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Paulucio D, Ramirez-Sanchez C, Velasque R, Xavier R, Monnerat G, Dill A, Silveira J, Andrade GM, Meirelles F, Dornelas-Ribeiro M, Kirchner B, Pfaffl MW, Pompeu F, Santos CGM. Circulating miRNA Signaling for Fatty Acid Metabolism in Response to a Maximum Endurance Test in Elite Long-Distance Runners. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1088. [PMID: 39202447 PMCID: PMC11353293 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a determining indicator for cardiorespiratory capacity in endurance athletes, and epigenetics is crucial in its levels and variability. This initial study examined a broad plasma miRNA profile of twenty-three trained elite endurance athletes with similar training volumes but different VO2max in response to an acute maximal graded endurance test. Six were clustered as higher/lower levels based on their VO2max (75.4 ± 0.9 and 60.1 ± 5.0 mL.kg-1.min-1). Plasma was obtained from athletes before and after the test and 15 ng of total RNA was extracted and detected using an SYBR-based 1113 miRNA RT-qPCR panel. A total of 51 miRNAs were differentially expressed among group comparisons. Relative amounts of miRNA showed a clustering behavior among groups regarding distinct performance/time points. Significantly expressed miRNAs were used to perform functional bioinformatic analysis (DIANA tools). Fatty acid metabolism pathways were strongly targeted for the significantly different miRNAs in all performance groups and time points (p < 0.001). Although this pathway does not solely determine endurance performance, their significant contribution is certainly achieved through the involvement of miRNAs. A highly genetically dependent gold standard variable for performance evaluation in a homogeneous group of elite athletes allowed genetic/epigenetic aspects related to fatty acid pathways to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailson Paulucio
- Biometrics Laboratory (LADEBIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (D.P.)
| | - Carlos Ramirez-Sanchez
- Biometrics Laboratory (LADEBIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (D.P.)
| | - Rodolfo Velasque
- Biometrics Laboratory (LADEBIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (D.P.)
| | - Raphael Xavier
- Biometrics Laboratory (LADEBIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (D.P.)
| | - Gustavo Monnerat
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Dill
- Brazilian Army Institute of Biology, Research, Teaching and Research Division, Rio de Janeiro 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Juliano Silveira
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M. Andrade
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Flavio Meirelles
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dornelas-Ribeiro
- Brazilian Army Institute of Biology, Research, Teaching and Research Division, Rio de Janeiro 20911-270, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fernando Pompeu
- Biometrics Laboratory (LADEBIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (D.P.)
| | - Caleb G. M. Santos
- Brazilian Army Institute of Biology, Research, Teaching and Research Division, Rio de Janeiro 20911-270, Brazil
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Seco-Cervera M, Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Pallardo FV, García-Giménez JL, Aulinas A, Martel-Duguech L, Webb SM, Valassi E. Circulating miR-28-5p is overexpressed in patients with sarcopenia despite long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome: a pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1410080. [PMID: 39086897 PMCID: PMC11289718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1410080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) in remission show sustained fatigue, myopathy, and an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. The mechanisms that determine these persistent muscle problems are not well known. We aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) with differential expression that could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis in CS. Patients and methods Thirty-six women in sustained remission for 13 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) from CS, with a median age (IQ range) of 51 (45.2-60) years and mean ± SD BMI of 27 ± 4 Kg/m2, and 36 matched healthy controls were investigated. In 7 patients sarcopenia was present according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria. Small RNA libraries were generated and indexed using a modified Illumina TruSeq small RNA-sequencing protocol. MiRNAs were identified in plasma using bioinformatic analysis, and validation was carried out using RT-qPCR. For the validation, Taqman probes were performed on QuantStudio 5 equipment (Applied Biosystems). Results In a first discovery group using RNA-sequencing, plasma samples of 18 CS patients and 18 healthy subjects were investigated; circulating miR-28-5p, miR-495-3p and miR-654-5p were upregulated in CS patients as compared with controls (p<0.05). In a validation study of the 3 upregulated miRNAs in 36 patients and 26 controls, no differences were observed by RT-qPCR; however, the expression of circulating miR-28-5p was upregulated in CS patients with sarcopenia as compared with those without (AUC for fold-change in the ROC analysis, 0.798; p=0.0156). The optimized cut-off value for miR-28-5p to identify CS patients with sarcopenia was 3.80, which yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 69%. Conclusion MiR-28-5p, a muscle-specific microRNA involved in myotube proliferation and differentiation in vivo, may serve as an independent non-invasive biomarker for identifying CS patients at high-risk of sarcopenia despite biochemical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seco-Cervera
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Federico V. Pallardo
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Luis García-Giménez
- Unit 733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases [CIBERER- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)], Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for rare diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Luciana Martel-Duguech
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- CIBERER Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Halle JL, Counts BR, Zhang Q, James KM, Puppa MJ, Alway SE, Carson JA. Mouse skeletal muscle adaptations to different durations of treadmill exercise after the cessation of FOLFOX chemotherapy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1283674. [PMID: 38028800 PMCID: PMC10648895 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1283674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) chemotherapy is a treatment for colorectal cancer that can induce persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction. Regular exercise after chemotherapy cessation is widely recommended for cancer patients and has been shown to improve fatigue resistance in mice. However, gaps remain in understanding whether the early systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to regular exercise are altered by prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, the effects of exercise duration on early metabolic and skeletal muscle transcriptional adaptations are not fully established. Purpose: Investigate the effects of prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment on the early adaptations to repeated short- or long-duration treadmill exercise, including the fasting regulation of circulating metabolic regulators, skeletal muscle COXIV activity and myokine/exerkine gene expression in male mice. Methods: Male C57BL6/J mice completed 4 cycles of FOLFOX or PBS and were allowed to recover for 4-weeks. Subsets of mice performed 14 sessions (6 d/wk, 18 m/min, 5% grade) of short- (10 min/d) or long-duration (55 min/d) treadmill exercise. Blood plasma and muscle tissues were collected 48-72 h after the last exercise bout for biochemical analyses. Results: Long-duration exercise increased fasting plasma osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6 in healthy PBS mice, and these changes were ablated by prior FOLFOX treatment. Slow-oxidative soleus muscle COXIV activity increased in response to long-duration exercise in PBS mice, which was blocked by prior FOLFOX treatment. Fast-glycolytic plantaris muscle COXIV activity increased with short-duration exercise independent of FOLFOX administration. There was a main effect for long-duration exercise to increase fasting muscle IL-6 and COXIV mRNA expression independent of FOLFOX. FOLFOX administration reduced muscle IL-6, LIF, and BDNF mRNA expression irrespective of long-duration exercise. Interestingly, short-duration exercise suppressed the FOLXOX induction of muscle myostatin mRNA expression. Conclusion: FOLFOX attenuated early exercise adaptations related to fasting circulating osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6. However, prior FOLFOX treatment did not alter the exercise adaptations of plantaris muscle COXIV activity and plasma adiponectin. An improved understanding of mechanisms underlying exercise adaptations after chemotherapy will provide the basis for successfully treating fatigue and metabolic dysfunction in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Halle
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kylie M. James
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Melissa J. Puppa
- The University of Memphis, College of Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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5
