1
|
Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nogales F, Pajuelo E, Romero-Herrera I, Carreras O, Merchán F, Carrasco López JA, Ojeda ML. Uncovering the Role of Selenite and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in Adolescent Rat Adipose Tissue beyond Oxidative Balance: Transcriptomic Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:750. [PMID: 38929188 PMCID: PMC11200624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on adolescent rats, when body composition is changing deeply, reveal that the administration of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), at the same dose, have opposite effects on adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the mechanisms involved in these contrasting effects by means of transcriptomic analysis, three groups of male adolescent rats (n = 18) were used: control (C), selenite supplemented (S), and SeNPs supplemented (NS). Both treated groups received a twofold increase in Se dose compared to the control group through water intake for three weeks. Following treatment, WAT was removed and frozen at -80 °C until subsequent use for RNA extraction, endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities determination, and quantification of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. NS rats displayed a larger number of differentially expressed genes and cellular processes impacted than S rats. Remarkably, these changes involved upregulation of gene expression associated with the immune system, catabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative balance. NS rats presented an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity, alongside an accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. The expression level of 81 genes related to oxidative stress was significantly affected in NS rats. Analyzing the KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that NS rats exhibited increased activity in key catabolic pathways and decreased activity in crucial growth signaling processes. These changes contribute to the mass decrease in WAT found in NS rats. These results suggest a possible application of SeNPs in WAT reduction and induction of the immune response during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Nogales
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Inés Romero-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Francisco Merchán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - José A. Carrasco López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - María Luisa Ojeda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsurudome Y, Yoshida Y, Hamamura K, Ogino T, Yasukochi S, Yasuo S, Iwamoto A, Yoshihara T, Inazumi T, Tsuchiya S, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Higuchi S, Sugimoto Y, Tsuruta A, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N, Ohdo S. Prostaglandin F2α Affects the Cycle of Clock Gene Expression and Mouse Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1841. [PMID: 38339119 PMCID: PMC10855224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are bioactive compounds, and the activation of their receptors affects the expression of clock genes. However, the prostaglandin F receptor (Ptgfr) has no known relationship with biological rhythms. Here, we first measured the locomotor period lengths of Ptgfr-KO (B6.129-Ptgfrtm1Sna) mice and found that they were longer under constant dark conditions (DD) than those of wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice. We then investigated the clock gene patterns within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in Ptgfr-KO mice under DD and observed a decrease in the expression of the clock gene cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), which is related to the circadian cycle. Moreover, the expression of Cry1, Cry2, and Period2 (Per2) mRNA were significantly altered in the mouse liver in Ptgfr-KO mice under DD. In the wild-type mouse, the plasma prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels showed a circadian rhythm under a 12 h cycle of light-dark conditions. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that the addition of PTGFR agonists altered the amplitude of Per2::luc activity, and this alteration differed with the timing of the agonist addition. These results lead us to hypothesize that the plasma rhythm of PGF2α is important for driving clock genes, thus suggesting the involvement of PGF2α- and Ptgfr-targeting drugs in the biological clock cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tsurudome
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (S.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Takashi Ogino
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (S.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Sai Yasukochi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (S.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (S.Y.)
| | - Ayaka Iwamoto
- Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (S.Y.)
| | - Tatsuya Yoshihara
- SOUSEIKAI Fukuoka Mirai Hospital Clinical Research Center, 3-5-1 Kashiiteriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (T.I.); (S.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (T.I.); (S.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Biotechnology and Innovation, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1, Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (T.I.); (S.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (S.Y.); (S.K.)
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.H.)
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (S.Y.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carter WA, DeMoranville KJ, Trost L, Bryła A, Działo M, Sadowska ET, Bauchinger U, Pierce B, McWilliams SR. Dietary fatty acids and flight-training influence the expression of the eicosanoid hormone prostacyclin in songbirds. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 288:111561. [PMID: 38056555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diet shifts can alter tissue fatty acid composition in birds, which is subsequently related to metabolic patterns. Eicosanoids, short-lived fatty acid-derived hormones, have been proposed to mediate these relationships but neither baseline concentrations nor the responses to diet and exercise have been measured in songbirds. We quantified a stable derivative of the vasodilatory eicosanoid prostacyclin in the plasma of male European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, N = 25) fed semisynthetic diets with either high (PUFA) or low (MUFA) amounts of n6 fatty acid precursors to prostacyclin. Plasma samples were taken from each bird before, immediately after, and two days following a 15-day flight-training regimen that a subset of birds (N = 17) underwent. We found elevated prostacyclin levels in flight-trained birds fed the PUFA diet compared to those fed the MUFA diet and a positive relationship between prostacyclin and body condition, indexed by fat score. Prostacyclin concentrations also significantly decreased at the final time point. These results are consistent with the proposed influences of precursor availability (i.e., dietary fatty acids) and regulatory feedback associated with exercise (i.e., fuel supply and inflammation), and suggest that prostacyclin may be an important mediator of dietary influence on songbird physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wales A Carter
- Department of Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Trost
- Department for Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Amadeusz Bryła
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Działo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Pierce
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mukorako P, St-Pierre DH, Flamand N, Biertho L, Lebel S, Lemoine N, Plamondon J, Roy MC, Tchernof A, Varin TV, Marette A, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V, Richard D. Hypoabsorptive surgeries cause limb-dependent changes in the gut endocannabinoidome and microbiome in association with beneficial metabolic effects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01307-3. [PMID: 37142736 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the metabolic benefits of hypoabsorptive surgeries are associated with changes in the gut endocannabinoidome (eCBome) and microbiome. METHODS Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) were performed in diet-induced obese (DIO) male Wistar rats. Control groups fed a high-fat diet (HF) included sham-operated (SHAM HF) and SHAM HF-pair-weighed to BPD-DS (SHAM HF-PW). Body weight, fat mass gain, fecal energy loss, HOMA-IR, and gut-secreted hormone levels were measured. The levels of eCBome lipid mediators and prostaglandins were quantified in different intestinal segments by LC-MS/MS, while expression levels of genes encoding eCBome metabolic enzymes and receptors were determined by RT-qPCR. Metataxonomic (16S rRNA) analysis was performed on residual distal jejunum, proximal jejunum, and ileum contents. RESULTS BPD-DS and SADI-S reduced fat gain and HOMA-IR, while increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels in HF-fed rats. Both surgeries induced potent limb-dependent alterations in eCBome mediators and in gut microbial ecology. In response to BPD-DS and SADI-S, changes in gut microbiota were significantly correlated with those of eCBome mediators. Principal component analyses revealed connections between PYY, N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-linoleoylethanolamine (LEA), Clostridium, and Enterobacteriaceae_g_2 in the proximal and distal jejunum and in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS BPD-DS and SADI-S caused limb-dependent changes in the gut eCBome and microbiome. The present results indicate that these variables could significantly influence the beneficial metabolic outcome of hypoabsorptive bariatric surgeries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulette Mukorako
