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Kouba I, Del Pozzo J, Lesser ML, Shahani D, Gulersen M, Bracero LA, Blitz MJ. Socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with excessive gestational weight gain. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1295-1303. [PMID: 36930325 PMCID: PMC10021048 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes but efforts to identify women at high risk for EGWG have been limited. The objective of this study is to identify socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with EGWG. METHODS This retrospective cohort included pregnant patients who delivered live, term, singleton newborns between January 2018 and February 2020 at seven hospitals within a large health system in New York. Patients were stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index and then classified based on whether they exceeded the Institute of Medicine guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) and whether they gained more than 50 pounds in pregnancy. RESULTS A total of 44,872 subjects were included for analysis: 48% had EGWG and 17% had GWG exceeding 50 pounds. Patients with EGWG were more likely to be Black race, English speakers, overweight or obese pre-pregnancy, and have a mood disorder diagnosis. Patients who were underweight, multiparous, and those with gestational diabetes were less likely to have EGWG. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic and clinical findings associated with GWG > 50 pounds were similar but only overweight and not obese patients were at increased risk. Patients at risk for EGWG may benefit from early nutrition counseling and education on lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Kouba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, South Shore University Hospital, 376 E Main St, Suite 202, Bay Shore, NY, 11706, USA.
| | - Jaclyn Del Pozzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Martin L Lesser
- Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Disha Shahani
- Biostatistics Unit, Office of Academic Affairs, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Moti Gulersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Luis A Bracero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Blitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Langmajerová M, Roubalová R, Šebela A, Vevera J. The effect of microbiome composition on impulsive and violent behavior: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114266. [PMID: 36549572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the microbiome on brain function and behavior has recently become an important research topic. We searched for a link between the gut microbiome and impulsive and violent behavior. We focused on critical factors influencing the microbiome establishment that may affect human health later in life, i.e., delivery mode, early-life feeding, and early antibiotic exposure. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included original human studies examining adults and children with impulsive and/or violent behavior that assessed the gut microbiota composition of participants, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, or early antibiotic exposure. Bibliographic searches yielded 429 articles, and 21 met the eligibility criteria. Two studies reported data on patients with schizophrenia with violent behavior, while 19 studies reported data on patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results showed several bacterial taxa associated with ADHD symptomatology and with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. No association was found between delivery mode and impulsive behavior, nor did any articles relate infant feeding mode to violent human behavior. Those studies investigating early antibiotic exposure yielded ambiguous results. The heterogeneity of the data and the different methodologies of the included studies limited the external validity of the results. We found few studies that addressed the possible microbiome involvement in the pathophysiology of impulsive and violent behavior in humans. Our review revealed a gap in knowledge regarding links between the gut microbiome and these extreme behavioral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Langmajerová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Šebela
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Pilsen, alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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Grandinetti R, Fainardi V, Caffarelli C, Capoferri G, Lazzara A, Tornesello M, Meoli A, Bergamini BM, Bertelli L, Biserna L, Bottau P, Corinaldesi E, De Paulis N, Dondi A, Guidi B, Lombardi F, Magistrali MS, Marastoni E, Pastorelli S, Piccorossi A, Poloni M, Tagliati S, Vaienti F, Gregori G, Sacchetti R, Mari S, Musetti M, Antodaro F, Bergomi A, Reggiani L, Caramelli F, De Fanti A, Marchetti F, Ricci G, Esposito S. Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6558. [PMID: 36362786 PMCID: PMC9655250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheezing at preschool age (i.e., before the age of six) is common, occurring in about 30% of children before the age of three. In terms of health care burden, preschool children with wheeze show double the rate of access to the emergency department and five times the rate of hospital admissions compared with school-age asthmatics. The consensus document aims to analyse the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preschool wheezing and define the risk factors (i.e., allergy, atopy, infection, bronchiolitis, genetics, indoor and outdoor pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, obesity, prematurity) and the protective factors (i.e., probiotics, breastfeeding, vitamin D, influenza vaccination, non-specific immunomodulators) associated with the development of the disease in the young child. A multidisciplinary panel of experts from the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve key questions regarding managing preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions and formulate recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. Based on a panel of experts and extensive updated literature, this consensus document provides insight into the pathogenesis, risk and protective factors associated with the development and persistence of preschool wheezing. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the disease and confirm the associations between certain factors and the risk of wheezing in early life. In addition, preventive strategies must be promoted to avoid children's exposure to risk factors that may permanently affect respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grandinetti
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaia Capoferri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Lazzara
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Tornesello
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Aniello Meoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Maria Bergamini
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Bertelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loretta Biserna
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bottau
- Paediatrics Unit, Imola Hospital, 40026 Imola, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta De Paulis
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Battista Guidi
- Hospital and Territorial Paediatrics Unit, Pavullo, 41026 Pavullo Nel Frignano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sole Magistrali
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marastoni
- Paediatrics Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Piccorossi
- Paediatrics and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cesena Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Poloni
- Paediatrics Unit, Rimini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Vaienti
- Paediatrics Unit, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gregori
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Mari
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Bergomi
- Primary Care Pediatricians, AUSL Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Caramelli
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Fanti
- Paediatrics Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Marchetti
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Clinic, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Storm DW, Copp HL, Halverson TM, Du J, Juhr D, Wolfe AJ. A Child's urine is not sterile: A pilot study evaluating the Pediatric Urinary Microbiome. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:383-392. [PMID: 35337731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A bladder microbiome (urobiome) exists in adults. Data supports the effects of the adult urobiome on urinary tract health with associations between dysbiotic urobiomes and lower urinary tract disorders. Understanding urobiome origin is important since other microbiomes establish around birth and microbiome alterations are linked to disease development. However, the pediatric urobiome has not been well studied. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the age when the urobiome develops, compare the pediatric urobiome to microbiomes of adjacent urogenital niches, and compare the urobiomes between boys and girls and across age groups. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-four children less than 18 years of age without recent antibiotic exposure were recruited, including 48 males and 26 females, aged 2 weeks to 209 months of age. Transurethral catheterized urine samples and samples from the perineum, urethra, vagina, and foreskin were collected. Specimens were assessed using the expanded quantitative urine culture protocol and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dada2 was used to profile microbial compositions, and BLCA was used to identify microbial taxa. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 90.5% of urine samples and identified in children as young as 2 weeks of age. Microbial communities and compositions of the female bladder and other urogenital niches (urethra, perineum, and vagina) differed significantly by age. Lactobacillus predominated the bladder, urethral, and vaginal microbiomes in post-pubertal girls. Compared to female urinary microbiomes, those of males differed less substantially. Only perineal microbiomes differed significantly by age, whereas male urethral and foreskin microbiomes did not differ significantly. DISCUSSION We identified that a urinary microbiome is established as early as infancy. In addition, the female urobiome changes throughout childhood, until the post-pubertal bacterial taxa becomes consistent with that seen in adult females. Whereas in boys, the urinary microbiome changed very little over time. In addition, the surrounding urogenital microbiomes differed less in boys as compared to females. Microbiomes established at a young age may have long-term influences on immune, metabolic, and neurobehavioral traits. The same may be true for the urobiome. Our study provides a foundation for future research to determine the influence of the pediatric urobiome on the development of urinary and even non-urinary disorders. CONCLUSIONS A pediatric urobiome exists, with differences between males and females and can be detected at a young age with changes occurring throughout childhood. Similarities and differences are also seen between the pediatric urobiome and adjacent niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Storm
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., 3RCP, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Hillary L Copp
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, 400 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Thomas M Halverson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, 2160 1st Ave., Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jingjie Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, 2160 1st Ave., Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Denise Juhr
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., 3RCP, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, 2160 1st Ave., Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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5
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Probiotics and Trained Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101402. [PMID: 34680035 PMCID: PMC8533468 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity.
