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Schoville SD, Burke RL, Dong DY, Ginsberg HS, Maestas L, Paskewitz SM, Tsao JI. Genome resequencing reveals population divergence and local adaptation of blacklegged ticks in the United States. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17460. [PMID: 38963031 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Tick vectors and tick-borne disease are increasingly impacting human populations globally. An important challenge is to understand tick movement patterns, as this information can be used to improve management and predictive modelling of tick population dynamics. Evolutionary analysis of genetic divergence, gene flow and local adaptation provides insight on movement patterns at large spatiotemporal scales. We develop low coverage, whole genome resequencing data for 92 blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, representing range-wide variation across the United States. Through analysis of population genomic data, we find that tick populations are structured geographically, with gradual isolation by distance separating three population clusters in the northern United States, southeastern United States and a unique cluster represented by a sample from Tennessee. Populations in the northern United States underwent population contractions during the last glacial period and diverged from southern populations at least 50 thousand years ago. Genome scans of selection provide strong evidence of local adaptation at genes responding to host defences, blood-feeding and environmental variation. In addition, we explore the potential of low coverage genome sequencing of whole-tick samples for documenting the diversity of microbial pathogens and recover important tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi. The combination of isolation by distance and local adaptation in blacklegged ticks demonstrates that gene flow, including recent expansion, is limited to geographical scales of a few hundred kilometres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Russell L Burke
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Dahn-Young Dong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Howard S Ginsberg
- United States Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Woodward Hall - PSE, Field Station at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren Maestas
- Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Susan M Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jean I Tsao
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Xiao L, Zhang L, Guo C, Xin Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:791-832. [PMID: 38923737 PMCID: PMC11260773 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages of the immune response. They detect "find me" signals to locate apoptotic cells and migrate toward them. Apoptotic cells then send "eat me" signals that are recognized by phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find me" and "eat me" signals can be strategically harnessed to modulate antitumor immunity in support of cancer therapy. These signals, such as calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting the engulfment of dying cells or their remnants by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes the phagocytic "find me" and "eat me" signals, including their concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, and functions. Furthermore, we delineate the relationships between "find me" and "eat me" signaling molecules and tumors, especially the roles of these molecules in tumor initiation, progression, diagnosis, and patient prognosis. The interplay of these signals with tumor biology is elucidated, and specific approaches to modulate "find me" and "eat me" signals and enhance antitumor immunity are explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies that combine "find me" and "eat me" signals to better bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the treatment of cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ciliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
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Goel K, Chhetri A, Ludhiadch A, Munshi A. Current Update on Categorization of Migraine Subtypes on the Basis of Genetic Variation: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4804-4833. [PMID: 38135854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder that is characterized by severe behavioral, sensory, visual, and/or auditory symptoms. It has been labeled as one of the ten most disabling medical illnesses in the world by the World Health Organization (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014). According to a recent report by the American Migraine Foundation (Shoulson et al Ann Neurol 25(3):252-9, 1989), around 148 million people in the world currently suffer from migraine. On the basis of presence of aura, migraine is classified into two major subtypes: migraine with aura (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) and migraine without aura. (Aagaard K et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) Many complex genetic mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of migraine but specific pathways associated with the different subtypes of migraine have not yet been explored. Various approaches including candidate gene association studies (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (Fan et al Headache: J Head Face Pain 54(4):709-715, 2014). have identified the genetic markers associated with migraine and its subtypes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (Kaur et al Egyp J Neurol, Psychiatry Neurosurg 55(1):1-7, 2019) within genes involved in ion homeostasis, solute transport, synaptic transmission, cortical excitability, and vascular function have been associated with the disorder. Currently, the diagnosis of migraine is majorly behavioral with no focus on the genetic markers and thereby the therapeutic intervention specific to subtypes. Therefore, there is a need to explore genetic variants significantly associated with MA and MO as susceptibility markers in the diagnosis and targets for therapeutic interventions in the specific subtypes of migraine. Although the proper characterization of pathways based on different subtypes is yet to be studied, this review aims to make a first attempt to compile the information available on various genetic variants and the molecular mechanisms involved with the development of MA and MO. An attempt has also been made to suggest novel candidate genes based on their function to be explored by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Goel
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Aakash Chhetri
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401.
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Yamamoto K, Scilabra SD, Bonelli S, Jensen A, Scavenius C, Enghild JJ, Strickland DK. Novel insights into the multifaceted and tissue-specific roles of the endocytic receptor LRP1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107521. [PMID: 38950861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific molecules thereby controlling the composition of the extracellular environment and biological processes. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a widely expressed endocytic receptor that regulates cellular events by modulating the levels of numerous extracellular molecules via rapid endocytic removal. LRP1 also participates in signalling pathways through this modulation as well as in the interaction with membrane receptors and cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. LRP1 SNPs are associated with several diseases and conditions such as migraines, aortic aneurysms, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, corneal clouding, and bone dysmorphology and mineral density. Studies using Lrp1 KO mice revealed a critical, nonredundant and tissue-specific role of LRP1 in regulating various physiological events. However, exactly how LRP1 functions to regulate so many distinct and specific processes is still not fully clear. Our recent proteomics studies have identified more than 300 secreted proteins that either directly interact with LRP1 or are modulated by LRP1 in various tissues. This review will highlight the remarkable ability of this receptor to regulate secreted molecules in a tissue-specific manner and discuss potential mechanisms underpinning such specificity. Uncovering the depth of these "hidden" specific interactions modulated by LRP1 will provide novel insights into a dynamic and complex extracellular environment that is involved in diverse biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Proteomics Group of Ri.MED Foundation, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gosset C, Foguenne J, Simul M, Layios N, Massion PB, Damas P, Gothot A. A reactive monocyte subset characterized by low expression of CD91 is expanded during sterile and septic inflammation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1438-1449. [PMID: 38278526 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to assess CD91 expression on monocytes and changes in monocyte subset distribution during acute tissue damage and bloodstream infection (BSI). METHODS We investigated blood specimens from healthy individuals, trauma and cardiac surgery patients as a model of tissue damage, and patients with BSI, by flow cytometry using a panel of antibodies comprising CD45, HLA-DR, CD14, CD16 and CD91 for the identification of monocyte subsets. RESULTS While infrequent in healthy subjects, CD91low/neg monocyte levels were markedly high in BSI, trauma and after cardiac surgery. This monocyte subset expanded up to 15-fold in both patient cohorts, whereas CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes were multiplied by a factor of 5 only. CD14+CD91low monocytes displayed a significantly lower density of HLA-DR and markedly reduced expression of CD300e, compared to the other subsets. They also expressed high levels of myeloperoxidase and showed robust phagocytic and oxidative burst activity. CONCLUSIONS Expansion of CD91low monocytes is a sensitive marker of acute inflammatory states of infectious and non-infectious etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gosset
- Department of Hematobiology and Immuno-Hematology, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Foguenne
- Department of Hematobiology and Immuno-Hematology, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Simul
- Department of Hematobiology and Immuno-Hematology, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Layios
- Intensive Care Unit, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul B Massion
- Intensive Care Unit, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Damas
- Intensive Care Unit, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Gothot