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéfane Lebel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Lemoine
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Plamondon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Roy
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Québec, QC, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Denis Richard
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raj RR, Lofquist S, Lee MJ. Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Pharm Res 2023; 40:467-480. [PMID: 36050546 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman Raj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Sydney Lofquist
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of PPAR-γ and RXR-α on mouse meibomian gland epithelial cells during inflammation induced by latanoprost. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109251. [PMID: 36150542 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of latanoprost on the secretion of cytokines and chemokines from meibomian gland epithelial cells, and to evaluate the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXR-α) during latanoprost-induced inflammation. Mouse meibomian gland epithelial cells were cultured in proliferation and differentiation medium, respectively. Cells were exposed to latanoprost, rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist), or LG100268 (RXR-α agonist), respectively. The expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, MCP-1, and CCL-5 were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA. The effect of latanoprost, rosiglitazone, LG100268, and inflammatory cytokines on the differentiation of meibocyte were evaluated by related gene expression and lipid staining. The expression of Keratin-1, 6, 17 protein was detected by western immunoblotting. The results showed that the above cytokines could be induced by latanoprost in meibomian gland epithelial cells. LG100268 and rosiglitazone could inhibit the production of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by latanoprost, respectively. Latanoprost suppressed the expression of differentiation-related mRNA through a positive feedback loop by enhancement of COX-2 expression via FP receptor-activated ERK signaling. The expression of Keratin-17 was upregulated by rosiglitazone and suppressed by LG100268. The application of IL-6 and TNF-α showed negative effects on lipid accumulation in meibomian gland epithelial cells. These results demonstrated that latanoprost could induce inflammation and suppress differentiation of mouse meibomian gland epithelial cells. The activation of PPAR-γ and RXR-α showed an anti-inflammatory effect, showing a potential role to antagonize the effect of latanoprost eyedrops on meibomian gland epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fujimori K. Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>2α</sub> as Regulators of Adipogenesis and Obesity. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:985-991. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Islam MA, Khairnar R, Fleishman J, Thompson K, Kumar S. Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase Protein- A Central Player in Metabolism. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2951-2963. [PMID: 35799081 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase was previously known as β-trace protein (BTP), a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that is heavily expressed in human cerebrospinal fluid. Nevertheless, it is also seen to be expressed in numerous other tissues including the kidney, liver, lung, heart, adipose, muscle, and pancreas. Functionally, L-PGDS behaves like a lipocalin type protein where it helps in binding and transportation of small lipophilic substances, such as steroids, retinoids, and other lipophilic ligands. Enzymatically, L-PGDS functions as a prostaglandin synthase where it helps in the production of PGD2 by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of prostaglandins. PGD2 regulates its physiological function through two individual receptors named DP1 and DP2. L-PGDS has been a central player in many diseases, its role in metabolism including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity has gathered a large attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about L-PGDS and it's signaling in adipose, hepatic, skeletal muscle, and pancreas tissues, which are core targets for metabolic studies. Modulation of L-PGDS signaling can be considered as a potential future therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance as well as fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asrarul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Rhema Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kamala Thompson
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Studies, Molloy College, Rockville Centre, NY, 11571, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Wu D, Spilca D, Le Q, Yang X, Alvarez K, Hines WC, Yang XO, Liu M. COX-2 Deficiency Promotes White Adipogenesis via PGE2-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism and Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:1819. [PMID: 35681514 PMCID: PMC9180646 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in regulating innate immunity and metabolism by producing prostaglandins (PGs) and other lipid mediators. However, the implication of adipose COX-2 in obesity remains largely unknown. Using adipocyte-specific COX-2 knockout (KO) mice, we showed that depleting COX-2 in adipocytes promoted white adipose tissue development accompanied with increased size and number of adipocytes and predisposed diet-induced adiposity, obesity, and insulin resistance. The increased size and number of adipocytes by COX-2 KO were reversed by the treatment of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but not PGI2 and PGD2 during adipocyte differentiation. PGE2 suppresses PPARγ expression through the PKA pathway at the early phase of adipogenesis, and treatment of PGE2 or PKA activator isoproterenol diminished the increased lipid droplets in size and number in COX-2 KO primary adipocytes. Administration of PGE2 attenuated increased fat mass and fat percentage in COX-2 deficient mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated the suppressing effect of adipocyte COX-2 on adipogenesis and reveals that COX-2 restrains adipose tissue expansion via the PGE2-mediated paracrine mechanism and prevents the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
| | - Dianna Spilca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Que Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Katelyn Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - William Curtis Hines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Yang X, Ding X, Wang L, Le H, Feldman LER, Men X, Yan C, Huang W, Feng Y, Liu F, Yang XO, Liu M. Adipocyte-derived PGE2 is required for intermittent fasting-induced Treg proliferation and improvement of insulin sensitivity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153755. [PMID: 35260536 PMCID: PMC8983131 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermittent fasting (IF) diet has profound benefits for diabetes prevention. However, the precise mechanisms underlying IF's beneficial effects remain poorly defined. Here, we show that the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that produces prostaglandins, are suppressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese humans. In addition, the expression of COX-2 in WAT is markedly upregulated by IF in obese mice. Adipocyte-specific depletion of COX-2 led to reduced fractions of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and a substantial decrease in the frequency of CD206+ macrophages, an increase in the abundance of γδT cells in WAT under normal chow diet conditions, and attenuation of IF-induced antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, despite a similar antiobesity effect in obese mice. Mechanistically, adipocyte-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoted Treg proliferation through the CaMKII pathway in vitro and rescued Treg populations in adipose tissue in COX-2-deficient mice. Ultimately, inactivation of Tregs by neutralizing anti-CD25 diminished IF-elicited antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, and PGE2 restored the beneficial effects of IF in COX-2-KO mice. Collectively, our study reveals that adipocyte COX-2 is a key regulator of Treg proliferation and that adipocyte-derived PGE2 is essential for IF-elicited type 2 immune response and metabolic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Huyen Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lily Elizabeth R. Feldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xuebo Men
