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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5541-5571. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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Calvo JR, Maldonado MD. Immunoregulatory properties of melatonin in the humoral immune system: A narrative review. Immunol Lett 2024; 269:106901. [PMID: 39032910 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is the major product both synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland during the night period and it is the principal chronobiotic hormone that regulates the circadian rhythms and seasonal changes in vertebrate biology. Moreover, melatonin shows both a broad distribution along the phylogenetically distant organisms and a high functional versatility. At the present time, a significant amount of experimental evidence has been reported in scientific literature and has clearly shown a functional relationship between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The biochemistry basis of the functional communication between these systems is the utilization of a common chemicals signals. In this framework, at present melatonin is considered to be a relevant member of the so-called neuro-endocrine-immunological network. Thus, both in vivo and in vitro investigations conducted in both experimental animals and humans, have clearly documented that melatonin has an important immunomodulatory role. However, most of the published results refer to information on T lymphocytes, i.e., cell-mediated immunity. On the contrary, fewer studies have been carried out on B lymphocytes, the cells responsible for the so-called humoral immunity. In this review, we have focused on the biological role of melatonin in the humoral immunity. More precisely, we report the actions of melatonin on B lymphocytes biology and on the production of different types of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Calvo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Spain.
| | - María D Maldonado
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Spain
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Bagherifard A, Hosseinzadeh A, Koosha F, Sheibani M, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and bone-related diseases: an updated mechanistic overview of current evidence and future prospects. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1677-1701. [PMID: 37393580 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone diseases account for an enormous cost burden on health systems. Bone disorders are considered as age-dependent diseases. The aging of world population has encouraged scientists to further explore the most effective preventive modalities and therapeutic strategies to overcome and reduce the high cost of bone disorders. Herein, we review the current evidence of melatonin's therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases. METHODS This review summarized evidences from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin on bone-related diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms. Electronically, Scopus and MEDLINE®/PubMed databases were searched for articles published on melatonin and bone-related diseases from inception to June 2023. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that melatonin has beneficial effect in bone- and cartilage-related disorders such as osteoporosis, bone fracture healing, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to the control of sleep and circadian rhythms. CONCLUSION A number of animal and clinical studies have indicated that various biological effects of melatonin may suggest this molecule as an effective therapeutic agent for controlling, diminishing, or suppressing bone-related disorders. Therefore, further clinical studies are required to clarify whether melatonin can be effective in patients with bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bagherifard
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Choi MY, Malspeis S, Sparks JA, Cui J, Yoshida K, Costenbader KH. Association of Sleep Deprivation and the Risk of Developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1206-1212. [PMID: 36094865 PMCID: PMC10008454 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep deprivation has been associated with risk of autoimmune diseases. Using the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1986-2016) and NHSII (1989-2017) cohorts, we aimed in the present study to investigate whether sleep deprivation was associated with risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Average sleep duration in a 24-hour period was reported in the NHS (1986-2014) and NHSII (1989-2009). Lifestyle, exposure, and medical information was collected on biennial questionnaires. Adjusted Cox regression analyses modeled associations between cumulative average sleep duration (categorical variables) and incident SLE. Interactions between sleep duration and shiftwork, bodily pain (using the Short Form 36 [SF-36] questionnaire), and depression were examined. RESULTS We included 186,072 women with 187 incident SLE cases during 4,246,094 person-years of follow-up. Chronic low sleep duration (≤5 hours/night versus reference >7-8 hours) was associated with increased SLE risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj ] 2.47 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.29, 4.75]), which persisted after the analysis was lagged (4 years; HRadj 3.14 [95% CI 1.57, 6.29]) and adjusted for shiftwork, bodily pain, and depression (HRadj 2.13 [95% CI 1.11, 4.10]). We detected additive interactions between low sleep duration and high bodily pain (SF-36 score <75) with an attributable proportion (AP) of 64% (95% CI 40%, 87%) and an HR for SLE of 2.97 (95% CI 1.86, 4.75) for those with both risk factors compared to those with neither. Similarly, there was an interaction between low sleep duration and depression, with an AP of 68% (95% CI 49%, 88%) and an HR for SLE of 2.82 (95% CI 1.64, 4.85). CONCLUSION Chronic low sleep duration was associated with higher SLE risk, with stronger effects among those with bodily pain and depression, highlighting the potential role of adequate sleep in disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Choi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Malspeis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Cui
