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Wanionok NE, Molinuevo MS, Fernández JM, Lucas B, Cortizo AM, Castillo EJ, Jiron JM, Claudia S, Leon S, Aguirre JI, McCarthy AD. Skeletal Effects of a Prolonged Oral Metformin Treatment in Adult Wistar Rats. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024. [PMID: 38740375 DOI: 10.1055/a-2324-8661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously showed that a 3-week oral metformin (MET) treatment enhances the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and improves several bone histomorphometric parameters in Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the skeletal effects of extended periods of MET need to be completely elucidated. Hence, in this study, the impact of a prolonged (3-month) MET treatment was investigated on bone architecture, histomorphometric and biomechanics variables, and osteogenic potential of BMSCs in Wistar rats with or without MetS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young male Wistar rats (n=36) were randomized into four groups (n=9) that received either 20% fructose (F), MET (MET), F plus MET treatments (FMET), or drinking water alone (Veh). Rats were euthanized, blood was collected, and bones were dissected and processed for peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) analysis, static and dynamic histomorphometry, and bone biomechanics. In addition, BMSCs were isolated to determine their osteogenic potential. RESULTS MET affected trabecular and cortical bone, altering bone architecture and biomechanics. Furthermore, MET increased the pro-resorptive profile of BMSCs. In addition, fructose-induced MetS practically did not affect the the structural or mechanical variables of the skeleton. CONCLUSION A 3-month treatment with MET (with or without MetS) affects bone architecture and biomechanical variables in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel E Wanionok
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - María S Molinuevo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan M Fernández
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Besada Lucas
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sedlinsky Claudia
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Schurman Leon
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - José I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio D McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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Abdoon ASS, Hegazy AM, Abdel-Azeem AS, Al-Atrash AM, Mohammed DM. The protective effects of some herbs on mitigating HFD-induced obesity via enhancing biochemical indicators and fertility in female rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30249. [PMID: 38726161 PMCID: PMC11078881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of plant-based diets and drugs to prevent and control obesity has been attributed to the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals. The study aimed to assess herb consumption's impact on alleviating the risks and hazards associated with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and the promotion of fertility. Eighty rats were allocated into four distinct groups. Group 1 (G1) was provided with a basal diet and acted as the control group. Group 2 (G2) was provided with an HFD. Group 3 (G3) was provided with HFD supplemented with chia seeds and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The fourth group of subjects was provided with HFD supplemented with Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander). The feeding session was sustained for 10 weeks, and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. The administration of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) (G4) resulted in a more significant reduction in all biochemical parameters compared to G3, which received a diet consisting of chia seeds and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Additionally, the average number of embryonic lobes and the average number of offspring after birth were found to be considerably more significant in the normal control group (G1) and group (G4) compared to the HFD group (G2) and group (G3) (P < 0.01). Group 4 (G4) was administered a diet enriched with Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), which demonstrated superior outcomes in many biochemical indicators and the promotion of fertility in obese female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabry S. Abdoon
- Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Hegazy
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal S. Abdel-Azeem
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Atrash
- Medical Administration, Nuclear Materials Authority, Kattmya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Mostafa Mohammed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Kawana T, Imoto H, Tanaka N, Tsuchiya T, Yamamura A, Saijo F, Maekawa M, Tamahara T, Shimizu R, Nakagawa K, Ohnuma S, Kamei T, Unno M. The Significance of Bile in the Biliopancreatic Limb on Metabolic Improvement After Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1665-1673. [PMID: 38512643 PMCID: PMC11031486 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) is an experimental procedure in metabolic surgery that does not have a restrictive component. Changes in bile acid (BA) dynamics and intestinal microbiota are possibly related to metabolic improvement after DJB. Our previous studies involving obese diabetic rats showed the crucial role of the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) in metabolic improvement after DJB caused by BA reabsorption. We established a new DJB procedure to prevent bile from flowing into the BPL and aimed to elucidate the importance of bile in the BPL after DJB. METHODS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with diabetes were divided into three groups: two DJB groups and a sham group (n = 11). Duodenal-jejunal anastomosis was performed proximal to the papilla of Vater in the DJB group (n = 11). However, the DJB-D group (n = 11) underwent a new procedure with duodenal-jejunal anastomosis distal to the papilla of Vater for preventing bile flow into the BPL. RESULTS Glucose metabolism improved and weight gain was suppressed in the DJB group, but not in the DJB-D and sham groups. Serum BA level and conjugated BA concentration were elevated in the DJB group. The gut microbiota was altered only in the DJB group; the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased and that of Actinobacteria increased. However, the DJB-D group exhibited no apparent change in the gut microbiota, similar to the sham group. CONCLUSION BAs are essential in the BPL for metabolic improvement after DJB; they can improve the gut microbiota in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kawana
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Imoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fumito Saijo
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Tohoku University, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Tohoku University, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Mohamed HE, Abdelhady MA, Elmaghraby AM, Elrashidy RA. Empagliflozin and pirfenidone confer renoprotection through suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and promotion of tubular regeneration in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116892. [PMID: 38492675 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely coupled with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway drives tubular injury in animal models of acute kidney injury; but its contribution in CKD is still elusive. This study investigated the effect empagliflozin and/or pirfenidone against MetS-induced kidney dysfunction, and to clarify additional underpinning mechanisms particularly the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Adult male rats received 10%w/v fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks to develop MetS, then treated with either drug vehicle, empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) and/or pirfenidone (100 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for subsequent 4 weeks, concurrently with the high dietary fructose. Age-matched rats receiving normal drinking water were used as controls. After 24 weeks, blood and kidneys were harvested for subsequent analyses. Rats with MetS showed signs of kidney dysfunction, structural changes and interstitial fibrosis. Activation of GSK-3β, decreased cyclinD1 expression and enhanced apoptotic signaling were found in kidneys of MetS rats. There was abundant alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression along with up-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 in kidneys of MetS rats. These derangements were almost alleviated by empagliflozin or pirfenidone, with evidence that the combined therapy was more effective than either individual drug. This study emphasizes a novel mechanism underpinning the beneficial effects of empagliflozin and pirfenidone on kidney dysfunction associated with MetS through targeting GSK-3β signaling which can mediate the regenerative capacity, anti-apoptotic effects and anti-fibrotic properties of such drugs. These findings recommend the possibility of using empagliflozin and pirfenidone as promising therapies for management of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Merna A Abdelhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elmaghraby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Rahaman KA, Muresan AR, Min H, Son J, Han HS, Kang MJ, Kwon OS. Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and their screening by wound healing activities in-vitro. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124033. [PMID: 38382158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TB-500 (Ac-LKKTETQ), derived from the active site of thymosin β4 (Tβ4), has various biological functions in its unacetylated form, LKKTETQ. These functions include actin binding, dermal wound healing, angiogenesis, and skin repair. The biological effects of TB-500, however, have not been documented. And the analysis of TB-500 and its metabolites have been neither simultaneously quantified nor structurally identified using synthesized authentic standards. METHODS This study was aimed to investigating simultaneous analytical methods of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro and urine samples by using UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS, and to comparing the biological activity of its metabolites with the parent TB-500. The metabolism of TB-500 was investigated in human serum, various in-vitro enzyme systems, and urine samples from rats treated with TB-500, and their biological activities measured by cytotoxicity and wound healing experiments were also evaluated in fibroblasts. RESULTS The simultaneous analytical method for TB-500 and its metabolites was developed and validated. The study found that Ac-LK was the primary metabolite with the highest concentration in rats at 0-6 h intervals. Also, the metabolite Ac-LKK was a long-term metabolite of TB-500 detected up to 72 hr. No cytotoxicity of the parent and its metabolites was found. Ac-LKKTE only showed a significant wound healing activity compared to the control. CONCLUSION The study provides a valuable tool for quantifying TB-500 and its metabolites, contributing to the understanding of metabolism and potential therapeutic applications. Our results also suggest that the previously reported wound-healing activity of TB-500 in literature may be due to its metabolite Ac-LKKTE rather than the parent form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Anca Raluca Muresan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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de Almeida Torres RJ, Moreto F, Luchini A, de Almeida Torres RJ, Longo SP, Pinho RA, Nagashima S, de Noronha L, Ferron AJT, de Almeida Silva CCV, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Carnosine supplementation and retinal oxidative parameters in a high-calorie diet rat model. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:502. [PMID: 38066465 PMCID: PMC10709828 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess oxidative effects induced by a high-calorie diet on the retina of Wistar rats and test the antioxidative effects of carnosine supplementation. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: standard diet (SD), high-calorie diet (HcD), standard diet + carnosine (SD + Car), and high-calorie diet + carnosine (HcD + Car). The body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose, total lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides of the animals were evaluated. The retinas were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) oxidation. The total glutathione (tGSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl, and sulfhydryl groups of the antioxidant system were analyzed. RESULTS TAC levels increased in the retinas of the SD + Car group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the HcD group (p < 0.05). The levels of GSH and the GSSH:GSSG ratio were increased in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). An increase in the retinal carbonyl content was observed in the HcD group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). A high-calorie diet (HcD) was also associated with a decrease in retinal sulfhydryl-type levels compared to the SD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that feeding a high-calorie diet to rats can promote an increase in carbonyl content and a reduction in sulfhydryl groups in their retinas. The administration of carnosine was not effective in attenuating these oxidative markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Animal Ethics Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Certificate number 1292/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogil Jose de Almeida Torres