- Baodi Clinical College of Tian Jin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cen Yan
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Edwards SW, Nelms M, Hench VK, Ponder J, Sullivan K. Mapping Mechanistic Pathways of Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity Using Chemical Structure and Bioactivity Measurements. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:824094. [PMID: 35295211 PMCID: PMC8915918 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.824094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory agencies around the world have committed to reducing or eliminating animal testing for establishing chemical safety. Adverse outcome pathways can facilitate replacement by providing a mechanistic framework for identifying the appropriate non-animal methods and connecting them to apical adverse outcomes. This study separated 11,992 chemicals with curated rat oral acute toxicity information into clusters of structurally similar compounds. Each cluster was then assigned one or more ToxCast/Tox21 assays by looking for the minimum number of assays required to record at least one positive hit call below cytotoxicity for all acutely toxic chemicals in the cluster. When structural information is used to select assays for testing, none of the chemicals required more than four assays and 98% required two assays or less. Both the structure-based clusters and activity from the associated assays were significantly associated with the GHS toxicity classification of the chemicals, which suggests that a combination of bioactivity and structural information could be as reproducible as traditional in vivo studies. Predictivity is improved when the in vitro assay directly corresponds to the mechanism of toxicity, but many indirect assays showed promise as well. Given the lower cost of in vitro testing, a small assay battery including both general cytotoxicity assays and two or more orthogonal assays targeting the toxicological mechanism could be used to improve performance further. This approach illustrates the promise of combining existing in silico approaches, such as the Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite (CATMoS), with structure-based bioactivity information as part of an efficient tiered testing strategy that can reduce or eliminate animal testing for acute oral toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Edwards
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark Nelms
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia K. Hench
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jessica Ponder
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee JS, Song WS, Lim JW, Choi TR, Jo SH, Jeon HJ, Kwon JE, Park JH, Kim YR, Yang YH, Jeong JH, Kim YG. An integrative multiomics approach to characterize anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of Akkermansia muciniphila in adipocytes. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100397. [PMID: 34894414 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cellular components of Akkermansia muciniphila are considered potential biotherapeutics for the improvement of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases. However, the molecular-based mechanism of A. muciniphila for treatment of obesity, which can provide important evidence for human research, has rarely been explored. Here, we applied integrative multiomics approaches to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism involved in obesity treatment by A. muciniphila. First, the treatment with a cell lysate of A. muciniphila reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and downregulated the mRNA expression of proteins involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Our proteomic results revealed that A. muciniphila decreased the expression of proteins involved in fat cell differentiation, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism in adipocytes. Moreover, A. muciniphila significantly reduced the level of metabolites related to glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and ATP in adipocytes. Interestingly, serine protease inhibitor A3 (SERPINA3) homologs were overexpressed in the 3T3-L1 cells treated with A. muciniphila. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection demonstrated that A. muciniphila upregulates SERPINA3G expression and inhibits lipogenesis in adipocytes. Taken together, our multiomics-based approaches enabled to uncover the molecular mechanism of A. muciniphila for treatment of obesity and provide potent anti-lipogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Rim Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Assinder SJ, Boumelhem BB. Oxytocin stimulates lipolysis, prostaglandin E 2 synthesis, and leptin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111381. [PMID: 34216640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A model of oxytocin in the regulation of metabolic status has described one of oxytocin synthesis and release from the neurohypophysis in response to leptin, to suppress further leptin release. In addition, a lipogenic role for oxytocin has been suggested, consistent with an insulinergic action. This model, however, may be incorrect. Oxytocin reduces fat mass in the absence of either leptin or leptin receptor signalling, thereby challenging the interdependence between leptin and oxytocin. An oxytocin induced production of the anti-lipolytic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) might account for this. Media from 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes treated with oxytocin (0-50 nmol.L-1) for 24 hrs were assayed for PGE2, leptin, adiponectin, and glycerol. Harvested cells were analysed for lipid droplet triglyceride and cytosolic free fatty acid (FFA) by flow cytometry, and for altered expression of lipolytic and lipogenic associated gene ontology transcripts by cDNA array. Both PGE2 and leptin secretion were significantly increased by oxytocin treatment whilst adiponectin secretion was not. A significant increase in cytosolic FFA was detected following oxytocin treatment, similar to that determined following treatment with isoproterenol (positive control). A significant increase in glycerol release to the culture media confirmed a lipolytic effect. No enrichment of lipolytic and lipogenic associated gene ontology transcripts was determined, but significant overrepresentation of chemosensory olfactory transcripts was. In conclusion, oxytocin stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mediated by autocrine/paracrine actions of PGE2 and leptin. To confirm that this response is mediated solely by the oxytocin receptor, further experiments would require those effects being blocked by a specific oxytocin antagonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Assinder
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Badwi B Boumelhem
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Donepudi AC, Lee Y, Lee JY, Schuetz JD, Manautou JE. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4) is a novel genetic factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21304. [PMID: 33417247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001299rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 4 (Mrp4) is an efflux transporter known to transport several xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. We recently identified that the lack of Mrp4 increases adipose tissue and body weights in mice. However, the role of Mrp4 in adipose tissue physiology are unknown. The current study aimed at characterizing these specific roles of Mrp4 using wild-type (WT) and knockout (Mrp4-/- ) mice. Our studies determined that Mrp4 is expressed in mouse adipose tissue and that the lack of Mrp4 expression is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the lack of Mrp4 increased blood glucose and leptin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, in 3T3-L1 cells and human pre-adipocytes, pharmacological inhibition of Mrp4 increased adipogenesis and altered expression of adipogenic genes. Lack of Mrp4 activity in both of our in vivo and in vitro models leads to increased activation of adipose tissue cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and decreased plasma prostaglandin E (PGE) metabolite levels. These changes in Creb activation, coupled with decreased PGE levels, together promoted the observed metabolic phenotype in Mrp4-/- mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that Mrp4 as a novel genetic factor involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Donepudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ercolano G, Gomez-Cadena A, Dumauthioz N, Vanoni G, Kreutzfeldt M, Wyss T, Michalik L, Loyon R, Ianaro A, Ho PC, Borg C, Kopf M, Merkler D, Krebs P, Romero P, Trabanelli S, Jandus C. PPARɣ drives IL-33-dependent ILC2 pro-tumoral functions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2538. [PMID: 33953160 PMCID: PMC8100153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in protection against helminths and in diverse inflammatory diseases by responding to soluble factors such as the alarmin IL-33, that is often overexpressed in cancer. Nonetheless, regulatory factors that dictate ILC2 functions remain poorly studied. Here, we show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is selectively expressed in ILC2s in humans and in mice, acting as a central functional regulator. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly impair IL-33-induced Type-2 cytokine production and mitochondrial fitness. Further, PPARγ blockade in ILC2s disrupts their pro-tumoral effect induced by IL-33-secreting cancer cells. Lastly, genetic ablation of PPARγ in ILC2s significantly suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Our findings highlight a crucial role for PPARγ in supporting the IL-33 dependent pro-tumorigenic role of ILC2s and suggest that PPARγ can be considered as a druggable pathway in ILC2s to inhibit their effector functions. Hence, PPARγ targeting might be exploited in cancer immunotherapy and in other ILC2-driven mediated disorders, such as asthma and allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nina Dumauthioz
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Vanoni
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Michalik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Loyon
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon, France
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Borg
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon, France
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seeger DR, Golovko SA, Grove BD, Golovko MY. Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates brain angiogenesis and independently decreases mouse survival under hypoxia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:246-261. [PMID: 33389746 PMCID: PMC8249483 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although cyclooxygenase (COX) role in cancer angiogenesis has been studied, little is known about its role in brain angioplasticity. In the present study, we chronically infused mice with ketorolac, a non‐specific COX inhibitor that does not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), under normoxia or 50% isobaric hypoxia (10% O2 by volume). Ketorolac increased mortality rate under hypoxia in a dose‐dependent manner. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy, we demonstrated that chronic COX inhibition completely attenuated brain angiogenic response to hypoxia. Alterations in a number of angiogenic factors that were reported to be COX‐dependent in other models were assayed at 24‐hr and 10‐day hypoxia. Intriguingly, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 was unaffected under COX inhibition, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) were significantly but slightly decreased. However, a number of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were significantly reduced upon COX inhibition. We conclude that additional, angiogenic factor‐independent mechanism might contribute to COX role in brain angioplasticity, probably including mitogenic COX effect on endothelium. Our data indicate that COX activity is critical for systemic adaptation to chronic hypoxia, and BBB COX is essential for hypoxia‐induced brain angioplasticity. These data also indicate a potential risk for using COX inhibitors under hypoxia conditions in clinics. Further studies are required to elucidate a complete mechanism for brain long‐term angiogenesis regulation through COX activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Seeger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Svetlana A Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Bryon D Grove
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dahlhaus M, Roos J, Engel D, Tews D, Halbgebauer D, Funcke JB, Kiener S, Schuler PJ, Döscher J, Hoffmann TK, Zinngrebe J, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. CD90 Is Dispensable for White and Beige/Brown Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7907. [PMID: 33114405 PMCID: PMC7663553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ in rodents and humans. In mice, the transplantation of BAT has been successfully used to combat obesity and its comorbidities. While such beneficial properties of BAT are now evident, the developmental and cellular origins of brown, beige, and white adipocytes have remained only poorly understood, especially in humans. We recently discovered that CD90 is highly expressed in stromal cells isolated from human white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to BAT. Here, we studied whether CD90 interferes with brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging. We applied flow cytometric sorting of human adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout strategy in the human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocyte model system, as well as a siRNA approach in human approaches supports the hypothesis that CD90 affects brown or white adipogenesis or white adipocyte beiging in humans. Taken together, our findings call the conclusions drawn from previous studies, which claimed a central role of CD90 in adipocyte differentiation, into question.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/metabolism
- Gigantism/genetics
- Gigantism/metabolism
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Humans
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Thermogenesis
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Dahlhaus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Julian Roos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Engel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Daniel Halbgebauer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Sophie Kiener
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Johannes Döscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.J.S.); (J.D.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Julia Zinngrebe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (M.D.); (J.R.); (D.E.); (D.T.); (D.H.); (J.-B.F.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (J.Z.); (K.-M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mediated gene expression and inhibition of induced nitric oxide production by Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:80. [PMID: 32164648 PMCID: PMC7076844 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of botanicals is linked to their phytochemicals that often exert pleiotropic effects via targeting multiple molecular signaling pathways such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB). The PPARs are transcription factors that control metabolic homeostasis and inflammation while the NF-κB is a master regulator of inflammatory genes such as the inducible nitric-oxide synthase that result in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction. METHODS Extracts of Maerua subcordata (MS) and selected candidate constituents thereof, identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy, were tested for their ability to induce PPARγ mediated gene expression in U2OS-PPARγ cells using luciferase reporter gene assay and also for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. While measuring the effect of test samples on PPARγ mediated gene expression, a counter assay that used U2OS-Cytotox cells was performed to monitor cytotoxicity or any non-specific changes in luciferase activity. RESULTS The results revealed that the fruit, root, and seed extracts were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 30 g dry weight per litre (gDW/L) and induced PPARγ mediated gene expression but the leaf extract showed some cytotoxicity and exhibited minimal induction. Instead, all extracts showed concentration (1-15 gDW/L) dependent inhibition of LPS induced NO production. The root extract showed weaker inhibition. Among the candidate constituents, agmatine, stachydrine, trigonelline, indole-3-carboxyaldehyde, plus ethyl-, isobutyl-, isopropyl, and methyl-isothiocyanates showed similar inhibition, and most showed increased inhibition with increasing concentration (1-100 μM) although to a lesser potency than the positive control, aminoguanidine. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated for the first time the induction of PPARγ mediated gene expression by MS fruit, root, and seed extracts and the inhibition of LPS induced NO production by MS fruit, leaf, root, and seed extracts and some candidate constituents thereof.