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Shin JW. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin in neurodegenerative and autoimmune central nervous system diseases. ENCEPHALITIS 2023; 3:44-53. [PMID: 37469673 PMCID: PMC10295826 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus is the major circadian pacemaker in humans. Melatonin is a key hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness. Light-induced stimuli are transmitted along the retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN. Activation of the SCN inhibits the production of melatonin by the pineal gland through a complex neural pathway passing through the superior cervical ganglion. Accordingly, when light is unavailable, the pineal gland secretes melatonin. The circadian rhythm modulates sleep-wake cycles as well as many physiological functions of the endocrine system, including core body temperature, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, hormone levels, metabolism, and gastrointestinal function. In neurodegenerative disorders, the sleep-wake cycle is disrupted and circadian regulation is altered, which accelerates disease progression, further disrupting circadian regulation and setting up a vicious cycle. Melatonin plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and is a multifunctional pleiotropic agent with broad neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders, viral or autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In this review, I discuss the neuroprotective functions of melatonin in circadian regulation and its roles in promoting anti-inflammatory activity, enhancing immune system functions, and preventing alterations in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmune central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Melatonin and Health: Insights of Melatonin Action, Biological Functions, and Associated Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01324-w. [PMID: 36752886 PMCID: PMC9907215 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is ubiquitous molecule with wide distribution in nature and is produced by many living organisms. In human beings, pineal gland is the major site for melatonin production and to lesser extent by retina, lymphocytes, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus. Melatonin as a neurohormone is released into circulation wherein it penetrates all tissues of the body. Melatonin synthesis and secretion is supressed by light and enhanced by dark. Melatonin mostly exerts its effect through different pathways with melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) being the predominant type of receptor that are mainly expressed by many mammalian organs. Melatonin helps to regulate sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. In addition, melatonin acts as an antioxidant and scavenges excessive free radicals generated in the body by anti-excitatory and anti-inflammatory properties. A multiple array of other functions are displayed by melatonin that include oncostatic, hypnotic, immune regulation, reproduction, puberty timing, mood disorders, and transplantation. Deficiencies in the production or synthesis of melatonin have been found to be associated with onset of many disorders like breast cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin could be used as potential analgesic drug in diseases associated with pain and it has quite promising role there. In the past century, a growing interest has been developed regarding the wide use of melatonin in treating various diseases like inflammatory, gastrointestinal, cancer, mood disorders, and others. Several melatonin agonists have been synthesized and are widely used in disease treatment. In this review, an effort has been made to describe the biochemistry of melatonin along with its therapeutic potential in various diseases of humans.
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Choi MY, Costenbader KH. Understanding the Concept of Pre-Clinical Autoimmunity: Prediction and Prevention of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Identifying Risk Factors and Developing Strategies Against Disease Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890522. [PMID: 35720390 PMCID: PMC9203849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that preceding the diagnosis or classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients undergo a preclinical phase of disease where markers of inflammation and autoimmunity are already present. Not surprisingly then, even though SLE management has improved over the years, many patients will already have irreversible disease-related organ damage by time they have been diagnosed with SLE. By gaining a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of preclinical SLE, we can potentially identify patients earlier in the disease course who are at-risk of transitioning to full-blown SLE and implement preventative strategies. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of SLE preclinical pathogenesis and propose a screening and preventative strategy that involves the use of promising biomarkers of early disease, modification of lifestyle and environmental risk factors, and initiation of preventative therapies, as examined in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Choi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Sohrabi M, Ajdarkosh H, Gholami A, Amirkalali B, Mansorian MR, Aten S, Sohrabi M, Nasiri-Toosi M, Zamani F, Keyvani H. Association between Melatonin Value and Interleukins1B, -18, and -33 Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:110-117. [PMID: 36619722 PMCID: PMC9489333 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interaction between immune modulators and inflammatory factors is considered as one of the main underlying pathologies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence we aimed to assess the association between these cytokines and melatonin. METHODS: We enrolled adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasonography in a crosssectional study. All of them underwent Fibroscan evaluation. The subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for NAFLD were involved. A normal group who did not have NAFLD, viral or non-viral hepatitis, and without a history of pancreatobiliary surgery, bariatric surgery, and intake of any medication that influence the liver was also selected. The participants were categorized into the three following groups: 1) fibrosis>9.1 kPa and steatosis>290 dbm, 2) fibrosis: 6-9.0 kPa and steatosis 240-290 dbm, and 3) normal group with fibrosis<6.0 kPa and steatosis<240 dbm. Laboratory assessment and a questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories, and clinical data were completed for each of them. RESULTS: Totally 97 subjects were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the subjects was 42.2±11.3 years. 60% of them (59 patients) were female. Serum levels of melatonin, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-18, and IL-33 increased according to the advancing of NAFLD state. Based on multiple linear regression model, melatonin was significantly associated with IL-1B (β=2.8, P<0.001,95% CI=1.41-4.19), IL-18 (β=0.018, P=0.0005, 95% CI=0.006-0.03), and IL-33 (β=0.31, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.008-0.62) after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSION: Melatonin level has a strong association with these cytokines. This linkage probably influences on the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore it can be hypothesized that the therapeutic approach that affects this process may have a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahreh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Reza Mansorian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aten