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Turi KN, Gebretsadik T, Ding T, Abreo A, Stone C, Hartert TV, Wu P. Dose, Timing, and Spectrum of Prenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Childhood Asthma. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:455-462. [PMID: 31994697 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential for prenatal antibiotic exposure to influence asthma risk is not clear. We aimed to determine the effect of timing, dose, and spectrum of prenatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of childhood asthma. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of 84 214 mother-child dyads to examine the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Sixty-four percent of pregnant women received antibiotics. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated dose-dependently with increased odds of childhood asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for interquartile increase of 2 courses [interquartile range, 0-2], 1.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.20-1.33]). Among children exposed to at least 1 course in utero, the effect of timing at the first course was moderated by total maternal courses. Among pregnant women receiving a single antibiotic course, timing of exposure had no effect on childhood asthma risk. Among women receiving > 1 course, early exposure of the first course was associated with greater childhood asthma risk. Compared to narrow spectrum-only antibiotic use, broad spectrum-only antibiotic exposure was associated with increased odds of asthma (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05-1.24]). There were effect modifications (P < .001) by maternal asthma on total courses, and on timing of the first course, significant only among those without maternal asthma. CONCLUSIONS Increased cumulative dose, early pregnancy first course, and broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure were associated with childhood asthma risk. Our study provides important evidence supporting judicious prenatal antibiotic use, particularly timing of use and choice of antibiotics, in preventing subsequent childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir N Turi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tebeb Gebretsadik
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew Abreo
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cosby Stone
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Fiuza BSD, Fonseca HF, Meirelles PM, Marques CR, da Silva TM, Figueiredo CA. Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623737. [PMID: 33732246 PMCID: PMC7957070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, "window of opportunity" that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, drugs, and pollutant exposures are of fundamental importance to immune modulation and these events are almost always accompanied by epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been shown that these alterations could be involved in both risk and protection of allergic diseases through mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can enhance Th2 responses and maintain memory Th2 cells or decrease Treg cells differentiation. In addition, epigenetic changes may differ according to the microbial agent involved and may even influence different asthma or allergy phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how exposure to different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and helminths can lead to epigenetic modulations and how this correlates with allergic diseases considering different genetic backgrounds of several ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Milet Meirelles
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cintia Rodrigues Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
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Acevedo N, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Caraballo L, Ding M, Ferrante A, Garn H, Garssen J, Hii CS, Irvine J, Llinás-Caballero K, López JF, Miethe S, Perveen K, Pogge von Strandmann E, Sokolowska M, Potaczek DP, van Esch BCAM. Perinatal and Early-Life Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Allergy. Nutrients 2021; 13:724. [PMID: 33668787 PMCID: PMC7996340 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the prevalence of allergic diseases over the last several decades. Environmental triggers including risk factors (e.g., pollution), the loss of rural living conditions (e.g., farming conditions), and nutritional status (e.g., maternal, breastfeeding) are considered major contributors to this increase. The influences of these environmental factors are thought to be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms which are heritable, reversible, and biologically relevant biochemical modifications of the chromatin carrying the genetic information without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. An important feature characterizing epigenetically-mediated processes is the existence of a time frame where the induced effects are the strongest and therefore most crucial. This period between conception, pregnancy, and the first years of life (e.g., first 1000 days) is considered the optimal time for environmental factors, such as nutrition, to exert their beneficial epigenetic effects. In the current review, we discussed the impact of the exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, and specific nutritional components (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- and animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on the epigenetic patterns related to allergic manifestations. We gave insight into the epigenetic signature of bioactive milk components and the effects of specific nutrition on neonatal T cell development. Several lines of evidence suggest that atypical metabolic reprogramming induced by extrinsic factors such as allergens, viruses, pollutants, diet, or microbiome might drive cellular metabolic dysfunctions and defective immune responses in allergic disease. Therefore, we described the current knowledge on the relationship between immunometabolism and allergy mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. The knowledge as presented will give insight into epigenetic changes and the potential of maternal and post-natal nutrition on the development of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James Irvine
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Llinás-Caballero
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Juan Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (N.A.); (L.C.); (K.L.-C.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Khalida Perveen
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (A.F.); (C.S.H.); (J.I.); (K.P.)
- Adelaide School of Medicine and the Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (B.A.A.); (E.P.v.S.)
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland; (M.D.); (M.S.)
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (H.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [PMID: 33381655 PMCID: PMC7745193 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Mishra
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, Delhi, India
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10
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Cavazos R, Patil M, Gautham KS. A sepsis risk calculator can decrease antibiotic exposure in neonatal early-onset sepsis screening. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2166-2167. [PMID: 32453463 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cavazos
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monika Patil
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Suresh Gautham
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Camacho JH, Rusinky Pinilla L, Salazar Peña D, Sanabria Dueñas S, Rojas Carvajal D, Burbano Castillo N, Ruiz Peña R, Palacino Saenz I, Martínez Quesada S, García Salazar A, Abdala Galvis N. Microbiota intestinal en pediatría. REPERTORIO DE MEDICINA Y CIRUGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.31260/repertmedcir.01217372.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
La microbiota intestinal es el conjunto de millones de microrganismos vivos ubicados en el tracto gastrointestinal. Es indispensable en múltiples funciones del organismo, regulación de la inmunidad, en aspectos nutricionales y procesos de inflamación sistémica entre otros. La disbiosis es la alteración del equilibrio de la microbiota normal, debido a cambios en la composición, funcionamiento, orden o su distribución; esto puede predisponer al individuo a la adquisición de enfermedades gastrointestinales, alérgicas y metabólicas, entre otras. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre los conceptos claves de la microbiota intestinal, sus asociaciones fisiopatológicas con desórdenes gastrointestinales, alérgicos y metabólicos en pediatría.
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12
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The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081119. [PMID: 32722458 PMCID: PMC7466123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.
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13
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates and shared chronic inflammatory pathways indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, where malnutrition lies at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. The common pathological mechanisms governing stunting and lung function deficits counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements.
