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Eguchi T, Niiyama S, Kamikokuryo C, Madokoro Y, Shimono K, Hara S, Ichinose H, Kakihana Y. Comparative Study of Blood Neopterin and Biopterins in Patients with COVID-19 and Secondary Bacterial Infection. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4365. [PMID: 39124632 PMCID: PMC11312689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: As COVID-19 can be severe, early predictive markers of both severity and onset of secondary bacterial infections are needed. This study first examined changes over time in the levels of plasma neopterin (NP) and biopterins (BPs), among others, in patients with COVID-19 and then in those with secondary bacterial infection complications. Methods: Fifty-two patients with COVID-19 admitted to two tertiary care centers were included. They were divided into a severe group (intubated + mechanical ventilation) (n = 10) and a moderate group (non-intubated + oxygen administration) (n = 42), and changes over time in plasma NP, plasma BPs, IFN-γ, lymphocyte count, CRP, and IL-6 were investigated. Four of the patients in the severe group (n = 10) developed secondary bacterial infections during treatment. Plasma NP and plasma BPs of patients with bacterial sepsis (no viral infection) (n = 25) were also examined. Results: The plasma NP, IL-6, CRP, and SOFA levels were significantly higher in the severe group, while the IFN-γ level and lymphocyte count were significantly lower. The higher plasma NP in the severe group persisted only up to 1 week after symptom onset. The plasma BPs were higher in complications of bacterial infection. Conclusions: The timing of sample collection is important for assessing severity through plasma NP, while plasma BPs may be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying the development of secondary bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism by which NP and BPs, which are involved in the same biosynthetic pathway, are differentially activated depending on the type of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Eguchi
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan
| | - Shuhei Niiyama
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
| | - Chinatsu Kamikokuryo
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
| | - Yutaro Madokoro
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
| | - Kenshin Shimono
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Life Science Research for Emergency Intensive Care, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kakihana
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (T.E.)
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2
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Gürcü S, Irmak Kaya Z, Uncu A, Yorulmaz G, Ilgin S. Evaluation of serum neopterin levels in severe COVID-19 patients: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38996. [PMID: 39058886 PMCID: PMC11272344 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a massive inflammatory response is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory markers are prognostic indicators of disease severity and the ultimate clinical outcome. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between serum levels of neopterin, which can be an immune system marker, disease severity, and poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of neopterin in conjunction with routinely measured inflammatory markers in patients with severe COVID-19. Serum neopterin, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin levels, and complete blood count were determined in 39 patients with severe COVID-19 and 30 healthy individuals. Demographic characteristics, serum neopterin levels, and other laboratory data were compared between patients and healthy volunteers and statistically analyzed. High neopterin levels were observed in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, albumin levels were decreased, while CRP levels were increased in patients, statistically significantly. Also, positive correlations were shown between serum neopterin levels and serum CRP levels, while negative correlations were shown between serum neopterin levels and serum albumin levels. Systemic inflammation markers, CRP/albumin ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher, while lymphocyte/monocyte ratio was also significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19 than in healthy volunteers. However, serum neopterin levels were not linked to the CRP/albumin ratio, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, or the platelet/lymphocyte ratio. On the other hand, they were linked negatively to the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio. Our findings highlight the association between high neopterin levels and patients with severe COVID-19. Neopterin is correlated with traditional inflammatory biomarkers and may indicate general immune and inflammatory activation in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gürcü
- Department of Pharmacy, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Irmak Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Eskişehir Health Application and Research Center, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ali Uncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences Eskişehir Health Application and Research Center, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yorulmaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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3
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Hanin A, Muscal E, Hirsch LJ. Second-line immunotherapy in new onset refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1203-1223. [PMID: 38430119 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence suggest immune dysregulation could trigger the onset and modulate sequelae of new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), including its subtype with prior fever known as febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). Consensus-driven recommendations have been established to guide the initiation of first- and second-line immunotherapies in these patients. Here, we review the literature to date on second-line immunotherapy for NORSE/FIRES, presenting results from 28 case reports and series describing the use of anakinra, tocilizumab, or intrathecal dexamethasone in 75 patients with NORSE. Among them, 52 patients were managed with anakinra, 21 with tocilizumab, and eight with intrathecal dexamethasone. Most had elevated serum or cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels at treatment initiation. Treatments were predominantly initiated during the acute phase of the disease (92%) and resulted, within the first 2 weeks, in seizure control for up to 73% of patients with anakinra, 70% with tocilizumab, and 50% with intrathecal dexamethasone. Cytokine levels decreased after treatment for most patients. Anakinra and intrathecal dexamethasone were mainly initiated in children with FIRES, whereas tocilizumab was more frequently prescribed for adults, with or without a prior febrile infection. There was no clear correlation between the response to treatment and the time to initiate the treatment. Most patients experienced long-term disability and drug-resistant post-NORSE epilepsy. Initiation of second-line immunotherapies during status epilepticus (SE) had no clear effect on the emergence of post-NORSE epilepsy or long-term functional outcomes. In a small number of cases, the initiation of anakinra or tocilizumab several years after SE onset resulted in a reduction of seizure frequency for 67% of patients. These data highlight the potential utility of anakinra, tocilizumab, and intrathecal dexamethasone in patients with NORSE. There continues to be interest in the utilization of early cytokine measurements to guide treatment selection and response. Prospective studies are necessary to understand the role of early immunomodulation and its associations with epilepsy and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hanin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Epilepsy Unit and Clinical Neurophysiology Department, DMU Neurosciences 6, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eyal Muscal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lawrence J Hirsch
