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Fallahi MS, Sahebekhtiari K, Hosseini H, Aliasin MM, Noroozi M, Moghadam Fard A, Aarabi MH, Gulisashvili D, Shafie M, Mayeli M. Distinct patterns of hippocampal subfield volumes predict coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in healthy adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00904-8. [PMID: 39103671 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the hippocampus (HC) is involved in cognitive and behavioral functions beyond memory. We aimed to investigate how the volume of each subfield of the HC is associated with distinct patterns of coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in a healthy population. METHODS We studied a total of 218 healthy subjects using the Leipzig mind-brain-body dataset. Participants were assessed for coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), and Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System (BAS/BIS). The associations between HC subfield volumes including CA1, CA2/3, CA4/DG, SR-SL-SM, and subiculum, and behavioral scores were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for possible confounders, including age, sex, years of education, handedness, total intracranial volume (ICV), and HC volume. RESULTS The use of emotional support, venting, and positive reframing coping strategies were significantly and positively correlated with total, total right, and total left HC volumes. Venting was significantly associated with CA1 after adjusting for age, sex, handedness, and education (P=0.001, B = 0.265, P-FDR = 0.005). No significant association was observed between CERQ subscales and HC subfield volumes after controlling for confounders and multiple analyses. However, sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS-P was positively correlated with total and right CA2-CA3 volumes after adjustments for age, sex, handedness, ICV, and HC volumes (P=0.002, B = 0.266, P-FDR = 0.035). BAS and BIS subscales did not show significant relationship with HC subfield volumes. CONCLUSION Patterns of HC subfields volumes are associated with coping strategies, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. In particular, using emotional support, positive reframing, venting, and sensation seeking are significantly associated with certain HC subfield volumes. These findings suggest that the hippocampus may play a crucial role in modulating emotional responses and behavioral adaptations, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Fallahi
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Sahebekhtiari
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Helia Hosseini
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Aliasin
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Noroozi
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - David Gulisashvili
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahan Shafie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- NeuroTRACT International Association, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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White TA, Miller SL, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Camm EJ. Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1698-1708. [PMID: 38519794 PMCID: PMC11245394 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth. Clinical investigations demonstrate that preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and acute hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) are common perinatal complications that alter hippocampal development. In turn, deficits in hippocampal development and structure mediate a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cognitive and learning problems, autism, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this review, we summarise the developmental profile of the hippocampus during fetal and neonatal life and examine the hippocampal deficits observed following common human pregnancy complications. IMPACT: The review provides a comprehensive summary of the developmental profile of the hippocampus in normal fetal and neonatal life. We address a significant knowledge gap in paediatric research by providing a comprehensive summary of the relationship between pregnancy complications and subsequent hippocampal damage, shedding new light on this critical aspect of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Li XH, Shi W, Chen QY, Hao S, Miao HH, Miao Z, Xu F, Bi GQ, Zhuo M. Activation of the glutamatergic cingulate cortical-cortical connection facilitates pain in adult mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1247. [PMID: 38071375 PMCID: PMC10710420 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of the left and right cerebral hemispheres and both are connected by callosal projections. Less is known about the basic mechanism of this cortical-cortical connection and its functional importance. Here we investigate the cortical-cortical connection between the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by using the classic electrophysiological and optogenetic approach. We find that there is a direct synaptic projection from one side ACC to the contralateral ACC. Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter for bilateral ACC connection, including projections to pyramidal cells in superficial (II/III) and deep (V/VI) layers of the ACC. Both AMPA and kainate receptors contribute to synaptic transmission. Repetitive stimulation of the projection also evoked postsynaptic Ca2+ influx in contralateral ACC pyramidal neurons. Behaviorally, light activation of the ACC-ACC connection facilitated behavioral withdrawal responses to mechanical stimuli and noxious heat. In an animal model of neuropathic pain, light inhibitory of ACC-ACC connection reduces both primary and secondary hyperalgesia. Our findings provide strong direct evidence for the excitatory or facilitatory contribution of ACC-ACC connection to pain perception, and this mechanism may provide therapeutic targets for future treatment of chronic pain and related emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Wantong Shi
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shun Hao
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Miao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Institute of Brain Research, Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510130, China.
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Látalová A, Radimecká M, Lamoš M, Jáni M, Damborská A, Theiner P, Bartečková E, Bartys P, Vlčková H, Školiaková K, Kašpárek T, Linhartová P. Neural correlates of social exclusion and overinclusion in patients with borderline personality disorder: an fMRI study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:35. [PMID: 38037120 PMCID: PMC10691118 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal difficulties of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are closely related to rejection sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to gain further insight into the experience and cerebral processing of social interactions in patients with BPD by using fMRI during experimentally induced experiences of social exclusion, inclusion, and overinclusion. METHODS The study involved 30 participants diagnosed with BPD (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.22, SD = 5.22) and 30 healthy controls (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.66, SD = 5.28) with no current or lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. In the fMRI session, all participants were asked to complete a Cyberball task that consisted of an alternating sequence of inclusion, exclusion, and overinclusion conditions. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, participants with BPD reported higher levels of inner tension and more unpleasant emotions across all experimental conditions. At the neural level, the participants with BPD showed lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion (relative to the inclusion condition) than the healthy controls did. Lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in this contrast was associated with childhood maltreatment in patients with BPD. However, this difference was no longer significant when we added the covariate of hippocampal volume to the analysis. During social overinclusion (relative to the inclusion condition), we observed no significant differences in a group comparison of neural activation. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that patients with BPD experience more discomfort than do healthy controls during social interactions. Compared to healthy participants, patients with BPD reported more inner tension and unpleasant emotions, irrespective of the extent to which others included them in social interactions. At a neural level, the participants with BPD showed a lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion than the healthy controls did. The reduced activation of this neural structure could be related to a history of childhood maltreatment and smaller hippocampal volume in patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Látalová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Radimecká
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lamoš
- Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jáni
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Damborská
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Bartečková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Bartys
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Vlčková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Školiaková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kim SR, Eom Y, Lee SH. Comprehensive analysis of sex differences in the function and ultrastructure of hippocampal presynaptic terminals. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105570. [PMID: 37451344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the brain, encompassing variations in specific brain structures, size, cognitive function, and synaptic connections, have been identified across numerous species. While previous research has explored sex differences in postsynaptic structures, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent functions, the hippocampal presynaptic terminals remain largely uninvestigated. The hippocampus is a critical structure responsible for multiple brain functions. This study examined presynaptic differences in cultured hippocampal neurons derived from male and female mice using a combination of biochemical assays, functional analyses measuring exocytosis and endocytosis of synaptic vesicle proteins, ultrastructural analyses via electron microscopy, and presynaptic Ca2+-specific optical probes. Our findings revealed that female neurons exhibited a higher number of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals compared to male neurons. However, no significant differences were observed in presynaptic protein expression, presynaptic terminal ultrastructure, synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis, or presynaptic Ca2+ alterations between male and female neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunkyung Eom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Pirazzini G, Starita F, Ricci G, Garofalo S, di Pellegrino G, Magosso E, Ursino M. Changes in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal. Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02646-7. [PMID: 37129622 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fear conditioning is used to investigate the neural bases of threat and anxiety, and to understand their flexible modifications when the environment changes. This study aims to examine the temporal evolution of brain rhythms using electroencephalographic signals recorded in healthy volunteers during a protocol of Pavlovian fear conditioning and reversal. Power changes and Granger connectivity in theta, alpha, and gamma bands are investigated from neuroelectrical activity reconstructed on the cortex. Results show a significant increase in theta power in the left (contralateral to electrical shock) portion of the midcingulate cortex during fear acquisition, and a significant decrease in alpha power in a broad network over the left posterior-frontal and parietal cortex. These changes occur since the initial trials for theta power, but require more trials (3/4) to develop for alpha, and are also present during reversal, despite being less pronounced. In both bands, relevant changes in connectivity are mainly evident in the last block of reversal, just when power differences attenuate. No significant changes in the gamma band were detected. We conclude that the increased theta rhythm in the cingulate cortex subserves fear acquisition and is transmitted to other cortical regions via increased functional connectivity allowing a fast theta synchronization, whereas the decrease in alpha power can represent a partial activation of motor and somatosensory areas contralateral to the shock side in the presence of a dangerous stimulus. In addition, connectivity changes at the end of reversal may reflect long-term alterations in synapses necessary to reverse the previously acquired contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pirazzini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Area di Campus Cesena, Via Dell'Università 50, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Starita
