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Yang S, Tang Q, Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhao X, Mei F, Li Y. Neuronostatin regulates neuronal function and energetic metabolism in Alzheimer's disease in a GPR107-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110090. [PMID: 39048031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid in brain. Neuronostatin (NST) is an endogenous peptide hormone that participates in many fundamental neuronal processes. However, the metabolism and function of NST in neurons of AD mice are not known. In this study, by combining the structural analyses, primary cultures, knockout cells, and various assessments, the behavior, histopathology, brain-wide expression and cellular signaling pathways in the APP/PS1 mice were investigated. It was found that NST directly bound to GPR107, which was primarily expressed in neurons. NST modulated the neuronal survivability and neurite outgrowth induced by Aβ via GPR107 in neurons. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NST attenuated learning and memory abilities, reduced the synaptic protein levels of hippocampus, but improved amyloid plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. NST modulated glucose metabolism of hypothalamus-hippocampus-cortex axis in APP/PS1 mice and decreased ATP levels via the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in response to Aβ, suppressed energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function in neurons via GPR107/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that NST regulates neuronal function and brain energetic metabolism in AD mice via the GPR107/PKA signaling pathway, which can be a promising target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China..
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yaqin Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Fangting Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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2
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Krążek M, Wojciechowicz T, Fiedorowicz J, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. Neuronostatin regulates proliferation and differentiation of rat brown primary preadipocytes. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38794908 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuronostatin suppresses the differentiation of white preadipocytes. However, the role of neuronostatin in brown adipose tissue remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the impact of neuronostatin on the proliferation and differentiation of isolated rat brown preadipocytes. We report that neuronostatin and its receptor (GPR107) are synthesized in brown preadipocytes and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, neuronostatin promotes the replication of brown preadipocytes via the AKT pathway. Notably, neuronostatin suppresses the expression of markers associated with brown adipogenesis (PGC-1α, PPARγ, PRDM16, and UCP1) and reduces cellular mitochondria content. Moreover, neuronostatin impedes the differentiation of preadipocytes by activating the JNK signaling pathway. These effects were not mimicked by somatostatin. Our results suggest that neuronostatin is involved in regulating brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krążek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kalisz, Poland
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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3
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Hoel CM, Zhang L, Brohawn SG. Structure of the GOLD-domain seven-transmembrane helix protein family member TMEM87A. eLife 2022; 11:e81704. [PMID: 36373655 PMCID: PMC9711517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM87s are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins with two members (TMEM87A and TMEM87B) in humans. TMEM87s have proposed roles in protein transport to and from the Golgi, as mechanosensitive ion channels, and in developmental signaling. TMEM87 disruption has been implicated in cancers and developmental disorders. To better understand TMEM87 structure and function, we determined a cryo-EM structure of human TMEM87A in lipid nanodiscs. TMEM87A consists of a Golgi-dynamics (GOLD) domain atop a membrane-spanning seven-transmembrane helix domain with a large cavity open to solution and the membrane outer leaflet. Structural and functional analyses suggest TMEM87A may not function as an ion channel or G-protein coupled receptor. We find TMEM87A shares its characteristic domain arrangement with seven other proteins in humans; three that had been identified as evolutionary related (TMEM87B, GPR107, and GPR108) and four previously unrecognized homologs (GPR180, TMEM145, TMEM181, and WLS). Among these structurally related GOLD domain seven-transmembrane helix (GOST) proteins, WLS is best characterized as a membrane trafficking and secretion chaperone for lipidated Wnt signaling proteins. We find key structural determinants for WLS function are conserved in TMEM87A. We propose TMEM87A and structurally homologous GOST proteins could serve a common role in trafficking membrane-associated cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hoel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Stephen G Brohawn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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4
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Eiden LE, Hernández VS, Jiang SZ, Zhang L. Neuropeptides and small-molecule amine transmitters: cooperative signaling in the nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:492. [PMID: 35997826 PMCID: PMC11072502 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are expressed in cell-specific patterns throughout mammalian brain. Neuropeptide gene expression has been useful for clustering neurons by phenotype, based on single-cell transcriptomics, and for defining specific functional circuits throughout the brain. How neuropeptides function as first messengers in inter-neuronal communication, in cooperation with classical small-molecule amine transmitters (SMATs) is a current topic of systems neurobiology. Questions include how neuropeptides and SMATs cooperate in neurotransmission at the molecular, cellular and circuit levels; whether neuropeptides and SMATs always co-exist in neurons; where neuropeptides and SMATs are stored in the neuron, released from the neuron and acting, and at which receptors, after release; and how neuropeptides affect 'classical' transmitter function, both directly upon co-release, and indirectly, via long-term regulation of gene transcription and neuronal plasticity. Here, we review an extensive body of data about the distribution of neuropeptides and their receptors, their actions after neuronal release, and their function based on pharmacological and genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments, that addresses these questions, fundamental to understanding brain function, and development of neuropeptide-based, and potentially combinatorial peptide/SMAT-based, neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Eiden
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Vito S Hernández
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunny Z Jiang
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Rossiter JL, Redlinger LJ, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. The actions of C-peptide in HEK293 cells are dependent upon insulin and extracellular glucose concentrations. Peptides 2022; 150:170718. [PMID: 34954230 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a part of the insulin prohormone and is essential for the proper folding and processing of the mature insulin peptide. C-peptide is released from the same beta cell secretory granules as insulin in equimolar amounts. However, due to their relative stabilities in plasma, the two peptides are detected in the circulation at ratios of approximately 4:1 to 6:1 (C-peptide to insulin), depending on metabolic state. C-peptide binds specifically to human cell membranes and induces intracellular signaling cascades, likely through an interaction with the G protein coupled receptor, GPR146. C-peptide has been shown to exert protective effects against the vascular, renal, and ocular complications of diabetes. The effects of C-peptide appear to be dependent upon the presence of insulin and the absolute, extracellular concentration of glucose. In this study, we employed HEK293 cells to further examine the interactive effects of C-peptide, insulin, and glucose on cell signaling. We observed that C-peptide's cellular effects are dampened significantly when cells are exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of both insulin and C-peptide. Likewise, the actions of C-peptide on cFos and GPR146 mRNA expressions were affected by changes in extracellular glucose concentration. In particular, C-peptide induced significant elevations in cFos expression in the setting of high (25 mmol) extracellular glucose concentration. These data indicate that future experimentation on the actions of C-peptide should control for the presence or absence of insulin and the concentration of glucose. Furthermore, these findings should be considered prior to the development of C-peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Rossiter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Lauren J Redlinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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Transcription of the Envelope Protein by 1-L Protein–RNA Recognition Code Leads to Genes/Proteins That Are Relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Pathogenesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:791-816. [PMID: 35723340 PMCID: PMC8928949 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical protein–RNA recognition code was used in this study to research the compatibility of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (E) with mRNAs in the human transcriptome. According to a review of the literature, the spectrum of identified genes showed that the virus post-transcriptionally promotes or represses the genes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. The identified genes/proteins are also involved in adaptive immunity, in the function of the cilia and wound healing (EMT and MET) in the pulmonary epithelial tissue, in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and in type 2 diabetes. For example, the E-protein promotes BHLHE40, which switches off the IL-10 inflammatory “brake” and inhibits antiviral THαβ cells. In the viral cycle, E supports the COPII-SCAP-SREBP-HSP90α transport complex by the lowering of cholesterol in the ER and by the repression of insulin signaling, which explains the positive effect of HSP90 inhibitors in COVID-19 (geldanamycin), and E also supports importin α/β-mediated transport to the nucleus, which explains the positive effect of ivermectin, a blocker of importins α/β. In summary, transcription of the envelope protein by the 1-L protein–RNA recognition code leads to genes/proteins that are relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and pathogenesis.
