tissues. A proportion of the methylome was remodeled in gene bodies, 5′ UTRs and 3′ UTRs (7, 11, and 11%, respectively). Genes with overlapping differentially methylated regions in gene bodies and CGIs showed a significant enrichment for tissue morphogenesis and development pathways. The data presented here provides a “reference” for the epigenetic status of genes potentially involved in the maintenance and regulation of fetal developmental during early life, a period expected to be particularly prone to epigenetic alterations induced by environmental and nutritional stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Capra
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheLodi, Italy
| | - Paola Toschi
- Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di TeramoTeramo, Italy
| | - Marcello Del Corvo
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico PadanoLodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheLodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico PadanoLodi, Italy
| | - Pier A Scapolo
- Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di TeramoTeramo, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Loi
- Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di TeramoTeramo, Italy
| | - John L Williams
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheLodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico PadanoLodi, Italy
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33
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Aljunaidy MM, Morton JS, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Prenatal hypoxia and placental oxidative stress: linkages to developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R395-R399. [PMID: 28794104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00245.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, a pregnancy complication where the fetus does not reach its genetic growth potential) is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality with a significant impact on population health. IUGR is associated with gestational hypoxia; which can lead to placental oxidative stress and fetal programming of cardiovascular disease. Mitochondria are a major source of placental oxidative stress and may provide a therapeutic target to mitigate the detrimental effects of placental oxidative stress on pregnancy outcomes. A nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a mitochondrial antioxidant to the placenta is a potential novel approach that may avoid unwanted off-target effects on the developing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais M Aljunaidy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; .,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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34
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic when progenitor cells are proliferating and differentiating. Influences operating at this time can permanently affect their structure and functional capacity, and the activity of enzyme systems and endocrine axes. It is now appreciated that such effects lay the foundations for a diverse array of diseases that become manifest many years later, often in response to secondary environmental stressors. Fetal development is underpinned by the placenta, the organ that forms the interface between the fetus and its mother. All nutrients and oxygen reaching the fetus must pass through this organ. The placenta also has major endocrine functions, orchestrating maternal adaptations to pregnancy and mobilizing resources for fetal use. In addition, it acts as a selective barrier, creating a protective milieu by minimizing exposure of the fetus to maternal hormones, such as glucocorticoids, xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. The placenta shows a remarkable capacity to adapt to adverse environmental cues and lessen their impact on the fetus. However, if placental function is impaired, or its capacity to adapt is exceeded, then fetal development may be compromised. Here, we explore the complex relationships between the placental phenotype and developmental programming of chronic disease in the offspring. Ensuring optimal placentation offers a new approach to the prevention of disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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35
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Cerny D, Sartori C, Rimoldi SF, Meister T, Soria R, Bouillet E, Scherrer U, Rexhaj E. Assisted Reproductive Technologies Predispose to Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Male Mice Challenged With a High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1152-1159. [PMID: 28323978 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) alters glucose homeostasis in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. ART induces endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension by epigenetic alteration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene. In eNOS-deficient mice, insulin resistance is related to impaired insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow and substrate delivery and defective intrinsic skeletal muscle glucose uptake. We therefore assessed glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp), insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow in vivo, and muscle glucose uptake in vitro in male ART and control mice fed a normal chow (NC) or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) during 8 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were similar in NC-fed animals. When challenged with a HFD, however, ART mice developed exaggerated obesity, fasting hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and a 20% lower insulin-stimulated glucose utilization than did control mice (steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR), 51.3 ± 7.3 vs 64.0 ± 10.8 mg/kg/min, P = 0.012). ART-induced insulin resistance was associated with defective insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow, whereas intrinsic skeletal muscle glucose uptake was normal. In conclusion, ART-induced endothelial dysfunction, when challenged with a metabolic stress, facilitates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Similar mechanisms may contribute to ART-induced alterations of the metabolic phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cerny
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Théo Meister
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1775 Arica, Chile
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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36
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Paauw ND, van Rijn BB, Lely AT, Joles JA. Pregnancy as a critical window for blood pressure regulation in mother and child: programming and reprogramming. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:241-259. [PMID: 27124608 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time for long-term blood pressure regulation in both mother and child. Pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency, resulting in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are associated with a threefold increased risk of the mother to develop hypertension later in life. In addition, these complications create an adverse intrauterine environment, which programmes the foetus and the second generation to develop hypertension in adult life. Female offspring born to a pregnancy complicated by placental insufficiency are at risk for pregnancy complications during their own pregnancies as well, resulting in a vicious circle with programmed risk for hypertension passing from generation to generation. Here, we review the epidemiology and mechanisms leading to the altered programming of blood pressure trajectories after pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency. Although the underlying mechanisms leading to hypertension remain the subject of investigation, several abnormalities in angiotensin sensitivity, sodium handling, sympathetic activity, endothelial function and metabolic pathways are found in the mother after exposure to placental insufficiency. In the child, epigenetic modifications and disrupted organ development play a crucial role in programming of hypertension. We emphasize that pregnancy can be viewed as a window of opportunity to improve long-term cardiovascular health of both mother and child, and outline potential gains expected of improved preconceptional, perinatal and post-natal care to reduce the development of hypertension and the burden of cardiovascular disease later in life. Perinatal therapies aimed at reprogramming hypertension are a promising strategy to break the vicious circle of intergenerational programming of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Paauw
