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Qin Y, Han S, Yu Y, Qi D, Ran M, Yang M, Liu Y, Li Y, Lu L, Liu Y, Li Y. Lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Resistance mechanisms and strategies for improved efficacy. Liver Int 2024; 44:1808-1831. [PMID: 38700443 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent and destructive causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, approximately 70% of patients with HCC exhibit advanced disease at diagnosis, limiting the potential for radical treatment. For such patients, lenvatinib, a long-awaited alternative to sorafenib for first-line targeted therapy, has become a key treatment. Unfortunately, despite some progress, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor because of drug resistance development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lenvatinib resistance and ways to relief drug resistance in HCC are largely unknown and lack of systematic summary; thus, this review not only aims to explore factors contributing to lenvatinib resistance in HCC, but more importantly, summary potential methods to conquer or mitigate the resistance. The results suggest that abnormal activation of pathways, drug transport, epigenetics, tumour microenvironment, cancer stem cells, regulated cell death, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other mechanisms are involved in the development of lenvatinib resistance in HCC and subsequent HCC progression. To improve the therapeutic outcomes of lenvatinib, inhibiting acquired resistance, combined therapies, and nano-delivery carriers may be possible approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shisong Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengnan Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Ayten M, Díaz-Lezama N, Ghanawi H, Haffelder FC, Kajtna J, Straub T, Borso M, Imhof A, Hauck SM, Koch SF. Metabolic plasticity in a Pde6b STOP/STOP retinitis pigmentosa mouse model following rescue. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101994. [PMID: 39032643 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary retinal disease characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration, leading to vision loss. The best hope for a cure for RP lies in gene therapy. However, given that RP patients are most often diagnosed in the midst of ongoing photoreceptor degeneration, it is unknown how the retinal proteome changes as RP disease progresses, and which changes can be prevented, halted, or reversed by gene therapy. METHODS Here, we used a Pde6b-deficient RP gene therapy mouse model and performed untargeted proteomic analysis to identify changes in protein expression during degeneration and after treatment. RESULTS We demonstrated that Pde6b gene restoration led to a novel form of homeostatic plasticity in rod phototransduction which functionally compensates for the decreased number of rods. By profiling protein levels of metabolic genes and measuring metabolites, we observed an upregulation of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation in mutant and treated photoreceptors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the metabolic demands of the retina differ in our Pde6b-deficient RP mouse model and are not rescued by gene therapy treatment. These findings provide novel insights into features of both RP disease progression and long-term rescue with gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ayten
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanaa Ghanawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felia C Haffelder
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kajtna
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Borso
- Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Lee H, Park W, An G, Park J, Lim W, Song G. Hexaconazole induces developmental toxicities via apoptosis, inflammation, and alterations of Akt and MAPK signaling cascades. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109872. [PMID: 38423198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hexaconazole is a highly effective triazole fungicide that is frequently applied in various countries to elevate crop productivity. Given its long half-life and high water solubility, this fungicide is frequently detected in the environment, including water sources. Moreover, hexaconazole exerts hazardous effects on nontarget organisms. However, little is known about the toxic effects of hexaconazole on animal development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of hexaconazole to zebrafish, a valuable animal model for toxicological studies, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that hexaconazole affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization. Hexaconazole-treated zebrafish showed phenotypic defects, such as reduced size of head and eyes and enlarged pericardiac edema. Moreover, hexaconazole induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and inflammation in developing zebrafish. Various organ defects, including neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity, were observed in transgenic zebrafish models olig2:dsRed, fli1:eGFP, and l-fabp:dsRed. Furthermore, hexaconazole treatment altered the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which possibly triggered the organ defects and other toxic mechanisms. This study demonstrated the developmental toxicity of hexaconazole to zebrafish and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Abo-El Fetoh ME, Afify H, Ramadan LAA, Mohamed WR. Probenecid ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: Implications of PGE-2 on ADAM-17/EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23450. [PMID: 37352135 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent clinical disorders in the elderly. Probenecid (Prob) is a well-known FDA-approved therapy for gout owing to its uricosuric effect. The present study evaluated the use of Prob for BPH as a COX-2 inhibitor. Prob (100 and 200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into male Wistar rats daily for 3 weeks. In the second week, testosterone (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to induce BPH. Compared with BPH-induced rats, Prob treatment reduced prostate weight and index and improved histopathological architecture. The protease activity of ADAM-17/TACE and its ligands (TGF-α and TNF-α) were regulated by prob, which in turn abolished EGFR phosphorylation, and several inflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB (p65), and IL-6) were suppressed. By reducing the nuclear import of extracellular regulated kinase protein 1/2 (ERK1/2), Prob helped re-establish the usual equilibrium between antiapoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 and proapoptotic proteins like Bax. All of these data point to Prob as a promising treatment for BPH because of its ability to inhibit COX-2-syntheiszed PGE2 and control the ADAM-17/TGF-α-induced EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. These findings might help to repurpose Prob for the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Chen W, Deng YY, Yu JW, Leung YT, Bai JX, Chen YJ, Wu Y, Wang L, Fan XY, Wang XQ, Hu J, Chen WH, Dou X, Leung KSY, Fu XQ, Yu ZL. A tri-herb formulation protects against ethanol-induced mouse liver injury and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154802. [PMID: 37054486 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tri-herb formulation comprising Ganoderma (the dried fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum), Puerariae Thomsonii Radix (the dried root of Pueraria thomsonii) and Hoveniae Semen (the dried mature seed of Hovenia acerba) -GPH for short- has been using for treating liver injury; however, the pharmacological basis of this application of GPH is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the liver protective effects and mechanisms of action of an ethanolic extract of GPH (GPHE) in mice. METHODS To control the quality of GPHE, the contents of ganodermanontriol, puerarin and kaempferol in the extract were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. An ethanol (6 ml/kg, i.g.)-induced liver injury ICR mouse model was employed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of GPHE. RNA-sequencing analysis and bioassays were performed to reveal the mechanisms of action of GPHE. RESULTS The contents of ganodermanontriol, puerarin and kaempferol in GPHE were 0.0632%, 3.627% and 0.0149%, respectively. Daily i.g. administration of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g/kg of GPHE for 15 consecutive days suppressed ethanol (6 ml/kg, i.g., at day 15)-induced upregulation of serum AST and ALT levels and improved histological conditions in mouse livers, indicating that GPHE protects mice from ethanol-induced liver injury. Mechanistically, GPHE downregulated the mRNA level of Dusp1 (encoding MKP1 protein, an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK, p38 and ERK), and upregulated expression and phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK, which are involved in cell survival in mouse liver tissues. Also, GPHE increased PCNA (a cell proliferation marker) expression and reduced TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) cells in mouse livers. CONCLUSION GPHE protects against ethanol-induced liver injury, and this effect of GPHE is associated with regulation of the MKP1/MAPK pathway. This study provides pharmacological justifications for the use of GPH in treating liver injury, and suggests that GPHE has potential to be developed into a modern medication for managing liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Yi Deng
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Wen Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk-Tung Leung
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Fan