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Samson WK, Salvemini D, Yosten GLC. Overcoming Stress, Hunger, and Pain: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6287092. [PMID: 34043767 PMCID: PMC8210821 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in several endocrine organs, including pancreas. Here we review those diverse actions, the physiological relevance of which had remained unestablished until recently. With the identification of a CARTp receptor, GPR160, the physiologic importance and therapeutic potential of CARTp or analogs are being revealed. Not only is the CARTp-GPR160 interaction essential for the circadian regulation of appetite and thirst but also for the transmission of nerve injury-induced pain. Molecular approaches now are uncovering additional physiologically relevant actions and the development of acute tissue-specific gene compromise approaches may reveal even more physiologically relevant actions of this pluripotent ligand/receptor pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: Willis K. Samson, PhD DSc, Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Caroline Building, Room 2-207A, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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9
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Jasaszwili M, Wojciechowicz T, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. The effects of neuronostatin on proliferation and differentiation of rat primary preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159018. [PMID: 34332074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin is a peptide hormone encoded by the somatostatin gene. Biological effects of neuronostatin are mediated through activation of GPR107. There is evidence indicating that neuronostatin modulates energy homeostasis by suppressing food intake and insulin secretion, while stimulating glucagon secretion. While it was found that neuronostatin receptor is expressed in white adipose tissue, the role of neuronostatin in controlling adipose tissue formation is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of neuronostatin on proliferation and differentiation of rat primary preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. We found that neuronostatin receptor GPR107 is expressed in rat preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. Neuronostatin promotes proliferation of preadipocytes via AKT activation. Downregulation of GPR107 mRNA expression and protein production results in an attenuation of neuronostatin-induced stimulation of preadipocyte proliferation. Moreover, neuronostatin reduces intracellular lipid content and the expression of adipogenesis-modulating genes C/ebpα, C/ebpβ, Pparγ, and Fabp4. In summary, these results show that neuronostatin, AKT-dependently, stimulates the proliferation of preadipocytes via GPR107. In contrast, neuronostatin inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariami Jasaszwili
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology & Oncology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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10
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Ramzy A, Kieffer TJ. Altered islet prohormone processing: A cause or consequence of diabetes? Physiol Rev 2021; 102:155-208. [PMID: 34280055 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones are first produced as larger precursor prohormones that require endoproteolytic cleavage to liberate the mature hormones. A structurally conserved but functionally distinct family of nine prohormone convertase enzymes (PCs) are responsible for cleavage of protein precursors of which PC1/3 and PC2 are known to be exclusive to neuroendocrine cells and responsible for prohormone cleavage. Differential expression of PCs within tissues define prohormone processing; whereas glucagon is the major product liberated from proglucagon via PC2 in pancreatic α-cells, proglucagon is preferentially processed by PC1/3 in intestinal L cells to produce glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1, GLP-2). Beyond our understanding of processing of islet prohormones in healthy islets, there is convincing evidence that proinsulin, proIAPP, and proglucagon processing is altered during prediabetes and diabetes. There is predictive value of elevated circulating proinsulin or proinsulin : C-peptide ratio for progression to type 2 diabetes and elevated proinsulin or proinsulin : C-peptide is predictive for development of type 1 diabetes in at risk groups. After onset of diabetes, patients have elevated circulating proinsulin and proIAPP and proinsulin may be an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Further, preclinical studies reveal that α-cells have altered proglucagon processing during diabetes leading to increased GLP-1 production. We conclude that despite strong associative data, current evidence is inconclusive on the potential causal role of impaired prohormone processing in diabetes, and suggest that future work should focus on resolving the question of whether altered prohormone processing is a causal driver or merely a consequence of diabetes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ramzy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Yosten GLC, Kolar GR, Salvemini D, Samson WK. The Deductive Reasoning Strategy Enables Biomedical Breakthroughs. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:352-357. [PMID: 34373671 PMCID: PMC8343643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit the signals of a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters and are targets of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drugs. We developed an approach for identifying the endogenous ligands for a family of orphan GPCRs that enables the development of novel therapeutics for the potential treatment of a wide variety of disorders including pain, diabetes, appetitive behaviors, infertility and obesity. With this approach, we have deorphanized five previously orphaned GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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12
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Yosten GLC, Haddock CJ, Harada CM, Almeida-Pereira G, Kolar GR, Stein LM, Hayes MR, Salvemini D, Samson WK. Past, present and future of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Physiol Behav 2021; 235:113380. [PMID: 33705816 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the peptide encoded by the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cartpt) has been recognized since 1981, but it was not until 1995, that the gene encoding CART peptide (CART) was identified. With the availability of the predicted protein sequence of CART investigators were able to identify sites of peptide localization, which then led to numerous approaches attempting to clarify CART's multiple pharmacologic effects and even provide evidence of potential physiologic relevance. Although not without controversy, a picture emerged of the importance of CART in ingestive behaviors, reward behaviors and even pain sensation. Despite the wealth of data hinting at the significance of CART, in the absence of an identified receptor, the full potential for this peptide or its analogs to be developed into therapeutic agents remained unrealized. There was evidence favoring the action of CART via a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but despite multiple attempts the identity of that receptor eluded investigators until recently. Now with the identification of the previously orphaned GPCR, GPR160, as a receptor for CART, focus on this pluripotent neuropeptide will in all likelihood experience a renaissance and the potential for the development of pharmcotherapies targeting GPR160 seems within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Christopher J Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Caron M Harada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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13
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Haddock CJ, Almeida-Pereira G, Stein LM, Hayes MR, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. Signaling in rat brainstem via Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic and antidipsogenic actions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R236-R249. [PMID: 33206556 PMCID: PMC7988768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent work identified Gpr160 as a candidate receptor for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) and described its role in pain modulation. The aims of the present study were to determine if Gpr160 is required for the CARTp's ability to reduce food intake and water intake and to initially identify the distribution of Gpr160-like immunoreactivity (Gpr160ir) in the rat brain. A passive immunoneutralization approach targeting Gpr160 was used to block the behavioral effects of a pharmacological dose of CARTp in the fourth cerebroventricle (4V) of rats and to determine the importance of endogenously produced CARTp in the control of ingestive behaviors. Passive immunoneutralization of Gpr160 in the 4V blocked the actions of CARTp to inhibit food intake and water intake. Blockade of Gpr160 in the 4V, independent of pharmacological CART treatment, caused an increase in both overnight food intake and water intake. The decrease in food intake, but not water intake, caused by central injection of CARTp was demonstrated to be interrupted by prior administration of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist. Gpr160ir was observed in several, distinct sites throughout the rat brain, where CARTp staining has been described. Importantly, Gpr160ir was observed to be present in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types. These data support the hypothesis that Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic actions of central CARTp injection and extend these findings to water drinking. Gpr160ir was observed in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types in regions known to be important in the multiple pharmacological effects of CARTp, identifying those areas as targets for future compromise of function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Shao T, Yang S, Yu P. Intrathecal administration of neuronostatin induces an antinociceptive effect in a mouse visceral pain model. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2020.9050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronostatin (NST) is a peptide encoded by the somatostatin gene that serves important physiological functions in diverse tissues. Previous studies have shown that intracerebroventricular administration of NST induces antinociceptive effects and hyperalgesic effects as determined by the tail immersion assay and formalin test, respectively. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of NST on nociception in a model of visceral pain, and determine possible mechanisms of action in mice. NST (1, 3, 6, or 12 nmol) was administered to mice, leading to a dose‐dependent antinociceptive effect as determined by the acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice. NST (1 nmol) also enhanced the antinociceptive effect of morphine (2.5 and 5 μg/kg) in the spine. Naloxone and β‐funaltrexamine hydrochloride significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effect of NST. The expression of G‐protein‐coupled receptor 107 (GPR107) protein and the phosphorylation of PKA at Thr197 were increased after i.t. administration of NST, suggesting that the μ‐opioid receptor and GPR107/PKA signaling pathway are involved in the analgesic response. In conclusion, i.t. injection of NST may potentially be used as a new approach in the mediation of visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingji Shao
- The Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shaobin Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peng Yu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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15
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Abid MSR, Mousavi S, Checco JW. Identifying Receptors for Neuropeptides and Peptide Hormones: Challenges and Recent Progress. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:251-263. [PMID: 33539706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling events mediated by neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent important targets for both basic science and drug discovery. For many bioactive peptides, the protein receptors that transmit information across the receiving cell membrane are not known, severely limiting these signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Identifying the receptor(s) for a given peptide of interest is complicated by several factors. Most notably, cell-cell signaling peptides are generated through dynamic biosynthetic pathways, can act on many different families of receptor proteins, and can participate in complex ligand-receptor interactions that extend beyond a simple one-to-one archetype. Here, we discuss recent methodological advances to identify signaling partners for bioactive peptides. Recent efforts have centered on methods to identify candidate receptors via transcript expression, methods to match peptide-receptor pairs through high throughput screening, and methods to capture direct ligand-receptor interactions using chemical probes. Future applications of the receptor identification approaches discussed here, as well as technical advancements to address their limitations, promise to lead to a greater understanding of how cells communicate to deliver complex physiologies. Importantly, such advancements will likely provide novel targets for the treatment of human diseases within the central nervous and endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shadman Ridwan Abid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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16
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Vastagh C, Csillag V, Solymosi N, Farkas I, Liposits Z. Gonadal Cycle-Dependent Expression of Genes Encoding Peptide-, Growth Factor-, and Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone Neurons of Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:594119. [PMID: 33551743 PMCID: PMC7863983 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.594119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising serum estradiol triggers the surge release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at late proestrus leading to ovulation. We hypothesized that proestrus evokes alterations in peptidergic signaling onto GnRH neurons inducing a differential expression of neuropeptide-, growth factor-, and orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome of GnRH neurons collected from intact, proestrous and metestrous GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GnRH-GFP) transgenic mice using Affymetrix microarray technique. Proestrus resulted in a differential expression of genes coding for peptide/neuropeptide receptors including Adipor1, Prokr1, Ednrb, Rtn4r, Nmbr, Acvr2b, Sctr, Npr3, Nmur1, Mc3r, Cckbr, and Amhr2. In this gene cluster, Adipor1 mRNA expression was upregulated and the others were downregulated. Expression of growth factor receptors and their related proteins was also altered showing upregulation of Fgfr1, Igf1r, Grb2, Grb10, and Ngfrap1 and downregulation of Egfr and Tgfbr2 genes. Gpr107, an orphan GPCR, was upregulated during proestrus, while others were significantly downregulated (Gpr1, Gpr87, Gpr18, Gpr62, Gpr125, Gpr183, Gpr4, and Gpr88). Further affected receptors included vomeronasal receptors (Vmn1r172, Vmn2r-ps54, and Vmn1r148) and platelet-activating factor receptor (Ptafr), all with marked downregulation. Patch-clamp recordings from mouse GnRH-GFP neurons carried out at metestrus confirmed that the differentially expressed IGF-1, secretin, and GPR107 receptors were operational, as their activation by specific ligands evoked an increase in the frequency of miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs). These findings show the contribution of certain novel peptides, growth factors, and ligands of orphan GPCRs to regulation of GnRH neurons and their preparation for the surge release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csillag
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Farkas
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Mushala BAS, Scott I. Adropin: a hepatokine modulator of vascular function and cardiac fuel metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H238-H244. [PMID: 33216612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00449.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a nutritionally regulated peptide hormone, secreted primarily by the liver, which modulates metabolic homeostasis in a number of tissues. Growing evidence suggests that adropin is an important regulatory component in a number of cardiovascular pathologies, and may be central to the control of cardiac fuel metabolism and vascular function. In this mini-review, we examine the known facets of adropin biology, discuss open questions in the field, and speculate on the therapeutic potential of targeting adropin-related signaling pathways in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellina A S Mushala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iain Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Calderón-Zamora L, Canizalez-Román A, León-Sicairos N, Aguilera-Mendez A, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Changes in expression of orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 during the development and establishment of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:558-565. [PMID: 33121311 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1835959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease, which in spite of existing treatments continues to have high morbidity and mortality, which suggests that there are other mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this sense, the orphan receptors are G protein-coupled receptor associated with various pathologies such as GPR99 which has been linked to mice develop left ventricular hypertrophy induced by blood pressure overload while GPR107 with patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study if the expression of the orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are modified by arterial hypertension. Male SHR and WKY rats of 6-8 and 10-12 weeks old were used. The weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured, as well as the mRNA of the receptors GPR99 and GPR107 in the aorta, kidney, heart and brain by RT-PCR, also was realized an in silico analysis to predict which G protein could be coupled the orphan receptor GPR107. Our results showed that receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are expressed in the analyzed tissues and their expression profile tends to change at different ages and with the development of hypertension, for the other hand, the bioinformatics analysis for GPR107 showed that is coupled to Gi protein. Therefore, we do not rule out that GPR99 and GPR107 could be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and could be used as targets therapeutic in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Asdrubal Aguilera-Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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19