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri-Toosi
- Liver transplantation Research Center. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Hossein Keyvani, MD Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telefax:+98 21 82141633
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Ditmer M, Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Białasiewicz P, Małecka-Wojciesko E, Sochal M. Sleep Problems in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Prevalence, Treatment, and New Perspectives: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 35011807 PMCID: PMC8745687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with sleep problems are at a greater risk of developing immune and chronic inflammatory diseases. As sleep disorders and low sleep quality in the general population are frequent ailments, it seems important to recognize them as serious public health problems. The exact relation between immunity and sleep remains elusive; however, it might be suspected that it is shaped by others stress and alterations of the circadian rhythm (commonly caused by for example shift work). As studies show, drugs used in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as steroids or monoclonal antibodies, also influence sleep in more complex ways than those resulting from attenuation of the disease symptoms. Interestingly, the relation between sleep and immunity appears to be bidirectional; that is, sleep may influence the course of immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, proper diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders are vital to the patient's immune status and, in effect, health. This review examines the epidemiology of sleep disorders and immune diseases, the associations between them, and their current treatment and novel perspectives in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ditmer
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
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Nabatian-Asl M, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Malek Mahdavi A, Khabbazi A, Hajialilo M, Ghojazadeh M. Effects of melatonin supplementation on serum oxidative stress markers and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14246. [PMID: 33877728 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering pathological significance of oxidative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), current research aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress markers and disease activity in SLE. METHOD In this randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 32 SLE females were selected and randomly assigned into two groups to take 10 mg/day melatonin or placebo for 12 weeks. Before and after trial, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured and disease activity was determined by Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). RESULTS Twenty-five patients (13 in the melatonin and 12 in the placebo groups) completed the trial. Melatonin supplementation caused significant reduction in serum MDA compared with baseline (P = .003) and placebo group (P = .004). Serum TAC level did not change significantly in the melatonin group compared with baseline and placebo group (P > .05). Furthermore, melatonin supplementation did not cause significant change in disease activity compared to baseline and placebo group (P > .05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated affirmative effects of melatonin in decreasing oxidative stress in SLE patients without any effect on disease activity. Further investigations are required to affirm these primitive findings and to achieve concise conclusions.What's known Free radical damage and oxidative stress has a remarkable function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Products derived from oxidative modification cascades are found in biological fluids and their redundancy has a correlation with disease activity and organ damage in SLE. Dietary supplements, which decrease oxidative stress, would be useful in managing SLE. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics. Limited in vitro and animal studies are available indicating desirable effects of melatonin in preventing from SLE organ damage, thereby opening a new area of investigation that can contribute to using melatonin as a therapy or co-therapy for SLE. What's new Melatonin supplementation caused significant reduction in serum MDA compared with baseline and placebo group. Serum TAC level did not change significantly in the melatonin group compared with baseline and placebo group. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation did not cause significant change in disease activity compared to baseline and placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmahdi Nabatian-Asl
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Hajialilo
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yawoot N, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin. Biofactors 2021; 47:41-58. [PMID: 33135223 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory events that occur during ischemic stroke and obesity, and we discuss the influence of obesity on the inflammatory response and cerebral damage outcomes in experimental models of brain ischemia. In addition, because melatonin is a neurohormone widely reported to exhibit protective effects in various diseases, this study also demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role and possible mechanistic actions of melatonin in both epidemic diseases. A summary of research findings suggests that melatonin administration has great potential to exert an anti-inflammatory role and provide protection against obesity and ischemic stroke conditions. However, the efficacy of this hormonal treatment on ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity, when more serious inflammation is generated, is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Yawoot