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Area di Campus Cesena, Via Dell'Università 50, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Garofalo
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Magosso
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Area di Campus Cesena, Via Dell'Università 50, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Area di Campus Cesena, Via Dell'Università 50, 47521, Cesena, Italy
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7
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Zhang R, Zhao W, Qi Z, Xu T, Zhou F, Becker B. Angiotensin II Regulates the Neural Expression of Subjective Fear in Humans: A Precision Pharmaco-Neuroimaging Approach. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:262-270. [PMID: 36174930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent models and pharmacological neuroimaging studies in humans have been used to test novel pharmacological agents to reduce fear. However, these strategies are limited with respect to determining process-specific effects on the actual subjective experience of fear, which represents the key symptom that motivates patients to seek treatment. In this study, we used a novel precision pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging approach based on process-specific neuroaffective signatures to determine effects of the selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan on the subjective experience of fear. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging design, healthy participants (N = 87) were administered 50 mg losartan or placebo before they underwent an oddball paradigm that included neutral, novel, and fear oddballs. Effects of losartan on brain activity and connectivity as well as on process-specific multivariate neural signatures were examined. RESULTS AT1R blockade selectively reduced neurofunctional reactivity to fear-inducing visual oddballs in terms of attenuating dorsolateral prefrontal activity and amygdala-ventral anterior cingulate communication. Neurofunctional decoding further demonstrated fear-specific effects in that AT1R blockade reduced the neural expression of subjective fear but not of threat or nonspecific negative affect and did not influence reactivity to novel oddballs. CONCLUSIONS These results show a specific role of the AT1R in regulating the subjective fear experience and demonstrate the feasibility of a precision pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to the affective characterization of novel receptor targets for fear in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyu Qi
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, ChongQing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, ChongQing, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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The impact of studying on the hippocampal volume in medical students and its correlation with the results of the Final Medical Examination: a single-centre, prospective observational cohort study. Pol J Radiol 2023; 88:e22-e30. [PMID: 36819222 PMCID: PMC9907159 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2023.124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The hippocampus forms part of the limbic system and is involved in the learning process; it is responsible for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of intensive studying on hippocampal volume and whether this correlates with exam results. Material and methods The analysis included volunteer final-year medical students who underwent 2 volumetric 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans with an interval of 20 weeks: 19 weeks before and one week after the Final Medi-cal Examination. FreeSurfer software was used to compare the volumes of the whole hippocampus and its subfields between the 2 measurements. We assessed correlations between changes in hippocampal volume and the time students spent studying, between changes in hippocampal volume and the results of the exam, and between time spent studying and exam results. Results Forty participants (25 women and 15 men; mean age 25 years) were included in the analysis. The right hippocampus presubiculum area increased significantly over the study period (p = 0.029), whereas the volume of the left hippocampus remained unchanged. An increase in the volume of the right hippocampus correlated with longer study time (r = 0.371 in percentage and r = 0.397 in mm3) and better LEK exam results (r = 0.441 in percentage and r = 0.456 in mm3). Conclusions Our research confirms the role of the hippocampus, particularly the subicular complex, in the process of learning and remembering, and suggest that the plastic abilities of the hippocampus depend on the intensity of learning and translate into better skills.
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Dutra ML, Dias P, Freiberger V, Ventura L, Comim CM, Martins DF, Bobinski F. Maternal immune activation induces autism-like behavior and reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and offspring cortex of C57BL/6 mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136974. [PMID: 36414133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal factors such as viral or bacterial infections occurring mainly during the first trimesters of pregnancy can increase the incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. In an animal model, it is already known that maternal immune activation (MIA) induces autistic-like behavior. However, it is unclear whether this behavior presents itself in young animals. In this preclinical experimental study, we investigated in the offspring of C57BL/6 female mice submitted to MIA with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), typically altered behaviors in ASD, such as social interaction and stereotyped self-grooming movement, as well as the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) in the hippocampus and cortex, at 28 and 60 days. Adult animals aged 60 days, offspring of females submitted to MIA, showed a decrease in the time of social interaction and an increase in the number of self-cleaning movements. In the hippocampus of the offspring of females submitted to MIA, a decrease in BDNF levels was found at 28 days and 60 days of life, and a decrease in IL-17A levels only at 60 days. The levels of BDNF and IL-17A did not change in the cortex of the offspring of mice submitted to MIA at the evaluated times. Young animals aged 28 days still showed typical behavior, without social deficits and stereotyped movements that characterize ASD, which suggests that at this age it is still not possible to observe the repercussions of MIA in this model. In the neurochemical issues of the hippocampal region, impairment of BDNF levels has already been demonstrated, which may be an important factor for the observation of ASD-like behaviors in adult mice at 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Luchini Dutra
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil; Research Group in Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UNISUL, Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paula Dias
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil; Research Group in Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UNISUL, Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Viviane Freiberger
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil; Research Group in Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UNISUL, Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ventura
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil; Research Group in Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UNISUL, Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Martinelli Comim
- Research Group in Neurodevelopment of Childhood and Adolescence, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UNISUL, Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, 88137-270 Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Menting-Henry S, Hidalgo-Lopez E, Aichhorn M, Kronbichler M, Kerschbaum H, Pletzer B. Oral Contraceptives Modulate the Relationship Between Resting Brain Activity, Amygdala Connectivity and Emotion Recognition – A Resting State fMRI Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:775796. [PMID: 35368304 PMCID: PMC8967165 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.775796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research into the effects of hormonal contraceptives on emotion processing and brain function suggests that hormonal contraceptive users show (a) reduced accuracy in recognizing emotions compared to naturally cycling women, and (b) alterations in amygdala volume and connectivity at rest. To date, these observations have not been linked, although the amygdala has certainly been identified as core region activated during emotion recognition. To assess, whether volume, oscillatory activity and connectivity of emotion-related brain areas at rest are predictive of participant’s ability to recognize facial emotional expressions, 72 participants (20 men, 20 naturally cycling women, 16 users of androgenic contraceptives, 16 users of anti-androgenic contraceptives) completed a brain structural and resting state fMRI scan, as well as an emotion recognition task. Our results showed that resting brain characteristics did not mediate oral contraceptive effects on emotion recognition performance. However, sex and oral contraceptive use emerged as a moderator of brain-behavior associations. Sex differences did emerge in the prediction of emotion recognition performance by the left amygdala amplitude of low frequency oscillations (ALFF) for anger, as well as left and right amygdala connectivity for fear. Anti-androgenic oral contraceptive users (OC) users stood out in that they showed strong brain-behavior associations, usually in the opposite direction as naturally cycling women, while androgenic OC-users showed a pattern similar to, but weaker, than naturally cycling women. This result suggests that amygdala ALFF and connectivity have predictive values for facial emotion recognition. The importance of the different connections depends heavily on sex hormones and oral contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice Menting-Henry
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Esmeralda Hidalgo-Lopez
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Aichhorn
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hubert Kerschbaum
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Belinda Pletzer,
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11
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Tubbs AS, Fernandez FX, Grandner MA, Perlis ML, Klerman EB. The Mind After Midnight: Nocturnal Wakefulness, Behavioral Dysregulation, and Psychopathology. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 1:830338. [PMID: 35538929 PMCID: PMC9083440 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.830338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient sleep with minimal interruption during the circadian/biological night supports daytime cognition and emotional regulation. Conversely, disrupted sleep involving significant nocturnal wakefulness leads to cognitive and behavioral dysregulation. Most studies to-date have examined how fragmented or insufficient sleep affects next-day functioning, but recent work highlights changes in cognition and behavior that occur when someone is awake during the night. This review summarizes the evidence for day-night alterations in maladaptive behaviors, including suicide, violent crime, and substance use, and examines how mood, reward processing, and executive function differ during nocturnal wakefulness. Based on this evidence, we propose the Mind after Midnight hypothesis in which attentional biases, negative affect, altered reward processing, and prefrontal disinhibition interact to promote behavioral dysregulation and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Tubbs