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Park J, An G, Park H, Hong T, Lim W, Song G. Developmental defects induced by thiabendazole are mediated via apoptosis, oxidative stress and alteration in PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107973. [PMID: 37196567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiabendazole, a benzimidazole fungicide, is widely used to prevent yield loss in agricultural land by inhibiting plant diseases derived from fungi. As thiabendazole has a stable benzimidazole ring structure, it remains in the environment for an extended period, and its toxic effects on non-target organisms have been reported, indicating the possibility that it could threaten public health. However, little research has been conducted to elucidate the comprehensive mechanisms of its developmental toxicity. Therefore, we used zebrafish, a representative toxicological model that can predict toxicity in aquatic organisms and mammals, to demonstrate the developmental toxicity of thiabendazole. Various morphological malformations were observed, including decreased body length, eye size, and increased heart and yolk sac edema. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammatory response were also triggered by thiabendazole exposure in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways important for appropriate organogenesis were significantly changed by thiabendazole. These results led to toxicity in various organs and a reduction in the expression of related genes, including cardiovascular toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatic and pancreatic toxicity, which were detected in flk1:eGFP, olig2:dsRED, and L-fabp:dsRed;elastase:GFP transgenic zebrafish models, respectively. Overall, this study partly determined the developmental toxicity of thiabendazole in zebrafish and provided evidence of the environmental hazards of this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Electroacupuncture-Regulated miR-34a-3p/PDCD6 Axis Promotes Post-Spinal Cord Injury Recovery in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Settings. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9329494. [PMID: 36132985 PMCID: PMC9484976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9329494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) could enhance neuroregeneration and posttraumatic conditions; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous. PDCD6 (programmed cell death 6) is an established proapoptotic regulator which is responsible for motoneuronal death. However, its potential regulatory role in post-spinal cord injury (SCI) regeneration has remained largely unknown. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the involvement of PDCD6 post-SCI recovery and the underlying mechanisms. In our study, based on bioinformatics prediction, we found that miR-34a-3p might be an upstream regulator miRNA for PDCD6, which was subsequently validated through combined utilization of the qRT-PCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter system. Our in vitro results showed that miR-34a-3p might promote the in vitro differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) through suppressing PDCD6 and regulating other important neural markers such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), MAP1/2 (MAP kinase kinases 1/2), myelin basic protein (MBP), βIII-tubulin Class III β-tubulin (βIII tubulin), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Notably, in the post-SCI rat model, exogenous miR-34a-3p agomir obviously inhibited the expression of PDCD6 at the protein level and promoted neuronal proliferation, motoneurons regeneration, and axonal myelination. The restorations at cellular level might contribute to the improved hindlimbs functions of post-SCI rats, which was manifested by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor test. The impact of miR-34a-3p was further promoted by EA treatment in vivo. Conclusively, this paper argues that a miR-34a-3p/PDCD6 axis might be a candidate therapeutic target for treating SCI and that the therapeutic effect of EA is driven through this pathway.
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Atif M, Mustaan MA, Falak S, Ghaffar A, Munir B. Targeting the effect of sofosbuvir on selective oncogenes expression level of hepatocellular carcinoma Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in Huh7 cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103332. [PMID: 35813116 PMCID: PMC9256646 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct acting antiviral agents are emerging line of treatment to eradicate Hepatitis C virus. Recent controversy over whether direct acting antiviral agents increase rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV patients or prevent it, has increased the need to elaborate underlying mechanisms on molecular basis. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of sofosbuvir on the expression of selected oncogenes from the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in Huh7 cell line. Results found concrete molecular evidence that sofosbuvir has significantly altered the expression of selected genes when huh7 cell line was treated with sofosbuvir. Nine genes related to HCC were found to be affected by sofosbuvir in a mixed effect manner. The relative expression of growth factors (VEGF, PDGFRB and HGF) was increased in sofosbuvir treated cell lines. The kinase family genes H-RAS, B-RAF, MET except MAPK1 were downregulated. Similarly, DUSP1 was upregulated and SPRY2 was slightly downregulated; both were negative feedback inhibitors of ERK signalling cascade. Sofosbuvir upregulated the growth factors and MAPK1 which suggests it to be a carcinogen. The downregulation of kinases and upregulation of DUSP1 make it an anticancer drug. Hence, the results from this study are important to prove that sofosbuvir neither reduce nor induce hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Falak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Bushra Munir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
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Koral K, Bhushan B, Orr A, Stoops J, Bowen WC, Copeland MA, Locker J, Mars WM, Michalopoulos GK. Lymphocyte-Specific Protein-1 Suppresses Xenobiotic-Induced Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Subsequent Yes-Associated Protein-Activated Hepatocyte Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:887-903. [PMID: 35390317 PMCID: PMC9194659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) transcription factor by xenobiotics promotes hepatocellular proliferation, promotes hypertrophy without liver injury, and induces drug metabolism genes. Previous work demonstrated that lymphocyte-specific protein-1 (LSP1), an F-actin binding protein and gene involved in human hepatocellular carcinoma, suppresses hepatocellular proliferation after partial hepatectomy. The current study investigated the role of LSP1 in liver enlargement induced by chemical mitogens, a regenerative process independent of tissue loss. 1,4-Bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), a direct CAR ligand and strong chemical mitogen, was administered to global Lsp1 knockout and hepatocyte-specific Lsp1 transgenic (TG) mice and measured cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and expression of CAR-dependent drug metabolism genes. TG livers displayed a significant decrease in Ki-67 labeling and liver/body weight ratios compared with wild type on day 2. Surprisingly, this was reversed by day 5, due to hepatocyte hypertrophy. There was no difference in CAR-regulated drug metabolism genes between wild type and TG. TG livers displayed increased Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation, decreased nuclear YAP, and direct interaction between LSP1 and YAP, suggesting LSP1 suppresses TCPOBOP-driven hepatocellular proliferation, but not hepatocyte volume, through YAP. Conversely, loss of LSP1 led to increased hepatocellular proliferation on days 2, 5, and 7. LSP1 selectively suppresses CAR-induced hepatocellular proliferation, but not drug metabolism, through the interaction of LSP1 with YAP, supporting the role of LSP1 as a selective growth suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Koral
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C Bowen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew A Copeland
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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He X, Hikiba Y, Suzuki Y, Nakamori Y, Kanemaru Y, Sugimori M, Sato T, Nozaki A, Chuma M, Maeda S. EGFR inhibition reverses resistance to lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8007. [PMID: 35568782 PMCID: PMC9107466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lenvatinib is approved as a first-line treatment for unresectable HCC. The therapeutic duration of lenvatinib is limited by resistance, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. To establish lenvatinib-resistant cells, Hep3B cells were initially treated with 3 µM lenvatinib. The concentration was gradually increased by 1 µM or 0.5 µM per week and it reached to 7.5 µM 2 months after the initial exposure to lenvatinib. The biological characteristics of these cells were analyzed by ERK activation in the MAPK signaling pathway and a human phospho‐receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) antibody array. Factors possibly related to lenvatinib resistance were analyzed using inhibitors, and cell proliferation was analyzed. We established lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells (LR cells) by long-term exposure to lenvatinib. Lenvatinib reduced ERK activation in the parent cells, but not in the LR cells. RTK array analysis showed that the activities of EGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (INSR) were significantly increased in LR cells, whereas the activities of other RTKs were unchanged. Erlotinib, a widely used EGFR inhibitor, downregulated ERK activation in LR cells. The proliferation of LR cells will also be affected when lenvatinib is combined with erlotinib to treat LR cells. In contrast, inhibition of IGFR/INSR did not affect ERK activation or cell proliferation. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ameliorated the enhanced EGFR activation in LR cells. Lenvatinib resistance was induced by enhanced EGFR activation, possibly via ROS accumulation, in lenvatinib- resistant cells. These findings may enable the development of lenvatinib combination therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yohko Hikiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yushi Kanemaru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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11
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Cellular Prion Protein Is Essential for Myocardial Regeneration but Not the Recovery of Left Ventricular Function from Apical Ballooning. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010167. [PMID: 35052846 PMCID: PMC8773636 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that cellular prion protein (PrPC) played an essential role in myocardial regeneration and recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from apical takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) induced by transaortic constriction (TAC). In vitro study was categorized into G1 (H9C2), G2 (H9C2-overexpression-PrPC), G3 (H9C2-overexpression-PrPC + Stelazine/1 uM), and G4 (H9C2 + siRNA-PrPC), respectively. The results showed that the protein expressions of PrPC, cell-stress signaling (p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-m-TOR) and signal transduction pathway for cell proliferation/division (RAS/c-RAF/p-MEK/p-ERK1/2) were lowest in G1, highest in G2, significantly higher in G3 than in G4 (all p < 0.001). Adult-male B6 mice (n = 30) were equally categorized in group 1 (sham-control), group 2 (TAC) for 14 days, then relieved the knot and administered BrdU (50 ug/kg/intravenously/q.6.h for two times from day-14 after TAC) and group 3 (TAC + Stelazine/20 mg/kg/day since day 7 after TAC up to day 21 + BrdU administered as group 2), and animals were euthanized at day 28. The results showed that by day 28, the LVEF was significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 2/3 and significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2, whereas the LV chamber size exhibited an opposite pattern of LVEF (all p < 0.0001). The protein expressions of PrPC/p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-m-TOR/cyclin D/cyclin E and cellular-proliferation biomarkers (Ki67/PCNA/BrdU) exhibited an opposite pattern of LVEF (all p < 0.0001) among the three groups, whereas the protein expressions of RAS/c-RAF/p-MEK/p-ERK1/2 were significantly and progressively increased from groups 1 to 3 (all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, PrPC participated in regulating the intrinsic response of cell-stress signaling and myocardial regeneration but did not offer significant benefit on recovery of the heart function in the setting of TCM.