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Han S, Wu Q, Wang M, Yang M, Sun C, Liang J, Guo X, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qiu X, Xie C, Chen S, Gao Y, Meng ZX. An integrative profiling of metabolome and transcriptome in the plasma and skeletal muscle following an exercise intervention in diet-induced obese mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad016. [PMID: 36882217 PMCID: PMC10576543 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can aid in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and prevent the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, the exercise-regulated pathways that prevent the development of T2DM remain largely unclear. In this study, two forms of exercise intervention, treadmill training and voluntary wheel running, were conducted for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We observed that both forms of exercise intervention alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Skeletal muscle is recognized as the primary site for postprandial glucose uptake and for responsive alteration beyond exercise training. Metabolomic profiling of the plasma and skeletal muscle in Chow, HFD, and HFD-exercise groups revealed robust alterations in metabolic pathways by exercise intervention in both cases. Overlapping analysis identified nine metabolites, including beta-alanine, leucine, valine, and tryptophan, which were reversed by exercise treatment in both the plasma and skeletal muscle. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles in the skeletal muscle revealed several key pathways involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic homeostasis. In addition, integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered strong correlations between the concentrations of bioactive metabolites and the expression levels of genes involved in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune response in the skeletal muscle. This work established two models of exercise intervention in obese mice and provided mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of exercise intervention on systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qingqian Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Miqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Iyer DR, Arige V, Ananthamohan K, Venkatasubramaniam S, Tokinoya K, Akoi K, Kurtz CL, Sethupathy P, Takekoshi K, Mahapatra NR. Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and microRNA miR-29b regulate renalase gene expression under catecholamine excess conditions. Life Sci 2023:121859. [PMID: 37315838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renalase, a key mediator of cross-talk between kidneys and sympathetic nervous system, exerts protective roles in various cardiovascular/renal disease states. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning renalase gene expression remain incompletely understood. Here, we sought to identify the key molecular regulators of renalase under basal/catecholamine-excess conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification of the core promoter domain of renalase was carried out by promoter-reporter assays in N2a/HEK-293/H9c2 cells. Computational analysis of the renalase core promoter domain, over-expression of cyclic-AMP-response-element-binding-protein (CREB)/dominant negative mutant of CREB, ChIP assays were performed to determine the role of CREB in transcription regulation. Role of the miR-29b-mediated-suppression of renalase was validated in-vivo by using locked-nucleic-acid-inhibitors of miR-29. qRT-PCR and Western-blot analyses measured the expression of renalase, CREB, miR-29b and normalization controls in cell lysates/ tissue samples under basal/epinephrine-treated conditions. KEY FINDINGS CREB, a downstream effector in epinephrine signaling, activated renalase expression via its binding to the renalase-promoter. Physiological doses of epinephrine and isoproteronol enhanced renalase-promoter activity and endogenous renalase protein level while propranolol diminished the promoter activity and endogenous renalase protein level indicating a potential role of beta-adrenergic receptor in renalase gene regulation. Multiple animal models (acute exercise, genetically hypertensive/stroke-prone mice/rat) displayed directionally-concordant expression of CREB and renalase. Administration of miR-29b inhibitor in mice upregulated endogenous renalase expression. Moreover, epinephrine treatment down-regulated miR-29b promoter-activity/transcript levels. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence for renalase gene regulation by concomitant transcriptional activation via CREB and post-transcriptional attenuation via miR-29b under excess epinephrine conditions. These findings have implications for disease states with dysregulated catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya R Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Venkatasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kai Akoi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - C Lisa Kurtz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Stokes T, Cen HH, Kapranov P, Gallagher IJ, Pitsillides AA, Volmar C, Kraus WE, Johnson JD, Phillips SM, Wahlestedt C, Timmons JA. Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200024. [PMID: 37288167 PMCID: PMC10242409 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the human genome empowers translational medicine, facilitating transcriptome-wide molecular diagnosis, pathway biology, and drug repositioning. Initially, microarrays are used to study the bulk transcriptome; but now short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) predominates. Positioned as a superior technology, that makes the discovery of novel transcripts routine, most RNA-seq analyses are in fact modeled on the known transcriptome. Limitations of the RNA-seq methodology have emerged, while the design of, and the analysis strategies applied to, arrays have matured. An equitable comparison between these technologies is provided, highlighting advantages that modern arrays hold over RNA-seq. Array protocols more accurately quantify constitutively expressed protein coding genes across tissue replicates, and are more reliable for studying lower expressed genes. Arrays reveal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are neither sparsely nor lower expressed than protein coding genes. Heterogeneous coverage of constitutively expressed genes observed with RNA-seq, undermines the validity and reproducibility of pathway analyses. The factors driving these observations, many of which are relevant to long-read or single-cell sequencing are discussed. As proposed herein, a reappreciation of bulk transcriptomic methods is required, including wider use of the modern high-density array data-to urgently revise existing anatomical RNA reference atlases and assist with more accurate study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Stokes
- Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonL8S 4L8Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH11 4BNUK
| | | | | | | | - James D. Johnson
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | | | - James A. Timmons
- Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33136USA
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
- Augur Precision Medicine LTDStirlingFK9 5NFUK
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8
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Grieb A, Schmitt A, Fragasso A, Widmann M, Mattioni Maturana F, Burgstahler C, Erz G, Schellhorn P, Nieß AM, Munz B. Skeletal Muscle MicroRNA Patterns in Response to a Single Bout of Exercise in Females: Biomarkers for Subsequent Training Adaptation? Biomolecules 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37371465 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) have been proposed as a promising new class of biomarkers in the context of training adaptation. Using microarray analysis, we studied skeletal muscle miR patterns in sedentary young healthy females (n = 6) before and after a single submaximal bout of endurance exercise ('reference training'). Subsequently, participants were subjected to a structured training program, consisting of six weeks of moderate-intensity continuous endurance training (MICT) and six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in randomized order. In vastus lateralis muscle, we found significant downregulation of myomiRs, specifically miR-1, 133a-3p, and -5p, -133b, and -499a-5p. Similarly, exercise-associated miRs-23a-3p, -378a-5p, -128-3p, -21-5p, -107, -27a-3p, -126-3p, and -152-3p were significantly downregulated, whereas miR-23a-5p was upregulated. Furthermore, in an untargeted approach for differential expression in response to acute exercise, we identified n = 35 miRs that were downregulated and n = 20 miRs that were upregulated by factor 4.5 or more. Remarkably, KEGG pathway analysis indicated central involvement of this set of miRs in fatty acid metabolism. To reproduce these data in a larger cohort of all-female subjects (n = 29), qPCR analysis was carried out on n = 15 miRs selected from the microarray, which confirmed their differential expression. Furthermore, the acute response, i.e., the difference between miR concentrations before and after the reference training, was correlated with changes in maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in response to the training program. Here, we found that miRs-199a-3p and -19b-3p might be suitable acute-response candidates that correlate with individual degrees of training adaptation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grieb
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Widmann
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Brashears CB, Prudner BC, Rathore R, Caldwell KE, Dehner CA, Buchanan JL, Lange SE, Poulin N, Sehn JK, Roszik J, Spitzer D, Jones KB, O'Keefe R, Nielsen TO, Taylor EB, Held JM, Hawkins W, Van Tine BA. Malic Enzyme 1 Absence in Synovial Sarcoma Shifts Antioxidant System Dependence and Increases Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Induction with ACXT-3102. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3573-3589. [PMID: 35421237 PMCID: PMC9378556 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the metabolism of synovial sarcoma (SS) and elucidate the effect of malic enzyme 1 absence on SS redox homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ME1 expression was measured in SS clinical samples, SS cell lines, and tumors from an SS mouse model. The effect of ME1 absence on glucose metabolism was evaluated utilizing Seahorse assays, metabolomics, and C13 tracings. The impact of ME1 absence on SS redox homeostasis was evaluated by metabolomics, cell death assays with inhibitors of antioxidant systems, and measurements of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The susceptibility of ME1-null SS to ferroptosis induction was interrogated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ME1 absence in SS was confirmed in clinical samples, SS cell lines, and an SS tumor model. Investigation of SS glucose metabolism revealed that ME1-null cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and higher flux of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is necessary to produce NADPH. Evaluation of cellular redox homeostasis demonstrated that ME1 absence shifts dependence from the glutathione system to the thioredoxin system. Concomitantly, ME1 absence drives the accumulation of ROS and labile iron. ROS and iron accumulation enhances the susceptibility of ME1-null cells to ferroptosis induction with inhibitors of xCT (erastin and ACXT-3102). In vivo xenograft models of ME1-null SS demonstrate significantly increased tumor response to ACXT-3102 compared with ME1-expressing controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the translational potential of targeting redox homeostasis in ME1-null cancers and establish the preclinical rationale for a phase I trial of ACXT-3102 in SS patients. See related commentary by Subbiah and Gan, p. 3408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn B. Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bethany C. Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katharine E. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane L. Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara E.S. Lange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neal Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer K. Sehn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Regis O'Keefe
