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Hurtado K, Scholpa NE, Schnellmann JG, Schnellmann RG. Serotonin regulation of mitochondria in kidney diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107154. [PMID: 38521286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin, while conventionally recognized as a neurotransmitter in the CNS, has recently gained attention for its role in the kidney. Specifically, serotonin is not only synthesized in the kidney, but it also regulates glomerular function, vascular resistance, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Because of serotonin's importance to mitochondrial health, this review is focused on the role of serotonin and its receptors in mitochondrial function in the context of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic kidney disease, all of which are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and none of which has approved pharmacological treatments. Evidence indicates that activation of certain serotonin receptors can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and restore mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in improved renal function. Serotonin receptor agonists that induce MB are therefore of interest as potential therapeutic strategies for renal injury and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human renal diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic kidney disease, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, none of these pathologies has an FDA-approved pharmacological intervention, underscoring the urgency of identifying new therapeutics for such disorders. Studies show that induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors reduces kidney injury markers, restores mitochondrial and renal function after kidney injury, and decreases mortality, suggesting that targeting 5-HT receptors may be a promising therapeutic avenue for mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. While numerous reviews describe the importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in kidney disease, the relevance of 5-HT receptor-mediated mitochondrial metabolic modulation in the kidney has yet to be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hurtado
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalie E Scholpa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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2
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Hurtado KA, Schnellmann RG. Mitophagy regulates mitochondrial number following pharmacological induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in renal proximal tubule cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1344075. [PMID: 38375036 PMCID: PMC10875001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1344075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) induction through the activation of the 5-Hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) 1F receptor (HTR1F) is a promising mechanism for the treatment of diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). While several studies report pharmacological activation of MB in the proximal tubule, it is unclear how the proximal tubule regulates itself once the pharmacological activation is removed. Mitophagy is the process of selective mitochondria degradation. We hypothesize that mitophagy decreases mitochondrial number after pharmacological stimulation and restore mitochondrial homeostasis. Methods: Renal proximal tubules were treated at time 0hr with LY344864 or vehicle for 24 h and then removed. LY344864, a selective HTR1F agonist, induces MB in renal proximal tubules as previously reported (Gibbs et al., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2018, 314(2), F260-F268). Vehicle and pharmacological reagents were added at the 24 h time point. Electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology, number, and autolysosomes. Seahorse Bioscience XF-96 extracellular flux analyzer was used to measure maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (FCCP-OCR), a functional marker of MB. Results: LY344864 treatment increased FCCP-OCR, phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial number after 24 h. These endpoints decreased to baseline 24 h after LY344864 removal. Treatment with ROC-325, an autophagy inhibitor, increased Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/P62) and microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (LC3B) after 24 h of treatment. Also, ROC-325 treatment sustained the elevated mitochondrial number after LY344864 pre-treatment and removal. Conclusion: These data revealed that inhibition of autophagy extends elevated mitochondrial number and function by preventing the lysosomal degradation of mitochondria after the removal of LY344864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Hurtado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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3
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Tang W, Wei Q. The metabolic pathway regulation in kidney injury and repair. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1344271. [PMID: 38283280 PMCID: PMC10811252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1344271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury and repair are accompanied by significant disruptions in metabolic pathways, leading to renal cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of renal pathology. This review outlines the complex involvement of various energy production pathways in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and ketone body metabolism within the kidney. We provide a comprehensive summary of the aberrant regulation of these metabolic pathways in kidney injury and repair. After acute kidney injury (AKI), there is notable mitochondrial damage and oxygen/nutrient deprivation, leading to reduced activity in glycolysis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, disruptions occur in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism, and the supply of ketone bodies. The subsequent kidney repair phase is characterized by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, along with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and continued disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the impact of metabolism dysfunction on renal cell injury, regeneration, and the development of renal fibrosis is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies by targeting renal metabolic regulation to ameliorate kidney injury and fibrosis and promote kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Tang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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4
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Sanchez-Niño MD, Ceballos MI, Carriazo S, Pintor-Chocano A, Sanz AB, Saleem MA, Ortiz A. Interaction of Fabry Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Suboptimal Recruitment of Kidney Protective Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15853. [PMID: 37958836 PMCID: PMC10650640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a lysosomal disease characterized by globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation. It may coexist with diabetes mellitus and both cause potentially lethal kidney end-organ damage. However, there is little information on their interaction with kidney disease. We have addressed the interaction between Fabry disease and diabetes in data mining of human kidney transcriptomics databases and in Fabry (Gla-/-) and wild type mice with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Data mining was consistent with differential expression of genes encoding enzymes from the Gb3 metabolic pathway in human diabetic kidney disease, including upregulation of UGCG, the gene encoding the upstream and rate-limiting enzyme glucosyl ceramide synthase. Diabetic Fabry mice displayed the most severe kidney infiltration by F4/80+ macrophages, and a lower kidney expression of kidney protective genes (Pgc1α and Tfeb) than diabetic wild type mice, without a further increase in kidney fibrosis. Moreover, only diabetic Fabry mice developed kidney insufficiency and these mice with kidney insufficiency had a high expression of Ugcg. In conclusion, we found evidence of interaction between diabetes and Fabry disease that may increase the severity of the kidney phenotype through modulation of the Gb3 synthesis pathway and downregulation of kidney protective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria I. Ceballos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Pintor-Chocano
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK;
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.-C.); (A.B.S.)
- RICORS2040, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ma L, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang X, Xie Y, Li X, Yang B, Yang H. The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:148. [PMID: 37907885 PMCID: PMC10617243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are linked to imbalances of gut microbiota and the abnormal generation of microbial metabolites. Similarly, a body of recent evidence revealed that biological alterations of mitochondria ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology can also exert significant effects on the occurrence of DKD. Based on the prevailing theory of endosymbiosis, it is believed that human mitochondria originated from microorganisms and share comparable biological characteristics with the microbiota found in the gut. Recent research has shown a strong correlation between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders. The gut microbiome's metabolites may play a vital role in this communication. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the development of DKD is not yet fully understood, and the role of microbial metabolites is still unclear. Recent studies are highlighted in this review to examine the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in the progression of DKD and the new therapeutic approaches for preventing or reducing DKD based on this biological axis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China.