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sohrabi M, Gholami A, Amirkalali B, Taherizadeh M, Kolahdoz M, SafarnezhadTameshkel F, Aghili S, Hajibaba M, Zamani F, Nasiri Toosi M, Keyvani H. Is melatonin associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine activity and liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients? GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2021; 14:229-236. [PMID: 34221262 PMCID: PMC8245841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM The associations between serum levels of melatonin and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed among patients with different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a very common worldwide disease. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease by Fibroscan evaluation were included if they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for NAFLD. The participants were categorized into the three following groups: 1) fibrosis> 9.1KP and steatosis >290 dbm; 2) fibrosis: 6-9.0 KP and steatosis 240-285; and 3) fibrosis < 5.8 KP and steatosis<240 dbm. Post-fasting, 5 ml of venous blood was collected for laboratory assessment, and a questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories and clinical data was completed. RESULTS A total of 97 participants were included. The mean age was 42.21±11 years, and 59 patients (60.0%) were female. Melatonin levels as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were correlated with advancing fibrosis and steatosis in univariate analysis. A significant association was observed between these cytokines and advancing fibrosis, severe steatosis levels, and melatonin concentrations. Furthermore, in the multiple linear regression model, melatonin levels showed a significant association with these cytokines. CONCLUSION Melatonin may have protective effects on tissue injury during advancing liver fibrosis via cytokines modulation. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic management strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amirkalali
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sheida Aghili
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajibaba
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- GastroIntestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC) , Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Chang T, Niu C, Sun C, Ma Y, Guo R, Ruan Z, Gao Y, Lu X, Li H, Lin Y, Lin J, Li Z. Melatonin exerts immunoregulatory effects by balancing peripheral effector and regulatory T helper cells in myasthenia gravis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21147-21160. [PMID: 33136553 PMCID: PMC7695404 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypic organ-specific autoimmune disorder that, in most cases, is mainly mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. Evidence implicates CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in the development of MG, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with disease resolution. Melatonin has important immunoregulatory effects in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, there are few studies on the role of melatonin in MG. In the present study, we investigated serum melatonin levels and melatonin receptor expression in MG patients and healthy controls (HCs). We also evaluated the impact of melatonin administration on peripheral CD4+ Th cells and related cytokine production. Serum melatonin levels were lower in MG patients than in HCs, and MT1 expression was lower in PBMCs from MG patients than in those from HCs. Administration of melatonin significantly decreased Th1 and Th17 cell responses and proinflammatory cytokine production. Further investigation in vitro revealed that melatonin administration increased FoxP3 and IL-10 expression in CD4+ T cells from MG patients and enhanced the suppressive function of Tregs. These findings indicate that melatonin exerts immunoregulatory activity in MG by balancing effector and regulatory Th cell populations as well as by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Niu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rongjing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanwu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaji Lin
- Medical Corp in Unit 93246 of PLA, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Yan Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Hou B, Liu K, Qin H, Fang L, Du G. Coptisine Alleviates Pristane-Induced Lupus-Like Disease and Associated Kidney and Cardiovascular Complications in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:929. [PMID: 32636749 PMCID: PMC7316987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disease with a high prevalence of kidney and cardiovascular complications. Considering that Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) play important roles in SLE, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that coptisine, which has been found to inhibit ROCKs, may have an effect on SLE. The effect of coptisine was assessed in female BALB/c mice intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL of pristane. Serum autoantibodies were tested every month, blood pressure was measured every 2 months, and serum inflammatory markers, spleen pathologic characteristics, renal injury and vascular function were observed at 6 months. The results showed that coptisine decreased the levels of serum autoantibodies and serum inflammatory markers in the SLE mice, improved the pathologic characteristics of the spleen, and simultaneously improved renal injury, decreased inflammatory responses in the kidneys, reduced blood pressure, and improved vascular endothelial function. Western blot assays revealed that inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and Rho/ROCK signalling pathways and downstream signalling molecules might be the potential mechanisms of the effects of coptisine. Our findings suggest that therapy with coptisine may be a strategy for preventing SLE and ameliorating associated kidney and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yucai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Association of Melatonin Pathway Gene's Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Chinese Population. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2397698. [PMID: 31815152 PMCID: PMC6877953 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2397698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was to investigate the association of melatonin (MTN) pathway gene's single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We recruited 495 SLE patients and 493 healthy controls, 11 tag SNPs in MTN receptor 1a (MTNR1a), MTNR1b, and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) genes were genotyped and analyzed. Serum MTN concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results Two SNPs of AANAT gene (rs8150 and rs3760138) associated with the risk of SLE; CC carriers of rs8150 had a lower risk as compared to GG (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.361, 0.799), whereas GG carrier in rs3760138 had an increased risk (OR = 1.823, 95% CI: 1.154, 2.880) compared to TT. However, we did not find any genetic association between the other nine SNPs with SLE risk. Case-only analysis showed associations of rs2165667 and rs1562444 with arthritis, rs10830962 with malar rash, rs3760138 with immunological abnormality, and rs8150 with hematological abnormality. Furthermore, a significant difference between plasma MTN levels with different genotypes of rs1562444 was observed. Haplotype analyses revealed that haplotype of CCTAT, CTAGT, and GGG was significantly associated with the increased risk in SLE susceptibility, but TCTAT and CTG appeared to be a protective haplotype. Conclusions The present study supported the genetic association of MTN pathway genes with SLE susceptibility and specific clinical manifestations, suggesting the potential role of MTN pathway genes in the pathogenesis and development of SLE.
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16
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Fernandes JCR, Aoki JI, Maia Acuña S, Zampieri RA, Markus RP, Floeter-Winter LM, Muxel SM. Melatonin and Leishmania amazonensis Infection Altered miR-294, miR-30e, and miR-302d Impacting on Tnf, Mcp-1, and Nos2 Expression. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:60. [PMID: 30949455 PMCID: PMC6435487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected diseases that cause a large spectrum of clinical manifestations, from cutaneous to visceral lesions. The initial steps of the inflammatory response involve the phagocytosis of Leishmania and the parasite replication inside the macrophage phagolysosome. Melatonin, the darkness-signaling hormone, is involved in modulation of macrophage activation during infectious diseases, controlling the inflammatory response against parasites. In this work, we showed that exogenous melatonin treatment of BALB/c macrophages reduced Leishmania amazonensis infection and modulated host microRNA (miRNA) expression profile, as well as cytokine production such as IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, and, RANTES/CCL9. The role of one of the regulated miRNA (miR-294-3p) in L. amazonensis BALB/c infection was confirmed with miRNA inhibition assays, which led to increased expression levels of Tnf and Mcp-1/Ccl2 and diminished infectivity. Additionally, melatonin treatment or miR-30e-5p and miR-302d-3p inhibition increased nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) mRNA expression levels and nitric oxide (NO) production, altering the macrophage activation state and reducing infection. Altogether, these data demonstrated the impact of melatonin treatment on the miRNA profile of BALB/c macrophage infected with L. amazonensis defining the infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Cristina Ribeiro Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ide Aoki
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Maia Acuña
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Zampieri
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Mao YM, Zhao CN, Leng J, Leng RX, Ye DQ, Zheng SG, Pan HF. Interleukin-13: A promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:9-23. [PMID: 30581068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) was previously thought to be a redundant presence of IL-4, but in recent years its role in immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, and allergic diseases has become increasingly prominent. IL-13 can regulate several subtypes of T helper (Th) cells and affect their transformation, including Th1, Th2, T17, etc., thus it may play an important role in immune system. Previous studies have revealed that IL-13 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), ulcerative colitis (UC), type 1 diabetes (T1D), sjogren's syndrome (SS), etc. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological features of IL-13 and summarize recent advances in the role of IL-13 in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This information may provide new perspectives and suggestions for the selection of therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, 15 Yonghong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Torres-Ruiz J, Sulli A, Cutolo M, Shoenfeld Y. Air Travel, Circadian Rhythms/Hormones, and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 53:117-125. [PMID: 28244020 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are fundamental for homeostasis and have recently been involved in the regulatory processes of various organs and systems. Circadian cycle proteins and hormones have a direct effect on the inflammatory response and have shown pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of autoimmune diseases. The cells of the immune system have their own circadian rhythm, and the light-dark cycle directly influences the inflammatory response. On the other hand, patients with autoimmune diseases characteristically have sleep disorders and fatigue, and in certain disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a frank periodicity in the signs and symptoms is recognized. The joint symptoms predominate in the morning, and apparently, subjects with RA have relative adrenal insufficiency, with a cortisol peak unable to control the late night load of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Transatlantic flights represent a challenge in the adjustment of biological rhythms, since they imply sleep deprivation, time zone changes, and potential difficulties for drug administration. In patients with autoimmune diseases, the use of DMARDs and prednisone at night is probably best suited to lessen morning symptoms. It is also essential to sleep during the trip to improve adaptation to the new time zone and to avoid, as far as possible, works involving flexible or nocturnal shifts. The study of proteins and hormones related to biological rhythms will demonstrate new pathophysiological pathways of autoimmune diseases, which will emphasize the use of general measures for sleep respect and methods for drug administration at key daily times to optimize their anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - A Sulli
