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Hypertension and renal disease programming: focus on the early postnatal period. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1303-1339. [PMID: 36073779 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of hypertension and renal disease is a concept highly supported by strong evidence coming from both human and animal studies. During development there are periods in which the organs are more vulnerable to stressors. Such periods of susceptibility are also called 'sensitive windows of exposure'. It was shown that as earlier an adverse event occurs; the greater are the consequences for health impairment. However, evidence show that the postnatal period is also quite important for hypertension and renal disease programming, especially in rodents because they complete nephrogenesis postnatally, and it is also important during preterm human birth. Considering that the developing kidney is vulnerable to early-life stressors, renal programming is a key element in the developmental programming of hypertension and renal disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the great number of studies, most of them performed in animal models, showing the broad range of stressors involved in hypertension and renal disease programming, with a particular focus on the stressors that occur during the early postnatal period. These stressors mainly include undernutrition or specific nutritional deficits, chronic behavioral stress, exposure to environmental chemicals, and pharmacological treatments that affect some important factors involved in renal physiology. We also discuss the common molecular mechanisms that are activated by the mentioned stressors and that promote the appearance of these adult diseases, with a brief description on some reprogramming strategies, which is a relatively new and promising field to treat or to prevent these diseases.
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Cullen-McEwen LA, van der Wolde J, Haruhara K, Tribolet L, Dowling JP, Bertram MG, de Matteo R, Haas F, Czogalla J, Okabayashi Y, Armitage JA, Black MJ, Hoy WE, Puelles VG, Bertram JF. Podocyte endowment and the impact of adult body size on kidney health. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F322-F334. [PMID: 34308670 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00029.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, whereas adult podocyte depletion is a key event in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. However, whether low birth weight due to poor maternal nutrition is associated with low podocyte endowment and glomerulosclerosis in later life is not known. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal-protein diet (NPD; 20%) or low-protein diet (LPD; 8%), to induce low birth weight, from 3 wk before mating until postnatal day 21 (PN21), when kidneys from some male offspring were taken for quantitation of podocyte number and density in whole glomeruli using immunolabeling, tissue clearing, and confocal microscopy. The remaining offspring were fed a normal- or high-fat diet until 6 mo to induce catch-up growth and excessive weight gain, respectively. At PN21, podocyte number per glomerulus was 15% lower in low birth weight (LPD) than normal birth weight (NPD) offspring, with this deficit greater in outer glomeruli. Surprisingly, podocyte number in LPD offspring increased in outer glomeruli between PN21 and 6 mo, although an overall 9% podocyte deficit persisted. Postnatal fat feeding to LPD offspring did not alter podometric indexes or result in glomerular pathology at 6 mo, whereas fat feeding in NPD offspring was associated with far greater body and fat mass as well as podocyte loss, reduced podocyte density, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. This is the first report that maternal diet can influence podocyte endowment. Our findings provide new insights into the impact of low birth weight, podocyte endowment, and postnatal weight on podometrics and kidney health in adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study shows, for the first time, that low birth weight as a result of maternal nutrition is associated with low podocyte endowment. However, a mild podocyte deficit at birth did not result in glomerular pathology in adulthood. In contrast, postnatal podocyte loss in combination with excessive body weight led to albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the associations between birth weight, podocyte indexes, postnatal weight, and glomerular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James van der Wolde
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leon Tribolet
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John P Dowling
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert de Matteo
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabian Haas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Czogalla
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yusuke Okabayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James A Armitage
- School of Medicine (Optometry) and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Jane Black
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John F Bertram
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mizobuti DS, Fogaça AR, Moraes FDSR, Moraes LHR, Mâncio RD, Hermes TDA, Macedo AB, Valduga AH, de Lourenço CC, Pereira ECL, Minatel E. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation acts as antioxidant on dystrophic muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1175-1185. [PMID: 31620981 PMCID: PMC6882990 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is a frequent feature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). High reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, associated with altered enzyme antioxidant activity, have been reported in dystrophic patients and mdx mice, an experimental model of DMD. In this study, we investigated the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on oxidative stress marker levels and calcium concentration in primary cultures of dystrophic muscle cells from mdx mice. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells from C57BL/10 and mdx mice were treated with coenzyme Q10 (5 μM) for 24 h. The untreated mdx and C57BL/10 muscle cells were used as controls. The MTT and live/dead cell assays showed that CoQ10 presented no cytotoxic effect on normal and dystrophic muscle cells. Intracellular calcium concentration, H2O2 production, 4-HNE, and SOD-2 levels were higher in mdx muscle cells. No significant difference in the catalase, GPx, and Gr levels was found between experimental groups. This study demonstrated that CoQ10 treatment was able to reduce levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2, acting as an antioxidant, as well as decreasing abnormal intracellular calcium influx in dystrophic muscles cells. This study demonstrated that CoQ10 treatment was able to reduce levels of oxidative stress markers, such as H2O2, acting as an antioxidant, as well as decreasing abnormal intracellular calcium influx in dystrophic muscles cells. Our findings also suggest that the decrease of oxidative stress reduces the need for upregulation of antioxidant pathways, such as SOD and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sayuri Mizobuti