- Department of Hematobiology and Immuno-Hematology, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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Olbromski M, Mrozowska M, Piotrowska A, Kmiecik A, Smolarz B, Romanowicz H, Blasiak P, Maciejczyk A, Wojnar A, Dziegiel P. Prognostic significance of alpha-2-macrglobulin and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 in various cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3036-3058. [PMID: 39005669 PMCID: PMC11236788 DOI: 10.62347/vujv9180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10 million fatalities occurred in 2023. Breast cancer (BC) ranked first among malignancies with 2.26 million cases, lung cancer (LC) second with 2.21 million cases, and colon and rectum cancers (CC, CRC) third with 1.93 million cases. These results highlight the importance of investigating novel cancer prognoses and anti-cancer markers. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of alpha-2 macroglobulin and its receptor, LRP1, on the outcomes of breast, lung, and colorectal malignancies. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the expression patterns of A2M and LRP1 in 545 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) and 51 cases of mastopathies/fibrocystic breast disease (FBD); 256 cases of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) and 45 cases of non-malignant lung tissue (NMLT); and 108 cases of CRC and 25 cases of non-malignant colorectal tissue (NMCT). A2M and LRP1 expression levels were also investigated in breast (MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-231/BO2), lung (NCI-H1703, NCI-H522, and A549), and colon (LS 180, Caco-2, HT-29, and LoVo) cancer cell lines. Based on our findings, A2M and LRP1 exhibited various expression patterns in the examined malignancies, which were related to one another. Additionally, the stroma of lung and colorectal cancer has increased levels of A2M/LRP1 areas, which explains the significance of the stroma in the development and maintenance of tumor homeostasis. A2M expression was shown to be downregulated in all types of malignancies under study and was positively linked with an increase in cell line aggressiveness. Although more invasive cells had higher levels of A2M expression, an IHC analysis showed the opposite results. This might be because exogenous alpha-2-macroglobulin is present, which has an inhibitory effect on several cancerous enzymes and receptor-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, siRNA-induced suppression of the transcripts for A2M and LRPP1 revealed their connection, which provides fresh information on the function of the LRP1 receptor in A2M recurrence in cancer. Further studies on different forms of cancer may corroborate the fact that both A2M and LRP1 have high potential as innovative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University Chalubinskiego 6A, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University Chalubinskiego 6A, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University Chalubinskiego 6A, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Kmiecik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University Chalubinskiego 6A, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Smolarz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Blasiak
- Department and Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejczyk
- Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojnar
- Department of Pathology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University Chalubinskiego 6A, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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Filtz A, Parihar S, Greenberg GS, Park CM, Scotti A, Lorenzatti D, Badimon JJ, Soffer DE, Toth PP, Lavie CJ, Bittner V, Virani SS, Slipczuk L. New approaches to triglyceride reduction: Is there any hope left? Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100648. [PMID: 38584606 PMCID: PMC10998004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides play a crucial role in the efficient storage of energy in the body. Mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a heterogeneous disorder with significant association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease and represents an important component of the residual ASCVD risk in statin treated patients despite optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Individuals with severe HTG (>1,000 mg/dL) rarely develop atherosclerosis but have an incremental incidence of acute pancreatitis with significant morbidity and mortality. HTG can occur from a combination of genetic (both mono and polygenic) and environmental factors including poor diet, low physical activity, obesity, medications, and diseases like insulin resistance and other endocrine pathologies. HTG represents a potential target for ASCVD risk and pancreatitis risk reduction, however data on ASCVD reduction by treating HTG is still lacking and HTG-associated acute pancreatitis occurs too rarely to effectively demonstrate treatment benefit. In this review, we address the key aspects of HTG pathophysiology and examine the mechanisms and background of current and emerging therapies in the management of HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Filtz
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Siddhant Parihar
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Garred S Greenberg
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Park
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Lorenzatti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan J Badimon
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Jaen, Jaen, Spain
- Atherothrombosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel E Soffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vera Bittner
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Zhai C, Wang Z, Cai J, Fang L, Li X, Jiang K, Shen Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu W, Wang T, Wu Q. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114844. [PMID: 38830500 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious trauma of the central nervous system. The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for professional phagocytes in the central nervous system, microglia, and their receptors in the control of myelin debris in neurodegenerative disease. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) has been demonstrated as a noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair and functional recovery. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of rTSMS on microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris in a rat SCI model. In our studies, we found that rTSMS significantly promoted the motor function recovery of SCI rats associated with the inhibition the neuroinflammation and glia scar formation. Immunofluorescence results further showed that the rTSMS promotes the clearance of myelin debris by microglia in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, receptor-associated protein (RAP), a Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) inhibitor, could cancel the accelerated microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after rTSMS in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, Elisa's results and western blotting respectively showed that rTSMS significantly decreased the levels of soluble LRP-1(sLRP-1) and the LRP-1 splicing enzyme of ADAM17. In conclusion, rTSMS could promote the clearance of myelin debris by microglia through LRP-1 to improve the functional recovery of SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Zhai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation medicine department, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Nanjing university of Chinese medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jili Cai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangzhe Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Kunmao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xingjun Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China.
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da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Kim SC, Uner AA, Hou ZS, Young J, Campolim C, Aydogan A, Chung B, Choi A, Yang WM, Kim WS, Prevot V, Caldarone BJ, Lee H, Kim YB. LRP1 in GABAergic neurons is a key link between obesity and memory function. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101941. [PMID: 38636794 PMCID: PMC11058729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) regulates energy homeostasis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and metabolic signaling in the brain. Deficiency of LRP1 in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons causes severe obesity in mice. However, the impact of LRP1 in inhibitory neurons on memory function and cognition in the context of obesity is poorly understood. METHODS Mice lacking LRP1 in GABAergic neurons (Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP) underwent behavioral tests for locomotor activity and motor coordination, short/long-term and spatial memory, and fear learning/memory. This study evaluated the relationships between behavior and metabolic risk factors and followed the mice at 16 and 32 weeks of age. RESULTS Deletion of LRP1 in GABAergic neurons caused a significant impairment in memory function in 32-week-old mice. In the spatial Y-maze test, Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice exhibited decreased travel distance and duration in the novel arm compared with controls (LRP1loxP/loxP mice). In addition, GABAergic neuron-specific LRP1-deficient mice showed a diminished capacity for performing learning and memory tasks during the water T-maze test. Moreover, reduced freezing time was observed in these mice during the contextual and cued fear conditioning tests. These effects were accompanied by increased neuronal necrosis and satellitosis in the hippocampus. Importantly, the distance and duration in the novel arm, as well as the performance of the reversal water T-maze test, negatively correlated with metabolic risk parameters, including body weight, serum leptin, insulin, and apolipoprotein J. However, in 16-week-old Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice, there were no differences in the behavioral tests or correlations between metabolic parameters and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that LRP1 from GABAergic neurons is important in regulating normal learning and memory. Metabolically, obesity caused by GABAergic LRP1 deletion negatively regulates memory and cognitive function in an age-dependent manner. Thus, LRP1 in GABAergic neurons may play a crucial role in maintaining normal excitatory/inhibitory balance, impacting memory function, and reinforcing the potential importance of LRP1 in neural system integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Aykut Uner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennie Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Campolim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmet Aydogan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Woojin S Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Mouse Behavior Core, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyon Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, Christensen SM, Dixon DL, Jacobson TA. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e320-e350. [PMID: 38664184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. RESULTS Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213 (Dr Bays).
| | - Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID (Dr Kirkpatrick).
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN (Dr Maki).
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Clinical Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Dr Toth).
| | - Ryan T Morgan
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Principal Investigator at Lynn Health Science Institute, 3555 NW 58th St., STE 910-W, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 (Dr Morgan).
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (Dr Tondt)
| | | | - Dave L Dixon
- Deptartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy 410 N 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533 (Dr Dixon).
| | - Terry A Jacobson
- Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Dr Jacobson).