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Namai-Takahashi A, Takahashi J, Ogawa Y, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15601. [PMID: 37958585 PMCID: PMC10649976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has anti-hypertensive and renal protective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ex on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Eight-week-old, male Dahl-S rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal-salt diet, sedentary (NS-Sed), (2) HS diet, sedentary (HS-Sed), and (3) HS-Ex. The NS and HS groups were fed a diet containing 0.6% and 8% NaCl, respectively. The HS-Ex group performed treadmill running for 8 weeks (5 days/week; 60 min/day at 16-20 m/min, 0% gradient). Renal function and the expression of enzymes and regulators of β-oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were assessed. HS increased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and Ex ameliorated these defects. HS also reduced creatinine clearance, and Ex ameliorated it. HS reduced the renal expression of enzymes of β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPTI) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs)) and the related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Ex restored this. HS also reduced the renal expression of enzymes in ETC complexes, and Ex restored this expression. Ex ameliorates HS-induced renal damage by upregulating enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC complexes via increases in PPAR-α and PGC-1α expressions in the kidneys of Dahl-S rats. These results suggest that Ex may have beneficial effects on HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junta Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Zhang L, Miao M, Xu X, Bai M, Wu M, Zhang A. From Physiology to Pathology: The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injuries and Chronic Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:342-357. [PMID: 37901706 PMCID: PMC10601966 DOI: 10.1159/000530485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal diseases remain an increasing public health issue affecting millions of people. The kidney is a highly energetic organ that is rich in mitochondria. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of mitochondria in maintaining normal kidney function and in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including acute kidney injuries (AKIs) and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Summary Under physiological conditions, fine-tuning mitochondrial energy balance, mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion processes), mitophagy, and biogenesis maintain mitochondrial fitness. While under AKI and CKD conditions, disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism leads to increased oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics shift to excessive mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial autophagy is impaired, and mitochondrial biogenesis is also compromised. These mitochondrial injuries regulate renal cellular functions either directly or indirectly. Mitochondria-targeted approaches, containing genetic (microRNAs) and pharmaceutical methods (mitochondria-targeting antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability pore inhibitors, mitochondrial fission inhibitors, and biogenesis activators), are emerging as important therapeutic strategies for AKIs and CKDs. Key Messages Mitochondria play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AKIs and CKDs. This review provides an updated overview of mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological conditions and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in renal diseases. Finally, we summarize the current status of mitochondria-targeted strategies in attenuating renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Tragaris T, Benetos IS, Vlamis J, Pneumaticos S. Machine Learning Applications in Spine Surgery. Cureus 2023; 15:e48078. [PMID: 38046496 PMCID: PMC10689893 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature review sought to identify and evaluate the current applications of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) in spine surgery that can effectively guide clinical decision-making and surgical planning. By using specific keywords to maximize search sensitivity, a thorough literature research was conducted in several online databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and the findings were filtered according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 46 studies met the requirements and were included in this review. According to this study, AI/ML models were sufficiently accurate with a mean overall value of 74.9%, and performed best at preoperative patient selection, cost prediction, and length of stay. Performance was also good at predicting functional outcomes and postoperative mortality. Regression analysis was the most frequently utilized application whereas deep learning/artificial neural networks had the highest sensitivity score (81.5%). Despite the relatively brief history of engagement with AI/ML, as evidenced by the fact that 77.5% of studies were published after 2018, the outcomes have been promising. In light of the Big Data era, the increasing prevalence of National Registries, and the wide-ranging applications of AI, such as exemplified by ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, California), it is highly likely that the field of spine surgery will gradually adopt and integrate AI/ML into its clinical practices. Consequently, it is of great significance for spine surgeons to acquaint themselves with the fundamental principles of AI/ML, as these technologies hold the potential for substantial improvements in overall patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Tragaris
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, KAT Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Ioannis S Benetos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, KAT Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - John Vlamis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, KAT Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Spyridon Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, KAT Hospital, Athens, GRC
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Hong LYQ, Yeung ESH, Tran DT, Yerra VG, Kaur H, Kabir MDG, Advani SL, Liu Y, Batchu SN, Advani A. Altered expression, but small contribution, of the histone demethylase KDM6A in obstructive uropathy in mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049991. [PMID: 37655466 PMCID: PMC10482012 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processes have emerged as important modulators of kidney health and disease. Here, we studied the role of KDM6A (a histone demethylase that escapes X-chromosome inactivation) in kidney tubule epithelial cells. We initially observed an increase in tubule cell Kdm6a mRNA in male mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, tubule cell knockout of KDM6A had relatively minor consequences, characterized by a small reduction in apoptosis, increase in inflammation and downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. In proximal tubule lineage HK-2 cells, KDM6A knockdown decreased PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein levels and mRNA levels of the encoding gene, PPARGC1A. Tubule cell Kdm6a mRNA levels were approximately 2-fold higher in female mice than in male mice, both under sham and UUO conditions. However, kidney fibrosis after UUO was similar in both sexes. The findings demonstrate Kdm6a to be a dynamically regulated gene in the kidney tubule, varying in expression levels by sex and in response to injury. Despite the context-dependent variation in Kdm6a expression, knockout of tubule cell KDM6A has subtle (albeit non-negligible) effects in the adult kidney, at least in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y. Q. Hong
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Emily S. H. Yeung
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Duc Tin Tran
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - M. D. Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Suzanne L. Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Youan Liu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Sri Nagarjun Batchu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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Ho HJ, Aoki N, Wu YJ, Gao MC, Sekine K, Sakurai T, Chiba H, Watanabe H, Watanabe M, Hui SP. A Pacific Oyster-Derived Antioxidant, DHMBA, Protects Renal Tubular HK-2 Cells against Oxidative Stress via Reduction of Mitochondrial ROS Production and Fragmentation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10061. [PMID: 37373208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney contains numerous mitochondria in proximal tubular cells that provide energy for tubular secretion and reabsorption. Mitochondrial injury and consequent excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can cause tubular damage and play a major role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, bioactive compounds that protect the renal tubular mitochondria from ROS are desirable. Here, we aimed to report 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA), isolated from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) as a potentially useful compound. In human renal tubular HK-2 cells, DHMBA significantly mitigated the cytotoxicity induced by the ROS inducer L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO). DHMBA reduced the mitochondrial ROS production and subsequently regulated mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission balance, and mitophagy; DHMBA also enhanced mitochondrial respiration in BSO-treated cells. These findings highlight the potential of DHMBA to protect renal tubular mitochondrial function against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Ho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Natsumi Aoki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yi-Jou Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ming-Chen Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Karin Sekine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan
| | | | - Mitsugu Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Watanabe Oyster Laboratory, Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0154, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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11
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Schumann A, Brutsche M, Havermans M, Grünert SC, Kölker S, Groß O, Hannibal L, Spiekerkoetter U. The impact of metabolic stressors on mitochondrial homeostasis in a renal epithelial cell model of methylmalonic aciduria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7677. [PMID: 37169781 PMCID: PMC10175303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA-uria) is caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). MUT deficiency hampers energy generation from specific amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-known long-term complication. We exposed human renal epithelial cells from healthy controls and MMA-uria patients to different culture conditions (normal treatment (NT), high protein (HP) and isoleucine/valine (I/V)) to test the effect of metabolic stressors on renal mitochondrial energy metabolism. Creatinine levels were increased and antioxidant stress defense was severely comprised in MMA-uria cells. Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis were observed. Changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and impaired energy generation from fatty acid oxidation were detected. Methylcitrate as potentially toxic, disease-specific metabolite was increased by HP and I/V load. Mitophagy was disabled in MMA-uria cells, while autophagy was highly active particularly under HP and I/V conditions. Mitochondrial dynamics were shifted towards fission. Sirtuin1, a stress-resistance protein, was down-regulated by HP and I/V exposure in MMA-uria cells. Taken together, both interventions aggravated metabolic fingerprints observed in MMA-uria cells at baseline. The results point to protein toxicity in MMA-uria and lead to a better understanding, how the accumulating, potentially toxic organic acids might trigger CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schumann
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marion Brutsche
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monique Havermans
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Wang L, Tang Y, Herman MA, Spurney RF. Pharmacologic blockade of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor promotes weight loss and enhances insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Transl Res 2023; 255:140-151. [PMID: 36563959 PMCID: PMC10441142 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While natriuretic peptides (NPs) are primarily known for their renal and cardiovascular actions, NPs stimulate lipolysis in adipocytes and induce a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue (WAT) that resembles brown fat. The biologic effects of NPs are negatively regulated by the NP clearance receptor (NPRC), which binds and degrades NPs. Knockout (KO) of NPRC protects against diet induced obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. To determine if pharmacologic blockade of NPRC enhanced the beneficial metabolic actions of NPs in type 2 diabetes, we blocked NP clearance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes using the specific NPRC ligand ANP(4-23). We found that treatment with ANP(4-23) caused a significant decrease in body weight by increasing energy expenditure and reducing fat mass without a change in lean body mass. The decrease in fat mass was associated with a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduced serum insulin levels. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a decrease in infiltrating macrophages in adipose tissue, and reduced expression of inflammatory markers in both serum and WAT. These data suggest that inhibiting NP clearance may be an effective pharmacologic approach to promote weight loss and enhance insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Optimizing the therapeutic approach may lead to useful therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yuping Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina.