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12
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Aydinlik S, Uvez A, Kiyan HT, Gurel-Gurevin E, Yilmaz VT, Ulukaya E, Armutak EI. Palladium (II) complex and thalidomide intercept angiogenic signaling via targeting FAK/Src and Erk/Akt/PLCγ dependent autophagy pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104229. [PMID: 34339726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed the effects of the thalidomide and palladium (II) saccharinate complex of terpyridine on the suppression of angiogenesis-mediated cell proliferation. The viability was assessed after treatment with palladium (II) complex (1.56-100 μM) and thalidomide (0.1-400 μM) alone by using ATP assay for 48 h. Palladium (II) complex was found to inhibit growth statistically significant in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs and promoted PARP-1 cleavage through the production of ROS. On the other hand, thalidomide did not cause any significant change in cell viability. Moreover, cell death was observed to be manifested as late apoptosis due to Annexin V/SYTOX staining after palladium (II) complex treatment however, thalidomide did not demonstrate similar results. Thalidomide and palladium (II) complex also suppressed HUVEC migration and capillary-like structure tube formation in vitro in a time-dependent manner. Palladium (II) complex (5 mg/ml) treatment showed a strong antiangiogenic effect similar to positive control thalidomide (5 mg/ml) and successfully disrupted the vasculature and reduced the thickness of the vessels compared to control (agar). Furthermore, suppression of autophagy enhanced the cell death and anti-angiogenic effect of thalidomide and palladium (II) complex. We also showed that being treated with thalidomide and palladium (II) complex inhibited phosphorylation of the signaling regulators downstream of the VEGFR2. These results provide evidence for the regulation of endothelial cell functions that are relevant to angiogenesis through the suppression of the FAK/Src/Akt/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results also indicate that PLC-γ1 phosphorylation leads to activation of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 which cause stimulation on cell proliferation at lower doses. Hence, we demonstrated that palladium (II) and thalidomide can induce cell death via the Erk/Akt/PLCγ signaling pathway and that this pathway might be a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Aydinlik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayca Uvez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Buyukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Tuba Kiyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel-Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Turan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Buyukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Zhao Z, Zhang D, Wu F, Tu J, Song J, Xu M, Ji J. Sophoridine suppresses lenvatinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma growth by inhibiting RAS/MEK/ERK axis via decreasing VEGFR2 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:549-560. [PMID: 33210432 PMCID: PMC7810959 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancer types with insufficient approved therapies, among which lenvatinib is a newly approved multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for frontline advanced HCC treatment. However, resistance to lenvatinib has been reported in HCC treatment recently, which limits the clinical benefits of lenvatinib. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of lenvatinib resistance and explore the potential drug to improve the treatment for lenvatinib‐resistant (LR) HCC. Here, we developed two human LR HCC cell lines by culturing with long‐term exposure to lenvatinib. Results showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)2 expression and its downstream RAS/MEK/ERK signalling were obviously up‐regulated in LR HCC cells, whereas the expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR3, FGFR1‐4 and PDGFRα/β showed no difference. Furthermore, ETS‐1 was identified to be responsible for VEGFR2 mediated lenvatinib resistance. The cell models were further used to explore the potential strategies for restoration of sensitivity of lenvatinib. Sophoridine, an alkaloid extraction, inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and increased apoptosis of LR HCC cells. In vivo and in vitro results showed Sophoridine could further sensitize the therapeutic of lenvatinib against LR HCC. Mechanism studies revealed that Sophoridine decreased ETS‐1 expression to down‐regulate VEGFR2 expression along with downstream RAS/MEK/ERK axis in LR HCC cells. Hence, our study revealed that up‐regulated VEGFR2 expression could be a predicator of the resistance of lenvatinib treatment against HCC and provided a potential candidate to restore the sensitivity of lenvatinib for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Dengke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Fazong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China.,Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University /Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/ The Central Hospital of Zhejiang Lishui, Lishui, China
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14
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Ohashi A, Saito N, Kashimoto R, Furukawa S, Yamamoto S, Satoh A. Axolotl liver regeneration is accomplished via compensatory congestion mechanisms regulated by ERK signaling after partial hepatectomy. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:838-851. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ohashi
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
- Okayama University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Okayama Japan
| | - Nanami Saito
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
- Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama Japan
| | - Rena Kashimoto
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
- Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama Japan
| | - Saya Furukawa
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
- Okayama University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Okayama Japan
| | - Sakiya Yamamoto
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
- Okayama University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Okayama Japan
| | - Akira Satoh
- Okayama University Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS) Okayama Japan
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15
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Yu H, Rimbert A, Palmer AE, Toyohara T, Xia Y, Xia F, Ferreira LMR, Chen Z, Chen T, Loaiza N, Horwitz NB, Kacergis MC, Zhao L, Soukas AA, Kuivenhoven JA, Kathiresan S, Cowan CA. GPR146 Deficiency Protects against Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis. Cell 2020; 179:1276-1288.e14. [PMID: 31778654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although human genetic studies have implicated many susceptible genes associated with plasma lipid levels, their physiological and molecular functions are not fully characterized. Here we demonstrate that orphan G protein-coupled receptor 146 (GPR146) promotes activity of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, thereby regulating hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and subsequently circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) levels. Remarkably, GPR146 deficiency reduces plasma cholesterol levels substantially in both wild-type and LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice. Finally, aortic atherosclerotic lesions are reduced by 90% and 70%, respectively, in male and female LDLR-deficient mice upon GPR146 depletion. Taken together, these findings outline a regulatory role for the GPR146/ERK axis in systemic cholesterol metabolism and suggest that GPR146 inhibition could be an effective strategy to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, 44007, France
| | - Alice E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takafumi Toyohara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yulei Xia
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Leonardo M R Ferreira
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zhifen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Natalia Loaiza
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael C Kacergis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Alexander A Soukas
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative of the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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16
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Xu F, Hua C, Tautenhahn HM, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. The Role of Autophagy for the Regeneration of the Aging Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103606. [PMID: 32443776 PMCID: PMC7279469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the key risk factors to develop malignant diseases leading to a high incidence of hepatic tumors in the elderly population. The only curative treatment for hepatic tumors is surgical removal, which initiates liver regeneration. However, liver regeneration is impaired with aging, leading to an increased surgical risk for the elderly patient. Due to the increased risk, those patients are potentially excluded from curative surgery. Aging impairs autophagy via lipofuscin accumulation and inhibition of autophagosome formation. Autophagy is a recycling mechanism for eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis. Its principal function is to degrade endogenous bio-macromolecules for recycling cellular substances. A number of recent studies have shown that the reduced regenerative capacity of the aged remnant liver can be restored by promoting autophagy. Autophagy can be activated via multiple mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways. However, inducing autophagy through the mTOR-dependent pathway alone severely impairs liver regeneration. In contrast, recent observations suggest that inducing autophagy via mTOR-independent pathways might be promising in promoting liver regeneration. Conclusion: Activation of autophagy via an mTOR-independent autophagy inducer is a potential therapy for promoting liver regeneration, especially in the elderly patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (F.X.); (C.H.); (H.-M.T.)