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12
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Tindall CA, Möhlis K, Rapöhn I, Dommel S, Riedl V, Schneekönig M, Höfling C, Roßner S, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Weiner J, Heiker JT. LRP1 is the cell-surface endocytosis receptor for vaspin in adipocytes. FEBS J 2024; 291:2134-2154. [PMID: 37921063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaspin is a serine protease inhibitor that protects against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, two key drivers of adipocyte dysfunction and metabolic disorders in obesity. Inhibition of target proteases such as KLK7 has been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, while vaspin binding to cell surface GRP78 has been linked to reduced obesity-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms by which vaspin directly affects cellular processes in adipocytes remain unknown. Using fluorescently labeled vaspin, we found that vaspin is rapidly internalized by mouse and human adipocytes, but less efficiently by endothelial, kidney, liver, and neuronal cells. Internalization occurs by active, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is dependent on vaspin binding to the LRP1 receptor, rather than GRP78 as previously thought. This was demonstrated by competition experiments and RNAi-mediated knock-down in adipocytes and by rescuing vaspin internalization in LRP1-deficient Pea13 cells after transfection with a functional LRP1 minireceptor. Vaspin internalization is further increased in mature adipocytes after insulin-stimulated translocation of LRP1. Although vaspin has nanomolar affinity for LRP1 clusters II-IV, binding to cell surface heparan sulfates is required for efficient LRP1-mediated internalization. Native, but not cleaved vaspin, and also vaspin polymers are efficiently endocytosed, and ultimately targeted for lysosomal degradation. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the uptake and degradation of vaspin in adipocytes, thereby broadening our understanding of its functional repertoire. We hypothesize the vaspin-LRP1 axis to be an important mediator of vaspin effects not only in adipose tissue but also in other LRP1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Tindall
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronika Riedl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schneekönig
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Xu X, Yin K, Wu R. Systematic Investigation of the Trafficking of Glycoproteins on the Cell Surface. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100761. [PMID: 38593903 PMCID: PMC11087972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins located on the cell surface play a pivotal role in nearly every extracellular activity. N-glycosylation is one of the most common and important protein modifications in eukaryotic cells, and it often regulates protein folding and trafficking. Glycosylation of cell-surface proteins undergoes meticulous regulation by various enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi, ensuring their proper folding and trafficking to the cell surface. However, the impacts of protein N-glycosylation, N-glycan maturity, and protein folding status on the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins remain to be explored. In this work, we comprehensively and site-specifically studied the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins in human cells. Integrating metabolic labeling, bioorthogonal chemistry, and multiplexed proteomics, we investigated 706 N-glycosylation sites on 396 cell-surface glycoproteins in monocytes, either by inhibiting protein N-glycosylation, disturbing N-glycan maturation, or perturbing protein folding in the ER. The current results reveal their distinct impacts on the trafficking of surface glycoproteins. The inhibition of protein N-glycosylation dramatically suppresses the trafficking of many cell-surface glycoproteins. The N-glycan immaturity has more substantial effects on proteins with high N-glycosylation site densities, while the perturbation of protein folding in the ER exerts a more pronounced impact on surface glycoproteins with larger sizes. Furthermore, for N-glycosylated proteins, their trafficking to the cell surface is related to the secondary structures and adjacent amino acid residues of glycosylation sites. Systematic analysis of surface glycoprotein trafficking advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying protein secretion and surface presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Moll TOC, Farber SA. Zebrafish ApoB-Containing Lipoprotein Metabolism: A Closer Look. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1053-1064. [PMID: 38482694 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a powerful model of mammalian lipoprotein metabolism and lipid cell biology. Most key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including cholesteryl ester transfer protein, are conserved in zebrafish. Consequently, zebrafish exhibit a human-like lipoprotein profile. Zebrafish with mutations in genes linked to human metabolic diseases often mimic the human phenotype. Zebrafish larvae develop rapidly and externally around the maternally deposited yolk. Recent work revealed that any disturbance of lipoprotein formation leads to the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and an opaque yolk, providing a visible phenotype to investigate disturbances of the lipoprotein pathway, already leading to discoveries in MTTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B). By 5 days of development, the digestive system is functional, making it possible to study fluorescently labeled lipid uptake in the transparent larvae. These and other approaches enabled the first in vivo description of the STAB (stabilin) receptors, showing lipoprotein uptake in endothelial cells. Various zebrafish models have been developed to mimic human diseases by mutating genes known to influence lipoproteins (eg, ldlra, apoC2). This review aims to discuss the most recent research in the zebrafish ApoB-containing lipoprotein and lipid metabolism field. We also summarize new insights into lipid processing within the yolk cell and how changes in lipid flux alter yolk opacity. This curious new finding, coupled with the development of several techniques, can be deployed to identify new players in lipoprotein research directly relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea O C Moll
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Borrell-Pages M, Luquero A, Vilahur G, Padró T, Badimon L. Canonical Wnt pathway and the LDL receptor superfamily in neuronal cholesterol homeostasis and function. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:140-151. [PMID: 37882606 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS There is little information on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Whether cholesterol crosses the blood-brain barrier is under investigation, but the present understanding is that cholesterol metabolism in the brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues. Lipoprotein receptors from the LDL receptor family (LRPs) have key roles in lipid particle accumulation in cells involved in vascular and cardiac pathophysiology; however, their function on neural cells is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of LRP5 and the components and targets of its downstream signalling pathway, the canonical Wnt pathway, including β-catenin, LEF1, VEGF, OPN, MMP7, and ADAM10, is analysed in the brains of Wt and Lrp5-/- mice and in a neuroblastoma cell line. LRP5 expression is increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after lipid loading in neuronal cells; however, it does not participate in cholesterol homeostasis as shown by intracellular lipid accumulation analyses. Neurons challenged with staurosporin and H2O2 display an anti-apoptotic protective role for LRP5. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, it has been shown that neurons can accumulate intracellular lipids and lipid uptake is performed mainly by the LDLR, while CD36, LRP1, and LRP5 do not play a major role. In addition, it has been shown that LRP5 triggers the canonical Wnt pathway in neuronal cells to generate pro-survival signals. Finally, Lrp5-/- mice have maintained expression of LRP5 only in the brain supporting the biological plausible concept of the need of brain LRP5 to elicit pro-survival processes and embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Sant Pau Institute for Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Sant Pau Institute for Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Sant Pau Institute for Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Sant Pau Institute for Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Sant Pau Institute for Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Rodriguez M, Zheng Z. Connecting impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102394. [PMID: 38706781 PMCID: PMC11066549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal. Here, we review studies that observed connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. We also summarize the different correlations between thrombosis and dyslipidemia in different racial and ethnic groups. Finally, we summarize relevant and new findings on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. More studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia and whether these mechanisms differ in racially and ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rodriguez
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Nishimura S, Kariya H, Gakiya Y, Shinohara R, Nakamura Y, Mizoguchi T, Ohashi A, Motoyoshi M, Ninomiya T. LRP1-deficient leptin receptor-positive cells in periodontal ligament tissue reduce alveolar bone mass by inhibiting bone formation. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 158:105853. [PMID: 38041876 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin receptor-positive (LepR+) periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a crucial role in osteogenesis during tooth socket healing and orthodontic tooth movement; however, the factors regulating osteoblast differentiation remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the function of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in alveolar bone formation by examining conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking LRP1 in LepR+ cells. DESIGN Bone mass and formation were examined via bone morphometric analysis. Bone formation and resorption activities were determined via histochemical staining. Additionally, PDL cells collected from molars were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with the addition of BMP2 and to mineralize with the addition of osteogenic medium. Osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells was examined by measuring the expression of osteoblast markers. RESULTS Bone morphometry analysis revealed decreased mineral apposition rate and alveolar bone mass in cKO mice. Additionally, cKO mice showed a decreased number of osterix-positive cells in the PDL. cKO mice had a large number of osteoclasts around the alveolar bone near the root apex and mesial surface of the tooth. In the PDL cells from cKO mice, inhibition of mineralized matrix formation and decreased expression of alkaline phosphatase, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin were observed even when BMP2 was added to the medium. BMP2, BMP4, and osteoprotegerin expression also decreased, but RANKL expression increased dominantly. CONCLUSION LRP1 in LepR+ cells promotes bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Our findings can contribute to clinical research on bone diseases and help elucidate bone metabolism in the periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirabe Nishimura
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kariya
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Yu Gakiya
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Rie Shinohara
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 0061, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 8310, Japan.
