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Daida T, Shin BC, Cepeda C, Devaskar SU. Neurodevelopment Is Dependent on Maternal Diet: Placenta and Brain Glucose Transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. Nutrients 2024; 16:2363. [PMID: 39064806 PMCID: PMC11279700 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy source for most mammalian cells and its transport is affected by a family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the SLC2 gene. GLUT1 and GLUT3, highly expressed isoforms in the blood-brain barrier and neuronal membranes, respectively, are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dietary therapies, such as the ketogenic diet, are widely accepted treatments for patients with the GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, while ameliorating certain symptoms associated with GLUT3 deficiency in animal models. A ketogenic diet, high-fat diet, and calorie/energy restriction during prenatal and postnatal stages can also alter the placental and brain GLUTs expression with long-term consequences on neurobehavior. This review focuses primarily on the role of diet/energy perturbations upon GLUT isoform-mediated emergence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Daida
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sherin U. Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
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2
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Wang XP, Yan D, Jin XP, Zhang WY, Shi T, Wang X, Song W, Xiong X, Guo D, Chen S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in acute ischemic stroke: From mechanism to application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107313. [PMID: 39025169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most prevalent type of stroke, and due to its high incidence, disability rate, and mortality rate, it imposes a significant burden on the health care system. Amino acids constitute one of the most crucial metabolic products within the human body, and alterations in their metabolic pathways have been identified in the microenvironment of AIS, thereby influencing the pathogenesis, severity, and prognosis of AIS. The amino acid metabolism characteristics in AIS are complex. On one hand, the dynamic progression of AIS continuously reshapes the amino acid metabolism pattern. Conversely, changes in the amino acid metabolism pattern also exert a double-edged effect on AIS. This interaction is bidirectional, dynamic, heterogeneous, and dose-specific. Therefore, the distinctive metabolic reprogramming features surrounding amino acids during the AIS process are systematically summarized in this paper, aiming to provide potential investigative strategies for the early diagnosis, treatment approaches, and prognostic enhancement of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311202, China.
| | - Xia-Ping Jin
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Tao Shi
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Wenjuan Song
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Xing Xiong
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xiaoshan,The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Basehore SE, Garcia J, Clyne AM. Steady Laminar Flow Decreases Endothelial Glycolytic Flux While Enhancing Proteoglycan Synthesis and Antioxidant Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2485. [PMID: 38473731 PMCID: PMC10931250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells in steady laminar flow assume a healthy, quiescent phenotype, while endothelial cells in oscillating disturbed flow become dysfunctional. Since endothelial dysfunction leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which endothelial cells change their function in varied flow environments. Endothelial metabolism has recently been proven a powerful tool to regulate vascular function. Endothelial cells generate most of their energy from glycolysis, and steady laminar flow may reduce endothelial glycolytic flux. We hypothesized that steady laminar but not oscillating disturbed flow would reduce glycolytic flux and alter glycolytic side branch pathways. In this study, we exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to static culture, steady laminar flow (20 dynes/cm2 shear stress), or oscillating disturbed flow (4 ± 6 dynes/cm2 shear stress) for 24 h using a cone-and-plate device. We then measured glucose and lactate uptake and secretion, respectively, and glycolytic metabolites. Finally, we explored changes in the expression and protein levels of endothelial glycolytic enzymes. Our data show that endothelial cells in steady laminar flow had decreased glucose uptake and 13C labeling of glycolytic metabolites while cells in oscillating disturbed flow did not. Steady laminar flow did not significantly change glycolytic enzyme gene or protein expression, suggesting that glycolysis may be altered through enzyme activity. Flow also modulated glycolytic side branch pathways involved in proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, as well as oxidative stress. These flow-induced changes in endothelial glucose metabolism may impact the atheroprone endothelial phenotype in oscillating disturbed flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Basehore
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Garcia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (J.G.)
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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4
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Song A, Mao Y, Wei H. GLUT5: structure, functions, diseases and potential applications. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1519-1538. [PMID: 37674366 PMCID: PMC10582729 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is a membrane transporter that specifically transports fructose and plays a key role in dietary fructose uptake and metabolism. In recent years, a high fructose diet has occupied an important position in the daily intake of human beings, resulting in a significant increase in the incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Over the past few decades, GLUT5 has been well understood to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of human digestive diseases. Recently, the role of GLUT5 in human cancer has received widespread attention, and a large number of studies have focused on exploring the effects of changes in GLUT5 expression levels on cancer cell survival, metabolism and metastasis. However, due to various difficulties and shortcomings, the molecular structure and mechanism of GLUT5 have not been fully elucidated, which to some extent prevents us from revealing the relationship between GLUT5 expression and cell carcinogenesis at the protein molecular level. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of mammalian GLUT5 and its relationship to intestinal diseases and cancer and suggest that GLUT5 may be an important target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqian Song
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100015China
| | - Yuanpeng Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijing100015China
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100015China
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijing100015China
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5
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Tincu (Iurciuc) CE, Andrițoiu CV, Popa M, Ochiuz L. Recent Advancements and Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Albumin-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Treat Brain Cancer, with a Focus on Glioblastoma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3969. [PMID: 37836018 PMCID: PMC10575401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the most prevalent primary malignant tumor affecting the brain and central nervous system. Recent research indicates that the genetic profile of GBM makes it resistant to drugs and radiation. However, the main obstacle in treating GBM is transporting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Albumin is a versatile biomaterial for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The efficiency of albumin-based delivery systems is determined by their ability to improve tumor targeting and accumulation. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence of human glioblastoma and the currently adopted treatment, as well as the structure and some essential functions of the BBB, to transport drugs through this barrier. We will also mention some aspects related to the blood-tumor brain barrier (BTBB) that lead to poor treatment efficacy. The properties and structure of serum albumin were highlighted, such as its role in targeting brain tumors, as well as the progress made until now regarding the techniques for obtaining albumin nanoparticles and their functionalization, in order to overcome the BBB and treat cancer, especially human glioblastoma. The albumin drug delivery nanosystems mentioned in this paper have improved properties and can overcome the BBB to target brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia-Elena Tincu (Iurciuc)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Apitherapy Medical Center, Balanesti, Nr. 336-337, 217036 Gorj, Romania;
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Street, 86, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11, Pacurari Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Gulbins A, Horstmann M, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Wilson GC, Zeidan R, Hammer GD, Daser A, Bechrakis NE, Görtz GE, Eckstein A. Potential involvement of the bone marrow in experimental Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1252727. [PMID: 37810891 PMCID: PMC10558005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1252727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by auto-antibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). Overstimulation of the TSHR induces hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease (TED) as the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. In TED, the TSHR cross talks with the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in orbital fibroblasts leading to inflammation, deposition of hyaluronan and adipogenesis. The bone marrow may play an important role in autoimmune diseases, but its role in Graves' disease and TED is unknown. Here, we investigated whether induction of experimental Graves' disease and accompanying TED involves bone marrow activation and whether interference with IGF-1R signaling prevents this activation. Results Immunization of mice with TSHR resulted in an increase the numbers of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes (p ≤0.0001), which was normalized by linsitinib (p = 0.0029), an increase of CD19-positive B-lymphocytes (p= 0.0018), which was unaffected by linsitinib and a decrease of GR1-positive cells (p= 0.0038), which was prevented by linsitinib (p= 0.0027). In addition, we observed an increase of Sca-1 positive hematopietic stem cells (p= 0.0007) and of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) (p ≤0.0001) after immunization with TSHR which was prevented by linsitinib (Sca-1: p= 0.0008, SDF-1: p ≤0.0001). TSHR-immunization also resulted in upregulation of CCL-5, IL-6 and osteopontin (all p ≤0.0001) and a concomitant decrease of the immune-inhibitory cytokines IL-10 (p= 0.0064) and PGE2 (p ≤0.0001) in the bone marrow (all p≤ 0.0001). Treatment with the IGF-1R antagonist linsitinib blocked these events (all p ≤0.0001). We further demonstrate a down-regulation of arginase-1 expression (p= 0.0005) in the bone marrow in TSHR immunized mice, with a concomitant increase of local arginine (p ≤0.0001). Linsitinib induces an upregulation of arginase-1 resulting in low arginase levels in the bone marrow. Reconstitution of arginine in bone marrow cells in vitro prevented immune-inhibition by linsitinib. Conclusion Collectively, these data indicate that the bone marrow is activated in experimental Graves' disease and TED, which is prevented by linsitinib. Linsitinib-mediated immune-inhibition is mediated, at least in part, by arginase-1 up-regulation, consumption of arginine and thereby immune inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Horstmann
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ryan Zeidan
- Sling Therapeutics Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gary D. Hammer