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Lodge S, Litton E, Gray N, Ryan M, Millet O, Fear M, Raby E, Currie A, Wood F, Holmes E, Wist J, Nicholson JK. Stratification of Sepsis Patients on Admission into the Intensive Care Unit According to Differential Plasma Metabolic Phenotypes. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1328-1340. [PMID: 38513133 PMCID: PMC11002934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of patients with sepsis or septic shock is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. UPLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy were used to measure panels of lipoproteins, lipids, biogenic amines, amino acids, and tryptophan pathway metabolites in blood plasma samples collected from 152 patients within 48 h of admission into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where 62 patients had no sepsis, 71 patients had sepsis, and 19 patients had septic shock. Patients with sepsis or septic shock had higher concentrations of neopterin and lower levels of HDL cholesterol and phospholipid particles in comparison to nonsepsis patients. Septic shock could be differentiated from sepsis patients based on different concentrations of 10 lipids, including significantly lower concentrations of five phosphatidylcholine species, three cholesterol esters, one dihydroceramide, and one phosphatidylethanolamine. The Supramolecular Phospholipid Composite (SPC) was reduced in all ICU patients, while the composite markers of acute phase glycoproteins were increased in the sepsis and septic shock patients within 48 h admission into ICU. We show that the plasma metabolic phenotype obtained within 48 h of ICU admission is diagnostic for the presence of sepsis and that septic shock can be differentiated from sepsis based on the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lodge
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Litton
- Intensive
Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Intensive
Care Unit, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA 6009, Australia
- School
of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Monique Ryan
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision
Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC
bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico
de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Mark Fear
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Raby
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- School
of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Wesfarmers
Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona Wood
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Burns
service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, U.K.
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and
Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and
Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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El-Deeb W, Abdelghani MA, Alhaider A, Al-Hammadi M, Gomaa N, Venugopala K, Fayez M. Exploring oxidative stress, immunological and metabolic biomarkers in dairy cows with postpartum pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14559. [PMID: 38591742 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyometra is a prevalent and severe infectious disease that affects the reproductive systems of cattle worldwide. This study's main goal was to investigate the biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS), adiponectin, leptin and neopterin (NPT) in cows suffering from postpartum pyometra. The study also aimed to determine which bacteria were most commonly implicated in the development of the disease. A total of 74 cows with pyometra were examined and compared to a control group of healthy cows (n = 20). In comparison to the healthy control and post-treatment groups, the pyometra group showed higher mean values of leptin, adiponectin and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mean values were lower in the pyometra group as compared to the post-treatment and control groups. NPT levels in the post-treatment groups were lower than those in cows with pyometra but comparable to the healthy control group (p > .05). When compared to the other biomarkers, NPT, leptin and adiponectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity in identifying pyometra cases (AUC ≥0.99). The predominant bacterial isolates from the ptomtra-affected cows consisted of Escherichia coli (N = 29; 39.2%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (N = 27; 36.5%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (N = 13; 17.6%). Mixed infection was determined in nine samples (12.2%). Conclusively, OS, adiponectin, leptin and NPT play crucial roles in comprehending the development of postpartum pyometra in cows and have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdelghani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alhaider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa Gomaa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Dülgeroğlu Y, Ercan M. Biological variation of serum neopterin concentrations in apparently healthy individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:706-712. [PMID: 37882748 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine the biological variation (BV), reference change value (RCV), index of individuality (II), and quality specifications for serum neopterin concentrations; a measurand provided by clinical laboratories as an indicator of cellular immunity. METHODS The study delivered serum samples collected for 10 consecutive weeks from 12 apparently healthy individuals (3 male, 9 female). Serum neopterin concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The data analysis was performed using an online statistical tool and addressed published criteria for estimation of biological variation. RESULTS The mean neopterin concentration was 5.26 nmol/L. The within-subject biological variation (CVI) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) of neopterin serum concentrations was 11.54 % (9.98-13.59), and the between-subject biological variation (CVG) with 95 % CI was 43.27 % (30.52-73.67). The neopterin asymmetrical RCV was -24.9 %/+33.1 %, and the II was 0.27. The desirable quality specifications for neopterin were <5.77 % for precision, <11.20 % for bias, and <20.72 % for total allowable error (TEa). When analytical variation was used instead of CVI to calculate TEa, the desirable TEa was <18.39. CONCLUSIONS This study determined BV data for neopterin, an indicator of cell-mediated immune response. Asymmetric RCV values, of 24.9 % decrease or a 33.1 % increase between consecutive measurements indicate significant change. The II of 0.27 indicates a high degree of individuality, therefore that it is appropriate to consider the use of personal reference data and significance of change rather than the reference interval as points of reference for the evaluation of neopterin serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Dülgeroğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Yenisehir State Hospital, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Müjgan Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkiye
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Rim S, Vedøy OB, Brønstad I, McCann A, Meyer K, Steinsland H, Hanevik K. Inflammation, the kynurenines, and mucosal injury during human experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:2. [PMID: 38430452 PMCID: PMC10908629 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children and travelers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. ETEC is a non-invasive gut pathogen colonizing the small intestinal wall before secreting diarrhea-inducing enterotoxins. We sought to investigate the impact of ETEC infection on local and systemic host defenses by examining plasma markers of inflammation and mucosal injury as well as kynurenine pathway metabolites. Plasma samples from 21 volunteers experimentally infected with ETEC were collected before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after ingesting the ETEC dose, and grouped based on the level of intestinal ETEC proliferation: 14 volunteers experienced substantial proliferation (SP) and 7 had low proliferation (LP). Plasma markers of inflammation, kynurenine pathway metabolites, and related cofactors (vitamins B2 and B6) were quantified using targeted mass spectrometry, whereas ELISA was used to quantify the mucosal injury markers, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3a), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (iFABP). We observed increased concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR), and Reg3a in the SP group following dose ingestion. Vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal, decreased over time in the SP group. CRP, SAA, and pyridoxic acid ratio correlated with ETEC proliferation levels. The changes following experimental ETEC infection indicate that ETEC, despite causing a non-invasive infection, induces systemic inflammation and mucosal injury when proliferating substantially, even in cases without diarrhea. It is conceivable that ETEC infections, especially when repeated, contribute to negative health impacts on children in ETEC endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Rim