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18
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Cafaro A, Schietroma I, Sernicola L, Belli R, Campagna M, Mancini F, Farcomeni S, Pavone-Cossut MR, Borsetti A, Monini P, Ensoli B. Role of HIV-1 Tat Protein Interactions with Host Receptors in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1704. [PMID: 38338977 PMCID: PMC10855115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Each time the virus starts a new round of expression/replication, even under effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the transactivator of viral transcription Tat is one of the first HIV-1 protein to be produced, as it is strictly required for HIV replication and spreading. At this stage, most of the Tat protein exits infected cells, accumulates in the extracellular matrix and exerts profound effects on both the virus and neighbor cells, mostly of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Through these effects, extracellular Tat contributes to the acquisition of infection, spreading and progression to AIDS in untreated patients, or to non-AIDS co-morbidities in ART-treated individuals, who experience inflammation and immune activation despite virus suppression. Here, we review the role of extracellular Tat in both the virus life cycle and on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, and we provide epidemiological and experimental evidence of the importance of targeting Tat to block residual HIV expression and replication. Finally, we briefly review vaccine studies showing that a therapeutic Tat vaccine intensifies ART, while its inclusion in a preventative vaccine may blunt escape from neutralizing antibodies and block early events in HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Cafaro
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.F.); (M.R.P.-C.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Ensoli
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.F.); (M.R.P.-C.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
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Pan S, Hale AT, Lemieux ME, Raval DK, Garton TP, Sadler B, Mahaney KB, Strahle JM. Iron homeostasis and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287559. [PMID: 38283681 PMCID: PMC10811254 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron physiology is regulated by a complex interplay of extracellular transport systems, coordinated transcriptional responses, and iron efflux mechanisms. Dysregulation of iron metabolism can result in defects in myelination, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuronal maturation. In neonates, germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) causes iron overload as a result of blood breakdown in the ventricles and brain parenchyma which can lead to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, the precise mechanisms by which GMH-IVH results in PHH remain elusive. Understanding the molecular determinants of iron homeostasis in the developing brain may lead to improved therapies. This manuscript reviews the various roles iron has in brain development, characterizes our understanding of iron transport in the developing brain, and describes potential mechanisms by which iron overload may cause PHH and brain injury. We also review novel preclinical treatments for IVH that specifically target iron. Understanding iron handling within the brain and central nervous system may provide a basis for preventative, targeted treatments for iron-mediated pathogenesis of GMH-IVH and PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T. Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mackenzie E. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhvanii K. Raval
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P. Garton
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke Sadler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelly B. Mahaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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20
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Bao X, Liang Y, Chang H, Cai T, Feng B, Gordon K, Zhu Y, Shi H, He Y, Xie L. Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38185721 PMCID: PMC10772138 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has evolved as a pivotal enzyme in lipid metabolism and a revolutionary therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and its related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review delineates the intricate roles and wide-ranging implications of PCSK9, extending beyond CVD to emphasize its significance in diverse physiological and pathological states, including liver diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably, cancer. Our exploration offers insights into the interaction between PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), elucidating its substantial impact on cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health. It also details the evolution of PCSK9-targeted therapies, translating foundational bench discoveries into bedside applications for optimized patient care. The advent and clinical approval of innovative PCSK9 inhibitory therapies (PCSK9-iTs), including three monoclonal antibodies (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, and Tafolecimab) and one small interfering RNA (siRNA, Inclisiran), have marked a significant breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine. These therapies have demonstrated unparalleled efficacy in mitigating hypercholesterolemia, reducing cardiovascular risks, and have showcased profound value in clinical applications, offering novel therapeutic avenues and a promising future in personalized medicine for cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, emerging research, inclusive of our findings, unveils PCSK9's potential role as a pivotal indicator for cancer prognosis and its prospective application as a transformative target for cancer treatment. This review also highlights PCSK9's aberrant expression in various cancer forms, its association with cancer prognosis, and its crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer immunity. In conclusion, this synthesized review integrates existing knowledge and novel insights on PCSK9, providing a holistic perspective on its transformative impact in reshaping therapeutic paradigms across various disorders. It emphasizes the clinical value and effect of PCSK9-iT, underscoring its potential in advancing the landscape of biomedical research and its capabilities in heralding new eras in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Bao
- Institute of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Clinical Research, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanman Chang
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianji Cai
- Department of Sociology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Baijie Feng
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin Gordon
- Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Lisnyak Y, Martynov A, Farber B. Interactions Between Antimicrobial Peptides and Targets Responsible for their Nephrotoxic Action: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:342-349. [PMID: 37670709 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230905100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymyxin is the last line of defense against resistant forms of microorganisms, but it has significant nephrotoxicity. One of the directions in reducing the nephrotoxicity of polymyxin is to modify the charge of the molecule and accordingly, to change the topicity of the polymyxin derivative to the renal megalin. Such modification can lead to a decrease in the accumulation of polymyxin in the kidneys and reduce its toxicity while maintaining its antimicrobial properties. The study aimed to investigate the structural aspects of polymyxin nephrotoxicity at the atomic level to promote the more purposeful development of the polymyxin's derivatives with the lower nephrotoxic action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes of polymyxin B and its derivative NAB7061 (that carries only three positive charges located within the macrocycle) with megalin were performed in program package YASARA structure with explicit water (TIP3P) and ions (0.9 % NaCl) in NPT ensemble using the AMRER03 force field. After 10 ns equilibration, each system was simulated at 298 K and pH 7.4 for a 25 ns production phase. Simulations were run twice for each molecular system. RESULTS By molecular dynamics simulations, the possibility was shown for polymyxin to form a stable complex with two neighbor structural domains of megalin in accord with the universal mechanism of binding the cationic ligands by ligand-binding CR repeats of the LDLR-family receptors. It was reported that interactions of megalin with polymyxin were stronger than with its derivative having no positively charged groups outside the macrocycle. The structural prerequisites of these differences were revealed, explaining the less nephrotoxicity of such derivatives compared to polymyxin. CONCLUSION Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of megalin interactions with polymyxin B and its derivative NAB7061, which carries no positive charges outside the macrocycle, revealed the possible structural prerequisites for the lower nephrotoxic action of such polymyxin derivatives. The weakening of polymyxins binding with megalin may become an effective preventive measure against polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Lisnyak
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Department of Molecular Immunopharmacology, Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Artur Martynov
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Department of Molecular Immunopharmacology, Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Boris Farber
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Department of Molecular Immunopharmacology, Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kharkov, Ukraine
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22
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Nagai TH, Hartigan C, Mizoguchi T, Yu H, Deik A, Bullock K, Wang Y, Cromley D, Schenone M, Cowan CA, Rader DJ, Clish CB, Carr SA, Xu YX. Chromatin regulator SMARCAL1 modulates cellular lipid metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1298. [PMID: 38129665 PMCID: PMC10739977 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the chromatin regulator SMARCAL1 cause Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia (SIOD), characterized by severe growth defects and premature mortality. Atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia are common among SIOD patients, yet their onset and progression are poorly understood. Using an integrative approach involving proteomics, mouse models, and population genetics, we investigated SMARCAL1's role. We found that SmarcAL1 interacts with angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3), a key regulator of lipoprotein metabolism. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate SmarcAL1's vital role in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis. The observed translocation of SmarcAL1 to cytoplasmic peroxisomes suggests a potential regulatory role in lipid metabolism through gene expression. SmarcAL1 gene inactivation reduces the expression of key genes in cellular lipid catabolism. Population genetics investigations highlight significant associations between SMARCAL1 genetic variations and body mass index, along with lipid-related traits. This study underscores SMARCAL1's pivotal role in cellular lipid metabolism, likely contributing to the observed lipid phenotypes in SIOD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanta Nagai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Haojie Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Debra Cromley
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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23
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Lee J, Lee H, Lee H, Shin M, Shin MG, Seo J, Lee EJ, Park SA, Park S. ANKS1A regulates LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated cerebrovascular clearance in brain endothelial cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8463. [PMID: 38123547 PMCID: PMC10733300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain endothelial LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is involved in the clearance of Aβ peptides across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we show that endothelial deficiency of ankyrin repeat and SAM domain containing 1 A (ANKS1A) reduces both the cell surface levels of LRP1 and the Aβ clearance across the BBB. Association of ANKS1A with the NPXY motifs of LRP1 facilitates the transport of LRP1 from the endoplasmic reticulum toward the cell surface. ANKS1A deficiency in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model results in exacerbated Aβ pathology followed by cognitive impairments. These deficits are reversible by gene therapy with brain endothelial-specific ANKS1A. In addition, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BBBs (iBBBs) were generated from endothelial cells lacking ANKS1A or carrying the rs6930932 variant. Those iBBBs exhibit both reduced cell surface LRP1 and impaired Aβ clearance. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ANKS1A regulates LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Miram Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Gi Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Park
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, and Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea.