Collapse
|
20
|
Carter WA, DeMoranville KJ, Pierce BJ, McWilliams SR. The effects of dietary linoleic acid and hydrophilic antioxidants on basal, peak, and sustained metabolism in flight-trained European starlings. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1552-1566. [PMID: 32076533 PMCID: PMC7029098 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary micronutrients have the ability to strongly influence animal physiology and ecology. For songbirds, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants are hypothesized to be particularly important micronutrients because of their influence on an individual's capacity for aerobic metabolism and recovery from extended bouts of exercise. However, the influence of specific fatty acids and hydrophilic antioxidants on whole-animal performance remains largely untested. We used diet manipulations to directly test the effects of dietary PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n6), and anthocyanins, a hydrophilic antioxidant, on basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR), and rates of fat catabolism, lean catabolism, and energy expenditure during sustained flight in a wind tunnel in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). BMR, PMR, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism decreased and lean catabolism increased over the course of the experiment in birds fed a high (32%) 18:2n6 diet, while birds fed a low (13%) 18:2n6 diet exhibited the reverse pattern. Additionally, energy expenditure, fat catabolism, and flight duration were all subject to diet-specific effects of whole-body fat content. Dietary antioxidants and diet-related differences in tissue fatty acid composition were not directly related to any measure of whole-animal performance. Together, these results suggest that the effect of dietary 18:2n6 on performance was most likely the result of the signaling properties of 18:2n6. This implies that dietary PUFA influence the energetic capabilities of songbirds and could strongly influence songbird ecology, given their availability in terrestrial systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wales A. Carter
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRIUSA
| | | | | | - Scott R. McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arnesen H, Haj-Yasein NN, Tungen JE, Soedling H, Matthews J, Paulsen SM, Nebb HI, Sylte I, Hansen TV, Sæther T. Molecular modelling, synthesis, and biological evaluations of a 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole fatty acid analogue as a PPARα-selective agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4059-4068. [PMID: 31351846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are important drug targets in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Fibrates, acting as PPARα agonists, have been widely used lipid-lowering agents for decades. However, the currently available PPARα targeting agents show low subtype-specificity and consequently a search for more potent agonists have emerged. In this study, previously isolated oxohexadecenoic acids from the marine algae Chaetoceros karianus were used to design a PPARα-specific analogue. Herein we report the design, synthesis, molecular modelling studies and biological evaluations of the novel 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole analogue 6-(5-heptyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)hexanoic acid (1), named ADAM. ADAM shows a clear receptor preference and significant dose-dependent activation of PPARα (EC50 = 47 µM) through its ligand-binding domain (LBD). Moreover, ADAM induces expression of important PPARα target genes, such as CPT1A, in the Huh7 cell line and primary mouse hepatocytes. In addition, ADAM exhibits a moderate ability to regulate PPARγ target genes and drive adipogenesis. Molecular modelling studies indicated that ADAM docks its carboxyl group into opposite ends of the PPARα and -γ LBD. ADAM interacts with the receptor-activating polar network of amino acids (Tyr501, His447 and Ser317) in PPARα, but not in PPARγ LBD. This may explain the lack of PPARγ agonism, and argues for a PPARα-dependent adipogenic function. Such compounds are of interest towards developing new lipid-lowering remedies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Nabil Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn E Tungen
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen Soedling
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar M Paulsen
- MabCent-SFI, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hilde I Nebb
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
L-PGDS-produced PGD 2 in premature, but not in mature, adipocytes increases obesity and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30760783 PMCID: PMC6374461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the production of PGD2 in adipocytes and is selectively induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of HFD on obesity and insulin resistance in two distinct types of adipose-specific L-PGDS gene knockout (KO) mice: fatty acid binding protein 4 (fabp4, aP2)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox and adiponectin (AdipoQ)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. The L-PGDS gene was deleted in adipocytes in the premature stage of the former strain and after maturation of the latter strain. The L-PGDS expression and PGD2 production levels decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) under HFD conditions only in the aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, but were unchanged in the AdipoQ-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. When fed an HFD, aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice significantly reduced body weight gain, adipocyte size, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In WAT of the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, the expression levels of the adipogenic, lipogenic, and M1 macrophage marker genes were decreased, whereas those of the lipolytic and M2 macrophage marker genes were enhanced or unchanged. Insulin sensitivity was improved in the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. These results indicate that PGD2 produced by L-PGDS in premature adipocytes is involved in the regulation of body weight gain and insulin resistance under nutrient-dense conditions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Labrecque J, Michaud A, Gauthier MF, Pelletier M, Julien F, Bouvet-Bouchard L, Tchernof A. Interleukin-1β and prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes as modulators of human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 141:9-16. [PMID: 30661603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-1β stimulates expression of prostaglandin (PG)-synthesizing enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1B1 in human preadipocytes. We aimed to examine the impact of IL-1β, COX-2 and AKR1B1 on markers of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue function, and to assess whether PG synthesis by these enzymes mediates IL-1β effects. Omental and subcutaneous fat samples were obtained from bariatric surgery patients. PG release and expression of inflammatory and adipogenic markers were assessed in explants treated with COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 or AKR1B1 inhibitor Statil, with or without IL-1β. Preadipocyte differentiation experiments were also performed. IL-1β decreased expression of PPARγ in both fat depots compared to control and increased expression of NF-κB1, IL-6, CCL-5, ICAM-1 and VEGFA, especially in visceral fat for IL-6, CCL-5 and VEGFA. Adding Statil or NS-398 to IL-1β blunted PGF2α and PGE2 release, but did not alter IL-1β effects on adipose tissue function markers. IL-1β down-regulated adipocyte differentiation whereas NS-398 alone increased this process. However, NS-398 did not prevent IL-1β inhibition of adipogenesis. We conclude that IL-1β induces a pro-inflammatory response in human adipose tissues, particularly in visceral fat, and acts independently of concomitant PG release. IL-1β and COX-2 appear to be critical determinants of adipose tissue pathophysiologic remodeling in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Labrecque
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; École de nutrition - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Andréanne Michaud