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Oda Barth Vedøy
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Brønstad
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Hans Steinsland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, National Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Hoeggerl AD, Nunhofer V, Lauth W, Badstuber N, Held N, Zimmermann G, Grabmer C, Weidner L, Jungbauer C, Lindlbauer N, Neureiter H, Ortner T, Flamm M, Osterbrink J, Rohde E, Laner-Plamberger S. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is not causative for post-COVID-19-syndrome in individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 disease course. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:800. [PMID: 37968601 PMCID: PMC10652630 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-COVID-19-Syndrome (PCS) frequently occurs after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the understanding of causative mechanisms is still limited. Aim of this study was to determine the PCS rate among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive blood donors as representatives of supposedly healthy adults, who had experienced an asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease course, and to examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reactivated in individuals reporting PCS. METHODS The PCS rate was determined using questionnaires that included questions about infection and persistent symptoms. Pre-pandemic blood samples and samples collected at regular, pre-defined times after a SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed for neopterin, a marker for antiviral immune responses, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N total antibodies using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect EBV DNA and ECLIA screening for EBV viral capsid-antigen (VCA) IgM, IgG and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA) IgG were performed. RESULTS Our data reveal that 18% of all infections result in PCS, with symptoms lasting for up to one year. In individuals reporting PCS, no elevated levels of neopterin were detected, indicating no persisting pro-inflammatory, antiviral immune response. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were declining in all participants in comparable manner over time, pointing to a successful virus clearance. In individuals with PCS, no EBV DNA could be detected. Furthermore, no differences in EBV specific antibody levels could be shown in PCS groups compared to non-PCS groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PCS in per se healthy, immunocompetent adults cannot be ascribed to a reactivation of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Domnica Hoeggerl
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Verena Nunhofer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Wanda Lauth
- Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, IDA Lab Salzburg, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 16, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Research and Innovation Management, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 16, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Natalie Badstuber
- Department of Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nina Held
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, IDA Lab Salzburg, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 16, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Research and Innovation Management, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 16, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Christoph Grabmer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Lisa Weidner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, Wiedner Hauptstraße 32, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Nadja Lindlbauer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Heidrun Neureiter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Tuulia Ortner
- Department of Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Flamm
- Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Jürgen Osterbrink
- Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg, PMU Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg, Müllner-Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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Krčmová LK, Matoušová K, Javorská L, Šmahel P, Skála M, Koblížek V, Škop J, Turoňová D, Gančarčíková M, Melichar B. Neopterin and kynurenine in serum and urine as prognostic biomarkers in hospitalized patients with delta and omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2053-2064. [PMID: 37285602 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, no biomarker or scoring system could clearly identify patients at risk of progression to a severe coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Even in patients with known risk factors, the fulminant course cannot be predicted with certainty. Analysis of commonly determined clinical parameters (frailty score, age, or body mass index) together with routine biomarkers of host response (C-reactive protein and viral nucleocapsid protein) in combination with new biomarkers neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan, could aid in predicting the patient outcome. METHODS In 2021 and 2022, urine and serum samples were prospectively collected on 1st to 4th day after hospital admission in 108 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Delta and omicron virus variants were studied. Neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan were determined by liquid chromatography. RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between urinary and serum biomarker concentrations. Urinary and serum neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in patients who subsequently needed oxygen therapy vs. patients without oxygen therapy. These parameters were also significantly increased in patients who died during the hospitalization compared to survivors. Complex equations have been derived using the investigated biomarkers and other clinical or laboratory parameters to predict the risk of subsequent oxygen therapy or death during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Present data demonstrate that neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in the serum or in the urine represent promising biomarkers in the management of COVID-19 that may help to guide important therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmahel
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Skála
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Koblížek
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Turoňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Gančarčíková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Bayraktar N, Eren MA, Bayraktar M, Öztürk A, Erdoğdu H. Analysis of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, neopterin and Nesfatin-1 levels in the sera of Hashimoto patients. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:460-468. [PMID: 37790207 PMCID: PMC10542705 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-40683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland and may present as goiter or atrophic thyroiditis that may result in various metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in serum levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, neopterin, and nesfatin-1 parameters in HT patients and to evaluate the possible relationship among these parameters. Methods 90 HT patients and 30 healthy individuals were included in this study. Demographic data of the patients included in the study were recorded and detailed physical examinations were performed. IL-17, IL-23, neopterin, and nesfatin-1 levels were measured in the serum samples of the participants by the ELISA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihayet Bayraktar
- Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Eren
- Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bayraktar
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Öztürk
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Hamza Erdoğdu