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Evelyn F Mcknight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael A. Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael L. Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Greipl S, Klein E, Lindstedt A, Kiili K, Moeller K, Karnath HO, Bahnmueller J, Bloechle J, Ninaus M. When the brain comes into play: Neurofunctional correlates of emotions and reward in game-based learning. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Early Development of the GABAergic System and the Associated Risks of Neonatal Anesthesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312951. [PMID: 34884752 PMCID: PMC8657958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have elucidated the apparent neurodevelopmental effects resulting from neonatal anesthesia. Observations of learning and behavioral deficits in children, who were exposed to anesthesia early in development, have instigated a flurry of studies that have predominantly utilized animal models to further interrogate the mechanisms of neonatal anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Specifically, while neonatal anesthesia has demonstrated its propensity to affect multiple cell types in the brain, it has shown to have a particularly detrimental effect on the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, which contributes to the observed learning and behavioral deficits. The damage to GABAergic neurons, resulting from neonatal anesthesia, seems to involve structure-specific changes in excitatory-inhibitory balance and neurovascular coupling, which manifest following a significant interval after neonatal anesthesia exposure. Thus, to better understand how neonatal anesthesia affects the GABAergic system, we first review the early development of the GABAergic system in various structures that have been the focus of neonatal anesthesia research. This is followed by an explanation that, due to the prolonged developmental curve of the GABAergic system, the entirety of the negative effects of neonatal anesthesia on learning and behavior in children are not immediately evident, but instead take a substantial amount of time (years) to fully develop. In order to address these concerns going forward, we subsequently offer a variety of in vivo methods which can be used to record these delayed effects.
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Della Vecchia S, Marchese M, Santorelli FM, Sicca F. Kir4.1 Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Depression: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:2628. [PMID: 34685608 PMCID: PMC8534194 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A serotonergic dysfunction has been largely postulated as the main cause of depression, mainly due to its effective response to drugs that increase the serotonergic tone, still currently the first therapeutic line in this mood disorder. However, other dysfunctional pathomechanisms are likely involved in the disorder, and this may in part explain why some individuals with depression are resistant to serotonergic therapies. Among these, emerging evidence suggests a role for the astrocytic inward rectifier potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) as an important modulator of neuronal excitability and glutamate metabolism. To discuss the relationship between Kir4.1 dysfunction and depression, a systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by two independent reviewers. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, analyzing Kir4.1 relationships with depression, through in vitro, in vivo, and post-mortem investigations. Increasing, yet not conclusive, evidence suggests a potential pathogenic role for Kir4.1 upregulation in depression. However, the actual contribution in the diverse subtypes of the disorder and in the comorbid conditions, for example, the epilepsy-depression comorbidity, remain elusive. Further studies are needed to better define the clinical phenotype associated with Kir4.1 dysfunction in humans and the molecular mechanisms by which it contributes to depression and implications for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federico Sicca
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, USL Centro Toscana, 59100 Prato, Italy
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15
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Neurogenesis in the adult brain functionally contributes to the maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18549. [PMID: 34535707 PMCID: PMC8448753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain has been associated with diverse behaviors including disrupted learning, negative mood disorders and psychiatric conditions. However, its functional role in the generation and maintenance of chronic pathological pain has not yet been elucidated. Using an inducible genetic deletion in vivo mouse model, different behavioural paradigms and home cage monitoring systems, we show that an absence of adult neurogenesis does not impact the development of neuropathic injury-induced peripheral nociceptive hypersensitivity, but rather promotes the recovery of pathological pain as well as improves parameters associated with the state of well-being of the injured mice. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the mechanisms of chronic pain and implicate neurogenic processes as a potential therapeutic target for reducing pain and improving the quality of life for patients.
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Mazzitelli M, Marshall K, Pham A, Ji G, Neugebauer V. Optogenetic Manipulations of Amygdala Neurons Modulate Spinal Nociceptive Processing and Behavior Under Normal Conditions and in an Arthritis Pain Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668337. [PMID: 34113253 PMCID: PMC8185300 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is an important neural substrate for the emotional–affective dimension of pain and modulation of pain. The central nucleus (CeA) serves major amygdala output functions and receives nociceptive and affected–related information from the spino-parabrachial and lateral–basolateral amygdala (LA–BLA) networks. The CeA is a major site of extra–hypothalamic expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF, also known as corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH), and amygdala CRF neurons form widespread projections to target regions involved in behavioral and descending pain modulation. Here we explored the effects of modulating amygdala neurons on nociceptive processing in the spinal cord and on pain-like behaviors, using optogenetic activation or silencing of BLA to CeA projections and CeA–CRF neurons under normal conditions and in an acute pain model. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from spinal dorsal horn wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons, which respond more strongly to noxious than innocuous mechanical stimuli, in normal and arthritic adult rats (5–6 h postinduction of a kaolin/carrageenan–monoarthritis in the left knee). For optogenetic activation or silencing of CRF neurons, a Cre–inducible viral vector (DIO–AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) or enhanced Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0) was injected stereotaxically into the right CeA of transgenic Crh–Cre rats. For optogenetic activation or silencing of BLA axon terminals in the CeA, a viral vector (AAV) encoding ChR2 or eNpHR3.0 under the control of the CaMKII promoter was injected stereotaxically into the right BLA of Sprague–Dawley rats. For wireless optical stimulation of ChR2 or eNpHR3.0 expressing CeA–CRF neurons or BLA–CeA axon terminals, an LED optic fiber was stereotaxically implanted into the right CeA. Optical activation of CeA–CRF neurons or of BLA axon terminals in the CeA increased the evoked responses of spinal WDR neurons and induced pain-like behaviors (hypersensitivity and vocalizations) under normal condition. Conversely, optical silencing of CeA–CRF neurons or of BLA axon terminals in the CeA decreased the evoked responses of spinal WDR neurons and vocalizations, but not hypersensitivity, in the arthritis pain model. These findings suggest that the amygdala can drive the activity of spinal cord neurons and pain-like behaviors under normal conditions and in a pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kendall Marshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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17
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Calderazzo SM, Busch SE, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Distribution and overlap of entorhinal, premotor, and amygdalar connections in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:885-904. [PMID: 32677044 PMCID: PMC8214921 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for decision-making as it integrates motor plans with affective and contextual limbic information. Disruptions in these networks have been observed in depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet, overlap of limbic and motor connections within subdivisions of the ACC is not well understood. Hence, we administered a combination of retrograde and anterograde tracers into structures important for contextual memories (entorhinal cortex), affective processing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection neurons from (outputs) and axon terminals to (inputs) the ACC of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated across ventral (A25, A24a) and dorsal (A24b,c) subregions of the ACC, while amygdalar connections are more evenly distributed across subregions. Among all areas, the rostral ACC (A32) had the lowest relative density of connections with all three regions. In the ventral ACC, entorhinal and amygdalar connections strongly overlap across all layers, especially in A25. In the dorsal ACC, outputs to dPMC and the amygdala strongly overlap in deep layers. However, dPMC input to the dorsal ACC was densest in deep layers, while amygdalar inputs predominantly localized in upper layers. These connection patterns are consistent with diverse roles of the dorsal ACC in motor evaluation and the ventral ACC in affective and contextual memory. Further, distinct laminar circuits suggest unique interactions within specific ACC compartments that are likely important for the temporal integration of motor and limbic information during flexible goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Calderazzo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silas E. Busch
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Effects of sub-chronic caffeine ingestion on memory and the hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK signaling in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:137-145. [PMID: 33556562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, has been shown to affect mood, memory, alertness, and cognitive performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of sub-chronic oral gavage of caffeine on memory and the phosphorylation levels of hippocampal Akt (protein kinase B), GSK-3β (Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) in mice. Adult male NMRI mice were administered with caffeine at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg/oral gavage for 10 days before behavioral assessments. Upon completion of the behavioral tasks, the hippocampi were isolated for western blot analysis to detect the phosphorylated and total levels of Akt, GSK-3β and ERK proteins. The results showed that sub-chronic caffeine ingestion at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg improves memory in mice both in passive avoidance and novel object recognition tasks. Furthermore, this memory enhancing dose of caffeine elevated the ratios of phosphorylated to total contents of hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK. This study suggests that sub-chronic low dose of caffeine improves memory and increases the phosphorylation of hippocampal Akt, GSK-3β and ERK proteins.