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13
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Cleveland KH, Schnellmann RG. The β 2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol restores mitochondrial homeostasis in glucose-induced renal proximal tubule injury through separate integrated pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115436. [PMID: 36720358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction drives the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previously, we discovered that the β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist formoterol regulates mitochondrial dynamics in the hyperglycemic renal proximal tubule. The goal of this study was to identify signaling mechanisms through which formoterol restores the mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins Drp1 and Mfn1. Using primary renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC), the effect of chronic high glucose on RhoA/ROCK1/Drp1 and Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Mfn1 signaling was determined. In glucose-treated RPTC, RhoA became hyperactive, leading to ROCK1-induced activation of Drp1. Treatment with formoterol and/or pharmacological inhibitors targeting RhoA, ROCK1 and Drp1 blocked RhoA and Drp1 hyperactivity. Inhibiting this pathway also restored maximal mitochondrial respiration. By preventing Gβγ signaling with gallein, we determined that formoterol signals through the Gβγ subunit of the β2-AR to restore RhoA and Drp1. Furthermore, formoterol restored this pathway by blocking binding of RhoA with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor p114RhoGEF. Formoterol also restored the mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn1 through a second Gβγ-dependent mechanism composed of Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Mfn1. Glucose-treated RPTC exhibited decreased Mfn1 activity, which was restored with formoterol. Pharmacological inhibition of Gβγ, Raf and MEK1/2 also restored Mfn1 activity. We demonstrate that glucose promotes the interaction between RhoA and p114RhoGEF, leading to increased RhoA and ROCK1-mediated activation of Drp1, and decreases Mfn1 activity through Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2. Formoterol restores these pathways and mitochondrial function in response to elevated glucose by activating separate yet integrative pathways that promote mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased fission and increased fusion in RPTC, further supporting its potential as a therapeutic for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan H Cleveland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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14
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Cleveland KH, Schnellmann RG. Pharmacological Targeting of Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:250-262. [PMID: 36781216 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States and many other countries. DKD occurs through a variety of pathogenic processes that are in part driven by hyperglycemia and glomerular hypertension, leading to gradual loss of kidney function and eventually progressing to ESRD. In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia and glomerular hyperfiltration leads to glomerular and proximal tubular dysfunction. Simultaneously, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stages of hyperglycemia and has been identified as a key event in the development of DKD. Clinical management for DKD relies primarily on blood pressure and glycemic control through the use of numerous therapeutics that slow disease progression. Because mitochondrial function is key for renal health over time, therapeutics that improve mitochondrial function could be of value in different renal diseases. Increasing evidence supports the idea that targeting aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, restores mitochondrial function and improves renal function in DKD. We will review mitochondrial function in DKD and the effects of current and experimental therapeutics on mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis in DKD over time. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 20% to 40% of patients with diabetes and has limited treatment options. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key event in the progression of DKD, and pharmacologically restoring mitochondrial function in the early stages of DKD may be a potential therapeutic strategy in preventing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan H Cleveland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (K.H.C., R.G.S.) and Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
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15
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010088. [PMID: 36611880 PMCID: PMC9818928 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney contains many mitochondria that generate ATP to provide energy for cellular processes. Oxidative stress injury can be caused by impaired mitochondria with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species. Accumulating evidence has indicated a relationship between oxidative stress and kidney diseases, and revealed new insights into mitochondria-targeted therapeutics for renal injury. Improving mitochondrial homeostasis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and balancing mitochondrial turnover has the potential to protect renal function against oxidative stress. Although there are some reviews that addressed this issue, the articles summarizing the relationship between mitochondria-targeted effects and the risk factors of renal failure are still few. In this review, we integrate recent studies on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in kidney diseases, especially chronic kidney disease. We organized the causes and risk factors of oxidative stress in the kidneys based in their mitochondria-targeted effects. This review also listed the possible candidates for clinical therapeutics of kidney diseases by modulating mitochondrial function.
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16
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Lv T, Zhang Y, Ji X, Sun S, Xu L, Ma W, Liu Y, Wan Q. GCN5L1-mediated TFAM acetylation at K76 participates in mitochondrial biogenesis in acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2022; 20:571. [PMID: 36474281 PMCID: PMC9724393 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathogenic event in acute kidney injury (AKI). GCN5L1 is a specific acetyltransferase in mitochondria, which regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. However, the role of GCN5L1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of ischemic AKI are not fully understood. METHODS The protein level of GCN5L1 was detected by western blot assay. Acetylated proteomics was used to explore the level of acetylated TFAM. Duolink proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the interaction of TFAM and translocase of outer membrane 70 (TOM70). mtDNA copy number, the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, the number and morphology of mitochondria were measured. The renal injury of AKI mice was reflected by the levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen and the pathological changes of renal tissue. RESULTS We showed that GCN5L1 was highly expressed in vivo and in vitro and renal tubules specific knockdown of GCN5L1 could effectively attenuate AKI-induced mitochondrial impairment. Besides, acetylated proteomics revealed that acetylated TFAM was significantly upregulated in AKI mice kidney, which reminded us that TFAM might be an acetylating substrate of GCN5L1. Mechanistically, we evidenced that GCN5L1 could acetylate TFAM at its K76 site and subsequently inhibited its binding to TOM70, thereby reducing TFAM import into mitochondria and mitochondrial biogenesis. Clinically, GCN5L1 and acetylated TFAM were positively correlated with disease severity (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In sum, these data demonstrated an unrecognized regulating mechanism of GCN5L1 on TFAM acetylation and its intracellular trafficking, and a potential intervening target for AKI associated mitochondrial disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Allergy, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - XingZhao Ji
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Allergy, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China ,grid.410587.fShandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Li Xu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Allergy, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China ,grid.410587.fShandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Weixia Ma
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Allergy, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China ,grid.410587.fShandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Allergy, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China ,grid.410587.fShandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Qiang Wan
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
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17
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Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Mishra M, Nichols L, Dave AA, Pittman EH, Cheek JP, Caroland AJV, Lotwala P, Drummond J, Bridges CC. Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Injury and Role of Toxic Heavy Metals in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911105. [PMID: 36232403 PMCID: PMC9569673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that affects millions of adults every year. Major risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, which affect millions of adults worldwide. CKD is characterized by cellular injury followed by permanent loss of functional nephrons. As injured cells die and nephrons become sclerotic, remaining healthy nephrons attempt to compensate by undergoing various structural, molecular, and functional changes. While these changes are designed to maintain appropriate renal function, they may lead to additional cellular injury and progression of disease. As CKD progresses and filtration decreases, the ability to eliminate metabolic wastes and environmental toxicants declines. The inability to eliminate environmental toxicants such as arsenic, cadmium, and mercury may contribute to cellular injury and enhance the progression of CKD. The present review describes major molecular alterations that contribute to the pathogenesis of CKD and the effects of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury on the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Larry Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Sciences Education, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Aditi A. Dave
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Pittman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - John P. Cheek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Anasalea J. V. Caroland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Purva Lotwala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - James Drummond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | - Christy C. Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(478)-301-2086
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19