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24
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Williams GL, Zhang Y, O'Neil MM, Maia TS, West SM, Alves BRC, Garza V, Welsh JTH, Cardoso RC. Interaction of pre- and postnatal nutrition on expression of leptin receptor variants and transporter molecules, leptin transport, and functional response to leptin in heifers†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:892-903. [PMID: 37698264 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal nutrition modulates the hypothalamic neurocircuitries controlling GnRH release, thus programming pubertal maturation in female mammals. Objectives of experiments reported here were to test the hypotheses that prenatal nutrition during mid- to late gestation interacts with postnatal nutrition during the juvenile period in heifer offspring to alter expression of leptin receptor (LepR) variants (ObRa, ObRb, ObRc, ObRt), and lipoprotein transporter molecules (LRP1 and 2) in the choroid plexus, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier, and hypothalamic-hypophyseal responsiveness to exogenous ovine leptin (oleptin) during fasting. Nutritional programming of heifers employed a 3 × 2 factorial design of maternal (high, H; low, L; and moderate, M) × postnatal (H and L) dietary treatments. Results (Expt. 1) demonstrated that prepubertal heifers born to L dams, regardless of postnatal diet, had reduced expression of the short isoform of ObRc compared to H and M dams, with sporadic effects of undernutrition (L or LL) on ObRb, ObRt, and LRP1. Intravenous administration of oleptin to a selected postpubertal group (HH, MH, LL) of ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted heifers fasted for 56 h (Expt. 2) did not create detectable increases in third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid but increased gonadotropin secretion in all nutritional groups tested. Previous work has shown that leptin enhances gonadotropin secretion during fasting via effects at both hypothalamic and anterior pituitary levels in cattle. Given the apparent lack of robust transfer of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in the current study, effects of leptin at the adenohypophyseal level may predominate in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Williams
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Meaghan M O'Neil
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tatiane S Maia
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sarah M West
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bruna R C Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Viviana Garza
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jr Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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25
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Han W, Zhang H, Feng L, Dang R, Wang J, Cui C, Jiang P. The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e410. [PMID: 37916034 PMCID: PMC10616655 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood-brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
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Apaydin O, Altaikyzy A, Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Alpha-1 adrenergic signaling drives cardiac regeneration via extracellular matrix remodeling transcriptional program in zebrafish macrophages. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2460-2476.e7. [PMID: 37875117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiac repair. Here, we describe the mechanistic underpinning of adrenergic signaling in fibrotic and regenerative response of the heart to be dependent on immunomodulation. A pharmacological approach identified adrenergic receptor alpha-1 as a key regulator of macrophage phenotypic diversification following myocardial damage in zebrafish. Genetic manipulation and single-cell transcriptomics showed that the receptor signals activation of an "extracellular matrix remodeling" transcriptional program in a macrophage subset, which serves as a key regulator of matrix composition and turnover. Mechanistically, adrenergic receptor alpha-1-activated macrophages determine activation of collagen-12-expressing fibroblasts, a cellular determinant of cardiac regenerative niche, through midkine-mediated paracrine crosstalk, allowing lymphatic and blood vessel growth and cardiomyocyte proliferation at the lesion site. These findings identify the mechanism of adrenergic signaling in macrophage phenotypic and functional determination and highlight the potential of neural modulation for regulation of fibrosis and coordination of myocardial regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Apaydin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akerke Altaikyzy
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Shaikh MH, Dawson A, Prokopec SD, Barrett JW, Y F Zeng P, Khan MI, Ryan SEB, Cecchini M, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Loss of LRP1B expression drives acquired chemo and radio-resistance in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106580. [PMID: 37778229 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients typically experience excellent survival, 15-20 % of patients recur after treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers of treatment failure to guide treatment intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole genome sequencing was carried out on HPV+OPSCC patients who were primarily treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin) and radiation. We then explored whether the loss of LRP1Bwas sufficient to drive an aggressive phenotype, and promote a resistance to cisplatin and radiation therapy both in vitro using HPV+ cell lines (93VU147T, UMSCC47, UWO37 and UWO23) and in vivo. RESULTS Through integrative genomic analysis of three HPV+OPSCC tumour datasets, we identified that deletion of LRP1B was enriched in samples that recurred following chemo-radiation. Knockdown using siRNA in four HPV+ cell lines (UWO23, UWO37, UMSCC47 and 93VU147T) resulted in increased proliferation of all cases. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of LRP1B in the same cell line panel demonstrated increased proliferation, clonogenic growth and migration, as well as resistance to both cisplatin and radiation in LRP1B deleted cells compared to their respective non-targeting control cells. Cell line derived xenograft studies indicated that the LRP1B knockout tumours were more resistant to cisplatin and radiation therapy compared to their controls invivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our work implicates LRP1B deletion as a potential biomarker for identifying treatment resistant HPV+ OPSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Dawson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E B Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Whitehead CA, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Invadopodia associated Thrombospondin-1 contributes to a post-therapy pro-invasive response in glioblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113743. [PMID: 37591452 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is its highly invasive nature which promotes cell migration throughout the brain and hinders surgical resection and effective drug delivery. GBM cells demonstrate augmented invasive capabilities following exposure to the current gold standard treatment of radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), resulting in rapid disease recurrence. Elucidating the mechanisms employed by post-treatment invasive GBM cells is critical to the development of more effective therapies. In this study, we utilized a Nanostring® Cancer Progression gene expression panel to identify candidate genes that may be involved in enhanced GBM cell invasion after treatment with clinically relevant doses of RT/TMZ. Our findings identified thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) as a pro-invasive gene that is upregulated in these cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that THBS1 localised within functional matrix-degrading invadopodia that formed on the surface of GBM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of THBS1 resulted in enhanced GBM cell migration and secretion of MMP-2, which was reduced with silencing of THBS1. The preliminary data demonstrates that THBS1 is associated with invadopodia in GBM cells and is likely involved in the invadopodia-mediated invasive process in GBM cells exposed to RT/TMZ treatment. Therapeutic inhibition of THBS1-mediated invadopodia activity, which facilitates GBM cell invasion, should be further investigated as a treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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29
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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Trumpp M, Tan WH, Burdzinski W, Basler Y, Jatzlau J, Knaus P, Winkler C. Characterization of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progessiva relevant Acvr1/Acvr2 Activin receptors in medaka (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291379. [PMID: 37708126 PMCID: PMC10501582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling plays crucial roles in vertebrate organ formation, including osteo- and angiogenesis, and tissue homeostasis, such as neuronal maintenance. Activin and BMP signaling needs to be precisely controlled by restricted expression of shared receptors, stoichiometric composition of receptor-complexes and presence of regulatory proteins. A R206H mutation in the human (hs) BMP type I receptor hsACVR1, on the other hand, leads to excessive phosphorylation of Sons of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5/8. This in turn causes increased inflammation and heterotopic ossification in soft tissues of patients suffering from Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). Several animal models have been established to understand the spontaneous and progressive nature of FOP, but often have inherent limitations. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, ola) has recently emerged as popular model for bone research. To assess whether medaka is suitable as a potential FOP animal model, we determined the expression of Activin receptor type I (ACVR1) orthologs olaAcvr1 and olaAcvr1l with that of Activin type II receptors olaAcvr2ab, olaAcvr2ba and olaAcvr2bb in embryonic and adult medaka tissues by in situ hybridization. Further, we showed that Activin A binding properties are conserved in olaAcvr2, as are the mechanistic features in the GS-Box of both olaAcvr1 and olaAcvr1l. This consequently leads to FOP-typical elevated SMAD signaling when the medaka type I receptors carry the R206H equivalent FOP mutation. Together, this study therefore provides experimental groundwork needed to establish a unique medaka model to investigate mechanisms underlying FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trumpp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wiktor Burdzinski
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yara Basler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Gao DL, Johal MS. LRP-1 Binds Fibrinogen in a Sialylation-Dependent Manner: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10375-10382. [PMID: 37459110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Atherosclerosis, the dominant condition leading to CVD, is characterized by fibrofatty plaque formation. Fibrinogen, an important clotting factor, has been known to promote atherogenesis as it retains the ability to trigger smooth muscle cell proliferation, localize in areas crucial to plaque progression, and bind both platelets and leukocytes. Yet, these consequences can be suppressed through anti-inflammatory receptors like LRP-1─an endocytic receptor part of the LDLR family responsible for the endocytosis of cell debris and protein degradation products. However, the continual progression of atherosclerosis in many patients indicates that such clearance mechanisms, deemed efferocytosis, are impaired during atherosclerosis. Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) as a platform to investigate receptor-ligand interactions, we identify fibrinogen to be a ligand of LRP-1 and characterize its binding with LRP-1. By examining a key player in atherosclerosis development─the effect of sialidase on receptor efficacy─we found that the desialylation of LRP-1 reduces its ability to bind fibrinogen. Protein docking simulations highlighted the N-terminus portion of fibrinogen's α domain as the LRP-1 docking site. The sialylated O-linked glycans at T894 and T935 have the potential to mediate direct binding of LRP-1 to fibrinogen and support the tertiary structure of LRP-1. These phenomena are important in showing a probable cause of defective efferocytosis that occurs readily during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 N College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 United States
| | - Malkiat S Johal
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 N College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 United States
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32
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Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1190240. [PMID: 37383546 PMCID: PMC10293750 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein related protein receptor 1 (LRP1), also known as CD91 or α-Macroglobulin-receptor, is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with more than 40 known ligands. It plays an important biological role as receptor of morphogens, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors and pathogens. In the CNS, it has primarily been studied as a receptor and clearance agent of pathogenic factors such as Aβ-peptide and, lately, Tau protein that is relevant for tissue homeostasis and protection against neurodegenerative processes. Recently, it was found that LRP1 expresses the Lewis-X (Lex) carbohydrate motif and is expressed in the neural stem cell compartment. The removal of Lrp1 from the cortical radial glia compartment generates a strong phenotype with severe motor deficits, seizures and a reduced life span. The present review discusses approaches that have been taken to address the neurodevelopmental significance of LRP1 by creating novel, lineage-specific constitutive or conditional knockout mouse lines. Deficits in the stem cell compartment may be at the root of severe CNS pathologies.