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14
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Oral and nasal probiotic administration for the prevention and alleviation of allergic diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 34:1-16. [PMID: 32281536 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between a healthy microbiome and the immune system leads to body homeostasis, as dysbiosis in microbiome content and loss of diversity may result in disease development. Due to the ability of probiotics to help and modify microbiome constitution, probiotics are now widely used for the prevention and treatment of different gastrointestinal, inflammatory, and, more recently, respiratory diseases. In this regard, chronic respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and allergic rhinitis are among the most common and complicated respiratory diseases with no specific treatment until now. Accordingly, many studies have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of probiotic administration (mostly via the oral route and much lesser nasal route) on chronic respiratory diseases. We tried to summarise and evaluate these studies to give a perspective of probiotic therapy via both the oral and nasal routes for respiratory infections (in general) and chronic respiratory diseases (specifically). We finally concluded that probiotics might be useful for allergic diseases. For asthmatic patients, probiotics can modulate serum cytokines and IgE and decrease eosinophilia, but with no significant reduction in clinical symptoms. For COPD, only limited studies were found with uncertain clinical efficacy. For intranasal administration, although some studies propose more efficiency than the oral route, more clinical evaluations are warranted.
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15
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Turroni F, Milani C, Duranti S, Lugli GA, Bernasconi S, Margolles A, Di Pierro F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. The infant gut microbiome as a microbial organ influencing host well-being. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:16. [PMID: 32024556 PMCID: PMC7003403 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-0781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial establishment of the human gut microbiota is generally believed to occur immediately following birth, involving key gut commensals such as bifidobacteria that are acquired from the mother. The subsequent development of this early gut microbiota is driven and modulated by specific dietary compounds present in human milk that support selective colonization. This represents a very intriguing example of host-microbe co-evolution, where both partners are believed to benefit. In recent years, various publications have focused on dissecting microbial infant gut communities and their interaction with their human host, being a determining factor in host physiology and metabolic activities. Such studies have highlighted a reduction of microbial diversity and/or an aberrant microbiota composition, sometimes referred to as dysbiosis, which may manifest itself during the early stage of life, i.e., in infants, or later stages of life. There are growing experimental data that may explain how the early human gut microbiota affects risk factors related to adult health conditions. This concept has fueled the development of various nutritional strategies, many of which are based on probiotics and/or prebiotics, to shape the infant microbiota. In this review, we will present the current state of the art regarding the infant gut microbiota and the role of key commensal microorganisms like bifidobacteria in the establishment of the first microbial communities in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Abelardo Margolles
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica de Productos Lacteos, IPLA - CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy.
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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16
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Fukumori C, Casaro MB, Thomas AM, Mendes E, Ribeiro WR, Crisma AR, Murata GM, Bizzarro B, Dias-Neto E, Setubal JC, Oliveira MA, Tavares-de-Lima W, Curi R, Bordin S, Sartorelli P, Ferreira CM. Maternal supplementation with a synbiotic has distinct outcomes on offspring gut microbiota formation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, differentially affecting airway inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Nunes CF, Nogueira JS, Vianna PHO, Ciambarella BT, Rodrigues PM, Miranda KR, Lobo LA, Domingues RMCP, Busch M, Atella GC, Vale AM, Bellio M, Nóbrega A, Canto FB, Fucs R. Probiotic treatment during neonatal age provides optimal protection against experimental asthma through the modulation of microbiota and T cells. Int Immunol 2019; 30:155-169. [PMID: 29420746 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases, which increased to epidemic proportions in developed countries over the last few decades, has been correlated with altered gut microbiota colonization. Although probiotics may play a critical role in the restoration of gut homeostasis, their efficiency in the control of allergy is controversial. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic treatment initiated at neonatal or adult ages on the suppression of experimental ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Neonatal or adult mice were orally treated with probiotic bacteria and subjected to OVA-induced allergy. Asthma-like symptoms, microbiota composition and frequencies of the total CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were evaluated in both groups. Probiotic administration to neonates, but not to adults, was necessary and sufficient for the absolute prevention of experimental allergen-induced sensitization. The neonatally acquired tolerance, transferrable to probiotic-untreated adult recipients by splenic cells from tolerant donors, was associated with modulation of gut bacterial composition, augmented levels of cecum butyrate and selective accumulation of Treg cells in the airways. Our findings reveal that a cross-talk between a healthy microbiota and qualitative features inherent to neonatal T cells, especially in the Treg cell subset, might support the beneficial effect of perinatal exposure to probiotic bacteria on the development of long-term tolerance to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fraga Nunes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeane S Nogueira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Oliveira Vianna
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karla Rodrigues Miranda
- Faculdade de Farmácia - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro/Campus Macaé, Macaé - RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Araújo Lobo
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mileane Busch
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - André Macedo Vale
- Laboratório de Imunorreceptores e Sinalização, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nóbrega
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio B Canto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Rita Fucs
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói - RJ, Brazil
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18
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Roubalová R, Procházková P, Papežová H, Smitka K, Bilej M, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. Anorexia nervosa: Gut microbiota-immune-brain interactions. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:676-684. [PMID: 30952533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder defined by an extremely low body weight, a devastating fear of weight gain, and body image disturbance, however the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive review on the potential role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Recent advances in sequencing techniques used for microbial detection revealed that this disease is associated with disruption of the composition of normal gut microbiota (dysbiosis), manifested by low microbial diversity and taxonomic differences as compared to healthy individuals. Microorganisms present in the gut represent a part of the so called "microbiota-gut-brain" axis that affect the central nervous system and thus human behavior via the production of various neuroactive compounds. In addition, cells of the immune system are equipped with receptors for these neuroactive substances. Microbiota of the intestinal system also represent a very important antigenic source. These antigens can mimic some host neuropeptides and neurohormones and thus trigger the production of autoantibodies which cross-react with these compounds. The levels and affinities of these antibodies are thought to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, and eating and sleep disorders. The study of microbiota function in diseases could bring new insights to the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kvido Smitka
- The Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 5, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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19
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Kim HB. Modifiable prenatal environmental factors for the prevention of childhood asthma. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2019; 7:179. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Rationale of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy and Neonatal Period. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111693. [PMID: 30404227 PMCID: PMC6267579 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts. It has been speculated that probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and in the neonatal period might reduce some maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. In this narrative review, we describe the rationale behind probiotic supplementation and its possible role in preventing preterm delivery, perinatal infections, functional gastrointestinal diseases, and atopic disorders during early life.