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Reis Fogaça
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Rapucci Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Rapucci Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mâncio
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Túlio de Almeida Hermes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda Harduim Valduga
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Caramano de Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Leite Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ceilandia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Effect of early postnatal nutrition on chronic kidney disease and arterial hypertension in adulthood: a narrative review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:598-614. [PMID: 30078383 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been identified as a risk factor for adult chronic kidney disease (CKD), including hypertension (HTN). Accelerated postnatal catch-up growth superimposed to IUGR has been shown to further increase the risk of CKD and HTN. Although the impact of excessive postnatal growth without previous IUGR is less clear, excessive postnatal overfeeding in experimental animals shows a strong impact on the risk of CKD and HTN in adulthood. On the other hand, food restriction in the postnatal period seems to have a protective effect on CKD programming. All these effects are mediated at least partially by the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling and profibrotic pathways. Early nutrition, especially in the postnatal period has a significant impact on the risk of CKD and HTN at adulthood and should receive specific attention in the prevention of CKD and HTN.
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Abstract
Developmental programming resulting from maternal malnutrition can lead to an increased risk of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders in the offspring in later life. Furthermore, many conditions linked with developmental programming are also known to be associated with the aging process. This review summarizes the available evidence about the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, with the potential to identify novel areas of therapeutic intervention. This could also lead to the discovery of new treatment options for improved patient outcomes.
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Telomere Length Analysis: A Tool for Dissecting Aging Mechanisms in Developmental Programming. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:351-363. [PMID: 29380327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated cellular aging is known to play an important role in the etiology of phenotypes associated with developmental programming, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Telomere length analysis is a powerful tool to quantify cellular aging. Here we describe a telomere length methodology, refined to quantify discrete telomere length fragments. We have shown this method to be more sensitive in detecting small changes in telomere length than the traditional average telomere length comparisons.
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Ozanne SE. Nutrition in early life and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:96-105. [PMID: 27594376 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of age-associated disease is increasing at a striking rate globally. It is known that a strong association exists between a suboptimal maternal and/or early-life environment and increased propensity of developing age-associated disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The dissection of underlying molecular mechanisms to explain this phenomenon, which is known as 'developmental programming' is still emerging; however three common mechanisms have emerged in many models of developmental programming. These mechanisms are (a) changes in tissue structure, (b) epigenetic regulation and (c) accelerated cellular ageing. This review will examine the epidemiological evidence and the animal models of suboptimal maternal environments, focusing upon these molecular mechanisms and will discuss the progress being made in the development of safe and effective intervention strategies which ultimately could target those 'programmed' individuals who are known to be at-risk of age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
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Sharma SS, Jangale NM, Harsulkar AM, Gokhale MK, Joshi BN. Chronic maternal calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in Wistar rats programs abnormal hepatic gene expression leading to hepatic steatosis in female offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:36-46. [PMID: 28219837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance of calcium and vitamin D deficiency is well established in adult dyslipidemia. We hypothesized that maternal calcium and vitamin D deficiency could alter offspring's lipid metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the effect of maternal dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency on lipid metabolism and liver function of the F1 generation offspring. intergenerational calcium-deficient (CaD) and vitamin D-deficient (VDD) models were developed by mating normal male rats with deficient females and continuing maternal-deficient diets through pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were fed on control diet post-weaning and studied till 30 weeks. Lipid profile, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), calcium and vitamin D levels were analyzed. Liver fat deposition, omega-3 fatty acids level and mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), interleukin 6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) were determined. Low serum vitamin D levels with an increase in SGPT and TG levels in CaD and VDD female offspring were observed. Severe liver steatosis with down-regulation of PPAR-α and UCP2 and up-regulation of SREBP-1c, IL-6 and SOD-1 was observed in the female offspring born to deficient dams. CaD and VDD male offspring showed mild steatosis and down-regulation of UCP2 and SOD-1. We conclude that maternal calcium and vitamin D deficiency programs abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic gene expression in the F1 generation female offspring leading to hepatic steatosis, despite feeding them on control diet post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona S Sharma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nivedita M Jangale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay M Harsulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Medha K Gokhale
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bimba N Joshi
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India.