| | - Chuanfeng Hua
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (F.X.); (C.H.); (H.-M.T.)
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (F.X.); (C.H.); (H.-M.T.)
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (F.X.); (C.H.); (H.-M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-03641-9325350
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17
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Huang PS, Lin YH, Chi HC, Tseng YH, Chen CY, Lin TK, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Dysregulated FAM215A Stimulates LAMP2 Expression to Confer Drug-Resistant and Malignant in Human Liver Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040961. [PMID: 32295144 PMCID: PMC7227021 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive human malignancies worldwide. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs regulate complex cellular functions, such as cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and metastasis. Although deregulation of lncRNA expression has been detected in HCC, many of the hepato-carcinogenesis-associated lncRNAs remain yet unidentified. Here, we aimed to investigate the involvement of a specific HCC-dysregulated lncRNA, FAM215A, and characterize its molecular regulation mechanism. We show for the first time that FAM215A is overexpressed in HCC, and its expression level correlates with tumor size, vascular invasion, and pathology stage. Overexpression of FAM215A accelerates cell proliferation and metastasis in HCC cells. According to Gene Expression Omnibus Dataset analysis, FAM215A is induced in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant HCC cells. Overexpression of FAM215A increases DOX resistance in two HCC cell lines, and this is associated with enhanced expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). FAM215A interacts with LAMP2 to protect it from ubiquitination. Together, our results show that the lncRNA, FAM215A, is highly expressed in HCC, where it interacts with and stabilizes LAMP2 to increase tumor progression while decreasing doxorubicin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/genetics
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (H.-C.C.)
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (H.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Kang Lin
- Neurosurgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (H.-C.C.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, (C.-T.Y.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); Tel./Fax: +886-3-2118263 (K.-H.L.)
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18
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Singh AN, Sharma N. Quantitative SWATH-Based Proteomic Profiling for Identification of Mechanism-Driven Diagnostic Biomarkers Conferring in the Progression of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:493. [PMID: 32322560 PMCID: PMC7156536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, demand exists for the identification of potential biomarkers for patient stratification according to prognostic risks and the mechanisms involved in cancer development and progression to avoid over/under treatment of patients and prevent relapse. Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry profiling and gene enrichment analysis of TGF-β induced-EMT in human Prostate androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) adenocarcinoma cell lines was performed to investigate proteomics involved in Prostate carcinogenesis and their effect onto the survival of PCa patients. Amongst 1,795 proteins, which were analyzed, 474 proteins were significantly deregulated. These proteins contributed to apoptosis, gluconeogenesis, transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing, cell cycle, and MAPK cascade and hence indicating the crucial roles of these proteins in PCa initiation and progression. We have identified a panel of six proteins viz., GOT1, HNRNPA2B1, MAPK1, PAK2, UBE2N, and YWHAB, which contribute to cancer development, and the transition of PCa from androgen dependent to independent stages. The prognostic values of identified proteins were evaluated using UALCAN, GEPIA, and HPA datasets. The results demonstrate the utility of SWATH-LC-MS/MS for understanding the proteomics involved in EMT transition of PCa and identification of clinically relevant proteomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika N Singh
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University (ADYPU), Pune, India
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Perspectives for Future Use of Extracellular Vesicles from Umbilical Cord- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Regenerative Therapies-Synthetic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030799. [PMID: 31991836 PMCID: PMC7036930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells (MSCs) represent progenitor cells of various origin with multiple differentiation potential, representing the most studied population of stem cells in both in vivo pre-clinical and clinical studies. MSCs may be found in many tissue sources including extensively studied adipose tissue (ADSCs) and umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (UC-MSCs). Most of sanative effects of MSCs are due to their paracrine activity, which includes also release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small, round cellular derivatives carrying lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids including various classes of RNAs. Due to several advantages of EVs when compare to their parental cells, MSC-derived EVs are currently drawing attention of several laboratories as potential new tools in tissue repair. This review focuses on pro-regenerative properties of EVs derived from ADSCs and UC-MSCs. We provide a synthetic summary of research conducted in vitro and in vivo by employing animal models and within initial clinical trials focusing on neurological, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, and skin diseases. The summarized studies provide encouraging evidence about MSC-EVs pro-regenerative capacity in various models of diseases, mediated by several mechanisms. Although, direct molecular mechanisms of MSC-EV action are still under investigation, the current growing data strongly indicates their potential future usefulness for tissue repair.
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Cyclosporin A activates human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) proliferation: implication of EGFR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:897-908. [PMID: 31907582 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common causes of cancer mortality worldwide is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of HCC. Here, we demonstrate that the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA) has the ability to increase the cellular growth in HCC (HepG2 cells) via activation of ERK1/2 signaling cascade. It was found that ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by CsA was highly reduced in the presence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD). Furthermore, it was observed that inhibition of metalloproteinase activity using TAPI-2 prevents ERK1/2 activation by CsA. Moreover, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM-17) activity was found to be critical for ERK phosphorylation by CsA. In addition, CsA-induced ERK phosphorylation was highly reduced in the presence of either neutralizing anti-heparin-binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) antibody or UO126 (MEK inhibitor). By using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478, it was found that EGFR is critical for ERK phosphorylation induced by CsA. Furthermore, CsA-induced cell proliferation was strongly reduced in the presence of either PEG-SOD or TAPI-2 or neutralizing anti-ADAM17 antibody or neutralizing anti-HB-EGF antibody or AG1478 or UO126. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CsA has the ability to activate ERK1/2 signaling cascade that could be translated into an increase in HepG2 cell proliferation. Furthermore, these data support the role of ROS, ADAM-17, and EGFR in ERK1/2 signaling activation and subsequent cell proliferation induced by CsA in HepG2 cells.