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Andrea Luchini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Oftalmologico de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Pimentel Longo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Renata Correa
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
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Saputri FC, Azmi NU, Puteri MU, Damayanti, Novita V, Marisi G, Oktavira E, Sari AN, Ronaningtyas K, Herawati E. High-Fat Diet Enhances Platelet Activation and Is Associated with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9: An Animal Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4463. [PMID: 37892538 PMCID: PMC10609754 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) play pivotal roles in the progression of atherosclerosis to cardiovascular events. It has been reported that hyperlipidemia, a well-documented risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, tends increase platelet activation and PCSK9 expression. However, little is known about this specific mechanism, particularly how nutrition affects platelet activation and PCSK9 levels in hyperlipidemia conditions. This study aimed to assess how a high-fat diet influences platelet activation, its association with PCSK9, and the effects on blood pressure in an animal model. Here, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, subjected to different high-fat diets for ten weeks with varying nutrient components. The results showed that high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased the plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), p-selectin, and platelet factor 4 (PF-4). The blood pressure readings were also elevated post high-fat diet induction. Interestingly, the group with the highest percentage of saturated fatty acid and trans-fat exhibited the highest PCSK9 levels, along with the highest increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and platelet activation parameters. These findings confirm that high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia stimulate platelet activity and PCSK9 levels. Moreover, our results suggest that PCSK9, implicated in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, may synergistically mediate platelet hyperactivity, aligning with clinical studies. Notably, our results highlight the association between a high-fat diet and PCSK9, providing insights for drug discovery targeting platelet activation in atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadlina Chany Saputri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nuriza Ulul Azmi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Meidi Utami Puteri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
- National Metabolomics Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (D.); (V.N.); (G.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Vivi Novita
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (D.); (V.N.); (G.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Gracia Marisi
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (D.); (V.N.); (G.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Elin Oktavira
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (D.); (V.N.); (G.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Aninda Novika Sari
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Khairunisa Ronaningtyas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Enny Herawati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia; (N.U.A.); (M.U.P.); (A.N.S.); (K.R.); (E.H.)
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Wu HX, Lin X, Cheng CL, Jiang HL, Iqbal J, Liu J, Zhou HD. Fat distribution measurements by chemical shift-encoded transition region extraction predict the risk of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4985. [PMID: 37283179 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity is closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). To validate a more accurate diagnostic method for obesity that reflects the risk of metabolic disorders in a pre-clinical mouse model, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-sucrose-high-fat and chow diets for 12 weeks to induce obesity. MRI was performed and analysed by chemical shift-encoded fat-water separation based on the transition region extraction method. Abdominal fat was divided into upper and lower abdominal regions at the horizontal lower border of the liver. Blood samples were collected, and the glucose level, lipid profile, liver function, HbA1c and insulin were tested. k-means clustering and stepwise logistic regression were applied to validate the diagnosis of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and MetS, and to ascertain the predictive effect of MRI-derived parameters to the metabolic disorders. Pearson or Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between MRI-derived parameters and metabolic traits. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effect of each logistic regression model. A two-sided p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for all tests. We made the precise diagnosis of obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and MetS in mice. In all, 14 mice could be diagnosed as having MetS, and the levels of body weight, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than in the normal group. Upper abdominal fat better predicted dyslipidaemia (odds ratio, OR = 2.673; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, AUCROC = 0.9153) and hyperglycaemia (OR = 2.456; AUCROC = 0.9454), and the abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was better for predicting MetS risk (OR = 1.187; AUCROC = 0.9619). We identified the predictive effect of fat volume and distribution in dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and MetS. The upper abdominal fat played a better predictive role for the risk of dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia, and the abdominal VAT played a better predictive role for the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xuan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan-Li Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Li Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Moorkens K, Leroy JLMR, Quanico J, Baggerman G, Marei WFA. How the Oviduct Lipidomic Profile Changes over Time after the Start of an Obesogenic Diet in an Outbred Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37508445 PMCID: PMC10376370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet alters the lipidomic profile of the oviductal epithelium (OE) and studied the patterns of these changes over time. Female outbred Swiss mice were fed either a control (10% fat) or HF/HS (60% fat, 20% fructose) diet. Mice (n = 3 per treatment per time point) were sacrificed and oviducts were collected at 3 days and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks on the diet. Lipids in the OE were imaged using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging. Discriminative m/z values and differentially regulated lipids were determined in the HF/HS versus control OEs at each time point. Feeding the obesogenic diet resulted in acute changes in the lipid profile in the OE already after 3 days, and thus even before the development of an obese phenotype. The changes in the lipid profile of the OE progressively increased and became more persistent after long-term HF/HS diet feeding. Functional annotation revealed a differential abundance of phospholipids, sphingomyelins and lysophospholipids in particular. These alterations appear to be not only caused by the direct accumulation of the excess circulating dietary fat but also a reduction in the de novo synthesis of several lipid classes, due to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. The described diet-induced lipidomic changes suggest alterations in the OE functions and the oviductal microenvironment which may impact crucial reproductive events that take place in the oviduct, such as fertilization and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerlijne Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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10
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Guimarães VHD, Lelis DDF, Oliveira LP, Borém LMA, Guimarães FAD, Farias LC, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS. Comparative study of dietary fat: lard and sugar as a better obesity and metabolic syndrome mice model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:449-459. [PMID: 33176505 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1835986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet macronutrient heterogeneity hinders animal studies' data extrapolation from metabolic disorders to human diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate different fat-diet compositions' effect on inducing lipid/glucose metabolism alterations in mice. METHODS Swiss male mice were fed for 12 weeks with five different diets: Standard Diet (ST), American Institute of Nutrition 93 for growth (AIN93G) high-butter/high-sugar (HBHS), high-lard/high-sugar (HLHS), and high-oil/high-sugar diet (soybean oil) (HOHS). Several parameters, such as serum biochemistry, histology, and liver mRNA expression, were accessed. RESULTS The main findings revealed that the HLHS diet dramatically altered liver metabolism inducing hepatic steatosis and increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, increasing liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP-α), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Catalase (CAT) mRNA expression. Moreover, the HLHS diet increased glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High-fat/high-sugar diets are efficient to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated alterations, and diets enriched with lard and sugar showed more effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Luis Paulo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | | | - Felipe Alberto Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Postgraduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Brasil
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11
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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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12
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Padilla-Camberos E, Arrizon J, Sandoval G. Effect of Agave Fructan Bioconjugates on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in a Murine Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030412. [PMID: 36986511 PMCID: PMC10052126 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder that combines abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome affects 25% of the world's population. Agave fructans have shown positive effects on alterations related to metabolic syndrome, so some investigations have focused on their bioconjugation with fatty acids to increase their biological activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of agave fructan bioconjugates in a rat model with metabolic syndrome. Agave fructans enzymatically bioconjugated (acylated via food-grade lipase catalysis) with propionate or laurate were administered orally for 8 weeks in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. Animals without treatment were used as the control group, as well as animals fed with a standard diet. The data indicate that the group of animals treated with laurate bioconjugates showed a significant decrease in glucose levels, systolic pressure, weight gain, and visceral adipose tissue, as well as a positive effect of pancreatic lipase inhibition. These results allow us to demonstrate the potential of agave bioconjugates, particularly laurate bioconjugates, for the prevention of diseases associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Javier Arrizon
