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Mozaffaritabar S, Koltai E, Zhou L, Bori Z, Kolonics A, Kujach S, Gu Y, Koike A, Boros A, Radák Z. PGC-1α activation boosts exercise-dependent cellular response in the skeletal muscle. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:329-335. [PMID: 38261146 PMCID: PMC11074013 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) in fat metabolism is not well known. In this study, we compared the mechanisms of muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression and exercise-related adaptation-dependent fat metabolism. PGC-1α trained (PGC-1α Ex) and wild-trained (wt-ex) mice were trained for 10 weeks, five times a week at 30 min per day with 60 percent of their maximal running capacity. The PGC-1α overexpressed animals exhibited higher levels of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1), citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), and Phosphatidylcholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2), and lower levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) compared to wild-type animals. Exercise training increased the protein content levels of SIRT1, HSL, and ATGL in both the wt-ex and PGC-1α trained groups. PGC-1α has a complex role in cellular signaling, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-associated proteins. Our data reveals that although exercise training mimics the effects of PGC-1α overexpression, it incorporates some PGC-1α-independent adaptive mechanisms in fat uptake and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Bori
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Atsuko Koike
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Boros
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary.
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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Choi S, Oh M, Oyama O, Park DH, Hong S, Lee TH, Hwang J, Lee HS, Choe YS, Lee W, Jeon JY. Effectiveness of breath acetone monitoring in reducing body fat and improving body composition: a randomized controlled study. J Breath Res 2024; 18:026001. [PMID: 38176080 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m-2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body scale (BS)) with a low-carbohydrate diet, and low-carbohydrate diet only. Primary outcome was the change in fat mass and secondary outcomes were the changes in body weight and body composition. Forty-five participants completed the study (compliance rate: 95.7%). Fat mass was significantly reduced in all three groups (allP< 0.05); however, the greatest reduction in fat mass was observed in the BA group compared to the BS (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.3, -0.2;P= 0.040) and control (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.1, -0.4;P= 0.013) groups. The BA group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass than the BS and control groups (allP< 0.05). In addition, the percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass were significantly reduced in both BA and BS groups (allP< 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in changes in body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass between the study groups. Monitoring BA levels, which could have motivated participants to adhere more closely to the low-carbohydrate diet, to assess body fat oxidation rates may be an effective intervention for reducing body fat mass (compared to body weight assessment or control conditions). This approach could be beneficial for individuals seeking to manage body fat and prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggyu Choi
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Oh
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Okimitsu Oyama
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sahm Choe
- Isenlab Inc., Halla Sigma Valley, Sung-Nam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients (ICONS), Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Al Bataineh MT, Künstner A, Dash NR, Alsafar HS, Ragab M, Schmelter F, Sina C, Busch H, Ibrahim SM. Uncovering the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolomics, and dietary intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy volunteers: a multi-omics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17943. [PMID: 37863978 PMCID: PMC10589304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic levels globally, and several studies have confirmed a link between gut microbial dysbiosis and aberrant glucose homeostasis among people with diabetes. While the assumption is that abnormal metabolomic signatures would often accompany microbial dysbiosis, the connection remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how diet changed the gut bacteriome, mycobiome and metabolome in people with and without type 2 Diabetes.1 Differential abundance testing determined that the metabolites Propionate, U8, and 2-Hydroxybutyrate were significantly lower, and 3-Hydroxyphenyl acetate was higher in the high fiber diet compared to low fiber diet in the healthy control group. Next, using multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA2), we attempted to uncover sources of variability that drive each of the different groups (bacterial, fungal, and metabolite) on all samples combined (control and DM II). Performing variance decomposition, ten latent factors were identified, and then each latent factor was tested for significant correlations with age, BMI, diet, and gender. Latent Factor1 was the most significantly correlated. Remarkably, the model revealed that the mycobiome explained most of the variance in the DM II group (12.5%) whereas bacteria explained most of the variance in the control group (64.2% vs. 10.4% in the DM II group). The latent Factor1 was significantly correlated with dietary intake (q < 0.01). Further analyses of the impact of bacterial and fungal genera on Factor1 determined that the nine bacterial genera (Phocaeicola, Ligilactobacillus, Mesosutterella, Acidaminococcus, Dorea A, CAG-317, Caecibacter, Prevotella and Gemmiger) and one fungal genus (Malassezia furfur) were found to have high factor weights (absolute weight > 0.6). Alternatively, a linear regression model was fitted per disease group for each genus to visualize the relationship between the factor values and feature abundances, showing Xylose with positive weights and Propionate, U8, and 2-Hydroxybutyrate with negative weights. This data provides new information on the microbially derived changes that influence metabolic phenotypes in response to different diets and disease conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Habiba S Alsafar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Fosch A, Garcia-Chica J, Zagmutt S, Casals N. Targeting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 isoforms in the hypothalamus: A promising strategy to regulate energy balance. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13234. [PMID: 36735894 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tackling the growing incidence and prevalence of obesity urgently requires uncovering new molecular pathways with therapeutic potential. The brain, and in particular the hypothalamus, is a major integrator of metabolic signals from peripheral tissues that regulate functions such as feeding behavior and energy expenditure. In obesity, hypothalamic capacity to sense nutritional status and regulate these functions is altered. An emerging line of research is that hypothalamic lipid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating energy balance. Here, we focus on the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme family responsible for long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The evidence suggests that two of its isoforms expressed in the brain, CPT1A and CPT1C, play a crucial role in hypothalamic lipid metabolism, and their promise as targets in food intake and bodyweight management is currently being intensively investigated. In this review we describe and discuss the metabolic actions and potential up- and downstream effectors of hypothalamic CPT1 isoforms, and posit the need to develop innovative nanomedicine platforms for selective targeting of CPT1 and related nutrient sensors in specific brain areas as potential next-generation therapy to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Fosch
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jesús Garcia-Chica
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nuria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Aneis YM, El Refaye GE, Taha MM, Aldhahi MI, Elsisi HF. Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training with Caloric Restriction Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1193. [PMID: 37512005 PMCID: PMC10384259 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obese premenopausal women are at high risk of developing insulin resistance (IR). Concurrent aerobic and strength training (CAST) has been shown to provide remarkable advantages, yet its effects, along with caloric restriction in such a high-risk population, are not yet established. This study aimed to investigate the impact of concurrent aerobic and strength training with caloric restriction (CAST-CR) on IR in obese premenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Forty-two obese premenopausal women with reported IR, aged 40-50 years, were randomly allocated to either the (CAST-CR) intervention group, who underwent CAST with caloric restriction, or the (AT-CR) control group, who received aerobic training in addition to caloric restriction. Both groups completed 12 weeks of controlled training with equivalent training time. Aerobic training began at 60% and gradually progressed to achieve 75% of the maximum heart rate, while strength training was executed at 50% to 70% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM). Anthropometric measures, abdominal adiposity, metabolic parameters, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated prior to and following the intervention. Results: Both groups experienced a substantial enhancement in the selected parameters compared to the baseline (p < 0.001), with higher improvement within the CAST-CR group. The changes in HOMA-IR were -1.24 (95%CI, -1.37 to -1.12) in the CAST-CR group vs. -1.07 (95%CI, -1.19 to -0.94) in the AT-CR group. Conclusions: While AT-CR improved insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women who were obese and hyperinsulinemic, CAST with calorie restriction improved insulin sensitivity more significantly, suggesting it as a preferable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Aneis
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 11432, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ghada E El Refaye
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 11432, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monira I Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany F Elsisi