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19
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Fabricating an electroactive injectable hydrogel based on pluronic-chitosan/aniline-pentamer containing angiogenic factor for functional repair of the hippocampus ischemia rat model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Comparison of the Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Prelimbic Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala for Facilitation of Extinction Process of Conditioned Fear. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The study of the biological basis of fear in animal models has progressed considerably because of the energy and space that the brain devotes to this basic emotion. Electrical stimulation targets several structures of the brain to examine its behavioral effects and to understand the role of different regions in underlying mechanisms of fear processing and anxiety in preclinical models. Objectives: In this study, the effects of high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic (PL) sub-region of the prefrontal cortex were evaluated on the extinction process of conditioned fear. Methods: This study was performed on 35 male Wistar rats in the weight range of 220 – 250 g. After selecting the animals, they were separated into five groups. Then, we did stereotactic surgery on rats for electrode implantation. After recovery, some rats were conditioned, followed by a 10-day treatment schedule via high-frequency DBS in the BLA or PL. Next, freezing behavior was measured as a predicted response dedicated to extinction, without shock (re-exposure). In addition, we used ELISA and Western blot to estimate blood serum corticosterone levels and c-Fos protein expression. Results: The mean freezing time recorded for the PL group was significantly lower than that of both the BLA group and the PC group (P < 0.01). The BLA group and PC group were also significantly different (P < 0.001). Corticosterone results indicated that the PL group had significantly higher serum corticosterone levels compared with both the BLA group and the PC group (P < 0.01). In addition, the BLA group revealed a significant reduction in c-Fos expression compared with the PC (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the contribution of the prelimbic cortex and amygdala both in acquisition and extinction processes during contextual fear conditioning. However, the PL stimulation by high-frequency DBS might be more involved in the extinction process and play a more important role as an enhancer.
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21
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Sinha S, Patro N, Tiwari PK, Patro IK. Maternal Spirulina supplementation during pregnancy and lactation partially prevents oxidative stress, glial activation and neuronal damage in protein malnourished F1 progeny. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104877. [PMID: 33049335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition (PMN) is a global health issue but most prevalent in Africa and Asia. It exerts detrimental effect on structural and physiological aspects of hippocampal circuitry. Despite accumulating evidence for PMN induced changes in nervous system, relatively very little is known about how maternal nutritional supplementation during malnutrition affects glial cells and neurons. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal Spirulina supplementation against PMN induced oxidative stress, reactive gliosis and neuronal damage in hippocampus of F1 progeny. Three months old healthy Sprague Dawley females (n = 24) were shifted to normoprotein (NC; 20% protein) and low protein (LP; 8% protein) diets 15 days before conception. The NC and LP group females were subdivided into two groups according to Spirulina supplementation (400 mg/kg/b.wt. orally throughout gestation and lactation period): normal control with Spirulina (NC SPI) and low protein with Spirulina supplemented group (LP SPI). F1 progeny born were used in present study. Thus, building on earlier results of ameliorated neurobehavioral and cognitive abilities in Spirulina supplemented protein deprived rats, the present study incorporates neurochemical and morphometric analysis of glial cells and neurons and revealed that maternal Spirulina consumption partially prevented the PMN associated neuropathological alterations in terms of attenuated oxidative brain damage, reduced reactive gliosis and apoptotic cell population, improved dendritic branch complexity with few damaged neurons and enhanced mushroom shaped spine density. The results suggest that cellular changes in hippocampus after PMN are partially restored after maternal Spirulina supplementation and one could envision intervention approaches using Spirulina against malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrstha Sinha
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - P K Tiwari
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan K Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
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22
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Ma L, Hettema JM, Cousijn J, Bjork JM, Steinberg JL, Keyser-Marcus L, Woisard K, Lu Q, Roberson-Nay R, Abbate A, Moeller FG. Resting-State Directional Connectivity and Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adult Cannabis Users. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:545-555. [PMID: 33388293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cannabis users and could be a risk factor for cannabis use (CU) disorder. Thus, it is critical to understand the neuronal circuits underlying the associations between CU and these symptoms. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity within and/or between the default mode network and salience network have been reported in CU, anxiety, and depressive disorders and thus could be a mechanism underlying the associations between CU disorder and anxiety/depression symptoms. METHODS Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, effective connectivities (ECs) among 9 major nodes from the default mode network and salience network were measured using dynamic causal modeling in 2 datasets: the Human Connectome Project (28 CU participants and 28 matched non-drug-using control participants) and a local CU study (21 CU participants and 21 matched non-drug-using control participants) in separate and parallel analyses. RESULTS Relative to the control participants, right amygdala to left amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex to left amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex to right insula ECs were greater, and left insula to left amygdala EC was smaller in the CU group. Each of these ECs showed a reliable linear relationship with at least one of the anxiety/depression measures. Most findings on the right amygdala to left amygdala EC were common to both datasets. CONCLUSIONS Right amygdala to left amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex to left amygdala ECs may be related to the close associations between CU and anxiety/depression symptoms. The findings on the medial prefrontal cortex to right insula and left insula to left amygdala ECs may reflect a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James M Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kyle Woisard
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - QiQi Lu
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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23
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Ji G, Neugebauer V. Kappa opioid receptors in the central amygdala modulate spinal nociceptive processing through an action on amygdala CRF neurons. Mol Brain 2020; 13:128. [PMID: 32948219 PMCID: PMC7501648 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays an important role in the emotional-affective aspects of behaviors and pain, but can also modulate sensory aspect of pain ("nociception"), likely through coupling to descending modulatory systems. Here we explored the functional coupling of the amygdala to spinal nociception. We found that pharmacological activation of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) increased the activity of spinal dorsal horn neurons; and this effect was blocked by optogenetic silencing of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) positive CeA neurons. A kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist (U-69,593) was administered into the CeA by microdialysis. KOR was targeted because of their role in averse-affective behaviors through actions in limbic brain regions. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made of CeA neurons or spinal dorsal horn neurons in anesthetized transgenic Crh-Cre rats. Neurons responded more strongly to noxious than innocuous stimuli. U-69,593 increased the responses of CeA and spinal neurons to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of peripheral tissues. The facilitatory effect of the agonist was blocked by optical silencing of CRF-CeA neurons though light activation of halorhodopsin expressed in these neurons by viral-vector. The CRF system in the amygdala has been implicated in aversiveness and pain modulation. The results suggest that the amygdala can modulate spinal nociceptive processing in a positive direction through CRF-CeA neurons and that KOR activation in the amygdala (CeA) has pro-nociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6592, USA
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6592, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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24