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan C.P. 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Georgina Sandoval
- LIBBA Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara C.P. 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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13
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Fujiwara S, Izawa T, Mori M, Atarashi M, Yamate J, Kuwamura M. Dietary iron overload enhances Western diet induced hepatic inflammation and alters lipid metabolism in rats sharing similarity with human DIOS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21414. [PMID: 36496443 PMCID: PMC9741655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic iron overload is often concurrent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) is characterized by an increase in the liver and body iron stores and metabolic syndrome components. Increasing evidences suggest an overlap between NAFLD with iron overload and DIOS; however, the mechanism how iron is involved in their pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of iron in the pathology of a rat model of NAFLD with iron overload. Rats fed a Western (high-fat and high-fructose) diet for 26 weeks represented hepatic steatosis with an increased body weight and dyslipidemia. Addition of dietary iron overload to the Western diet feeding further increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol, and enhanced hepatic inflammation; the affected liver had intense iron deposition in the sinusoidal macrophages/Kupffer cells, associated with nuclear translocation of NFκB and upregulation of Th1/M1-related cytokines. The present model would be useful to investigate the mechanism underlying the development and progression of NAFLD as well as DIOS, and to elucidate an important role of iron as one of the "multiple hits" factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Mutsuki Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Machi Atarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Orai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
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Smits A, Marei WFA, Moorkens K, Bols PEJ, De Neubourg D, Leroy JLMR. Obese outbred mice only partially benefit from diet normalization or calorie restriction as preconception care interventions to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2867-2884. [PMID: 36342870 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can diet normalization or a calorie-restricted diet for 2 or 4 weeks be used as a preconception care intervention (PCCI) in Western-type diet-induced obese Swiss mice to restore metabolic health and oocyte quality? SUMMARY ANSWER Metabolic health and oocyte developmental competence was already significantly improved in the calorie-restricted group after 2 weeks, while obese mice that underwent diet normalization showed improved metabolic health after 2 weeks and improved oocyte quality after 4 weeks. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Maternal obesity is linked with reduced metabolic health and oocyte quality; therefore, infertile obese women are advised to lose weight before conception to increase pregnancy chances. However, as there are no univocal guidelines and the specific impact on oocyte quality is not known, strategically designed studies are needed to provide fundamental insights in the importance of the type and duration of the dietary weight loss strategy for preconception metabolic health and oocyte quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Outbred female Swiss mice were fed a control (CTRL) or high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet. After 7 weeks, some of the HF mice were put on two different PCCIs, resulting in four treatment groups: (i) only control diet for up to 11 weeks (CTRL_CTRL), (ii) only HF diet for up to 11 weeks (HF_HF), (iii) switch at 7 weeks from an HF to an ad libitum control diet (HF_CTRL) and (iv) switch at 7 weeks from an HF to a 30% calorie-restricted control diet (HF_CR) for 2 or 4 weeks. Metabolic health and oocyte quality were assessed at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention (n = 8 mice/treatment/time point). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Changes in body weight were recorded. To study the impact on metabolic health, serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were measured, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were analyzed at PCCI Weeks 2 and 4. The quality of in vivo matured oocytes was evaluated by assessing intracellular lipid droplet content, mitochondrial activity and localization of active mitochondria, mitochondrial ultrastructure, cumulus cell targeted gene expression and oocyte in vitro developmental competence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant negative effects of an HF/HS diet on metabolic health and oocyte quality were confirmed (P < 0.05). HF_CTRL mice already showed restored body weight, serum lipid profile and glucose tolerance, similar to the CTRL_CTRL group after only 2 weeks of PCCI (P < 0.05 compared with HF_HF) while insulin sensitivity was not improved. Oocyte lipid droplet volume was reduced at PCCI Week 2 (P < 0.05 compared with HF_HF), while mitochondrial localization and activity were still aberrant. At PCCI Week 4, oocytes from HF_CTRL mice displayed significantly fewer mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities and improved mitochondrial activity (P < 0.05), while lipid content was again elevated. The in vitro developmental capacity of the oocytes was improved but did not reach the levels of the CTRL_CTRL mice. HF_CR mice completely restored cholesterol concentrations and insulin sensitivity already after 2 weeks. Other metabolic health parameters were only restored after 4 weeks of intervention with clear signs of fasting hypoglycemia. Although all mitochondrial parameters in HF_CR oocytes stayed aberrant, oocyte developmental competence in vitro was completely restored already after 2 weeks of intervention. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In this study, we applied a relevant HF/HS Western-type diet to induce obesity in an outbred mouse model. Nevertheless, physiological differences should be considered when translating these results to the human setting. However, the in-depth study and follow-up of the metabolic health changes together with the strategic implementation of specific PCCI intervals (2 and 4 weeks) related to the duration of the mouse folliculogenesis (3 weeks), should aid in the extrapolation of our findings to the human setting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study results with a specific focus on oocyte quality provide important fundamental insights to be considered when developing preconception care guidelines for obese metabolically compromised women wishing to become pregnant. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Flemish Research Fund (FWO-SB grant 1S25020N and FWO project G038619N). The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smits
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - W F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - K Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P E J Bols
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - D De Neubourg
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - J L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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15
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Kelley RC, Lapierre SS, Muscato DR, Hahn D, Christou DD, Ferreira LF. Cardiac and respiratory muscle responses to dietary N-acetylcysteine in rats consuming a high-saturated fat, high-sucrose diet. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1312-1325. [PMID: 35938289 PMCID: PMC9633399 DOI: 10.1113/ep090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study addresses whether a high-fat, high-sucrose diet causes cardiac and diaphragm muscle abnormalities in male rats and whether supplementation with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reverses diet-induced dysfunction. What is the main finding and its importance? N-Acetylcysteine attenuated the effects of high-fat, high-sucrose diet on markers of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, but neither high-fat, high-sucrose diet nor N-acetylcysteine affected the diaphragm. These results support the use of N-acetylcysteine to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a 'Western' diet. ABSTRACT Individuals with overweight or obesity display respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress is a causative factor in the general aetiology of obesity and of skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology. Thus, this preclinical study aimed to define diaphragmatic and cardiac morphological and functional alterations in response to an obesogenic diet in rats and the therapeutic potential of an antioxidant supplement, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Young male Wistar rats consumed ad libitum a 'lean' or high-saturated fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for ∼22 weeks and were randomized to control or NAC (2 mg/ml in the drinking water) for the last 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. We then evaluated diaphragmatic and cardiac morphology and function. Neither HFHS diet nor NAC supplementation affected diaphragm-specific force, peak power or morphology. Right ventricular weight normalized to estimated body surface area, left ventricular fractional shortening and posterior wall maximal shortening velocity were higher in HFHS compared with lean control animals and not restored by NAC. In HFHS rats, the elevated deceleration rate of early transmitral diastolic velocity was prevented by NAC. Our data showed that the HFHS diet did not compromise diaphragmatic muscle morphology or in vitro function, suggesting other possible contributors to breathing abnormalities in obesity (e.g., abnormalities of neuromuscular transmission). However, the HFHS diet resulted in cardiac functional and morphological changes suggestive of hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction. Supplementation with NAC did not affect diaphragm morphology or function but attenuated some of the cardiac abnormalities in the rats receiving the HFHS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephanie S. Lapierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Derek R. Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leonardo F. Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Comparable Benefits of Stingless Bee Honey and Caffeic Acid in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112154. [PMID: 36358526 PMCID: PMC9686980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Honey, which has been used for generations, is high in antioxidants and has been demonstrated to benefit the brain and mental health by reducing oxidative stress and boosting cognitive outcomes. Honey from the stingless bees of Heterotrigona itama has been found to have higher phenolic content compared to other types of honeys. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stingless bee honey (SBH) supplementation and to compare it with a pure form of antioxidant, caffeic acid (CA), on MetS parameters and inflammatory markers in the brains of MetS-induced rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided equally into groups of control, high-carbohydrate high-fructose (HCHF) diet (MetS), HCHF + SBH supplemented (1 g/kg) (SBH), and HCHF + CA supplemented (10 mg/kg) (CA) groups. The total duration for SBH and CA supplementation was eight weeks. The HCHF diet was found to promote hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, and to increase brain TNF-α levels. Supplementation with SBH and CA significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the hyperglycemic and hypertensive effects of the HCHF diet. Although both supplemented groups showed no significant changes to serum HDL or TG, SBH significantly reduced (p < 0.05) brain TNF-α levels and increased (p < 0.05) brain BDNF levels. Immunohistochemistry investigations of neurogenesis (EdU) and apoptosis (TUNEL) on the cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of the hippocampus showed no changes with SBH and CA supplementation compared to the control. These findings suggest that SBH and CA have the potential to mitigate HCHF-induced MetS effects and possess neuroprotective abilities.