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Schillemans T, Tragante V, Maitusong B, Gigante B, Cresci S, Laguzzi F, Vikström M, Richards M, Pilbrow A, Cameron V, Foco L, Doughty RN, Kuukasjärvi P, Allayee H, Hartiala JA, Tang WHW, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Laurikka JO, Srinivasan S, Mordi IR, Trompet S, Kraaijeveld A, van Setten J, Gijsberts CM, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Saely CH, Gong Y, Johnson JA, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Pepine CJ, Casu G, Leiherer A, Drexel H, Horne BD, van der Laan SW, Marziliano N, Hazen SL, Sinisalo J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Lang CC, Burkhardt R, Scholz M, Jukema JW, Eriksson N, Åkerblom A, James S, Held C, Hagström E, Spertus JA, Algra A, de Faire U, Åkesson A, Asselbergs FW, Patel RS, Leander K. Associations of Polymorphisms in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha Gene With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease: An Individual-Level Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909870. [PMID: 35812313 PMCID: PMC9260705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The knowledge of factors influencing disease progression in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) is still relatively limited. One potential pathway is related to peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A), a transcription factor linked to energy metabolism which may play a role in the heart function. Thus, its associations with subsequent CHD events remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of three different SNPs in the PPARGC1A gene on the risk of subsequent CHD in a population with established CHD. Methods: We employed an individual-level meta-analysis using 23 studies from the GENetIcs of sUbSequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium, which included participants (n = 80,900) with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. Three variants in the PPARGC1A gene (rs8192678, G482S; rs7672915, intron 2; and rs3755863, T528T) were tested for their associations with subsequent events during the follow-up using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and sex. The primary outcome was subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction). Stratified analyses of the participant or study characteristics as well as additional analyses for secondary outcomes of specific cardiovascular disease diagnoses and all-cause death were also performed. Results: Meta-analysis revealed no significant association between any of the three variants in the PPARGC1A gene and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline: rs8192678, hazard ratio (HR): 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.05 and rs7672915, HR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–1.00; rs3755863, HR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.06. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for any of the secondary outcomes. The results from stratified analyses showed null results, except for significant inverse associations between rs7672915 (intron 2) and the primary outcome among 1) individuals aged ≥65, 2) individuals with renal impairment, and 3) antiplatelet users. Conclusion: We found no clear associations between polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A gene and subsequent CHD events in patients with established CHD at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Schillemans
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Buamina Maitusong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Cardiovascular Division, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Pilbrow
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Vicky Cameron
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Robert N. Doughty
- Heart Health Research Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pekka Kuukasjärvi
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jaana A. Hartiala
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari O. Laurikka
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sundararajan Srinivasan
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ify R. Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, and Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Kraaijeveld
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Crystel M. Gijsberts
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christoph H. Saely
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Yan Gong
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gavino Casu
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Department of Medicine and Intensive Care, County Hospital Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Marziliano
- Medicine Laboratory Unit, ASST Rhodense (Rho-Milano), Lombardy, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Åkerblom
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan James
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Held
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emil Hagström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John A. Spertus
- Saint Luke´s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ale Algra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riyaz S. Patel
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bart’s Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karin Leander,
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20
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Metabolic mechanisms of acute proximal tubular injury. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:813-827. [PMID: 35567641 PMCID: PMC9338906 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the proximal tubule (PT) is the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Diagnostic and treatment options for AKI are currently limited, and a deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at a cellular level is required to rectify this situation. Metabolism in the PT is complex and closely coupled to solute transport function. Recent studies have shown that major changes in PT metabolism occur during AKI and have highlighted some potential targets for intervention. However, translating these insights into effective new therapies still represents a substantial challenge. In this article, in addition to providing a brief overview of the current state of the field, we will highlight three emerging areas that we feel are worthy of greater attention. First, we will discuss the role of axial heterogeneity in cellular function along the PT in determining baseline susceptibility to different metabolic hits. Second, we will emphasize that elucidating insult specific pathogenic mechanisms will likely be critical in devising more personalized treatments for AKI. Finally, we will argue that uncovering links between tubular metabolism and whole-body homeostasis will identify new strategies to try to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with AKI. These concepts will be illustrated by examples of recent studies emanating from the authors' laboratories and performed under the auspices of the Swiss National Competence Center for Kidney Research (NCCR Kidney.ch).
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21
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Curtis LM, Balkawade R. Thermoneutral Regulation and Acute Injury: Implications for Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:229-233. [PMID: 34823244 PMCID: PMC9090934 DOI: 10.1159/000520143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has demonstrated sex differences as illustrated in clinical and preclinical studies. In most cases, females show a significant resistance to AKI as manifested by renal indicators of injury, and thus much of the literature is derived from studies exclusively in males. Thermoneutral housing alters sex differences in acute injury of the liver, but has not been studied in the kidney. Thermoneutrality, the ambient temperature at which additional energy is not needed to maintain core body temperature, is regulated by mechanisms residing in mitochondria. Importantly, mitochondrial function plays an important role in induction and recovery of AKI. Mechanisms that regulate thermoneutrality include uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and one of its upstream regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1α has been extensively studied in AKI in males. UCP-2, a UCP expressed in the kidney, has been minimally studied in AKI in males. Expression of other UCPs in the kidney has not been well defined. No studies of either PGC-1α or UCPs have interrogated for a sex difference nor have they been investigated at thermoneutrality in the kidney. In this brief review, pathways of importance in thermoneutrality are described and related to pathways of importance in modulating susceptibility to AKI. Clarity in the understanding of the impact of thermoneutrality on AKI in altering susceptibility in females may expand our understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial function in this setting. Unique utilization of mitochondrial-based molecular pathways in females may then inform potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Curtis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rohan Balkawade
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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22
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Ishiko S, Goligorsky MS. Ways and Means of Cellular Reconditioning for Kidney Regeneration. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:96-107. [PMID: 35259745 PMCID: PMC9019837 DOI: 10.1159/000522050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial, lysosomal, and peroxisomal dysfunction; defective autophagy; mitophagy; and pexophagy, as well as the loss of glycocalyx integrity are known contributors to initiation and progression of diverse kidney diseases. Those cellular organelles are tightly interactive in health, and during development of a disease, damage in one may propagate to others. By extension, it follows that restoring an individual defect may culminate in a broader restorative spectrum and improvement of cell and organ functions. SUMMARY A novel strategy of reconditioning cellular organellar dysfunction, which we define as refurbishment of pathogenically pivotal intra- or extracellular elements, damaged in the course of disease and impeding restoration, is briefly outlined in this overview. Individual therapeutic reconditioning approaches targeting selected organelles are cataloged. We anticipate that the proposed reconditioning strategy in the future may enrich the arsenal of regenerative medicine and nephrology. KEY MESSAGE The arsenal of regenerative medicine and nephrology consisting of organ transplantation, use of stem cells, cell-free approaches, cell reprogramming strategies, and organ engineering has been enriched by the reconditioning strategy. The latter is based on the recognition of two facts that (a) impairment of diverse cellular organelles contributes to pathogenesis of kidney disease and (b) individual organelles are functionally interactively coupled, which explains the "domino effect" leading to their dysfunction. Reconditioning takes advantage of these facts and, while initially directed to restore the function of individual cellular organelles, culminates in the propagation of a therapeutic intervention to account for improved cell and organ function. Examples of such interventions are briefly summarized along the presentation of defective cellular organelles contributing to pathogenesis of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishiko
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA,
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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23