- Harran University, Faculty of Business Administration, Department of Statistics, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Dale RC, Thomas T, Patel S, Han VX, Kothur K, Troedson C, Gupta S, Gill D, Malone S, Waak M, Calvert S, Subramanian G, Andrews PI, Kandula T, Menezes MP, Ardern‐Holmes S, Mohammad S, Bandodkar S, Yan J. CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in FIRES and other infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1417-1432. [PMID: 37340737 PMCID: PMC10424664 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES) are potentially devastating neuroinflammatory conditions. Although some ITES syndromes have recognisable MRI neuroimaging phenotypes, there are otherwise few biomarkers of disease. Early detection to enable immune modulatory treatments could improve outcomes. METHODS We measured CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. The CSF of 18 children with ITES were compared with acute encephalitis (n = 20), and three control groups, namely epilepsy (n = 20), status epilepticus (n = 18) and neurogenetic controls (n = 20). RESULTS The main ITES phenotypes in 18 patients were acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion (AESD, n = 4), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES n = 4) and other ITES phenotypes. Influenza A was the most common infectious trigger (n = 5), and 50% of patients had a preceding notable neurodevelopmental or family history. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine were elevated in ITES group compared to the three control groups (all p < 0.0002). The ROC (area under curve) for CSF neopterin (99.3%, CI 98.1-100) was significantly better than CSF pleocytosis (87.3% CI 76.4-98.2) (p = 0.028). Elevated CSF neopterin could discriminate ITES from other causes of seizures, status epilepticus and febrile status epilepticus (all p < 0.0002). The elevated CSF metabolites normalised during longitudinal testing in two patients with FIRES. INTERPRETATION CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic metabolites. This CSF metabolomic inflammatory panel can discriminate ITES from other causes of new onset seizures or status epilepticus, and rapid results (4 h) may facilitate early immune modulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C. Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Terrence Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology ServiceKK Women's and Children's HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Velda X. Han
- Khoo Teck Puat‐National University Children's Medical InstituteNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Deepak Gill
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephen Malone
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michaela Waak
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sophie Calvert
- Department of NeuroscienceQueensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gopinath Subramanian
- Department of PaediatricsJohn Hunter Children's HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - P. Ian Andrews
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital NetworkSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tejaswi Kandula
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital NetworkSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Manoj P. Menezes
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simone Ardern‐Holmes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at WestmeadThe University of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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12
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Leveque C, Mrakic Sposta S, Theunissen S, Germonpré P, Lambrechts K, Vezzoli A, Gussoni M, Levenez M, Lafère P, Guerrero F, Balestra C. Oxidative Stress Response Kinetics after 60 Minutes at Different Levels (10% or 15%) of Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10188. [PMID: 37373334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic responses of hypoxic breathing for 1 h to inspired fractions of 10% and 15% oxygen were investigated. To this end, 14 healthy nonsmoking subjects (6 females and 8 males, age: 32.2 ± 13.3 years old (mean ± SD), height: 169.1 ± 9.9 cm, and weight: 61.6 ± 16.2 kg) volunteered for the study. Blood samples were taken before, and at 30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after a 1 h hypoxic exposure. The level of oxidative stress was evaluated by considering reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammation by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neopterin, while antioxidant systems were observed in terms of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and urates. Hypoxia abruptly and rapidly increased ROS, while TAC showed a U-shape pattern, with a nadir between 30 min and 2 h. The regulation of ROS and NOx could be explained by the antioxidant action of uric acid and creatinine. The kinetics of ROS allowed for the stimulation of the immune system translated by an increase in neopterin, IL-6, and NOx. This study provides insights into the mechanisms through which acute hypoxia affects various bodily functions and how the body sets up the protective mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Leveque
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Simona Mrakic Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Sigrid Theunissen
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Germonpré
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Hyperbaric Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Maristella Gussoni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta", National Research Council (SCITEC-CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Levenez
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lafère
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Guerrero
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Motor Sciences Department, Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Kreyer M, Behringer V, Deimel C, Fruth B. Neopterin Levels in Bonobos Vary Seasonally and Reflect Symptomatic Respiratory Infections. ECOHEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10393-023-01633-y. [PMID: 37184594 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As environmental changes exacerbate the threat coming from infectious diseases in wild mammal species, monitoring their health and gaining a better understanding of the immune functioning at the species level have become critically important. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infections. We investigated the variation of urinary neopterin (uNeo) levels of wild, habituated bonobos (Pan paniscus) in relation to individual and environmental factors. We used 309 urine samples collected between 2010 and 2018 at the LuiKotale field site, DRC. Based on current knowledge on zoo-housed conspecifics and closely related species, we predicted uNeo levels to increase (1) during infections, (2) with increasing age, (3) over the gestation period and in estrous females; and (4) to vary seasonally. Our results showed uNeo levels varied over a one-year period and increased in individuals showing respiratory symptoms. Contrary to chimpanzees, uNeo levels did not vary with age or female reproductive status, possibly due to our small sample size. Our study provides a baseline for a better understanding of bonobo's immunocompetence in the context of socio-ecological pressures and for monitoring the health of wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Kreyer
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 a, 78467, Constance, Germany.
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Deimel
- Research Group Evolutionary Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 a, 78467, Constance, Germany
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Determination of Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044105. [PMID: 36835517 PMCID: PMC9961774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers can provide critical information about cancer and many other diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for recognising biomarkers is an essential direction in bioanalytical chemistry. Recently molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been applied in analytical systems to determine biomarkers. This article aims to an overview of MIPs used for the detection of cancer biomarkers, namely: prostate cancer (PSA), breast cancer (CA15-3, HER-2), epithelial ovarian cancer (CA-125), hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP), and small molecule cancer biomarkers (5-HIAA and neopterin). These cancer biomarkers may be found in tumours, blood, urine, faeces, or other body fluids or tissues. The determination of low concentrations of biomarkers in these complex matrices is technically challenging. The overviewed studies used MIP-based biosensors to assess natural or artificial samples such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine. Molecular imprinting technology and MIP-based sensor creation principles are outlined. Analytical signal determination methods and the nature and chemical structure of the imprinted polymers are discussed. Based on the reviewed biosensors, the results are compared, and the most suitable materials for each biomarker are discussed.