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Yang S, Zhou F, Ma M, Yuan Y, Zhao S, Yu P. Neuronostatin Promotion Soluble Aβ1-42 Oligomers: Induced Dysfunctional Brain Glucose Metabolism in Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2474-2486. [PMID: 32761296 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin (NST) is an endogenous peptide hormone, it has the ability to improve oligomeric Aβ (oAβ)-induced cognitive impairments and increase blood glucose levels in mice. However, the relationship between NST and oAβ regarding brain glucose metabolism has not yet been established. The present study defined the contributions of NST and oAβ in the brain glucose metabolism in mice. It was found that i.c.v. co-administration of NST (3 nmol/mouse) and oAβ (1 nmol/mouse) decreased the mRNA expressions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase. The treatments were observed to reduce ATP production and the enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase in both the cortex and hippocampus. Simultaneously, co-injection of NST and oAβ inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of glucose transporters GLUT3 and GLUT1 in the cortex and hippocampus. NST promoted the oAβ-induced decreased the cortical NeuN staining, while oAβ increased the levels of NST in both the cortex and hippocampus. I.c.v. co-administration of NST and oAβ led to increase the levels of GPR107 expression and the phosphorylation of PKA, Akt, PERK and eIF-2α in the cortex. These findings suggest that NST promoted oAβ-induced dysfunctional glucose metabolism through the GPR107/PKA/Akt signaling pathway and PERK/eIF2α axis in the brain, which thus contributes to metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Mei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Shengyou Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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20
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Wang K, Tian S, Galindo-González J, Dávalos LM, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Molecular adaptation and convergent evolution of frugivory in Old World and neotropical fruit bats. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4366-4381. [PMID: 32633855 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although cases of independent adaptation to the same dietary niche have been documented in mammalian ecology, the molecular correlates of such shifts are seldom known. Here, we used genomewide analyses of molecular evolution to examine two lineages of bats that, from an insectivorous ancestor, have both independently evolved obligate frugivory: the Old World family Pteropodidae and the neotropical subfamily Stenodermatinae. New genome assemblies from two neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira hondurensis) provide a framework for comparisons with Old World fruit bats. Comparative genomics of 10 bat species encompassing dietary diversity across the phylogeny revealed convergent molecular signatures of frugivory in both multigene family evolution and single-copy genes. Evidence for convergent molecular adaptations associated with frugivorous diets includes the composition of three subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes, losses of three bitter taste receptor genes, losses of two digestive enzyme genes and convergent amino acid substitutions in several metabolic genes. By identifying suites of adaptations associated with the convergent evolution of frugivory, our analyses both reveal the extent of molecular mechanisms under selection in dietary shifts and will facilitate future studies of molecular ecology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jorge Galindo-González
- Biotechnology and Applied Ecology Institute (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa,Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Center for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
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21
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Sáez-Martínez P, Jiménez-Vacas JM, León-González AJ, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Requena-Tapia MJ, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Unleashing the Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of the Neuronostatin/GPR107 System in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1703. [PMID: 32498336 PMCID: PMC7355908 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain components of the somatostatin-system play relevant roles in Prostate Cancer (PCa), whose most aggressive phenotype (Castration-Resistant-PCa (CRPC)) remains lethal nowadays. However, neuronostatin and the G protein-coupled receptor 107 (GPR107), two novel members of the somatostatin-system, have not been explored yet in PCa. Consequently, we investigated the pathophysiological role of NST/GPR107-system in PCa. GPR107 expression was analyzed in well-characterized PCa patient's cohorts, and functional/mechanistic assays were performed in response to GPR107-silencing and NST-treatment in PCa cells (androgen-dependent (AD: LNCaP) and androgen-independent (AI: 22Rv1/PC-3), which are cell models of hormone-sensitive and CRPC, respectively), and normal prostate cells (RWPE-1 cell-line). GPR107 was overexpressed in PCa and associated with key clinical parameters (e.g., advance stage of PCa, presence of vascular invasion and metastasis). Furthermore, GPR107-silencing inhibited proliferation/migration rates in AI-PCa-cells and altered key genes and oncogenic signaling-pathways involved in PCa aggressiveness (i.e., KI67/CDKN2D/MMP9/PRPF40A, SST5TMD4/AR-v7/In1-ghrelin/EZH2 splicing-variants and AKT-signaling). Interestingly, NST treatment inhibited proliferation/migration only in AI-PCa cells and evoked an identical molecular response than GPR107-silencing. Finally, NST decreased GPR107 expression exclusively in AI-PCa-cells, suggesting that part of the specific antitumor effects of NST could be mediated through a GPR107-downregulation. Altogether, NST/GPR107-system could represent a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool and a promising novel therapeutic target for PCa and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. León-González
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Montero Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J. Requena-Tapia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P. Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (P.S.-M.); (J.M.J.-V.); (A.J.L.-G.); (V.H.-A.); (A.J.M.H.); (E.G.-G.); (R.S.-S.); (M.J.R.-T.); (J.P.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Yosten GL, Harada CM, Haddock C, Giancotti LA, Kolar GR, Patel R, Guo C, Chen Z, Zhang J, Doyle TM, Dickenson AH, Samson WK, Salvemini D. GPR160 de-orphanization reveals critical roles in neuropathic pain in rodents. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2587-2592. [PMID: 31999650 PMCID: PMC7190928 DOI: 10.1172/jci133270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating neuropathic pain is challenging and novel non-opioid-based medicines are needed. Using unbiased receptomics, transcriptomic analyses, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of the orphan GPCR Gpr160 and GPR160 increased in the rodent dorsal horn of the spinal cord following traumatic nerve injury. Genetic and immunopharmacological approaches demonstrated that GPR160 inhibition in the spinal cord prevented and reversed neuropathic pain in male and female rodents without altering normal pain response. GPR160 inhibition in the spinal cord attenuated sensory processing in the thalamus, a key relay in the sensory discriminative pathways of pain. We also identified cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) as a GPR160 ligand. Inhibiting endogenous CARTp signaling in spinal cord attenuated neuropathic pain, whereas exogenous intrathecal CARTp evoked painful hypersensitivity through GPR160-dependent ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our findings de-orphanize GPR160, identify it as a determinant of neuropathic pain and potential therapeutic target, and provide insights into its signaling pathways. CARTp is involved in many diseases including depression and reward and addiction; de-orphanization of GPR160 is a major step forward understanding the role of CARTp signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L.C. Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Caron M. Harada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Chris Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | | | - Grant R. Kolar
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan Patel
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Timothy M. Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Anthony H. Dickenson
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willis K. Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, and