- Department of Obstetrics; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - B. B. van Rijn
- Department of Obstetrics; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - A. T. Lely
- Department of Obstetrics; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
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Wang TJ, Lian GL, Lin X, Zhong HB, Xu CS, Wang HJ, Xie LD. Hypomethylation of Agtrap is associated with long-term inhibition of left ventricular hypertrophy in prehypertensive losartan-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:839-846. [PMID: 28000857 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prehypertensive losartan treatment may lead to long‑term inhibition of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap) and methylation of the Agtrap gene in the myocardium following the withdrawal of treatment. Four‑week‑old SHRs were randomly divided into three groups, and were treated with saline, amlodipine or losartan, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used as a control. All rats were followed up regularly until they reached the age of 32 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), left ventricular mass/body weight (LVM/BW), and cardiac fibrosis and structure were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of ATRAP in the myocardium were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Methylation of the Agtrap promoter was detected by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Reduced levels of SBP, LVM/BW, cardiac fibrosis and interventricular septum thickness were determined to be maintained only in prehypertensive losartan‑treated SHRs. Whereas, an increased expression of ATRAP mRNA and protein, and hypomethylation of the Agtrap promoter in the myocardium, were demonstrated only in the losartan‑treated SHRs. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the hypomethylation of Agtrap accompanying upregulation of ATRAP expression in the myocardium is associated with the long‑term inhibition of LVH in SHRs with prehypertensive losartan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Li Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhong
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Di Xie
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge on the impact of early life nutrition on cardiovascular diseases that have emerged from studies in humans and experimental animal models. The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease will be discussed in relation to the implications for the heart and the cardiovascular system. RECENT FINDINGS Environmental cues, such as parental diet and a suboptimal in utero environment can shape growth and development, causing long-lasting cardiometabolic perturbations. Increasing evidence suggest that these effects are mediated at the epigenomic level, and can be passed onto future generations. In the last decade, epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications) and RNA-based mechanisms (microRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNAs) have therefore emerged as potential candidates for mediating inheritance of cardiometabolic diseases. SUMMARY The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases is believed to arise through interaction between an individual's genetics and the environment. Moreover, the risk of developing poor cardiometabolic health in adulthood is defined by early life exposure to pathological cues and can be inherited by future generations, initiating a vicious cycle of transmission of disease. Elucidating the molecular triggers of such a process will help tackle and prevent the uncontrolled rise in obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Loche
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Implications of maternal conditions and pregnancy course on offspring’s medical problems in adult life. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:673-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yu GZ, Aye CYL, Lewandowski AJ, Davis EF, Khoo CP, Newton L, Yang CT, Al Haj Zen A, Simpson LJ, O'Brien K, Cook DA, Granne I, Kyriakou T, Channon KM, Watt SM, Leeson P. Association of Maternal Antiangiogenic Profile at Birth With Early Postnatal Loss of Microvascular Density in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies. Hypertension 2016; 68:749-59. [PMID: 27456522 PMCID: PMC4978605 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of hypertensive pregnancies are more likely to have microvascular rarefaction and increased blood pressure in later life. We tested the hypothesis that maternal angiogenic profile during a hypertensive pregnancy is associated with fetal vasculogenic capacity and abnormal postnatal microvascular remodeling. Infants (n=255) born after either hypertensive or normotensive pregnancies were recruited for quantification of postnatal dermal microvascular structure at birth and 3 months of age. Vasculogenic cell potential was assessed in umbilical vein endothelial cells from 55 offspring based on in vitro microvessel tube formation and proliferation assays. Maternal angiogenic profile (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and placental growth factor) was measured from postpartum plasma samples to characterize severity of pregnancy disorder. At birth, offspring born after hypertensive pregnancy had similar microvessel density to those born after a normotensive pregnancy, but during the first 3 postnatal months, they had an almost 2-fold greater reduction in total vessel density (-17.7±16.4% versus -9.9±18.7%; P=0.002). This postnatal loss varied according to the vasculogenic capacity of the endothelial cells of the infant at birth (r=0.49; P=0.02). The degree of reduction in both in vitro and postnatal in vivo vascular development was proportional to levels of antiangiogenic factors in the maternal circulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that offspring born to hypertensive pregnancies have reduced vasculogenic capacity at birth that predicts microvessel density loss over the first 3 postnatal months. Degree of postnatal microvessel reduction is proportional to levels of antiangiogenic factors in the maternal circulation at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Z Yu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Christina Y L Aye
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Esther F Davis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Cheen P Khoo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Laura Newton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Cheng T Yang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Lisa J Simpson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - David A Cook
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Ingrid Granne
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Theodosios Kyriakou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Keith M Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.).