- Endocrine Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anke Daser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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Watson CP, Sekhar GN, Thomas SA. Identification of transport systems involved in eflornithine delivery across the blood-brain barrier. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY 2023; 3:1113493. [PMID: 38482132 PMCID: PMC7615738 DOI: 10.3389/fddev.2023.1113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected parasitic disease that continues to persist in sub-Saharan Africa. It is fatal if untreated. The first stage of the disease is associated with the presence of the parasite in the periphery and the second stage with the presence of the parasites in the CNS. The treatment of CNS stage HAT requires the drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Eflornithine is an amino acid analogue that is used to treat second stage HAT gambiense both alone and in combination with nifurtimox. Recent studies have identified that accumulation of eflornithine into the parasites (trypanosomes) involves the amino acid transporter (Trypanosoma brucei AAT6). In this study we tested the hypothesis that eflornithine uses a cationic amino acid transport system to cross the BBB. We particularly focused on system-y+ and system-B0,+. To do this we utilized specialist databases to compare the physicochemical characteristics of relevant molecules and an in vitro model of the BBB to explore the mechanisms of eflornithine delivery into the CNS. Our results confirmed that eflornithine is related to the endogenous amino acid, ornithine. At pH 7.4, eflornithine is predominately (92.39%) a zwitterionic (dipolar) amino acid and ornithine is predominately (99.08%) a cationic (tripolar) amino acid. In addition, the gross charge distribution at pH 7.4 of eflornithine is much smaller (+0.073) than that of ornithine (+0.99). Further results indicated that eflornithine utilized a saturable transport mechanism(s) to cross the hCMEC/D3 cell membranes and that transport was inhibited by the presence of other amino acids including ornithine. Eflornithine transport was also sodium-independent and sensitive to a y+-system inhibitor, but not a B0,+-system inhibitor. Eflornithine transport was also inhibited by pentamidine, suggestive of transport by organic cation transporters (OCT) which are expressed in this cell line. We confirmed expression of the y+-system protein, CAT1, and the B0,+-system protein, ATB0,+, in the hCMEC/D3 cells. We conclude that eflornithine uses the cationic amino acid transporter, system y+, and OCT to cross the BBB. This research highlights the potential of system-y+ to deliver drugs, including eflornithine, across the BBB to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Watson
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Gayathri Nair Sekhar
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
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Wang C, Zhao Z, Lu S, Liu Y, Han S, Jiang H, Yang Y, Liu H. Physiological, Nutritional and Transcriptomic Responses of Sturgeon ( Acipenser schrenckii) to Complete Substitution of Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate in Aquafeed. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040490. [PMID: 37106691 PMCID: PMC10135981 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated the effect of substituting fishmeal completely with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in the diet of sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) on growth, digestive physiology, and hepatic gene expression. A control diet containing fishmeal and an experimental diet based on CPC was designed. The study was conducted for 56 days in indoor recirculating aquaculture systems. The results showed that weight gain, feed efficiency, and whole-body essential amino acids (EAAs) all decreased significantly in the experimental group, while whole-body non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) and serum transaminase activity increased (p < 0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes in the mid-intestine was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and liver histology revealed fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. The hepatic transcriptome revealed an upregulation of genes linked to metabolism, including steroid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. These findings indicate that fully replacing fishmeal with CPC harms A. schrenckii growth and physiology. This study provides valuable data for the development of improved aquafeeds and the use of molecular methods to evaluate the diet performance of sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang'an Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Shicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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10
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Adhikari PA, Castro FLDS, Liu G, Kim WK. Effects of Total Sulfur Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Meat Yield in Broilers Fed Diets With and Without Antibiotics. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:903901. [PMID: 35720841 PMCID: PMC9201514 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.903901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of digestible sulfur amino acids (SAA) on performance, carcass yield, immunity, and amino acid transporters in broilers fed diets with or without an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). In experiment 1, a total of 250 1-day-old Cobb500 male chicks were assigned to battery cages with two levels of AGP (0 and 0.05% bacitracin) and five levels of SAA (0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1%) for 21 d. In experiment 2, a total of 900 1-day-old Cobb500 male chicks were assigned to floor pens with two levels of AGP and three levels of SAA for the starter (0.7, 0.8, and 0.9%) or finisher phase (0.52, 0.62, and 0.72%) for 42 d. In experiment 1, from 0 to 7 d, the body weight gain (BWG) was the lowest for birds fed 0.7% SAA. The AGP significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and birds fed 0.9 and 1.1% SAA had significantly lower FCR than 0.7% SAA. From 8 to 14 d, for the AGP-fed birds, the lowest BWG was observed in the 0.7% SAA group. In birds not fed AGP, birds fed 0.8% SAA had higher BWG than 0.7 and 1.1% SAA. Birds fed 0.7% SAA diet had lower feed intake (FI) than 0.8% SAA and higher FCR than 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0% SAA. In experiment 2, from 0 to 21 d, the lowest BWG and the highest FCR were observed in birds fed 0.7% SAA, whereas birds fed 0.9% SAA had the highest BWG and lowest FCR. From 22 to 42 d, FCR was lower for birds fed AGP, and for birds fed 0.72%. Interactions between the factors were found for FI and BWG. The whole thigh and wing weights were the highest for 0.62% SAA, and the pectoralis major weight was higher for birds fed 0.62% SAA than those fed 0.52% SAA. There was an interaction between SAA and AGP for Lat1 (large neutral amino acid transporter) expression, and AGP-fed birds had higher expression of ileal interleukin 1β (Il−1β gene). The interleukin 10 (Il-10) expression was upregulated in the ileum. There was an interaction between factors for sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B [0] AT1 (SLC6A19) expression. The results suggested that both AGP and SAA supplementation would affect the growth performance of the broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Woo Kyun Kim
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11
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Glycaemia dynamics concepts before and after insulin. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115092. [PMID: 35588854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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The influence of the dietary exposome on oxidative stress in pregnancy complications. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 87:101098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Poustforoosh A, Nematollahi MH, Hashemipour H, Pardakhty A. Recent advances in Bio-conjugated nanocarriers for crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier in (pre-)clinical studies with an emphasis on vesicles. J Control Release 2022; 343:777-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Fan Y, Wolford BN, Lu H, Liang W, Sun J, Zhou W, Rom O, Mahajan A, Surakka I, Graham SE, Liu Z, Kim H, Ramdas S, Fritsche LG, Nielsen JB, Gabrielsen ME, Hveem K, Yang D, Song J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Liu W, Zhang K, Willer CJ, Chen YE. Type 2 diabetes sex-specific effects associated with E167K coding variant in TM6SF2. iScience 2021; 24:103196. [PMID: 34746691 PMCID: PMC8554487 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rs58542926C >T (E167K) variant of the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene (TM6SF2) is associated with increased risks for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, the role of the TM6SF2 rs58542926 variant in glucose metabolism is poorly understood. We performed a sex-stratified analysis of the association between the rs58542926C >T variant and T2D in multiple cohorts. The E167K variant was significantly associated with T2D, especially in males. Using an E167K knockin (KI) mouse model, we found that male but not the female KI mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. As an ER membrane protein, TM6SF2 was found to interact with inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α), a primary ER stress sensor. The male Tm6sf2 KI mice exhibited impaired IRE1α signaling in the liver. In conclusion, the E167K variant of TM6SF2 is associated with glucose intolerance primarily in males, both in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Vontz Center, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Brooke N. Wolford
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jinjian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA71103, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Surakka
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E. Graham
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonas B. Nielsen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg 26, Rm 361S, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Saleri R, Borghetti P, Ravanetti F, Andrani M, Cavalli V, De Angelis E, Ferrari L, Martelli P. A Co-Culture Model of IPEC-J2 and Swine PBMC to Study the Responsiveness of Intestinal Epithelial Cells: The Regulatory Effect of Arginine Deprivation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092756. [PMID: 34573721 PMCID: PMC8465608 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interest in amino acids comes from their involvement in research on alternative strategies for the utilization of antibiotics on farms. Among several substances used to replace antibiotics, there is arginine, an essential amino acid in newborns and piglets. This amino acid has a protective role in intestinal immune cells and improves intestinal immunity. The purpose of this research was to define a co-culture model, in which intestinal epithelial cells can communicate with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to deepen the effects of arginine deprivation on intestinal epithelial cells over time. The main finding was that the lack of arginine highly impacts on intestinal and immune cells by way of immuno-regulation mediated by the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The use of this experimental model could allow us to investigate the impact of and interactions between specific nutrients and the complex intestinal environment and, in addition, to assess feed additives to improve health and animal production. Abstract Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid, supplementation with which induces a reduction of intestinal damage and an improvement of intestinal immunity in weaned piglets, but the mechanism is not yet entirely clear. The aim of this study was to characterise a co-culture model by measuring changes in gene expression over time (24 and 48 h) in intestinal IPEC-J2 cells in the presence of immune cells activated with phytohemagglutinin and, consequently, to assess the effectiveness of arginine deprivation or supplementation in modulating the expression of certain cytokines related to the regulation of intestinal cells’ function. The main results show the crucial role of arginine in the viability/proliferation of intestinal cells evaluated by an MTT assay, and in the positive regulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) cytokines. This experimental model could be important for analysing and clarifying the role of nutritional conditions in intestinal immune cells’ functionality and reactivity in pigs as well as the mechanisms of the intestinal defence system. Among the potential applications of our in vitro model of interaction between IEC and the immune system there is the possibility of studying the effect of feed additives to improve animal health and production.