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Xu J, Zhang Z, Lin L, Sun H, White LV, Ding K, Li Z. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Cellular Off-Targets of a DDR1 Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:535-540. [PMID: 32292561 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Target identification of small molecules is a great challenge but an essential step in drug discovery. Here, a quantitative proteomics approach has been used to characterize the cellular targets of DR, a DDR1 inhibitor. By taking advantage of competitive affinity-based protein profiling coupled with bioimaging, Cathepsin D (CTSD) was found to be the principle off-target of DR in human cancer cells. Further findings suggest the potential of DR as a novel CTSD inhibitor for breast cancer treatment. In addition, a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) containing probe was developed to track the binding between DR and its target proteins in living systems and could be a useful tool for DDR1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lorenzo V. White
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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24
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Interaction of central angiotensin II and aldosterone on sodium intake and blood pressure. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Yang S, Shao T, Yu P, Cao R, Zhang M, Wen K, Fan M, He B. Neuronostatin promotes soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers -induced spatial learning and memory impairments in mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:62-74. [PMID: 30753874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin (NST) is composed of a 13-amino acid and amidated peptide hormone encoded in the somatostatin (SST) gene, and plays an important physiological function in diverse tissues. Previous studies have shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intra-hippocampally administration of NST can significantly decrease the percentage of novel object exploration time in the step-down test. In this study, to define the contribution of NST to cognitive impairments induced by soluble Aβ42 oligomers (oAβ), along with the underlying mechanisms. This study used behavioral, biochemical and immunohistological methods to find that i.c.v. administration of NST (3 nmol/mouse) disrupted the ability of spatial learning and memory in mice, led to increase the levels of cAMP, GPR107 protein expression and phosphorylation of PKA at Thr197 in the cortex and hippocampus. NST promoted oAβ (1 nmol/mouse) -induced cognitive impairments, subsequently co-injection of NST and oAβ increased the levels of GPR107 expression and PKA phosphorylation, which also led to hyperactivation of GFAP in the cortex and neuroinflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) both in the cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, it was demonstrated that co-administration of NST and oAβ had increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β and reduced the levels of ATP and hexokinase (HK) activity in the cortex. Therefore, taken together, this study provided powerful insight into the mechanism of NST for memory impairments induced by oAβ, and may potentially serve as a promising target for future Alzheimer's disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Tingji Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ruidong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Kang Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Maorong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Bosheng He
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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26
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Huang G, Jiang H, Lin Y, Xia W, Luo Y, Wu Y, Cai W, Zhou X, Jiang X. LncGPR107 drives the self-renewal of liver tumor initiating cells and liver tumorigenesis through GPR107-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:121. [PMID: 29925408 PMCID: PMC6011390 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background With self-renewal and differentiation properties, liver tumor initiating cells (TICs) are the reasons for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are critical modulators in many physiological and pathological processes. While, their roles in liver TICs are unknown. Methods An unbiased screening was performed using online-available data dataset. Liver TICs were sorted by FACS with surface marker CD133, or enriched by oncosphere formation. TIC self-renewal was examined by oncosphere formation and tumor initiation assay. Loss of function and gain of function assays were performed to examine the role of lncRNA. RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, ChIP, western blot and double FISH were used explore the molecular mechanism of lncRNA. Results We performed an unbiased screening for GPCR expression in liver cancers, and found GPR107 was the most highly expressed GPCR in liver cancer and liver TICs. GPR107 was essential for the self-renewal of liver TICs. The expression of GPR107 was regulated by a long noncoding RNA lncGPR107. LncGPR107 was also highly expressed in liver cancers and liver TICs. LncGPR107 drove the self-renewal of liver TICs through GPR107. Moreover, lncGPR107 recruited SRCAP complex to GPR107 promoter to drive its transcriptional activation. LncGPR107 depletion inhibited the binding of SRCAP complex and GPR107 promoter and subsequent GPR107 expression. Moreover, LncGPR107-SRCAP-GPR107 can be targeted for liver TIC elimination. Conclusion GPR107 was the most highly expressed GPCR in liver cancer and liver TICs. LncGPR107 participated in the transcriptional regulation of GPR107 in cis, through recruiting SRCAP remodeling complex to GPR107 promoter. This work revealed the important role of GPCR signaling in liver TIC self-renewal and added a new layer for liver TIC and GPCR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Huang
- Department of general surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuzheng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwei Luo
- Department of general surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Wu
- Department of general surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilong Cai
- Department of general surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Luque RM, Kineman RD. Neuronostatin exerts actions on pituitary that are unique from its sibling peptide somatostatin. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:217-227. [PMID: 29615476 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin, a somatostatin gene-encoded peptide, exerts important physiological and metabolic actions in diverse tissues. However, the direct biological effects of neuronostatin on pituitary function of humans and primates are still unknown. This study used baboon (Papio anubis) primary pituitary cell cultures, a species that closely models human physiology, to demonstrate that neuronostatin inhibits basal, but not ghrelin-/GnRH-stimulated, growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, without affecting the secretion of other pituitary hormones (prolactin, ACTH, FSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) or changing mRNA levels. Actions of neuronostatin differs from somatostatin which in this study reduced GH/PRL/ACTH/LH/TSH secretion and GH/PRL/POMC/LH gene expression. Remarkably, we found that inhibitory actions of neuronostatin are likely mediated through: (1) the orphan receptor GPCR107 (found to be highly expressed in pituitary compared to somatostatin-receptors), (2) common (i.e. adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A/MAPK/extra-/intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, but not phospholipase C/protein kinase C/mTOR) and distinct (i.e. PI3K) signaling pathways than somatostatin and; (3) dissimilar molecular mechanisms than somatostatin (i.e. upregulation of GPCR107 and downregulation of GHS-R/Kiss1-R expression by neuronostatin and, upregulation of sst1-5 expression by somatostatin). Altogether, the results of this study provide the first evidence that there is a functional neuronostatin signaling circuit, unique from somatostatin, which may work in concert with somatostatin to fine-tune hormone release from somatostropes and gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Abstract
In this brief review we summarize the current fndings relative to the discovery of a small peptide ligand, phoenixin (PNX). Using a bioinformatic approach, two novel peptides PNX-14 and PNX-20 containing 14 and 20 amino acids, respectively, were isolated from diverse tissues including the brain, heart, lung and stomach. Mass spectrometry analysis identified a major and minor peak corresponding to PNX-14 and PNX-20, in rat or mouse spinal cord extracts. With the use of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum, phoenixin immunoreactivity (irPNX) was detected in discrete areas of the rodent brain including several hypothalamic subnuclei and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In addition, irPNX was detected in a population of sensory ganglion cells including dorsal root ganglion, nodose ganglion and trigeminal ganglion, and in cell processes densely distributed to the superficial layers of the dorsal horn, nucleus of the solitary tract and spinal trigeminal tract. irPNX cell processes were also detected in the skin and myenteric plexus, suggesting a brain-gut and/or brain-skin connection. Pharmacological studies show that PNX-14 injected subcutaneously to the nape of the neck of mice provoked dose-dependent repetitive scratching bouts directed to the back of the neck with the hindpaws. Our result suggests that the peptide PNX-14 and/or PNX-20, may serve as one of the endogenous signal molecules transducing itch sensation. Additionally, results from other laboratories show that exogenous PNX may affect a number of diverse behaviors such as memory formation, depression, reproduction, food-intake and anxiolytic-like behaviors.