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Hamilton KL, Miller BF. What is the evidence for stress resistance and slowed aging? Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Madsen R, Chen JH, Carpenter A, Hargreaves IP, McConnell JM, Ozanne SE. Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Insulin Signaling Dysregulation and Inflammation Prior to Development of Insulin Resistance in Male Offspring of a Rat Model of Poor Maternal Nutrition and Accelerated Postnatal Growth. Endocrinology 2015; 156. [PMID: 26214037 PMCID: PMC4869840 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight and rapid postnatal growth increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life. However, underlying mechanisms and potential intervention strategies are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that male Wistar rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero that had a low birth weight but then underwent postnatal catch-up growth (recuperated offspring) had reductions in the insulin signaling proteins p110-β (13% ± 6% of controls [P < .001]) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (39% ± 10% of controls [P < .05]) in adipose tissue. These changes were not accompanied by any change in expression of the corresponding mRNAs, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation. Recuperated animals displayed evidence of a proinflammatory phenotype of their adipose tissue with increased IL-6 (139% ± 8% [P < .05]) and IL1-β (154% ± 16% [P < .05]) that may contribute to the insulin signaling protein dysregulation. Postweaning dietary supplementation of recuperated animals with coenzyme Q (CoQ10) (1 mg/kg of body weight per day) prevented the programmed reduction in insulin receptor substrate-1 and p110-β and the programmed increased in IL-6. These findings suggest that postweaning CoQ10 supplementation has antiinflammatory properties and can prevent programmed changes in insulin-signaling protein expression. We conclude that CoQ10 supplementation represents an attractive intervention strategy to prevent the development of insulin resistance that results from suboptimal in utero nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ralitsa Madsen
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Carpenter
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Josie M McConnell
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit (J.L.T.-A., D.S.F.-T., R.M., J.-H.C., A.C., J.M.M., S.E.O.), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom; and Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), National Hospital, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Lozano G, Elmaghrabi A, Salley J, Siddique K, Gattineni J, Baum M. Effect of prenatal programming and postnatal rearing on glomerular filtration rate in adult rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F411-9. [PMID: 25537745 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00593.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether a prenatal low-protein diet programs a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). In addition, we examined whether altering the postnatal nutritional environment of nursing neonatal rats affected GFR and BP when rats were studied as adults. Pregnant rats were fed a normal (20%) protein diet or a low-protein diet (6%) during the last half of pregnancy until birth, when rats were fed a 20% protein diet. Mature adult rats from the prenatal low-protein group had systolic hypertension and a GFR of 0.38 ± 0.03 versus 0.57 ± 0.05 ml·min(-1)·100 g body wt(-1) in the 20% group (P < 0.01). In cross-fostering experiments, mothers continued on the same prenatal diet until weaning. Prenatal 6% protein rats cross-fostered to a 20% mother on day 1 of life had a GFR of 0.53 ± 0.05 ml·min(-1)·100 g body wt(-1), which was not different than the 20% group cross-fostered to a different 20% mother (0.45 ± 0.04 ml·min(-1)·100 g body wt(-1)). BP in the 6% to 20% group was comparable with the 20% to 20% group. Offspring of rats fed either 20% or 6% protein diets during pregnancy and cross-fostered to a 6% mother had elevated BP but a comparable GFR normalized to body weight as the 20% to 20% control group. Thus, a prenatal low-protein diet causes hypertension and a reduction in GFR in mature adult offspring, which can be modified by postnatal rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Lozano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Ayah Elmaghrabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Jordan Salley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Khurrum Siddique