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M. Held
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Author: Brian A. Van Tine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-3096: E-mail:
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10
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Qi JY, Yang LK, Wang XS, Wang M, Li XB, Feng B, Wu YM, Zhang K, Liu SB. Irisin: A promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 2022; 498:289-299. [PMID: 35872251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on human brain function have been demonstrated in previous studies. Myokines secreted by muscle have attracted increasing attention because of their bridging role between exercise and brain health. Regulated by PPARγ coactivator 1α, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 releases irisin after proteolytic cleavage. Irisin, a type of myokine, is secreted during exercise, which induces white adipose tissue browning and relates to energy metabolism. Recently, irisin has been shown to exert a protective effect on the central nervous system. Irisin secretion triggers an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus, contributing to the amelioration of cognition impairments. Irisin also plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, growth, and development of neurons. This review summarizes the role of irisin in neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders. As a novel positive mediator of exercise in the brain, irisin may effectively prevent or decelerate the progress of neurodegenerative diseases in models and also improve cognitive functions. We place emphasis herein on the potential of irisin for prevention rather than treatment in neurodegenerative diseases. In ischemic diseases, irisin can alleviate the pathophysiological processes associated with stroke. Meanwhile, irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. The potential therapeutic effects of irisin in epilepsy and pain have been initially revealed. Due to the pleiotropic and beneficial properties of irisin, the possibility of irisin treating other neurological diseases could be gradually explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liu-Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xu-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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11
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Raleigh SM, Kelaiditi E, Hill M. Altered mitochondrial microenvironment at the spotlight of musculoskeletal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11290. [PMID: 35788655 PMCID: PMC9253146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset with musculoskeletal aging via a muscle-brain crosstalk mediated by dysregulation of the mitochondrial microenvironment. This study investigated gene expression profiles from skeletal muscle tissues of older healthy adults to identify potential gene biomarkers whose dysregulated expression and protein interactome were involved in AD. Screening of the literature resulted in 12 relevant microarray datasets (GSE25941, GSE28392, GSE28422, GSE47881, GSE47969, GSE59880) in musculoskeletal aging and (GSE4757, GSE5281, GSE16759, GSE28146, GSE48350, GSE84422) in AD. Retrieved differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct two unique protein-protein interaction networks and clustering gene modules were identified. Overlapping module DEGs in the musculoskeletal aging and AD networks were ranked based on 11 topological algorithms and the five highest-ranked ones were considered as hub genes. The analysis revealed that the dysregulated expression of the mitochondrial microenvironment genes, NDUFAB1, UQCRC1, UQCRFS1, NDUFS3, and MRPL15, overlapped between both musculoskeletal aging and AD networks. Thus, these genes may have a potential role as markers of AD occurrence in musculoskeletal aging. Human studies are warranted to evaluate the functional role and prognostic value of these genes in aging populations with sarcopenia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK. .,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Medicine Research Group, Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Eirini Kelaiditi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Mathew Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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12
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Stefanowicz M, Nikołajuk A, Matulewicz N, Strączkowski M, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Skeletal muscle RUNX1 is related to insulin sensitivity through its effect on myogenic potential. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:143-157. [PMID: 35521787 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is the major site of insulin action. There are limited data on the relationship between insulin action and skeletal muscle myogenic/regenerative potential. RUNX1 is a transcription factor which plays a role in muscle development and regeneration. The aim of our study was to assess the role of skeletal muscle myogenic/regenerative potential in the development of insulin resistance through the studies on RUNX1 transcription factor. DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional study. Experimental part with myoblast cell line culture. METHODS We examined 41 young healthy volunteers, 21 normal weight and 20 with overweight or obesity. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy were performed. In L6 myoblast and human skeletal muscle myoblasts (hSkMM) cell cultures, RUNX1 was silenced at two stages of development. Cell growth, the expression of markers of myogenesis, nuclei fusion index, Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake were measured. RESULTS Skeletal muscle RUNX1 expression was decreased in overweight/obese individuals in comparison with normal-weight individuals and was positively related to insulin sensitivity, independently of BMI. Runx1 loss-of-function at the stage of myoblast inhibited myoblast proliferation and differentiation and reduced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In contrast, Runx1 knockdown in myotubes did not affect Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake and other parameters studied. CONCLUSIONS Myogenic/regenerative potential of adult skeletal muscle may be an important determinant of insulin action. Our data suggest that muscle RUNX1 may play a role in the modulation of insulin action through its effect on myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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13
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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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14
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Widmann M, Mattioni Maturana F, Burgstahler C, Erz G, Schellhorn P, Fragasso A, Schmitt A, Nieß AM, Munz B. miRNAs as markers for the development of individualized training regimens: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15217. [PMID: 35274816 PMCID: PMC8915711 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, non‐coding RNAs (microRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression in response to exercise in various tissues and organs, thus possibly coordinating their adaptive response. Thus, it is likely that differential microRNA expression might be one of the factors that are responsible for different training responses of different individuals. Consequently, determining microRNA patterns might be a promising approach toward the development of individualized training strategies. However, little is known on (1) microRNA patterns and their regulation by different exercise regimens and (2) possible correlations between these patterns and individual training adaptation. Here, we present microarray data on skeletal muscle microRNA patterns in six young, female subjects before and after six weeks of either moderate‐intensity continuous or high‐intensity interval training on a bicycle ergometer. Our data show that n = 36 different microRNA species were regulated more than twofold in this cohort (n = 28 upregulated and n = 8 downregulated). In addition, we correlated baseline microRNA patterns with individual changes in VO2max and identified some specific microRNAs that might be promising candidates for further testing and evaluation in the future, which might eventually lead to the establishment of microRNA marker panels that will allow individual recommendations for specific exercise regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Widmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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16