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 11432, Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Jevtovic F, Biagioni EM, Zheng D, Houmard JA, Wisseman BL, Steen DM, Kern K, Broskey N, Strom C, Newton E, Isler C, DeVente J, May LE. Effects of Maternal Exercise Modes on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Offspring Stem Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e360-e370. [PMID: 36722208 PMCID: PMC11208845 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal exercise positively influences pregnancy outcomes and metabolic health in progeny; however, data regarding the effects of different modes of prenatal exercise on offspring metabolic phenotype is lacking. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effects of different modes of maternal exercise on offspring umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) metabolism. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Clinical research facility. PATIENTS Healthy females between 18 and 35 years of age and <16 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION Women were randomized to either 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic, resistance (RE), or combination exercise per week or to a non-exercising control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At delivery, MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cords. MSC glucose and fatty acid(s) metabolism was assessed using radiolabeled substrates. RESULTS MSCs from offspring of all the exercising women demonstrated greater partitioning of oleate (P ≤ 0.05) and palmitate (P ≤ 0.05) toward complete oxidation relative to non-exercisers. MSCs from offspring of all exercising mothers also had lower rates of incomplete fatty acid oxidation (P ≤ 0.05), which was related to infant adiposity at 1 month of age. MSCs from all exercising groups exhibited higher insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis rates (P ≤ 0.05), with RE having the largest effect (P ≤ 0.05). RE also had the greatest effect on MSC glucose oxidation rates (P ≤ 0.05) and partitioning toward complete oxidation (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that maternal exercise enhances glucose and lipid metabolism of offspring MSCs. Improvements in MSC glucose metabolism seem to be the greatest with maternal RE. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03838146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Ericka M Biagioni
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Breanna L Wisseman
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Dylan M Steen
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Kara Kern
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Nicholas Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Cody Strom
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, 47712, USA
| | - Edward Newton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - James DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
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7
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Jevtovic F, Lopez CA, Zheng D, Cortright RN, Biagioni EM, Claiborne A, Isler C, DeVente JE, Houmard JA, May LE, Broskey NT. Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1312-1320. [PMID: 37055039 PMCID: PMC11215326 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00737.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains scarce. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are racial differences in substrate metabolism evident at birth using a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from offspring umbilical cords. Using radio-labeled tracers, MSCs from offspring of AA and C mothers were tested for glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the undifferentiated state and while undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Undifferentiated MSCs from AA exhibited greater partitioning of glucose toward nonoxidized glucose metabolites. In the myogenic state, AA displayed higher glucose oxidation, but similar fatty acid oxidation rates. In the presence of both glucose and palmitate, but not palmitate only, AA exhibit a higher rate of incomplete fatty acid oxidation evident by a greater production of acid-soluble metabolites. Myogenic differentiation of MSCs elicits an increase in glucose oxidation in AA, but not in C. Together, these data suggest that metabolic differences between AA and C races exist at birth.NEW & NOTEWORTHY African Americans, when compared with Caucasians, display greater insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Differences in substrate utilization have been proposed as a factor for this health disparity; however, it remains unknown how early these differences manifest. Using infant umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we tested for in vitro glucose and fatty acid oxidation differences. Myogenically differentiated MSCs from African American offspring display higher rates of glucose oxidation and incomplete fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christian A Lopez
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ericka M Biagioni
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - James E DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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8
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Soler-Vázquez MC, Romero MDM, Todorcevic M, Delgado K, Calatayud C, Benitez-Amaro A, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Mera P, Zagmutt S, Bastías-Pérez M, Ibeas K, Casals N, Escolà-Gil JC, Llorente-Cortés V, Consiglio A, Serra D, Herrero L. Implantation of CPT1AM-expressing adipocytes reduces obesity and glucose intolerance in mice. Metab Eng 2023; 77:256-272. [PMID: 37088334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities are a rising global health and social issue, with novel therapeutic approaches urgently needed. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) have gained great interest in cell therapy. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the gatekeeper enzyme for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Here, we aimed to generate adipocytes expressing a constitutively active CPT1A form (CPT1AM) that can improve the obese phenotype in mice after their implantation. AT-MSCs were differentiated into mature adipocytes, subjected to lentivirus-mediated expression of CPT1AM or the GFP control, and subcutaneously implanted into mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CPT1AM-implanted mice showed lower body weight, hepatic steatosis and serum insulin and cholesterol levels alongside improved glucose tolerance. HFD-induced increases in adipose tissue hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis were reduced in CPT1AM-implanted mice. In addition, the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of CPT1AM-implanted mice. Our results demonstrate that implantation of CPT1AM-expressing AT-MSC-derived adipocytes into HFD-fed mice improves the obese metabolic phenotype, supporting the future clinical use of this ex vivo gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marijana Todorcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Bastías-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), E-08195, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Vogt ÉL, Von Dentz MC, Rocha DS, Model JFA, Kowalewski LS, Silveira D, de Amaral M, de Bittencourt Júnior PIH, Kucharski LC, Krause M, Vinagre AS. Acute effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on cell metabolism and signaling: Comparison between lean and obese rats. Life Sci 2023; 315:121357. [PMID: 36634864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although the benefits of exercise can be potentiated by fasting in healthy subjects, few studies evaluated the effects of this intervention on the metabolism of obese subjects. This study investigated the immediate effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on the metabolism of gastrocnemius and soleus of lean and obese rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for twelve weeks to induce obesity or were fed standard diet (SD). After this period, the animals were subdivided in groups: fed and rest (FER), fed and exercise (30 min treadmill, FEE), 8 h fasted and rest (FAR) and fasted and exercise (FAE). Muscle samples were used to investigate the oxidative capacity and gene expression of AMPK, PGC1α, SIRT1, HSF1 and HSP70. KEY FINDINGS In relation to lean animals, obese animals' gastrocnemius glycogen decreased 60 %, triglycerides increased 31 %; glucose and alanine oxidation decreased 26 % and 38 %, respectively; in soleus, triglycerides reduced 46 % and glucose oxidation decreased 37 %. Exercise and fasting induced different effects in glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats. In soleus, fasting exercise spared glycogen and increased palmitate oxidation, while in gastrocnemius, glucose oxidation increased. In obese animals' gastrocnemius, AMPK expression decreased 29 % and SIRT1 increased 28 % in relation to lean. The AMPK response was more sensitive to exercise and fasting in lean than obese rats. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise and fasting induced different effects on the metabolism of glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats that can promote health benefits in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiza Cristina Von Dentz
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Felipe Argenta Model
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Silveira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marjoriane de Amaral
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Júnior
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Kynurenine Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus-Novel Pharmacological Target? Cells 2023; 12:cells12030460. [PMID: 36766803 PMCID: PMC9913876 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (Trp-KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions (which are often contrasting) such as cytotoxic/cytoprotective, oxidant/antioxidant or pro-/anti-inflammatory. The net effect depends on their local concentration, cellular environment, as well as a complex positive and negative feedback loops. The imbalance between beneficial and harmful kynurenines was implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric illnesses and metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite available therapies, DM may lead to serious macro- and microvascular complications including cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, diabetic retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy or cognitive impairment. It is well established that low-grade inflammation, which often coincides with DM, can affect the function of KP and, conversely, that kynurenines may modulate the immune response. This review provides a detailed summary of findings concerning the status of the Trp-KYN pathway in DM based on available animal, human and microbiome studies. We highlight the importance of the molecular interplay between the deranged (functionally and qualitatively) conversion of Trp to kynurenines in the development of DM and insulin resistance. The Trp-KYN pathway emerges as a novel target in the search for preventive and therapeutic interventions in DM.
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11
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Youxiang C, Lin Z, Zekai C, Weijun X. Resting and exercise metabolic characteristics in obese children with insulin resistance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1049560. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1049560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of resting energy expenditure (REE) and lipid metabolism during incremental load exercise in obese children and adolescents with insulin resistance (IR) to provide evidence for exercise intervention in obese children and adolescents with IR.Method: From July 2019 to August 2021, 195 obese children and adolescents aged 13–17 were recruited through a summer camp. The participants were divided into IR (n = 67) and no-IR (without insulin resistance, n = 128) groups and underwent morphology, blood indicators, body composition, and resting energy consumption gas metabolism tests. Thirty participants each were randomly selected from the IR and no-IR groups to carry out the incremental treadmill test.Results: Significant metabolic differences in resting and exercise duration were found between the IR and no-IR groups. In the resting state, the resting metabolic equivalents (4.33 ± 0.94 ml/min/kg vs. 3.91 ± 0.73 ml/min/kg, p = 0.001) and REE (2464.03 ± 462.29 kcal/d vs. 2143.88 ± 380.07 kcal/d, p < 0.001) in the IR group were significantly higher than in the no-IR group. During exercise, the absolute maximal fat oxidation (0.33 ± 0.07 g/min vs. 0.36 ± 0.09 g/min, p = 0.002) in the IR group was significantly lower than in the no-IR group; maximal fat oxidation intensity (130.9 ± 8.9 bpm vs. 139.9 ± 7.4 bpm, p = 0.040) was significantly lower in the IR group.Conclusion: Significant resting and exercise metabolic differences were found between obese IR and no-IR children and adolescents. Obese IR children and adolescents have higher REE and lower maximal fat oxidation intensity than obese no-IR children and adolescents.