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17
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Han D, Zulewska J, Xiong K, Yang Z. Synergy between oligosaccharides and probiotics: From metabolic properties to beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4078-4100. [PMID: 36315042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotic is defined as the dietary mixture that comprises both probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic substrates. The concept has been steadily gaining attention owing to the rising recognition of probiotic, prebiotics, and gut health. Among prebiotic substances, oligosaccharides demonstrated considerable health beneficial effects in varieties of food products and their combination with probiotics have been subjected to full range of evaluations. This review delineated the landscape of studies using microbial cultures, cell lines, animal model, and human subjects to explore the functional properties and host impacts of these combinations. Overall, the results suggested that these combinations possess respective metabolic properties that could facilitate beneficial activities therefore could be employed as dietary interventions for human health improvement and therapeutic purposes. However, uncertainties, such as applicational practicalities, underutilized analytical tools, contradictory results in studies, unclear mechanisms, and legislation hurdles, still challenges the broad utilization of these combinations. Future studies to address these issues may not only advance current knowledge on probiotic-prebiotic-host interrelationship but also promote respective applications in food and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Justyna Zulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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18
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Birulina JG, Ivanov VV, Buyko EE, Bykov VV, Dzyuman AN, Nosarev АV, Grigoreva AV, Gusakova SV. Morphological changes in the heart and aorta of rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To identify early morphological changes in the heart and aorta of rats with experimental metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD).Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 10). The rats from the control group were fed with a standard laboratory diet. The rats from the experimental group received HFHCD for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure (BP), and individual parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were assessed in the rats. A histologic examination of the heart and aorta in the animals was performed.Results. Feeding rats with HFHCD led to an increase in body weight, elevation of BP, obesity, hyperglycemia, and triglyceridemia. The histologic examination of the heart in the rats of the experimental group showed signs of vascular disease, lipomatosis, and focal myocardial degeneration. Lipid accumulation in the cells of the media, hyperplasia of adipocytes in the adventitia, and depletion and fragmentation of the elastic lamina were revealed in the aortic wall of the rats receiving HFHCD.Conclusion. The study indicated that HFHCD is an effective way to model metabolic syndrome. Structural disorders in the heart and aorta may be the mainstay for the development of cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Irfan HM, Khan NAK, Asmawi MZ. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extracts reverse metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats fed high-fructose high fat diet for 60-days. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1202-1208. [PMID: 32412306 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. has been used traditionally for the treatment of different cardio-metabolic disorders. So, the aim was to assess its leaf extracts in metabolic syndrome rat model.Methods: Out of the total 36-rats, 6 rats were given normal matched diet (NMD) while the rest were provided high-fat diet and 20% fructose (HFD-20%F). Moringa oleifera leaf extracts were administered orally for 30 days. Body weight, blood glucose, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, insulin, insulin resistance, MCP-1, visceral fat and liver weight were evaluated.Results: Sixty-days feeding with HFD-20%F produced the metabolic syndrome features like hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), visceral fat, and liver weight significantly (p<.05) than the rats receiving (NMD). Moringa oleifera treatment for 30 days significantly provided the mitigation against metabolic syndrome features.Conclusion: Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract might be a good alternative herbal choice in the treatment of metabolic syndrome disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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20
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Moorkens K, Leroy JLMR, Verheyen S, Marei WFA. Effects of an obesogenic diet on the oviduct depend on the duration of feeding. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275379. [PMID: 36174086 PMCID: PMC9522283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research question How long does it take for an obesogenic (high-fat/high-sugar, HF/HS) diet to influence the oviductal microenvironment? What are the affected cellular pathways and are they dependent on the genetic background of the mouse model? Design Female Swiss (outbred) and C57BL/6N (B6, inbred) mice were fed either a control (10% fat) or HF/HS (60% fat, 20% fructose) diet. Body weight was measured weekly. Mice were sacrificed at 3 days (3d), 1 week (1w), 4w, 8w, 12w and 16w on the diet (n = 5 per treatment per time point). Total cholesterol concentrations and inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum. Oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) were used to study the expression of genes involved in (mitochondrial) oxidative stress (OS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation using qPCR. Results Body weight and blood cholesterol increased significantly in the HF/HS mice in both strains compared to controls. In Swiss mice, HF/HS diet acutely increased ER-stress and OS-related genes in the OECs already after 3d. Subsequently, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic antioxidants were upregulated and ER-stress was alleviated at 1w. After 4-8w (mid-phase), the expression of ER-stress and OS-related genes was increased again and persisted throughout the late-phase (12-16w). Serum inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory marker-gene expression in the OECs were increased only in the late-phase. Some of the OEC stress responses were stronger or earlier in the B6. Conclusions OECs are sensitive to an obesogenic diet and may exhibit acute stress responses already after a few days of feeding. This may impact the oviductal microenvironment and contribute to diet-induced subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerlijne Moorkens
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Jo L. M. R. Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Verheyen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Waleed F. A. Marei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Brettle H, Tran V, Drummond GR, Franks AE, Petrovski S, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971048. [PMID: 36248832 PMCID: PMC9554749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Maria Jelinic,
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22
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Rodent models of metabolic disorders: considerations for use in studies of neonatal programming. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:802-827. [PMID: 34551828 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologically, metabolic disorders have garnered much attention, perhaps due to the predominance of obesity. The early postnatal life represents a critical period for programming multifactorial metabolic disorders of adult life. Though altricial rodents are prime subjects for investigating neonatal programming, there is still no sufficiently generalised literature on their usage and methodology. This review focuses on establishing five approach-based models of neonatal rodents adopted for studying metabolic phenotypes. Here, some modelled interventions that currently exist to avoid or prevent metabolic disorders are also highlighted. We also bring forth recommendations, guidelines and considerations to aid research on neonatal programming. It is hoped that this provides a background to researchers focused on the aetiology, mechanisms, prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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23
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Neuroprotective Effect of Polyherbal Recipe Containing Ginger, Chinese Date, and Wood Ear Mushroom against Ischemic Stroke with Metabolic Syndrome Condition via Epigenetic Modification of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8940303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the prevalence of stroke with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing and the current therapeutic efficiency is still limited. Therefore, the applications of herbal recipes have gained much attention. The polyherbal recipe containing ginger, Chinese date, and wood ear mushroom is reputed for atherosclerosis and stroke prevention. It has been long-term consumed without scientific support. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the neuroprotective effect and its mechanisms in animal model of ischemic stroke with MetS. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were exposed to a 16-week high-fat high-carbohydrate feeding. The rats with the MetS characteristic were exposed to a temporary occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90 minutes. They were orally fed with the polyherbal recipe (GCJ) at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW for 21 days and assessed the neurological deficit, ion volume, cortical neuron density in the cerebral cortex, oxidative stress status, inflammation, and expressions of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The results showed that GCJ significantly improved all mentioned parameters. Therefore, GCJ is the potential neuroprotectant against ischemic stroke with MetS. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the modification of epigenetic mechanism via the reduction of HDAC3 and DNMT1. However, further clinical investigation is essential to confirm this positive modulation effect.