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Zhang L, Xia Y, Gui Y. Neuronal ApoE4 in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1199434. [PMID: 37333457 PMCID: PMC10272394 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1199434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a gene located on chromosome 19 that encodes three alleles (e2, e3, and e4) that give rise to the ApoE subtypes E2, E3, and E4, respectively. E2 and E4 have been linked to increased plasma triglyceride concentrations and are known to play a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism. The prominent pathological features of AD mainly include senile plaques formed by amyloid β (Aβ42) aggregation and neuronal fibrous tangles (NFTs), and the deposited plaques are mainly composed of Aβ hyperphosphorylation and truncated head. In the central nervous system, the ApoE protein is primarily derived from astrocytes, but ApoE is also produced when neurons are stressed or affected by certain stress, injury, and aging conditions. ApoE4 in neurons induces Aβ and tau protein pathologies, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, impairing learning and memory functions. However, how neuronal ApoE4 mediates AD pathology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that neuronal ApoE4 may lead to greater neurotoxicity, which increases the risk of AD development. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of neuronal ApoE4 and explains how neuronal ApoE4 mediates Aβ deposition, pathological mechanisms of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and potential therapeutic targets.
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34
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Nel J, Elkhoury K, Velot É, Bianchi A, Acherar S, Francius G, Tamayol A, Grandemange S, Arab-Tehrany E. Functionalized liposomes for targeted breast cancer drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:401-437. [PMID: 36632508 PMCID: PMC9812688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the exceptional progress in breast cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, it remains a prominent cause of female mortality worldwide. Additionally, although chemotherapies are effective, they are associated with critical limitations, most notably their lack of specificity resulting in systemic toxicity and the eventual development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. Liposomes have proven to be an invaluable drug delivery system but of the multitudes of liposomal systems developed every year only a few have been approved for clinical use, none of which employ active targeting. In this review, we summarize the most recent strategies in development for actively targeted liposomal drug delivery systems for surface, transmembrane and internal cell receptors, enzymes, direct cell targeting and dual-targeting of breast cancer and breast cancer-associated cells, e.g., cancer stem cells, cells associated with the tumor microenvironment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janske Nel
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Émilie Velot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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35
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Li SY, Guo YL, Tian JW, Zhang HJ, Li RF, Gong P, Yu ZL. Anti-Tumor Strategies by Harnessing the Phagocytosis of Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2717. [PMID: 37345054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the human body in both physiological and pathological conditions, engulfing undesirable substances and participating in several processes, such as organism growth, immune regulation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Macrophages play an important role in anti-bacterial and anti-tumoral responses. Aberrance in the phagocytosis of macrophages may lead to the development of several diseases, including tumors. Tumor cells can evade the phagocytosis of macrophages, and "educate" macrophages to become pro-tumoral, resulting in the reduced phagocytosis of macrophages. Hence, harnessing the phagocytosis of macrophages is an important approach to bolster the efficacy of anti-tumor treatment. In this review, we elucidated the underlying phagocytosis mechanisms, such as the equilibrium among phagocytic signals, receptors and their respective signaling pathways, macrophage activation, as well as mitochondrial fission. We also reviewed the recent progress in the area of application strategies on the basis of the phagocytosis mechanism, including strategies targeting the phagocytic signals, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and macrophage activators. We also covered recent studies of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophage (CAR-M)-based anti-tumor therapy. Furthermore, we summarized the shortcomings and future applications of each strategy and look into their prospects with the hope of providing future research directions for developing the application of macrophage phagocytosis-promoting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong-Lin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Wen Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - He-Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Gong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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36
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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37
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Mazura AD, Pietrzik CU. Endocrine Regulation of Microvascular Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis and Its Therapeutic Opportunities: Insights by PCSK9-Mediated Regulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041268. [PMID: 37111752 PMCID: PMC10144601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, many neurological disorders lack effective treatment options due to biological barriers that effectively separate the central nervous system (CNS) from the periphery. CNS homeostasis is maintained by a highly selective exchange of molecules, with tightly controlled ligand-specific transport systems at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) playing a key role. Exploiting or modifying these endogenous transport systems could provide a valuable tool for targeting insufficient drug delivery into the CNS or pathological changes in the microvasculature. However, little is known about how BBB transcytosis is continuously regulated to respond to temporal or chronic changes in the environment. The aim of this mini-review is to draw attention to the sensitivity of the BBB to circulating molecules derived from peripheral tissues, which may indicate a fundamental endocrine-operating regulatory system of receptor-mediated transcytosis at the BBB. We present our thoughts in the context of the recent observation that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated clearance of brain amyloid-β (Aβ) across the BBB is negatively regulated by peripheral proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). We hope that our conclusions will inspire future investigations of the BBB as dynamic communication interface between the CNS and periphery, whose peripheral regulatory mechanisms could be easily exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Mazura
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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38
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Joseph BB, Naslavsky N, Binti S, Conquest S, Robison L, Bai G, Homer RO, Grant BD, Caplan S, Fay DS. Conserved NIMA kinases regulate multiple steps of endocytic trafficking. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010741. [PMID: 37099601 PMCID: PMC10166553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human NIMA-related kinases have primarily been studied for their roles in cell cycle progression (NEK1/2/6/7/9), checkpoint-DNA-damage control (NEK1/2/4/5/10/11), and ciliogenesis (NEK1/4/8). We previously showed that Caenorhabditis elegans NEKL-2 (NEK8/9 homolog) and NEKL-3 (NEK6/7 homolog) regulate apical clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in the worm epidermis and are essential for molting. Here we show that NEKL-2 and NEKL-3 also have distinct roles in controlling endosome function and morphology. Specifically, loss of NEKL-2 led to enlarged early endosomes with long tubular extensions but showed minimal effects on other compartments. In contrast, NEKL-3 depletion caused pronounced defects in early, late, and recycling endosomes. Consistently, NEKL-2 was strongly localized to early endosomes, whereas NEKL-3 was localized to multiple endosomal compartments. Loss of NEKLs also led to variable defects in the recycling of two resident cargoes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN), MIG-14/Wntless and TGN-38/TGN38, which were missorted to lysosomes after NEKL depletion. In addition, defects were observed in the uptake of clathrin-dependent (SMA-6/Type I BMP receptor) and independent cargoes (DAF-4/Type II BMP receptor) from the basolateral surface of epidermal cells after NEKL-2 or NEKL-3 depletion. Complementary studies in human cell lines further showed that siRNA knockdown of the NEKL-3 orthologs NEK6 and NEK7 led to missorting of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor from endosomes. Moreover, in multiple human cell types, depletion of NEK6 or NEK7 disrupted both early and recycling endosomal compartments, including the presence of excess tubulation within recycling endosomes, a defect also observed after NEKL-3 depletion in worms. Thus, NIMA family kinases carry out multiple functions during endocytosis in both worms and humans, consistent with our previous observation that human NEKL-3 orthologs can rescue molting and trafficking defects in C. elegans nekl-3 mutants. Our findings suggest that trafficking defects could underlie some of the proposed roles for NEK kinases in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braveen B. Joseph
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shaonil Binti
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Conquest
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Lexi Robison
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rafael O. Homer
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Barth D. Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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Wang AJ, Ren J, Wang A, Hascall VC. Heparin and calreticulin interact on the surface of early G0/G1 dividing rat mesangial cells to regulate hyperglycemic glucose-induced responses. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103074. [PMID: 36858200 PMCID: PMC10060746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin can block pathological responses associated with diabetic nephropathy in animal models and human patients. Our previous studies showed that the interaction of heparin on the surface of rat mesangial cells (RMCs) entering G1 of cell division in hyperglycemic glucose: 1) blocked glucose uptake by glucose transporter 4; 2) inhibited cytosolic uridine diphosphate-glucose elevation that would occur within 6 h from G0/G1; and 3) prevented subsequent activation of hyaluronan synthesis in intracellular compartments and subsequent inflammatory responses. However, specific proteins that interact with heparin are unresolved. Here, we showed by live cell imaging that fluorescent heparin was rapidly internalized into the cytoplasm and then into the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nuclei compartments. Biotinylated-heparin was applied onto the surface of growth arrested G0/G1 RMCs in order to extract heparin-binding protein(s). SDS-PAGE gels showed two bands at ∼70 kDa in the extract that were absent when unlabeled heparin was used to compete. Trypsin digests of the bands were analyzed by MS and identified as calreticulin and prelamin A/C. Immunostaining with their antibodies identified the presence of calreticulin on the G0/G1 RMC cell surface. Previous studies have shown that calreticulin can be on the cell surface and can interact with the LDL receptor-related protein, which has been implicated in glucose transport by interaction with glucose transporter 4. Thus, cell surface calreticulin can act as a heparin receptor through a mechanism involving LRP1, which prevents the intracellular responses in high glucose and reprograms the cells to synthesize an extracellular hyaluronan matrix after division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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40
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Mikulska P, Malinowska M, Ignacyk M, Szustowski P, Nowak J, Pesta K, Szeląg M, Szklanny D, Judasz E, Kaczmarek G, Ejiohuo OP, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Gościniak A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041057. [PMID: 37111543 PMCID: PMC10147008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant surge in reports on the health-promoting benefits of winter cherry (Withania somnifera), also known as Ashwagandha. Its current research covers many aspects of human health, including neuroprotective, sedative and adaptogenic effects and effects on sleep. There are also reports of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic properties. Furthermore, there are reports of reproductive outcomes and tarcicidal hormone action. This growing body of research on Ashwagandha highlights its potential as a valuable natural remedy for many health concerns. This narrative review delves into the most recent findings and provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of ashwagandha’s potential uses and any known safety concerns and contraindications.