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21
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Human relaxin-2 attenuates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1203-1216. [PMID: 30918325 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human relaxin-2 reduces hepatic fibrosis in mice. However, the effects of relaxin-2 on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in animals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be elucidated. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human relaxin-2 (25 or 75 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. In HFD-fed mice, relaxin-2 decreased systemic insulin resistance and reduced body weight, epididymal fat mass and serum leptin and insulin concentrations. In livers of HFD-fed mice, relaxin-2 attenuated steatosis and increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and activated genes that regulate fatty acid oxidation and suppressed acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Relaxin-2 had no direct anti-steatotic effect on primary mouse hepatocytes, but S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine attenuated palmitic acid-induced steatosis and activated genes regulating fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. In mice fed an MCD diet, relaxin-2 attenuated steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Relaxin-2 increased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation and transcript levels of cytochrome P450-4a10 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase in MCD-fed mouse livers. Moreover, expression levels of Kupffer cell activation, hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatocyte apoptosis were decreased in MCD diet-fed mice receiving relaxin-2. In conclusion, relaxin-2 reduces hepatic steatosis by activating intrahepatic eNOS in HFD-fed mice and further attenuates liver fibrosis in MCD diet-fed mice. Therefore, human relaxin-2 is a potential therapeutic treatment for NAFLD.
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22
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Viiri LE, Rantapero T, Kiamehr M, Alexanova A, Oittinen M, Viiri K, Niskanen H, Nykter M, Kaikkonen MU, Aalto-Setälä K. Extensive reprogramming of the nascent transcriptome during iPSC to hepatocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3562. [PMID: 30837492 PMCID: PMC6401154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a renewable source of cells for drug discovery, disease modelling and cell-based therapies. Here, by using GRO-Seq we provide the first genome-wide analysis of the nascent RNAs in iPSCs, HLCs and primary hepatocytes to extend our understanding of the transcriptional changes occurring during hepatic differentiation process. We demonstrate that a large fraction of hepatocyte-specific genes are regulated at transcriptional level and identify hundreds of differentially expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Differentiation induced alternative transcription start site (TSS) usage between the cell types as evidenced for miR-221/222 and miR-3613/15a/16-1 clusters. We demonstrate that lncRNAs and coding genes are tightly co-expressed and could thus be co-regulated. Finally, we identified sets of transcriptional regulators that might drive transcriptional changes during hepatocyte differentiation. These included RARG, E2F1, SP1 and FOXH1, which were associated with the down-regulated transcripts, and hepatocyte-specific TFs such as FOXA1, FOXA2, HNF1B, HNF4A and CEBPA, as well as RXR, PPAR, AP-1, JUNB, JUND and BATF, which were associated with up-regulated transcripts. In summary, this study clarifies the role of regulatory ncRNAs and TFs in differentiation of HLCs from iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena E Viiri
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland.
| | - Tommi Rantapero
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Mostafa Kiamehr
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Anna Alexanova
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Mikko Oittinen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Keijo Viiri
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33520, Finland
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Yang K, Tang H, Ding M, Guo Y, Kai K, Xiao J, Shen Y, Miao S, Zhou R. Expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in patients with bladder cancer and their relationship to prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:843-850. [PMID: 31933892 PMCID: PMC6945159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. It was found that the expression of miR-195 in bladder cancer was abnormally decreased, suggesting that miR-195 may affect the development of bladder cancer. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-195 and MEK1 in bladder cancer tissues and analyzed the relationship between miR-195 and MEK1 in cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of MEK1 in bladder cancer tissues was detected by western blot, and the expression levels of miR-195 and MEK1 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Log Rank test was used to compare the survival and prognosis of patients with low and high expression of miR-195 and MEK1 by using the median expression of miR-195 and MEK1. Bioinformatics analysis and double luciferase reporter gene test were used to verify the relationship between miR-195 and MEK1. Bladder cancer BIU-87 and 5637 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into two groups: miR-NC group and miR-195 mimic group. The expression of MEK1 and p-MEK1 protein was detected by western blot, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining. RESULTS Compared with normal bladder tissue, expression of miR-195 in bladder cancer tissue was significantly decreased, while the expression of MEK1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased. The prognosis of patients with low expression of miR-195 was worse than those with high expression of miR-195. The prognosis of patients with low expression of MEK1 was better than those with high expression of MEK1. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a target complementary binding site between miR-195 and MEK1. Double luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed that there was a target regulatory relationship between miR-195 and MEK1. miR-195 mimic transfection could significantly down-regulate the expression of MEK1 and p-MEK1 proteins in BIU-87 and 5637 cells, weaken cell proliferation, and increase cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-195 can inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting MEK1, which provides further evidence for developing therapy against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Mantang Ding
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Guo
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Kai
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Miao
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
| | - Renyuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch) Shanghai, China
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Shao J, Wang C, Li L, Liang H, Dai J, Ling X, Tang H. Luteoloside Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis Involving MAPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061664. [PMID: 29874795 PMCID: PMC6032149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy with high incidence and mortality. Drugs commonly used in chemotherapy are often accompanied by strong side-effects. To find an anti-cervical cancer drug with high effects and low toxicity, luteoloside was used to treat the cervical cancer cell line Hela to investigate its effects on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and related proteins. The study demonstrated that luteoloside could inhibit proliferation remarkably; promote apoptosis and cytochrome C release; decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species level; upregulate the expression of Fas, Bax, p53, phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, and cleaved PARP; downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and phospho-mTOR; activate caspase-3 and caspase-8; change the nuclear morphology, and fragmentate DNA in Hela cells. These results strongly suggest that luteoloside can significantly inhibit the proliferation and trigger apoptosis in Hela cells. In contrast, luteoloside had less proliferation inhibiting effects on the normal cell lines HUVEC12 and LO2, and minor apoptosis promoting effects on HUVEC12 cells. Furthermore, the luteoloside-induced apoptosis in Hela cells is mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and the effects of luteoloside may be regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases and mTOR signaling pathways via p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Shao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Chaoxi Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Linqiu Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Juanxiu Dai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Ling
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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25
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Mechanosensing in liver regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:153-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Yan Y, Jiang W, Tan Y, Zou S, Zhang H, Mao F, Gong A, Qian H, Xu W. hucMSC Exosome-Derived GPX1 Is Required for the Recovery of Hepatic Oxidant Injury. Mol Ther 2017; 25:465-479. [PMID: 28089078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small biological membrane vesicles secreted by various cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We previously reported that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Ex) can elicit hepatoprotective effects against toxicant-induced injury. However, the success of MSC-Ex-based therapy for treatment of liver diseases and the underlying mechanisms have not been well characterized. We used human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosome (hucMSC-Ex) administrated by tail vein or oral gavage at different doses and, in engrafted liver mouse models, noted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and rescue from liver failure. A single systemic administration of hucMSC-Ex (16 mg/kg) effectively rescued the recipient mice from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver failure. Moreover, hucMSC-Ex-derived glutathione peroxidase1 (GPX1), which detoxifies CCl4 and H2O2, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Knockdown of GPX1 in hucMSCs abrogated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic abilities of hucMSC-Ex and diminished the hepatoprotective effects of hucMSC-Ex in vitro and in vivo. Thus, hucMSC-Ex promote the recovery of hepatic oxidant injury through the delivery of GPX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Yan