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Sumi K, Hatanaka Y, Takahashi R, Wada N, Ono C, Sakamoto Y, Sone H, Iida K. Citrate Synthase Insufficiency Leads to Specific Metabolic Adaptations in the Heart and Skeletal Muscles Upon Low-Carbohydrate Diet Feeding in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925908. [PMID: 35873436 PMCID: PMC9302927 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in TCA cycle activity may lead to impaired nutrition metabolism and cellular energy shortage. Herein, we aimed to characterize the detailed metabolic changes that compensate for energy shortages in energy-consuming organs (heart and skeletal muscles) in mice with knockout of citrate synthase (CS), an important enzyme in the TCA cycle. CS hetero knockout (CS +/−) mice and wild-type mice were fed a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) or high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) to induce metabolic changes. Body weight, blood serum parameters, metabolic gene expression, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured in the heart and skeletal muscles. Glycogen content, anabolic and catabolic biomarkers, and morphological changes were also assessed in the skeletal muscles. After diet feeding, there were no differences observed in the body weight and blood serum parameters between wild-type and CS +/− mice. The cardiac expression of genes related to the utilization of fatty acids, monocarboxylates, and branched amino acids increased in LCKD-fed CS +/− mice. In contrast, no significant differences in gene expression were observed in the muscles of LCKD-fed mice or the heart and muscles of HFHCD-fed mice. ATP levels decreased only in the skeletal muscles of LCKD-fed CS +/− mice. Additionally, the decrease in glycogen content, suppression of p70 S6 kinase, and presence of type I fiber atrophy were observed in the muscles of LCKD-fed CS +/− mice. These results suggest that the energy-consuming organs with CS insufficiency may undergo tissue-specific adaption to compensate for energy shortages when the carbohydrate supply is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sumi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Hatanaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Reina Takahashi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Wada
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ono
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- The Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kaoruko Iida,
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25
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Ibrahim KG, Adeshina KA, Bello MB, Malami I, Abubakar B, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Prophylactic Use of Natural Products against Developmentally Programmed Metabolic Syndrome. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:650-663. [PMID: 34000739 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parental dietary choices and/or nutritional interventions in the offspring are critical to early life development, especially during the periods of active developmental plasticity in the offspring. Exposure to a high-fructose, high-fat diet during the fetal or neonatal period predisposes the affected individuals to the development of one or more features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular diseases, later in their life. Owing to the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and multiple side effects that accompany conventional medicines, much attention is directed towards medicinal plants and phytochemicals as alternative interventions. Several studies have investigated the potential of natural agents to prevent programmed metabolic syndrome. This present review, therefore, highlights an inextricable relationship between the administration of medicinal plants or phytochemicals during the intrauterine or neonatal period, and the prevention of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, while exploring the mechanisms by which they exert such an effect. The review also identifies plant products as a novel approach to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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26
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Narciso L, Martinelli A, Torriani F, Frassanito P, Bernardini R, Chiarotti F, Marianelli C. Natural Mineral Waters and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From Obese Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice on Caloric Restriction. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886078. [PMID: 35685873 PMCID: PMC9172593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the greatest challenges to public health given its serious consequences on cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A carbohydrate-restricted, low-fat diet is the current therapy for MetS. Natural mineral waters (NMWs) are known to exert beneficial effects on human health. Our primary objective was to shed light on the potential therapeutic properties of NMWs in MetS. A total of 125 C57BL/6 male and female mice were included in the study. Of these, 10 were left untreated. They were fed a standard diet with tap water throughout the study period, and stayed healthy. The remaining 115 mice were initially fed a high-calorie diet (HCD) consisting of a high-fat feed (60% of energy from fat) with 10% fructose in tap water, served ad libitum over a period of 4 months to induce MetS (the MetS induction phase). Mice were then randomly divided into six treatment groups and a control group, all of which received a low-calorie diet (LCD), but with a different kind of drinking water, for 2 months (the treatment phase). Five groups were each treated with a different kind of NMW, one group by alternating the five NMWs, and one group – the control group – was given tap water. Body weight and blood biochemistry were monitored over the 6-month trial. After 4 months, male and female mice on HCD developed obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglycaemia, although gains in body weight, total cholesterol, and blood glucose in males were greater than those observed in females (P < 0.0001). When combined with an LCD, the NMWs rich in sulphate, magnesium and bicarbonate, and the minimally mineralised one were the most effective in reducing the blood levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. Sex differences emerged during both the MetS induction phase and the treatment phase. These results suggest that NMWs rich in specific macronutrients, such as bicarbonate, sulphate and magnesium, and minimally mineralised water, in combination with an LCD, may contribute to controlling blood lipid and glucose levels in subjects with MetS. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to extend them to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Narciso
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Torriani
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Frassanito
- Centre for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cinzia Marianelli,
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27
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Modulation of Dyslipidemia Markers Apo B/Apo A and Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol Ratios by Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091903. [PMID: 35565871 PMCID: PMC9102123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks cardiovascular diseases due to its associated Dyslipidemia. It is proposed that a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet positively ameliorates the MetS and reverses insulin resistance. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protecting effect of the LCHF diet on MetS-associated Dyslipidemia in an experimental animal model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (10/group): the control group, dexamethasone-induced MetS (DEX) (250 µg/kg/day), LCHF-fed MetS group (DEX + LCHF), and High-Carbohydrate-Low-Fat-fed MetS group (DEX + HCLF). At the end of the four-week experiment, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglyceride), oxidized-LDL, and small dense-LDL using the ELISA technique were estimated. HOMA-IR, Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, and TG/HDL were calculated. Moreover, histological examination of the liver by H & E and Sudan III stain was carried out. In the DEX group, rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the HOMA-IR, atherogenic parameters, such as s-LDL, OX-LDL, Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, and TG/HDL. The LCHF diet significantly improved the parameters of Dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) by decreasing the Apo B/Apo A1 and TG/HDL-C ratios. Decreased steatosis in LCHF-fed rats compared to HCLF was also revealed. In conclusion, the LCHF diet ameliorates MetS-associated Dyslipidemia, as noted from biochemical results and histological examination.
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28
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A pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya alleviates metabolic alterations in a hypercaloric diet obesity model in Swiss mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Soliz-Rueda JR, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Bravo FI, Aragonès G, Suarez M, Muguerza B. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Mitigate the Disturbances Caused by an Abrupt Photoperiod Change in Healthy and Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091834. [PMID: 35565801 PMCID: PMC9100649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the light/dark cycle and obesogenic diets trigger physiological and behavioral disorders. Proanthocyanidins, in addition to their healthy properties, have recently demonstrated a modulating effect on biological rhythms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the administration of a grape seed proanthocyanidin-rich extract (GSPE) to mitigate the disruption caused by a sudden photoperiod change in healthy and cafeteria (CAF)-diet obese rats. For this, 48 photoperiod-sensitive Fischer 344 rats were fed standard or CAF diets for 6 weeks under a standard (12 h light/day, L12) conditions. Then, rats were switched to a long (18 h light/day, L18) or short (6 h light/day, L6) photoperiod and administered vehicle or GSPE (25 mg/kg) for 1 week. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were recorded weekly. Animal activity and serum hormone concentrations were studied before and after the photoperiod change. Hormone levels were measured both at 3 h (ZT3) and 15 h (ZT15) after the onset of light. Results showed the impact of the CAF diet and photoperiod on the BW, FI, activity, and hormonal status of the animals. GSPE administration resulted in an attenuation of the changes produced by the photoperiod disruption. Specifically, GSPE in L6 CAF-fed rats reduced serum corticosterone concentration, restoring its circadian rhythm, increased the T3-to-T4 ratio, and increased light phase activity, while under L18, it decreased BW and testosterone concentration and increased the animal activity. These results suggest that GSPE may contribute to the adaptation to the new photoperiods. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the metabolic pathways and processes involved in these events.
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30
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High Fructose and High Fat Diet Impair Different Types of Memory through Oxidative Stress in a Sex- and Hormone-Dependent Manner. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040341. [PMID: 35448528 PMCID: PMC9024673 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the spread of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluation of sex- and hormone-dependent changes in body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, oxidative stress markers, and alterations in different types of memory in Sprague–Dawley rats fed with a high fat and high fructose (HFHF) diet were evaluated. After 12 weeks of feeding the male and female rats with HFHF, body weight gain, increase in blood pressure, and generation of dyslipidemia compared to the animals fed with chow diet were observed. Regarding memory, it was noted that gonadectomy reverted the effects of HFHF in the 24 h novel object recognition task and in spatial learning/memory analyzed through Morris water maze, males being more affected than females. Nevertheless, gonadectomy did not revert long-term memory impairment in the passive avoidance task induced by HFHF nor in male or female rats. On the other hand, sex-hormone–diet interaction was observed in the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. These results suggest that the changes observed in the memory and learning of MetS animals are sex- and hormone-dependent and correlate to an increase in oxidative stress.