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29
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The G protein-coupled receptors deorphanization landscape. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:62-74. [PMID: 29454621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are usually highlighted as being both the largest family of membrane proteins and the most productive source of drug targets. However, most of the GPCRs are understudied and hence cannot be used immediately for innovative therapeutic strategies. Besides, there are still around 100 orphan receptors, with no described endogenous ligand and no clearly defined function. The race to discover new ligands for these elusive receptors seems to be less intense than before. Here, we present an update of the various strategies employed to assign a function to these receptors and to discover new ligands. We focus on the recent advances in the identification of endogenous ligands with a detailed description of newly deorphanized receptors. Replication being a key parameter in these endeavors, we also discuss the latest controversies about problematic ligand-receptor pairings. In this context, we propose several recommendations in order to strengthen the reporting of new ligand-receptor pairs.
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30
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by selective loss of beta cells and insulin secretion, which significantly impact glucose homeostasis. However, this progressive disease is also associated with dysfunction of the alpha cell component of the islet, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia due to paradoxical hyperglucagonemia or lead to severe hypoglycemia as a result of failed counterregulation. In this review, the physiology of alpha cell secretion and the potential mechanisms underlying alpha cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes will be explored. Because type 1 diabetes is a progressive disease, a synthesized timeline of aberrant alpha cell function will be presented as an attempt to delineate the natural history of type 1 diabetes with respect to the alpha cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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31
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Single-cell transcriptomics of the human placenta: inferring the cell communication network of the maternal-fetal interface. Genome Res 2017; 27:349-361. [PMID: 28174237 PMCID: PMC5340963 DOI: 10.1101/gr.207597.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organismal function is, to a great extent, determined by interactions among their fundamental building blocks, the cells. In this work, we studied the cell-cell interactome of fetal placental trophoblast cells and maternal endometrial stromal cells, using single-cell transcriptomics. The placental interface mediates the interaction between two semiallogenic individuals, the mother and the fetus, and is thus the epitome of cell interactions. To study these, we inferred the cell-cell interactome by assessing the gene expression of receptor-ligand pairs across cell types. We find a highly cell-type-specific expression of G-protein-coupled receptors, implying that ligand-receptor profiles could be a reliable tool for cell type identification. Furthermore, we find that uterine decidual cells represent a cell-cell interaction hub with a large number of potential incoming and outgoing signals. Decidual cells differentiate from their precursors, the endometrial stromal fibroblasts, during uterine preparation for pregnancy. We show that decidualization (even in vitro) enhances the ability to communicate with the fetus, as most of the receptors and ligands up-regulated during decidualization have their counterpart expressed in trophoblast cells. Among the signals transmitted, growth factors and immune signals dominate, and suggest a delicate balance of enhancing and suppressive signals. Finally, this study provides a rich resource of gene expression profiles of term intravillous and extravillous trophoblasts, including the transcriptome of the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast.
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32
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Kolar GR, Grote SM, Yosten GLC. Targeting orphan G protein-coupled receptors for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: C-peptide and GPR146. J Intern Med 2017; 281:25-40. [PMID: 27306986 PMCID: PMC6092955 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant receptor family encoded by the human genome and are the targets of a high percentage of drugs currently in use or in clinical trials for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and its associated complications. Thus, orphan GPCRs, for which the ligand is unknown, represent an important untapped source of therapeutic potential for the treatment of many diseases. We have identified the previously orphan GPCR, GPR146, as the putative receptor of proinsulin C-peptide, which may prove to be an effective treatment for diabetes-associated complications. For example, we have found a potential role of C-peptide and GPR146 in regulating the function of the retinal pigment epithelium, a monolayer of cells in the retina that serves as part of the blood-retinal barrier and is disrupted in diabetic macular oedema. However, C-peptide signalling in this cell type appears to depend at least in part on extracellular glucose concentration and its interaction with insulin. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of orphan GPCRs with a special focus on C-peptide and GPR146, including past and current strategies used to 'deorphanize' this diverse family of receptors, past successes and the inherent difficulties of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S M Grote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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33
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Stein LM, Tullock CW, Mathews SK, Garcia-Galiano D, Elias CF, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. Hypothalamic action of phoenixin to control reproductive hormone secretion in females: importance of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr173. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R489-96. [PMID: 27440717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00191.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sexual maturation and maintenance of reproductive function are regulated by neurohormonal communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads (referred to as the HPG axis). Phoenixin (PNX) is a newly identified, endogenous peptide abundantly produced in the hypothalamus and shown to be an important mediator of ovarian cyclicity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which phoenixin functions within the HPG axis are unknown. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated a direct action of PNX on gonadotrophs to potentiate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induced luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Therefore, we hypothesized that centrally derived phoenixin regulates the preovulatory LH surge required for ovarian cyclicity. We observed a significant dose-related increase in the level of plasma LH in diestrous, female rats that were given an intracerebroventricular injection of PNX compared with vehicle-treated controls. While this suggests that even under low-estrogen conditions, PNX acts centrally to stimulate the HPG axis, further characterization is contingent on the elucidation of its cognate receptor. Using the "deductive ligand receptor matching strategy," we identified the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr173, as our top candidate. In cultured pituitary cells, siRNA-targeted compromise of Gpr173 abrogated PNX's action to potentiate GnRH-stimulated LH secretion. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Gpr173, which localized to several hypothalamic sites related to reproductive function, not only significantly extended the estrous cycle but also prevented the PNX-induced LH secretion in diestrous, female rats. These studies are the first to demonstrate a functional relationship between PNX and Gpr173 in reproductive physiology and identify a potential therapeutic target for ovulatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Chloe W Tullock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Stacy K Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - David Garcia-Galiano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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34