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Wagner-Altendorf TA, Gottschlich C, Robert C, Cirkel A, Heldmann M, Münte TF. The Suppression of Taboo Word Spoonerisms Is Associated With Altered Medial Frontal Negativity: An ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:368. [PMID: 33088266 PMCID: PMC7498727 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant internal monitoring of speech is a crucial feature to ensure the fairly error-free process of speech production. It has been argued that internal speech monitoring takes place through detection of conflict between different response options or “speech plans.” Speech errors are thought to occur because two (or more) competing speech plans become activated, and the speaker is unable to inhibit the erroneous plan(s) prior to vocalization. A prime example for a speech plan that has to be suppressed is the involuntary utterance of a taboo word. The present study seeks to examine the suppression of involuntary taboo word utterances. We used the “Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition” (SLIP) paradigm to elicit two competing speech plans, one being correct and one embodying either a taboo word or a non-taboo word spoonerism. Behavioral data showed that inadequate speech plans generally were effectively suppressed, although more effectively in the taboo word spoonerism condition. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed a broad medial frontal negativity (MFN) after the target word pair presentation, interpreted as reflecting conflict detection and resolution to suppress the inadequate speech plan. The MFN was found to be more pronounced in the taboo word spoonerism compared to the neutral word spoonerism condition, indicative of a higher level of conflict when subjects suppressed the involuntary utterance of taboo words.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carina Robert
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Cirkel
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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25
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Zhou Z, Fan K, Shi W, Chen Q, Zhuo M, Lu J. Reduced behavioral withdrawal responses during fear retrieval in adult mice and rats. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919876157. [PMID: 31452448 PMCID: PMC6740054 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919876157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain triggers emotional changes in humans and animals, including fear and anxiety. Conversely, fear and anxiety may enhance suffering of patients with pain. However, in animal models of acute pain, it has been reported that fear may inhibit pain by activating endogenous inhibitory systems. In this study, we wanted to examine if behavioral withdrawal responses may be affected during fear retrieval, a condition where fear-associated tone is applied. We found that thermal pain thresholds were significantly increased during fear retrieval. Our results indicate that animals are suffering fear like-events, while their behavioral responses are inhibited. These results indicate that it will be important to evaluate both emotional and behavioral withdrawal responses for future development of new pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Zhou
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kexin Fan
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wantong Shi
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiyu Chen
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingshan Lu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Mira RG, Lira M, Tapia-Rojas C, Rebolledo DL, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Effect of Alcohol on Hippocampal-Dependent Plasticity and Behavior: Role of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:288. [PMID: 32038190 PMCID: PMC6993074 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic alcohol drinking and alcohol dependence are an increasing health problem worldwide. Alcohol abuse is responsible for approximately 5% of the total deaths in the world, but addictive consumption of it has a substantial impact on neurological and memory disabilities throughout the population. One of the better-studied brain areas involved in cognitive functions is the hippocampus, which is also an essential brain region targeted by ethanol. Accumulated evidence in several rodent models has shown that ethanol treatment produces cognitive impairment in hippocampal-dependent tasks. These adverse effects may be related to the fact that ethanol impairs the cellular and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, including adverse changes in neuronal morphology, spine architecture, neuronal communication, and finally an increase in neuronal death. There is evidence that the damage that occurs in the different brain structures is varied according to the stage of development during which the subjects are exposed to ethanol, and even much earlier exposure to it would cause damage in the adult stage. Studies on the cellular and cognitive deficiencies produced by alcohol in the brain are needed in order to search for new strategies to reduce alcohol neuronal toxicity and to understand its consequences on memory and cognitive performance with emphasis on the crucial stages of development, including prenatal events to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Lira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Daniela L Rebolledo
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura and Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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27
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Silkis IG. The Possible Mechanism of the Appearance of Nightmares in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Approaches to Their Prevention. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Jabbi M, Nemeroff CB. Convergent neurobiological predictors of mood and anxiety symptoms and treatment response. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:587-597. [PMID: 31096806 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1620604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mood and anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global burden of diseases. Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of ~20% globally and increases the risk for suicide, a leading cause of death. Areas covered: In this review, authors highlight recent advances in the understanding of multilevel-neurobiological mechanisms for normal/pathological human affective-functioning. The authors then address the complex interplay between environmental-adversity and molecular-genetic mediators of brain correlates of affective-symptoms. The molecular focus is strategically limited to GTF2i, BDNF, and FKBP5 genes that are, respectively, involved in transcriptional-, neurodevelopmental- and neuroendocrine-pathway mediation of affective-functions. The importance of these genes is illustrated with studies of copy-number-variants, genome-wide association (GWAS), and candidate gene-sequence variant associations with disease etiology. Authors concluded by highlighting the predictive values of integrative neurobiological processing of gene-environment interactions for affective disorder symptom management. Expert opinion: Given the transcriptional, neurodevelopmental and neuroimmune relevance of GTF2i, BDNF, and FKBP5 genes, respectively, authors reviewed the putative roles of these genes in neurobiological mediation of adaptive affective-responses. Authors discussed the importance of studying gene-dosage effects in understanding affective disorder risk biology, and how such targeted neurogenetic studies could guide precision identification of novel pharmacotherapeutic targets and aid in prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbemba Jabbi
- a Department of Psychiatry , Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,b Mulva Neuroscience Institute, Dell Medical School , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,c Institute of Neuroscience , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,d Department of Psychology , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- a Department of Psychiatry , Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,b Mulva Neuroscience Institute, Dell Medical School , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,e Institute for Early Life Adversity , Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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29
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Optogenetic reactivation of memory ensembles in the retrosplenial cortex induces systems consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8576-8581. [PMID: 30877252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818432116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural circuits underlying memory change over prolonged periods after learning, in a process known as systems consolidation. Postlearning spontaneous reactivation of memory-related neural ensembles is thought to mediate this process, although a causal link has not been established. Here we test this hypothesis in mice by using optogenetics to selectively reactivate neural ensembles representing a contextual fear memory (sometimes referred to as engram neurons). High-frequency stimulation of these ensembles in the retrosplenial cortex 1 day after learning produced a recent memory with features normally observed in consolidated remote memories, including higher engagement of neocortical areas during retrieval, contextual generalization, and decreased hippocampal dependence. Moreover, this effect was only present if memory ensembles were reactivated during sleep or light anesthesia. These results provide direct support for postlearning memory ensemble reactivation as a mechanism of systems consolidation, and show that this process can be accelerated by ensemble reactivation in an unconscious state.