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Director Postgraduate School on Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino AOU, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Cutolo
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Director Postgraduate School on Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino AOU, Genoa, Italy
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Dos Santos M, Poletti PT, Favero G, Stacchiotti A, Bonomini F, Montanari CC, Bona SR, Marroni NP, Rezzani R, Veronese FV. Protective effects of quercetin treatment in a pristane-induced mouse model of lupus nephritis. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:69-80. [PMID: 29480020 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1442828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. As murine models of LN are valuable tools to better understand its pathophysiology and to search for new effective treatments, we investigated the effects of the bioflavonoid quercetin on pristane-induced LN mice through histomorphological analyses. METHODS Immunofluorescence and biochemical assays were used to evaluate the expression of markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, IL-6; tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α), oxidative stress (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), apoptosis (Bax), and fibrosis (transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1). Glomerular and tubular ultrastructure was analysed, and tissue messenger RNA of podocin, podoplanin and α3β1-integrin were quantified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Pristane-induced LN mice showed severe kidney injury, characterized by increased proteinuria, glomerular mesangial expansion and inflammation, high expression of the pro-fibrotic, apoptotic and prooxidant markers and reduction of antioxidants. In the kidney ultrastructure, foot process (FP) effacement, apoptotic mesangial cells and abnormal mitochondria with disrupted cristae were observed, along with suppressed tissue mRNA of podocin, podoplanin and α3β1-integrin. Treatment with quercetin in the pristane-induced LN mice model was nephroprotective, decreasing proteinuria levels and significantly lowering tissue expression of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Bax and TBARS. Simultaneously, quercetin significantly increased CAT and SOD1 expressions in these mice. In addition, it was observed improvement of the kidney ultrastructure, and tissue mRNA of podocin, but not podoplanin and α3β1-integrin, was restored to the levels found in the control mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings provide experimental evidence of the renoprotective effects of quercetin in the pristane-induced LN mice model. We suggest that quercetin effectively ameliorates the kidney damage caused by pristane, a bioflavonoid to be further evaluated as a new therapeutic strategy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Dos Santos
- a Graduate Program in Medical Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Nephrology, Experimental Research Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Priscila Tamar Poletti
- a Graduate Program in Medical Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Nephrology, Experimental Research Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Gaia Favero
- c Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- c Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,d Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissue and Organs-(ARTO)" , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- c Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,d Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissue and Organs-(ARTO)" , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Carolina Caruccio Montanari
- a Graduate Program in Medical Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Nephrology, Experimental Research Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Bona
- e Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- e Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Rita Rezzani
- c Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,d Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissue and Organs-(ARTO)" , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Francisco Veríssimo Veronese
- a Graduate Program in Medical Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Nephrology, Experimental Research Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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20
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Freitas EC, de Oliveira MS, Monticielo OA. Pristane-induced lupus: considerations on this experimental model. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2403-2414. [PMID: 28879482 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial, autoimmune inflammatory disease with pleomorphic clinical manifestations involving different organs and tissues. The etiology of this disease has been associated with a dysfunctional response of B and T lymphocytes against environmental stimuli in individuals genetically susceptible to SLE, which determines an immune response against different autoantigens and, consequently, tissue damage. The study of different murine models has provided a better understanding of these autoimmune phenomena. This review primarily focuses on that has been learned from the pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model and how this model can be used to supplement recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of SLE. We also consider both current and future therapies for this disease. The PubMed, SciELO, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles published from 1950 to 2016. PIL has been shown to be a useful tool for understanding the multiple mechanisms involved in systemic autoimmunity. In addition, it can be considered an efficient model to evaluate the environmental contributions and interferon signatures present in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Correa Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, room 645, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mayara Souza de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, room 645, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Odirlei André Monticielo
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, room 645, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.