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Dowling L, Duseja A, Vilaca T, Walsh JS, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:68-85. [PMID: 34984856 PMCID: PMC8818592 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported separately in people with obesity and sarcopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. However, this has not been explored to date. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs reported in serum, plasma, and skeletal muscle of people with obesity and sarcopenia and whether there are any commonalities between these conditions. We performed a systematic review on Embase and MEDLINE (PROSPERO, CRD42020224486) for differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5 or P-value <0.05) in (i) sarcopenia or frailty and (ii) obesity or metabolic syndrome. The functions and targets of miRNAs commonly changed in both conditions, in the same direction, were searched using PubMed. Following deduplication, 247 obesity and 42 sarcopenia studies were identified for full-text screening. Screening identified 36 obesity and 6 sarcopenia studies for final inclusion. A total of 351 miRNAs were identified in obesity and 157 in sarcopenia. Fifty-five miRNAs were identified in both obesity and sarcopenia-by sample type, 48 were found in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified from 10 of the included studies as commonly changed in the same direction (22 in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle) in obesity and sarcopenia. The majority of miRNA-validated targets identified in the literature search were members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. The most common targets identified were insulin-like growth factor 1 (miR-424-5p, miR-483-3p, and miR-18b-5p) and members of the SMAD family (miR-483-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-424-5p). The majority of commonly changed miRNAs were involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, determination of muscle fibre type, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified as commonly dysregulated in obesity and sarcopenia with functions and targets implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. Given the adverse health outcomes associated with sarcopenic obesity, understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to lead to effective screening, monitoring, or treatment strategies. Further research is now required to confirm whether these miRNAs are differentially expressed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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17
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Plaza-Diaz J, Izquierdo D, Torres-Martos Á, Baig AT, Aguilera CM, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ. Impact of Physical Activity and Exercise on the Epigenome in Skeletal Muscle and Effects on Systemic Metabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010126. [PMID: 35052805 PMCID: PMC8773693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
| | - David Izquierdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Torres-Martos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 85M, Canada
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz, Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
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18
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Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Capomaccio S, Beccati F, Palumbo AR, Tognoloni A, Pepe M, Chiaradia E. Circulating Transcriptional Profile Modulation in Response to Metabolic Unbalance Due to Long-Term Exercise in Equine Athletes: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121965. [PMID: 34946914 PMCID: PMC8701225 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been associated with the modulation of micro RNAs (miRNAs), actively released in body fluids and recognized as accurate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to measure serum miRNA profiles in 18 horses taking part in endurance competitions, which represents a good model to test metabolic responses to moderate intensity prolonged efforts. Serum levels of miRNAs of eight horses that were eliminated due to metabolic unbalance (Non Performer-NP) were compared to those of 10 horses that finished an endurance competition in excellent metabolic condition (Performer-P). Circulating miRNA (ci-miRNA) profiles in serum were analyzed through sequencing, and differential gene expression analysis was assessed comparing NP versus P groups. Target and pathway analysis revealed the up regulation of a set of miRNAs (of mir-211 mir-451, mir-106b, mir-15b, mir-101-1, mir-18a, mir-20a) involved in the modulation of myogenesis, cardiac and skeletal muscle remodeling, angiogenesis, ventricular contractility, and in the regulation of gene expression. Our preliminary data open new scenarios in the definition of metabolic adaptations to the establishment of efficient training programs and the validation of athletes’ elimination from competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0755857765
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosario Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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19
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Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665044. [PMID: 34819869 PMCID: PMC8606564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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20
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Bizjak DA, Zügel M, Treff G, Winkert K, Jerg A, Hudemann J, Mooren FC, Krüger K, Nieß A, Steinacker JM. Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212578. [PMID: 34830458 PMCID: PMC8674764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in skeletal muscle gene expression of highly trained endurance and strength athletes in comparison to untrained individuals at rest and in response to either an acute bout of endurance or strength exercise. Endurance (ET, n = 8, VO2max 67 ± 9 mL/kg/min) and strength athletes (ST, n = 8, 5.8 ± 3.0 training years) as well as untrained controls (E-UT and S-UT, each n = 8) performed an acute endurance or strength exercise test. One day before testing (Pre), 30 min (30'Post) and 3 h (180'Post) afterwards, a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the m. vastus lateralis. Skeletal muscle mRNA was isolated and analyzed by Affymetrix-microarray technology. Pathway analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of training status (trained vs. untrained) and exercise mode-specific (ET vs. ST) transcriptional responses. Differences in global skeletal muscle gene expression between trained and untrained were smaller compared to differences in exercise mode. Maximum differences between ET and ST were found between Pre and 180'Post. Pathway analyses showed increased expression of exercise-related genes, such as nuclear transcription factors (NR4A family), metabolism and vascularization (PGC1-α and VEGF-A), and muscle growth/structure (myostatin, IRS1/2 and HIF1-α. The most upregulated genes in response to acute endurance or strength exercise were the NR4A genes (NR4A1, NR4A2, NR4A3). The mode of acute exercise had a significant effect on transcriptional regulation Pre vs. 180'Post. In contrast, the effect of training status on human skeletal muscle gene expression profiles was negligible compared to strength or endurance specialization. The highest variability in gene expression, especially for the NR4A-family, was observed in trained individuals at 180'Post. Assessment of these receptors might be suitable to obtain a deeper understanding of skeletal muscle adaptive processes to develop optimized training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bizjak
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-73150045368; Fax: +49-73150045301
| | - Martina Zügel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Gunnar Treff
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Kay Winkert
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Achim Jerg
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jens Hudemann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (A.N.)
| | - Frank C. Mooren
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (A.N.)
| | - Jürgen M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.Z.); (G.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.M.S.)
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21
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Nair VD, Vasoya M, Nair V, Smith GR, Pincas H, Ge Y, Douglas CM, Esser KA, Sealfon SC. Differential analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles identifies cis-regulatory elements in rat adipose and muscle. Genomics 2021; 113:3827-3841. [PMID: 34547403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility is a key factor influencing gene expression. We optimized the Omni-ATAC-seq protocol and used it together with RNA-seq to investigate cis-regulatory elements in rat white adipose and skeletal muscle, two tissues with contrasting metabolic functions. While promoter accessibility correlated with RNA expression, integration of the two datasets identified tissue-specific differentially accessible regions (DARs) that predominantly localized in intergenic and intron regions. DARs were mapped to differentially expressed (DE) genes enriched in distinct biological processes in each tissue. Randomly selected DE genes were validated by qPCR. Top enriched motifs in DARs predicted binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) showing tissue-specific up-regulation. The correlation between differential chromatin accessibility at a given TF binding motif and differential expression of target genes further supported the functional relevance of that motif. Our study identified cis-regulatory regions that likely play a major role in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in adipose and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Department of Computer Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Collin M Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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23
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Archacka K, Ciemerych MA, Florkowska A, Romanczuk K. Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators of Myogenesis and Postexercise Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111568. [PMID: 34768999 PMCID: PMC8583994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs and lncRNAs do not encode proteins, but they play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. They differ in length, biogenesis, and mode of action. In this work, we focus on the selected miRNAs and lncRNAs involved in the regulation of myogenesis and muscle regeneration. We present selected miRNAs and lncRNAs that have been shown to control myogenic differentiation and show that manipulation of their levels could be used to improve myogenic differentiation of various types of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, we discuss how physical activity affects miRNA and lncRNA expression and how it affects muscle well-being.