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30
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Liu XH, Zhu RT, Hao B, Shi YW, Wang XG, Xue L, Zhao H. Norepinephrine Induces PTSD-Like Memory Impairments via Regulation of the β-Adrenoceptor-cAMP/PKA and CaMK II/PKC Systems in the Basolateral Amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:43. [PMID: 30894805 PMCID: PMC6414421 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) can modulate the memory enhancement process during stressful events, and this modulation requires arousal-induced norepinephrine (NE) activation in the basolateral amygdale (BLA). Our previous study found that an intrahippocampal infusion of propranolol dose-dependently induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like memory impairments. To explore the role of the noradrenergic system of the BLA in PTSD-like memory impairment, we injected various doses of NE into the BLA. We found that only a specific quantity of NE (0.3 μg) could induce PTSD-like memory impairments, accompanied by a reduction in phosphorylation of GluR1 at Ser845 and Ser831. Moreover, this phenomenon could be blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) inhibitor. These findings demonstrate that NE could induce PTSD-like memory impairments via regulation of the β-adrenoceptor receptor (β-AR)-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA and CaMK II/PKC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Ting Zhu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xue
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Pinter A, Szatmari S, Horvath T, Penzlin AI, Barlinn K, Siepmann M, Siepmann T. Cardiac dysautonomia in depression - heart rate variability biofeedback as a potential add-on therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1287-1310. [PMID: 31190834 PMCID: PMC6529729 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the most important health problems and are predicted to constitute the leading cause of disease burden by the year 2030. Aside significant impact on quality of life, psychosocial well-being and socioeconomic status of affected patients, depression is associated with impaired cardiovascular health and increased mortality. The link between affective and cardiovascular disease has largely been attributed to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system resulting in a chronic shift toward increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity and, consecutively, cardiac dysautonomia. Among proposed surrogate parameters to capture and quantitatively analyze this shift, heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity have emerged as reliable tools. Attenuation of these parameters is frequently seen in patients suffering from depression and is closely linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies were designed to assess and counteract cardiac dysautonomia. While psychopharmacological treatment can effectively improve affective symptoms of depression, its effect on cardiac dysautonomia is limited. HRV biofeedback is a non-invasive technique which is based on a metronomic breathing technique to increase parasympathetic tone. While some small studies observed beneficial effects of HRV biofeedback on dysautonomia in patients with depressive disorders, larger confirmatory trials are lacking. We reviewed the current literature on cardiac dysautonomia in patients suffering from depression with a focus on the underlying pathophysiology as well as diagnostic workup and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pinter
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szatmari
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Horvath
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ana Isabel Penzlin
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristian Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Siepmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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32
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Li M, Li K, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Study on the mechanism of TMRK electroacupuncture in repairing synaptic plasticity in amygdala and hippocampus to relieve fear memory in PTSD rats. Technol Health Care 2019; 27:425-443. [PMID: 31045558 PMCID: PMC6598005 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental disorder caused by mental or psychological trauma after sudden events of a catastrophic or threatening nature. Synaptic plasticity is the core mechanism of PTSD and the main point of treatment of this disease. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control (Ctrl), SPS (single-prolonged stress) model, SPS&S model (SPS and foot electric shock), SPS+EA (SPS plus electroacupuncture), and SPS&S+EA groups. Tranquilize Mind and Regulate Kidney (TMRK) electroacupuncture method was performed in each rat in the SPS+EA and SPS&S+EA groups, the treatment lasted for 20 minutes per day, simultaneously for 3 consecutive weeks. Behavioral evaluations, molecular tests, electron microscopy, electrophysiological testing were conducted following the treatment. RESULTS First, electro-acupuncture can significantly improve the PTSD-like symptoms. Second, electro-acupuncture can up-regulate the long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus, repair the synaptic morphology and improve BDNF levels in amygdala and hippocampus. Third, electroacupuncture can significantly up-regulate SYN, GAP43, and PSD95 protein levels and mRNA expression in amygdala and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The effect of TMRK electro-acupuncture method on the regression of fear memory of PTSD rats may be through its repair of synaptic plasticity in amygdala and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Kai Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
- Chinese Medicine College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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33
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Seitz J, Kubicki M, Jacobs EG, Cherkerzian S, Weiss BK, Papadimitriou G, Mouradian P, Buka S, Goldstein JM, Makris N. Impact of sex and reproductive status on memory circuitry structure and function in early midlife using structural covariance analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1221-1233. [PMID: 30548738 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on age-related memory alterations traditionally targets individuals aged ≥65 years. However, recent studies emphasize the importance of early aging processes. We therefore aimed to characterize variation in brain gray matter structure in early midlife as a function of sex and menopausal status. Subjects included 94 women (33 premenopausal, 29 perimenopausal, and 32 postmenopausal) and 99 demographically comparable men from the New England Family Study. Subjects were scanned with a high-resolution T1 sequence on a 3 T whole body scanner. Sex and reproductive-dependent structural differences were evaluated using Box's M test and analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) for gray matter volumes. Brain regions of interest included dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior parietal lobule (iPAR), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus (HIPP), and parahippocampus. While we observed expected significant sex differences in volume of hippocampus with women of all groups having higher volumes than men relative to cerebrum size, we also found significant differences in the covariance matrices of perimenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women. Associations between ACC and HIPP/iPAR/DLPFC were higher in postmenopausal women and correlated with better memory performance. Findings in this study underscore the importance of sex and reproductive status in early midlife for understanding memory function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Emily G Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Blair K Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Palig Mouradian
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Buka
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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34
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Quevedo K, Harms M, Sauder M, Scott H, Mohamed S, Thomas KM, Schallmo MP, Smyda G. The neurobiology of self face recognition among depressed adolescents. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:22-31. [PMID: 29304386 PMCID: PMC5898821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is linked to alterations in both emotion and self-processing. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess neural activation in healthy and depressed youth to a novel task that combined emotion processing with self-face recognition. METHODS An fMRI study involving 81 adolescents (50.6% females; Mage=14.61, SD=1.65) comprised of depressed (DEP, n=43), and healthy controls (HC, n=38). Participants completed a clinical interview and self-report measures during an initial assessment. In the scanner, adolescents completed a face recognition task, viewing emotional (happy, sad, neutral) images of their own face (self) or the face of another youth (other). RESULTS DEP youth showed higher activity in the cuneus (F=26.29) and post and precentral gyri (F=20.76), across all conditions compared to HC. Sad faces elicited higher posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus (F=10.36) and inferior parietal cortex activity (F=11.0), and self faces elicited higher precuneus, fusiform (F=16.39), insula and putamen (F=16.82) activity in all youth. DEP showed higher middle temporal activity to neutral faces but lower activity to sad faces compared to HC, who showed the opposite pattern (F=12.86). DEP also showed hypoactive mid-temporal limbic activity relative to controls when identifying their self happy face vs. neutral face, yet showed hyperactivity when identifying the other happy face vs. neutral face, and HC showed the opposite pattern (F=10.94). CONCLUSIONS The neurophysiology of self-face recognition is altered in adolescent depression. Specifically, depression was associated with decreased activity in neural areas that support emotional and associative processing for positive self-faces and increased processing for neutral self-faces. These results suggest that depression in adolescents is associated with hypoactive emotional processing and encoding of positive self-related visual information. This abnormal neural activity at the intersection of reward and self-processing among depressed youth might have long lasting impact in self-formation and future adult self-representations, given that adolescence is a sensitive period for self-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Quevedo
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, MN, USA.
| | - Madeline Harms
- University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | - Hannah Scott
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, MN, USA.