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15
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Zhao JL, Wang ZY, Li SJ, Ma HK, Liu X, Zhan XW, Niu WW, Shen P. The efficacy of haemoperfusion combined with continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration in the treatment of severe viral encephalitis in children. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:21. [PMID: 36793135 PMCID: PMC9930290 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the efficacy of the integrated blood purification mode of early haemoperfusion (HP) combined with continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in children with severe viral encephalitis, and evaluated the correlation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin (NPT) levels with prognosis. METHODS The records of children with viral encephalitis who received blood purification treatment in the authors' hospital from September 2019 to February 2022 were retrospectively analysed. According to the blood purification treatment mode, they were divided into the experimental group (HP + CVVHDF, 18 cases), control group A (CVVHDF only, 14 cases), and control group B (16 children with mild viral encephalitis who did not receive blood purification treatment). The correlation between the clinical features, severity of the disease and the extent of lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the CSF NPT levels was analysed. RESULTS The experimental group and control group A were comparable with respect to age, gender and hospital course (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in speech and swallowing functions between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05) and no significant difference in 7 and 14-day mortality (P > 0.05). The CSF NPT levels in the experimental group before treatment were significantly higher compared with control group B (P < 0.05). The extent of brain MRI lesions correlated positively with CSF NPT levels (P < 0.05). In the experimental group (14 cases), the serum NPT levels decreased after treatment, whereas the CSF NPT levels increased after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Dysphagia and motor dysfunction correlated positively with CSF NPT levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Early HP combined with CVVHDF in the treatment of severe viral encephalitis in children may be a better approach than CVVHDF only for improving prognosis. Higher CSF NPT levels indicated the likelihood of a more severe brain injury and a greater possibility of residual neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Zhao
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100, Henan Province, China.
| | - He-Kai Ma
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Xue Liu
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhan
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Wei-Wei Niu
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
| | - Peng Shen
- grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 of Jiankang Road, Weihui, 453100 Henan Province China
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Blankson SO, Rietmeyer L, Tettey P, Dikroh L, Tornyigah B, Adamou R, Moussiliou A, Padounou C, Amoussou A, Mensah BA, Alao MJ, Awandare G, Ndam NT, Roussilhon C, Tahar R. High Plasma Levels of Neopterin Are Associated with Increased Mortality among Children with Severe Malaria in Benin. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030528. [PMID: 36766633 PMCID: PMC9914932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the barriers to accessing adequate treatment and high-level monitoring for malaria febrile patients is the lack of effective prognostic markers. Neopterin, which is a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation, was found have increased during severe malaria. In this study, we used quantitative ELISA in order to assess the levels of plasma soluble neopterin in 151 patients from a cohort of Beninese children with severe malaria. We evaluated the prognostic accuracy of this molecule in order to predict the outcome of the disease. Our results show that neopterin levels were not significantly different between patients with different forms of severe malaria, including severe non-cerebral malaria (SNCM) and cerebral malaria (CM). However, the levels of this molecule were found to be higher in patients with severe malarial anemia (SMA) among both CM and SNCM cases (p-value = 0.02). Additionally, the levels of this molecule were found to be higher in patients who died from these pathologies compared to those who survived among the two clinical groups (p-value < 0.0001) and within the same group (p-value < 0.0001 for the CM group, p-value = 0.0046 for the SNCM group). The AUC-ROC for fatality among all the severe cases was 0.77 with a 95%CI of (0.69-0.85). These results suggest that plasma neopterin levels constitute a potential biomarker for predicting fatality among severe falciparum malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Odarkwei Blankson
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | | | - Patrick Tettey
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | - Liliane Dikroh
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | - Bernard Tornyigah
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | - Rafiou Adamou
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Calavi, Benin
| | | | | | - Annick Amoussou
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Suruléré (CHU-Suruléré), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Benedicta Ayiedu Mensah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | - Maroufou J. Alao
- Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère-Enfant la Lagune (CHUMEL), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Gordon Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | - Nicaise Tuikue Ndam
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
| | | | - Rachida Tahar
- MERIT, IRD, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +331-70-64-94-33
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Schneider-Crease IA, Feder JA, Baniel A, McCann C, Haile AA, Abebe B, Fitzgerald L, Gomery MA, Simberloff RA, Petrie ZL, Gabriel S, Dorny P, Fashing PJ, Nguyen N, Bergman TJ, Beehner JC, Snyder-Mackler N, Lu A. Urinary neopterin reflects immunological variation associated with age, helminth parasitism, and the microbiome in a wild primate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21307. [PMID: 36494454 PMCID: PMC9734142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neopterin, a product of activated white blood cells, is a marker of nonspecific inflammation that can capture variation in immune investment or disease-related immune activity and can be collected noninvasively in urine. Mounting studies in wildlife point to lifetime patterns in neopterin related to immune development, aging, and certain diseases, but rarely are studies able to assess whether neopterin can capture multiple concurrent dimensions of health and disease in a single system. We assessed the relationship between urinary neopterin stored on filter paper and multiple metrics of health and disease in wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada), primates endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. We tested whether neopterin captures age-related variation in inflammation arising from developing immunity in infancy and chronic inflammation in old age, inflammation related to intramuscular tapeworm infection, helminth-induced anti-inflammatory immunomodulation, and perturbations in the gastrointestinal microbiome. We found that neopterin had a U-shaped relationship with age, no association with larval tapeworm infection, a negative relationship with metrics related to gastrointestinal helminth infection, and a negative relationship with microbial diversity. Together with growing research on neopterin and specific diseases, our results demonstrate that urinary neopterin can be a powerful tool for assessing multiple dimensions of health and disease in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- India A Schneider-Crease