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Samson WK, Stein LM, Elrick M, Salvatori A, Kolar G, Corbett JA, Yosten GLC. Hypoglycemia unawareness prevention: Targeting glucagon production. Physiol Behav 2016; 162:147-50. [PMID: 27080082 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent individuals with diabetes are at risk for a severe hypoglycemic event that may predispose them to several repeat episodes during which the normal counter regulatory mechanisms that protect against hypoglycemia fail to be activated. This state of hypoglycemia unawareness is characterized by a failure of glucagon release, preventing mobilization of endogenous glucose stores from the liver. We describe the discovery of a novel hormone, produced in pancreatic delta cells, which stimulates glucagon production and release, particularly under low glucose conditions. We hypothesize that this hormone, called neuronostatin, may be effective as a co-therapy with insulin to prevent repeated, potentially fatal episodes of recurrent hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Mollisa Elrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Alison Salvatori
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Grant Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
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35
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Stein LM, Yosten GLC, Samson WK. Adropin acts in brain to inhibit water drinking: potential interaction with the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR19. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R476-80. [PMID: 26739651 PMCID: PMC4867374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00511.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adropin, a recently described peptide hormone produced in the brain and liver, has been reported to have physiologically relevant actions on glucose homeostasis and lipogenesis, and to exert significant effect on endothelial function. We describe a central nervous system action of adropin to inhibit water drinking and identify a potential adropin receptor, the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR19. Reduction in GPR19 mRNA levels in medial basal hypothalamus of male rats resulted in the loss of the inhibitory effect of adropin on water deprivation-induced thirst. The identification of a novel brain action of adropin and a candidate receptor for the peptide should extend and accelerate the study of the potential therapeutic value of adropin or its mimetics for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Proteins/pharmacology
- Brain/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drinking Behavior/drug effects
- Eating/drug effects
- Hypothalamus, Middle/drug effects
- Hypothalamus, Middle/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/drug effects
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Thirst/drug effects
- Water Deprivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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36
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Elrick MM, Samson WK, Corbett JA, Salvatori AS, Stein LM, Kolar GR, Naatz A, Yosten GLC. Neuronostatin acts via GPR107 to increase cAMP-independent PKA phosphorylation and proglucagon mRNA accumulation in pancreatic α-cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R143-55. [PMID: 26561648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00369.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin (NST) is a recently described peptide that is produced from the somatostatin preprohormone in pancreatic δ-cells. NST has been shown to increase glucagon secretion from primary rat pancreatic islets in low-glucose conditions. Here, we demonstrate that NST increases proglucagon message in α-cells and identify a potential mechanism for NST's cellular activities, including the phosphorylation of PKA following activation of the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR107. GPR107 is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, particularly, in rodent and human α-cells. Compromise of GPR107 in pancreatic α-cells results in failure of NST to increase PKA phosphorylation and proglucagon mRNA levels. We also demonstrate colocalization of GPR107 and NST on both mouse and human pancreatic α-cells. Taken together with our group's observation that NST infusion in conscious rats impairs glucose clearance in response to a glucose challenge and that plasma levels of the peptide are elevated in the fasted compared with the fed or fasted-refed state, these studies support the hypothesis that endogenous NST regulates islet cell function by interacting with GPR107 and initiating signaling in glucagon-producing α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollisa M Elrick
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison S Salvatori
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Aaron Naatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
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Trudeau ME, Chapman JAW, Guo B, Clemons MJ, Dent RA, Jong RA, Kahn HJ, Pritchard KI, Han L, O'Brien P, Shepherd LE, Parissenti AM. A phase I/II trial of epirubicin and docetaxel in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) on 2-weekly or 3-weekly schedules: NCIC CTG MA.22. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:631. [PMID: 26543765 PMCID: PMC4627986 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This phase I/II neoadjuvant trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00066443) determined maximally-tolerated doses (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities, response-to-therapy, and explored the role of novel response biomarkers. MA.22 accrued T3N0, any N2 or N3, and T4 breast cancer patients. Treatment was 6 cycles of 3-weekly (Schedule A; N = 47) or 8 cycles of 2-weekly (Schedule B; N = 46) epirubicin/docetaxel chemotherapy in sequential phase I/II studies, with growth factor support. In phase I of each schedule, MTDs were based on DLT. In phase II, clinical responses (CR/PR) and pathologic complete responses (pCR) were assessed. Tumor biopsy cores were obtained pre-, mid-, and post-treatment: 3 for pathologic assessment; 3 for microarray studies. DLT for Schedule A was febrile neutropenia at 105 mg/m2 epirubicin and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel; for schedule B, it was fatigue at 75 mg/m2 for both agents. Phase II doses were 90 mg/m2 epirubicin/75 mg/m2 docetaxel for Schedule A and 60 mg/m2 (both agents) for Schedule B. Schedule A CR/PR and pCR rates were 90 and 10 %, with large reductions in tumor RNA content and integrity following treatment; Schedule B results were 93 and 0 %, with smaller reductions in RNA quality. Pre-treatment expression of several genes was associated with clinical response, including those within a likely amplicon at 17q12 (ERBB2, TCAP, GSDMB, and PNMT). The combination regimens had acceptable toxicity, good clinical response, induction of changes in tumor RNA content and integrity. Pre-treatment expression of particular genes was associated with clinical responses, including several near 17q12, which with ERBB2, may better identify chemoresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Elizabeth Trudeau
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Judith-Anne W Chapman
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1 Canada
| | - Mark J Clemons
- The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Rebecca A Dent
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Roberta A Jong
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Harriette J Kahn
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Kathleen I Pritchard
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Lei Han
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Patti O'Brien
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, 10 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1 Canada
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Yosten GLC, Elrick MM, Salvatori A, Stein LM, Kolar GR, Ren J, Corbett JA, Samson WK. Understanding peptide biology: The discovery and characterization of the novel hormone, neuronostatin. Peptides 2015; 72:192-5. [PMID: 26051024 PMCID: PMC4641813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project provided the opportunity to use bioinformatic approaches to discover novel, endogenous hormones. Using this approach we have identified two novel peptide hormones and review here our strategy for the identification and characterization of the hormone, neuronostatin. We describe in this mini-review our strategy for determining neuronostatin's actions in brain, heart and pancreas. More importantly, we detail our deductive reasoning strategy for the identification of a neuronostatin receptor and our progress in establishing the physiological relevance of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mollisa M Elrick
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alison Salvatori
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA.