| | - Sumaya Mohamed
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | - Garry Smyda
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Sarbu M, Vukelić Ž, Clemmer DE, Zamfir AD. Ion mobility mass spectrometry provides novel insights into the expression and structure of gangliosides in the normal adult human hippocampus. Analyst 2018; 143:5234-5246. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General work-flow for ganglioside analysis by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Timisoara
- Romania
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Zagreb Medical School
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | - Alina D. Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Timisoara
- Romania
- “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad
- Arad
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36
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Ganglberger F, Kaczanowska J, Penninger JM, Hess A, Bühler K, Haubensak W. Predicting functional neuroanatomical maps from fusing brain networks with genetic information. Neuroimage 2017; 170:113-120. [PMID: 28877513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroanatomical maps provide a mesoscale reference framework for studies from molecular to systems neuroscience and psychiatry. The underlying structure-function relationships are typically derived from functional manipulations or imaging approaches. Although highly informative, these are experimentally costly. The increasing amount of publicly available brain and genetic data offers a rich source that could be mined to address this problem computationally. Here, we developed an algorithm that fuses gene expression and connectivity data with functional genetic meta data and exploits cumulative effects to derive neuroanatomical maps related to multi-genic functions. We validated the approach by using public available mouse and human data. The generated neuroanatomical maps recapture known functional anatomical annotations from literature and functional MRI data. When applied to multi-genic meta data from mouse quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies and human neuropsychiatric databases, this method predicted known functional maps underlying behavioral or psychiatric traits. Taken together, genetically weighted connectivity analysis (GWCA) allows for high throughput functional exploration of brain anatomy in silico. It maps functional genetic associations onto brain circuitry for refining functional neuroanatomy, or identifying trait-associated brain circuitry, from genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kaczanowska
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- VRVis Research Center, Donau-City Strasse 11, 1220, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Chang DJ, Debiec J. Neural correlates of the mother-to-infant social transmission of fear. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:526-34. [PMID: 27091313 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although clinical and basic studies show that parental trauma, fear, and anxiety may be transmitted to offspring, the neurobiology of this transmission is still not well understood. We recently demonstrated in an animal model that infant rats acquire threat responses to a distinct cue when a mother expresses fear to this cue in their presence. This ability to acquire maternal fear through social learning is present at birth and, as we previously reported, depends on the pup's amygdala. However, the remaining neural mechanisms underlying social fear learning (SFL) in infancy remain elusive. Here, by using [(14) C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography, we show that the mother-to-infant transmission of fear in preweaning rats is associated with a significant increase of activity in the subregions of the lateral septum, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, retrosplenial cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, mediodorsal and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, medial and the lateral preoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the lateral periaqueductal gray. In contrast to studies of adult SFL demonstrating the role of the anterior cingulate cortex and possibly the insular cortex or research of infant classical fear conditioning showing the role of the posterior piriform cortex, no changes of activation in these areas were observed. Our results indicate that the pup's exposure to maternal fear activates a number of areas involved in processing threat, stress, or pain. This pattern of activation suggests a unique set of neural mechanisms underlying SFL in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Chang
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacek Debiec
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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38
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Mitra S, Mucha M, Khatri SN, Glenon R, Schulte MK, Bult-Ito A. Attenuation of Compulsive-Like Behavior Through Positive Allosteric Modulation of α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Non-Induced Compulsive-Like Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 10:244. [PMID: 28105008 PMCID: PMC5214813 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic α4β2 receptors are the most abundant subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in brain regions implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). These receptors are known to modify normal and addictive behaviors by modulating neuronal excitability. Desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) is a novel, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of high acetylcholine sensitivity (HS) and low acetylcholine sensitivity (LS) α4β2 nAChRs. The present study tested the hypothesis that positive allosteric modulation of α4β2 receptors by dFBr will attenuate compulsive-like behavior in a non-induced compulsive-like mouse model. Male mice (Mus musculus) selected for compulsive-like nesting behavior (NB; 48 animals; 12 per group) received acute (once) and chronic (every day for 32 days) subcutaneous injection of dFBr at 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg doses. Saline was used as a control (0 mg/kg). Compulsive-like NB was assessed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 h, while compulsive-like marble burying (MB) and anxiety-like open field (OF) behaviors were performed 2 h after dFBr administration. In the acute administration protocol, dFBr dose dependently attenuated NB and MB. Rapid effects (1–2 h after drug administration) of dFBr on MB and NB were observed for the chronic administration which was in congruence with the acute study. Chronic administration also revealed sustained suppression of NB by dFBr following 5 weeks of treatment. In both the acute and chronic regimen dFBr did not modulate OF behaviors. This research demonstrates the novel role of positive allosteric modulation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors by dFBr as a translational potential for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA; IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE), University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Mckenzie Mucha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Shailesh N Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Glenon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marvin K Schulte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abel Bult-Ito
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Rǎdulescu A, Marra R. A mathematical model of reward and executive circuitry in obsessive compulsive disorder. J Theor Biol 2016; 414:165-175. [PMID: 27915073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal circuit that controls obsessive and compulsive behaviors involves a complex network of brain regions (some with known involvement in reward processing). Among these are cortical regions, the striatum and the thalamus (which compose the CSTC pathway), limbic areas such as the amygdala and the hippocampus, as well as dopamine pathways. Abnormal dynamic behavior in this brain network is a hallmark feature of patients with increased anxiety and motor activity, like the ones affected by OCD. There is currently no clear understanding of precisely what mechanisms generate these behaviors. We attempt to investigate a collection of connectivity hypotheses of OCD by means of a computational model of the brain circuitry that governs reward and motion execution. Mathematically, we use methods from ordinary differential equations and continuous time dynamical systems. We use classical analytical methods as well as computational approaches to study phenomena in the phase plane (e.g., behavior of the system's solutions when given certain initial conditions) and in the parameter space (e.g., sensitive dependence of initial conditions). We find that different obsessive-compulsive subtypes may correspond to different abnormalities in the network connectivity profiles. We suggest that it is a combination of parameters (connectivity strengths between regions), rather than the value of any one parameter taken independently, that provide the best basis for predicting behavior, and for understanding the heterogeneity of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Rǎdulescu
- Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, USA.
| | - Rachel Marra
- Department of Astronomy, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA
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40
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Tottenham N, Galván A. Stress and the adolescent brain: Amygdala-prefrontal cortex circuitry and ventral striatum as developmental targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:217-227. [PMID: 27473936 PMCID: PMC5074883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time in development when significant changes occur in affective neurobiology. These changes provide a prolonged period of plasticity to prepare the individual for independence. However, they also render the system highly vulnerable to the effects of environmental stress exposures. Here, we review the human literature on the associations between stress-exposure and developmental changes in amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and ventral striatal dopaminergic systems during the adolescent period. Despite the vast differences in types of adverse exposures presented in his review, these neurobiological systems appear consistently vulnerable to stress experienced during development, providing putative mechanisms to explain why affective processes that emerge during adolescence are particularly sensitive to environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nim Tottenham
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue MC 5501, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Adriana Galván
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall BOX 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, United States.
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41
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Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Spear LP. Reward-centricity and attenuated aversions: An adolescent phenotype emerging from studies in laboratory animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:121-134. [PMID: 27524639 PMCID: PMC5612441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period, with neural circuits and behaviors contributing to the detection, procurement, and receipt of rewards bearing similarity across species. Studies with laboratory animals suggest that adolescence is typified by a "reward-centric" phenotype-an increased sensitivity to rewards relative to adults. In contrast, adolescent rodents are reportedly less sensitive to the aversive properties of many drugs and naturally aversive stimuli. Alterations within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine and endocannabinoid systems likely contribute to an adolescent reward-sensitive, yet aversion-resistant, phenotype. Although early hypotheses postulated that developmental changes in dopaminergic circuitry would result in a "reward deficiency" syndrome, evidence now suggests the opposite: that adolescents are uniquely poised to seek out hedonic stimuli, experience greater "pleasure" from rewards, and consume rewarding stimuli in excess. Future studies that more clearly define the role of specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems in the expression of behaviors toward reward- and aversive-related cues and stimuli are necessary to more fully understand an adolescent-proclivity for and vulnerability to rewards and drugs of potential abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Doremus-Fitzwater
- Developmental Alcohol Exposure Research Center, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Linda P Spear
- Developmental Alcohol Exposure Research Center, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA
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42
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Functional organization of human subgenual cortical areas: Relationship between architectonical segregation and connectional heterogeneity. Neuroimage 2015; 115:177-90. [PMID: 25937490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is involved in affective experiences and fear processing. Functional neuroimaging studies view it as a homogeneous cortical entity. However, sACC comprises several distinct cyto- and receptorarchitectonical areas: 25, s24, s32, and the ventral portion of area 33. Thus, we hypothesized that the areas may also be connectionally and functionally distinct. We performed structural post mortem and functional in vivo analyses. We computed probabilistic maps of each area based on cytoarchitectonical analysis of ten post mortem brains. Maps, publicly available via the JuBrain atlas and the Anatomy Toolbox, were used to define seed regions of task-dependent functional connectivity profiles and quantitative functional decoding. sACC areas presented distinct co-activation patterns within widespread networks encompassing cortical and subcortical regions. They shared common functional domains related to emotion, perception and cognition. A more specific analysis of these domains revealed an association of s24 with sadness, and of s32 with fear processing. Both areas were activated during taste evaluation, and co-activated with the amygdala, a key node of the affective network. s32 co-activated with areas of the executive control network, and was associated with tasks probing cognition in which stimuli did not have an emotional component. Area 33 was activated by painful stimuli, and co-activated with areas of the sensorimotor network. These results support the concept of a connectional and functional specificity of the cyto- and receptorarchitectonically defined areas within the sACC, which can no longer be seen as a structurally and functionally homogeneous brain region.