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Vallon V, Nakagawa T. Renal Tubular Handling of Glucose and Fructose in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2995-3044. [PMID: 34964123 PMCID: PMC9832976 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule of the kidney is programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose and fructose. Glucose is taken up by apical sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 whereas SGLT5 and potentially SGLT4 and GLUT5 have been implicated in apical fructose uptake. The glucose taken up by the proximal tubule is typically not metabolized but leaves via the basolateral facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 and is returned to the systemic circulation or used as an energy source by distal tubular segments after basolateral uptake via GLUT1. The proximal tubule generates new glucose in metabolic acidosis and the postabsorptive phase, and fructose serves as an important substrate. In fact, under physiological conditions and intake, fructose taken up by proximal tubules is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic kidney, glucose is retained and gluconeogenesis enhanced, the latter in part driven by fructose. This is maladaptive as it sustains hyperglycemia. Moreover, renal glucose retention is coupled to sodium retention through SGLT2 and SGLT1, which induces secondary deleterious effects. SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing independent of kidney function and diabetes. Dietary excess of fructose also induces tubular injury. This can be magnified by kidney formation of fructose under pathological conditions. Fructose metabolism is linked to urate formation, which partially accounts for fructose-induced tubular injury, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Fructose metabolism favors glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration as urate suppresses aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and has been linked to potentially detrimental aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2995-3044, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA,Correspondence to and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence to and
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24
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Zhang X, Agborbesong E, Li X. The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011253. [PMID: 34681922 PMCID: PMC8537003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell differentiation and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a contributor in many diseases. The kidney is an organ enriched in mitochondria and with high energy demand in the human body. Recent studies have been focusing on how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of different forms of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI has been linked to an increased risk of developing CKD. AKI and CKD have a broad clinical syndrome and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality, encompassing various etiologies and representing important challenges for global public health. Renal mitochondrial disorders are a common feature of diverse forms of AKI and CKD, which result from defects in mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and biogenesis as well as crosstalk of mitochondria with other organelles. Persistent dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI and CKD affects diverse cellular pathways, leading to an increase in renal microvascular loss, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and eventually renal failure. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that govern mitochondria functions and pathophysiology in AKI and CKD, which should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the molecular insights of the mitochondria and the specific pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of AKI, CKD, and AKI to CKD transition. We also discuss the possible beneficial effects of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated AKI and CKD, which may translate into therapeutic options to ameliorate renal injury and delay the progression of these kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (X.Z.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-266-0110
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25
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Galvan DL, Mise K, Danesh FR. Mitochondrial Regulation of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745279. [PMID: 34646847 PMCID: PMC8502854 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and nature of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been extensively studied. Yet, the molecular drivers of mitochondrial remodeling in DKD are poorly understood. Diabetic kidney cells exhibit a cascade of mitochondrial dysfunction ranging from changes in mitochondrial morphology to significant alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, biosynthetic, bioenergetics and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). How these changes individually or in aggregate contribute to progression of DKD remain to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, because of the remarkable progress in our basic understanding of the role of mitochondrial biology and its dysfunction in DKD, there is great excitement on future targeted therapies based on improving mitochondrial function in DKD. This review will highlight the latest advances in understanding the nature of mitochondria dysfunction and its role in progression of DKD, and the development of mitochondrial targets that could be potentially used to prevent its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Galvan
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Koki Mise
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Farhad R Danesh
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Wang Z, Fu Z, Wang C, Xu J, Ma H, Jiang M, Xu T, Feng X, Zhang W. ZLN005 protects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury by mitigating oxidative stress through the restoration of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:10014-10037. [PMID: 34650679 PMCID: PMC8507071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a difficult problem for clinicians. In the present study, we assessed whether ZLN005, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) agonist, can protect against ischemic AKI in vivo and in vitro. Notably, ZLN005 treatment significantly alleviated Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced tubular injury and reversed the decrease in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cell viability by restoring PGC-1α expression in a dose-dependent manner. This beneficial effect of ZLN005 was associated with the preservation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (MitoFAO) and the alleviation of oxidative stress. Cotreatment with etomoxir, a specific inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (CPT-1α) activity, or CPT-1α siRNA abrogated ZLN005-induced antistress responses by mitigating reactive oxygen species production and decreasing apoptosis under ischemia-hypoxia conditions by suppressing MitoFAO. Further studies revealed that activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be involved in the effect of CPT-1α inhibition observed in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that ZLN005 confers a protective effect on I/R-induced kidney injury by mitigating ER stress through the restoration of MitoFAO by targeting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Zongjie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongkun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengdi Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaobei Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
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27
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Kaundal RK, Kalvala AK, Kumar A. Neurological Implications of COVID-19: Role of Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4575-4587. [PMID: 34110602 PMCID: PMC8190166 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 or COVID-19 has been declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, this disease affected 159 million of the population and reported ~ 3.3 million deaths to the current date (May 2021). There is no definitive treatment strategy that has been identified, although this disease has prevailed in its current form for the past 18 months. The main challenges in the (SARS-CoV)-2 infections are in identifying the heterogeneity in viral strains and the plausible mechanisms of viral infection to human tissues. In parallel to the investigations into the patho-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, understanding the fundamental processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is very crucial for designing effective therapies. Since neurological symptoms are very apparent in COVID-19 infected patients, here, we tried to emphasize the involvement of redox imbalance and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of the COVID-19 infection. It has been articulated that mitochondrial dysfunction is very apparent and also interlinked to neurological symptoms in COVID-19 infection. Overall, this article provides an in-depth overview of redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction involvement in aggravating COVID-19 infection and its probable contribution to the neurological manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
- Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Kalvala
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, North America, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
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28
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Fujii R, Hasegawa S, Maekawa H, Inoue T, Yoshioka K, Uni R, Ikeda Y, Nangaku M, Inagi R. Decreased IFT88 expression with primary cilia shortening causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F278-F292. [PMID: 34338030 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00673.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of primary cilia shortening in kidney disease and its pathomechanism are largely unknown. Tubular damage in acute kidney injury (AKI) is strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the interaction between primary cilia and mitochondria in cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models. We observed that the expression of intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), a ciliary maintenance protein, was decreased in the renal cortex following tubular damage due to cisplatin-induced AKI. This result was consistent with the decreased IFT88 expression in cisplatin-treated RPTEC/TERT1 cells (human primary proximal tubular cells) parallel to the shortening of primary cilia, suggesting a causative link between tubular damage and IFT88-mediated cilia regulation. To address the effect of impaired primary cilia with decreased IFT88 expression on tubular function, RPTEC/TERT1 cells treated with cisplatin and knocked down for IFT88 using siRNA (IFT88-KD) were assessed for phenotypic changes and mitochondrial metabolic function. Both cisplatin and IFT88-KD caused primary cilia shortening, downregulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and had defective fatty acid oxidation and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, IFT88 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial respiration, which partially counteracted cisplatin-induced defective fatty acid oxidation. These results are indicative of the contribution of IFT88 to mitochondrial homeostasis. Our findings suggest that tubular mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced AKI is mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in IFT88 expression with primary cilia shortening. That is, tubular mitochondrial damage followed by tubular injury in AKI may occur through alteration of IFT88 expression and subsequent ciliary shortening in tubular cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrated organelle cross-talk between primary cilia and mitochondria of proximal tubular cells in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The primary cilia-mitochondria interaction may open new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Fujii
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maekawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Company, Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Uni