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Jyothsna Gattineni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Michel Baum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Cox LA, Comuzzie AG, Havill LM, Karere GM, Spradling KD, Mahaney MC, Nathanielsz PW, Nicolella DP, Shade RE, Voruganti S, VandeBerg JL. Baboons as a model to study genetics and epigenetics of human disease. ILAR J 2014; 54:106-21. [PMID: 24174436 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilt038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for understanding susceptibility to common human diseases is determining genetic and environmental factors that influence mechanisms underlying variation in disease-related traits. The most common diseases afflicting the US population are complex diseases that develop as a result of defects in multiple genetically controlled systems in response to environmental challenges. Unraveling the etiology of these diseases is exceedingly difficult because of the many genetic and environmental factors involved. Studies of complex disease genetics in humans are challenging because it is not possible to control pedigree structure and often not practical to control environmental conditions over an extended period of time. Furthermore, access to tissues relevant to many diseases from healthy individuals is quite limited. The baboon is a well-established research model for the study of a wide array of common complex diseases, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and osteoporosis. It is possible to acquire tissues from healthy, genetically characterized baboons that have been exposed to defined environmental stimuli. In this review, we describe the genetic and physiologic similarity of baboons with humans, the ability and usefulness of controlling environment and breeding, and current genetic and genomic resources. We discuss studies on genetics of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intrauterine growth restriction using the baboon as a model for human disease. We also summarize new studies and resources under development, providing examples of potential translational studies for targeted interventions and therapies for human disease.
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Abstract
Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby ‘programming’ the individual’s health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.
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de Bem GF, da Costa CA, de Oliveira PRB, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, Souza MAV, Ognibene DT, Daleprane JB, Sousa PJC, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Protective effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí) extract on programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1328-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the effect of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) on cardiovascular and renal alterations in adult offspring, whose mothers were fed a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy.
Methods
Four groups of rats were fed: control diet (20% protein); ASE (200 mg/kg per day); and LP (6% protein); LP + ASE (6% protein + ASE) during pregnancy. After weaning, all male offspring were fed a control diet and sacrificed at 4 months old. We evaluated the blood pressure, vascular function, serum and urinary parameters, plasma and kidney oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity and renal structural changes.
Key findings
Hypertension and the reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the LP group were prevented by ASE. Serum levels of urea, creatinine and fractional excretion of sodium were increased in LP and reduced in LP + ASE. ASE improved nitrite levels and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in LP, with a corresponding decrease of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. Kidney volume and glomeruli number were reduced and glomerular volume was increased in LP. These renal alterations were prevented by ASE.
Conclusions
Treatment of protein-restricted dams with ASE provides protection from later-life hypertension, oxidative stress, renal functional and structural changes, probably through a vasodilator and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayane Texeira Ognibene
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Developmental origins of chronic renal disease: an integrative hypothesis. Int J Nephrol 2013; 2013:346067. [PMID: 24073334 PMCID: PMC3773449 DOI: 10.1155/2013/346067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality. Hypertension (HT) is one of the principal risk factors associated with death. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is probably underestimated, increases the risk and the severity of adverse cardiovascular events. It is now recognized that low birth weight is a risk factor for these diseases, and this relationship is amplified by a rapid catch-up growth or overfeeding during infancy or childhood. The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the “early programming” of CKD are multiple and partially understood. It has been proposed that the developmental programming of arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease is related to a reduced nephron endowment. However, this mechanism is still discussed. This review discusses the complex relationship between birth weight and nephron endowment and how early growth and nutrition influence long term HT and CKD. We hypothesize that fetal environment reduces moderately the nephron number which appears insufficient by itself to induce long term diseases. Reduced nephron number constitutes a “factor of vulnerability” when additional factors, in particular a rapid postnatal growth or overfeeding, promote the early onset of diseases through a complex combination of various pathophysiological pathways.