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16
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Contreras-Duarte S, Claudette C, Farias M, Leiva A. High total cholesterol and triglycerides levels increase arginases metabolism, impairing nitric oxide signaling and worsening fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166216. [PMID: 34314821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During human pregnancy, maternal physiological dyslipidemia (MPD) supports fetal development. However, some women develop maternal supraphysiological dyslipidemia (MSPD: increased total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels). MSPD is present in normal and pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Both pathologies associate with fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction, producing alterations in nitric oxide (NO)-L-arginine/arginase metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of MSPD on GDM, and how this synergy alters fetoplacental endothelial function is unknown, which is the aim of this study. 123 women at term of pregnancy were classified as MPD (n=40), MSPD (n=35), GDM with normal lipids (GDM- MPD, n=23) and with increased lipids (GDM-MSPD, n=25). TC ≥291 mg/dL and TG ≥275 mg/dL were considered as MSPD. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCat1), and arginase II protein abundance and activity, were assayed in umbilical vein endothelial cells. In MSPD and MSPD-GDM, TC and TG increased respect to MPD and MPD-GDM. eNOS activity was reduced in MSPD and MSPD-GDM, but increased in MPD-GDM compared with MPD. No changes were observed in eNOS protein. However, decreased tetrahydrobiopterin levels were observed in all groups compared with MPD. Increased hCat1 protein and L-arginine transport were observed in both GDM groups compared with MPD. However, the transport was higher in GDM-MSPD compared to GDM-MPD. Higher Arginase II protein and activity were observed in MSPD-GDM compared with MPD. Thus, MSPD in GDM pregnancies alters fetal endothelial function associated with NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Contreras-Duarte
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile.
| | - C Claudette
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - M Farias
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - A Leiva
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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17
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Martí I Líndez AA, Reith W. Arginine-dependent immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5303-5324. [PMID: 34037806 PMCID: PMC8257534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Dong BR, Gu XQ, Chen HY, Gu J, Pan ZG. Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Frailty Progression in Nonfrail Chinese Community-Living Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:2571-2578.e4. [PMID: 34129830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty state progression is common among older adults, so it is necessary to identify predictors to implement individualized interventions. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict frailty progression in community-living older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 3170 Chinese community-living people aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to a training set or validation set at a ratio of 6:4. METHODS Candidate predictors (demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics) were used to predict frailty state progression as measured with the Fried frailty phenotype at a 4-year follow-up, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a nomogram, which was validated internally with 1000 bootstrap resamples and externally with the use of a validation set. The C index and calibration plot were used to assess discrimination and calibration of the nomogram, respectively. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 4 years, 64.1% (917/1430) of the participants in the robust group and 26.0% (453/1740) in the prefrail group experienced frailty progression, which included 9.1% and 21.0%, respectively, who progressed to frailty. Predictors in the final nomogram were age, marital status, physical exercise, baseline frailty state, and diabetes. Based on this nomogram, an online calculator was also developed for easy use. The discriminative ability was good in the training set (C index = 0.861) and was validated using both the internal bootstrap method (C index = 0.861) and an external validation set (C index = 0.853). The calibration plots showed good agreement in both the training and validation sets. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An easy-to-use nomogram was developed with good apparent performance using 5 readily available variables to help physicians and public health practitioners to identify older adults at high risk for frailty progression and implement medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ru Dong
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gu
- Department of General Practice, Xidu Community Health Center of the Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Ying Chen
- Department of General Practice, Xidu Community Health Center of the Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Pan
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Lofthouse EM, Manousopoulou A, Cleal JK, O'Kelly IM, Poore KR, Garbis SD, Lewis RM. N-acetylcysteine, xCT and suppression of Maxi-chloride channel activity in human placenta. Placenta 2021; 110:46-55. [PMID: 34120018 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental oxidative stress features in pregnancy pathologies but in clinical trials antioxidant supplementation has not improved outcomes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) stimulates glutathione production and is proposed as a therapeutic agent in pregnancy. However, key elements of N-acetylcysteine biology, including its cellular uptake mechanism, remains unclear. This study explores how the cystine/glutamate transporter xCT may mediate N-acetylcysteine uptake and how N-acetylcysteine alters placental redox status. METHODS The involvement of xCT in NAC uptake by the human placenta was studied in perfused placenta and Xenopus oocytes. The effect of short-term N-acetylcysteine exposure on the placental villous proteome was determined using LC-MS. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on Maxi-chloride channel activity was investigated in perfused placenta, villous fragments and cell culture. RESULTS Maternoplacental N-acetylcysteine administration stimulated intracellular glutamate efflux suggesting a role of the exchange transporter xCT, which was localised to the microvillous membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Placental exposure to a bolus of N-acetylcysteine inhibited subsequent activation of the redox sensitive Maxi-chloride channel independently of glutathione synthesis. Stable isotope quantitative proteomics of placental villi treated with N-acetylcysteine demonstrated changes in pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and the acute phase response. DISCUSSION This study suggests that xCT mediates N-acetylcysteine uptake into the placenta and that N-acetylcysteine treatment of placental tissue alters the placental proteome while regulating the redox sensitive Maxi-chloride channel. Interestingly N-acetylcysteine had antioxidant effects independent of the glutathione pathway. Effective placental antioxidant therapy in pregnancy may require maintaining the balance between normalising redox status without inhibiting physiological redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lofthouse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jane K Cleal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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20