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31
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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Mbappe FE, Ebouel FLE, Ella FA, Akamba BDA, Nanhah JK, Gouado I, Ngondi JL. Effect of Beilschmedia obscura on the prevention of high fat/high sucrose diet induced metabolic syndrome on male Albino Wistar rats. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100156. [PMID: 34984333 PMCID: PMC8693283 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) is a pantropical genus of about 287 species, distributed in tropical Asia and Africa used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases. This study aimed to explore biological properties of Beilschmiedia obscura (B. obscura) on the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) features induced by High Fat/High Sucrose (HF/HS) diet in rats as therapeutic option. Methods MetS was induced after administration of HF/HS diet followed by administration of B. Obscura powder at 5% or 10% for 21 days, while the control group received a chow diet and distilled water and the positive control group received the HF/HS diet and distilled water. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed; the parameters of lipid profile, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant status were evaluated. Results HF/HS diet successfully induced weight gain, oxidative stress and lipid profile disorders from rats. Treatment with powder of B. obscura at 10% than the 5% showed a reduction of body weight in treated groups and, anti-hyperlipidemic effect by improving lipid profile parameters. Triglycerides, Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were lower (p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol levels higher in the treated groups compared to positive control. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and improvement protein thiols levels and catalase activity were also observed in treated groups. Conclusion This study revealed that B. obscura whole plant was efficient in reducing biomarkers involved in metabolic syndrome and could efficiently help in its management by preventive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinand Lanvin Edoun Ebouel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, IMPM, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fils Armand Ella
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jules Kamga Nanhah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Innocent Gouado
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Judith Laure Ngondi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812,Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Saleh N, Seif AA, Bahaa I, Abdel-Hady EA. Comparative Effect of Vitamin D3 and Carbenoxolone Treatments in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:412-421. [PMID: 34855519 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglyemia. MetS is found to be a positive predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present study was planned to test the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation as compared to cortisol inhibition on MetS parameters. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: controls, untreated MetS, and MetS treated with either vitamin D3 (10 μg/kg), or carbenoxolone (50 mg/kg). MetS was induced by combination of high fat diet and oral fructose. After the induction period (8 weeks), MetS was confirmed and treatment modalities started for a further 4 weeks. Compared to untreated MetS, vitamin D3 and carbenoxolone treated rats showed significant reduction in blood pressure, body mass index, lee index, waist circumference, retroperitoneal fat, and improvement of dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, treatment with carbenoxolone significantly lowered the elevated liver enzymes, vitamin D3 resulted in improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced glucose uptake by muscles and replenished glycogen content in the liver and muscles near control levels. In conclusion, although treatment with vitamin D3 or carbenoxolone reduced the risk factors associated with MetS, vitamin D3 was effective in ameliorating insulin resistance which is the hallmark of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine Saleh
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, 68792, Physiology Department, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Ansam Aly Seif
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, 68792, Physiology Department, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Ienass Bahaa
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, 68792, Physiology Department, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Enas A Abdel-Hady
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, 68792, Physiology Department, Cairo, Egypt;
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Spooner HC, Derrick SA, Maj M, Manjarín R, Hernandez GV, Tailor DS, Bastani PS, Fanter RK, Fiorotto ML, Burrin DG, La Frano MR, Sikalidis AK, Blank JM. High-Fructose, High-Fat Diet Alters Muscle Composition and Fuel Utilization in a Juvenile Iberian Pig Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124195. [PMID: 34959747 PMCID: PMC8705774 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious metabolic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A “Western-style diet” has been shown to induce pediatric NAFLD with the potential disruption of skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. To determine the in vivo effect of a “Western-style diet” on pediatric skeletal muscle fiber type and fuel utilization, 28 juvenile Iberian pigs were fed either a control diet (CON) or a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFF), with or without probiotic supplementation, for 10 weeks. The HFF diets increased the total triacylglycerol content of muscle tissue but decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and the number of type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibers. HFF diets induced autophagy as assessed by LC3I and LC3II, and inflammation, as assessed by IL-1α. No differences in body composition were observed, and there was no change in insulin sensitivity, but HFF diets increased several plasma acylcarnitines and decreased expression of lipid oxidation regulators PGC1α and CPT1, suggesting disruption of skeletal muscle metabolism. Our results show that an HFF diet fed to juvenile Iberian pigs produces a less oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype, similar to a detraining effect, and reduces the capacity to use lipid as fuel, even in the absence of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Spooner
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (H.C.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.T.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Stefani A. Derrick
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (S.A.D.); (M.R.L.F.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Magdalena Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (H.C.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.T.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Manjarín
- Department of Animal Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (R.M.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Gabriella V. Hernandez
- Department of Animal Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (R.M.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Deepali S. Tailor
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (H.C.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.T.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Parisa S. Bastani
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (H.C.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.T.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Rob K. Fanter
- College of Agriculture Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Marta L. Fiorotto
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.F.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Douglas G. Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.F.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (S.A.D.); (M.R.L.F.); (A.K.S.)
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Angelos K. Sikalidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (S.A.D.); (M.R.L.F.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jason M. Blank
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (H.C.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.T.); (P.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-805-756-5629
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Torok J, Zemancikova A, Valaskova Z, Balis P. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Early Changes in Arterial Function during High-Fat Diet and Its Combination with High-Fructose Intake in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111552. [PMID: 34829781 PMCID: PMC8615157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a high-fat diet and its combination with high-fructose intake on young normotensive rats, with focus on the modulatory effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the reactivity of isolated arteries. Six-week-old Wistar–Kyoto rats were treated for 8 weeks with a control diet (10% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), or a combination of the HFD with a 10% solution of fructose. Contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat arteries, with preserved and removed PVAT for selected vasoactive stimuli, were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer. The results demonstrated that, in young rats, eight weeks of the HFD might lead to body fat accumulation and early excitation of the cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system, as shown by increased heart rate and enhanced arterial contractile responses induced by endogenous noradrenaline released from perivascular sympathetic nerves. The addition of high-fructose intake deteriorated this state by impairment of arterial relaxation and resulted in mild elevation of systolic blood pressure; however, the increase in arterial neurogenic contractions was not detected. The diet-induced alterations in isolated arteries were observed only in the presence of PVAT, indicating that this structure is important in initiation of early vascular changes during the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Torok
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zemancikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Zuzana Valaskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
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Poloczek J, Tarnawska M, Chełmecka E, Łaszczyca P, Gumprecht J, Stygar D. High Fat, High Sugar Diet and DJOS Bariatric Surgery Influence Plasma Levels of Fetuin-B, Growth Differentiation Factor-15, and Pentraxin 3 in Diet-Induced Obese Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103632. [PMID: 34684637 PMCID: PMC8539134 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in glucose and fatty acid metabolism and acts as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines with diverse systemic effects. The study aimed to examine the influence of duodenojejunal omega switch (DJOS) bariatric surgery in combination with different diets on glucose administration parameters and hepatokines levels. After 8 weeks on high fat, high sugar diet (HFS) or control diets (CD), Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DJOS or SHAM (control) surgery. For the next 8 weeks after the surgery, half of DJOS and SHAM-operated animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a diet change. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed three times: 8 weeks before and 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Fetuin-B, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plasma levels were analyzed. DJOS surgery had a beneficial effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and the area under the curve (AUCOGTT). The OGTT results depended on the time elapsed after the surgery, the type of diet used, the surgery performed, and the interaction between these factors. DJOS bariatric surgery reduced fetuin-B and GDF15 plasma levels. Interaction between the type of surgery performed and diet used influenced the fetuin-B and PTX-3 plasma levels. A dietary regime is essential to achieve therapeutic and clinical goals after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Poloczek
- Department of Rehabilitation, 3rd Specialist Hospital in Rybnik, Energetyków 46, 44-200 Rybnik, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.T.); (P.Ł.)
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Piotr Łaszczyca
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.T.); (P.Ł.)