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16
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Sentinella AT, Crean AJ, Bonduriansky R. Dietary protein mediates a trade-off between larval survival and the development of male secondary sexual traits. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Sentinella
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Angela J. Crean
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
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17
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Yim HE, Ha KS, Bae IS, Yoo KH, Hong YS, Lee JW. Overweight, hypertension and renal dysfunction in adulthood of neonatally overfed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1324-33. [PMID: 23333086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated growth in early infancy has been associated with later cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We investigated the influence of overnutrition during neonatal periods on the development of renal pathophysiological changes in adult offspring rats. Three or 10 male pups per mother were assigned to either the small litter (SL) or normal litter (NL) control groups during the first 21 days of life. The effects of early postnatal overnutrition on body weight, blood pressure and renal changes were determined at 3 and 6 months. Pups in the SL group weighed more than controls between 7 days and 6 months of age (P<.05). In the SL group, serum creatinine levels were higher at 3 and 6 months (P<.05), and at 6 months, blood pressure levels were higher than those of the controls (P<.05). The number of ED-1 positive macrophages in renal cortex and glomerulosclerosis index increased in the SL group at 3 and 6 months (P<.05). Additionally, cortical apoptotic cells increased in the SL group at 6 months (P<.05). Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein expressions decreased and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, osteopontin and adiponectin expressions increased in the SL group at 3 months (P<.05). However, at 6 months, MMP-9 expression was elevated, and osteopontin expression remained elevated in the SL group (P<.05). Early postnatal overfeeding can lead to lasting overweight, hypertension and renal dysfunction and place a greater burden on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, South Korea
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18
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Rookmaaker MB, Joles JA. The nephron number counts—from womb to tomb. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1325-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Carter LG, Lewis KN, Wilkerson DC, Tobia CM, Ngo Tenlep SY, Shridas P, Garcia-Cazarin ML, Wolff G, Andrade FH, Charnigo RJ, Esser KA, Egan JM, de Cabo R, Pearson KJ. Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1061-8. [PMID: 22932781 PMCID: PMC3469606 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00213.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has shown that subtle factors during pregnancy and gestation can influence long-term health in offspring. In an attempt to be proactive, we set out to explore whether a nonpharmacological intervention, perinatal exercise, might improve offspring health. Female mice were separated into sedentary or exercise cohorts, with the exercise cohort having voluntary access to a running wheel prior to mating and during pregnancy and nursing. Offspring were weaned, and analyses were performed on the mature offspring that did not have access to running wheels during any portion of their lives. Perinatal exercise caused improved glucose disposal following an oral glucose challenge in both female and male adult offspring (P < 0.05 for both). Blood glucose concentrations were reduced to lower values in response to an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test for both female and male adult offspring of parents with access to running wheels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Male offspring from exercised dams showed increased percent lean mass and decreased fat mass percent compared with male offspring from sedentary dams (P < 0.01 for both), but these parameters were unchanged in female offspring. These data suggest that short-term maternal voluntary exercise prior to and during healthy pregnancy and nursing can enhance long-term glucose homeostasis in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay G Carter
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0200, USA
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20
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Koeners MP, Braam B, Joles JA. Blood pressure follows the kidney: Perinatal influences on hereditary hypertension. Organogenesis 2012; 4:153-7. [PMID: 19279727 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.3.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental data strongly suggest that cardiovascular diseases can originate from an aberrant environment during fetal development, a phenomenon referred to as perinatal programming. This review will focus on the role of the kidneys in determining blood pressure, and how (re)programming the renal development can persistently ameliorate hereditary hypertension. By combining physiologic and genomic studies we have discovered some candidate pathways suited for (re)programming the development of hypertension. This sets the stage for mechanistic analysis in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P Koeners
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center; Utrecht The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we explore the concept-based on the developmental-origin-of-health-and-disease hypothesis-that reprogramming during critical times of fetal life can lead to metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Specifically, we summarize the epidemiological evidence linking prenatal stress, manifested by low birth weight, to metabolic syndrome and its individual components. We also review animal studies that suggest potential mechanisms for the long-term effects of fetal reprogramming, including the cellular response to stress and both organ- and hormone-specific alterations induced by stress. Although metabolic syndrome in adulthood is undoubtedly caused by multiple factors, including modifiable behavior, fetal life may provide a critical window in which individuals are predisposed to metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rinaudo
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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22
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Simeoni U, Ligi I, Buffat C, Boubred F. Adverse consequences of accelerated neonatal growth: cardiovascular and renal issues. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:493-508. [PMID: 20938692 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies show that the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases at adulthood is inversely related to the weight at birth. Although with less evidence, low birth weight has been suggested to increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is well established that the developmental programming of arterial hypertension and of renal disease involves in particular renal factors, especially nephron endowment, which is reduced in low birth weight and maternal diabetes situations. Experimental studies, especially in rodents, have demonstrated the long-term influence of postnatal nutrition and/or postnatal growth on cardiovascular, metabolic and renal functions, while human data are scarce on this issue. Vascular and renal diseases appear to have a "multihits" origin, with reduced nephron number the initial hit and rapid postnatal growth the second hit. This review addresses the current understanding of the role of the kidney, both as a mechanism and as a target, in the developmental origins of adult disease theory, with a particular focus on the long-term effects of postnatal growth and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Simeoni
- Division of Neonatology, Hôpital la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13385, Marseille, France.