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21
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Combellick JL, Shin H, Shin D, Cai Y, Hagan H, Lacher C, Lin DL, McCauley K, Lynch SV, Dominguez-Bello MG. Differences in the fecal microbiota of neonates born at home or in the hospital. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15660. [PMID: 30353125 PMCID: PMC6199260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the neonatal microbiome has been performed mostly on hospital-born infants, who often undergo multiple birth-related interventions. Both the hospital environment and interventions around the time of birth may affect the neonate microbiome. In this study, we determine the structure of the microbiota in feces from babies born in the hospital or at home, and from vaginal samples of their mothers. We included 35 vaginally-born, breast-fed neonates, 14 of whom delivered at home (4 in water), and 21 who delivered in the hospital. Feces from babies and mothers and maternal vaginal swab samples were collected at enrollment, the day of birth, followed by days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. At the time of birth, the diversity of the vaginal microbiota of mothers delivering in the hospital was lower than in mothers delivering at home, and showed higher proportion of Lactobacillus. Among 20 infants not exposed to perinatal maternal antibiotics or water birth, fecal beta diversity differed significantly by birth site, with hospital-born infants having lower Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus, and higher Clostridium and Enterobacteriaceae family (LDA > 3.0), than babies born at home. At 1 month of age, feces from infants born in the hospital also induced greater pro-inflammatory gene expression (TLR4, IL-8, occludin and TGFβ) in human colon epithelial HT-29 cells. The results of this work suggest that hospitalization (perinatal interventions or the hospital environment) may affect the microbiota of the vaginal source and the initial colonization during labor and birth, with effects that could persist in the intestinal microbiota of infants 1 month after birth. More research is needed to determine specific factors that alter bacterial transmission between mother and baby and the long-term health implications of these differences for the developing infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Combellick
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Dongjae Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yi Cai
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Corey Lacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco, 94118, USA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco, 94118, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco, 94118, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901, USA.
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22
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Flanigan C, Sheikh A, DunnGalvin A, Brew BK, Almqvist C, Nwaru BI. Prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and offspring's asthma and allergic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:403-414. [PMID: 29331049 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal stress may influence offspring's atopic risk through sustained cortisol secretion resulting from activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), leading to Th2-biased cell differentiation in the foetus. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and risk of asthma and allergy in the offspring. METHODS We searched 11 electronic databases from 1960 to 2016, searched the grey literature and contacted experts in the field. Type of stress indicator included mood disorders, anxiety, exposure to violence, bereavement and socio-economic problems occurring during pregnancy, both objectively and subjectively measured. We included all possible asthma and IgE-mediated allergy outcomes. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to synthesize the data. RESULTS We identified 9779 papers of which 30 studies (enrolling >6 million participants) satisfied inclusion criteria. The quality of 25 studies was moderate, 4 were strong, and one was weak. Maternal exposure to any type of stressors was associated with an increased risk of offspring atopic eczema/dermatitis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22-1.47), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.62), wheeze (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16-1.54) and asthma (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27). Exposure to anxiety and depression had strongest effect compared to other stressors. Exposure during the third trimester had the greatest impact compared to first and second trimesters. The increased risk was stronger for early-onset and persistent than for late-onset wheeze. Bereavement of a child (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.48) or a spouse (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.90) increased the risk of offspring asthma. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to prenatal maternal psychosocial stress was associated with increased risk, albeit modestly, of asthma and allergy in the offspring. The pronounced risk during the third trimester may represent cumulative stress exposure throughout pregnancy rather than trimester-specific effect. Our findings may represent a causal effect or a result of inherent biases in studies, particularly residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Flanigan
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Sheikh
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A DunnGalvin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Hospital, Cork City, Ireland.,University College Cork, Cork City, Ireland.,School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork City, Ireland
| | - B K Brew
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B I Nwaru
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Moossavi S, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Khafipour E, Azad MB. The Prebiotic and Probiotic Properties of Human Milk: Implications for Infant Immune Development and Pediatric Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:197. [PMID: 30140664 PMCID: PMC6095009 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric asthma has increased substantially in recent decades, reaching a worldwide prevalence of 14%. This rapid increase may be attributed to the loss of "Old Friend" microbes from the human microbiota resulting in a less diverse and "dysbiotic" gut microbiota, which fails to optimally stimulate immune development during infancy. This hypothesis is supported by observations that the gut microbiota is different in infants who develop asthma later in life compared to those who remain healthy. Thus, early life exposures that influence gut microbiota play a crucial role in asthma development. Breastfeeding is one such exposure; it is generally considered protective against pediatric asthma, although conflicting results have been reported, potentially due to variations in milk composition between individuals and across populations. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk microbiota are two major milk components that influence the infant gut microbiota and hence, development of the immune system. Among their many immunomodulatory functions, HMOs exert a selective pressure within the infant gut microbial niche, preferentially promoting the proliferation of specific bacteria including Bifidobacteria. Milk is also a source of viable bacteria originating from the maternal gut and infant oral cavity. As such, breastmilk has prebiotic and probiotic properties that can modulate two of the main forces controlling the gut microbial community assembly, i.e., dispersal and selection. Here, we review the latest evidence, mechanisms and hypotheses for the synergistic and/or additive effects of milk microbiota and HMOs in protecting against pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shadi Sepehri
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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24
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Milani C, Duranti S, Bottacini F, Casey E, Turroni F, Mahony J, Belzer C, Delgado Palacio S, Arboleya Montes S, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Rodriguez JM, Bode L, de Vos W, Gueimonde M, Margolles A, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2017; 81:e00036-17. [PMID: 29118049 PMCID: PMC5706746 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00036-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize the neonatal gut immediately following birth. The establishment and interactive development of this early gut microbiota are believed to be (at least partially) driven and modulated by specific compounds present in human milk. It has been shown that certain genomes of infant gut commensals, in particular those of bifidobacterial species, are genetically adapted to utilize specific glycans of this human secretory fluid, thus representing a very intriguing example of host-microbe coevolution, where both partners are believed to benefit. In recent years, various metagenomic studies have tried to dissect the composition and functionality of the infant gut microbiome and to explore the distribution across the different ecological niches of the infant gut biogeography of the corresponding microbial consortia, including those corresponding to bacteria and viruses, in healthy and ill subjects. Such analyses have linked certain features of the microbiota/microbiome, such as reduced diversity or aberrant composition, to intestinal illnesses in infants or disease states that are manifested at later stages of life, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. Thus, a growing number of studies have reported on how the early human gut microbiota composition/development may affect risk factors related to adult health conditions. This concept has fueled the development of strategies to shape the infant microbiota composition based on various functional food products. In this review, we describe the infant microbiota, the mechanisms that drive its establishment and composition, and how microbial consortia may be molded by natural or artificial interventions. Finally, we discuss the relevance of key microbial players of the infant gut microbiota, in particular bifidobacteria, with respect to their role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Casey
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Delgado Palacio
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica de Productos Lacteos, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya Montes
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica de Productos Lacteos, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Juan Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Willem de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, RPU Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica de Productos Lacteos, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Bioquimica de Productos Lacteos, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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25