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Sampei S, Okada H, Tomita H, Takada C, Suzuki K, Kinoshita T, Kobayashi R, Fukuda H, Kawasaki Y, Nishio A, Yano H, Muraki I, Fukuda Y, Suzuki K, Miyazaki N, Watanabe T, Doi T, Yoshida T, Suzuki A, Yoshida S, Kushimoto S, Ogura S. Endothelial Glycocalyx Disorders May Be Associated With Extended Inflammation During Endotoxemia in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623582. [PMID: 33869173 PMCID: PMC8047120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, the morbidity of infectious disease is increased, and these infections can easily progress from local to systemic infection. Sepsis is a characteristic of organ failure related to microcirculation disorders resulting from endothelial cell injury, whose most frequent comorbidity in patients is DM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of infection on DM-induced microvascular damage on inflammation and pulmonary endothelial structure using an experimental endotoxemia model. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into 10-week-old male C57BLKS/J Iar- + lepr db /lepr db (db/db) mice and into C57BLKS/J Iar-m + / + lepr db (db/ +) mice, which served as the littermate non-diabetic control. At 48 h after LPS administration, the survival rate of db/db mice (0%, 0/10) was markedly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the db/ + mice (75%, 18/24), whereas the survival rate was 100% in both groups 24 h after LPS administration. In control mice, CD11b-positive cells increased at 6 h after LPS administration; by comparison, the number of CD11b-positive cells increased gradually in db/db mice until 12 h after LPS injection. In the control group, the number of Iba-1-positive cells did not significantly increase before and at 6, 12, and 24 h after LPS injection. Conversely, Iba-1-positive cells continued to increase until 24 h after LPS administration, and this increase was significantly greater than that in the control mice. Expression of Ext1, Csgalnact1, and Vcan related to endothelial glycocalyx synthesis was significantly lower in db/db mice than in the control mice before LPS administration, indicating that endothelial glycocalyx synthesis is attenuated in db/db/mice. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that endothelial glycocalyx was thinner in db/db mice before LPS injection. In conclusion, in db/db mice, the endothelial glycocalyx is already injured before LPS administration, and migration of inflammatory cells is both delayed and expanded. This extended inflammation may be involved in endothelial glycocalyx damage due to the attenuation of endothelial glycocalyx synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Sampei
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayane Nishio
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Isamu Muraki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yohei Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nagisa Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Takatomo Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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21
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Palacios J, Benites J, Owen GI, Morales P, Chiong M, Nwokocha CR, Paredes A, Cifuentes F. Impact of the Potential Antitumor Agent 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone (Q7) on Vasomotion Is Mediated by the Vascular Endothelium, But Not Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Metabolism. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:245-252. [PMID: 33105322 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vasomotion is defined as rhythmic oscillations in arterial diameter that regulate the blood flow and blood pressure. Because antitumor treatment may impair vascular functions and increase the blood pressure, we sought to evaluate whether a new naphthoquinone derivative, postulated as an antitumor agent, manifests adverse effects on vascular function. In this article, we evaluated the toxicity of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) and its effects on vascular vasomotion in 3 models of vascular structure: endothelial cells, aortic ring, and smooth muscle cells. Although showing nontoxic effects, Q7 inhibited the formation of capillary-like structures of the EA.hy926 endothelial cell line grown on Matrigel. In exvivo experiments with aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 10-6 M), Q7 (10-5 M) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced vascular rhythmic contractions induced by the acetylcholine (ACh; 10-7-10-5 M), whereas sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor; 10-8 M) recovered the vasomotion. Furthermore, Q7 (10-5 M) did not decrease KCl-induced vascular rhythmic contractions in the aortic rings precontracted with BaCl2 (a nonselective K+ channel blocker; 10-3 M). Vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) preincubated with Q7 (10-5 M) for 3 hours also demonstrated a reduced glucose uptake. However, the Adenosine Triphosphate content was unaffected, suggesting that the rapid reduction in vasomotion observed in vascular reactivity experiments did not involve cellular metabolism but may be due to faster mechanisms involving endothelial nitric oxide and K+ channels leading to oscillations in intracellular Ca2+. In summary, the naphthoquinone derivative Q7 presents low cytotoxicity yet may alter the endothelial cell response and vasomotion in the absence of changes in smooth muscle cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Palacios
- Departamento de Química y Farmacia, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Benites
- Departamento de Química y Farmacia, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, CEMC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, CEMC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, ACCDiS, CEMC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; and
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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22
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Sun J, Lu H, Liang W, Zhao G, Ren L, Hu D, Chang Z, Liu Y, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Chen YE, Fan Y. Endothelial TFEB (Transcription Factor EB) Improves Glucose Tolerance via Upregulation of IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrate) 1 and IRS2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:783-795. [PMID: 33297755 PMCID: PMC8105265 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Aberrant EC metabolism leads to vascular dysfunction and metabolic diseases. TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, has protective effects on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, the role of endothelial TFEB in metabolism remains to be explored. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of endothelial TFEB in glucose metabolism and underlying molecular mechanisms. Approach and Results: To determine whether endothelial TFEB is critical for glucose metabolism in vivo, we utilized EC-selective TFEB knockout and EC-selective TFEB transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet. EC-selective TFEB knockout mice exhibited significantly impaired glucose tolerance compared with control mice. Consistently, EC-selective TFEB transgenic mice showed improved glucose tolerance. In primary human ECs, small interfering RNA-mediated TFEB knockdown blunts Akt (AKT serine/threonine kinase) signaling. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TFEB consistently activates Akt and significantly increases glucose uptake in ECs. Mechanistically, TFEB upregulates IRS1 and IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2). TFEB increases IRS2 transcription measured by reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, we found that TFEB increases IRS1 protein via downregulation of microRNAs (miR-335, miR-495, and miR-548o). In vivo, Akt signaling in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was significantly impaired in EC-selective TFEB knockout mice and consistently improved in EC-selective TFEB transgenic mice on high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a critical role of TFEB in endothelial metabolism and suggest that TFEB constitutes a potential molecular target for the treatment of vascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Sun
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Die Hu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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23
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Endothelial response to glucose: dysfunction, metabolism, and transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:313-325. [PMID: 33522573 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cell response to glucose plays an important role in both health and disease. Endothelial glucose-induced dysfunction was first studied in diabetic animal models and in cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Four classical dysfunction pathways were identified, which were later shown to result from the common mechanism of mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. More recently, non-coding RNA, extracellular vesicles, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were shown to affect glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells also metabolize glucose for their own energetic needs. Research over the past decade highlighted how manipulation of endothelial glycolysis can be used to control angiogenesis and microvascular permeability in diseases such as cancer. Finally, endothelial cells transport glucose to the cells of the blood vessel wall and to the parenchymal tissue. Increasing evidence from the blood-brain barrier and peripheral vasculature suggests that endothelial cells regulate glucose transport through glucose transporters that move glucose from the apical to the basolateral side of the cell. Future studies of endothelial glucose response should begin to integrate dysfunction, metabolism and transport into experimental and computational approaches that also consider endothelial heterogeneity, metabolic diversity, and parenchymal tissue interactions.