- Montreal Neurological Institute - McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Frédérique Gauthier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Julien
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Léonie Bouvet-Bouchard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; École de nutrition - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rahman MS. Prostacyclin: A major prostaglandin in the regulation of adipose tissue development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3254-3262. [PMID: 30431153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to the group lipid mediators and can act as local hormones. They contain 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring, and are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipid derived arachidonic acid through the arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway with the help of various terminal synthase enzymes. Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 ) is one of the major prostanoids produced with the help of prostacyclin synthase (prostaglandin I2 synthase) enzyme and rapidly hydrolyzed into 6-keto-PGF1α in biological fluids. Obesity indicates an excess of body adiposity, which is globally considered as one of the major health disasters responsible for developing complex pathological situations in the human body. Adipose tissues can produce various PGs, and thus, the level and the molecular activity of these endogenously synthesized PGs are considered critical for the development of obesity. In this regard, the involvement of prostacyclin in adipogenesis has been studied in the last few decades. The current review, along with the background of other related PGs, presents the several molecular aspects of endogenous prostaglandin I2 in adipose tissue development. Especially, the regulation of life cycle of adipocytes, impact on terminal differentiation, activity through prostacyclin receptor (IP), autocrine-paracrine manner, thermogenic adipose tissue remodeling and some future experimental aspects of prostacyclin have been focused upon in this study. This discussion might assist to develop new drug molecules acting on the signaling pathways of prostacyclin and devise therapeutic strategies for treating obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Olona A, Terra X, Ko JH, Grau-Bové C, Pinent M, Ardevol A, Diaz AG, Moreno-Moral A, Edin M, Bishop-Bailey D, Zeldin DC, Aitman TJ, Petretto E, Blay M, Behmoaras J. Epoxygenase inactivation exacerbates diet and aging-associated metabolic dysfunction resulting from impaired adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 11:18-32. [PMID: 29656108 PMCID: PMC6001407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When molecular drivers of healthy adipogenesis are perturbed, this can cause hepatic steatosis. The role of arachidonic acid (AA) and its downstream enzymatic cascades, such as cyclooxygenase, in adipogenesis is well established. The exact contribution of the P450 epoxygenase pathway, however, remains to be established. Enzymes belonging to this pathway are mainly encoded by the CYP2J locus which shows extensive allelic expansion in mice. Here we aimed to establish the role of endogenous epoxygenase during adipogenesis under homeostatic and metabolic stress conditions. METHODS We took advantage of the simpler genetic architecture of the Cyp2j locus in the rat and used a Cyp2j4 (orthologue of human CYP2J2) knockout rat in two models of metabolic dysfunction: physiological aging and cafeteria diet (CAF). The phenotyping of Cyp2j4-/- rats under CAF was integrated with proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and lipidomics (LC-MS) analyses in the liver and the adipose tissue. RESULTS We report that Cyp2j4 deletion causes adipocyte dysfunction under metabolic challenges. This is characterized by (i) down-regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) PPARγ and C/EBPα, (ii) adipocyte hypertrophy, (iii) extracellular matrix remodeling, and (iv) alternative usage of AA pathway. Specifically, in Cyp2j4-/- rats treated with a cafeteria diet, the dysfunctional adipogenesis is accompanied by exacerbated weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, and dysregulated gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AA epoxygenases are essential regulators of healthy adipogenesis. Our results uncover their synergistic role in fine-tuning AA pathway in obesity-mediated hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ximena Terra
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carme Grau-Bové
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardevol
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Matthew Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Mayte Blay
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rossi EL, Khatib SA, Doerstling SS, Bowers LW, Pruski M, Ford NA, Glickman RD, Niu M, Yang P, Cui Z, DiGiovanni J, Hursting SD. Resveratrol inhibits obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction and tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal claudin-low breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:393-407. [PMID: 29197120 PMCID: PMC6053655 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysregulation, a hallmark of obesity, contributes to a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and is associated with increased risk and progression of several breast cancer subtypes, including claudin-low breast tumors. Unfortunately, mechanistic targets for breaking the links between obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and claudin-low breast cancer growth have not been elucidated. Ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice were randomized (n = 15/group) to receive a control diet, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet, or a DIO + resveratrol (0.5% wt/wt) diet. Mice consumed these diets ad libitum throughout study and after 6 weeks were orthotopically injected with M-Wnt murine mammary tumor cells, a model of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative claudin-low breast cancer. Compared with controls, DIO mice displayed adipose dysregulation and metabolic perturbations including increased mammary adipocyte size, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, inflammatory eicosanoid levels, macrophage infiltration, and prevalence of crown-like structures (CLS). DIO mice (relative to controls) also had increased systemic inflammatory cytokines and decreased adipocyte expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and other adipogenesis-regulating genes. Supplementing the DIO diet with resveratrol prevented obesity-associated increases in mammary tumor growth, mammary adipocyte hypertrophy, COX-2 expression, macrophage infiltration, CLS prevalence, and serum cytokines. Resveratrol also offset the obesity-associated downregulation of adipocyte PPARγ and other adipogenesis genes in DIO mice. Our findings suggest that resveratrol may inhibit obesity-associated inflammation and claudin-low breast cancer growth by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and associated adipose tissue dysregulation that typically accompanies obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melissa Pruski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Randolph D Glickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Division, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Division, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
Lipids have the potential to serve as bio-markers, which allow us to analyze and to identify cells under various experimental settings, and to serve as a clinical diagnostic tool. For example, diagnosis according to specific lipids that are associated with diabetes and obesity. The rapid development of mass-spectrometry techniques enables identification and profiling of multiple types of lipid species. Together, lipid profiling and data interpretation forge the new field of lipidomics. Lipidomics can be used to characterize physiologic and pathophysiological processes in adipocytes, since lipid metabolism is at the core of adipocyte physiology and energy homeostasis. A significant bulk of lipids are stored in adipocytes, which can be released and used to produce energy, used to build membranes, or used as signaling molecules that regulate metabolism. In this review, we discuss how exhaust of lipidomes can be used to study adipocyte differentiation, physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Lapid