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Yin L, Yang H, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Wu G, Yin Y. Pig models on intestinal development and therapeutics. Amino Acids 2017; 49:2099-2106. [PMID: 28986749 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption, and has a crucial impact on the entire organism. Much attention is being paid to utilize animal models to study the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in response to intestinal development and health. The piglet has a body size similar to that of the human and is an omnivorous animal with comparable anatomy, nutritional requirements, and digestive and associated inflammatory processes, and displays similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, which make piglets more appropriate as an animal model for human than other non-primate animals. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize key attributes of the piglet model with which to study human intestinal development and intestinal health through probing into the etiology of several gastrointestinal diseases, thus providing a theoretical and hopefully practical, basis for further studies on mammalian nutrition, health, and disease, and therapeutics. Given the comparable nutritional requirements and strikingly similar brain developmental patterns between young piglets and humans, the piglet has been used as an important translational model for studying neurodevelopmental outcomes influenced by pediatric nutrition. Because of similarities in anatomy and physiology between pigs and mankind, more emphasises are put on how to use the piglet model for human organ transplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqing Ding
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
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26
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Teijeiro A, Badellino H, Raiden MG, Cuello MN, Kevorkof G, Gatti C, Croce VH, Solé D. Risk factors for recurrent wheezing in the first year of life in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:234-239. [PMID: 27863815 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheezing is a very common respiratory symptom in infants. The prevalence of wheezing in infants, conducted in developed countries shows prevalence rates ranging between 20% and 30%. However, we do not know the risk factors in our population of wheezing infants. METHODS A standardised written questionnaire (WQ-P1-EISL) in infants between 12 and 18 months of age residing in the city of Cordoba was used; population/sample included 1031 infants. Recurrent wheezing (RW) was defined as three or more episodes of wheezing reported by the parents during the first 12 months of life. Data obtained were coded in Epi-Info™ (version 7) and statistically analysed with SPSS (version 17.5) software in Spanish. Parametric tests (one-way ANOVA) were performed for identifying significantly associated variables. RESULTS The prevalence of wheezing infants was 39.7%; recurrent wheezing 33%; and severe wheezing 14.7%; 13.7% had pneumonia before the first year and of these 6.3% were hospitalised, multiple variables as risk factors for wheezing were found such as: >6 high airway infections and bronchiolitis in the first three months of life, smokers who smoke in the home among other risk factors and protective factors in those who have an elevated socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION It is known that persistent respiratory problems in children due to low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for wheezing, pneumonia and could be a determining factor in the prevalence and severity of RW in infants. Research suggests that there are areas for improvement in the implementation of new educational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teijeiro
- Respiratory Center, Pediatric Hospital of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina; CIMER (Respiratory Medicine Investigation Center of Medicine Faculty), Catholic University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina.
| | - H Badellino
- CIMER (Respiratory Medicine Investigation Center of Medicine Faculty), Catholic University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Eastern Regional Clinic, San Francisco, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M G Raiden
- Respiratory Center, Pediatric Hospital of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - M N Cuello
- Respiratory Center, Pediatric Hospital of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina; CIMER (Respiratory Medicine Investigation Center of Medicine Faculty), Catholic University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - G Kevorkof
- CIMER (Respiratory Medicine Investigation Center of Medicine Faculty), Catholic University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Chairman of Medicine at Catholic University of Cordoba and National University of Cordoba, Argentina
| | - C Gatti
- Chairman of Epidemiology of Medicine at Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - V H Croce
- CIMER (Respiratory Medicine Investigation Center of Medicine Faculty), Catholic University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Cardiologic Model Institute, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - D Solé
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Dept of Pediatrics, Federal University of São PauloEscola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Suh DI, Chang HY, Lee E, Yang SI, Hong SJ. Prenatal Maternal Distress and Allergic Diseases in Offspring: Review of Evidence and Possible Pathways. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:200-211. [PMID: 28293926 PMCID: PMC5352571 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a close association between prenatal maternal distress and allergic diseases in the offspring. We selected relevant birth-cohort or national registry studies using a keyword search of the PubMed database and summarized current evidence on the impact of prenatal maternal distress on the development of offspring's allergic diseases. Moreover, we postulated possible pathways linking prenatal distress and allergic diseases based on relevant human and animal studies. Both dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased oxidative stress may cause structural (altered brain/lung development) and functional (skewed immune development) changes, which may predispose the fetus to developing allergic diseases during childhood. Although many facts are yet to be discovered, changes in the placental response and epigenetic modification are presumed to mediate the whole process from maternal distress to allergic diseases. Maternal prenatal distress can also interact with other physical or environmental factors, including familial or physical factors, indoor and outdoor pollutants, and early childhood psychological distress. The gut-microbiome-brain axis and the role of the microbiome as an immune modulator should be considered when investigating the stress-allergy relationship and exploring potential intervention modalities. Further research is needed, and particular attention should be given to defining the most vulnerable subjects and critical time periods. To this end, studies exploring relevant biomarkers are warranted, which can enable us to explore adequate intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Song I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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28
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Pontecorvi V, Carbone M, Invernizzi P. The "gut microbiota" hypothesis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:512. [PMID: 28149874 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pontecorvi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Carbone
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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29
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Kozyrskyj AL, Letourneau NL, Kang LJ, Salmani M. Associations between postpartum depressive symptoms and childhood asthma diminish with child age. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:324-330. [PMID: 27770463 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affecting 19% of women, postpartum depression is a major concern to the immediate health of mothers and infants. In the long-term, it has been linked to the development of early-onset asthma at school entry, but only if the depression persists beyond the postnatal period. No studies have tested whether associations with postpartum depressive symptoms and early-onset asthma phenotypes persist into later school age. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and childhood asthma between the ages of 5-10 by using a nested longitudinal design. METHODS Data were drawn from the 1994-2004 administrations of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, which tracks the health of a nationally representative sample of children in Canada. Child asthma was diagnosed by a health professional, and maternal depressive symptoms were assessed by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Analyses were conducted by using a multilevel modelling approach, in which longitudinal assessments of asthma in 1696 children were nested within the exposure of postpartum depression. RESULTS Postpartum depressive symptoms had a 1.5-fold significant association with childhood asthma between the ages 6-8. This was independent of male sex, maternal asthma, non-immigrant status, low household socioeconomic status, being firstborn, low birthweight, low family functioning and urban-rural residence, of which the first 4 covariates elevated the risk of asthma. Statistical significance was lost at age 8 when maternal prenatal smoking replaced urban-rural residence as a covariate. At ages 9-10, an association was no longer evident. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Women affected by postpartum depressive symptoms are concerned about long-term health effects of their illness on their infants. Although postpartum depressive symptoms were associated with school-age asthma at ages 6 and 7, this association diminished later. Both home and school life stress should be considered in future studies on asthma development later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - N L Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing & Cumming School of Medicine (Pediatrics & Psychiatry), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L J Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Salmani
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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30
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Huang H, Krishnan HB, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Soy and Gut Microbiota: Interaction and Implication for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8695-8709. [PMID: 27798832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) is a major commodity in the United States, and soy foods are gaining popularity due to their reported health-promoting effects. In the past two decades, soy and soy bioactive components have been studied for their health-promoting/disease-preventing activities and potential mechanisms of action. Recent studies have identified gut microbiota as an important component in the human body ecosystem and possibly a critical modulator of human health. Soy foods' interaction with the gut microbiota may critically influence many aspects of human development, physiology, immunity, and nutrition at different stages of life. This review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of soy foods and soy components on gut microbiota population and composition. It was found, although results vary in different studies, in general, both animal and human studies have shown that consumption of soy foods can increase the levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and alter the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These changes in microbiota are consistent with reported reductions in pathogenic bacteria populations in the gut, thereby lowering the risk of diseases and leading to beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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31