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Jacob A Feder
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alice Baniel
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Colleen McCann
- Department of Mammals, Bronx Zoo, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Belayneh Abebe
- African Wildlife Foundation, Simien Mountains Landscape Conservation and Management Project, Debark, Ethiopia
| | | | - Megan A Gomery
- Simien Mountains Gelada Research Project, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Ruth A Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sarah Gabriel
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter J Fashing
- Department of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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18
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Insights into Molecular Structure of Pterins Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315222. [PMID: 36499560 PMCID: PMC9737128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are an inseparable part of living organisms. Pterins participate in metabolic reactions mostly as tetrahydropterins. Dihydropterins are usually intermediates of these reactions, whereas oxidized pterins can be biomarkers of diseases. In this review, we analyze the available data on the quantum chemistry of unconjugated pterins as well as their photonics. This gives a comprehensive overview about the electronic structure of pterins and offers some benefits for biomedicine applications: (1) one can affect the enzymatic reactions of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, NO synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase through UV irradiation of H4pterins since UV provokes electron donor reactions of H4pterins; (2) the emission properties of H2pterins and oxidized pterins can be used in fluorescence diagnostics; (3) two-photon absorption (TPA) should be used in such pterin-related infrared therapy because single-photon absorption in the UV range is inefficient and scatters in vivo; (4) one can affect pathogen organisms through TPA excitation of H4pterin cofactors, such as the molybdenum cofactor, leading to its detachment from proteins and subsequent oxidation; (5) metal nanostructures can be used for the UV-vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy detection of pterin biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated both the biochemistry and physical chemistry of pterins and suggested some potential prospects for pterin-related biomedicine.
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Cooper EB, Watowich MM, Beeby N, Whalen C, Montague MJ, Brent LJN, Snyder-Mackler N, Higham JP. Concentrations of urinary neopterin, but not suPAR, positively correlate with age in rhesus macaques. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1007052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers of age-related changes in immune system functioning that can be measured non-invasively is a significant step in progressing research on immunosenescence and inflammaging in free-ranging and wild animal populations. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the suitability of two urinary compounds, neopterin and suPAR, as biomarkers of age-related changes in immune activation and inflammation in a free-ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) population. We also investigated age-associated variation in gene transcription from blood samples to understand the underlying proximate mechanisms that drive age-related changes in urinary neopterin or suPAR. Neopterin was significantly positively correlated with age, and had a moderate within-individual repeatability, indicating it is applicable as a biomarker of age-related changes. The age-related changes in urinary neopterin are not apparently driven by an age-related increase in the primary signaler of neopterin, IFN-y, but may be driven instead by an age-related increase in both CD14+ and CD14− monocytes. suPAR was not correlated with age, and had low repeatability within-individuals, indicating that it is likely better suited to measure acute inflammation rather than chronic age-related increases in inflammation (i.e., “inflammaging”). Neopterin and suPAR had a correlation of 25%, indicating that they likely often signal different processes, which if disentangled could provide a nuanced picture of immune-system function and inflammation when measured in tandem.
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20
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Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Elevated neopterin in tuberculosis and co-infection with HIV and the effect of treatment: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109147. [PMID: 35973370 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neopterin (NEO) is a marker of immune stimulation. Increased NEO levels have been associated with autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies. Studies of NEO alterations in tuberculosis (TB) with or without HIV co-infection show inconsistent results. Moreover, challenges exist regarding TB diagnosis in people with HIV. METHODS We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing urinary, pleural, and blood NEO levels between patients with TB or HIV-TB co-infection as the case group and subjects without TB and HIV or subjects with HIV without TB as the control group, respectively. RESULTS Blood NEO levels in patients with active TB were higher than healthy controls, with a large effect size of 1.99. Patients with TB had higher blood NEO levels before anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) than after ATT for months or when treatment ended with moderate effect sizes (1.13-1.46). meta-analysis of studies of patients with HIV-TB co-infection yielded similar results, with higher blood NEO levels in patients than controls that remained significant in subgroups of studies on pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and serum NEO and higher blood NEO levels in patients before than after ATT. CONCLUSION Meta-analyses reveal alteration in NEO levels in different specimens, e.g., blood, urine, and pleural fluid, in patients with TB with or HIV-TB co-infection compared to the control groups. Future studies need to investigate the utility of NEO as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for TB. Also, cellular and molecular mechanisms linking NEO and TB remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Sahin Tekin M, Kocaturk E, Gurcu S, Kayadibi H, Dibeklioglu B, Yorulmaz G. Cellular Immunity In Subacute Thyroiditis: A New Perspective Through Neopterin. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:109-114. [PMID: 35576515 PMCID: PMC9307230 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. Although its etiology is not fully understood, it is believed to occur shortly after viral infections and is mostly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*35. Cellular immunity is prominent in SAT. Neopterin is produced by activated monocytes/macrophages and is a marker of cellular immunity. Its production is stimulated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ), provided mainly by activated helper T lymphocytes type 1 (Th1) in the adaptive immune system. Therefore, with these cells' activation, an increase in serum neopterin levels is expected. We aimed to evaluate neopterin levels in demonstrating cellular immunity in SAT and compared 15 SAT patients with 16 healthy controls. Since all SAT patients were in the active thyrotoxic phase, we found a significant difference in thyroid functions, classical inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were markedly elevated in the patient group. Although we expected to find an increase considering that cellular immunity is at the forefront in the pathogenesis of SAT, we found serum neopterin levels significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. There is an increase in CD8+ T cells in the thyroid tissue in SAT. The possible relationship with HLA-B*35- MHC class I in SAT, and the antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells may be the reason why we observed low serum neopterin levels in patients due to the cytokine imbalance. Neopterin provides unique and independent data from classical acute phase response indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Sahin Tekin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Evin Kocaturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Gurcu