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Song YC, Liu R, Li RH, Xu F. Dexmedetomidine Exerts Renal Protective Effect by Regulating the PGC-1α/STAT1/IRF-1 Axis. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 145:528-539. [PMID: 33965939 DOI: 10.1159/000514532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and its incidence and mortality increase year by year in the population. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) can improve AKI by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress, but its mechanism is still unclear. METHODS A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of HK-2 cells and a kidney I/R model of C57BL/6J mice were established. In the experiment, cells were transfected with sh-PGC-1α to inhibit PGC-1α expression. The changes of ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed. HE staining was used to assess kidney damage in mice. Concentration of kidney injury markers serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and expression of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. qPCR analysis was used to detect mRNA levels of related proteins in cells and mouse kidney tissues. The protein intracellular content and phosphorylation levels were determined by Western blotting. RESULT The production of inflammatory factors and ROS was increased in HK-2 cells treated with H/R, while MMP, cell viability, and mitochondrial-related protein levels were decreased. DEX attenuated pathological changes induced by H/R, while knockdown of PGC-1α eliminated the mitigation effect. DEX inhibited the damage of I/R to the kidneys of mice and increased the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins and PGC-1α in the kidneys, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression of IRF-1. CONCLUSIONS DEX appears to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cellular inflammation by upregulating PGC-1α to affect STAT1 phosphorylation level and IRF-1 expression, thereby preventing AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Ru-Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate, is a common and devastating pathologic condition. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Regardless of the initial insult, CKD progression after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including proximal tubular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Although the mechanisms underlying this AKI to CKD progression have been investigated extensively over the past decade, therapeutic strategies still are lacking. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that AKI and its progression toward CKD is multifactorial and variable because it is dependent on patient background. In this review, we describe the current understanding of AKI and its maladaptive repair with a focus on proximal tubules and resident fibroblasts. Subsequently, we discuss the unique pathophysiology of AKI in the elderly, highlighting our recent finding of age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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31
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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Yuan L, Yuan Y, Liu F, Li L, Liu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y. PGC-1α alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction via TFEB-mediated autophagy in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8421-8439. [PMID: 33714196 PMCID: PMC8034953 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the key role of impaired mitochondria in the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI), it is striking that peroxisome proliferator γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, protects from kidney injury. However, the specific mechanism involved in PGC-1α-mediated autophagy remains elusive. In vivo, along with the severe kidney damage, the expression of PGC-1α was decreased in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. Conversely, PGC-1α activator (ZLN005) administration could alleviate kidney injury. Consistently, in vitro overexpression of PGC-1α or ZLN005 treatment inhibited cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by cisplatin. Moreover, ZLN005 treatment increased the expression of LC3-II and co-localization between LC3 and mitochondria, suggesting that the mitophagy was activated. Furthermore, PGC-1α-mediated the activation of mitophagy was reliant on the increased expression of TFEB, and the protective effects were abrogated in TFEB-knockdown cells. These data suggest that the activation of PGC-1α could alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney injury in AKI mice via TFEB-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Department of Nephrology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Echinacoside improves diabetic liver injury by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in db/db mice. Life Sci 2021; 271:119237. [PMID: 33600859 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural compound extracted from the stem of the Cistanche deserticola plant, has significant biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we aimed to explore the protection effects and mechanisms of ECH on diabetic liver injury in db/db mice. MAIN METHODS Overall, 6-week-old db/db mice (n = 20) were randomly allocated to 2 groups: diabetic model group (db/db group, intragastric administration of normal saline, n = 10) and ECH-treated group (db/db + ECH group, n = 10). Additionally, the normal control group comprised 6-week-old db/m mice (db/m group, normal saline intragastric administration, n = 10). ECH was administered once a day for 10 weeks. Weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured biweekly. HE staining and Oil O staining were used to evaluate liver tissue pathological changes and lipid accumulation respectively. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of components of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling axis. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the administration of echinacoside for 10 weeks could significantly improve liver injury and insulin resistance in db/db mice (p < 0.01). Also, echinacoside treatment helped to reduce blood lipids and blood glucose (p < 0.01). Moreover, ECH actived AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1A (CPT1A) in db/db mice (p < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE The effect of ECH may be elicited by the activation of the liver AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and its downstream factors to improve adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
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Kato M, Abdollahi M, Tunduguru R, Tsark W, Chen Z, Wu X, Wang J, Chen ZB, Lin FM, Lanting L, Wang M, Huss J, Fueger PT, Chan D, Natarajan R. miR-379 deletion ameliorates features of diabetic kidney disease by enhancing adaptive mitophagy via FIS1. Commun Biol 2021; 4:30. [PMID: 33398021 PMCID: PMC7782535 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes. Expression of members of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-379 cluster is increased in DKD. miR-379, the most upstream 5'-miRNA in the cluster, functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by targeting EDEM3. However, the in vivo functions of miR-379 remain unclear. We created miR-379 knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 nickase and dual guide RNA technique and characterized their phenotype in diabetes. We screened for miR-379 targets in renal mesangial cells from WT vs. miR-379KO mice using AGO2-immunopreciptation and CLASH (cross-linking, ligation, sequencing hybrids) and identified the redox protein thioredoxin and mitochondrial fission-1 protein. miR-379KO mice were protected from features of DKD as well as body weight loss associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER- and oxidative stress. These results reveal a role for miR-379 in DKD and metabolic processes via reducing adaptive mitophagy. Strategies targeting miR-379 could offer therapeutic options for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ragadeepthi Tunduguru
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Walter Tsark
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Janice Huss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - David Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Gujarati NA, Vasquez JM, Bogenhagen DF, Mallipattu SK. The complicated role of mitochondria in the podocyte. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F955-F965. [PMID: 33073585 PMCID: PMC7792691 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00393.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a complex role in maintaining cellular function including ATP generation, generation of biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and metabolic waste management. Although the contribution of mitochondrial function in various kidney diseases has been studied, there are still avenues that need to be explored under healthy and diseased conditions. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been implicated in experimental models of podocytopathy as well as in humans with glomerular diseases resulting from podocyte dysfunction. Specifically, in the podocyte, metabolism is largely driven by oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis depending on the metabolic needs. These metabolic needs may change drastically in the presence of podocyte injury in glomerular diseases such as diabetic kidney disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Here, we review the role of mitochondria in the podocyte and the factors regulating its function at baseline and in a variety of podocytopathies to identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehaben A Gujarati
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jessica M Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Daniel F Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Renal Section, Northport Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York
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36
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Salazar-Torres FJ, Medina-Perez M, Melo Z, Mendoza-Cerpa C, Echavarria R. Urinary expression of long non-coding RNA TUG1 in non-diabetic patients with glomerulonephritides. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:17. [PMID: 33365127 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations serve a significant role in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a known regulator of podocyte health and mitochondrial biogenesis. Although TUG1 protects against podocyte loss in models of diabetic nephropathy, it is unknown if urinary TUG1 expression is associated with clinical and histopathological findings in non-diabetic patients diagnosed with glomerulonephritides. In the present study, the expression of TUG1, podocyte-specific markers (nephrin and podocin) and mitochondrial biogenesis-associated mRNAs (transcription factor A mitochondrial, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) were examined in urinary sediment of non-diabetic patients with biopsy-confirmed glomerulonephritides and healthy controls. Urinary expression of TUG1 was significantly lower in patients with glomerulonephritides, particularly those diagnosed with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Furthermore, TUG1 levels were associated with urinary expression of podocyte-specific markers and mRNAs associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Loss of TUG1 expression in urinary sediment was strongly associated with FSGS, highlighting the potential of this lncRNA and its mitochondrial biogenesis-associated targets as non-invasive biomarkers of assessing podocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Javier Salazar-Torres