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Malin SK, Remchak ME, Smith AJ, Ragland TJ, Heiston EM, Cheema U. Early chronotype with metabolic syndrome favours resting and exercise fat oxidation in relation to insulin-stimulated non-oxidative glucose disposal. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1255-1264. [PMID: 36123314 PMCID: PMC9633545 DOI: 10.1113/ep090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Chronotype reflects differences in circadian-mediated metabolic and hormonal profiles. But, does resting and/or exercise fuel use differ in early versus late chronotype as it relates to insulin sensitivity? What are the main finding and its importance? Early chronotypes with metabolic syndrome utilized more fat during rest and exercise independent of aerobic fitness when compared with late chronotypes. Early chronotypes were also more physically active throughout the day. Greater fat use was related to non-oxidative glucose disposal. These findings suggest that early chronotypes have differences in fuel selection that associate with type 2 diabetes risk. ABSTRACT Early chronotypes (ECs) are often insulin-sensitive, in part, due to physical activity behaviour. It is unclear, however, if chronotypes differ in resting and/or exercise fuel oxidation in relation to insulin action. Using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) were classified as EC (MEQ = 63.7 ± 0.9, n = 24 (19F), 54.2 ± 1.2 years) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ = 47.2 ± 1.4, n = 27 (23F), 55.3 ± 1.5 years). Carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation (FOX, indirect calorimetry) were determined at rest, 55% and 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ , along with heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Physical activity patterns (accelerometers), body composition (DXA) and insulin sensitivity (clamp, 40 mU/m2 /min, 90 mg/dl) with an indirect calorimetry for non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD) were also determined. While demographics were similar, ECs had higher V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (P = 0.02), NOGD (P < 0.001) and resting FOX (P = 0.02) than LCs. Both groups increased CHO reliance during exercise at 55% and 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (test effect, P < 0.01) from rest, although ECs used more fat (group effect, P < 0.01). ECs had lower sedentary behaviour and more physical activity during morning/midday (both, P < 0.05). FOX at 55% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ correlated with V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (r = 0.425, P = 0.004) whereas FOX at 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ related to NOGD (r = 0.392, P = 0.022). ECs with metabolic syndrome used more fat in relation to insulin-stimulated NOGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Malin
- Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and NutritionRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,New Jersey Institute for FoodNutrition and HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,Institute of Translational Medicine and ScienceRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | | | | | - Emily M. Heiston
- University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
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Ciriello J, Moreau JM, Caverson MM, Moranis R. Leptin: A Potential Link Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 12:767318. [PMID: 35153807 PMCID: PMC8829507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a pathophysiological manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is strongly correlated with obesity, as patients with the disease experience weight gain while exhibiting elevated plasma levels of leptin. This study was done to determine whether a relationship may exist between CIH and obesity, and body energy balance and leptin signaling during CIH. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 96 days of CIH or normoxic control conditions, and were assessed for measures of body weight, food and water intake, and food conversion efficiency. At the completion of the study leptin sensitivity, locomotor activity, fat pad mass and plasma leptin levels were determined within each group. Additionally, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) was isolated and assessed for changes in the expression of proteins associated with leptin receptor signaling. CIH animals were found to have reduced locomotor activity and food conversion efficiency. Additionally, the CIH group had increased food and water intake over the study period and had a higher body weight compared to normoxic controls at the end of the study. Basal plasma concentrations of leptin were significantly elevated in CIH exposed animals. To test whether a resistance to leptin may have occurred in the CIH animals due to the elevated plasma levels of leptin, an acute exogenous (ip) leptin (0.04 mg/kg carrier-free recombinant rat leptin) injection was administered to the normoxic and CIH exposed animals. Leptin injections into the normoxic controls reduced their food intake, whereas CIH animals did not alter their food intake compared to vehicle injected CIH animals. Within ARC, CIH animals had reduced protein expression of the short form of the obese (leptin) receptor (isoform OBR100) and showed a trend toward an elevated protein expression of the long form of obese (leptin) receptor (OBRb). In addition, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein expression was reduced, but increased expression of the phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) and of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) proteins was observed in the CIH group, with little change in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Taken together, these data suggest that long-term exposure to CIH, as seen in obstructive sleep apnea, may contribute to a state of leptin resistance promoting an increase in body weight.
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Kirkham AA, Pituskin E, Mackey JR, Grenier JG, Ian Paterson D, Haykowsky MJ, Thompson RB. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e748-e754. [PMID: 35579489 PMCID: PMC9438914 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard B Thompson
- Corresponding author: Richard B Thompson, PhD, Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, 1098-8308 114 Street, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2V2. Tel: +1 780 492 8665; Fax: +1 780 492 8259;
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Li Y, Cui J, Liu Y, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Oral, Tongue-Coating Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Area of Interactive Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:730203. [PMID: 34490384 PMCID: PMC8417575 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.730203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between colonizing microbiota and the host have been fully confirmed, among which the tongue-coating microbiota have a moderate rate of renewal and disease sensitivity and are easily obtained, making them an ideal research subject. Oral microbiota disorders are related to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other systemic diseases. As an important part of the oral cavity, tongue-coating microbiota can promote gastritis and digestive system tumors, affecting the occurrence and development of multiple chronic diseases. Common risk factors include diet, age, and immune status, among others. Metabolic regulatory mechanisms may be similar between the tongue and gut microbiota. Tongue-coating microbiota can be transferred to the respiratory or digestive tract and create a new balance with local microorganisms, together with the host epithelial cells forming a biological barrier. This barrier is involved in the production and circulation of nitric oxide (NO) and the function of taste receptors, forming the oral-gut-brain axis (similar to the gut-brain axis). At present, the disease model and mechanism of tongue-coating microbiota affecting metabolism have not been widely studied, but they have tremendous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Assessment of aerobic exercise capacity in obesity, which expression of oxygen uptake is the best? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:138-147. [PMID: 35784518 PMCID: PMC9219259 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio in Obese and Non-obese Sedentary Indian Young Adults in Moderate- and Vigorous-intensity Exercise. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.27.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Chávez-Guevara IA, Hernández-Torres RP, Trejo-Trejo M, González-Rodríguez E, Moreno-Brito V, Wall-Medrano A, Pérez-León JA, Ramos-Jiménez A. Exercise Fat Oxidation Is Positively Associated with Body Fatness in Men with Obesity: Defying the Metabolic Flexibility Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136945. [PMID: 34209545 PMCID: PMC8297250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is thought to be associated with a reduced capacity to increase fat oxidation in response to physical exercise; however, scientific evidence supporting this paradigm remains scarce. This study aimed to determine the interrelationship of different submaximal exercise metabolic flexibility (Metflex) markers and define its association with body fatness on subjects with obesity. Twenty-one male subjects with obesity performed a graded-intensity exercise protocol (Test 1) during which cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and its corresponding exercise intensity (FATmax) were recorded. A week afterward, each subject performed a 60-min walk (treadmill) at FATmax (Test 2), and the resulting fat oxidation area under the curve (TFO) and maximum respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) were recorded. Blood lactate (LAb) levels was measured during both exercise protocols. Linear regression analysis was used to study the interrelationship of exercise Metflex markers. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate all possible linear relationships between Metflex and anthropometric measurement, controlling for CRF). The MFO explained 38% and 46% of RERpeak and TFO’s associated variance (p < 0.01) while TFO and RERpeak were inversely related (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.01). Body fatness positively correlated with MFO (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) and TFO (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) but inversely related with RERpeak (r = −0.67, p < 0.01). This study shows that MFO and RERpeak are valid indicators of TFO during steady-state exercise at FATmax. The fat oxidation capacity is directly associated with body fatness in males with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A. Chávez-Guevara
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (I.A.C.-G.); (A.W.-M.); (J.A.P.-L.)
| | - Rosa P. Hernández-Torres
- Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico;
| | - Marina Trejo-Trejo
- Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21289, Mexico;
| | - Everardo González-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.)
| | - Verónica Moreno-Brito
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.)
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (I.A.C.-G.); (A.W.-M.); (J.A.P.-L.)
| | - Jorge A. Pérez-León
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (I.A.C.-G.); (A.W.-M.); (J.A.P.-L.)
| | - Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Chemical Biological Sciences PhD Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico; (I.A.C.-G.); (A.W.-M.); (J.A.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-656-167-9309
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19
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Evaluation of Measured Resting Metabolic Rate for Dietary Prescription in Ageing Adults with Overweight and Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041229. [PMID: 33917778 PMCID: PMC8068182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to compare weight changes in two groups of ageing Irish adults with overweight and adiposity-based chronic disease: participants who had dietary energy requirements prescribed on the base of measured RMR and participants whose RMR was estimated by a prediction equation. Fifty-four Caucasian adults (male n = 25; female n = 29, age 57.5 ± 6.3 years, weight 90.3 ± 15.1 kg, height 171.5 ± 9.5 cm, BMI 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention with energy prescription based on either measured RMR or estimated RMR. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry after an overnight fast and predicted values were determined by the Mifflin et al. (1990) prediction equation. All participants received individual nutritional counselling, motivational interviewing and educational material. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profile were assessed over 12 weeks. Body weight at week 12 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for both groups following dietary interventions, mRMR: −4.2%; eRMR: −3.2% of initial body weight. There was no significant difference in weight loss between groups. Overall, 20.8% mRMR and 17.4% of eRMR participants experienced clinically meaningful (i.e., ≥5% of initial weight) weight reduction. Weight reduction in adults aged ≥50 years over the short term (12 weeks) favoured a reduction in blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose, thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. This research indicates that employing a reduced-calorie diet using indirect calorimetry to determine energy needs when improving weight outcomes in adults (>50 years) with overweight and adiposity-based chronic disease is equal to employing a reduced-calorie diet based on the Mifflin et al. (1990) prediction equation. A reduced-energy diet based on mRMR or eRMR facilitates clinically meaningful weight reduction in adults (≥50 years) over the short term (12 weeks) and favours a reduction in blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose, thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, the addition of motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques that support and encourage small behaviour changes is effective in short-term weight management.