- Department of Pharmacy, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Dibeklioglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Goknur Yorulmaz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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22
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The Nephroprotective Effects of α-Bisabolol in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040842. [PMID: 35453592 PMCID: PMC9032774 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) treatment has been long associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) through mechanisms involving inflammation and oxidative stress. α-Bisabolol (BIS), a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from the essential oil of various plants, including chamomile, has garnered popularity lately due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Therefore, we investigated the nephroprotective effects of BIS in the murine model of CP-induced AKI and the underlying mechanism of action. BALB/c mice were given BIS orally at 25 mg/kg for 7 days. On day 7, they were given a single dose of CP at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. BIS treatment continued for 3 more days. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment (day 11). Kidneys, plasma, and urine were collected, and subsequently, various physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters were assessed. BIS has significantly normalized the alterations of water intake, urine volume, relative kidney weight, and the concentrations of urea and creatinine, as well as the creatinine clearance induced by CP treatment. BIS significantly mitigated the effects of CP-induced kidney injury by reducing kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, adiponectin, and cystatin C. Likewise, the renal concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β that were elevated in CP group were significantly reduced in mice treated with BIS and CP. A similar significant reduction was also observed in the CP-induced augmented levels of markers of oxidative stress, as well as the metabolite pteridine. Moreover, BIS significantly reduced the CP–induced renal DNA damage, and markedly lessened the acute tubular necrosis observed in kidney histology. Additionally, BIS significantly reduced the CP-induced increase in the phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the kidney. These data strongly suggest that BIS exerts a protective action against CP-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of NFκB activation. No overt adverse effects were noted with BIS treatment. Additional investigations should be done to consider BIS as an efficacious nephroprotective agent against CP.
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23
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Saloner R, Savini N, Letendre SL, Moore DJ, Montoya JL. Neopterin Relates to Lifetime Depression in Older Adults With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:454-461. [PMID: 35202052 PMCID: PMC8887782 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of depression in persons with HIV (PWH). Neopterin, a biomarker of HIV-related immune activation that partially normalizes with antiretroviral therapy (ART), correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical depressive symptoms in persons without HIV and acutely infected, young PWH. The sensitivity of neopterin, however, to both lifetime and current depression is poorly understood in older PWH on suppressive ART. METHODS Participants were 70 PWH and 35 persons without HIV (HIV-) who were at least 50 years old and completed standardized neurobehavioral and neuromedical assessments. Depressive symptoms in the past 2 weeks, measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and lifetime MDD diagnoses, defined as meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for a depressive episode at any point in one's lifetime, were separately modeled as a function of plasma neopterin levels in the full sample and by HIV serostatus. RESULTS Compared with HIV- adults, PWH had higher neopterin levels (P < 0.001) and BDI-II scores (P < 0.01) and were more likely to have lifetime MDD (P < 0.01). Higher neopterin related to lifetime MDD, but only in PWH, even after controlling for clinically relevant comorbidities and treatment factors in logistic regression (odds ratio = 3.11, P = 0.002). Higher neopterin correlated with higher BDI-II scores in the full sample (rs = 0.25; P = 0.010), but not within either group (PWH: rs = 0.03, P = 0.819; HIV-: rs = 0.09, P = 0.588). CONCLUSION Neopterin was associated with lifetime MDD, but not current depressive symptoms in older PWH on suppressive ART. This may reflect a legacy of inflammation-related disruptions to amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, similar to prior observations. Identification of biopsychosocial and resilience factors underlying the null association between neopterin and current depression in older PWH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Saloner
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Natalie Savini
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Scott L. Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David J. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jessica L. Montoya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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24
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Rasmi Y, Heidari N, Kübra Kırboğa K, Hatamkhani S, Tekin B, Alipour S, Naderi R, Farnamian Y, Akca I. The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:1-12. [PMID: 35307400 PMCID: PMC8929545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], has rapidly evolved into a global health emergency. Neopterin [NPT], produced by macrophages when stimulated with interferon [IFN-]gamma, is an essential cytokine in the antiviral immune response. NPT has been used as a marker for the early assessment of disease severity in different diseases. The leading cause of NPT production is the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-. Macrophage activation has also been revealed to be linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate the importance of NPT in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting NPT in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be critical in the early prediction of disease progression and provision of timely management of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nadia Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Burcu Tekin
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahryar Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Cell, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Farnamian
- Student research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ilknur Akca
- Mersin University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin, Turkey
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25