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21
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Unraveling the podocyte injury in lupus nephritis: Clinical and experimental approaches. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 46:632-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterised by multiple organ involvement and a large number of complications. SLE management remains complicated owing to the biological heterogeneity between patients and the lack of safe and specific targeted therapies. There is evidence that dietary factors can contribute to the geoepidemiology of autoimmune diseases such as SLE. Thus, diet therapy could be a promising approach in SLE owing to both its potential prophylactic effects, without the side effects of classical pharmacology, and its contribution to reducing co-morbidities and improving quality of life in patients with SLE. However, the question arises as to whether nutrients could ameliorate or exacerbate SLE and how they could modulate inflammation and immune function at a molecular level. The present review summarises preclinical and clinical experiences to provide the reader with an update of the positive and negative aspects of macro- and micronutrients and other nutritional factors, including dietary phenols, on SLE, focusing on the mechanisms of action involved.
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Lin Y, Yan Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, He Y, Wang S, Fang L, Lv Y, Du G. Salvianolic acid A alleviates renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus induced by pristane in BALB/c mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:159-166. [PMID: 28303221 PMCID: PMC5343112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of salvianolic acid A (SAA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by pristane in BALB/c mice. Lupus mice were established by confirming elevated levels of autoantibodies and IL-6 after intraperitoneal injection of pristane. Mice were then treated with daily oral doses of SAA for 5 months in parallel with mice treated with prednisone and aspirin as positive controls. The levels of autoantibodies were monitored at monthly intervals and nephritic symptoms observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining. Western blot analysis of renal tissue was also employed. SAA treatment caused a significant reduction in the levels of anti-Sm autoantibodies and reduced renal histopathological changes and pathological effects. SAA treatment also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK, IκB and NFκB in renal tissues of lupus mice. In conclusion, the results suggest that SAA alleviates renal injury in pristane-induced SLE in BALB/c mice through inhibition of phosphorylation of IKK, IκB and NFκB.
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Esteban-Zubero E, López-Pingarrón L, Alatorre-Jiménez MA, Ochoa-Moneo P, Buisac-Ramón C, Rivas-Jiménez M, Castán-Ruiz S, Antoñanzas-Lombarte Á, Tan DX, García JJ, Reiter RJ. Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review. Life Sci 2016; 170:72-81. [PMID: 27919824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activities of melatonin are mediated by melatonin receptors (MT2), serotonin (5-HT), and cholecystokinin B (CCK2) receptors and via receptor-independent processes. The levels of melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract exceed by 10-100 times the blood concentrations. Also, there is an estimated 400 times more melatonin in the gut than in the pineal gland. Gut melatonin secretion is suggested to be influenced by the food intake. Low dose melatonin treatment accelerates intestinal transit time whereas high doses may decrease gut motility. Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the potential benefits of melatonin as a co-adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBS, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Esteban-Zubero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Laura López-Pingarrón
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Purificación Ochoa-Moneo
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia Buisac-Ramón
- Primary Care Unit, Sector Zaragoza III, Avenida San Juan Bosco 5, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Rivas-Jiménez
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Castán-Ruiz
- Primary Care Unit, Sector Zaragoza III, Avenida San Juan Bosco 5, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Antoñanzas-Lombarte
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - José Joaquín García
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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He YY, Yan Y, Zhang HF, Lin YH, Chen YC, Yan Y, Wu P, Fang JS, Yang SH, Du GH. Methyl salicylate 2- O-β-d-lactoside alleviates the pathological progression of pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in mice via suppression of inflammatory response and signal transduction. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3183-3196. [PMID: 27729775 PMCID: PMC5047741 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a high incidence rate and insufficient therapy worldwide, is a complex disease involving multiple organs characterized primarily by inflammation due to deposition of immunocomplexes formed by production of autoantibodies. The mechanism of SLE remains unclear, and the disease still cannot be cured. We used pristane to induce SLE in female BALB/c mice. Methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside (MSL; 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was orally administered 45 days after pristane injection for 4.5 months. The results showed that MSL antagonized the increasing levels of multiple types of antibodies and cytokines in lupus mice. MSL was found to suppress joint swelling and have potent inhibitory effect on arthritis-like symptoms. MSL also significantly decreased the spleen index and expression of inflammatory markers in the lupus mice. MSL protected the kidneys of lupus mice from injury through inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reducing the IgG and C3 immunocomplex deposits. Further Western blot assays revealed that the downregulation of the intracellular inflammatory signals of NFκB and JAK/STAT3 might be the potential molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological activity of MSL against SLE in vivo. These findings may demonstrate that MSL has the potential to be a useful and highly effective treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Hui-Fang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yi-Huang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yu-Cai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yi Yan