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Bertile F, Habold C, Le Maho Y, Giroud S. Body Protein Sparing in Hibernators: A Source for Biomedical Innovation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634953. [PMID: 33679446 PMCID: PMC7930392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are not only the major structural components of living cells but also ensure essential physiological functions within the organism. Any change in protein abundance and/or structure is at risk for the proper body functioning and/or survival of organisms. Death following starvation is attributed to a loss of about half of total body proteins, and body protein loss induced by muscle disuse is responsible for major metabolic disorders in immobilized patients, and sedentary or elderly people. Basic knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control proteostasis is continuously growing. Yet, finding and developing efficient treatments to limit body/muscle protein loss in humans remain a medical challenge, physical exercise and nutritional programs managing to only partially compensate for it. This is notably a major challenge for the treatment of obesity, where therapies should promote fat loss while preserving body proteins. In this context, hibernating species preserve their lean body mass, including muscles, despite total physical inactivity and low energy consumption during torpor, a state of drastic reduction in metabolic rate associated with a more or less pronounced hypothermia. The present review introduces metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, e.g., energetics, body temperature, and nutrition, of the torpor or hibernation phenotype from small to large mammals. Hibernating strategies could be linked to allometry aspects, the need for periodic rewarming from torpor, and/or the ability of animals to fast for more or less time, thus determining the capacity of individuals to save proteins. Both fat- and food-storing hibernators rely mostly on their body fat reserves during the torpid state, while minimizing body protein utilization. A number of them may also replenish lost proteins during arousals by consuming food. The review takes stock of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that promote body protein and muscle sparing during the inactive state of hibernation. Finally, the review outlines how the detailed understanding of these mechanisms at play in various hibernators is expected to provide innovative solutions to fight human muscle atrophy, to better help the management of obese patients, or to improve the ex vivo preservation of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bertile
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Habold
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Chen W, Zhang M, Guo Y, Wang Z, Liu Q, Yan R, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yuan K, Sun W. The Profile and Function of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4283-4296. [PMID: 34703261 PMCID: PMC8541750 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s320169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the homeostasis of immune and metabolic systems. Although previous studies have revealed the correlation between gut microbiota and various diseases, the function between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been discovered distinctly. In this study, we tried to investigate the profile and function of gut microbiota in DN. METHODS A total of 100 people were enrolled in this study. Twenty were healthy people, 20 were diabetes patients, and 60 were DN patients. The DN patients were divided into three stages including stage III, IV, and V. We conducted taxonomic analyses in different groups. The distributions of phyla, classes, orders, families, and genera in different groups and samples were investigated. We also evaluated the correlations between clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 60 DN patients. RESULTS The gut microbiota in the healthy group, diabetes group, and DN group had 1764 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. The healthy group had 1034 OTUs, the diabetes group had 899 OTUs, and the DN group had 1602 OTUs. The diversity of gut microbiota in the stage III DN group was smaller than that in the other groups. 24-h urinary protein was positively correlated with Alistipes and Subdoligranulum, cholesterol was positively correlated with Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated with Ruminococcus torques group. DISCUSSION The gut microbiota might play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of DN. A change in gut microbiota diversity is correlated with disease progression. Some kinds of gut microbiota including Alistipes, Bacteroides, Subdoligranulum, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus torques group might be detrimental factors in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runze Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoru Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kai Yuan; Weiwei Sun Email ;
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Jeong YJ, Hwang MJ, Hong CO, Yoo DS, Kim JS, Kim DY, Lee KW. Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of black ginseng extract containing increased Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1 content in muscle and liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1101-1112. [PMID: 32670664 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black ginseng (BG), which is produced by repeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, has various pharmacological and therapeutic properties. This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of BG ethanolic extract in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were decreased in the groups fed BG extract (BG) (100 and 900 mg/kg BW/day), compared to the control group (CON). In the BG compared with the CON, hepatic steatosis in the liver and the size of adipocytes in muscle tissue were improved. The administration of BG regulated the glucose transporter type (GLUT) 4 and 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ in muscle and liver. Moreover, ginsenosides (Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1), which profiled by HPLC, regulated the markers for lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism; PPARs and GLUTs in muscle and C2C12 rather than liver cells and tissue. These findings suggested that ginsenosides (Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1) from BG extract can ameliorate type 2 diabetes through their anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Moon-Jung Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Chung-Oui Hong
- Herbal Crop Research Division, RDA, Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk 27709 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seok Yoo
- International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, 25 Insamgwangjang-ro, Geumsan-eup, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam 32724 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Kim
- International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, 25 Insamgwangjang-ro, Geumsan-eup, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam 32724 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, 25 Insamgwangjang-ro, Geumsan-eup, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam 32724 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
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23
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Huang H, Aminian A, Hassan M, Dan O, Axelrod CL, Schauer PR, Brethauer SA, Kirwan JP. Gastric Bypass Surgery Improves the Skeletal Muscle Ceramide/S1P Ratio and Upregulates the AMPK/ SIRT1/ PGC-1α Pathway in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2158-2165. [PMID: 30809769 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with remission of type 2 diabetes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that RYGB would increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMPK/pAMPK, and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and decrease insulin resistance and these changes would be mediated by sphingolipids, including ceramides and the sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ZDF rats were randomized to RYGB (n = 7) or sham surgery (n = 7) and harvested after 28 days. Total tissue ceramide, ceramide subspecies (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C20:0, C24:0, and C24:1), and S1P were quantified in the white gastrocnemius muscle using LC-ESI-MS/MS after separation with HPLC. Total SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1α, and CS protein expression were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Body weight, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly after RYGB compared with sham control. These changes were paralleled by lower total ceramide (483.7 ± 32.3 vs. 280.1 ± 38.8 nmol/g wwt), C18:0 ceramide subspecies (P < 0.05), higher S1P (0.83 ± 0.05 vs. 1.54 ± 0.21 nmol/g wwt, P < 0.05), and a lower ceramide/S1P ratio (P < 0.05) in the RYGB versus sham group. AMPK, pAMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and CS protein expression was also higher after RYGB (P < 0.05). The ceramide/S1P ratio correlated with weight loss (r = 0.48, P = 0.08), insulin resistance (r = 0.61, P = 0.02), PGC-1α (r = - 0.51, P < 0.06), CS (r = - 0.63, P = 0.01), and SIRT1 (r = - 0.54, P < 0.04). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that sphingolipid balance, and increased AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and CS protein expression are part of the mechanism that contributes to the remission of diabetes after RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Huang
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ali Aminian
- Cleveland Clinic, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Monique Hassan
- Cleveland Clinic, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olivia Dan
- Cleveland Clinic, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, L-4030, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Philip R Schauer
- Cleveland Clinic, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stacy A Brethauer
- Cleveland Clinic, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, L-4030, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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24
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Gurung M, Li Z, You H, Rodrigues R, Jump DB, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N. Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102590. [PMID: 31901868 PMCID: PMC6948163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of literature has provided evidence for the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, reports vary regarding the association of particular taxonomic groups with disease. In this systematic review, we focused on the potential role of different bacterial taxa affecting diabetes. We have summarized evidence from 42 human studies reporting microbial associations with disease, and have identified supporting preclinical studies or clinical trials using treatments with probiotics. Among the commonly reported findings, the genera of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Roseburia were negatively associated with T2D, while the genera of Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, and Blautia were positively associated with T2D. We also discussed potential molecular mechanisms of microbiota effects in the onset and progression of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hannah You
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Colleges of Public Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although adipose tissue allows storage of excess calories in periods of overnutrition, in obesity, adipose tissue metabolism becomes dysregulated and can promote metabolic diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understandings how adipocyte metabolism impacts metabolic homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of adipocytes to synthesize lipids from glucose is a marker of metabolic fitness, e.g., low de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in adipocytes correlates with insulin resistance in obesity. Adipocyte DNL may promote synthesis of special "insulin sensitizing" signaling lipids that act hormonally. However, each metabolic intermediate in the DNL pathway (i.e., citrate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitate) also has second messenger functions. Mounting evidence suggests these signaling functions may also be important for maintaining healthy adipocytes. While adipocyte DNL contributes to lipid storage, lipid precursors may have additional second messenger functions critical for maintaining adipocyte health, and thus systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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26