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Graff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Matsuwaki T, Komatsuda M, Fujisawa A, Doke M, Yamanouchi K, Nishihara M. Molecular species of prostaglandins involved in modulating luteinising hormone pulses of female rats under infectious stress conditions. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28544399 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is suppressed under infectious stress conditions. By analysing the pulsatility of luteinising hormone (LH), we have previously demonstrated that prostaglandins (PGs) in the central nervous system mediate infectious stress to suppress the activity of the HPG axis. The present study aimed to characterise the types of PGs responsible for suppression of the HPG axis. We focused on three major types of PGs: PGE2 , PGD2 and PGF2α . We used female rats overiectomised bilaterally 1 week before the experiments. Lipopolysaccharide (100 μg kg-1 ) suppressed LH pulses at the same time as enhancing the concentration of all three PGs in the cerebrospinal fluid, which was restored by indomethacin (10 mg kg-1 ). Subsequently, we observed LH pulsatility after a single injection of each PG and after co-injection of PGE2 with PGF2α into the third cerebral ventricle. A single injection of PGE2 dose-dependently induced a transient increase in mean LH concentration and LH pulse amplitude, and PGD2 significantly increased the amplitude of LH pulses, wereas PGF2α did not affect LH pulsatility. On the other hand, co-injection of PGE2 and PGF2α induced a significant suppression of both the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. These results suggest that PGE2 and PGF2α can represent two of the mediators that suppress the HPG axis in situations of infectious stress. Moreover, the results imply that there are two contradictory effects of PGE2 on LH pulsatility: (i) enhancive when working alone and (ii) suppressive when working together with PGF2α .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuwaki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Komatsuda
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Fujisawa
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Doke
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yamanouchi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nishihara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent publications have reported the adverse effects of prostaglandin analogues on the periocular tissues. These medications may cause periorbital lipodystrophy, enophthalmos, and deepening of the superior sulcus deformity. While these effects may have adverse consequences for some patients, the atrophy of the periorbital fat may have a useful role in diseases that lead to orbital and periorbital fat hypertrophy such as thyroid eye disease. In this pilot study, the authors investigated the effects of retrobulbar bimatoprost injection on the intraocular pressure and orbital fat in a rat animal model. METHODS Three rats were sedated and intraocular pressure was measured. A 0.1 ml aliquot of bimatoprost was injected into the right orbit of all rats. In the left orbit, 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline was injected as a control. Three weeks later, all rats were sedated and intraocular pressure was measured before euthanizing. Routine histologic staining was performed and thin sections through the intraconal orbital fat were obtained. Density of intraconal adipocytes was measured and adipocyte heterogeneity was determined using a computer image analysis algorithm. RESULTS The specimens injected with bimatoprost demonstrated atrophy of orbital fat with significantly increased adipocyte density (p = 0.009) and heterogeneity (p = 0.008) when compared with control. Intraocular pressure was not significantly decreased at 3 weeks after injection of retrobulbar bimatoprost. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, orbital injection of bimatoprost demonstrated atrophy of intraconal adipocytes when compared with control orbits injected with saline. The orbits injected with bimatoprost were noted to have smaller, more heterogeneous adipocytes that were densely packed in the intraconal space. The study limitations include the small sample size, which limited the ability for us to make conclusions about the effect on intraocular pressure. Nevertheless, the findings presented suggest that retrobulbar bimatoprost may present a nonsurgical alternative to induce atrophy of the orbital fat without inducing inflammation or hypotony.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu M, Liu D, Zeng R, Xian T, Lu Y, Zeng G, Sun Z, Huang B, Huang Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulation of PPARγ and FAS expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:134-142. [PMID: 27940057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component in green tea, functions as extensive bioactivities including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer. However, little is known about its anti-adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms. The purport of this study sought to investigate effects of EGCG on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and to explore its possible mechanisms. The 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate under the condition of pro-adipogenic cocktail with or without indicated EGCG concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200µM) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. Also, another batch of 3T3-L1 cells was induced under the optimal EGCG concentration (100µM) with or without SC3036 (PI3K activator, 10µM) or SC79 (AKT activator, 0.5µM) for 8 days. Subsequently, the cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the cell morphology was visualized by Oil red O staining. Finally, the mRNA levels including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by quantitative real time PCR, while the protein levels of PPARγ, FAS, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor substrate1(IRS1), AKT, and p-AKT were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Our results showed that EGCG inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects were reversed by SC3036 or SC79, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of EGCG are mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling to down-regulate PPARγ and FAS expression levels. The findings shed light on EGCG anti-adipogenic effects and its underlying mechanism and provide a novel preventive-therapeutic potential for obesity subjects as a compound from Chinese green tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhangzetian Sun
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Huang
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eftekhari K, Mifflin MD, Anderson RL. Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbital Lipodystrophy in Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery: A Novel Cause of Facial Asymmetry. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:NP119-21. [PMID: 26374814 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjv184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 70-year-old woman presented to our practice with profound ptosis of the left upper eyelid and notable asymmetry of the periocular area. On examination, she was noted to have significant atrophy of the periocular tissues on the left side, with lower eyelid retraction. These features were present but less severe on the right side. Upon further questioning, she stated that she had cataract surgery on the left side that was complicated by a high intraocular pressure and required subsequent secondary surgery. She had taken a prostaglandin eyedrop for many months after her cataract surgery to keep the eye pressure low. Recently, a newly recognized adverse effect of prostaglandin eyedrops has been described in the ophthalmic literature in which patients develop periorbital lipodystrophy. This case emphasizes that this may occur unilaterally in patients taking the eyedrop in only one eye, and should be recognized prior to considering functional and aesthetic surgery of the periocular area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Eftekhari