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23
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Gomes P, Simão S, Silva E, Pinto V, Amaral JS, Afonso J, Serrão MP, Pinho MJ, Soares-da-Silva P. Aging increases oxidative stress and renal expression of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes that are associated with an increased trend in systolic blood pressure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2:138-45. [PMID: 20592768 PMCID: PMC2763239 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.3.8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of aging on oxidative stress markers and expression of major oxidant and antioxidant enzymes associate with impairment of renal function and increases in blood pressure. To explore this, we determined age-associated changes in lipid peroxidation (urinary malondialdehyde), plasma and urinary hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, as well as renal H2O2 production, and the expression of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in young (13 weeks) and old (52 weeks) male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Urinary lipid peroxidation levels and H2O2 production by the renal cortex and medulla of old rats were higher than their young counterparts. This was accompanied by overexpression of NADPH oxidase components Nox4 and p22phox in the renal cortex of old rats. Similarly, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms 2 and 3 and catalase were increased in the renal cortex from old rats. Renal function parameters (creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium), diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by aging, although slight increases in systolic blood pressure were observed during this 52-week period. It is concluded that overexpression of renal Nox4 and p22phox and the increases in renal H2O2 levels in aged WKY does not associate with renal functional impairment or marked increases in blood pressure. It is hypothesized that lack of oxidative stress-associated effects in aged WKY rats may result from increases in antioxidant defenses that counteract the damaging effects of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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24
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Barnes SK, Ozanne SE. Pathways linking the early environment to long-term health and lifespan. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 106:323-36. [PMID: 21147148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is a major contributor to normal physiological growth and development of an individual. Disturbances at this critical time can affect the long-term health of the offspring. Low birth weight individuals have strong correlations with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later-life. These observations led to the Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis which suggested that these associations arose because of the response of a growing fetus to a suboptimal environment such as poor nutrition. Animal models have shown that environmentally induced intrauterine growth restriction increases the risk of a variety of diseases later in life. These detrimental features are also observed in high birth weight offspring from mothers who were obese or consumed a high fat diet during gestation. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have elucidated several potential candidates for the long-term effects of the early environment on the function and metabolism of a cell. These include: (1) Epigenetic alterations (e.g. DNA methylation and histone modifications), which regulate specific gene expression and can be influenced by the environment, both during gestation and early postnatal life and (2) Oxidative stress that changes the balance between reactive oxygen species generation (e.g. through mitochondrial dysfunction) and antioxidant defense capacity. This has permanent effects on cellular ageing such as regulation of telomere length. Further understanding of these processes will help in the development of therapeutic strategies to increase healthspan and reduced the burden of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Barnes
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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25
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Maternal protein restriction affects gene expression profiles in the kidney at weaning with implications for the regulation of renal function and lifespan. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 119:373-84. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutritionally induced alterations in early growth can influence health and disease in later adult life. We have demonstrated previously that low birthweight resulting from maternal protein restriction during pregnancy followed by accelerated growth in rodents was associated with shortened lifespan, whereas protein restriction and slow growth during lactation increased lifespan. Thus early life events can also have a long lasting impact on longevity. In the present study, we show that long-lived PLP (postnatal low protein) mice were protected from developing albuminuria, whereas short-lived recuperated mice demonstrated an age-dependent increase in albuminuria in old age. Microarray analysis of kidneys from 21-day-old mice revealed that gene expression profiles were differentially affected depending on whether protein restriction was imposed during pregnancy or lactation. The differentially expressed genes were involved in diverse biological functions such as cytoprotective functions, vitamin D synthesis, protein homoeostasis, regulation of antioxidant enzymes and cellular senescence. Significantly, up-regulation of Hmox1 (haem oxygenase 1) in kidneys from PLP mice suggests that tissues of long-lived mice are equipped with a better cytoprotective function. In contrast, up-regulation of Nuak2 (NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase 2) and down-regulation of Lonp2 (Lon peptidase 2), Foxo3a (forkhead box O3a), Sod1 (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) and Sesn1 (sestrin 1) in the kidneys of recuperated offspring suggest that protein homoeostasis and resistance to oxidative stress are compromised, leading to accelerated cellular senescence in these shorter-lived mice.