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Tan
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Zou
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mao
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Liver Disease and Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang X, Jiang X, Feng Y, Xu R, Wang Q, Deng H. Proteomic Analysis of eIF5B Silencing-Modulated Proteostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168387. [PMID: 27959964 PMCID: PMC5154608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein translational machinery is an important component of the proteostasis network that maintains cellular proteostasis and regulates aging and other cellular processes. Ample evidence indicates that inhibition of translation initiation factor activities enhances stress resistance in model organisms. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) acts by joining the pre-40S subunit with the 60S ribosomal unit to form an 80S-like complex during protein translational initiation. Reduced eIF5B expression may disrupt proteostasis and trigger cellular processes associated with stress responses. In this study, the physiological effects of altered eIF5B expression were examined in 293T and HepG2 cells. Cells with eIF5B-knockdown (eIF5B-KN) grew more slowly than control cells, and had a lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy. Proteomic analysis showed that eIF5B knockdown resulted in upregulation of 88 proteins and downregulation of 130 proteins compared with control cells. The differentially expressed proteins were associated with diverse cellular processes including amino acid metabolism, RNA processing and protein metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Autonomous downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was identified as confirmed by western blotting and qPCR. We proposed that deactivation of MAPK pathway modulated proteostasis and induced prolonged S-phase of the cell-cycle, contributing to the slow growth of eIF5B-KN cells. eIF5B silencing also inactivated the mTOR pathway, downregulated glutamine transporters, enhanced autophagy, and decreased 28S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA expression levels which were reversed by restoration of eIF5B expression. Taken together, these results suggest that eIF5B silencing provides a negative feedback to deactivate MAPK signaling, leading to reduced cell growth. These findings provide a useful resource to further biological exploration of the functions of protein synthesis in regulation of proteostasis and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renhua Xu
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Felipe-Silva A, Wakamatsu A, dos Santos Cirqueira C, Alves VAF. Immunohistochemistry panel segregates molecular types of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazilian autopsy cases. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6246-6256. [PMID: 27468214 PMCID: PMC4945983 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the distribution of proteins coded by genes reported as relevant for the molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the following clinicopathological data were analyzed in 80 autopsied HCC patients: sex, age, ethnicity, alcohol intake, infection with hepatitis B and/or C virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, prior treatment, basic and immediate causes of death, liver weight, presence of cirrhosis, number and size of nodules, gross pattern, histological grade and variants, architectural pattern, invasion of large veins, and presence and location of extrahepatic metastases. The protein products of genes known to be involved in molecular pathogenesis of HCC, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MET, keratin 19 (K19), vimentin, beta-catenin, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signaling-related kinase (ERK)1, ERK2, Ki67, cyclin D1, caspase 3 and p53, were detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The expression levels were scored and statistically assessed for correlation with HCC parameters.
RESULTS: Infection with hepatitis C virus was identified in 49% of the 80 autopsy patients, cirrhosis in 90%, advanced tumors in 95%, and extrahepatic metastases in 38%. Expression of K19, p53 and ERK1 correlated to high-grade lesions. Expression of ERK1, nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and ERK2 correlated to higher rates of cell proliferation as determined by Ki67. Expression of MET, EGFR (> 0) and caspase 3 correlated with lower histological grades. Expression of EGFR correlated to that of caspase 3, and overexpression of EGFR (≥ 200/300) was observed in low-grade tumors more frequently (grades 1 and 2: 67% vs grade 3: 27% and grade 4: 30%). Expression of ERK1 was associated with that of K19 and vimentin, whereas expression of ERK2 was associated with that of cyclin D1, MET and membrane beta-catenin. Expression of vimentin was strongly correlated with that of K19.
CONCLUSION: Expression of K19, p53, ERK1, ERK2, vimentin and nuclear beta-catenin was related to higher-grade markers, as opposed to expression/overexpression of EGFR, MET and caspase 3.
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Vedagiri D, Lashkari HV, Mangani AS, Kumar JM, Jose J, Thatipalli AR, Harshan KH. An Atypical System for Studying Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26282. [PMID: 27197891 PMCID: PMC4873837 DOI: 10.1038/srep26282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases are frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to drive metastasis. There are not many well-established model systems to study EMT in HCC. Here we identified an atypical EMT while characterizing a population of mesenchymal cells in Huh7.5 hepatoma cell cultures. Cells with distinct morphology appeared during geneticin treatment of Huh7.5 cultures. Molecular characterization of geneticin resistant Huh7.5M cells confirmed EMT. Huh7.5M cells expressed cancer stem cell markers. p38MAPK and ERK1/2 were substantially activated in Huh7.5M cells. Their Inhibition elevated E-Cadherin expression with concerted suppression of Vimentin and anchorage independent growth in Huh7.5M cells. TGFβ could not induce EMT in Huh7.5 cultures, but enriched mesenchymal populations, similar to geneticin. Huh7.5M cells formed more aggressive solid tumors, primarily comprising cells with epithelial morphology, in nude mice. Canonical EMT-TFs did not participate in this atypical EMT, indicating that the established canonical EMT-TFs do not drive every EMT and there is a dire need to identify additional factors. The system that we characterized is a unique model to study EMT, MET and biphasic TGFβ signaling in HCC and offers considerable potential to facilitate more insightful studies on deeper questions in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiviya Vedagiri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | | | | | | | - Jedy Jose
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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Delire B, Stärkel P. The Ras/MAPK pathway and hepatocarcinoma: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:609-23. [PMID: 25832714 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major health problem, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is to date the sole approved systemic therapy. Several signalling pathways are implicated in tumour development and progression. Among these pathways, the Ras/MAPK pathway is activated in 50-100% of human HCCs and is correlated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to review the main intracellular mechanisms leading to aberrant Ras pathway activation in HCC and the potential therapeutic implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on the material found on PubMed up to December 2014. 'Ras signaling, Ras dysregulation, Ras inhibition, MAPK pathway, cancer, hepatocarcinoma and liver cancer' alone or in combination were the main terms used for online research. RESULTS Multiple mechanisms lead to the deregulation of the Ras pathway in liver cancer. Ras and Raf gene mutations are rare events in human hepatocarcinogenesis in contrast to experimental models in rodents. Downregulation of several Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors such as GAPs, RASSF proteins, DUSP1, Sprouty and Spred proteins is largely implicated in the aberrant activation of this pathway in the context of wild-type Ras and Raf genes. Epigenetic or post-transcriptional mechanisms lead to the downregulation of these tumour suppressor genes. CONCLUSION Ras/MAPK pathway effectors may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in the field of HCC. In particular after the arrival of sorafenib, more Ras/MAPK inhibitors have emerged and are still in preclinical or clinical investigation for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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The Link Between Vitamin D and Hepatitis B. TOP CLIN NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang F, Li J, Zhu J, Wang D, Chen S, Bai X. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:105-14. [PMID: 25720342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a flavonoid derived and isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses anti-tumor activity. However, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. The proliferation and metastasis of HCC are dependent on angiogenesis, which also strongly links with several signal transduction pathways associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the effect of HSYA on vasculogenesis and to determine its molecular mechanism by investigating the expression of ERK/MAPK (p-c-Raf, c-Raf, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2) and NF-κB (p65, IκB and p-IκB) signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that HSYA could considerably suppress tumor growth by inhibiting secretion of angiogenesis factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, basic fibroblast growth factor) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor1. At the moleculcould block ERK1/2 phosphorylation and then restrain the activation of NF-κB and its nuclear translocation by down-regulating the expression of p65 in the nucleus, up-regulating p65 level in the cytoplasm, inhibiting IκB phosphorylation and cytoplasmic degradation of IκB-α. Finally, we demonstrate that HSYA could suppress mRNA expression levels of cell proliferation-related genes (cyclinD1, c-myc, c-Fos) compared with negative control group. And best of all, HSYA could improve spleen/thymus indexes, which was evaluated as the marker of protective effect on the immune system. Our findings support HSYA as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingmin Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Wang Ge Zhuang Central Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Shaoshui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Bai