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Livanos AE, Greiner TU, Vangay P, Pathmasiri W, Stewart D, McRitchie S, Li H, Chung J, Sohn J, Kim S, Gao Z, Barber C, Kim J, Ng S, Rogers AB, Sumner S, Zhang XS, Cadwell K, Knights D, Alekseyenko A, Bäckhed F, Blaser MJ. Antibiotic-mediated gut microbiome perturbation accelerates development of type 1 diabetes in mice. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16140. [PMID: 27782139 PMCID: PMC5808443 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The early life microbiome plays important roles in host immunological and metabolic development. Because the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing substantially in recent decades, we hypothesized that early-life antibiotic use alters gut microbiota, which predisposes to disease. Using non-obese diabetic mice that are genetically susceptible to T1D, we examined the effects of exposure to either continuous low-dose antibiotics or pulsed therapeutic antibiotics (PAT) early in life, mimicking childhood exposures. We found that in mice receiving PAT, T1D incidence was significantly higher, and microbial community composition and structure differed compared with controls. In pre-diabetic male PAT mice, the intestinal lamina propria had lower Th17 and Treg proportions and intestinal SAA expression than in controls, suggesting key roles in transducing the altered microbiota signals. PAT affected microbial lipid metabolism and host cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression. These findings show that early-life antibiotic treatments alter the gut microbiota and its metabolic capacities, intestinal gene expression and T-cell populations, accelerating T1D onset in non-obese diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Livanos
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Thomas U. Greiner
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pajau Vangay
- Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis 55455, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Departments of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jennifer Chung
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Sara Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Cecily Barber
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Joanne Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Sandy Ng
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Arlin B. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis 55455, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minneapolis 55108, USA
| | - Alexander Alekseyenko
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
- CHIBI, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, Medical Service, New York, New York 10016, USA
- New York Harbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Claassen-Weitz S, Wiysonge CS, Machingaidze S, Thabane L, Horsnell WGC, Zar HJ, Nicol MP, Kaba M. Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions on Fecal Bacterial Patterns and Their Association with Asthma. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:838. [PMID: 27445990 PMCID: PMC4925717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shantelle Claassen-Weitz
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles S Wiysonge
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityCape Town, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research CouncilCape Town, South Africa
| | - Shingai Machingaidze
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster UniversityOntario, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'SulliVan Research CentreOntario, Canada
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; Red Cross War Memorial Children's HospitalCape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark P Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur HospitalCape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
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Prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and risk of asthma and allergy in their offspring: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2016; 26:16021. [PMID: 27196620 PMCID: PMC4872518 DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Korpela K, Salonen A, Virta LJ, Kekkonen RA, Forslund K, Bork P, de Vos WM. Intestinal microbiome is related to lifetime antibiotic use in Finnish pre-school children. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10410. [PMID: 26811868 PMCID: PMC4737757 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life antibiotic use is associated with increased risk for metabolic and immunological diseases, and mouse studies indicate a causal role of the disrupted microbiome. However, little is known about the impacts of antibiotics on the developing microbiome of children. Here we use phylogenetics, metagenomics and individual antibiotic purchase records to show that macrolide use in 2–7 year-old Finnish children (N=142; sampled at two time points) is associated with a long-lasting shift in microbiota composition and metabolism. The shift includes depletion of Actinobacteria, increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, decrease in bile-salt hydrolase and increase in macrolide resistance. Furthermore, macrolide use in early life is associated with increased risk of asthma and predisposes to antibiotic-associated weight gain. Overweight and asthmatic children have distinct microbiota compositions. Penicillins leave a weaker mark on the microbiota than macrolides. Our results support the idea that, without compromising clinical practice, the impact on the intestinal microbiota should be considered when prescribing antibiotics. The impact of antibiotics on the microbiome and health of children is poorly understood. Here, Korpela et al. study the gut microbiome of 142 children and show that the use of macrolides, but not penicillins, is associated with long-lasting shifts in microbiota composition and increased risk of asthma and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Korpela
- Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Virta
- Research Department, Social Insurance Institution, Turku, Peltolantie 3, 20720, Finland
| | | | - Kristoffer Forslund
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, PO Box 1022.40, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, PO Box 1022.40, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Groer MW, Gregory KE, Louis-Jacques A, Thibeau S, Walker WA. The very low birth weight infant microbiome and childhood health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:252-64. [PMID: 26663857 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review describes current understandings about the nature of the very low birth weight infant (VLBW) gut microbiome. VLBW infants often experience disruptive pregnancies and births, and prenatal factors can influence the maturity of the gut and immune system, and disturb microbial balance and succession. Many VLBWs experience rapid vaginal or Caesarean births. After birth these infants often have delays in enteral feeding, and many receive little or no mother's own milk. Furthermore the stressors of neonatal life in the hospital environment, common use of antibiotics, invasive procedures and maternal separation can contribute to dysbiosis. These infants experience gastrointestinal dysfunction, sepsis, transfusions, necrotizing enterocolitis, oxygen toxicity, and other pathophysiological conditions that affect the normal microbiota. The skin is susceptible to dysbiosis, due to its fragility and contact with NICU organisms. Dysbiosis in early life may resolve but little is known about the timing of the development of the signature gut microbiome in VLBWs. Dysbiosis has been associated with a number of physical and behavioral problems, including autism spectrum disorders, allergy and asthma, gastrointestinal disease, obesity, depression, and anxiety. Dysbiosis may be prevented or ameliorated in part by prenatal care, breast milk feeding, skin to skin contact, use of antibiotics only when necessary, and vigilance during infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen W Groer
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa, Florida
| | - Katherine E Gregory
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nursing, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adetola Louis-Jacques
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Popovic M, Rusconi F, Zugna D, Galassi C, Merletti F, Migliore E, Trevisan M, Nannelli T, Gagliardi L, Richiardi L. Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and wheezing in infancy: a birth cohort study. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:810-7. [PMID: 26647436 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00315-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of prenatal antibiotic exposure in the development of childhood wheezing is debated. We evaluated whether this association could potentially be explained by confounding factors.Antibiotic use in the first and third trimester of pregnancy, wheezing in children aged ≤18 months and confounding factors were assessed in singletons participating in the NINFEA (Nascita e Infanzia: gli Effetti dell'Ambiente) birth cohort (n=3530 for first-trimester exposure and n=3985 for third-trimester exposure).There was no evidence of an association between antibiotic exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and ever-wheezing (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.02, 95% CI 0.80-1.30) or recurrent wheezing (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.54-1.82). For the third-trimester exposure, the crude RRs (95% CI) of ever-wheezing and recurrent wheezing were 1.34 (1.10-1.64) and 2.72 (1.80-4.11), respectively, which decreased to 1.12 (0.90-1.39) and 2.09 (1.32-3.29) after adjustment. The RRs of wheezing after genitourinary infections during pregnancy were increased independently of antibiotic treatment.In conclusion, the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and infant wheezing could be largely explained by confounding factors, in particular respiratory infections during pregnancy. An excess risk of wheezing after antibiotic exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy remains after adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Popovic
- Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Rusconi
- Unit of Epidemiology, "Anna Meyer" Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Merletti
- Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nannelli
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Gagliardi