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Morris EM, Meers GME, Ruegsegger GN, Wankhade UD, Robinson T, Koch LG, Britton SL, Rector RS, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Intrinsic High Aerobic Capacity in Male Rats Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1179-1192. [PMID: 31144719 PMCID: PMC6482035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Low aerobic capacity increases the risk for insulin resistance but the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we tested susceptibility to acute (3-day) high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in male rats selectively bred for divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity, that is, high-capacity running (HCR) and low-capacity running (LCR) rats. We employed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, tracers, and transcriptome sequencing of skeletal muscle to test whether divergence in aerobic capacity impacted insulin resistance through systemic and tissue-specific metabolic adaptations. An HFD evoked decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in muscle and liver in LCR rats, whereas HCR rats were protected. An HFD led to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle (twofold) of HCR rats while increasing glucose transport into adipose depots of the LCR rats (twofold). Skeletal muscle transcriptome revealed robust differences in the gene profile of HCR vs LCR on low-fat diet and HFD conditions, including robust differences in specific genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and differentiation. HCR transcriptional adaptations to an acute HFD were more robust than for LCR and included genes driving mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, intrinsic aerobic capacity robustly impacts systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to HFD-induced alterations in insulin resistance, an effect that is likely driven by baseline differences in oxidative capacity, gene expression profile, and transcriptional adaptations to an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matthew Morris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Grace M E Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tommy Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven L Britton
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
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27
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Low Citrate Synthase Activity Is Associated with Glucose Intolerance and Lipotoxicity. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:8594825. [PMID: 30944739 PMCID: PMC6421790 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8594825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS) is a key mitochondrial enzyme. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that low CS activity impairs the metabolic health of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and promotes palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in muscle cells. C57BL/6J (B6) mice and congenic B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/KjnB6 (B6.A), a strain which carries the A/J allele of CS on the B6 strain background, were fed HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 12 weeks. C2C12 mouse muscle cells were used to investigate effects of CS knockdown on cell viability and signalling after incubation in 0.8 mM palmitate. CS activity, but not that of β-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme-A dehydrogenase was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle and heart of B6.A mice compared to B6 mice (P < 0.001). During HFD feeding, glucose tolerance of mice decreased progressively and to a greater extent in B6.A females compared to B6 females, with males showing a similar trend. Body weight and fat gain did not differ between B6.A and B6 mice. After an 18 h incubation in 0.8 mM palmitate C2C12 muscle cells with ∼50% shRNA mediated reduction in CS activity showed lower (P < 0.001) viability and increased (P < 0.001) levels of cleaved caspase-3 compared to the scramble shRNA treated C2C12 cells. A/J strain variant of CS is associated with low enzyme activity and impaired metabolic health. This could be due to impaired lipid metabolism in muscle cells.
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Rajna A, Gibling H, Sarr O, Matravadia S, Holloway GP, Mutch DM. Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid differentially regulate the skeletal muscle secretome of obese Zucker rats. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:580-589. [PMID: 29727591 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00038.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that proteins secreted from skeletal muscle influence a broad range of metabolic signaling pathways. We previously reported that essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) improved whole-body glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats; however, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain enigmatic. While PUFA and obesity influence skeletal muscle function, their effects on the secretome are unknown. The aim of this work was to determine if improvements in whole-body glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats fed diets supplemented with either linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) for 12 wk are related to changes in the skeletal muscle secretome. Secreted proteins were identified with a predictive bioinformatic analysis of microarray gene expression from red tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Approximately 130 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate = 0.05) in obese rats compared with lean controls. The expression of 15 genes encoding secreted proteins was differentially regulated in obese controls, obese LA-supplemented, and obese ALA-supplemented rats compared with lean controls. Five secreted proteins ( Col3a1, Col15a1, Pdgfd, Lyz2, and Angptl4) were differentially regulated by LA and ALA. Most notably, ALA supplementation reduced Angptl4 gene expression compared with obese control and obese-LA supplemented rats and reduced circulating ANGPTL4 serum concentrations. ALA also influenced Angptl4 gene expression and ANGPTL4 secretion from differentiated rat L6 myotubes. Altogether, the present data indicate that obesity has a greater global impact on skeletal muscle gene expression than either essential PUFA; however, LA and ALA may exert their metabolic benefits in part by regulating the skeletal muscle secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rajna
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Heather Gibling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Sarthak Matravadia
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
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The Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Skeletal Muscle. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE 2018; 108:205-221. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Despite several decades of focused investigation, sepsis remains a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Advancements in intensive care have enabled more patients to survive the acute phase of sepsis than previously, but a growing number of them progress to chronic critical illness. The failure of previous randomized clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents to show any pro-survival benefit in septic patients underscores current thought that simple anti-inflammatory strategies are ineffective because the inhibitory effect of anti-inflammatory agents undermines the immune response to pathogens. New strategies with the dual capability of ameliorating inflammation in organs while stimulating antimicrobial activity are eagerly awaited. On the other hand, the metabolic alterations associated with systemic inflammatory response, including mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic shift, are closely linked through a nexus of signaling pathways and signaling molecules. Preventing these metabolic derangements may be an alternative way to control excessive inflammation, an intriguing possibility that has not been fully explored. New insight into the molecular pathogenesis of sepsis and sepsis-associated chronic critical illness has led to the recognition of septic cachexia, a life-threatening form of metabolic inflammatory complex associated with multiple organ dysfunction. The potential for septic cachexia to serve as a novel target disease state to improve the clinical outcome of septic patients is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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31
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Gabriel BM, Al-Tarrah M, Alhindi Y, Kilikevicius A, Venckunas T, Gray SR, Lionikas A, Ratkevicius A. H55N polymorphism is associated with low citrate synthase activity which regulates lipid metabolism in mouse muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185789. [PMID: 29095821 PMCID: PMC5667803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The H55N polymorphism in the Cs gene of A/J mice has been linked to low activity of the enzyme in skeletal muscles. The aim of the study was to test this hypothesis and examine effects of low citrate synthase (CS) activity on palmitate metabolism in muscle cells. Results of the study showed that carriers of the wild type (WT) Cs (C57BL/6J and Balb/cByJ mouse strains) had higher CS activity (p < 0.01) than carriers of the A/J variant (B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/KjnB6 and A/J mouse strains) in the heart, liver and gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the recombinant CS protein of WT showed higher CS activity than the A/J variant. In C2C12 muscle cells the shRNA mediated 47% knockdown of CS activity reduced the rate of fatty acid oxidation compared to the control cells. In summary, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that H55N substitution causes a reduction in CS activity. Furthermore, low CS activity interferes with metabolic flexibility of muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M. Gabriel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mustafa Al-Tarrah
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yosra Alhindi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Audrius Kilikevicius
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
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Mohamed AA, Sabry S, Abdallah AM, Elazeem NAA, Refaey D, Algebaly HAF, Fath GAE, Omar H. Circulating adipokines in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: possible noninvasive diagnostic markers. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:457-463. [PMID: 28655985 PMCID: PMC5480001 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing obesity pandemic is the leading cause for increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. Histopathological evaluation of the liver remains the gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis, but it is an invasive procedure with a low but real risk of morbidity and mortality. The current study evaluated circulating chemerin and adiponectin as possible noninvasive diagnostic markers for NAFLD in obese non-diabetic children. METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted, which included 101 obese children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 57 age- and sex-matched controls. The overall mean age of the children was 10.08±3.12 years. All underwent a full clinical assessment, routine laboratory investigation, and abdominal ultrasound. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was calculated and circulating chemerin and adiponectin were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS Elevated serum chemerin and decreased serum adiponectin were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting NAFLD. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for differentiation of NAFLD patients from those in the control group demonstrated that chemerin, at a cutoff value of 186.7 ng/mL, yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 56.44% and 87.72% respectively (P<0.001), whereas adiponectin, at a cutoff value of 2.4 µg/mL, had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.26% and 3.51% respectively (P<0.001). Furthermore, body mass index, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyl transferase had significant positive correlations with chemerin and significant negative correlations with adiponectin (P≤0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating chemerin and adiponectin could serve as simple noninvasive diagnostic markers for NAFLD in non-diabetic obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Institute, Egypt (Amal Ahmed Mohmmed)