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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Hebel T, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Rein-Fischboeck L, Pohl R, Meier EM, Boettcher A, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Lipid abnormalities in alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice are independent from ABCA1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:527-36. [PMID: 25625330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The syntrophins alpha (SNTA) and beta 2 (SNTB2) are molecular adaptor proteins shown to stabilize ABCA1, an essential regulator of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, SNTB2 is involved in glucose stimulated insulin release. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome, a serious public health problem with rising prevalence. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the syntrophins herein. Mice deficient for both syntrophins (SNTA/B2-/-) have normal insulin and glucose tolerance, hepatic ABCA1 protein and cholesterol. When challenged with a HFD, wild type and SNTA/B2-/- mice have similar weight gain, adiposity, serum and liver triglycerides. Hepatic ABCA1, serum insulin and insulin sensitivity are normal while glucose tolerance is impaired. Liver cholesterol is reduced, and expression of SREBP2 and HMG-CoA-R is increased in the knockout mice. Scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) protein is strongly diminished in the liver of SNTA/B2-/- mice while SR-BI binding protein NHERF1 is not changed and PDZK1 is even induced. Knock-down of SNTA, SNTB2 or both has no effect on hepatocyte SR-BI and PDZK1 proteins. Further, SR-BI levels are not reduced in brown adipose tissue of SNTA/B2-/- mice excluding that syntrophins directly stabilize SR-BI. SR-BI stability is regulated by MAPK and phosphorylated ERK2 is induced in the liver of the knock-out mice. Blockage of ERK activity upregulates hepatocyte SR-BI showing that increased MAPK activity contributes to low SR-BI. Sphingomyelin which is well described to regulate cholesterol metabolism is reduced in the liver and serum of the knock-out mice while the size of serum lipoproteins is not affected. Current data exclude a major function of these syntrophins in ABCA1 activity and insulin release but suggest a role in regulating glucose uptake, ERK and SR-BI levels, and sphingomyelin metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hebel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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Pajaud J, Ribault C, Ben Mosbah I, Rauch C, Henderson C, Bellaud P, Aninat C, Loyer P, Morel F, Corlu A. Glutathione transferases P1/P2 regulate the timing of signaling pathway activations and cell cycle progression during mouse liver regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1598. [PMID: 25590808 PMCID: PMC4669760 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GST) are phase II enzymes catalyzing the detoxification of endogenous noxious compounds and xenobiotics. They also regulate phosphorylation activities of MAPKinases in a catalytic-independent manner. Previous studies have demonstrated the regulation of JNK-dependent pathway by GSTP1/2. Considering the crucial role of JNK in the early steps of the hepatocyte cell cycle, we sought to determine whether GSTP1/2 were essential for hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy (PH). Using a conventional double knockout mouse model for the Gstp1 and Gstp2 genes, we found that the lack of GSTP1/P2 reduced the rate of DNA replication and mitotic index during the first wave of hepatocyte proliferation. The lowered proliferation was associated with the decrease in TNFalpha and IL-6 plasma concentrations, reduced hepatic HGF expression and delayed and/or altered activation of STAT3, JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In addition, the expression and/or activation of cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin D1, CDK4, E2F1 and MCM7 was postponed demonstrating that the absence of GSTP1/2 delayed the entry into and progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle and impaired the synchrony of proliferation in hepatocytes following PH. Furthermore, while JNK and its downstream targets c-Jun and ATF2 were activated during the early steps of the liver regeneration in wild-type animals, the constitutively active JNK found in the quiescent liver of Gstp1/2 knockout mice underwent a decrease in its activity after PH. Transient induction of antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide synthase were also delayed or repressed during the regenerative response. Altogether our results demonstrate that GSTP1/2 are a critical regulators of hepatocyte proliferation in the initial phases of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajaud
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - C Ribault
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - I Ben Mosbah
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - C Rauch
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - C Henderson
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - P Bellaud
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- Plateforme Histopathologie H2P2, Biosit, Biogenouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - C Aninat
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - P Loyer
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - F Morel
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - A Corlu
- Inserm, UMR 991, Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
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Hohenester S, Vennegeerts T, Wagner M, Wimmer R, Drolle H, Rieger C, Denk GU, Rust C, Fiegl M. Physiological hypoxia prevents bile salt-induced apoptosis in human and rat hepatocytes. Liver Int 2014; 34:1224-31. [PMID: 24164780 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hydrophobic bile salts such as glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) accumulate in cholestatic liver disease and induce hepatocellular apoptosis, promoting profibrotic signalling. The tissue microenvironment is an integral player in cellular pathophysiology, but it is not routinely incorporated into laboratory studies. Tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO₂) may be an underestimated component of the microenvironment: in the liver, a pO₂ of 30-45 mmHg (approximately 6% O₂) is physiological, because of predominant portal blood supply. It was the aim of this project to investigate the impact of physiological hypoxia (i.e. 6% O₂) on hepatocellular function, namely, bile salt-induced apoptosis. METHODS Human hepatoma cells (HepG2-Ntcp) and primary rat hepatocytes were cultured at standard laboratory (hyperoxic) conditions (21% O₂) and at physiological hypoxia (6% O₂) in parallel for 1-8 days to study hepatocellular apoptosis and activation of signalling pathways. Standard laboratory analyses were applied for bile salt uptake, caspase-3/-7 activity, western blotting and gene-array analysis. RESULTS Culturing at physiological hypoxia protected both human and rat hepatocytes against GCDC-induced apoptosis: caspase-3/-7 activation was diminished by 3.1 ± 0.5-fold in human HepG2-Ntcp and completely abolished in primary rat hepatocytes. Bile salt uptake was unaffected. Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α indicated adaption to physiological hypoxia. The MEK/ERK cascade was activated and anti-apoptotic mediators were induced: N-Myc down-regulated gene, gelsolin and carbonic anhydrase IX were upregulated 12.4-, 6.5- and 5.2-fold respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude from these data that (i) physiological hypoxia protects hepatocytes from bile salt-induced apoptosis, (ii) tissue pO₂ is a crucial, underestimated component of the microenvironment and should (iii) be considered when studying hepatocellular physiology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wen Z, Shu Y, Gao C, Wang X, Qi G, Zhang P, Li M, Shi J, Tian B. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and autophagy of RKIP regulate neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2870-2880. [PMID: 25104559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a major negative mediator of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The downregulation of RKIP is correlated with many cancers, but the mechanisms that underlie this downregulation and its roles in the nervous system remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RKIP is a substrate of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in neurons and that the phosphorylation of RKIP at T42 causes the release of Raf-1. Moreover, T42 phosphorylation promotes the exposure and recognition of the target motif "KLYEQ" in the C-terminus of RKIP by chaperone Hsc70 and the subsequent degradation of RKIP via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Furthermore, in the brain sample of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride-induced and transgenic PD models, we demonstrate that CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and autophagy of RKIP are involved in the overactivation of the ERK/MAPK cascade, leading to S-phase reentry and neuronal loss. These findings provide evidence for the role of the CDK5/RKIP/ERK pathway in PD pathogenesis and suggest that this pathway may be a suitable therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Caiyun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangjian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Liu D, Zhao ZX, Chi DP, Mei QB, Yu HT, Yue LL, Wang Y, Chen P, Zheng LH, Wang XH, Wang YS. Handan Ganle inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in liver fibrosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2134-2139. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i15.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2 pathway in genistein and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cell cycle arrest in human hepatoma cells.