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24
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Massart J, Sjögren RJO, Egan B, Garde C, Lindgren M, Gu W, Ferreira DMS, Katayama M, Ruas JL, Barrès R, O'Gorman DJ, Zierath JR, Krook A. Endurance exercise training-responsive miR-19b-3p improves skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5948. [PMID: 34642330 PMCID: PMC8511155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue and remodels in response to exercise training. Using short RNA sequencing, we determine the miRNA profile of skeletal muscle from healthy male volunteers before and after a 14-day aerobic exercise training regime. Among the exercise training-responsive miRNAs identified, miR-19b-3p was selected for further validation. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in human skeletal muscle cells increases insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and maximal oxygen consumption, recapitulating the adaptive response to aerobic exercise training. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle enhances contraction-induced glucose uptake, indicating that miR-19b-3p exerts control on exercise training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle. Potential targets of miR-19b-3p that are reduced after aerobic exercise training include KIF13A, MAPK6, RNF11, and VPS37A. Amongst these, RNF11 silencing potentiates glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, we identify miR-19b-3p as an aerobic exercise training-induced miRNA that regulates skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus J O Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendan Egan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Garde
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Lindgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weifeng Gu
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mutsumi Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Hool LC. Unravelling the mysteries of mitochondria in health and disease. J Physiol 2021; 599:3447-3448. [PMID: 34263447 DOI: 10.1113/jp281833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Agostini S, Mancuso R, Costa AS, Guerini FR, Trecate F, Miglioli R, Menna E, Arosio B, Clerici M. Sarcopenia associates with SNAP-25 SNPs and a miRNAs profile which is modulated by structured rehabilitation treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:315. [PMID: 34289870 PMCID: PMC8296538 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and strength causing disability, morbidity, and mortality in older adults, which is characterized by alterations of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). SNAP-25 is essential for the maintenance of NMJ integrity, and the expression of this protein was shown to be modulated by the SNAP-25 rs363050 polymorphism and by a number of miRNAs. METHODS We analysed these parameters in a cohort of sarcopenic patients undergoing structured rehabilitation. The rs363050 genotype frequency distribution was analyzed in 177 sarcopenic patients and 181 healthy controls (HC). The concentration of seven miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p), identified by mouse brain miRNome analysis to be differentially expressed in wild type compared to SNAP-25± heterozygous mice, was analyzed as well by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in a subgroup of severe sarcopenic patients undergoing rehabilitation. RESULTS The SNAP-25 rs363050 AA genotype was significantly more common in sarcopenic patients compared to HC (pc = 0.01); miR-451a was significantly up-regulated in these patients before rehabilitation. Rehabilitation modified miRNAs expression, as miR-155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p expression was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.01), whereas that of miR-495-3p was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by rehabilitation. Notably, rehabilitation-associated improvement of the muscle-skeletal SPPB score was significantly associated with the reduction of miR-451a expression. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis of a role for SNAP-25 in sarcopenia and suggest SNAP-25-associated miRNAs as circulatory biomarkers of rehabilitative outcome for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Agostini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saul Costa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Trecate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglioli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - the SA. M. B. A. project
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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27
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Philp AM, Saner NJ, Lazarou M, Ganley IG, Philp A. The influence of aerobic exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3463-3476. [PMID: 33369731 DOI: 10.1113/jp279411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, intricately designed to meet cellular energy requirements. To accommodate alterations in energy demand, mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity, changing in response to transient activation of numerous stress-related pathways. This adaptive response is particularly relevant in highly metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, where mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth and regeneration. Aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus for skeletal muscle remodelling, leading to alterations in substrate utilisation, fibre-type composition and performance. Underlying these physiological responses is a change in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing the co-ordination of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodelling (dynamics) and degradation (mitophagy) pathways. Understanding of MQC in skeletal muscle and the regulatory role of aerobic exercise of this process are rapidly advancing, as are the molecular techniques allowing the study of MQC in vivo. Given the emerging link between MQC and the onset of numerous non-communicable diseases, understanding the molecular regulation of MQC, and the role of aerobic exercise in this process, will have substantial future impact on therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC and maintain mitochondrial function across health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Ganley
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
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28
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Endo Y, Zhang Y, Olumi S, Karvar M, Argawal S, Neppl RL, Sinha I. Exercise-induced gene expression changes in skeletal muscle of old mice. Genomics 2021; 113:2965-2976. [PMID: 34214629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is believed to be beneficial for skeletal muscle functions across all ages. Regimented exercise is often prescribed as an effective treatment/prophylaxis for age-related loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and plays an important role in the maintenance of mobility and functional independence in the elderly. However, response to exercise declines with aging, resulting in limited gain of muscle strength and endurance. These changes likely reflect age-dependent alterations in transcriptional response underlying the muscular adaptation to exercise. The exact changes in gene expression accompanying exercise, however, are largely unknown, and elucidating them is of a great clinical interest for understanding and optimizing the exercise-based therapies for sarcopenia. In order to characterize the exercise-induced transcriptomic changes in aged muscle, a paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on rRNA-depleted total RNA extracted from the gastrocnemius muscles of 24 months-old mice after 8 weeks of regimented exercise (exercise group) or no formal exercise program (sedentary group). Differential gene expression analysis of aged skeletal muscle revealed upregulations in the group of genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroexcitation, as well as equally notable absence of anabolic gene upregulations in the exercise group. In particular, genes encoding the transporters and receptor components of glutaminergic transmission were significantly upregulated in exercised muscles, as exemplified by Gria 1, Gria 2 and Grin2c encoding glutamate receptor 1, 2 and 2C respectively, Grin1 and Grin2b encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), Nptx1 responsible for glutaminergic receptor clustering, and Slc1a2 and Slc17a7 regulating synaptic uptake of glutamate. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the post-synaptic density of NMDARs and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), as well as their innervation at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results suggest that neural responses predominate the adaptive response of aged skeletal muscle to exercise, and indicate a possibility that glutaminergic transmission at NMJs may be present and responsible for synaptic protection and neural remodeling accompanying the exercise-induced functional enhancement in aged skeletal muscle. In addition, the absence of upregulations in the anabolic pathways highlights them as the area of potential pharmacological targeting for optimizing exercise-led sarcopenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shayan Olumi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shailesh Argawal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Abstract
Since ancient times, the health benefits of regular physical activity/exercise have been recognized and the classic studies of Morris and Paffenbarger provided the epidemiological evidence in support of such an association. Cardiorespiratory fitness, often measured by maximal oxygen uptake, and habitual physical activity levels are inversely related to mortality. Thus, studies exploring the biological bases of the health benefits of exercise have largely focused on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle (mass and metabolism), although there is increasing evidence that multiple tissues and organ systems are influenced by regular exercise. Communication between contracting skeletal muscle and multiple organs has been implicated in exercise benefits, as indeed has other interorgan "cross-talk." The application of molecular biology techniques and "omics" approaches to questions in exercise biology has opened new lines of investigation to better understand the beneficial effects of exercise and, in so doing, inform the optimization of exercise regimens and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Time trajectories in the transcriptomic response to exercise - a meta-analysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3471. [PMID: 34108459 PMCID: PMC8190306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training prevents multiple diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive exercise adaptation are incompletely understood. To address this, we create a computational framework comprising data from skeletal muscle or blood from 43 studies, including 739 individuals before and after exercise or training. Using linear mixed effects meta-regression, we detect specific time patterns and regulatory modulators of the exercise response. Acute and long-term responses are transcriptionally distinct and we identify SMAD3 as a central regulator of the exercise response. Exercise induces a more pronounced inflammatory response in skeletal muscle of older individuals and our models reveal multiple sex-associated responses. We validate seven of our top genes in a separate human cohort. In this work, we provide a powerful resource (www.extrameta.org) that expands the transcriptional landscape of exercise adaptation by extending previously known responses and their regulatory networks, and identifying novel modality-, time-, age-, and sex-associated changes. Regular exercise promotes overall health and prevents non-communicable diseases, but the adaptation mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis to reveal time-specific patterns of the acute and long-term exercise response in human skeletal muscle, and identify sex- and age-specific changes.
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Carneiro A, Viana-Gomes D, Macedo-da-Silva J, Lima GHO, Mitri S, Alves SR, Kolliari-Turner A, Zanoteli E, Neto FRDA, Palmisano G, Pesquero JB, Moreira JC, Pereira MD. Risk factors and future directions for preventing and diagnosing exertional rhabdomyolysis. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:583-595. [PMID: 34193371 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exertional rhabdomyolysis may occur when an individual is subjected to strenuous physical exercise. It is occasionally associated with myoglobinuria (i.e. "cola-colored" urine) alongside muscle pain and weakness. The pathophysiology of exertional rhabdomyolysis involves striated muscle damage and the release of cellular components into extracellular fluid and bloodstream. This can cause acute renal failure, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmias and potentially death. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is observed in high-performance athletes who are subjected to intense, repetitive and/or prolonged exercise but is also observed in untrained individuals and highly trained or elite groups of military personnel. Several risk factors have been reported to increase the likelihood of the condition in athletes, including: viral infection, drug and alcohol abuse, exercise in intensely hot and humid environments, genetic polymorphisms (e.g. sickle cell trait and McArdle disease) and epigenetic modifications. This article reviews several of these risk factors and proposes screening protocols to identify individual susceptibility to exertional rhabdomyolysis as well as the relevance of proteomics for the evaluation of potential biomarkers of muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Carneiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Diretoria de Sistemas de Armas da Marinha, Marinha do Brazil, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil.
| | - Diego Viana-Gomes
- Departamento de Corridas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - Giscard Humberto Oliveira Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Simone Mitri
- Centro de Ecologia Humana e Saúde do Trabalhador, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | | | - Marcos Dias Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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32
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Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107980. [PMID: 32755574 PMCID: PMC7408494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading of skeletal muscle changes the tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates the identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. A within-person differential loading and analysis strategy reduces heterogeneity for changes in muscle mass by ∼40% and uses a genome-wide transcriptome method that models each mRNA from coding exons and 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). Our strategy detects ∼3-4 times more regulated genes than similarly sized studies, including substantial UTR-selective regulation undetected by other methods. We discover a core of 141 genes correlated to muscle growth, which we validate from newly analyzed independent samples (n = 100). Further validating these identified genes via RNAi in primary muscle cells, we demonstrate that members of the core genes were regulators of protein synthesis. Using proteome-constrained networks and pathway analysis reveals notable relationships with the molecular characteristics of human muscle aging and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential drug therapies.