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24
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Okita K, Hara Y, Okura H, Hayashi H, Sasaki Y, Masuko S, Kitadai E, Masuko K, Yoshimoto S, Hayashi N, Sugiura R, Endo Y, Okazaki S, Arai S, Yoshioka T, Matsumoto T, Makino Y, Komiyama H, Sakamoto K, Masuko T. Antitumor effects of novel mAbs against cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) on human CRC with amplified CAT1 gene. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:563-574. [PMID: 33211385 PMCID: PMC7894011 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number alterations detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can lead to the identification of novel cancer‐related genes. We analyzed chromosomal aberrations in a set of 100 human primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) using CGH and found a solute carrier (SLC) 7A1 gene, which encodes cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) with 14 putative transmembrane domains, in a chromosome region (13q12.3) with a high frequency of gene amplifications. SLC7A1/CAT1 is a transporter responsible for the uptake of cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and ornithine) essential for cellular growth. Microarray and PCR analyses have revealed that mRNA transcribed from CAT1 is overexpressed in more than 70% of human CRC samples, and RNA interference–mediated knockdown of CAT1 inhibited the cell growth of CRCs. Rats were immunized with rat hepatoma cells expressing CAT1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and rat splenocytes were fused with mouse myeloma cells. Five rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (CA1 ~ CA5) reacting with HEK293 cells expressing CAT1‐GFP in a GFP expression–dependent manner were selected from established hybridoma clones. Novel anti‐CAT1 mAbs selectively reacted with human CRC tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues according to immuno‐histochemical staining and bound strongly to numerous human cancer cell lines by flow cytometry. Anti‐CAT1 mAbs exhibited internalization activity, antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and migration inhibition activity against CRC cell lines. Furthermore, CA2 inhibited the in vivo growth of human HT29 and SW‐C4 CRC tumors in nude mice. This study suggested CAT1 to be a promising target for mAb therapy against CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Production and Manufacturing, Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuta Hara
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okura
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hayashi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Sasaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kitadai
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshi Yoshimoto
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hayashi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Arai
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Makino
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Komiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Panahi M, Rodriguez PR, Fereshtehnejad SM, Arafa D, Bogdanovic N, Winblad B, Cedazo-Minguez A, Rinne J, Darreh-Shori T, Hase Y, Kalaria RN, Viitanen M, Behbahani H. Insulin-Independent and Dependent Glucose Transporters in Brain Mural Cells in CADASIL. Front Genet 2020; 11:1022. [PMID: 33101365 PMCID: PMC7522350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the human NOTCH3 gene. Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy is characterized by subcortical ischemic strokes due to severe arteriopathy and fibrotic thickening of small vessels. Blood regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) appear as the key target in CADASIL but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. With the hypothesis that brain glucose metabolism is disrupted in VSMCs in CADASIL, we investigated post-mortem tissues and VSMCs derived from CADASIL patients to explore gene expression and protein immunoreactivity of glucose transporters (GLUTs), particularly GLUT4 and GLUT2 using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. In vitro cell model analysis indicated that both GLUT4 and -2 gene expression levels were down-regulated in VSMCs derived from CADASIL patients, compared to controls. In vitro studies further indicated that the down regulation of GLUT4 coincided with impaired glucose uptake in VSMCs, which could be partially rescued by insulin treatment. Our observations on reduction in GLUTs in VSMCs are consistent with previous findings of decreased cerebral blood flow and glucose uptake in CADASIL patients. That impaired ability of glucose uptake is rescued by insulin is also consistent with previously reported lower proliferation rates of VSMCs derived from CADASIL subjects. Overall, these observations are consistent with the development of severe cerebral arteriopathy in CADASIL, in which VSMCs are replaced by widespread fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Panahi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donia Arafa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Neurogeriatric Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Rinne
- University of Turku, Turku University Hospital Kiinanmyllynkatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Viitanen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatrics, Turun Kaupunginsairaala, University Hospital of Turku, University of Turku, Turku,Finland
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Cui H, Yang X, Wang Z, Li G, Li L, Huo S, Zhang B, He R, Chen K, Xu B, Wang P, Lei H. Tetrahydropalmatine triggers angiogenesis via regulation of arginine biosynthesis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105242. [PMID: 33075491 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over a short span of two decades, the central role of angiogenesis in the treatment of wound healing, diverse cancers, nerve defect, vascular injury and several ophthalmic diseases has become evident. Tetrahydropalmatine, as the index component of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, is inseparable from protecting cardiovascular system, yet its role in angiogenesis has been poorly characterized. We have demonstrated the binding potential of THP and VEGFR2 using molecular docking based on the clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine in the pretest study. Here, we identified tetrahydropalmatine (THP) as one proangiogenic trigger via regulation of arginine biosynthesis by pharmacological assays and DESI-MSI/GC-MS based metabolomics. First, the proangiogenic effects of THP were evaluated by quail chorioallantoic membrane test in vivo and multiple models of endothelial cells in vitro. According to virtual screening, the main mechanisms of THP (2/5 of the top terms with smaller p-value) were metabolic pathways. Hence, metabolomics was applied for the main mechanisms of THP and results showed the considerable metabolite difference in arginine biosynthesis (p < 0.05) altered by THP. Finally, correlated indicators were deteced using targeted metabolomics and pharmacological assays for validation, and results suggested the efficacy of THP on citrulline to arginine flux, arginine biosynthesis, and endothelial VEGFR2 expression sequentially, leading to the promotion of angiogenesis. Overall, this manuscript identified THP as the proangiogenic trigger with the potential to develop as pharmacological agents for unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herong Cui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Beijing HealthoLight Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Su Huo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui He
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kedian Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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27
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Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S. Functional implications of vascular endothelium in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis to control blood pressure and cardiac functions. Life Sci 2020; 259:118377. [PMID: 32898526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the innermost vascular lining performing significant roles all over the human body while maintaining the blood pressure at physiological levels. Malfunction of endothelium is thus recognized as a biomarker linked with many vascular diseases including but not limited to atherosclerosis, hypertension and thrombosis. Alternatively, prevention of endothelial malfunctioning or regulating the functions of its associated physiological partners like endothelial nitric oxide synthase can prevent the associated vascular disorders which account for the highest death toll worldwide. While many anti-hypertensive drugs are available commercially, a comprehensive description of the key physiological roles of the endothelium and its regulation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase or vice versa is the need of the hour to understand its contribution in vascular homeostasis. This, in turn, will help in designing new therapeutics targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase or its interacting partners present in the cellular pool. This review describes the central role of vascular endothelium in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase while outlining the emerging drug targets present in the vasculature with potential to treat vascular disorders including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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28
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Pirri D, Fragiadaki M, Evans PC. Diabetic atherosclerosis: is there a role for the hypoxia-inducible factors? Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200026. [PMID: 32816039 PMCID: PMC7441368 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors, including diabetes. Diabetes is associated with either an insulin deficiency in its juvenile form or with insulin resistance and obesity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the latter is clustered with other comorbidities to define the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are complex pathologies and are associated with cardiovascular risk via vascular inflammation and other mechanisms. Several transcription factors are activated upon diabetes-driven endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of atherosclerosis. In particular, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor family is a master regulator of endothelial biology and is raising interest in the field of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will present an overview of studies contributing to the understanding of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, integrating the role of HIF in this disease with the knowledge of its functions in metabolic syndrome and diabetic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pirri
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The University of Sheffield, U.K
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The University of Sheffield, U.K
| | - Paul C. Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The University of Sheffield, U.K
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29
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Ille AM, Kishel E, Bodea R, Ille A, Lamont H, Amico-Ruvio S. Protein LY6E as a candidate for mediating transport of adeno-associated virus across the human blood-brain barrier. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:769-778. [PMID: 32839948 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Significant progress has been made in developing adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants with increased ability to cross the BBB in mice. However, these variants are not efficacious in non-human primates. Herein, we employed various bioinformatic techniques to identify lymphocyte antigen-6E (LY6E) as a candidate for mediating transport of AAV across the human BBB based on the previously determined mechanism of transport in mice. Our results provide insight into future discovery and optimization of AAV variants for CNS gene delivery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Ille
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Eric Kishel