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-272-23-62
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Gaitán-González P, Sánchez-Hernández R, Arias-Montaño JA, Rueda A. Tale of two kinases: Protein kinase A and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1704-1718. [PMID: 34754372 PMCID: PMC8554373 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a pre-diabetic state characterized by several biochemical and physiological alterations, including insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, and dyslipidemias, which increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome is associated with augmented sympathetic tone, which could account for the etiology of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiological consequences of enhanced and sustained β-adrenergic response in pre-diabetes, focusing on cardiac dysfunction reported in diet-induced experimental models of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. The research reviewed indicates that both protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II play important roles in functional responses mediated by β1-adrenoceptors; therefore, alterations in the expression or function of these kinases can be deleterious. This review also outlines recent information on the role of protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in abnormal Ca2+ handling by cardiomyocytes from diet-induced models of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gaitán-González
- Department of Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Rommel Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
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González-Álvarez H, Bravo-Jiménez A, Martínez-Arellanes M, Gamboa-Osorio GO, Chávez-Gutiérrez E, González-Hernández LA, Gallardo-Ignacio K, Quintana-Romero OJ, Ariza-Castolo A, Guerra-Araiza C, Martino-Roaro L, Meneses-Ruiz DM, Pinto-Almazán R, Loza-Mejía MA. In Silico-Based Design and In Vivo Evaluation of an Anthranilic Acid Derivative as a Multitarget Drug in a Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:914. [PMID: 34577613 PMCID: PMC8466046 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease that affects almost a quarter of the world's adult population. In MetS, diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure are the most common disorders. Polypharmacy is the most used strategy for managing conditions related to MetS, but it has drawbacks such as low medication adherence. Multitarget ligands have been proposed as an interesting approach to developing drugs to treat complex diseases. However, suitable preclinical models that allow their evaluation in a context closer to a clinical situation of a complex disease are needed. From molecular docking studies, compound 1b, a 5-aminoanthranilic acid derivative substituted with 4'-trifluoromethylbenzylamino and 3',4'-dimethoxybenzamide moieties, was identified as a potential multitarget drug, as it showed high in silico affinity against targets related to MetS, including PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and HMG-CoA reductase. It was evaluated in a diet-induced MetS rat model and simultaneously lowered blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels after a 14-day treatment. No toxicity events were observed during an acute lethal dose evaluation test at 1500 mg/kg. Hence, the diet-induced MetS model is suitable for evaluating treatments for MetS, and compound 1b is an attractive starting point for developing multitarget drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-Álvarez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Astrid Bravo-Jiménez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Matilda Martínez-Arellanes
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Gabriela Odette Gamboa-Osorio
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Edwin Chávez-Gutiérrez
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Lino A. González-Hernández
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Karina Gallardo-Ignacio
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Osvaldo J. Quintana-Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (O.J.Q.-R.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (O.J.Q.-R.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Medical Research Unit in Pharmacology, Specialities Hospital Bernardo Sepúlveda, National Medical Center XXI Century, Social Security Mexican Institute (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Laura Martino-Roaro
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Incarnate Word University Center, Tlacoquemecatl 433, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Meneses-Ruiz
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Group, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico;
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
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Effects of Dietary Red Raspberry Consumption on Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179364. [PMID: 34501954 PMCID: PMC8431376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by glucose clearance abnormalities and insufficient insulin response. Left uncontrolled, T2DM can result in serious complications and death. With no cure available currently and the prevalence of major risk factors such as pre-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome continuously increasing, there is an urgent need for effective treatments with limited or no side effects. Red raspberries (RR) contain various phytonutrients with potential for modulating insulin function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. The objective of this literature review was to investigate the potential metabolic benefits of dietary RR in individuals with T2DM and pre-diabetes. A search of major scientific databases was employed to identify peer-reviewed, in vivo, or human studies that utilized whole RR or its functional constituents as treatment. The studies examined provide evidence that RR may offer clinically beneficial effects for the prevention and management of chronic diseases through improvements in glucose handling and insulin sensitivity, adiposity, lipid profiles, ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac health. More human trials and in vivo studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary RR in T2DM and pre-diabetes and to explore the dose-dependent relationships, optimal duration, and treatment modality.
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Parikh M, Kura B, Garg B, Austria JA, Yu L, Maddaford TG, Proctor SD, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed reduces Myocardial Ischemic Lesions, improves cardiac function and lowers cholesterol levels despite the presence of severe obesity in JCR:LA-cp Rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108829. [PMID: 34358644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary flaxseed can significantly reduce cardiac damage from a coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction. However, this model uses healthy animals and the ligation creates the infarct in an artificial manner. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary flaxseed can protect the hearts of JCR:LA-cp rats, a model of genetic obesity and metabolic syndrome, from naturally occurring myocardial ischemic lesions. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8 each) to receive, for 12 weeks, either a) control diet (Con), b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCR:LA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. In male obese rats, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower in CFlax compared to Con. Obese rats on HFHS exhibited increased myocardial ischemic lesions and diastolic dysfunction regardless of sex. HFlax significantly lowered the frequency of cardiac lesions and improved diastolic function in male and female obese rats compared to HFHS. Blood pressures were similar in obese and lean rats. No aortic atherosclerotic lesions were detectable in any group. Collectively, this study shows that a HFHS diet increased myocardial ischemic lesion frequency and abolished the protective effect of female sex on cardiac function. More importantly, the data demonstrates dietary flaxseed protected against the development of small spontaneous cardiac infarcts despite the ingestion of a HFHS diet and the presence of morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Bhavana Garg
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada.
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Javaid F, Mehmood MH, Shaukat B. Hydroethanolic Extract of A. officinarum Hance Ameliorates Hypertension and Causes Diuresis in Obesogenic Feed-Fed Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670433. [PMID: 34305591 PMCID: PMC8299705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) has been used widely in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicines. Its folkloric uses include relieving stomach ache, treating cold, improving the circulatory system, and reducing swelling. Its effectiveness and mechanism of antihypertension in obesity-induced hypertensive rats have not been studied yet as per our knowledge. This study has been designed to provide evidence of underlying mechanisms to the medicinal use of A. officinarum as a cardiotonic using an obesity-induced hypertension model in rats. Chronic administration of A. officinarum caused a marked reduction in the body weight gain and Lee index of rats compared to the obesogenic diet-fed rats. Its administration also caused attenuation in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin, while an increase in serum HDL and adiponectin levels was noticed. The catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activities were found to be remarkable in the serum of A. officinarum-treated animal groups. A. officinarum showed mild to moderate diuretic, hepatoprotective, and reno-protective effects. The A. officinarum-treated group showed less mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase while the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and mRNA expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase were raised in comparison to the hypertensive group of rats evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These findings show that A. officinarum possesses antihypertensive and diuretic activities, thus providing a rationale to the medicinal use of A. officinarum in cardiovascular ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gamil NMB, El Agaty SM, Megahed GK, Mansour RS, Abdel-Latif MS. Reversion to regular diet with alternate day fasting can cure grade-I non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fructose-intake-associated metabolic syndrome. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem that accompanied the obesity epidemic and is considered as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Modification of lifestyle of MetS patients remains the focus to reverse and prevent progression of hepatic steatosis to NAFLD and its worsening to severe forms. The present study investigates the possible curability of metabolic syndrome -associated grade-1 NAFLD merely by alternate day fasting with or without reversion to regular diet in adult male rats. The present study was performed on 66 local strain male rats aged (6–10 m.) distributed randomly into C group (n = 12), on regular rat diet; and M group (n = 54) on high fructose- intake. On the 8th week, then rats were subjected to measurement of BW, BMI, WC, FBG, IPGTT, HDL-C, TGs, and liver histopathology, to include MetS rats randomly into four experimental groups for 4 weeks as follows: MS (n = 14); MSRD (n = 12); MSF (n = 13); and MSRDF (n = 12). On the 12th week, all rats were subjected to measurements of BW, BMI, WC, LW, LW/BW, VFW, VFW/BW, FBG, IPGTT, Ins., HOMA-IR, HbA1C, TGs, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, CRP, Alb., bilirubin, ALT, L-MDA, and liver histopathology.
Results
On the 8th week, M group developed MerS and grade-I NAFLD with score-4 hepatosteatosis (69%). On the 12th week, MS group had grade-1 NAFLD with score-4 hepatosteatosis (82%) with significantly increased Ins., HOMA-IR, HDL-C, LW, LW/BW, L-MDA, ALT, CRP, and significantly decreased Alb. than C rats. Both MSRD and MSF groups had grade-1 NAFLD with score-3 hepatosteatosis (42%) with significantly decreased Ins., HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, LW, LW/BW, L-MDA, ALT, CRP, and significantly increased HDL-C and Alb. than MS group. MSRDF rats showed cure of grade-1 NAFLD and significantly decreased LW than other groups and normalized HOMA-IR, HbA1C TC, LDL-C, ALT, and CRP.