- Dr Eftekhari is a fellow and Dr Anderson is an oculoplastic surgeon in private practice in Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Dr. Mifflin is a Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology and Fellowship Director in Corneal Surgery, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark D Mifflin
- Dr Eftekhari is a fellow and Dr Anderson is an oculoplastic surgeon in private practice in Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Dr. Mifflin is a Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology and Fellowship Director in Corneal Surgery, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard L Anderson
- Dr Eftekhari is a fellow and Dr Anderson is an oculoplastic surgeon in private practice in Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Dr. Mifflin is a Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology and Fellowship Director in Corneal Surgery, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sakamoto Y, Yamamoto K, Hatakeyama Y, Tsuduki T. Effects of Fatty Acid Quality and Quantity in the Japanese Diet on the Suppression of Lipid Accumulation. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:61-73. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University
| | - Kazushi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University
| | - Yu Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Poulos SP, Dodson MV, Culver MF, Hausman GJ. The increasingly complex regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:449-56. [PMID: 26645953 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215619041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose (AD) tissue development and function relies on the ability of adipocytes to proliferate and differentiate into lipid-containing cells that also have endocrine function. Research suggests that certain conditions can induce AD tissue stem cells to differentiate into various cell types and that the microenvironment of the cell, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), is essential in maintaining cell and tissue function. This review provides an overview of factors involved in the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. A brief review of the numerous factors that influence PPARγ, the transcription factor thought to be the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, provides context of established pathways that regulate adipogenesis. Thought provoking findings from research with hypoxia that is supported by earlier research that vascular development is related to adipogenesis are reviewed. Finally, our understanding of the critical role of the ECM and environment in adipogenesis is discussed and compared with studies that suggest that adipocytes may dedifferentiate and can convert into other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael V Dodson
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Gary J Hausman
- Animal and Dairy Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS. Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dana S. Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Expression of genes related to prostaglandin synthesis or signaling in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue: depot differences and modulation by adipogenesis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:451620. [PMID: 25477713 PMCID: PMC4244696 DOI: 10.1155/2014/451620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To examine depot-specific PGE2 and PGF2α release and mRNA expression of enzymes or receptors involved in PG synthesis or signaling in human adipose tissues; (2) to identify changes in expression of these transcripts through preadipocyte differentiation; and (3) to examine associations between adipose tissue mRNA expression of these transcripts and adiposity measurements. METHODS Fat samples were obtained surgically in women. PGE2 and PGF2α release by preadipocytes and adipose tissue explants was measured. Expression levels of mRNA coding for enzymes or receptors involved in PG synthesis or signaling were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS Cultured preadipocytes and explants from omental fat released more PGE2 and PGF2α than those from the subcutaneous depot and the corresponding transcripts showed consistent depot differences. Following preadipocyte differentiation, expression of PLA2G16 and PTGER3 mRNA was significantly increased whereas COX-1, COX-2, PTGIS, and PTGES mRNA abundance were decreased in both compartments (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Transcripts that were stimulated during adipogenesis were those that correlated best with adiposity measurements. CONCLUSION Cells from the omental fat compartment release more PGE2 and PGF2α than those from the subcutaneous depot. Obesity modulates expression of PG-synthesizing enzymes and PG receptors which likely occurs through adipogenesis-induced changes in expression of these transcripts.
Collapse
|
37
|
Su YF, Yang SH, Lee YH, Wu BC, Huang SC, Liu CM, Chen SL, Pan YF, Chou S, Chou MY, Yang HW. Aspirin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis was p53-dependent and associated with inactivation of pentose phosphate pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Fujimori K, Yano M, Miyake H, Kimura H. Termination mechanism of CREB-dependent activation of COX-2 expression in early phase of adipogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:12-22. [PMID: 24378735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We elucidated the molecular mechanism of prostaglandin (PG) E2- and PGF2α-mediated suppression of the early phase of adipogenesis through enhanced COX-2 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to AMP, enhanced the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Dibutyryl cAMP activated PKA and enhanced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB). The ability of CREB binding to the CRE of the COX-2 promoter was elevated for enhancement of the expression of the COX-2 gene. CREB siRNA suppressed the expression of the COX-2 gene. Furthermore, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase (PP) 1/2A inhibitor, suppressed the progression of adipogenesis by preventing PP1/2A-mediated suppression of CREB-dependent COX-2 expression, thus resulting in increased production of anti-adipogenic PGE2 and PGF2α. These results indicate that CREB-dependent expression of COX-2 for the production of anti-adipogenic PGs is critical for the regulation of the early phase of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Yano
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyake
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kimura
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of paracrine and autocrine signaling in the early phase of adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63638. [PMID: 23723991 PMCID: PMC3665830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High cell density is known to enhance adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting secretion of signaling factors or cell-contact-mediated signaling. By employing microfluidic biochip technology, we have been able to separate these two processes and study the secretion pathways. Methods and results Adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured in a microfluidic system was investigated under perfusion conditions with an adipogenic medium or an adipogenic medium supplemented with supernatant from differentiating ASCs (conditioned medium). Conditioned medium increased adipogenic differentiation compared to adipogenic medium with respect to accumulation of lipid-filled vacuoles and gene expression of key adipogenic markers (C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, PPARγ, LPL and adiponectin). The positive effects of conditioned medium were observed early in the differentiation process. Conclusions Using different cell densities and microfluidic perfusion cell cultures to suppress the effects of cell-released factors, we have demonstrated the significant role played by auto- or paracrine signaling in adipocyte differentiation. The cell-released factor(s) were shown to act in the recruitment phase of the differentiation process.
Collapse
|