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Ping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Jian-Song Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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26
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Farez MF, Calandri IL, Correale J, Quintana FJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in multiple sclerosis. Bioessays 2016; 38:1016-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio F. Farez
- Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN); Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Neurology; Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ismael L. Calandri
- Department of Neurology; Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN); Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Neurology; Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- The Broad Institute; Cambridge MA USA
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27
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Botte DAC, Noronha IL, Malheiros DMAC, Peixoto TV, de Mello SBV. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone ameliorates disease activity in an induced murine lupus-like model. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:381-90. [PMID: 24666423 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, no studies thus far have examined the effects of α-MSH on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to determine the effects of an α-MSH agonist in induced murine lupus. Here we employed female Balb/cAn mice in which lupus was induced by pristane. Groups of lupus animals were treated daily with the α-MSH analogue [Nle4, DPhe7]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH) (1·25 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally or saline for 180 days. Normal animals comprised the control group. Arthritis incidence, plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotypes, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and plasma cytokines were evaluated. Renal function was assessed by proteinuria and histopathological lesion. Glomerular levels of IgG, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C3, CD3, melanocortin receptors (MCR)1, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and α-MSH was estimated by immunohistochemistry. When compared with normal controls, lupus animals exhibited increased arthritis, IgG levels, ANA, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, proteinuria and mesangial cell proliferation together with glomerular expression of α-SMA and iNOS. Glomerular expression of MCR1 was reduced in lupus animals. NDP-MSH treatment reduced arthritis scores by 70% and also diminished IgG1 and IgG2a levels and ANA incidence. In the glomerulus, NDP-MSH treatment reduced cellularity by 50% together with reducing IgG deposits, and expression levels of α-SMA, iNOS and CRF were also all decreased. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that α-MSH treatment improves several parameters of SLE disease activity in mice, and indicate that this hormone is an interesting potential future treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A C Botte
- Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Kalinichenko LS, Pertsov SS, Koplik EV. Melatonin effects on serum cytokine profiles of rats with different behavioral parameters in acute emotional stress. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 156:627-30. [PMID: 24770744 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of melatonin (epiphyseal neurohormone) on the serum cytokine profiles of rats with different behavioral characteristics were studied after acute emotional stress. One-hour immobilization of animals with simultaneous electrocutaneous stimulation of subthreshold intensity served as the stress model. Acute stress exposure of animals with active behavior led to reduction of the peripheral blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, granulomonocytic CSF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. Passive rats exposed to emotional stress developed a pronounced increase of pro-inflammatory IL-1β concentration. Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in active rats exposed to stress was less pronounced after intraperitoneal preinjection of melatonin (2 mg/kg). In passive animals, exogenous melatonin inverted the poststress changes in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory IL-2 cytokine and of anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. The modulatory effect of melatonin on the cytokine profiles of rats with different behavioral parameters seemed to contribute to adaptation of animals to emotional stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kalinichenko
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
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29
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Lin GJ, Huang SH, Chen SJ, Wang CH, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. Modulation by melatonin of the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11742-66. [PMID: 23727938 PMCID: PMC3709754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is the major secretory product of the pineal gland during the night and has multiple activities including the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It also possesses the ability to modulate immune responses by regulation of the T helper 1/2 balance and cytokine production. Autoimmune diseases, which result from the activation of immune cells by autoantigens released from normal tissues, affect around 5% of the population. Activation of autoantigen-specific immune cells leads to subsequent damage of target tissues by these activated cells. Melatonin therapy has been investigated in several animal models of autoimmune disease, where it has a beneficial effect in a number of models excepting rheumatoid arthritis, and has been evaluated in clinical autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. This review summarizes and highlights the role and the modulatory effects of melatonin in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shing-Hwa Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-J.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-J.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Tri-Service General Hospital, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18540); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774
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30
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8638-83. [PMID: 23609496 PMCID: PMC3645767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation. The clinical relevance of the multiple functions of melatonin under different immune conditions, such as infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, is also reviewed.
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