METHODS: The MTS method was used to assay cell proliferation. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Genistein and 5-FU, alone or in combination, inhibited proliferation of MHCC97-L cells. Genistein induced an S-phase arrest and slightly inhibited the expression of phospho-ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor could promote the inhibition of MHCC97-L cells by genistein, but had no significant effect on S-phase arrest. 5-FU alone or in combination with genistein arrested the cells in S phase and significantly activated ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor increased genistein and 5-FU-induced growth inhibition of MHCC97-L cells and S-phase arrest.
CONCLUSION: Genistein and 5-FU inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway can resist genistein-induced S phase arrest in liver cancer cells, but promote S phase arrest induced by 5-FU alone or in combination with genistein.
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Tu T, Budzinska MA, Maczurek AE, Cheng R, Di Bartolomeo A, Warner FJ, McCaughan GW, McLennan SV, Shackel NA. Novel aspects of the liver microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and development. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9422-58. [PMID: 24871369 PMCID: PMC4100103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer that is derived from hepatocytes and is characterised by high mortality rate and poor prognosis. While HCC is driven by cumulative changes in the hepatocyte genome, it is increasingly recognised that the liver microenvironment plays a pivotal role in HCC propensity, progression and treatment response. The microenvironmental stimuli that have been recognised as being involved in HCC pathogenesis are diverse and include intrahepatic cell subpopulations, such as immune and stellate cells, pathogens, such as hepatitis viruses, and non-cellular factors, such as abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue hypoxia. Recently, a number of novel environmental influences have been shown to have an equally dramatic, but previously unrecognized, role in HCC progression. Novel aspects, including diet, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microflora and circulating microvesicles, are now being recognized as increasingly important in HCC pathogenesis. This review will outline aspects of the HCC microenvironment, including the potential role of GIT microflora and microvesicles, in providing new insights into tumourigenesis and identifying potential novel targets in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | | | | | - Robert Cheng
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Anna Di Bartolomeo
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Fiona J Warner
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | | | - Susan V McLennan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Wang Y, Hao W, Xing R, Di J, Zeng S, Liu J, Xing F. Ionomycin inhibits Jurkat T cell behaviors in the presence of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:735-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Aasrum M, Ødegård J, Sandnes D, Christoffersen T. The involvement of the docking protein Gab1 in mitogenic signalling induced by EGF and HGF in rat hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3286-3294. [PMID: 24126105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family proteins are docking molecules that can interact with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cytokine receptors and bind several downstream signalling proteins. Studies in several cell types have shown that Gab1 may have a role in signalling mediated by the two RTKs epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but the involvement of Gab1 in EGFR and Met signalling has not been directly compared in the same cell. We have studied mechanisms of activation and role in mitogenic signalling of Gab1 in response to EGF and HGF in cultured rat hepatocytes. Gab1, but not Gab2, was expressed in the hepatocytes and was phosphorylated upon stimulation with EGF or HGF. Depletion of Gab1, using siRNA, decreased the ERK and Akt activation, cyclin D1 expression, and DNA synthesis in response to both EGF and HGF. Studies of mechanisms of recruitment to the receptors showed that HGF induced co-precipitation of Gab1 and Met while EGF induced binding of Gab1 to Grb2 but not to EGFR. Gab1 activation in response to both EGF and HGF was dependent on PI3K. While EGF activated Gab1 and Shc equally, within the same concentration range, HGF very potently and almost exclusively activated Gab1, having only a minimal effect on Shc. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that although Gab1 interacts differently with EGFR and Met, it is involved in mitogenic signalling mediated by both these growth factor receptors in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - John Ødegård
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagny Sandnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thoralf Christoffersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Kong X, Qian J, Chen LS, Wang YC, Wang JL, Chen H, Weng YR, Zhao SL, Hong J, Chen YX, Zou W, Xu J, Fang JY. Synbindin in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase spatial regulation and gastric cancer aggressiveness. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1738-49. [PMID: 24104608 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms that control the aggressiveness of gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly defined. Here we show that synbindin contributes to the aggressiveness of GC by activating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling on the Golgi apparatus. METHODS Expression of synbindin was examined in normal gastric mucosa (n = 44), intestinal metaplastic gastric mucosa (n = 66), and GC tissues (n=52), and the biological effects of synbindin on tumor growth and ERK signaling were detected in cultured cells, nude mice, and human tissue samples. The interaction between synbindin and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1)/ERK was determined by immunofluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays. The transactivation of synbindin by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was detected using luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS High expression of synbindin was associated with larger tumor size (120.8 vs 44.8 cm(3); P = .01), advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = .003), and shorter patient survival (hazard ratio = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 2.27; P = .046). Synbindin promotes cell proliferation and invasion by activating ERK2 on the Golgi apparatus, and synbindin is directly transactivated by NF-κB. Synbindin expression level was statistically significantly higher in human GCs with activated ERK2 than those with low ERK2 activity (intensity score of 11.5, 95% CI = 10.4 to 12.4 vs intensity score of 4.6, 95% CI 3.9 to 5.3; P < .001). Targeting synbindin in xenograft tumors decreased ERK2 phosphorylation and statistically significantly reduced tumor volume (451.2mm(3), 95% CI = 328.3 to 574.1 vs 726.1mm(3), 95% CI = 544.2 to 908.2; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Synbindin contributes to malignant phenotypes of GC by activating ERK on the Golgi, and synbindin is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kong
- Affiliations of authors: State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China (XK, JQ, L-SC, Y-CW, J-LW, HC, Y-RW, S-LZ, JH, Y-XC, JX, J-YF); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (XK, JQ, L-SC, Y-CW, J-LW, HC, Y-RW, S-LZ, JH, Y-XC, JX, J-YF); Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China (XK, JQ, L-SC, Y-CW, J-LW, HC, Y-RW, S-LZ, JH, Y-XC, JX, J-YF); Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (WZ)
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Zhang H, Guan Y, Lu YY, Hu YY, Huang S, Su SB. Circulating miR-583 and miR-663 Refer to ZHENG Differentiation in Chronic Hepatitis B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:751341. [PMID: 23554832 PMCID: PMC3608186 DOI: 10.1155/2013/751341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ZHENG as the key pathological principle is to understand the human homeostasis and guide TCM treatment. Here, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) were utilized to differentiate between ZHENGs including liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (LGDHS) and liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Sera samples of CHB patients with LGDHS (n = 35), LKYDS (n = 24), and healthy controls (Ctrls, n = 21) were analyzed by microarray and real-time RT-PCR. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were established to evaluate the levels of serum miRNA for discriminating LGDHS and LKYDS. The target genes of miRNAs were predicted by TargetScan. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways were analyzed using DAVID tool. The results showed that 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed between LGDHS and LKYDS (fold change >2.0 and P < 0.01). Circulating miR-583 and miR-663 were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in CHB patients with LGDHS than those with LKYDS and Ctrls. ROC curve analysis revealed that miR-583 and miR-663 were sensitive and specific enough to distinguish LGDHS from LKYDS. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 354 putative targets for miR-583 and 68 putative targets for miR-663 were mainly involved in Axon guidance, Neurotrophin, and MAPK signaling pathway. miR-583 and miR-663 may be potential markers for ZHENG differentiation in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Guan
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yu Lu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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