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Raoul Bodea
- STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Anetta Ille
- STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Hannah Lamont
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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30
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Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Boscaro C, Carotti M, Albiero M, Trenti A, Fadini GP, Trevisi L, Sandonà D, Cignarella A, Bolego C. Non-genomic mechanisms in the estrogen regulation of glycolytic protein levels in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:12768-12784. [PMID: 32757462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001130r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the mechanisms coupling estrogen signals to metabolic demand in endothelial cells. We recently showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) triggers angiogenesis via the membrane G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and the key glycolytic protein PFKFB3 as a downstream effector. We herein investigated whether estrogenic agents regulate the stability and/or degradation of glycolytic proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Similarly to E2, the GPER selective agonist G1 rapidly increased PFKFB3 protein amounts, without affecting mRNA levels. In the presence of cycloheximide, E2 and G1 treatment counteracted PFKFB3 degradation over time, whereas E2-induced PFKFB3 stabilization was abolished by the GPER antagonist G15. Inhibitors of selective SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase (SMER-3) and proteasome (MG132) rapidly increased PFKFB3 protein levels. Accordingly, ubiquitin-bound PFKFB3 was lower in E2- or G1-treated HUVECs. Both agents increased deubiquitinase USP19 levels through GPER signaling. Notably, USP 19 siRNA decreased PFKFB3 levels and abolished E2- and G1-mediated HUVEC tubularization. Finally, E2 and G1 treatments rapidly enhanced glucose transporter GLUT1 levels via GPER independent of transcriptional activation. These findings provide new evidence on mechanisms coupling estrogen signals with the glycolytic program in endothelium and unravel the role of USP19 as a target of the pro-angiogenic effect of estrogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Boscaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Trenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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32
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Romanet S, Aschenbach JR, Pieper R, Zentek J, Htoo JK, Whelan RA, Mastrototaro L. Dietary Supplementation of dl-Methionine Potently Induces Sodium-Dependent l-Methionine Absorption in Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo. J Nutr 2020; 150:1782-1789. [PMID: 32359147 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine is an essential amino acid (AA) with many fundamental roles. Humans often supplement l-Met, whereas dl-Met and dl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (dl-HMTBA) are more frequently used to supplement livestock. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate whether dietary Met source alters the absorptive capacity for Met isomers in the small intestine of piglets. METHODS A total of 27 male 10-wk-old piglets in 3 feeding groups received a diet supplemented with 0.21% dl-Met, 0.21% l-Met, or 0.31% dl-HMTBA to meet the Met + cystine requirement. After ≥10 d, absorptive fluxes of d-Met or l-Met were measured at a physiological concentration of 50 μM and a high concentration of 5 mM in duodenum, middle jejunum, and ileum ex vivo. Data were compared by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Across diets, fluxes of both Met isomers at both tested concentrations increased from duodenum to ileum by a factor of ∼2-5.5 (P < 0.05). Pigs supplemented with dl-Met had greater (P < 0.085) absorptive fluxes at 50 μM l-Met (0.50, 2.07, and 3.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) and d-Met (0.62, 1.41, and 1.19 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) than did pigs supplemented with dl-HMTBA (l-Met: 0.28, 0.76, and 1.08 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; d-Met: 0.34, 0.58, and 0.64 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Only in jejunum of dl-Met-fed pigs, fluxes at 50 μM l-Met were reduced by the omission of luminal Na+ (from 3.27 to 0.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P < 0.05) and by a cocktail of 22 luminal AAs (to 1.05 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation of dl-Met increases the efficiency of l-Met and d-Met absorption at physiologically relevant luminal Met concentrations along the small intestine of pigs, including a very prominent induction of an Na+-dependent transport system with preference for l-Met in the mid-jejunum. Dietary supplementation with dl-Met could be a promising tool to improve the absorption of Met and other AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Romanet
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universtität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universtität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universtität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universtität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John K Htoo
- Animal Nutrition Services, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Rose A Whelan
- Animal Nutrition Services, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universtität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Sokolov SS, Severin FF. Manipulating Cellular Energetics to Slow Aging of Tissues and Organs. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:651-659. [PMID: 32586228 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Up to now numerous studies in the field of gerontology have been published. Nevertheless, a well-known food restriction remains the most reliable and efficient way of lifespan extension. Physical activity is also a well-documented anti-aging intervention being especially efficient in slowing down the age-associated decline of skeletal muscle mass. In this review we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the effect of physical exercise on muscle tissues. We also discuss the possibilities of pharmacological extension of this effect to the rest of the tissues. During the exercise, the level of ATP decreases triggering activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). This kinase stimulates antioxidant potential of the cells and their mitochondrial respiratory capacity. The exercise also induces mild oxidative stress, which, in turn, mediates the stimulation via hormetic response. Furthermore, during the exercise cells generate activators of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The intracellular ATP level increases during the rest periods between exercises thus promoting mTOR activation. Therefore, regular exercise intermittently activates anti-oxidant defenses and mitochondrial biogenesis (via AMPK and the hormetic response) of the muscle tissue, as well as its proliferative potential (via mTOR), which, in turn, impedes the age-dependent muscle atrophy. Thus, the intermittent treatment with activators of (i) AMPK combined with the inducers of hormetic response and of (ii) mTOR might partly mimic the effects of physical exercise. Importantly, pharmacological activation of AMPK takes place in the absence of ATP level decrease. The use of uncouplers of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the phase of AMPK activation could also prevent negative consequences of the cellular hyper-energization. It is believed that the decline of both antioxidant and proliferative potentials of the cells causes the age-dependent decline of multiple tissues, rather than only the muscular one. We argue that the approach above is applicable for the majority of tissues in an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sokolov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - F F Severin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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34
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Cartland SP, Lin RCY, Genner S, Patil MS, Martínez GJ, Barraclough JY, Gloss B, Misra A, Patel S, Kavurma MM. Vascular transcriptome landscape of Trail -/- mice: Implications and therapeutic strategies for diabetic vascular disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:9547-9562. [PMID: 32501591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902785r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating plasma TRAIL levels are suppressed in patients with cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. To identify novel targets in vascular metabolic diseases, genome-wide transcriptome of aortic tissue from Trail-/- versus Trail+/+ mice were interrogated. We found 861 genes differentially expressed with TRAIL deletion. Gene enrichment analyses showed many of these genes were related to inflammation, cell-to-cell cytoskeletal interactions, and transcriptional modulation. We identified vascular protective and pathological gene clusters, with Ifi205 as the most significantly reduced vascular protective gene, whereas Glut1, the most significantly increased pathological gene with TRAIL deletion. We hypothesized that therapeutic targets could be devised from such integrated analysis and validated our findings from vascular tissues of diabetic mice. From the differentially expressed gene targets, enriched transcription factor (TF) and microRNA binding motifs were identified. The top two TFs were Elk1 and Sp1, with enrichment to eight gene targets common to both. miR-520d-3p and miR-377-3p were the top enriched microRNAs with TRAIL deletion; with four overlapping genes enriched for both microRNAs. Our findings offer an alternate in silico approach for therapeutic target identification and present a deeper understanding of gene signatures and pathways altered with TRAIL suppression in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Genner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gonzalo J Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Y Barraclough
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gloss
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Revisiting the blood-brain barrier: A hard nut to crack in the transportation of drug molecules. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:121-140. [PMID: 32315731 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Barriers are the hallmark of a healthy physiology, blood-brain barrier (BBB) being a tough nut to crack for most of the antigens and chemical substances. The presence of tight junctions plays a remarkable role in defending the brain from antigenic and pathogenic attacks. BBB constitutes a diverse assemblage of multiple physical and chemical barriers that judiciously restrict the flux of blood solutes into and out of the brain. Restrictions through the paracellular pathway and the tight junctions between intercellular clefts, together create well regulated metabolic and transport barricades, critical to brain pathophysiology. The brain being impermeable to many essential metabolites and nutrients regulates transportation via specialized transport systems across the endothelial abluminal and luminal membranes. The epithelial cells enveloping capillaries of the choroid plexus regulates the transport of complement, growth factors, hormones, microelements, peptides and trace elements into ventricles. Nerve terminals, microglia, and pericytes associated with the endothelium support barrier induction and function, ensuring an optimally stable ionic microenvironment that facilitates neurotransmission, orchestrated by multiple ion channels (Na+, K+ Mg2+, Ca2+) and transporters. Brain pathology which can develop due to genetic mutations or secondary to other cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative diseases can cause aberration in the microvasculature of CNS which is the uniqueness of BBB. This can also alter BBB permeation and result in BBB breakdown and other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The concluding section outlines contemporary trends in drug discovery, focusing on molecular determinants of BBB permeation and novel drug-delivery systems, such as dendrimers, liposomes, nanoparticles, nanogels, etc.