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26
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Fanos V, Puddu M, Reali A, Atzei A, Zaffanello M. Perinatal nutrient restriction reduces nephron endowment increasing renal morbidity in adulthood: a review. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86 Suppl 1:37-42. [PMID: 20153126 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal malnutrition has been included among the causes of renal disease in adulthood. Here, we consider the relationships between early supply of specific nutrients (such as protein, fat, vitamins and electrolytes) and renal endowment. Prenatal and postnatal nutrition mismatch is also discussed. In addition, this article presents the role of nutrition of both mothers and pre-term infants on nephron endowment, with final practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericultura Institute and Neonatal Section, University and Azienda Mista of Cagliari, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
There are many instances in life when the environment plays a critical role in the health outcomes of an individual, yet none more so than those experienced in fetal and neonatal life. One of the most detrimental environmental problems encountered during this critical growth period are changes in nutrition to the growing fetus and newborn. Disturbances in the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus can not only lead to adverse fetal growth patterns, but they have also been associated with the development of features of metabolic syndrome in adult life. This fetal response has been termed developmental programming or the developmental origins of health and disease. The present review focuses on the epidemiological studies that identified this association and the importance that animal models have played in studying this concept. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underpin the developmental programming of future disease. It also highlights (i) how developmental plasticity, although beneficial for short-term survival, can subsequently programme glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adult life by eliciting changes in key organ structures and the epigenome, and (ii) how aberrant mitochondrial function can potentially lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes and other features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Warner
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
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28
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Luyckx VA, Compston CA, Simmen T, Mueller TF. Accelerated senescence in kidneys of low-birth-weight rats after catch-up growth. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1697-705. [PMID: 19828676 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00462.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a strong association between low birth weight and hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular disease, especially after catch-up growth. Senescence is an important contributor to the progression of chronic disease. Developmentally programmed premature senescence may be a link among low birth weight, catch-up growth, and adult disease. Low birth weight was induced by feeding pregnant rats a low-protein diet from day 12 of gestation to 10 days postdelivery. Low- and normal-birth-weight male offspring were weaned onto regular or high-calorie diets to enhance catch-up growth. Kidneys and hearts of offspring were analyzed for RNA and protein markers of stress-induced senescence (p16, p21, p53, Rb). Markers of mitochondrial stress (p66Shc) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum protein secretion (Ero1alpha) were analyzed as regulators of reactive oxygen species generation. Reactive oxygen species are known to be associated with premature aging. Senescence markers were not different in low- or normal-birth-weight kidneys at birth. During rapid catch-up growth, p16 and p21 increased significantly in low-birth-weight kidneys and hearts (P < 0.01). Renal p16 levels increased progressively and were significantly higher in low-birth-weight kidneys at 3 and 6 mo (P < or = 0.02). Renal p66Shc and Ero1alpha were significantly higher in low- compared with normal- birth-weight kidneys at 6 mo, suggesting reactive oxygen species generation (P < or = 0.03). Low-birth-weight rats exhibit accelerated senescence in kidneys and hearts after rapid catch-up growth, a likely important link between early growth and subsequent hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Luyckx
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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29
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Impaired perinatal growth and longevity: a life history perspective. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2009:608740. [PMID: 19746180 PMCID: PMC2738951 DOI: 10.1155/2009/608740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Life history theory proposes that early-life cues induce highly integrated responses in traits associated with energy partitioning, maturation, reproduction, and aging such that the individual phenotype is adaptively more appropriate to the anticipated environment. Thus, maternal and/or neonatally derived nutritional or endocrine cues suggesting a threatening environment may favour early growth and reproduction over investment in tissue reserve and repair capacity. These may directly affect longevity, as well as prioritise insulin resistance and capacity for fat storage, thereby increasing susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction and obesity. These shifts in developmental trajectory are associated with long-term expression changes in specific genes, some of which may be underpinned by epigenetic processes. This normative process of developmental plasticity may prove to be maladaptive in human environments in transition towards low extrinsic mortality and energy-dense nutrition, leading to the development of an inappropriate phenotype with decreased potential for longevity and/or increased susceptibility to metabolic disease.