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33
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Chapman MA, Arif M, Emanuelsson EB, Reitzner SM, Lindholm ME, Mardinoglu A, Sundberg CJ. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Comparison between Long-Term Trained and Untrained Men and Women. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107808. [PMID: 32579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the health benefits of lifelong exercise in humans, we conduct global skeletal muscle transcriptomic analyses of long-term endurance- (9 men, 9 women) and strength-trained (7 men) humans compared with age-matched untrained controls (7 men, 8 women). Transcriptomic analysis, Gene Ontology, and genome-scale metabolic modeling demonstrate changes in pathways related to the prevention of metabolic diseases, particularly with endurance training. Our data also show prominent sex differences between controls and that these differences are reduced with endurance training. Additionally, we compare our data with studies examining muscle gene expression before and after a months-long training period in individuals with metabolic diseases. This analysis reveals that training shifts gene expression in individuals with impaired metabolism to become more similar to our endurance-trained group. Overall, our data provide an extensive examination of the accumulated transcriptional changes that occur with decades-long training and identify important "exercise-responsive" genes that could attenuate metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chapman
- Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maléne E Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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34
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Felipe SMDS, de Freitas RM, Penha EDDS, Pacheco C, Martins DL, Alves JO, Soares PM, Loureiro ACC, Lima T, Silveira LR, Ferraz ASM, de Souza JES, Leal-Cardoso JH, Carvalho DP, Ceccatto VM. Transcriptional profile in rat muscle: down-regulation networks in acute strenuous exercise. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10500. [PMID: 33859869 PMCID: PMC8020866 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise is a health promotion factor regulating gene expression and causing changes in phenotype, varying according to exercise type and intensity. Acute strenuous exercise in sedentary individuals appears to induce different transcriptional networks in response to stress caused by exercise. The objective of this research was to investigate the transcriptional profile of strenuous experimental exercise. Methodology RNA-Seq was performed with Rattus norvegicus soleus muscle, submitted to strenuous physical exercise on a treadmill with an initial velocity of 0.5 km/h and increments of 0.2 km/h at every 3 min until animal exhaustion. Twenty four hours post-physical exercise, RNA-seq protocols were performed with coverage of 30 million reads per sample, 100 pb read length, paired-end, with a list of counts totaling 12816 genes. Results Eighty differentially expressed genes (61 down-regulated and 19 up-regulated) were obtained. Reactome and KEGG database searches revealed the most significant pathways, for down-regulated gene set, were: PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, RAF-MAP kinase, P2Y receptors and Signaling by Erbb2. Results suggest PI3K-AKT pathway inactivation by Hbegf, Fgf1 and Fgr3 receptor regulation, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Cell signaling transcription networks were found in transcriptome. Results suggest some metabolic pathways which indicate the conditioning situation of strenuous exercise induced genes encoding apoptotic and autophagy factors, indicating cellular stress. Conclusion Down-regulated networks showed cell transduction and signaling pathways, with possible inhibition of cellular proliferation and cell degeneration. These findings reveal transitory and dynamic process in cell signaling transcription networks in skeletal muscle after acute strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina Pacheco
- Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Martins
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Osório Alves
- Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paula Matias Soares
- Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Tanes Lima
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Denise P Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vania Marilande Ceccatto
- Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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35
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Abstract
Age-associated changes in gene expression in skeletal muscle of healthy individuals reflect accumulation of damage and compensatory adaptations to preserve tissue integrity. To characterize these changes, RNA was extracted and sequenced from muscle biopsies collected from 53 healthy individuals (22-83 years old) of the GESTALT study of the National Institute on Aging-NIH. Expression levels of 57,205 protein-coding and non-coding RNAs were studied as a function of aging by linear and negative binomial regression models. From both models, 1134 RNAs changed significantly with age. The most differentially abundant mRNAs encoded proteins implicated in several age-related processes, including cellular senescence, insulin signaling, and myogenesis. Specific mRNA isoforms that changed significantly with age in skeletal muscle were enriched for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and adipogenesis. Our study establishes a detailed framework of the global transcriptome and mRNA isoforms that govern muscle damage and homeostasis with age.
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36
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Ducret V, Richards AJ, Videlier M, Scalvenzi T, Moore KA, Paszkiewicz K, Bonneaud C, Pollet N, Herrel A. Transcriptomic analysis of the trade-off between endurance and burst-performance in the frog Xenopus allofraseri. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:204. [PMID: 33757428 PMCID: PMC7986297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in locomotor capacity among animals often reflects adaptations to different environments. Despite evidence that physical performance is heritable, the molecular basis of locomotor performance and performance trade-offs remains poorly understood. In this study we identify the genes, signaling pathways, and regulatory processes possibly responsible for the trade-off between burst performance and endurance observed in Xenopus allofraseri, using a transcriptomic approach. RESULTS We obtained a total of about 121 million paired-end reads from Illumina RNA sequencing and analyzed 218,541 transcripts obtained from a de novo assembly. We identified 109 transcripts with a significant differential expression between endurant and burst performant individuals (FDR ≤ 0.05 and logFC ≥2), and blast searches resulted in 103 protein-coding genes. We found major differences between endurant and burst-performant individuals in the expression of genes involved in the polymerization and ATPase activity of actin filaments, cellular trafficking, proteoglycans and extracellular proteins secreted, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity and regulators of signaling cascades. Remarkably, we revealed transcript isoforms of key genes with functions in metabolism, apoptosis, nuclear export and as a transcriptional corepressor, expressed in either burst-performant or endurant individuals. Lastly, we find two up-regulated transcripts in burst-performant individuals that correspond to the expression of myosin-binding protein C fast-type (mybpc2). This suggests the presence of mybpc2 homoeologs and may have been favored by selection to permit fast and powerful locomotion. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the differential expression of genes belonging to the pathways of calcium signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and striated muscle contraction, in addition to the use of alternative splicing and effectors of cellular activity underlie locomotor performance trade-offs. Ultimately, our transcriptomic analysis offers new perspectives for future analyses of the role of single nucleotide variants, homoeology and alternative splicing in the evolution of locomotor performance trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Ducret
- UMR 7179 MECADEV, C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, 55 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Adam J Richards
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, USR 2936, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Mathieu Videlier
- Functional Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thibault Scalvenzi
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karen A Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Konrad Paszkiewicz
- Exeter Sequencing Service, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Camille Bonneaud
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, USR 2936, 09200, Moulis, France
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Nicolas Pollet
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement & Ecologie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, USR 2936, 09200, Moulis, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Li H, Wang F, Yang M, Sun J, Zhao Y, Tang D. The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6572342. [PMID: 33790964 PMCID: PMC7997758 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6572342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise-responsive myokine, which is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and obesity-related complications. Various studies in mice have shown that irisin could respond to systematic exercise training and promote white-to-brown fat transdifferentiation, but the role and function of irisin in humans are controversial. In this review, we systematically introduced and analyzed the factors that may contribute to these inconsistent results. Furthermore, we also described the potential anti-inflammatory properties of irisin under a variety of inflammatory conditions. Finally, the review discussed the existing unresolved issues and controversies about irisin, including the transcription of the irisin precursor FNDC5 gene in humans, the cleavage site of the yet unknown proteolytic enzyme that cleaves irisin from FNDC5, and the reliability of irisin levels measured with available detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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Makhnovskii PA, Bokov RO, Kolpakov FA, Popov DV. Transcriptomic Signatures and Upstream Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle Adapted to Disuse and Aerobic Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031208. [PMID: 33530535 PMCID: PMC7866200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Regular aerobic exercise is broadly used as a key intervention to prevent and treat these pathological conditions. In our meta-analysis we aimed to identify and compare (i) the transcriptomic signatures related