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41
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Nguyen HLT, Peng G, Trujillo-Paez JV, Yue H, Ikutama R, Takahashi M, Umehara Y, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-IBP5 Suppresses Dermatitis-like Lesions in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065200. [PMID: 36982275 PMCID: PMC10049508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (AMP-IBP5) exhibits antimicrobial activities and immunomodulatory functions in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, its role in regulating skin barrier function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of AMP-IBP5 on the skin barrier and its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was used to induce AD-like skin inflammation. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability assays were used to investigate tight junction (TJ) barrier function in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mice. AMP-IBP5 increased the expression of TJ-related proteins and their distribution along the intercellular borders. AMP-IBP5 also improved TJ barrier function through activation of the atypical protein kinase C and Rac1 pathways. In AD mice, AMP-IBP5 ameliorated dermatitis-like symptoms restored the expression of TJ-related proteins, suppressed the expression of inflammatory and pruritic cytokines, and improved skin barrier function. Interestingly, the ability of AMP-IBP5 to alleviate inflammation and improve skin barrier function in AD mice was abolished in mice treated with an antagonist of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) receptor. Collectively, these findings indicate that AMP-IBP5 may ameliorate AD-like inflammation and enhance skin barrier function through LRP1, suggesting a possible role for AMP-IBP5 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ge Peng
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Risa Ikutama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591; Fax: +81-3-3813-5512
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Cudna A, Bronisz E, Mirowska-Guzel D, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and its inhibitor after tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsy Res 2023; 192:107115. [PMID: 36958106 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may result from on-going neuroinflammation, which can lead to leakage of blood components, such as leukocytes and serum proteins, into the brain, resulting in disturbed brain homeostasis. The aim of the project was to examine the involvement of modulatory proteins in the processes of BBB integration after epileptic seizures. We investigated serum changes in the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-7 and its inhibitors after seizures in epilepsy patients. Concentrations of these proteins were measured by ELISA in 50 patients at 1-3, 24, and 72 h after generalized tonic-clonic seizures and once in participants of the control group. The level of MMP-2 in serum was slightly higher after seizures (at 1-3 h time point), but the difference was not statistically significant. The levels of trombospondine (TSP) - 1 and - 2 were decreased at 1-3 h after seizures. The expression of TIMP-2 was increased 1 and 24 h after seizures. There were no significant changes in the level of α2-macroglobulin and MMP-7. Changes in the expression of both specific and non-specific inhibitors indicate the initiation of repair processes of the blood-brain barrier and improvement of its integrity. Since we performed serum analysis, further studies are necessary to investigate the correlation with the expression of the investigated markers in the brain. Perhaps this will allow for the identification of new biomarkers associated with epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cudna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Bronisz
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Goldstein ED, Garg G, Navarro K, Wolcott Z, Yaghi S, Wong KH, McLean K, de Havenon AH. Statin Usage Increases White Matter Hyperintensities: A Post Hoc Analysis of SPRINT-MIND. Neurologist 2023; 28:94-98. [PMID: 35680399 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a radiographic marker of cerebral small vessel disease, occurs with uncontrolled conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. Less certain, however, is the influence of dyslipidemia and the impact of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors (statins) on WMH progression. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of statins on the progression of WMH over a 4-year interval. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT-MIND database on those with serial volumetric WMH data. WMH progression was calculated as the difference in WMH volume between the 2 scans and then segmented into tertiles due to rightward skew. We defined statin usage as no therapy (0% of visits), partial therapy (1% to 99% of visits) or full therapy (100% of visits) as logged during study visits. Analysis of variance and χ 2 tests were used for continuous and categorical variables with adjustments made for variables known to influence WMH development. RESULTS A total of 425 individuals were included in this study: 53% without statins use, 27% partial use, and 20% full use. Demographic characteristics and baseline WMH volumes were similar among the cohort. Those with full statin use were significantly more likely to be in the top tertile of WMH progression (adjusted odds ratio: 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-4.77, P =0.025), despite improvement in dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS SPRINT-MIND participants prescribed a statin were nearly 2.5 times more likely to be within the top tertile of WMH progression over 4 years, despite adjustment for synergistic risk factors and improvement in low-density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Goldstein
- Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Gauri Garg
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kayla Navarro
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Zoe Wolcott
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ka-Ho Wong
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kaitlin McLean
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Garcia E, Camps-Renom P, Puig N, Fernández-Leon A, Aguilera-Simón A, Benitez-Amaro A, Solé A, Vilades D, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Benitez S, Llorente-Cortés V. Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 as a surrogate marker of carotid plaque inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG PET in patients with a recent ischemic stroke. J Transl Med 2023; 21:131. [PMID: 36805772 PMCID: PMC9940334 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) identifies carotid plaque inflammation and predicts stroke recurrence. AIM Our aim was to evaluate the performance of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (sLRP1) as an indicator of carotid plaque inflammation. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among adult patients with recent (< 7 days) anterior circulation ischemic stroke and at least one atherosclerotic plaque in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Patients underwent an early (< 15 days from inclusion) 18F-FDG PET, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within the plaque was measured. sLRP1 levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. The association of sLRP1 with SUVmax was assessed using bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with Cox regression to evaluate the association between circulating sLRP1 and stroke recurrence. RESULTS The study was conducted with 64 participants, of which 57.8% had ≥ 50% carotid stenosis. The multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses showed that sLRP1 was independently associated with (i) SUVmax within the plaque (β = 0.159, 95% CI 0.062-0.257, p = 0.002) and (ii) a probability of presenting SUVmax ≥ 2.85 g/mL (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p = 0.046), respectively. Participants with stroke recurrence showed higher sLRP1 levels at baseline [6447 ng/mL (4897-11163) vs. 3713 ng/mL (2793-4730); p = 0.018]. CONCLUSIONS sLRP1 was independently associated with carotid plaque inflammation as measured by 18F-FDG PET in patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Garcia
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Puig
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Building M, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Leon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Aguilera-Simón
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Building M, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Solé
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Vilades
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Beenken A, Cerutti G, Brasch J, Guo Y, Sheng Z, Erdjument-Bromage H, Aziz Z, Robbins-Juarez SY, Chavez EY, Ahlsen G, Katsamba PS, Neubert TA, Fitzpatrick AWP, Barasch J, Shapiro L. Structures of LRP2 reveal a molecular machine for endocytosis. Cell 2023; 186:821-836.e13. [PMID: 36750096 PMCID: PMC9993842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2 or megalin) is representative of the phylogenetically conserved subfamily of giant LDL receptor-related proteins, which function in endocytosis and are implicated in diseases of the kidney and brain. Here, we report high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of LRP2 isolated from mouse kidney, at extracellular and endosomal pH. The structures reveal LRP2 to be a molecular machine that adopts a conformation for ligand binding at the cell surface and for ligand shedding in the endosome. LRP2 forms a homodimer, the conformational transformation of which is governed by pH-sensitive sites at both homodimer and intra-protomer interfaces. A subset of LRP2 deleterious missense variants in humans appears to impair homodimer assembly. These observations lay the foundation for further understanding the function and mechanism of LDL receptors and implicate homodimerization as a conserved feature of the LRP receptor subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Beenken
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zainab Aziz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Estefania Y Chavez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony W P Fitzpatrick