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Vansant G. Effect of Maternal and Paternal Nutrition on DNA Methylation in the Offspring: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2016.04.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Morton JS, Cooke CL, Davidge ST. In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:549-603. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S. Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn Cooke
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Extrauterine growth restriction on pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in adult male rats: the role of epigenetic mechanisms. J Hypertens 2016; 32:2188-98; discussion 2198. [PMID: 25105456 PMCID: PMC4222616 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Early postnatal life is considered as a critical time window for the determination of long-term metabolic states and organ functions. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) causes the development of adult-onset chronic diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. However, the effects of nutritional disadvantages during the early postnatal period on pulmonary vascular consequences in later life are not fully understood. Our study was designed to test whether epigenetics dysregulation mediates the cellular memory of this early postnatal event. Methods and results: To test this hypothesis, we isolated pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting from EUGR and control rats. A postnatal insult, nutritional restriction-induced EUGR caused development of an increased pulmonary artery pressure at 9 weeks of age in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Methyl-DNA immune precipitation chip, genome-scale mapping studies to search for differentially methylated loci between control and EUGR rats, revealed significant difference in cytosine methylation between EUGR and control rats. EUGR changes the cytosine methylation at approximately 500 loci in male rats at 9 weeks of age, preceding the development of pulmonary hypertension and these represent the candidate loci for mediating the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease that occurs later in life. Gene ontology analysis on differentially methylated genes showed that hypermethylated genes in EUGR are vascular development-associated genes and hypomethylated genes in EUGR are late-differentiation-associated and signal transduction genes. We validated candidate dysregulated loci with the quantitative assays of cytosine methylation and gene expressions. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that epigenetics dysregulation is a strong mechanism for propagating the cellular memory of early postnatal events, causing changes in the expression of genes and long-term susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension, and further providing a new insight into the prevention and treatment of EUGR-related pulmonary hypertension.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of available evidence of the potential role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS Arterial hypertension is a highly heritable condition. Surprisingly, however, genetic variants only explain a tiny fraction of the phenotypic variation and the term 'missing heritability' has been coined to describe this phenomenon. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic alteration that is unrelated to changes in DNA sequence (thereby escaping detection by classic genetic methodology) offers a potential explanation. Here, we present some basic information on epigenetics and review recent work consistent with the hypothesis of epigenetically induced arterial hypertension. SUMMARY New technologies that enable the rigorous assessment of epigenetic changes and their phenotypic consequences may provide the basis for explaining the missing heritability of arterial hypertension and offer new possibilities for treatment and/or prevention.
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Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 903:55-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rimoldi SF, Rexhaj E, Villena M, Salmon CS, Allemann Y, Scherrer U, Sartori C. Novel Insights into Cardiovascular Regulation in Patients with Chronic Mountain Sickness. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 903:83-100. [PMID: 27343090 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of high-altitude populations, and in particular of maladapted subgroups, may provide important insight into underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxemia-related disease in general. Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a major public health problem in mountainous regions of the world affecting many millions of high-altitude dwellers. It is characterized by exaggerated chronic hypoxemia, erythrocytosis, and mild pulmonary hypertension. In later stages these patients often present with right heart failure and are predisposed to systemic cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we present recent new data providing insight into underlying mechanisms that may cause these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, CHUV, Switzerland.