- Departamento de Nefrología, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México.,Unidad de Medicina Familiar con Unidad Médica de Atención Ambulatoria UMF/UMAA 39, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Matamoros, Tamaulipas 87344, México
| | - Miguel Medina-Perez
- Departamento de Nefrología, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Zesergio Melo
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Cerpa
- Departamento de Patología, UMAE-Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Raquel Echavarria
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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Chambers JM, Addiego A, Flores-Mireles AL, Wingert RA. Ppargc1a Controls Ciliated Cell Development by Regulating Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108370. [PMID: 33176142 PMCID: PMC7731726 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that function in a multitude of physiological contexts to perform chemosensing, mechanosensing, and fluid propulsion. The process of ciliogenesis is highly regulated, and disruptions result in disease states termed ciliopathies. Here, we report that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (ppargc1a) is essential for ciliogenesis in nodal, mono-, and multiciliated cells (MCCs) and for discernment of renal tubule ciliated cell fate during embryogenesis. ppargc1a performs these functions by affecting prostaglandin signaling, whereby cilia formation and renal MCC fate are restored with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment in ppargc1a-deficient animals. Genetic disruption of ppargc1a specifically reduces expression of the prostanoid biosynthesis gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (ptgs1), and suboptimal knockdown of both genes shows this synergistic effect. Furthermore, ptgs1 overexpression rescues ciliogenesis and renal MCCs in ppargc1a-deficient embryos. These findings position Ppargc1a as a key genetic regulator of prostaglandin signaling during ciliated cell ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Amanda Addiego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Collier JB, Schnellmann RG. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 regulates NAD metabolism during acute kidney injury through microRNA-34a-mediated NAMPT expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3643-3655. [PMID: 31873757 PMCID: PMC11104937 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have established the important role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as a mediator of acute kidney injury (AKI). We demonstrated rapid ERK1/2 activation induced renal dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI and downregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in mice. In this study, ERK1/2 regulation of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and PGC-1α were explored. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation during AKI in mice using the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, attenuated renal cortical oxidized NAD (NAD+) depletion. The rate-limiting NAD biosynthesis salvage enzyme, NAMPT, decreased following AKI, and this decrease was prevented by ERK1/2 inhibition. The microRNA miR34a decreased with the inhibition of ERK1/2, leading to increased NAMPT protein. Mice treated with a miR34a mimic prevented increases in NAMPT protein in the renal cortex in the presence of ERK1/2 inhibition. In addition, ERK1/2 activation increased acetylated PGC-1α, the less active form, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 activation prevented an increase in acetylated PGC-1α after AKI through SIRT1 and NAD+ attenuation. These results implicate IR-induced ERK1/2 activation as an important contributor to the downregulation of both PGC-1α and NAD+ pathways that ultimately decrease cellular metabolism and renal function. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation prior to the initiation of IR injury attenuated decreases in PGC-1α and NAD+ and prevented kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Collier
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Modulation of Renal Injury by Variable Expression of Myo-Inositol Oxygenase (MIOX) via Perturbation in Metabolic Sensors. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070217. [PMID: 32708636 PMCID: PMC7400661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with perturbations in cellular energy homeostasis and consequential renal injury leading to chronic renal disease (CKD). Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), a tubular enzyme, alters redox balance and subsequent tubular injury in the settings of obesity. Mechanism(s) for such adverse changes remain enigmatic. Conceivably, MIOX accentuates renal injury via reducing expression/activity of metabolic sensors, which perturb mitochondrial dynamics and, if sustained, would ultimately contribute towards CKD. In this brief communication, we utilized MIOX-TG (Transgenic) and MIOXKO mice, and subjected them to high fat diet (HFD) administration. In addition, ob/ob and ob/MIOXKO mice of comparable age were used. Mice fed with HFD had increased MIOX expression and remarkable derangements in tubular injury biomarkers. Decreased expression of p-AMPKα (phospho AMP-activated protein kinase) in the tubules was also observed, and it was accentuated in MIOX-TG mice. Interestingly, ob/ob mice also had decreased p-AMPKα expression, which was restored in ob/MIOXKO mice. Parallel changes were observed in Sirt1/Sirt3 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog), and expression of other metabolic sensors, i.e., PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and Yin Yang (YY-1). In vitro experiments with tubular cells subjected to palmitate-BSA and MIOX-siRNA had results in conformity with the in vivo observations. These findings link the biology of metabolic sensors to MIOX expression in impaired cellular energy homeostasis with exacerbation/amelioration of renal injury.
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Lu Q, Wang M, Gui Y, Hou Q, Gu M, Liang Y, Xiao B, Zhao AZ, Dai C. Rheb1 protects against cisplatin-induced tubular cell death and acute kidney injury via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:364. [PMID: 32404875 PMCID: PMC7221100 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1), a small GTPase, plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. However, the role and mechanisms for Rheb1 in tubular cell survival and acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unexplored. Here we found that Rheb1 signaling was activated in kidney tubule of AKI patients and cisplatin-treated mice. A mouse model of tubule-specific deletion of Rheb1 (Tubule-Rheb1−/−) was generated. Compared to control littermates, Tubule-Rheb1−/− mice were phenotypically normal within 2 months after birth but developed more severe kidney dysfunction, tubular cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, mitochondrial defect and less PGC-1α expression after cisplatin injection. In primary cultured tubular cells, Rheb1 ablation exacerbated cisplatin-induced cell death and mitochondrial defect. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency for Tsc1 in tubular cells led to Rheb1 activation and mitigated cisplatin-induced cell death, mitochondrial defect and AKI. Together, this study uncovers that Rheb1 may protect against cisplatin-induced tubular cell death and AKI through maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Lu
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Gui
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Hou
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengru Gu
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518000, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510515, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Borges CM, Fujihara CK, Malheiros DMAC, de Ávila VF, Formigari GP, Lopes de Faria JB. Metformin arrests the progression of established kidney disease in the subtotal nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1229-F1236. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00539.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been shown in previous studies to reduce kidney fibrosis in different models of experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, in all of these studies, the administration of metformin was initiated before the establishment of renal disease, which is a condition that does not typically occur in clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of metformin could arrest the progression of established renal disease in a well-recognized model of CKD, the subtotal kidney nephrectomy (Nx) model. Adult male Munich-Wistar rats underwent either Nx or sham operations. After the surgery (30 days), Nx rats that had systolic blood pressures of >170 mmHg and albuminuria levels of >40 mg/24 h were randomized to a no-treatment condition or to a treatment condition with metformin (300 mg·kg−1·day−1) for a period of either 60 or 120 days. After 60 days of treatment, we did not observe any differences in kidney disease parameters between Nx metformin-treated and untreated rats. However, after 120 days, Nx rats that had been treated with metformin displayed significant reductions in albuminuria levels and in markers of renal fibrosis. These effects were independent of any other effects on blood pressure or glycemia. In addition, treatment with metformin was also able to activate kidney AMPK and therefore improve mitochondrial biogenesis. It was concluded that metformin can arrest the progression of established kidney disease in the Nx model, likely via the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Borges
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M. A. C. Malheiros
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Ferreira de Ávila
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pedrom Formigari
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B. Lopes de Faria
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Opazo-Ríos L, Mas S, Marín-Royo G, Mezzano S, Gómez-Guerrero C, Moreno JA, Egido J. Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2632. [PMID: 32290082 PMCID: PMC7177360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
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Sirt6 opposes glycochenodeoxycholate-induced apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells through the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:43. [PMID: 32206298 PMCID: PMC7083051 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Induction of biliary epithelial cell apoptosis by toxic bile acids is involved in the development of cholestatic disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in Sirt6 protection against the apoptosis of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBEC) induced by the bile acid glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC). Results Sirt6 was either overexpressed or knocked down in HiBEC, with or without GCDC pretreatment. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability and, Hoechst 33258 staining was used to determine apoptotic rate. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected to evaluate the severity of the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α, Nrf1, and Nrf2 were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The results showed that Sirt6 opposed GCDC-induced apoptosis in HiBEC via up-regulating PGC-1α expression and stabilizing mtDNA. We used agonists and inhibitors of AMPK to demonstrate that Sirt6 increased PGC-1α expression through the AMPK pathway whereas GCDC had the opposite effect. Finally, western blot, luciferase assay, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to describe a direct interaction and acetylation modification of PGC-1α by Sirt6. Conclusion Our data illuminated that Sirt6 ameliorated GCDC-induced HiBEC apoptosis by upregulating PGC-1α expression through the AMPK pathway and its deacetylation effect.