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36
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Garcia DCG, Longden TA. Ion channels in capillary endothelium. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:261-300. [PMID: 32402642 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular beds are anatomically and functionally compartmentalized into arteries, capillaries, and veins. The bulk of the vasculature consists of the dense, anastomosing capillary network, composed of capillary endothelial cells (cECs) that are intimately associated with the parenchyma. Despite their abundance, the ion channel expression and function and Ca2+ signaling behaviors of capillaries have only recently begun to be explored in detail. Here, we discuss the established and emerging roles of ion channels and Ca2+ signaling in cECs. By mining a publicly available RNA-seq dataset, we outline the wide variety of ion channel genes that are expressed in these cells, which potentially imbue capillaries with a broad range of sensing and signal transduction capabilities. We also underscore subtle but critical differences between cEC and arteriolar EC ion channel expression that likely underlie key functional differences in ECs at these different levels of the vascular tree. We focus our discussion on the cerebral vasculature, but the findings and principles being elucidated in this area likely generalize to other vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C G Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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37
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Rojas S, Basualto E, Valdivia L, Vallejos N, Ceballos K, Peña E, Rivas C, Nualart F, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Escudero C, Toledo F, Sobrevia L, Cid M, González M. The activity of IKCa and BKCa channels contributes to insulin-mediated NO synthesis and vascular tone regulation in human umbilical vein. Nitric Oxide 2020; 99:7-16. [PMID: 32165314 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulin regulates the l-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), increasing the plasma membrane expression of the l-arginine transporter hCAT-1 and inducing vasodilation in umbilical and placental veins. Placental vascular relaxation induced by insulin is dependent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa), but the role of KCa channels on l-arginine transport and NO synthesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of KCa channels in both insulin-induced l-arginine transport and NO synthesis, and its relationship with placental vascular relaxation. HUVECs, human placental vein endothelial cells (HPVECs) and placental veins were freshly isolated from umbilical cords and placenta from normal pregnancies. Cells or tissue were incubated in absence or presence of insulin and/or tetraethylammonium, 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole, iberiotoxin or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. l-Arginine uptake, plasma membrane polarity, NO levels, hCAT-1 expression and placenta vascular reactivity were analyzed. The inhibition of intermediate-conductance KCa (IKCa) and BKCa increases l-arginine uptake, which was related with protein abundance of hCAT-1 in HUVECs. IKCa and BKCa activities contribute to NO-synthesis induced by insulin but are not directly involved in insulin-stimulated l-arginine uptake. Long term incubation (8 h) with insulin increases the plasma membrane hyperpolarization and hCAT-1 expression in HUVECs and HPVECs. Insulin-induced relaxation in placental vasculature was reversed by KCa inhibition. The results show that the activity of IKCa and BKCa channels are relevant for both physiological regulations of NO synthesis and vascular tone regulation in the human placenta, acting as a part of negative feedback mechanism for autoregulation of l-arginine transport in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rojas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deConcepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emerita Basualto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deConcepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luz Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deConcepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Vallejos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deConcepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karen Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Peña
- Departmento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Coralia Rivas
- Departmento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología y Células Madres Neuro-CellTT, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA BIOBIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS), Chillán, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS), Chillán, Chile; Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston QLD, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcela Cid
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deConcepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS), Chillán, Chile.
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38
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Thornalley PJ. Measurement of Protein Glycation, Glycated Peptides, and Glycation Free Adducts. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation adducts, early glycation adducts, such as N∊-fructosyl-lysine, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are uremic toxins. Glycation adducts are found in plasma and tissue proteins (glycation adduct residues), in peptides (glycation adduct peptide residues), and glycated amino acids (glycation free adducts). The latter two analyte groups arise from proteolysis of glycated proteins and glycation of peptides and amino acids. Quantitation of glycation adducts in uremia is difficult because of the presence of many different AGEs at low concentrations in different forms in the presence of many potential interferences. Application of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection to plasma, urine, and dialysate samples of uremic patients has provided a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of glycation adducts in uremia. Glycation free adducts accumulate markedly in the plasma of uremic patients and are eliminated in the peritoneal dialysate. Multiple glycation adducts, and also protein oxidation and nitration adducts, may be quantified concurrently. Glycation free adducts are the major form of glycation adduct eliminated in dialysate. LC-MS/MS may now be used to quantify concentrations, extents of protein modification, clearances, and excretion rates of glycation adducts in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Thornalley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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39
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Zakaria ER, Patel AA, Li N, Matheson PJ, Garrison RN. Vasoactive Components of Dialysis Solution. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080802800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundConventional peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions elicit vasodilation, which is implicated in the variable rate of solute transport during the dwell. The components causing such vasoactivity are still controversial. This study was conducted to define the vasoactive components of conventional and new PD solutions.MethodsThree visceral peritoneal microvascular levels were visualized by intravital video microscopy of the terminal ileum of anesthetized rats. Anesthesia-free decerebrate conscious rats served as control. Microvascular diameter and blood flow by Doppler measurements were conducted after topical peritoneal exposure to 4 clinical PD solutions and 6 prepared solutions designed to isolate potential vasoactive components of the PD solution.ResultsAll clinically available PD solutions produced a rapid and generalized vasodilation at all intestinal microvascular levels, regardless of the osmotic solute. The pattern and magnitude of this dilation was not affected by anesthesia but was determined by arteriolar size, the osmotic solute, and the solution's buffer anion system. The greatest dilation occurred in the small precapillary arterioles and was elicited by conventional PD solution and heat re-sterilized solution containing low glucose degradation products (GDPs). Hypertonic mannitol solutions produced a dilation that was approximately 50% less than the dilation obtained with glucose solutions with identical osmolarity and buffer. Increasing a solution's osmolarity did not produce a parallel increase in the magnitude of dilation, suggesting a nonlinear relationship between the two variables. Lactate dissolved in an isotonic solution was completely non-vasoactive unless the solution's H+concentration was increased. At low pH, isotonic lactate produced a rapid but transient vasodilation. This vascular reactivity was similar in magnitude and pattern to that obtained with the isotonic 7.5% icodextrin solution (Extraneal; Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, Illinois, USA).Conclusions( 1 ) Hyperosmolarity is the major vasoactive component of PD solution. ( 2 ) Hyperosmolarity and active intracellular glucose uptake account together for approximately 75% of PD solution-induced dilation, whereas GDPs contribute to approximately 25%. ( 3 ) Lactate is vasoactive only at low pH (high [H+]). ( 4 ) The magnitude of PD solution-mediated vasodilation is partially dependent on the nature of the osmotic solute, the GDP contents, and the [H+], which determine the vasoactivity of the lactate-buffer anion system. Studies are required to define the molecular mechanisms of PD-induced vasodilation and to determine the vasoactive properties of these solutions after chronic infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuj A. Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paul J. Matheson
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard N. Garrison
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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40
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Hu L, Peng X, Han F, Wu F, Chen D, Wu D, Feyera T, Zhang K, Che L. Effects of Birth Weight and Postnatal Nutritional Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Development, Myofiber Maturation, and Metabolic Status of Early-Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E156. [PMID: 31963382 PMCID: PMC7022288 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets with light weaning weight commonly have a slow post-weaning growth rate due to impaired skeletal muscle development. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of birth weight and nutrient intake on skeletal muscle development, myofiber maturation, and metabolic status of early-weaned piglets. Twelve pairs of normal birth weight and intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) piglets (seven days old) were randomly assigned to receive adequate nutrient intake or restricted nutrient intake for 21 days. Serum and muscle samples were collected for further analysis. The results indicated that muscle weight, cross-sectional areas, and muscular glycogen were lower (p < 0.05) in both IUGR and restricted fed piglets. Nutrient restriction decreased the contents of RNA, the RNA to DNA ratio, and the percentages of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIx (p < 0.05), whereas increased the activity of β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD), the ratio of HAD to citrate synthase, as well as the percentages of MyHC I (p < 0.05). In addition, nutrient restriction significantly decreased muscular glycogen, mRNA levels of fatty acid transport protein 1, cationic amino acid transporter 1, and glucose transporter 4 in IUGR piglets compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that IUGR impaired skeletal muscle growth and disturbed the hormone and mRNA expression of genes related to energy metabolism, which led to a more severe energy deficit when receiving postnatal nutritional restriction. Postnatal nutritional restriction resulted in delayed myofiber maturation of the piglets, which may be associated with the transformation of MyHC isoform and the change of metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Takele Feyera