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Simons LE, Moulton EA, Linnman C, Carpino E, Becerra L, Borsook D. The human amygdala and pain: evidence from neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2014. [PMID: 23097300 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v35.210.1002/hbm.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala, a small deep brain structure involved in behavioral processing through interactions with other brain regions, has garnered increased attention in recent years in relation to pain processing. As pain is a multidimensional experience that encompasses physical sensation, affect, and cognition, the amygdala is well suited to play a part in this process. Multiple neuroimaging studies of pain in humans have reported activation in the amygdala. Here, we summarize these studies by performing a coordinate-based meta-analysis within experimentally induced and clinical pain studies using an activation likelihood estimate analysis. The results are presented in relation to locations of peak activation within and outside of amygdala subregions. The majority of studies identified coordinates consistent with human amygdala cytoarchitecture indicating reproducibility in neuroanatomical labeling across labs, analysis methods, and imaging modalities. Differences were noted between healthy and clinical pain studies: in clinical pain studies, peak activation was located in the laterobasal region, suggestive of the cognitive-affective overlay present among individuals suffering from chronic pain; while the less understood superficial region of the amygdala was prominent among experimental pain studies. Taken together, these findings suggest several important directions for further research exploring the amygdala's role in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Simons
- P.A.I.N. Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Faria R, Sartori C, Canova F, Ferrari E. Classical aversive conditioning induces increased expression of mature-BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala of pigeons. Neuroscience 2013; 255:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Li Z, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang M, Wan Y. Basolateral amygdala lesion inhibits the development of pain chronicity in neuropathic pain rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70921. [PMID: 23940666 PMCID: PMC3733720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronicity of pain is one of the most interesting questions in chronic pain study. Clinical and experimental data suggest that supraspinal areas responsible for negative emotions such as depression and anxiety contribute to the chronicity of pain. The amygdala is suspected to be a potential structure for the pain chronicity due to its critical role in processing negative emotions and pain information. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether amygdala or its subregions, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central medial amygdala (CeA), contributes to the pain chronicity in the spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain model of rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS (1) Before the establishment of the SNI-induced neuropathic pain model of rats, lesion of the amygdaloid complex with stereotaxic injection of ibotenic acid (IBO) alleviated mechanical allodynia significantly at days 7 and 14, even no mechanical allodynia at day 28 after SNI; Lesion of the BLA, but not the CeA had similar effects; (2) however, 7 days after SNI when the neuropathic pain model was established, lesion of the amygdala complex or the BLA or the CeA, mechanical allodynia was not affected. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BLA activities in the early stage after nerve injury might be crucial to the development of pain chronicity, and amygdala-related negative emotions and pain-related memories could promote pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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46
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Asan E, Steinke M, Lesch KP. Serotonergic innervation of the amygdala: targets, receptors, and implications for stress and anxiety. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139:785-813. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Tanaka M, Shih PY, Gomi H, Yoshida T, Nakai J, Ando R, Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K, Semyanov A, Itohara S. Astrocytic Ca2+ signals are required for the functional integrity of tripartite synapses. Mol Brain 2013; 6:6. [PMID: 23356992 PMCID: PMC3563617 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal activity alters calcium ion (Ca2+) dynamics in astrocytes, but the physiologic relevance of these changes is controversial. To examine this issue further, we generated an inducible transgenic mouse model in which the expression of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate absorbent, “IP3 sponge”, attenuates astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. Results Attenuated Ca2+ activity correlated with reduced astrocytic coverage of asymmetric synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region in these animals. The decreased astrocytic ‘protection’ of the synapses facilitated glutamate ‘spillover’, which was reflected by prolonged glutamate transporter currents in stratum radiatum astrocytes and enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in response to burst stimulation. These mice also exhibited behavioral impairments in spatial reference memory and remote contextual fear memory, in which hippocampal circuits are involved. Conclusions Our findings suggest that IP3-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling correlates with the formation of functional tripartite synapses in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Tanaka
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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48
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Anand KS, Dhikav V. Hippocampus in health and disease: An overview. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013; 15:239-46. [PMID: 23349586 PMCID: PMC3548359 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. It is a plastic and vulnerable structure that gets damaged by a variety of stimuli. Studies have shown that it also gets affected in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In last decade or so, lot has been learnt about conditions that affect hippocampus and produce changes ranging from molecules to morphology. Progresses in radiological delineation, electrophysiology, and histochemical characterization have made it possible to study this archicerebral structure in greater detail. Present paper attempts to give an overview of hippocampus, both in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Singh Anand
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, PGIMER- Guru Gobind Singh Indraprasth University, New Delhi, India
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49
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Simons LE, Moulton EA, Linnman C, Carpino E, Becerra L, Borsook D. The human amygdala and pain: evidence from neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 35:527-38. [PMID: 23097300 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala, a small deep brain structure involved in behavioral processing through interactions with other brain regions, has garnered increased attention in recent years in relation to pain processing. As pain is a multidimensional experience that encompasses physical sensation, affect, and cognition, the amygdala is well suited to play a part in this process. Multiple neuroimaging studies of pain in humans have reported activation in the amygdala. Here, we summarize these studies by performing a coordinate-based meta-analysis within experimentally induced and clinical pain studies using an activation likelihood estimate analysis. The results are presented in relation to locations of peak activation within and outside of amygdala subregions. The majority of studies identified coordinates consistent with human amygdala cytoarchitecture indicating reproducibility in neuroanatomical labeling across labs, analysis methods, and imaging modalities. Differences were noted between healthy and clinical pain studies: in clinical pain studies, peak activation was located in the laterobasal region, suggestive of the cognitive-affective overlay present among individuals suffering from chronic pain; while the less understood superficial region of the amygdala was prominent among experimental pain studies. Taken together, these findings suggest several important directions for further research exploring the amygdala's role in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Simons
- P.A.I.N. Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li XY, Chen T, Descalzi G, Koga K, Qiu S, Zhuo M. Characterization of neuronal intrinsic properties and synaptic transmission in layer I of anterior cingulate cortex from adult mice. Mol Pain 2012; 8:53. [PMID: 22818293 PMCID: PMC3495677 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurons in neocortex layer I (LI) provide inhibition to the cortical networks. Despite increasing use of mice for the study of brain functions, few studies were reported about mouse LI neurons. In the present study, we characterized intrinsic properties of LI neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key cortical area for sensory and cognitive functions, by using whole-cell patch clamp recording approach. Seventy one neurons in LI and 12 pyramidal neurons in LII/III were recorded. Although all of the LI neurons expressed continuous adapting firing characteristics, the unsupervised clustering results revealed five groups in the ACC, including: Spontaneous firing neurons; Delay-sAHP neurons, Delay-fAHP neurons, and two groups of neurons with ADP, named ADP1 and ADP2, respectively. Using pharmacological approaches, we found that LI neurons received both excitatory (mediated by AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors), and inhibitory inputs (which were mediated by GABAA receptors). Our studies provide the first report characterizing the electrophysiological properties of neurons in LI of the ACC from adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yao Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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