Conclusion
One month of alternate-day fasting and regular rat diet could cure grade-I NAFLD associated with Mets due to high fructose intake possibly by attenuating metabolic disorders. These two interventions might be recommended in the management of MetS patients with grade 1-NAFLD disease.
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Pharmacological potential of ferulic acid for the treatment of metabolic diseases and its mechanism of action: A review. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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Cheng WL, Li SJ, Lee TI, Lee TW, Chung CC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Sugar Fructose Triggers Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolic Inflammation with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 34201938 PMCID: PMC8301417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a main dietary sugar involved in the excess sugar intake-mediated progression of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic intake of fructose has been the focus on the possible contributor to the metabolic diseases and cardiac inflammation. Recently, the small intestine was identified to be a major organ in fructose metabolism. The overconsumption of fructose induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, increases intestinal permeability and activates host inflammation. Endotoxins and metabolites of the gut microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids, also influence the host inflammation and cardiac biofunctions. Thus, high-fructose diets cause heart-gut axis disorders that promote cardiac arrhythmia. Understanding how gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated inflammation influences the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia may provide mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmogenesis. This narrative review updates our current understanding of the roles of excessive intake of fructose on the heart-gut axis and proposes potential strategies for inflammation-associated cardiac vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Mas-Capdevila A, Iglesias-Carres L, Arola-Arnal A, Suárez M, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Changes in arterial blood pressure caused by long-term administration of grape seed proanthocyanidins in rats with established hypertension. Food Funct 2021; 11:8735-8742. [PMID: 32945822 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypertension (HTN) in cafeteria (CAF) diet-fed rats was demonstrated to be attenuated after grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) administration. However, the long-term antihypertensive effect of GSPE in animals with established HTN has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate if GSPE shows a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive rats after its administration for 3 weeks. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks, and during the last 3 weeks, animals were administered vehicle, captopril or a low dose of GSPE (25 mg per kg body weight, bw). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were monitored weekly. The liver reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity and endothelial gene expression of eNOS, KLF-2, Sirt-1, NOX4 and ET-1 were studied at the end-point. The results demonstrated that 3 weeks of CAF diet administration with 25 mg per kg bw GSPE significantly reduced SBP and DBP in hypertensive rats. GSPE induced the upregulation of Sirt-1 gene expression and downregulated the vasoconstrictor ET-1, suggesting the vasoprotective effect of GSPE and increased the antioxidant GSH activity. The administration of 25 mg per kg bw GSPE for 3 weeks significantly reduced BP in CAF diet fed animals with established HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francisca I Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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John OD, du Preez R, Panchal SK, Brown L. Tropical foods as functional foods for metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2021; 11:6946-6960. [PMID: 32692322 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tropical foods are an integral part of the traditional diet and form part of traditional medicine in many countries. This review examines the potential of tropical foods to treat signs of metabolic syndrome, defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation leading to obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease as well as osteoarthritis and some cancers. Tropical foods such as seaweeds and tropical fruits including indigenous fruits such as Davidson's plums are effective in reducing these signs of metabolic syndrome in rats, as well as reducing degeneration of bone cartilage and altering gut microbiome. Further, waste products from tropical fruits including mangosteen rind, coffee pulp and spent coffee grounds provide further options to reduce metabolic syndrome. Production of local tropical foods and local recovery of food waste from these foods could allow the development of commercial, sustainable and cost-effective functional foods in tropical countries. The aim is to develop these functional foods to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome and decrease the risk of costly chronic cardiovascular and metabolic disorders locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D John
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
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Ueno T, Tanaka N, Imoto H, Maekawa M, Kohyama A, Watanabe K, Motoi F, Kamei T, Unno M, Naitoh T. Mechanism of Bile Acid Reabsorption in the Biliopancreatic Limb After Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass in Rats. Obes Surg 2021; 30:2528-2537. [PMID: 32291708 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) are important in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Most BAs are reabsorbed in the ileum and recycled back to the liver. We have reported that this enterohepatic circulation was shortened by duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), and the biliopancreatic (BP)-limb plays an important role in reabsorption of BAs. However, the mechanism of BA reabsorption in BP-limb remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of BA reabsorption after DJB, especially focusing on carrier-mediated transport of BAs and the impact of the presence or absence of lipids on BA reabsorption. METHODS Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty rats or Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a control group and DJB group. BA levels in the divided small intestine were quantified with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Labeled BA was injected and perfused with BA transporter inhibitors or mixture of lipids in the isolated BP-limb, and bile was sampled and analyzed. RESULTS Conjugated BA levels in the BP-limb were significantly higher than that of the control group. BA absorption tended to decrease by the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter inhibitor and was significantly decreased by the organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) inhibitor. BA absorption tended to increase in the absence of lipid solutions compared with that in the presence of lipid solutions. CONCLUSION We attributed the increased BA reabsorption in the BP-limb to lack of food in the BP-limb, which contains concentrated BAs and no lipids. OATP played an important role in BA reabsorption in the BP-limb. Therefore, BAs would be reabsorbed in different manners after DJB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ueno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Imoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kohyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Ognik K, Dworzański W, Sembratowicz I, Fotschki B, Cholewińska E, Listos P, Juśkiewicz J. The effect of the high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium on rats body composition, liver metabolism and organ histology Cr in liver metabolism and histology of selected organs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126705. [PMID: 33383354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we hypothesized that feeding rats a high-fat diet negatively affects liver metabolism and function and disturbs the histology of some internal organs. We also postulated that there is a form of chromium whose administration alleviates the negative effects of a high-fat diet in rats. METHODS To verify the hypotheses, we tested the effect of various forms of chrome (picolinate - Cr-Pic, Chromium(III)-methionine complex - Cr-Met, and chrome nanoparticles - Cr-NPs) applied in the recommended amount of 0.3 mg/kg of BW on growth parameters, body fat, liver metabolism and functional disorders, and histological parameters of selected internal organs in rats fed a standard (S) or high-fat diet (F). The experiment was conducted on 56 male outbred Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus. Cmdb:WI) randomly divided into eight experimental groups. For eight weeks the rats received a standard or high-fat diet, without Cr or with Cr at 0.3 mg/kg diet in the form of Cr-Pic, Cr-Met or Cr-NPs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of a F diet disrupted the lipid-carbohydrate profile, worsened liver metabolism and function, reduced the expression of hepatic PPAR-α and leaded to negative changes in the histological image of internal organs - liver, kidneys and pancreas. The 8-week use of an chromium supplement in a F diet, regardless of the form used, did not improve the ratio of fat tissue to lean tissue, worsened liver function and negatively affected on the histological image of the liver, kidneys and pancreas. However, the most negative changes in lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and liver functioning were observed with CrNPs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dworzański
- Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
| | - Iwona Sembratowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cholewińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland.
| | - Piotr Listos
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
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Sulistyaningsih I, Afifah DN, Juniarto AZ, Anjani G, Rustanti N. The Effect of Tempe Gembus on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Adiponectine Levels in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S51-S55. [PMID: 33612648 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can affect the inflammatory state which results in increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP) and decreased adiponectin levels. Tempe gembus is a functional food that can reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome through the inflammatory pathway. This study applied a quasi experimental method, with a post-test only control group design. Sprague Dawley rats (n=30) were divided into 2 control groups (K- and K+) and 3 treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) which were given a 4-wk diet that included 2.5 g (P1), 5 g (P2), and 7.5 g (P3) of tempe gembus. Adiponectin and hs CRP levels were measured with ELISA. Statistical analysis was done with a one-way ANOVA test and a Kruskal Wallis test. It apprears that administering tempe gembus in these amounts can reduce the hs CRP levels (p=0.037) and increase adiponectin levels in rats with metabolic syndrome (p=0.008). This research has shown that a 2.5 g of tempe gembus can have a strong effect on hs CRP and 5 g of tempe gembus have a strong effect on adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Nur Afifah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University
| | | | - Gemala Anjani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University
| | - Ninik Rustanti
- Department of Nutrition Science, Medical Faculty, Diponegoro University
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