| | - Said Sabry
- Clinical Pathology, Damanhur National Medical Institute, Egypt (Said Sabry)
| | - Asmaa Mahmoud Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Asmaa Mahmoud Abdallah)
| | - Naglaa Adly Abd Elazeem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University (Naglaa Adly Abd Elazeem)
| | - Doaa Refaey
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt (Doaa Refaey)
| | | | - Gamal Abo El Fath
- Pediatric Department, Genetic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (Gamal Abo El Fath)
| | - Heba Omar
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Heba Omar), Egypt
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Fucho R, Casals N, Serra D, Herrero L. Ceramides and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity. FASEB J 2016; 31:1263-1272. [PMID: 28003342 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601156r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic, complex disease that is characterized by increased glucose, lipids, and low-grade inflammation in the circulation, among other factors. It creates the perfect scenario for the production of ceramide, the building block of the sphingolipid family of lipids, which is involved in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, obesity causes a decrease in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which contributes to lipid accumulation within the cells, conferring more susceptibility to cell dysfunction. C16:0 ceramide, a specific ceramide species, has been identified recently as the principal mediator of obesity-derived insulin resistance, impaired fatty acid oxidation, and hepatic steatosis. In this review, we have sought to cover the importance of the ceramide species and their metabolism, the main ceramide signaling pathways in obesity, and the link between C16:0 ceramide, FAO, and obesity.-Fucho, R., Casals, N., Serra, D., Herrero, L. Ceramides and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fucho
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chondronikola M, Asghar R, Zhang X, Dillon EL, Durham WJ, Wu Z, Porter C, Camacho-Hughes M, Zhao Y, Brasier AR, Volpi E, Sheffield-Moore M, Abate N, Sidossis L, Tuvdendorj D. Palmitoyl-carnitine production by blood cells associates with the concentration of circulating acyl-carnitines in healthy overweight women. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1310-1319. [PMID: 27624997 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating acyl-carnitines (acyl-CNTs) are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both rodents and humans. However, the mechanisms whereby circulating acyl-CNTs are increased in these conditions and their role in whole-body metabolism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if, in humans, blood cells contribute in production of circulating acyl-CNTs and associate with whole-body fat metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight non-diabetic healthy women (age: 47 ± 19 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg·m-2) underwent stable isotope tracer infusion and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study to determine in vivo whole-body fatty acid flux and insulin sensitivity. Blood samples collected at baseline (0 min) and after 3 h of clamp were used to determine the synthesis rate of palmitoyl-carnitine (palmitoyl-CNT) in vitro. The fractional synthesis rate of palmitoyl-CNT was significantly higher during hyperinsulinemia (0.788 ± 0.084 vs. 0.318 ± 0.012%·hr-1, p = 0.001); however, the absolute synthesis rate (ASR) did not differ between the periods (p = 0.809) due to ∼30% decrease in blood palmitoyl-CNT concentration (p = 0.189) during hyperinsulinemia. The ASR of palmitoyl-CNT significantly correlated with the concentration of acyl-CNTs in basal (r = 0.992, p < 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.919, p = 0.001) periods; and the basal ASR significantly correlated with plasma palmitate oxidation (r = 0.764, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In women, blood cells contribute to plasma acyl-CNT levels and the acyl-CNT production is linked to plasma palmitate oxidation, a marker of whole-body fat metabolism. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of blood cells in acyl-CNT and lipid metabolism under different physiological (i.e., in response to meal) and pathological (i.e., hyperlipidemia, IR and T2D) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rabia Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Edgar L Dillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - William J Durham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhanpin Wu
- Zoex Corporation, Houston, TX 77034, USA
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria Camacho-Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Labros Sidossis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Demidmaa Tuvdendorj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Morris EM, Meers GM, Koch LG, Britton SL, MacLean PS, Thyfault JP. Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1929-37. [PMID: 27465260 PMCID: PMC5572206 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerobic capacity is the most powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in humans; however, its role in the development of obesity and susceptibility for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain is not completely understood. METHODS Herein, a rodent model system of divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity [high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR)] was utilized to evaluate the role of aerobic fitness on 1-week HFD-induced (45% and 60% kcal) weight gain. Food/energy intake, body composition analysis, and brown adipose tissue gene expression were assessed as important potential factors involved in modulating HFD-induced weight gain. RESULTS HCR rats had reduced 1-week weight gain on both HFDs compared with LCR. Reduced HFD-induced weight gain was associated with greater adaptability to decrease food intake following initiation of the HFDs. Further, the HCR rats were observed to have reduced feeding efficiency and greater brown adipose mass and expression of genes involved in thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Rats with high intrinsic aerobic capacity have reduced susceptibility to 1-week HFD-induced weight gain, which is associated with greater food intake adaptability to control intake of energy-dense HFDs, reduced weight gain per kcal consumed, and greater brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Matthew Morris
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Grace M.E. Meers
- Dept. of Medicine – Nutrition & Exercise Physiology Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Kansas City VA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Dept. of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Dept. of Medical Center-Research Service, Kansas City, Missouri
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Grabiec K, Majewska A, Wicik Z, Milewska M, Błaszczyk M, Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K. The effect of palmitate supplementation on gene expression profile in proliferating myoblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:185-98. [PMID: 27114085 PMCID: PMC4882353 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet, exposure to saturated fatty acids, or the presence of adipocytes in myoblast microenvironment affects skeletal muscle growth and function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of palmitate supplementation on transcriptomic profile of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Global gene expression was evaluated using whole mouse genome oligonucleotide microarrays, and the results were validated through qPCR. A total of 4047 genes were identified as differentially expressed, including 3492 downregulated and 555 upregulated genes, during a 48-h exposure to palmitate (0.1 mmol/l). Functional classification showed the involvement of these genes in several processes which regulate cell growth. In conclusion, the addition of palmitate modifies the expression of genes associated with (1) myoblast responsiveness to hormones and growth factors, (2) cytokine and growth factor expression, and (3) regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. Such alterations can affect myoblast growth and differentiation; however, further studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grabiec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Wicik
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Milewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Shabrova E, Hoyos B, Vinogradov V, Kim YK, Wassef L, Leitges M, Quadro L, Hammerling U. Retinol as a cofactor for PKCδ-mediated impairment of insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2015; 30:1339-55. [PMID: 26671999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-281543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously defined that the mitochondria-localized PKCδ signaling complex stimulates the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. We demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo that retinol supplementation enhances ATP synthesis in the presence of the PKCδ signalosome. Here, we tested in vivo if a persistent oversupply of retinol would further impair glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced insulin resistance. We crossed mice overexpressing human retinol-binding protein (hRBP) under the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter (MCKhRBP) with the PKCδ(-/-) strain to generate mice with a different status of the PKCδ signalosome and retinoid levels. Mice with a functional PKCδ signalosome and elevated retinoid levels (PKCδ(+/+)hRBP) developed the most advanced stage of insulin resistance. In contrast, elevation of retinoid levels in mice with inactive PKCδ did not affect remarkably their metabolism, resulting in phenotypic similarity between PKCδ(-/-)hRBP and PKCδ(-/-) mice. Therefore, in addition to the well-defined role of PKCδ in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, we present a novel PKCδ signaling pathway that requires retinol as a metabolic cofactor and is involved in the regulation of fuel utilization in mitochondria. The distinct role in whole-body energy homeostasis establishes the PKCδ signalosome as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shabrova
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beatrice Hoyos
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valerie Vinogradov
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Youn-Kyung Kim
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lesley Wassef
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Leitges
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Loredana Quadro
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrich Hammerling