- Dept of Woman and Child Health, Paediatrics and Neonatology Division, Ospedale Versilia, Viareggio, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Zhao D, Su H, Cheng J, Wang X, Xie M, Li K, Wen L, Yang H. Prenatal antibiotic use and risk of childhood wheeze/asthma: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:756-64. [PMID: 26126682 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing body of knowledge suggests that antibiotic use during pregnancy was inconsistently associated with childhood wheeze/asthma. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to antibiotic during pregnancy could increase the risk for childhood wheeze/asthma using a comprehensive meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched for studies up to September 10, 2014, and additional studies were found by searching reference lists of relevant articles. For this meta-analysis, cohort studies and case-control studies assessing the association between antibiotic use during pregnancy and risk of childhood wheeze/asthma were included. Extracted data were mainly pooled using random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). RESULTS Ten studies were identified in final analysis. Pooling analysis of these studies showed an OR of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.13-1.27) for wheeze/asthma. After excluding case-control studies and prospective studies without achieving high scores on the NOS, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.11-1.26). We found the risk of antibiotic use and pooled ORs of wheeze/asthma were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.92-1.29) for the first trimester, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.01-1.29) for the second trimester, and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.11-1.60) for the third trimester, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheeze/asthma in childhood. Besides, the risk of developing wheeze/asthma in childhood was marked during last two trimesters of pregnancy. Future studies of large-size and prospective cohorts which adequately address concerns for confounder bias are needed to examine the relationship between antibiotic use and risk of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kesheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Barfod KK, Vrankx K, Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Hansen JS, Hougaard KS, Larsen ST, Ouwenhand AC, Krogfelt KA. The Murine Lung Microbiome Changes During Lung Inflammation and Intranasal Vancomycin Treatment. Open Microbiol J 2015; 9:167-79. [PMID: 26668669 PMCID: PMC4676059 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most microbiome research related to airway diseases has focused on the gut microbiome. This is despite advances
in culture independent microbial identification techniques revealing that even healthy lungs possess a unique dynamic
microbiome. This conceptual change raises the question; if lung diseases could be causally linked to local dysbiosis
of the local lung microbiota. Here, we manipulate the murine lung and gut microbiome, in order to show that the lung microbiota
can be changed experimentally. We have used four different approaches: lung inflammation by exposure to carbon
nano-tube particles, oral probiotics and oral or intranasal exposure to the antibiotic vancomycin. Bacterial DNA was
extracted from broncho-alveolar and nasal lavage fluids, caecum samples and compared by DGGE. Our results show that:
the lung microbiota is sex dependent and not just a reflection of the gut microbiota, and that induced inflammation can
change lung microbiota. This change is not transferred to offspring. Oral probiotics in adult mice do not change lung microbiome
detectible by DGGE. Nasal vancomycin can change the lung microbiome preferentially, while oral exposure
does not. These observations should be considered in future studies of the causal relationship between lung microbiota
and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katleen Vrankx
- Applied Maths, Keistraat 120, 9830 Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
| | | | - Jitka Stilund Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark
| | - Søren Thor Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark
| | - Arthur C Ouwenhand
- Active Nutrition, Dupont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik Finland
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Abstract
Millions of microorganisms inhabit the human body and affect its homeostasis in multiple ways. Alterations in this microbial community have implications for the health and survival of the human hosts. It is believed that these microorganisms should be included as part of the human genome because of their influence on human physiology hence the term "microbiome" is commonly used to refer to these microbes along with their genetic make-up and their environmental interactions. In this article we attempt to provide an insight into this recently discovered vital organ of the human body which is yet to be fully explored. We herein discuss the composition and role of microbiome in human health and disease with a special emphasis in children and culture-independent techniques employed in mapping of the microbiome. Alteration in the gut microbiome has been associated with causation of several paediatric diseases like infantile colic, necrotizing enterocolitis, asthma, atopy, obesity, type -1 diabetes, and autism. Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis have also been associated with changes in the cutaneous microbiome. Respiratory microbial imbalances during infancy have been linked with wheezing and bronchial asthma. Dysbiosis in the regional microbiome has been linked with caries, periodontitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. The future therapeutic implications of this rapidly evolving area of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Khanna Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Dewan
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Slifierz MJ, Friendship RM, Weese JS. Longitudinal study of the early-life fecal and nasal microbiotas of the domestic pig. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:184. [PMID: 26391877 PMCID: PMC4578254 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease susceptibility. However, knowledge of the early-age microbiota of pigs is lacking. The purpose of this study was to use high-throughput next-generation sequencing to characterize the fecal and nasal microbiotas of pigs during early life. Results Ten commercially-raised pigs were randomly enrolled at birth and sampled throughout the first 7 weeks of life. DNA was extracted from fecal and nasal samples and the hypervariable region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The product was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and 2 × 250 chemistry. Sequencing data was processed and analyzed with the mothur algorithms using an operational taxonomic unit approach. In total, 4.7 million and 5.4 million high-quality sequences were recovered from fecal and nasal samples, respectively. Analysis revealed that these microbiotas contain a very rich and diverse population of bacteria that display a remarkable evolution during the first 7 weeks of life. During this developmental period, a pig was exposed to an average of 1,976 and 6,257 species of bacteria by way of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. Aging was significantly associated with an increasing measure of richness and diversity as well as with distinct changes to the core microbiota. At 2–3 weeks post-weaning, the rapidly developing microbiotas appeared to reach a developmental milestone as a relative degree of stability was evident. Conclusions Pigs are exposed to an incredibly rich and diverse mixture of bacteria during early-life as demonstrated by next-generation sequencing methodology. These findings expand the knowledge of the developing porcine microbiota which is important for understanding susceptibility to disease, particularly for vulnerable neonatal pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0512-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Saeedi P, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Imani Fooladi AA. The transient but not resident (TBNR) microbiome: a Yin Yang model for lung immune system. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:451-61. [PMID: 26307905 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of microbial content of the lung is still controversial. What make this more complicated are controversial results obtaining from different methodologies about lung microbiome and the definition of "lung sterility". Lungs may have very low bacteria but are not completely germ-free. Bacteria are constantly entering from the upper respiratory tract, but are then quickly being cleared. We can find bacterial DNA in the lungs, but it is much harder to ask about living bacteria. Here, we propose that if there is any trafficking of the microorganisms in the lung, it should be a "Transient But Not Resident (TBNR)" model. So, we speculate a "Yin Yang model" for the lung immune system and TBNR. Despite beneficial roles of microbiome on the development of lung immune system, any disruption and alteration in the microbiota composition of upper and lower airways may trigger or lead to several diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mustard lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Salimian
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- a Applied Microbiology Research Center and
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Fetal programming of overweight through the microbiome: boys are disproportionately affected. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 7:25-34. [PMID: 26118444 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal and childhood obesity in pregnancy are worrisome public health issues facing our world today. New gene sequencing methods have advanced our knowledge of the disruptive effect of birth interventions and postnatal exposures on the maturation of gut microbiota and immunity during infancy. Yet, little is known about the impact of maternal pregnancy overweight on gut microbes and related processes, and how this may affect overweight risk in offspring. To address this gap in knowledge, we surveyed human studies for evidence in children, infants and pregnant women to piece together the limited literature and generate hypotheses for future investigation. From this literature, we learned that higher Lactobacillus yet lower Bacteroides spp. colonization of gut microbiota within 3 months of birth predicted risk for infant and child overweight. The abundance of bifidobacteria and staphylococci also appeared to play a role in the association with overweight, as did infant fecal immunoglobulin A levels, glycoproteins of the gut immune system that are acquired from breast milk and produced by the infant. We proposed that pregnancy overweight influences the compositional structure of gut microbiota in infants through vertical transfer of microbiota and/or their metabolites during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. Finally, we brought forward emerging evidence on sex dimorphism, as well as ethnic and geographic variation, in reported associations between maternal overweight-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and overweight risk.