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University George M. O'Brien Urology Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Soler Y, Rodriguez M, Austin D, Gineste C, Gelber C, El-Hage N. SERPIN-Derived Small Peptide (SP16) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against HIV-Induced Inflammatory Molecules and Viral Replication in Cells of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040632. [PMID: 36831299 PMCID: PMC9954444 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increasing the survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, low levels of viremia persist in the brain of patients leading to glia (microglia and astrocytes)-induced neuroinflammation and consequently, the reactivation of HIV and neuronal injury. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of a Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP-1) agonistic small peptide drug (SP16) in attenuating HIV replication and the secretion of inflammatory molecules in brain reservoirs. SP16 was developed by Serpin Pharma and is derived from the pentapeptide sequence of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The SP16 peptide sequence was subsequently modified to improve the stability, bioavailability, efficacy, and binding to LRP-1; a scavenger regulatory receptor that internalizes ligands to induce anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and pro-survival signals. Using glial cells infected with HIV, we showed that: (i) SP16 attenuated viral-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules; and (ii) SP16 attenuated viral replication. Using an artificial 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) system, we showed that: (i) SP16 was transported across the BBB; and (ii) restored the permeability of the BBB compromised by HIV. Mechanistically, we showed that SP16 interaction with LRP-1 and binding lead to: (i) down-regulation in the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and (ii) up-regulation in the expression levels of Akt. Using an in vivo mouse model, we showed that SP16 was transported across the BBB after intranasal delivery, while animals infected with EcoHIV undergo a reduction in (i) viral replication and (ii) viral secreted inflammatory molecules, after exposure to SP16 and antiretrovirals. Overall, these studies confirm a therapeutic response of SP16 against HIV-associated inflammatory effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dana Austin
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cyrille Gineste
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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Babio L, Damsteegt EL, Lokman PM. Lipoprotein receptors in ovary of eel, Anguilla australis: molecular characterisation of putative vitellogenin receptors. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:117-137. [PMID: 36648592 PMCID: PMC9935665 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein receptors, including low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) relatives (Lrs) and LDLr-related proteins (Lrps), belong to the LDLr supergene family and participate in diverse physiological functions. In this study, novel sequences of lr and lrp genes expressed in the ovary of the short-finned eel, Anguilla australis, during early gonadal development are presented. The genes encoding the LDLr-like, Lrp1-like, Lrp1b-like, Lrp3, Lrp4-like, Lrp5-like, Lrp6, Lrp10, Lrp11, Lrp12-like, and Lr11-like proteins were found and identified by sequence and structure analysis, in addition to phylogenetic analysis. Genes encoding proteins previously implicated in follicle development and vitellogenin (Vtg) uptake in oviparous vertebrates were also identified, i.e. lr8 (including lr8 + and lr8- variants) and lrp13; their identification was reinforced by conserved synteny with orthologues in other teleost fish. Compared to other lr/lrp genes, the genes encoding Lr8 + , Lr8-, and Lrp13 were highly expressed in ovary during early development, decreasing as oocyte development advanced when induced by hypophysation. Furthermore, lr8 + , lr8-, and lrp13 were dominantly expressed in the ovary when compared with 17 other tissues. Finally, this study successfully detected the expression of both lr8 variants, which showed different expression patterns to those reported in other oviparous vertebrates and provided the first characterisation of Lrp13 in Anguilla sp. We propose that lr8 + , lr8-, and lrp13 encode putative Vtg receptors in anguillid eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Babio
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9054 New Zealand
| | - Erin L. Damsteegt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9054 New Zealand
| | - P. Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, Otago 9054 New Zealand
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48
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Wang H, Liang L, Yang C, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu Z. The protective role of hippocampal LRP1 knockdown involves synaptic plasticity through the promoting microtubule dynamics and activation of Akt/GSK-3β pathway in depressive rats. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:63-75. [PMID: 36372121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which synaptic plasticity mediates the occurrence of depression is unknown. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) affects axon growth and neurogenesis in the brain, but its role in depressive-like behaviors is poorly understood. METHODS Adeno-associated virus-mediated small interfering RNA was injected into the bilateral hippocampus 14 days before chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Behavior performance was assessed for depressive-like behaviors. Western blot was conducted to detect levels of LRP1, neurogenesis-related proteins, synaptic markers, microtubule system molecules and Akt/GSK-3β signaling-related proteins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for LRP1 protein, immunofluorescence staining was conducted to determine the Sox2 protein, Nissl's staining and transmission electron microscope staining were used to observe hippocampal morphological features. RESULTS The expression of hippocampal LRP1 was positively correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Treatment with iAAV-LRP1 exerted protective effects on depressive-like behaviors. LRP1 Knockdown relieved the inhibition of synaptic plasticity induced by CUMS. Expression of Sox2, GluR2 and SYP was significantly increased in iAAV-LRP1 CUMS rats. LRP1 knockdown reduced the p-tau (Ser262 and Thr404) and Acet-tubule levels in depressed rats. Finally, we found that LRP1 knockdown activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited GSK-3β signal transduction. LIMITATIONS More neurogenesis markers would be considered, and stereotactic injection into hippocampal DG region could be performed to investigate the effects of LRP1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that hippocampal LRP1 deficiency in stressed rats plays an important protective role in depressive-like behavior by increasing synaptic plasticity mediated by microtubule dynamic and activating Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Therefore, LRP1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238#, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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49
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Sizova O, John LS, Ma Q, Molldrem JJ. Multi-faceted role of LRP1 in the immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166189. [PMID: 37020553 PMCID: PMC10069629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents the major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT). GVHD-prone patients rely on GVHD prophylaxis (e.g. methotrexate) and generalized anti-GVHD medical regimen (glucocorticoids). New anti-GVHD therapy strategies are being constantly explored, however there is an urgent need to improve current treatment, since GVHD-related mortality reaches 22% within 5 years in patients with chronic GVHD. This review is an attempt to describe a very well-known receptor in lipoprotein studies - the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) - in a new light, as a potential therapeutic target for GVHD prevention and treatment. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that LRP1 deletion in donor murine T cells results in significantly lower GVHD-related mortality in recipient mice with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) -mismatched HSCT. Given the importance of T cells in the development of GVHD, there is a significant gap in scientific literature regarding LRP1's role in T cell biology. Furthermore, there is limited research interest and publications on this classical receptor molecule in other immune cell types. Herein, we endeavor to summarize existing knowledge about LRP1's role in various immune cells to demonstrate the possibility of this receptor to serve as a novel target for anti-GVHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sizova
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa St. John
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- ECLIPSE, Therapeutic Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey J. Molldrem,
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Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ortiz GG, Sánchez-Romero L, Delgado-Lara DLC, García Martínez MT, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Cruz Serrano JA, Pacheco Moisés FP. Dietary fish oil increases catalase activity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1364-1368. [PMID: 36327127 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. Oxidative stress accompanies pathological changes in AD. Objective: to assess the efficacy of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on the levels of proteins oxidation, hydroperoxides and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in AD patients. Methods: clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed fish oil or placebo for one year. Oxidative stress markers were assessed in plasma using spectrophotometric methods. Results: carbonyl groups in proteins and hydroperoxides in plasma have similar values in both treatment groups at the beginning of the study. At six and 12 months of treatment, these values decreased significantly in the fish oil group, while in the placebo group no changes were observed in both oxidative stress markers. Catalase activity increased significantly at six and twelve months after treatment in patients treated with fish oil. While the superoxide dismutase activity was not modified in both study groups. Conclusions: patients who consume omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a stable dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show decreased oxidation of proteins and lipids in plasma. In addition, an increase in catalase activity was detected. Thus, the presented data warrants further studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Daniela L C Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine HC. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - María T García Martínez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - Mario-Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology. High Speciality Medical Unit. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - Fermín Paul Pacheco Moisés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
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