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30
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Martin-Gronert MS, Chen JH, Cripps RL, Ozanne SE. Maternal diet influences DNA damage, aortic telomere length, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense capacity in rats. FASEB J 2008; 22:2037-44. [PMID: 18230683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-099523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. Detrimental effects of low birth weight are amplified by rapid catch-up growth. Conversely, slow growth during lactation reduces CVD risk. Gestational protein restriction causes low birth weight, vascular dysfunction, and accelerated aging in rats. Atherosclerotic aortic tissue has shortened telomeres, and oxidative stress accelerates telomere shortening through generation of DNA single-strand breaks (ssbs). This study tested the hypothesis that maternal diet influences aortic telomere length through changes in DNA ssbs, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress. We used our models of gestational protein restriction followed by rapid catch-up growth (the recuperated group) and protein restriction during lactation (the postnatal low-protein [PLP] group). Southern blotting revealed fewer aortic DNA ssbs and subsequently fewer short telomeres (P<0.05) in the PLP group. This result was associated with reduced (P<0.01) 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress. PLP animals expressed increased (P<0.01) manganese superoxide-dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-reductase. Age-dependent changes in antioxidant defense enzymes indicated more protection to oxidative stress in the PLP animals; conversely, recuperated animals demonstrated age-associated impairment of antioxidant defenses. We conclude that maternal diet has a major influence on aortic telomere length. This finding may provide a mechanistic link between early growth patterns and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 232, Hills Rd., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 2QR, UK.
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31
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Schreuder MF. Combined nephroprotective effect and low nephron endowment as a consequence of postnatal growth restriction in the rat? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R276; author reply R277-8. [PMID: 18184771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00684.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Joles JA, Tarry-Adkins JL, Snoeijs S, van der Giezen DM, Goldschmeding R, Ozanne SE. Reply to: Schreuder. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00790.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Martin-Gronert MS, Tarry-Adkins JL, Cripps RL, Chen JH, Ozanne SE. Maternal protein restriction leads to early life alterations in the expression of key molecules involved in the aging process in rat offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 294:R494-500. [PMID: 18094069 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00530.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrate that nutrition during the fetal and neonatal periods can affect the life span of an organism. Our previous studies in rodents using a maternal low protein diet have shown that limiting protein and growth during lactation [postnatal low protein (PLP group)] increases longevity, while in utero growth restriction (IUGR) followed by "catch up growth" (recuperated group) shortens life span. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms in early postnatal life that could underlie these substantial differences in longevity. At weaning, PLP animals had improved insulin sensitivity as suggested by lower concentrations of insulin required to maintain concentrations of glucose similar to those of the control group and significant upregulation of insulin receptor-beta, IGF-1 receptor, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt phosphorylated at Ser 473 in the kidney. These animals also had significantly increased SIRT1 (mammalian sirtuin) expression. Expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, CuZnSOD, and glutathione peroxidase-1 was elevated in these animals. In contrast, recuperated animals had a significantly increased fasting glucose concentration, while insulin levels remained comparable to those of the control group suggesting relative insulin resistance. MnSOD expression was increased in these animals. These data suggest that early nutrition can lead to alterations in insulin sensitivity and antioxidant capacity very early in life, which may influence life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Alexander BT. Divergent pathways of programming: prenatal vs. postnatal protein undernutrition. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1257-8. [PMID: 17596321 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00448.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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