to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise in human skeletal muscle and (ii) the biological effects and transcription factors associated with these transcriptomic changes. A standardized workflow with robust cut-off criteria was used to analyze 27 transcriptomic datasets for the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy humans subjected to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise. We evaluated the role of transcriptional regulation in the phenotypic changes described in the literature. The responses to chronic interventions (disuse and regular training) partially correspond to the phenotypic effects. Acute exercise induces changes that are mainly related to the regulation of gene expression, including a strong enrichment of several transcription factors (most of which are related to the ATF/CREB/AP-1 superfamily) and a massive increase in the expression levels of genes encoding transcription factors and co-activators. Overall, the adaptation strategies of skeletal muscle to decreased and increased levels of physical activity differ in direction and demonstrate qualitative differences that are closely associated with the activation of different sets of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Roman O. Bokov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Regulation of microRNAs in Satellite Cell Renewal, Muscle Function, Sarcopenia and the Role of Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186732. [PMID: 32937893 PMCID: PMC7555198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a condition of progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures in older adults. Musculoskeletal aging leads to reduced muscle mass and strength, affecting the quality of life in elderly people. In recent years, several studies contributed to improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological alterations that lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still not fully understood. Muscle development and homeostasis require a fine gene expression modulation by mechanisms in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role. miRNAs modulate key steps of skeletal myogenesis including satellite cells renewal, skeletal muscle plasticity, and regeneration. Here, we provide an overview of the general aspects of muscle regeneration and miRNAs role in skeletal mass homeostasis and plasticity with a special interest in their expression in sarcopenia and skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in the elderly.
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Nascimento EBM, Hangelbroek RWJ, Hooiveld GJEJ, Hoeks J, Van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Hesselink MHC, Schrauwen P, Kersten S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of human skeletal muscle in response to cold acclimation and exercise training in human volunteers. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32887608 PMCID: PMC7487556 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cold acclimation and exercise training were previously shown to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity in human volunteers with type 2 diabetes. Although cold is a potent activator of brown adipose tissue, the increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity by cold is largely mediated by events occurring in skeletal muscle and at least partly involves GLUT4 translocation, as is also observed for exercise training. Methods To investigate if cold acclimation and exercise training overlap in the molecular adaptive response in skeletal muscle, we performed transcriptomics analysis on vastus lateralis muscle collected from human subjects before and after 10 days of cold acclimation, as well as before and after a 12-week exercise training intervention. Results Cold acclimation altered the expression of 756 genes (422 up, 334 down, P < 0.01), while exercise training altered the expression of 665 genes (444 up, 221 down, P < 0.01). Principal Component Analysis, Venn diagram, similarity analysis and Rank–rank Hypergeometric Overlap all indicated significant overlap between cold acclimation and exercise training in upregulated genes, but not in downregulated genes. Overlapping gene regulation was especially evident for genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Interestingly, the genes most highly induced by cold acclimation were involved in contraction and in signal transduction between nerve and muscle cells, while no significant changes were observed in genes and pathways related to insulin signaling or glucose metabolism. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that cold acclimation and exercise training have overlapping effects on gene expression in human skeletal muscle, but strikingly these overlapping genes are designated to pathways related to tissue remodeling rather than metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W J Hangelbroek
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D Van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs H C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Marcho C, Oluwayiose OA, Pilsner JR. The preconception environment and sperm epigenetics. Andrology 2020; 8:924-942. [PMID: 31901222 PMCID: PMC7346722 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a common reproductive disorder, with male factor infertility accounting for approximately half of all cases. Taking a paternal perceptive, recent research has shown that sperm epigenetics, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin structure, and noncoding RNA expression, can impact reproductive and offspring health. Importantly, environmental conditions during the preconception period has been demonstrated to shape sperm epigenetics. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview on epigenetic modifications that regulate normal gene expression and epigenetic remodeling that occurs during spermatogenesis, and to discuss the epigenetic alterations that may occur to the paternal germline as a consequence of preconception environmental conditions and exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined published literature available on databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect) focusing on adult male preconception environmental exposures and sperm epigenetics in epidemiologic studies and animal models. RESULTS The preconception period is a sensitive developmental window in which a variety of exposures such as toxicants, nutrition, drugs, stress, and exercise, affects sperm epigenetics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Understanding the environmental legacy of the sperm epigenome during spermatogenesis will enhance our understanding of reproductive health and improve reproductive success and offspring well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Nair VD, Ge Y, Li S, Pincas H, Jain N, Seenarine N, Amper MAS, Goodpaster BH, Walsh MJ, Coen PM, Sealfon SC. Sedentary and Trained Older Men Have Distinct Circulating Exosomal microRNA Profiles at Baseline and in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:605. [PMID: 32587527 PMCID: PMC7298138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multi-systemic benefits and attenuates the physiological impairments associated with aging. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating exosomes mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise via the transfer of microRNAs between tissues. However, the impact of regular exercise and acute exercise on circulating exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in older populations remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed circulating exomiR expression in endurance-trained elderly men (n = 5) and age-matched sedentary males (n = 5) at baseline (Pre), immediately after a forty minute bout of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer (Post), and three hours after this acute exercise (3hPost). Following the isolation and enrichment of exosomes from plasma, exosome-enriched preparations were characterized and exomiR levels were determined by sequencing. The effect of regular exercise on circulating exomiRs was assessed by comparing the baseline expression levels in the trained and sedentary groups. The effect of acute exercise was determined by comparing baseline and post-training expression levels in each group. Regular exercise resulted in significantly increased baseline expression of three exomiRs (miR-486-5p, miR-215-5p, miR-941) and decreased expression of one exomiR (miR-151b). Acute exercise altered circulating exomiR expression in both groups. However, exomiRs regulated by acute exercise in the trained group (7 miRNAs at Post and 8 at 3hPost) were distinct from those in the sedentary group (9 at Post and 4 at 3hPost). Pathway analysis prediction and reported target validation experiments revealed that the majority of exercise-regulated exomiRs are targeting genes that are related to IGF-1 signaling, a pathway involved in exercise-induced muscle and cardiac hypertrophy. The immediately post-acute exercise exomiR signature in the trained group correlates with activation of IGF-1 signaling, whereas in the sedentary group it is associated with inhibition of IGF-1 signaling. While further validation is needed, including measurements of IGF-1/IGF-1 signaling in blood or skeletal muscle, our results suggest that training status may counteract age-related anabolic resistance by modulating circulating exomiR profiles both at baseline and in response to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D. Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Side Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nimisha Jain
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nitish Seenarine
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Anne S. Amper