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, CHUV, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yves Allemann
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, CHUV, Switzerland
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, CHUV, Switzerland
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Julian CG, Pedersen BS, Salmon CS, Yang IV, Gonzales M, Vargas E, Moore LG, Schwartz DA. Unique DNA Methylation Patterns in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancy. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:740-5. [PMID: 26546417 PMCID: PMC4703563 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic processes are believed to play a pivotal role for the effect of environmental exposures in early life to modify disease risk throughout the lifespan. Offspring of women with hypertensive complications of pregnancy (HTNPREG ) have an increased risk of developing systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in adulthood. In this preliminary report, we sought to determine whether epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the regulation of vascular function were present in HTNPREG offspring. We contrasted DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from young male offspring of HTNPREG (n = 5) to those of normotensive controls (n = 19). In HTNPREG offspring we identified six differentially methylated regions (DMRs) including three genes (SMOC2, ARID1B and CTRHC1) relevant to vascular function. The transcriptional activity of ARID1B and CTRCH1 was inversely related to methylation status. HTNPREG offspring had higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPPA ) versus controls. Our findings demonstrate that epigenetic marks are altered in offspring of HTNPREG with a modest elevation of sPPA and introduce novel epigenomic targets for further study. On the basis of these findings we speculate that epigenomic mechanisms may be involved in mediating the effect of HTNPREG to raise the risk of vascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent S Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Enrique Vargas
- Bolivian Institute of High Altitude Biology, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rexhaj E, Pireva A, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Allemann Y, Cerny D, Dessen P, Sartori C, Scherrer U, Rimoldi SF. Prevention of vascular dysfunction and arterial hypertension in mice generated by assisted reproductive technologies by addition of melatonin to culture media. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1151-6. [PMID: 26276822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) induce vascular dysfunction in humans and mice. In mice, ART-induced vascular dysfunction is related to epigenetic alteration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, resulting in decreased vascular eNOS expression and nitrite/nitrate synthesis. Melatonin is involved in epigenetic regulation, and its administration to sterile women improves the success rate of ART. We hypothesized that addition of melatonin to culture media may prevent ART-induced epigenetic and cardiovascular alterations in mice. We, therefore, assessed mesenteric-artery responses to acetylcholine and arterial blood pressure, together with DNA methylation of the eNOS gene promoter in vascular tissue and nitric oxide plasma concentration in 12-wk-old ART mice generated with and without addition of melatonin to culture media and in control mice. As expected, acetylcholine-induced mesenteric-artery dilation was impaired (P = 0.008 vs. control) and mean arterial blood pressure increased (109.5 ± 3.8 vs. 104.0 ± 4.7 mmHg, P = 0.002, ART vs. control) in ART compared with control mice. These alterations were associated with altered DNA methylation of the eNOS gene promoter (P < 0.001 vs. control) and decreased plasma nitric oxide concentration (10.1 ± 11.1 vs. 29.5 ± 8.0 μM) (P < 0.001 ART vs. control). Addition of melatonin (10(-6) M) to culture media prevented eNOS dysmethylation (P = 0.005, vs. ART + vehicle), normalized nitric oxide plasma concentration (23.1 ± 14.6 μM, P = 0.002 vs. ART + vehicle) and mesentery-artery responsiveness to acetylcholine (P < 0.008 vs. ART + vehicle), and prevented arterial hypertension (104.6 ± 3.4 mmHg, P < 0.003 vs. ART + vehicle). These findings provide proof of principle that modification of culture media prevents ART-induced vascular dysfunction. We speculate that this approach will also allow preventing ART-induced premature atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Agim Pireva
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine and Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Allemann
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Cerny
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Dessen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland;
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Feto-maternal interactions: a possible clue to explain the 'missed heritability' in arterial hypertension. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015; 30:391-2. [PMID: 26049387 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tang LL, Zhang LY, Lao LJ, Hu QY, Gu WZ, Fu LC, Du LZ. Epigenetics of Notch1 regulation in pulmonary microvascular rarefaction following extrauterine growth restriction. Respir Res 2015; 16:66. [PMID: 26040933 PMCID: PMC4486133 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) plays an important role in the developmental origin of adult cardiovascular diseases. In an EUGR rat model, we reported an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in adults and genome-wide epigenetic modifications in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs). However, the underlying mechanism of the early nutritional insult that results in pulmonary vascular consequences later in life remains unclear. METHODS A rat model was used to investigate the physiological and structural effect of EUGR on early pulmonary vasculature by evaluating right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular density in male rats. Epigenetic modifications of the Notch1 gene in PVECs were evaluated. RESULTS EUGR decreased pulmonary vascular density with no significant impact on right ventricular systolic pressure at 3 weeks. Decreased transcription of Notch1 was observed both at 3 and 9 weeks, in association with decreased downstream target gene, Hes-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and bisulfite sequencing were performed to analyze the epigenetic modifications of the Notch1 gene promoter in PVECs. EUGR caused a significantly increased H3K27me3 in the proximal Notch1 gene promoter, and increased methylation of single CpG sites in the distal Notch1 gene promoter, both at 3 and 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that EUGR results in decreased pulmonary vascular growth in association with decreased Notch1 in PVECs. This may be mediated by increased CpG methylation and H3K27me3 in the Notch1 gene promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Jiang Lao
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong-Yao Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Chen Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Zhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310051, People's Republic of China.
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