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Vallon V. Glucose transporters in the kidney in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1345-1370. [PMID: 32144488 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys filter large amounts of glucose. To prevent the loss of this valuable fuel, the tubular system of the kidney, particularly the proximal tubule, has been programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose. The machinery involves the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 on the apical membrane and the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 on the basolateral membrane. The proximal tubule also generates new glucose, particularly in the post-absorptive phase but also to enhance bicarbonate formation and maintain acid-base balance. The glucose reabsorbed or formed by the proximal tubule is primarily taken up into peritubular capillaries and returned to the systemic circulation or provided as an energy source to further distal tubular segments that take up glucose by basolateral GLUT1. Recent studies provided insights on the coordination of renal glucose reabsorption, formation, and usage. Moreover, a better understanding of renal glucose transport in disease states is emerging. This includes the kidney in diabetes mellitus, when renal glucose retention becomes maladaptive and contributes to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, enhanced glucose reabsorption is coupled to sodium retention through the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2, which induces secondary deleterious effects. As a consequence, SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing. Recent studies discovered unique roles for SGLT1 with implications in acute kidney injury and glucose sensing at the macula densa. This review discusses established and emerging concepts of renal glucose transport, and outlines the need for a better understanding of renal glucose handling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Nespoux J, Patel R, Zhang H, Huang W, Freeman B, Sanders PW, Kim YC, Vallon V. Gene knockout of the Na +-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 in a murine model of acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1100-F1112. [PMID: 32116018 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00607.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early proximal tubule, Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) mediates the bulk of renal glucose reabsorption. Gene deletion in mice (Sglt2-/-) was used to determine the role of SGLT2 in acute kidney injury induced by bilateral ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In Sglt2-/- and littermate wild-type mice, plasma creatinine increased similarly on day 1 after IR. This was associated with an equal increase in both genotypes in the urinary kidney injury molecule-1-to-creatinine ratio, a tubular injury marker, and similarly reduced urine osmolality and increased plasma osmolality, indicating impaired urine concentration. In both IR groups, FITC-sinistrin glomerular filtration rate was equally reduced on day 14, and plasma creatinine was similarly and incompletely restored on day 23. In Sglt2-/- mice subjected to IR, fractional urinary glucose excretion was increased on day 1 but reduced and associated with normal renal Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (Sglt1) mRNA expression on day 23, suggesting temporary SGLT1 suppression. In wild-type mice subjected to IR, renal Sglt1 mRNA was likewise normal on day 23, whereas Sglt2 mRNA was reduced by 57%. In both genotypes, IR equally reduced urine osmolality and renal mRNA expression of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and renin on day 23, suggesting thick ascending limb dysfunction, and similarly increased renal mRNA expression of markers of injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis (kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β1, NADPH oxidase-2, and collagen type 1). This was associated with equal increases in kidney histological damage scores and similar degree of capillary loss in both genotypes. The data indicate that genetic deletion of SGLT2 did not protect the kidneys in the initial injury phase or the subsequent recovery phase in a mouse model of IR-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Nespoux
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Rohit Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Winnie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Brent Freeman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Departments of Medicine, Cell, and Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California
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The effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus induced-acute kidney injury on PGC-1α gene expression: From induction to suppression in mice. Toxicon 2019; 174:57-63. [PMID: 31887316 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation induces acute kidney injury (AKI) through hemoglubinoria and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria supports ATP production to promote the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondrial homeostasis in different metabolic environments can be adjusted by overexpression of PGC-1α. High reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after H. lepturus envenomation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression causes ATP depletion as well as mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, which lead to progression in renal diseases. The present study aims to evaluate the role of venom induced-AKI in modulating mitochondrial function in cell death and metabolic signaling associated with PPAR-α, PGC-1α, and Nrf-2 as the main transcription factors involved in metabolism. Based on the data, two significant events occurred after envenomation: reduction of gl glutathione level and overexpression of the cytoprotective enzyme HO-1. Apaoptosis induction is associated with a significant decrease in the transcription of PPAR-α, PGC-1α and Nrf-2 after administrating lethal dose of venom (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, at the lower doses of venom (1 and 5 mg/kg), with a significant recovery accompanied with PGC-1α upregulation occurs after AKI. As the findings indicate, PGC-1α has a key role in restoring the mitochondrial function at the recovery phase of mouse model of AKI, which highlights the PGC-1α as a therapeutic target for venom induced-AKI prevention and treatment.
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Fierro-Fernández M, Miguel V, Márquez-Expósito L, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Herrero JI, Blanco-Ruiz E, Tituaña J, Castillo C, Cannata P, Monsalve M, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ramos R, Lamas S. MiR-9-5p protects from kidney fibrosis by metabolic reprogramming. FASEB J 2019; 34:410-431. [PMID: 31914684 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901599rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and control biological processes (BPs), including fibrogenesis. Kidney fibrosis remains a clinical challenge and miRNAs may represent a valid therapeutic avenue. We show that miR-9-5p protected from renal fibrosis in the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). This was reflected in reduced expression of pro-fibrotic markers, decreased number of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, and diminished tubular epithelial cell injury and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-dependent de-differentiation in human kidney proximal tubular (HKC-8) cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) studies in the UUO model revealed that treatment with miR-9-5p prevented the downregulation of genes related to key metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and glycolysis. Studies in human tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that miR-9-5p impeded TGF-β1-induced bioenergetics derangement. The expression of the FAO-related axis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was reduced by UUO, although preserved by the administration of miR-9-5p. We found that in mice null for the mitochondrial master regulator PGC-1α, miR-9-5p was unable to promote a protective effect in the UUO model. We propose that miR-9-5p elicits a protective response to chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis by inducing reprogramming of the metabolic derangement and mitochondrial dysfunction affecting tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fierro-Fernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Herrero
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Blanco-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Tituaña
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Cannata
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Servicio de Genómica, Fundación Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Li S, Baiyun R, Lv Z, Li J, Han D, Zhao W, Yu L, Deng N, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Exploring the kidney hazard of exposure to mercuric chloride in mice:Disorder of mitochondrial dynamics induces oxidative stress and results in apoptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:822-829. [PMID: 31247492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one of the 10 toxic chemicals with major public health concerns. Continuous exposure to low levels of heavy metals including mercury is related to renal injury, especially in children. This study investigated the possible molecular mechanism of inorganic mercury-induced kidney injury. Twenty eight Kunming mice were divided into four groups (n = 7), and treated with 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/L mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in drinking water for 16 weeks respectively. All the HgCl2 exposure mice displayed different degrees of renal injury, which was diagnosed by hematoxylin and eosin stain, biochemical analysis, and ultrastructure examination. The treatment of HgCl2 inhibited the silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (Sirt1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway and resulted the disorder of mitochondrial dynamics, as evidenced by the increasing expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and decreasing expression of mitofusin 2. Meanwhile, HgCl2 inhibited the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis. The abnormality of mitochondrial dynamics and the suppression of Nrf2 axis exacerbated oxidative stress, and then induced cell apoptosis. These findings demonstrated that the disorder of mitochondrial dynamics induced by HgCl2 activated oxidative stress, and further resulted in renal apoptosis through inhibiting the Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and the Nrf2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruiqi Baiyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenyue Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lanjie Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China.
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50
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Jones DL, Haak AJ, Caporarello N, Choi KM, Ye Z, Yan H, Varelas X, Ordog T, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ. TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation requires persistent and targeted HDAC-mediated gene repression. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233486. [PMID: 31527052 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a chronic disease driven by persistent fibroblast activation that has recently been linked to epigenetic modifications. Here, we screened a small library of epigenetic small-molecule modulators to identify compounds capable of inhibiting or reversing TGFβ-mediated fibroblast activation. We identified pracinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, as a potent attenuator of lung fibroblast activation and confirmed its efficacy in patient-derived fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic lung tissue. Mechanistically, we found that HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression was an early and essential event in TGFβ-mediated fibroblast activation. Treatment of lung fibroblasts with pracinostat broadly attenuated TGFβ-mediated epigenetic repression and promoted fibroblast quiescence. We confirmed a specific role for HDAC-dependent histone deacetylation in the promoter region of the anti-fibrotic gene PPARGC1A (PGC1α) in response to TGFβ stimulation. Finally, we identified HDAC7 as a key factor whose siRNA-mediated knockdown attenuates fibroblast activation without altering global histone acetylation. Together, these results provide novel mechanistic insight into the essential role HDACs play in TGFβ-mediated fibroblast activation via targeted gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L Jones
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyoung M Choi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huihuang Yan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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