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Smith-Norowitz TA, Bluth MH. Probiotics and diseases of altered IgE regulation: A short review. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:136-40. [PMID: 25975426 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics has gained considerable popularity in the marketplace in the US and has been steadily increasing due to consumer interest in potential treatment of various diseases, which may be due to modulation of immune responses. The aim of this review is to present information from representative studies regarding some of the possible applications and clinical effects of probiotic use in diseases of altered immunoglobulin (IgE) regulation (allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) and food sensitization). Reports in humans are sparse or controversial; there is currently little reliable scientific data that supports the theory that there exists a cause-effect relationship between taking probiotics and alleviation of allergic disease. Unfortunately, these findings are too variable to allow substantial conclusions as to the efficacy and effectiveness of probiotic use in these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A Smith-Norowitz
- a Department of Pediatrics , State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA and
| | - Martin H Bluth
- b Department of Pathology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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Abstract
The development, existence, and functioning of numerous animals and plants depend on their symbiotic interactions with other organisms, mainly microorganisms. In return, the symbionts benefit from safe habitats and nutrient-rich environments provided by their hosts. In these interactions, genetic changes in either of the partners may provide fitness advantages and become subjects to natural selection. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic changes, heritable or within the organism's life time, in either of the partners play significant roles in the establishment of symbiotic relationships. In this review, a variety of epigenetic effects underlying the most common host-symbiont interactions will be examined to determine to what extent these effects are shared in various interactions and how the epigenetic pathways could possibly be manipulated to benefit the interacting symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Azad MB, Konya T, Guttman DS, Field CJ, Sears MR, HayGlass KT, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Becker AB, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Infant gut microbiota and food sensitization: associations in the first year of life. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:632-43. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Azad
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Public Health; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - T. Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - D. S. Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - C. J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - M. R. Sears
- Department of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - K. T. HayGlass
- Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - P. J. Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Public Health; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - S. E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute; BC Children's Hospital; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - P. Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - J. A. Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. L. Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Public Health; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
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The Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Anorexia Nervosa and During Renourishment: Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:969-81. [PMID: 26428446 PMCID: PMC4643361 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relevance of the microbe-gut-brain axis to psychopathology is of interest in anorexia nervosa (AN), as the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in metabolic function and weight regulation. METHODS We characterized the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in AN, using stool samples collected at inpatient admission (T1; n = 16) and discharge (T2; n = 10). At T1, participants completed the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Patients with AN were compared with healthy individuals who participated in a previous study (healthy comparison group; HCG). Genomic DNA was isolated from stool samples, and bacterial composition was characterized by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing results were processed by the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline. We compared T1 versus T2 samples, samples from both points were compared with HCG (n = 12), and associations between psychopathology and T1 samples were explored. RESULTS In patients with AN, significant changes emerged between T1 and T2 in taxa abundance and beta (between-sample) diversity. Patients with AN had significantly lower alpha (within-sample) diversity than did HCG at both T1 (p = .0001) and T2 (p = .016), and differences in taxa abundance were found between AN patients and HCG. Levels of depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology at T1 were associated with composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of an intestinal dysbiosis in AN and an association between mood and the enteric microbiota in this patient population. Future directions include mechanistic investigations of the microbe-gut-brain axis in animal models and association of microbial measures with metabolic changes and recovery indices.
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Guglani L, Joseph CL. Asthma and diet: could food be thy medicine? Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:21-22. [PMID: 25638178 PMCID: PMC4864955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Guglani
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Michigan and Wayne State University School of Medicine; and #Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI, USA.
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48
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The infant microbiome development: mom matters. Trends Mol Med 2014; 21:109-17. [PMID: 25578246 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The infant microbiome plays an essential role in human health and its assembly is determined by maternal-offspring exchanges of microbiota. This process is affected by several practices, including Cesarean section (C-section), perinatal antibiotics, and formula feeding, that have been linked to increased risks of metabolic and immune diseases. Here we review recent knowledge about the impacts on infant microbiome assembly, discuss preventive and restorative strategies to ameliorate the effects of these impacts, and highlight where research is needed to advance this field and improve the health of future generations.
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Gaffin JM, Kanchongkittiphon W, Phipatanakul W. Reprint of: Perinatal and early childhood environmental factors influencing allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:337-46. [PMID: 25308874 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. While hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. Great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. METHODS We reviewed the recent medical literature for important studies discussing the role of the perinatal and early childhood exposures and the inception of childhood asthma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Early life exposure to allergens (house dust mite (HDM), furred pets, cockroach, rodent and mold), air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM)) and viral respiratory tract infections (Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV)) has been implicated in the development of asthma in high risk children. Conversely, exposure to microbial diversity in the perinatal period may diminish the development of atopy and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gaffin JM, Kanchongkittiphon W, Phipatanakul W. Perinatal and early childhood environmental factors influencing allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:21-30. [PMID: 24952205 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. While hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. Great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. METHODS We reviewed the recent medical literature for important studies discussing the role of the perinatal and early childhood exposures and the inception of childhood asthma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Early life exposure to allergens (house dust mite (HDM), furred pets, cockroach, rodent and mold), air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM)) and viral respiratory tract infections (Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (hRV)) has been implicated in the development of asthma in high risk children. Conversely, exposure to microbial diversity in the perinatal period may diminish the development of atopy and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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