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Martin J. Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Knuiman P, Hangelbroek R, Boekschoten M, Hopman M, Mensink M. Impact of protein supplementation during endurance training on changes in skeletal muscle transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:397. [PMID: 32517654 PMCID: PMC7285456 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein supplementation improves physiological adaptations to endurance training, but the impact on adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome remains elusive. The present analysis was executed to determine the impact of protein supplementation on changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome following 5-weeks of endurance training. RESULTS Skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after 5-weeks of endurance training to assess changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. One hundred and 63 genes were differentially expressed after 5-weeks of endurance training in both groups (q-value< 0.05). In addition, the number of genes differentially expressed was higher in the protein group (PRO) (892, q-value< 0.05) when compared with the control group (CON) (440, q-value< 0.05), with no time-by-treatment interaction effect (q-value> 0.05). Endurance training primarily affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix and these changes tended to be greater in PRO than in CON. CONCLUSIONS Protein supplementation subtly impacts endurance training-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. In addition, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix may be an important factor for skeletal muscle adaptation in response to endurance training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381, March 12, 2018. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Knuiman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Roland Hangelbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Advanced Analytics, Viqtor Davis B.V., Parijsboulevard 143 A, 3541, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Hopman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein-West 32, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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The Role of Nutri(epi)genomics in Achieving the Body's Full Potential in Physical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060498. [PMID: 32517297 PMCID: PMC7346155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity represents a powerful tool to achieve optimal health. The overall activation of several molecular pathways is associated with many beneficial effects, mainly converging towards a reduced systemic inflammation. Not surprisingly, regular activity can contribute to lowering the “epigenetic age”, acting as a modulator of risk toward several diseases and enhancing longevity. Behind this, there are complex molecular mechanisms induced by exercise, which modulate gene expression, also through epigenetic modifications. The exercise-induced epigenetic imprint can be transient or permanent and contributes to the muscle memory, which allows the skeletal muscle adaptation to environmental stimuli previously encountered. Nutrition, through key macro- and micronutrients with antioxidant properties, can play an important role in supporting skeletal muscle trophism and those molecular pathways triggering the beneficial effects of physical activity. Nutrients and antioxidant food components, reversibly altering the epigenetic imprint, have a big impact on the phenotype. This assigns a role of primary importance to nutri(epi)genomics, not only in optimizing physical performance, but also in promoting long term health. The crosstalk between physical activity and nutrition represents a major environmental pressure able to shape human genotypes and phenotypes, thus, choosing the right combination of lifestyle factors ensures health and longevity.
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Widmann M, Nieß AM, Munz B. Physical Exercise and Epigenetic Modifications in Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2020; 49:509-523. [PMID: 30778851 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and sports play major roles in the overall health status of humans. It is well known that regular exercise helps to lower the risk for a broad variety of health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Being physically active induces a wide variety of molecular adaptations, for example fiber type switches or other metabolic alterations, in skeletal muscle tissue. These adaptations are based on exercise-induced changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Understanding their nature is crucial to improve the development of exercise-based therapeutic strategies. Recent research indicates that specifically epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., pathways that induce changes in gene expression patterns without altering the DNA base sequence, might play a major role in controlling skeletal muscle transcriptional patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA and histone modifications, as well as expression of specific microRNAs. They can be modulated by environmental factors or external stimuli, such as exercise, and eventually induce specific and fine-tuned changes to the transcriptional response. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on epigenetic changes induced in exercising skeletal muscle, their target genes, and resulting phenotypic changes. In addition, we raise the question of whether epigenetic modifications might serve as markers for the design and management of optimized and individualized training protocols, as prognostic tools to predict training adaptation, or even as targets for the design of "exercise mimics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Widmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Medicine Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Medicine Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Medicine Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Silva FCD, Iop RDR, Andrade A, Costa VP, Gutierres Filho PJB, Silva RD. Effects of Physical Exercise on the Expression of MicroRNAs: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:270-280. [PMID: 31877120 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Silva, FCd, Iop, RdR, Andrade, A, Costa, VP, Gutierres Filho, PJB, and Silva, Rd. Effects of physical exercise on the expression of microRNAs: A systematic review 34(1): 270-280, 2020-Studies have detected changes in the expression of miRNAs after physical exercise, which brings new insight into the molecular control of adaptation to exercise. Therefore, the objective of the current systematic review of experimental and quasiexperimental studies published in the past 10 years was to assess evidence related to acute effects, chronic effects, and both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on miRNA expression in humans, as well as its functions, evaluated in serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, or muscle biopsy. For this purpose, the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and also a manual search in references of the selected articles to April 2017. Experimental and quasiexperimental studies were included. Results indicate that, of the 345 studies retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and two articles were included as a result of the manual search. The 42 studies were analyzed, and it can be observed acute and chronic effects of physical exercises (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, athletes, young, elderly and in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with morbid obesity, prediabetic, and patients with intermittent claudication. It is safe to assume that miRNA changes, both in muscle tissues and bodily fluids, are presumably associated with the benefits induced by acute and chronic physical exercise. Thus, a better understanding of changes in miRNAs as a response to physical exercise might contribute to the development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the improvement of exercise capacity in individuals with any given disease. However, additional studies are necessary to draw accurate conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Cascaes da Silva
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Rosa Iop
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Laboratory of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Vitor Pereira Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil; and
| | | | - Rudney da Silva
- Adapted Physical Activity Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences and Sports, University of State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Swenson S, Blum K, McLaughlin T, Gold MS, Thanos PK. The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116763. [PMID: 32305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have a myriad of health benefits. There is much to be learned from the effects of exercise and its potential for prevention, attenuation and treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, recent data and research on exercise benefits with respect to major health crises, such as, that of opioid and general substance use disorders, make it very important to better understand and review the mechanisms of exercise and how it could be utilized for effective treatments or adjunct treatments for these diseases. In addition, mechanisms, epigenetics and sex differences are examined and discussed in terms of future research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western Univesity Health Sciences, Graduate College, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 31980607 PMCID: PMC6981202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise training, were integrated using meta-analysis methods (www.metamex.eu). Here we use gene ontology and pathway analyses to reveal selective pathways activated by inactivity, aerobic versus resistance and acute versus chronic exercise training. We identify NR4A3 as one of the most exercise- and inactivity-responsive genes, and establish a role for this nuclear receptor in mediating the metabolic responses to exercise-like stimuli in vitro. The meta-analysis (MetaMEx) also highlights the differential response to exercise in individuals with metabolic impairments. MetaMEx provides the most extensive dataset of skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to different modes of exercise and an online interface to readily interrogate the database. The pathways that underlie the effects of exercise on metabolism remain incompletely described. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from 66 published datasets of human skeletal muscle. They identify pathways selectively activated by inactivity, aerobic or resistance exercise, and characterize NR4A3 as one of the genes responsive to inactivity.
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Gholamnezhad Z, Mégarbane B, Rezaee R. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:45-61. [PMID: 32342449 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental and human studies documented the preventive and therapeutic effects of exercise on the normal physiological function of different body systems during aging as well as various diseases. Recent studies using cellular and molecular (biochemical, proteomics, and genomics) techniques indicated that exercise modifies intracellular and extracellular signaling and pathways. In addition, in vivo or in vitro experiments, particularly, using knockout and transgenic animals, helped to mimic physiological conditions during and after exercise. According to the findings of these studies, some important signaling pathways modulated by exercise are Ca2+-dependent calcineurin/activated nuclear factor of activated T-cells, mammalian target of rapamycin, myostatin/Smad, and AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha. Such modulations contribute to cell adaptation and remodeling of muscle fiber type in response to exercise. Despite great improvement in this field, there are still several unanswered questions as well as unfixed issues concerning clinical trials' biases and limitations. Nevertheless, designing multicenter standard clinical trials while considering individual variability and the exercise modality and duration will improve the perspective we have on the mechanisms mediating adaptation to exercise and final outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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