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Batllori M, Casado M, Sierra C, Salgado MDC, Marti-Sanchez L, Maynou J, Fernandez G, Garcia-Cazorla A, Ormazabal A, Molero-Luis M, Artuch R. Effect of blood contamination of cerebrospinal fluid on amino acids, biogenic amines, pterins and vitamins. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:34. [PMID: 31727079 PMCID: PMC6857153 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomic investigations are a powerful tool for studying neurometabolic diseases. We aimed to assess the effect of CSF contamination with blood on the concentrations of selected biomarkers. METHODS CSF samples were spiked in duplicate with increasing volumes of whole blood under two conditions: (A) pooled CSF spiked with fresh whole blood and frozen to cause red blood cell (RBC) lysis; (B) pooled CSF spiked with fresh blood and centrifuged (the supernatant with no RBCs was frozen until the moment of analysis). CSF concentrations of amino acids, biogenic amines, pterins, and vitamins were analysed by HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, electrochemical and fluorescence detection. RESULTS Aspartate, glutamate, taurine, ornithine, glycine, citrulline, pyridoxal 5´-phosphate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and thiamine showed higher values when RBCs were lysed when compared with those of CSF with no RBC, while arginine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic and homovanillic acids showed lower values. When RBCs were removed from CSF, only some amino acids, thiamine and pyridoxal 5´-phosphate showed moderately higher values when compared with the non-spiked CSF sample. CONCLUSIONS CSF-targeted metabolomic analysis is feasible even when substantial RBC contamination of CSF has occurred since CSF centrifugation to remove RBC prior to freezing eliminated most of the interferences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Batllori
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sierra
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Marti-Sanchez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maynou
- Molecular Genetics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angels Garcia-Cazorla
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Molero-Luis
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) are not only a barrier between the circulation and peripheral tissues, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and platelet function. Dysregulation of ECs contributes to pathological conditions such as vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cancer. The close anatomic relationship between vascular endothelium and highly vascularized metabolic organs/tissues suggests that the crosstalk between ECs and these organs is vital for both vascular and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous reports support that hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic stresses result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. However, how ECs may regulate metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that the vascular endothelium plays an unexpected role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and that endothelial dysregulation directly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of ECs in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In particular, we introduce the concept that the endothelium adjusts its barrier function to control the transendothelial transport of fatty acids, lipoproteins, LPLs (lipoprotein lipases), glucose, and insulin. In addition, we summarize reports that ECs communicate with metabolic cells through EC-secreted factors and we discuss how endothelial dysregulation contributes directly to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defects, and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Pi
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
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43
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Morfoisse F, Noel A. Lymphatic and blood systems: Identical or fraternal twins? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105562. [PMID: 31278994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic systems work in close collaboration to ensure their respective physiological functions. The lymphatic vessel network is being extensively studied, but has been overlooked as compared to the blood vasculature mainly due to the problematic discrimination of lymphatic vessels from the blood ones. This issue has been fortunately resolved in the past decade leading to the emergence of a huge amount of data in lymphatic biology revealing many shared features with the blood vasculature. However, this likeliness between the two vascular systems may lead to a simplistic view of lymphatics and a direct transcription of what is known for the blood system to the lymphatic one, thereby neglecting the lymphatic specificities. In this context, this review aims to clarify the main differences between the two vascular systems focusing on recently discovered lymphatic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA (GIGA-Cancer), Liege University, B23, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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Spiegelaar N, Martin ID, Tsuji LJS. Indigenous Subarctic Food Systems in Transition: Amino Acid Composition (Including Tryptophan) in Wild-Harvested and Processed Meats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2019; 2019:7096416. [PMID: 31346512 PMCID: PMC6620842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7096416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous people of northern Canada traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle subsisting on wild game and fish for thousands of years. With colonization came an increasing dependence on imported processed foods. This dietary change has often been reported to be one of the factors leading to Indigenous health and wellbeing disparities worldwide. We determined the amino acid (AA) profile including tryptophan (Trp) of wild meats (game and fish) and processed meats found in the traditional and modern diets of Indigenous subarctic communities in Canada. Trp is a limited essential AA necessary for synthesis of serotonin (5-HT), an important neurotransmitter and homeostatic regulator. The dietary ratio of Trp relative to other large neutral AAs (LNAA) can alter Trp transport and 5-HT synthesis in the brain. We determined AA composition of wild meats and processed meats using standardized NaOH and HCl hydrolysis for Trp and other AAs, respectively, followed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. A Principal Components Analysis revealed that overall AA composition is significantly different between wild and processed meats. (M)ANOVA showed significantly higher protein in wild meats (wet weight, ww). Trp was significantly lower in processed meat samples (n=15; 0.18g/100g ± 0.02 ww) compared to wild meat samples (n=25; 0.24g/100g ± 0.06 ww). The proportion of Trp:LNAA and Trp in sample protein were not significantly different between wild (1:21-1:27, 0.92-1.27 g/100g protein) and processed (1:20-1:24, 1.03-1.27 g/100g protein) meats. Within wild meats, AA composition is significantly different between fish and waterfowl, fish and moose, and moose and goose. (M)ANOVA results indicate significantly higher protein in goose compared to moose and fish and in moose compared to fish. We compared our Trp findings to previous analyses and discuss the substantial gap in human nutritional studies of Trp.
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45
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(Energetic metabolism of endothelial cell). COR ET VASA 2019. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2019.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Simonsen U, Winther AK, Oliván-Viguera A, Comerma-Steffensen S, Köhler R, Bek T. Extracellular l-arginine Enhances Relaxations Induced by Opening of Calcium-Activated SKCa Channels in Porcine Retinal Arteriole. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082032. [PMID: 31027156 PMCID: PMC6515554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the substrate for nitric oxide (NO) production, extracellular l-arginine, contributes to relaxations induced by activating small (SKCa) conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels. In endothelial cells, acetylcholine increased 3H-l-arginine uptake, while blocking the SKCa and the intermediate (IKCa) conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels reduced l-arginine uptake. A blocker of the y+ transporter system, l-lysine also blocked 3H-l-arginine uptake. Immunostaining showed co-localization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), SKCa3, and the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT-1) protein of the y+ transporter system in the endothelium. An opener of SKCa channels, cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA) induced large currents in endothelial cells, and concentration-dependently relaxed porcine retinal arterioles. In the presence of l-arginine, concentration-response curves for CyPPA were leftward shifted, an effect unaltered in the presence of low sodium, but blocked by l-lysine in the retinal arterioles. Our findings suggest that SKCa channel activity regulates l-arginine uptake through the y+ transporter system, and we propose that in vasculature affected by endothelial dysfunction, l-arginine administration requires the targeting of additional mechanisms such as SKCa channels to restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anna K Winther
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Aida Oliván-Viguera
- BESICoS group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, IIS-Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragón Agency for Research and Development (ARAID) at IACS and IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Yazdani S, Jaldin‐Fincati JR, Pereira RVS, Klip A. Endothelial cell barriers: Transport of molecules between blood and tissues. Traffic 2019; 20:390-403. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Yazdani
- Cell Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
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48
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Altered foetoplacental vascular endothelial signalling to insulin in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Alarcón S, Niechi I, Toledo F, Sobrevia L, Quezada C. Glioma progression in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Low density lipoprotein mimics insulin action on autophagy and glucose uptake in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3020. [PMID: 30816192 PMCID: PMC6395761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition to being able to cross the endothelial barrier to become accumulated in subendothelial space and thereby initiate atherosclerosis, LDL may exert a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells through activation of LDL receptor and its downstream signaling. Whether LDL can modulate the signaling for autophagy in endothelial cells is not clear. The present study firstly demonstrated that LDL can suppress endothelial autophagy through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and can promote glucose uptake by translocating glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) from cytoplasm to cell membrane, actions similar to those of insulin. A co-immunoprecipitation assay found that LDL receptor (LDLR) and insulin receptor (IR) formed a complex in HUVECs. Knock down of the insulin receptor by small interfering RNA blocked the suppression of autophagy by LDL, as well as the signaling pathway involved. We conclude that LDL may mimic the action of insulin in endothelial cells, which might partly explain the increased incidence of diabetes in patients receiving some LDL-lowering therapy.
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