- *Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Biotechnology Center of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Besnier F, Lenclume V, Gérardin P, Fianu A, Martinez J, Naty N, Porcherat S, Boussaid K, Schneebeli S, Jarlet E, Hatia S, Dalleau G, Verkindt C, Brun JF, Gonthier MP, Favier F. Individualized Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Combined with Fruit and Vegetable-Rich Diet in Overweight or Obese Women: The LIPOXmax-Réunion Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139246. [PMID: 26555595 PMCID: PMC4640859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lifestyle combined interventions are a key strategy for preventing type-2 diabetes (T2DM) in overweight or obese subjects. In this framework, LIPOXmax individualized training, based on maximal fat oxidation [MFO], may be a promising intervention to promote fat mass (FM) reduction and prevent T2DM. Our primary objective was to compare three training programs of physical activity combined with a fruit- and vegetable-rich diet in reducing FM in overweight or obese women. DESIGN AND SETTING A five months non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three parallel groups in La Réunion Island, a region where metabolic diseases are highly prevalent. SUBJECTS One hundred and thirty-six non-diabetic obese (body mass index [BMI]: 27-40 kg/m2) young women (aged 20-40) were randomized (G1: MFO intensity; G2: 60% of VO2-peak intensity; G3: free moderate-intensity at-home exercise following good physical practices). OUTCOMES Anthropometry (BMI, bodyweight, FM, fat-free mass), glucose (fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipid (cholesterol and triglycerides) profiles, and MFO values were measured at month-0, month-3 and month-5. RESULTS At month-5, among 109 women assessed on body composition, the three groups exhibited a significant FM reduction over time (G1: -4.1±0.54 kg; G2: -4.7±0.53 kg; G3: -3.5±0.78 kg, p<0.001, respectively) without inter-group differences (p = 0.135). All groups exhibited significant reductions in insulin levels or HOMA-IR index, and higher MFO values over time (p<0.001, respectively) but glucose control improvement was higher in G1 than in G3 while MFO values were higher in G1 than in G2 and G3. Changes in other outcome measures and inter-group differences were not significant. CONCLUSION In our RCT the LIPOXmax intervention did not show a superiority in reducing FM in overweight or obese women but is associated with higher MFO and better glucose control improvements. Other studies are required before proposing LIPOXmax training for the prevention of T2DM in overweight or obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClincialTrials.gov NCT01464073.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadège Naty
- INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Schneebeli
- Unit of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion
| | - Eric Jarlet
- Unit of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion
| | - Sarah Hatia
- UMR DETROI, INSERM U1188, University of La Reunion, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Georges Dalleau
- Intercultural Determinants of Motricity and Sports Performance Research Group (DIMPS), University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, La Réunion
| | - Chantal Verkindt
- Intercultural Determinants of Motricity and Sports Performance Research Group (DIMPS), University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, La Réunion
| | - Jean-Frédéric Brun
- Department of Clinical Physiology (CERAMM, U1046 INSERM), University Hospital of Montpellier, France, UMR9214 CNRS, « physiology and experimental medicine: heart–muscles », University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lean and obese dietary phenotypes: differences in energy and substrate metabolism and appetite. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1724-33. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to characterise lean and obese phenotypes according to diet and body composition, and to compare fasting and postprandial appetite and metabolic profiles following a high-fat test meal. A total of ten lean (BMI<25 kg/m2) high-fat (LHF), ten lean low-fat (LLF; >40 and <30 % energy from fat) and ten obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) high-fat consumers (OHF; >40 % energy from fat) were recruited. Before and following the test meal (4727 kJ (1130 kcal), 77 % fat, 20 % carbohydrate (CHO) and 3 % protein), fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), RER, RMR and subjective appetite ratings (AR) were measured for 6 h. Thereafter, subjects consumed a self-selected portion of a standardised post-test meal (40 % fat, 45 % CHO and 15 % protein) and reported AR. Fasting (P=0·01) and postprandial (P<0·001) fat oxidation was significantly higher in LHF than in LLF but was not different between LHF and OHF. Although similar between the lean groups, fasting and postprandial energy expenditures were significantly higher in OHF compared with LHF (P<0·01). Despite similar AR across groups, LLF consumed a relatively greater quantity of the post-test meal than did LHF (7·87 (sd 2·96) v. 7·23 (sd 2·67) g/kg, P=0·013). The lean groups showed appropriate changes in plasma ghrelin and PYY following the test meal, whereas the OHF group showed a blunted response. In conclusion, the LHF phenotype had a greater capacity for fat oxidation, which may be protective against weight gain. OHF individuals had a blunted appetite hormone response to the high-fat test meal, which may subsequently increase energy intake, driving further weight gain.
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Grabiec K, Milewska M, Błaszczyk M, Gajewska M, Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K. Palmitate exerts opposite effects on proliferation and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1044-52. [PMID: 25857830 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression/arrest and differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts exposed to long-chain saturated fatty acid salt, palmitate. Treatment of proliferating myoblasts with palmitate (0.1 mmol/l) markedly decreased myoblast number. Cyclin A and cyclin D1 levels decreased, whereas total p21 and p21 complexed with cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (cdk4) increased in myoblasts treated with palmitate. In cells induced to differentiation addition of palmitate augmented the level of cyclin D3, the early (myogenin) and late (α-actinin, myosin heavy chain) markers of myogenesis, and caused an increase of myotube diameter. In conclusion, exposure to palmitate inhibits proliferation of myoblasts through a decrease in cyclin A and cyclin D1 levels and an increase of p21-cdk4 complex formation; however, it promotes cell cycle exit, myogenic differentiation and myotube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Grabiec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Milewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Malandrino MI, Fucho R, Weber M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Mir JF, Valcarcel L, Escoté X, Gómez-Serrano M, Peral B, Salvadó L, Fernández-Veledo S, Casals N, Vázquez-Carrera M, Villarroya F, Vendrell JJ, Serra D, Herrero L. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes and macrophages reduces lipid-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E756-69. [PMID: 25714670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00362.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipid overload in obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here, we report that the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial FAO, is higher in human adipose tissue macrophages than in adipocytes and that it is differentially expressed in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue in both an obese and a type 2 diabetes cohort. These observations led us to further investigate the potential role of CPT1A in adipocytes and macrophages. We expressed CPT1AM, a permanently active mutant form of CPT1A, in 3T3-L1 CARΔ1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages through adenoviral infection. Enhanced FAO in palmitate-incubated adipocytes and macrophages reduced triglyceride content and inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress and ROS damage in macrophages. We conclude that increasing FAO in adipocytes and macrophages improves palmitate-induced derangements. This indicates that enhancing FAO in metabolically relevant cells such as adipocytes and macrophages may be a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Malandrino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fucho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minéia Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Valcarcel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Peral
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Salvadó
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan J Vendrell
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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Gavarry O, Aguer C, Delextrat A, Lentin G, Ayme K, Boussuges A. Severely obese adolescent girls rely earlier on carbohydrates during walking than normal-weight matched girls. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:1871-80. [PMID: 25760694 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1021274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the substrate oxidation rate and the exercise intensity at which maximal lipid oxidation and ventilatory threshold (VT) occur in obese (BMI: 36.6 ± 6.3 kg · m(-2)) and normal-weight adolescent girls (BMI: 18.7 ± 1.6 kg · m(-2)) aged 14-18 years. Substrate oxidation rate was determined by gas exchange using an incremental field test involving walking. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Carbohydrate oxidation rates were significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight girls at speeds ranging from 4 to 6 km · h(-1) (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between groups regarding lipid oxidation rates. The crossover point of substrate utilisation and the VT were significantly lower in obese than in normal-weight adolescents (P < 0.05). Maximal lipid oxidation rate was observed at 46 ± 15 and 53 ± 15 %EVO2max in obese and normal-weight adolescents, respectively. At these intensities, the Lipox(max) was significantly lower in obese than in normal-weight girls (6.7 ± 2.3 versus 8.9 ± 3.5 mg · min(-1) · kg(-1) FFM, P < 0.05, 95% CI: -3.7 to -0.7, d = -0.74). The present results have implications in designing interventions to promote lipid oxidation and energy expenditure during walking in severely obese adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gavarry
- a Laboratoire HANDIBIO EA 4322 , Université de Toulon , France
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Felicidade I, Marcarini JC, Carreira CM, Amarante MK, Afman LA, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR. Changes in gene expression in PBMCs profiles of PPARα target genes in obese and non-obese individuals during fasting. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 66:19-25. [PMID: 25500634 DOI: 10.1159/000367668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically and the World Health Organization estimates that 700 million people will be obese worldwide by 2015. Approximately, 50% of the Brazilian population above 20 years of age is overweight, and 16% is obese. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the expression of PPARα target genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and free fatty acids (FFA) in obese and non-obese individuals after 24 h of fasting. We first presented evidence that Brazilian people exhibit expression changes in PPARα target genes in PBMCs under fasting conditions. METHODS Q-PCR was utilized to assess the mRNA expression levels of target genes. RESULTS In both groups, the FFA concentrations increased significantly after 24 h of fasting. The basal FFA mean concentration was two-fold higher in the obese group compared with the non-obese group. After fasting, all genes evaluated in this study showed increased expression levels compared with basal expression in both groups. CONCLUSION However, our results reveal no differences in gene expression between the obese and non-obese, more studies are necessary to precisely delineate the associated mechanisms, particularly those that include groups with different degrees of obesity and patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 because the expression of the main genes that are involved in β-oxidation and glucose level maintenance are affected by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Felicidade