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Yosten GLC, Kolar GR. The Physiology of Proinsulin C-Peptide: Unanswered Questions and a Proposed Model. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30:327-32. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
C-peptide is produced, processed, and secreted with insulin, and appears to exert separate but intimately related effects. In this review, we address the existence of the C-peptide receptor, the interaction between C-peptide and insulin, and the potential physiological significance of proinsulin C-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L. C. Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Grant R. Kolar
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Yosten GLC, Maric-Bilkan C, Luppi P, Wahren J. Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E955-68. [PMID: 25249503 PMCID: PMC4254984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Connecting Peptide, or C-peptide, is a product of the insulin prohormone, and is released with and in amounts equimolar to those of insulin. While it was once thought that C-peptide was biologically inert and had little biological significance beyond its role in the proper folding of insulin, it is now known that C-peptide binds specifically to the cell membranes of a variety of tissues and initiates specific intracellular signaling cascades that are pertussis toxin sensitive. Although it is now clear that C-peptide is a biologically active molecule, controversy still remains as to the physiological significance of the peptide. Interestingly, C-peptide appears to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose in some tissues, including the kidney, the peripheral nerves, and the vasculature. C-peptide is thus a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated long-term complications. This review addresses the possible physiologically relevant roles of C-peptide in both normal and disease states and discusses the effects of the peptide on sensory nerve, renal, and vascular function. Furthermore, we highlight the intracellular effects of the peptide and present novel strategies for the determination of the C-peptide receptor(s). Finally, a hypothesis is offered concerning the relationship between C-peptide and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Christine Maric-Bilkan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Wahren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Cebix Inc., Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
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Tafesse FG, Guimaraes CP, Maruyama T, Carette JE, Lory S, Brummelkamp TR, Ploegh HL. GPR107, a G-protein-coupled receptor essential for intoxication by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, localizes to the Golgi and is cleaved by furin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24005-18. [PMID: 25031321 PMCID: PMC4148833 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of toxins, including exotoxin A (PE) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. PE kills by ADP-ribosylation of the translation elongation factor 2, but many of the host factors required for entry, membrane translocation, and intracellular transport remain to be elucidated. A genome-wide genetic screen in human KBM7 cells was performed to uncover host factors used by PE, several of which were confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing in a different cell type. Several proteins not previously implicated in the PE intoxication pathway were identified, including GPR107, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. GPR107 localizes to the trans-Golgi network and is essential for retrograde transport. It is cleaved by the endoprotease furin, and a disulfide bond connects the two cleaved fragments. Compromising this association affects the function of GPR107. The N-terminal region of GPR107 is critical for its biological function. GPR107 might be one of the long-sought receptors that associates with G-proteins to regulate intracellular vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu G Tafesse
- From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Carla P Guimaraes
- From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jan E Carette
- the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Stephen Lory
- the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- From the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
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Sandberg K, Verbalis JG, Yosten GLC, Samson WK. Sex and basic science. A Title IX position. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R361-5. [PMID: 24944252 PMCID: PMC5504397 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00251.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Sandberg
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Joseph G Verbalis
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease and Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Salvatori AS, Elrick MM, Samson WK, Corbett JA, Yosten GLC. Neuronostatin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via direct action on the pancreatic α-cell. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1257-63. [PMID: 24735892 PMCID: PMC4042099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00599.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin is a recently described peptide hormone encoded by the somatostatin gene. We previously showed that intraperitoneal injection of neuronostatin into mice resulted in c-Jun accumulation in pancreatic islets in a pattern consistent with the activation of glucagon-producing α-cells. We therefore hypothesized that neuronostatin could influence glucose homeostasis via a direct effect on the α-cell. Neuronostatin enhanced low-glucose-induced glucagon release in isolated rat islets and in the immortalized α-cell line αTC1-9. Furthermore, incubation with neuronostatin led to an increase in transcription of glucagon mRNA, as determined by RT-PCR. Neuronostatin also inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets. However, neuronostatin did not alter insulin release from the β-cell line INS 832/13, indicating that the effect of neuronostatin on insulin secretion may be secondary to a direct action on the α-cell. In agreement with our in vitro data, intra-arterial infusion of neuronostatin in male rats delayed glucose disposal and inhibited insulin release during a glucose challenge. These studies suggest that neuronostatin participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis through cell-cell interactions between α-cells and β-cells in the endocrine pancreas, leading to attenuation in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S Salvatori
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Mollisa M Elrick
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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44
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Mo J, Yang A, Chen Z, Shao T, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Neuronostatin ameliorates sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2903-7. [PMID: 23959212 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neuronostatin is encoded in the preprosomatostatin gene and exerts important physiological actions on neuronal and cardiovascular regulation and metabolism in diverse tissues. An intraperitoneal injection of neuronostatin can induce c-Jun expression in the periphery of pancreatic islets. Because of the relatively high amount of neuronostatin present in the pancreas, it is necessary to investigate the effects of neuronostatin on pancreas. Furthermore, little is known about the effect of neuronostatin on acute pancreatitis. METHODS Neuronostatin (30, 60, and 120 nmol) was injected in to the external jugular vein 30 min before retrograde infusion of 2 % sodium taurocholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct. After 6 h, histological damage of the pancreas was evaluated by pancreas weight and paraffin section. A blood sample was collected to determine the serum amylase and lipase activities. RESULTS In our findings, neuronostatin groups had a reduction in interstitial edema, acinar cell vacuolization, and inflammatory infiltration of the pancreas compared with the model group. Biochemical data showed that serum amylase and lipase activities were significantly decreased in neuronostatin-pretreated groups by comparison with the model group. CONCLUSIONS Histopathologic examination suggests that neuronostatin ameliorated the histological damage of sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. The biochemical analysis was consistent with that obtained from histopathologic examination, which was toward a trend of attenuating acute pancreatitis. In summary, neuronostatin might be potentially capable of ameliorating pancreatic damage in acute pancreatitis in rats.
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Lyu RM, Huang XF, Zhang Y, Dun SL, Luo JJ, Chang JK, Dun NJ. Phoenixin: a novel peptide in rodent sensory ganglia. Neuroscience 2013; 250:622-31. [PMID: 23912037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phoenixin-14 amide, herein referred to as phoenixin, is a newly identified peptide from the rat brain. Using a previously characterized rabbit polyclonal antiserum against phoenixin, enzyme-immunoassay detected a high level (>4.5 ng/g tissue) of phoenixin-immunoreactivity (irPNX) in the rat spinal cords. Immunohistochemical studies revealed irPNX in networks of cell processes in the superficial dorsal horn, spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus of the solitary tract; and in a population of dorsal root, trigeminal and nodose ganglion cells. The pattern of distribution of irPNX in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn was similar to that of substance P immunoreactivity (irSP). Double-labeling the dorsal root ganglion sections showed that irPNX and irSP express in different populations of ganglion cells. In awake mice, intrathecal injection of phoenixin (1 or 5 μg) did not significantly affect the tail-flick latency as compared to that in animals injected with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Intrathecal administration of phoenixin (0.5, 1.25 or 2.5 μg) significantly reduced the number of writhes elicited by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.6%, 0.3 ml/30 g) as compared to that in mice injected with aCSF. While not affecting the tail-flick latency, phoenixin antiserum (1:100) injected intrathecally 10 min prior to the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid significantly increased the number of writhes as compared to mice pre-treated with normal rabbit serum. Intrathecal injection of non-amidated phoenixin (2.5 μg) did not significantly alter the number of writhes evoked by acetic acid. Our result shows that phoenixin is expressed in sensory neurons of the dorsal root, nodose and trigeminal ganglia, the amidated peptide is bioactive, and exogenously administered phoenixin may preferentially suppress visceral as opposed to thermal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-M Lyu
- Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burlingame, CA 94010, USA
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Samson WK. AJP-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology: into the future. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1-3. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00223.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willis K. Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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