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Brunani A, Malatesta D. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88707. [PMID: 24523934 PMCID: PMC3921204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during exercise in lean (L) and obese (O) men. Sixteen L and 16 O men [Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.9 ± 0.3 and 39.0 ± 1.4 kg · m(-2)] performed a submaximal incremental test (Incr) on a cycle-ergometer. Fat oxidation rates (FORs) were determined using indirect calorimetry. A sinusoidal model, including 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry, translation), was used to describe fat oxidation kinetics and determine the intensity (Fat(max)) eliciting maximal fat oxidation. Blood samples were drawn for the hormonal and plasma metabolite determination at each step of Incr. FORs (mg · FFM(-1) · min(-1)) were significantly higher from 20 to 30% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in O than in L and from 65 to 85% VO2peak in L than in O (p ≤ 0.05). FORs were similar in O and in L from 35 to 60% VO2peak. Fat max was 17% significantly lower in O than in L (p<0.01). Fat oxidation kinetics were characterized by similar translation, significantly lower dilatation and left-shift symmetry in O compared with L (p<0.05). During whole exercise, a blunted lipolysis was found in O [lower glycerol/fat mass (FM) in O than in L (p ≤ 0.001)], likely associated with higher insulin concentrations in O than in L (p<0.01). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly higher in O compared with L (p<0.05). Despite the blunted lipolysis, O presented higher NEFA availability, likely due to larger amounts of FM. Therefore, a lower Fat(max), a left-shifted and less dilated curve and a lower reliance on fat oxidation at high exercise intensities suggest that the difference in the fat oxidation kinetics is likely linked to impaired muscular capacity to oxidize NEFA in O. These results may have important implications for the appropriate exercise intensity prescription in training programs designed to optimize fat oxidation in O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Codecasa
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Mauro Cornacchia
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Molecolar biology laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alberto Salvadori
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Medicine rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Feng YZ, Nikolić N, Bakke SS, Boekschoten MV, Kersten S, Kase ET, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. PPARδ activation in human myotubes increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity and reduces glucose utilization by a switch in substrate preference. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:12-21. [PMID: 23991827 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.829105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation on global gene expression and mitochondrial fuel utilization were investigated in human myotubes. Only 21 genes were up-regulated and 3 genes were down-regulated after activation by the PPARδ agonist GW501516. Pathway analysis showed up-regulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle and cholesterol biosynthesis. GW501516 increased oleic acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative capacity by 2-fold. Glucose uptake and oxidation were reduced, but total substrate oxidation was not affected, indicating a fuel switch from glucose to fatty acid. Cholesterol biosynthesis was increased, but lipid biosynthesis and mitochondrial content were not affected. This study confirmed that the principal effect of PPARδ activation was to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity. Our results further suggest that PPARδ activation reduced glucose utilization through a switch in mitochondrial substrate preference by up-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 and genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Z Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Li Y, Periwal V. Synergy in free radical generation is blunted by high-fat diet induced alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Biophys J 2013; 104:1127-41. [PMID: 23473496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their role in cellular energetics and metabolism, skeletal muscle mitochondria appear to play a key role in the development of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. High-fat diet can induce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), evidenced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission from mitochondria, which may be causal for insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. Recent published data on single substrate (pyruvate, succinate, fat) metabolism in both normal diet (CON) and high-fat diet (HFD) states of skeletal muscle allowed us to develop an integrated mathematical model of skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Model simulations suggested that long-term HFD may affect specific metabolic reaction/pathways by altering enzyme activities. Our model allows us to predict oxygen consumption and ROS generation for any combination of substrates. In particular, we predict a synergy between (iso-membrane potential) combinations of pyruvate and fat in ROS production compared to the sum of ROS production with each substrate singly in both CON and HFD states. This synergy is blunted in the HFD state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Roles of Fatty Acid oversupply and impaired oxidation in lipid accumulation in tissues of obese rats. J Lipids 2013; 2013:420754. [PMID: 23762564 PMCID: PMC3666279 DOI: 10.1155/2013/420754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the roles of lipid oversupply versus oxidation in causing tissue lipid accumulation associated with insulin resistance/obesity, we studied in vivo fatty acid (FA) metabolism in obese (Obese) and lean (Lean) Zucker rats. Indices of local FA utilization and storage were calculated using the partially metabolizable [9,10-3H]-(R)-2-bromopalmitate (3H-R-BrP) and [U-14C]-palmitate (14C-P) FA tracers, respectively. Whole-body FA appearance (Ra) was estimated from plasma 14C-P kinetics. Whole-body FA oxidation rate (Rox) was assessed using 3H2O production from 3H-palmitate infusion, and tissue FA oxidative capacity was evaluated ex vivo. In the basal fasting state Obese had markedly elevated FA levels and Ra, associated with elevated FA utilization and storage in most tissues. Estimated rates of muscle FA oxidation were not lower in obese rats and were similarly enhanced by contraction in both lean and obese groups. At comparable levels of FA availability, achieved by nicotinic acid, Rox was lower in Obese than Lean. In Obese rats, FA oxidative capacity was 35% higher than that in Lean in skeletal muscle, 67% lower in brown fat and comparable in other organs. In conclusion, lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues of obese Zucker rats appears to result largely from systemic FA oversupply.
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Malin SK, Viskochil R, Oliver C, Braun B. Mild fasting hyperglycemia shifts fuel reliance toward fat during exercise in adults with impaired glucose tolerance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:78-83. [PMID: 23599396 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00084.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is characterized by decreased oxidative capacity and reduced carbohydrate utilization during exercise. However, it is unclear if the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affects fuel utilization during exercise in adults with IGT. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of IFG in adults with IGT decreases reliance on carbohydrate during exercise. Middle-aged, obese, sedentary individuals (n = 6, IGT and n = 6, IFG+IGT) were compared during exercise at 60% peak O2 consumption for 45 min on a cycle ergometer. Glucose rates of appearance and disposal and muscle glycogen were assessed by stable isotope dilution methods, and fat utilization was estimated via indirect calorimetry. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations. A glucose intolerance severity z-score was calculated from the oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose flux (i.e., rates of appearance and disposal) was not different between groups. However, individuals with IFG+IGT had lower muscle glycogen use (P < 0.05) and elevated fat oxidation (P < 0.01) during exercise compared with those with isolated IGT. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and glucose were significantly higher during exercise in subjects with IFG+IGT vs. IGT alone (P < 0.05). Fat utilization during exercise correlated with fasting glucose (r = 0.57, P = 0.05), glucose intolerance severity z-score (r = 0.66, P = 0.01), and nonesterified fatty acids (trend; r = 0.55, P = 0.08). The presence of IFG shifts fuel selection toward increased fat oxidation and decreased muscle glycogen utilization during exercise in adults with IGT. Whether these differences in substrate use contribute to, or are the result of, movement along the continuum from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes awaits further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Finelli C, Tarantino G. What is the role of adiponectin in obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:802-12. [PMID: 23430039 PMCID: PMC3574877 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the most common type of chronic liver disease in Western countries. Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the latter being considered as the hepatic component of insulin resistance or obesity. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-specific adipokine. There is evidence that adiponectin decreases hepatic and systematic insulin resistance, and attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis. Adiponectin generally predicts steatosis grade and the severity of NAFLD; however, to what extent this is a direct effect or related to the presence of more severe insulin resistance or obesity remains to be addressed. Although there is no proven pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD, recent therapeutic strategies have focused on the indirect upregulation of adiponectin through the administration of various therapeutic agents and/or lifestyle modifications. In this adiponectin-focused review, the pathogenetic role and the potential therapeutic benefits of adiponectin in NAFLD are analyzed systematically.
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Heyman E, Gamelin FX, Aucouturier J, Di Marzo V. The role of the endocannabinoid system in skeletal muscle and metabolic adaptations to exercise: potential implications for the treatment of obesity. Obes Rev 2012; 13:1110-24. [PMID: 22943701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The results of recent studies add the endocannabinoid system, and more specifically CB1 receptor signalling, to the complex mechanisms that negatively modulate insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation in skeletal muscle. CB1 receptors might become overactive in the skeletal muscle during obesity due to increased levels of endocannabinoids. However, quite surprisingly, one of the most studied endocannabinoids, anandamide, when administered in a sufficient dose, was shown to improve muscle glucose uptake and activate some key molecules of insulin signalling and mitochondrial biogenesis. This is probably because anandamide is only a partial agonist at CB1 receptors and interacts with other receptors (PPARγ, TRPV1), which may trigger positive metabolic effects. This putative beneficial role of anandamide is worth considering because increased plasma anandamide levels were recently reported after intense exercise. Whether the endocannabinoid system is involved in the positive exercise effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose fatty acid oxidation remains to be confirmed. Noteworthy, when exercise becomes chronic, a decrease in CB1 receptor expression in obese metabolically deregulated tissues occurs. It is then tempting to hypothesize that physical activity would represent a complementary alternative approach for the clinical management of endocannabinoid system deregulation in obesity, without the side effects occurring with CB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heyman
- Univ Lille Nord de France, EA4488 'Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé', Lille, France.
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