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Souza FDS, Freitas NL, Gomes YCP, Torres R, Echevarria-Lima J, da Silva-Filho IL, Leite ACB, de Lima MASD, da Silva MT, Araújo ADQC, Espíndola OM. Following the Clues: Usefulness of Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in the Investigation of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737941. [PMID: 34764955 PMCID: PMC8576432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurodegenerative disease due to axonal damage of the corticospinal secondary to an inflammatory response against infected T-cells. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the definition of HAM/TSP prognosis. Neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated heavy (pNfH) chains, total Tau protein, cellular prion protein (PrPc), inflammatory chemokines, and neopterin were quantified in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from HAM/TSP patients (n=21), HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (AC) (n=13), and HTLV-1 seronegative individuals with non-inflammatory non-degenerative neurological disease (normal-pressure hydrocephalus) (n=9) as a control group. HTLV-1 proviral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of chemokine receptors CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3 in infected CD4+ T-cells (HTLV-1 Tax+ cells) were also assessed. CSF levels of Tau, NfL, and pNfH were similar between groups, but PrPc and neopterin were elevated in HAM/TSP patients. Most individuals in the control group and all HTLV-1 AC had CSF/serum neopterin ratio < 1.0, and two-thirds of HAM/TSP patients had ratio values > 1.0, which positively correlated with the speed of disease progression and pNfH levels, indicating active neuroinflammation. HAM/TSP patients showed high serum levels of CXCR3-binding chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) and elevated CSF levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL17, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Indeed, CXCL10 concentration in CSF of HAM/TSP patients was 5.8-fold and 8.7-fold higher in than in HTLV-1 AC and controls, respectively, and correlated with CSF cell counts. HAM/TSP patients with typical/rapid disease progression had CSF/serum CXCL10 ratio > 1.0 and a higher frequency of CXCR3+Tax+CD4+ T-cells in blood, which indicated a positive gradient for the migration of infected cells and infiltration into the central nervous system. In conclusion, the slow progression of HAM/TSP abrogates the usefulness of biomarkers of neuronal injury for the disease prognosis. Thus, markers of inflammation provide stronger evidence for HAM/TSP progression, particularly the CSF/serum neopterin ratio, which may contribute to overcome differences between laboratory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Seção de Imunodiagnóstico, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicole Lardini Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yago Côrtes Pinheiro Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Torres
- Plataforma de Imunoanálises, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Citometria de Fluxo, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isaac Lima da Silva-Filho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Celestino Bezerra Leite
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Sales Dantas de Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tulius Teixeira da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Abelardo de Queiroz Campos Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (INDC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otávio Melo Espíndola
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Hess JM, Stephensen CB, Kratz M, Bolling BW. Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1S-13S. [PMID: 34632478 PMCID: PMC8502778 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic chronic inflammation may be a contributing factor to many noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. With the rapid rise of these conditions, identifying the causes of and treatment for chronic inflammation is an important research priority, especially with regard to modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet. An emerging body of evidence indicates that consuming certain foods, including dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, may be linked to a decreased risk for inflammation. To discuss both broader research on diet and inflammation as well as research on links between individual foods and inflammation, the National Dairy Council sponsored a satellite session entitled "Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies" at the American Society for Nutrition's 2020 LIVE ONLINE Conference. This article, a review based on the topics discussed during that session, explores the links between diet and inflammation, focusing most closely on the relations between intake of dairy fat and dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, and biomarkers of inflammation from clinical trials. While there is currently insufficient evidence to prove an "anti-inflammatory" effect of dairy foods, the substantial body of clinical research discussed in this review indicates that dairy foods do not increase concentrations of biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Food Science, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Chauvin M, Larsen M, Quirant B, Quentric P, Dorgham K, Royer L, Vallet H, Guihot A, Combadière B, Combadière C, Barallat J, Mayaux J, Luyt CE, Mathian A, Amoura Z, Boddaert J, Armestar F, Gorochov G, Martinez-Caceres E, Sauce D. Elevated Neopterin Levels Predict Fatal Outcome in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:709893. [PMID: 34497777 PMCID: PMC8419218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.709893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlights Innate immune activation during Covid-19 infection is associated with pernicious clinical outcome. Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a worldwide threat that has already caused more than 3 000 000 deaths. It is characterized by different patterns of disease evolution depending on host factors among which old-age and pre-existing comorbidities play a detrimental role. Previous coronavirus epidemics, notably SARS-CoV, were associated with increased serum neopterin levels, which can be interpreted as a sign of acute innate immunity in response to viral infection. Here we hypothesize that neopterin may serve as a biomarker of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Covid-19 disease severity. Methods We measured neopterin blood levels by ELISA. Seric concentration was quantified from 256 healthy donors and 374 Covid-19 patients at hospital admission. Enrolled Covid-19 patients were all symptomatic and displayed a large spectrum of comorbidities. Patients were followed until disease resolution or death. Results Severe and critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were characterized by a profound exacerbation of immune activation characterized by elevated neopterin blood levels. Systemic neopterin levels above 19nM stratified healthy individuals from Covid-19 patients with 87% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Moreover, systemic neopterin levels above 53nM differentiated non-survivors from survivors with 64% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Conclusion We propose that neopterin concentration measured at arrival to hospital is a hallmark of severe Covid-19 and identifies a high-risk population of pernicious clinical outcome with a need for special medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chauvin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bibiana Quirant
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Paul Quentric
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Royer
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Gériatrie Aigue, Paris, France
| | - Amelie Guihot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Béhazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jaume Barallat
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julien Mayaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne-Université, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Mathian
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Gériatrie, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Armestar
- Critical Care Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
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28
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Sanajou S, Şahin G. Mechanistic Biomarkers in Toxicology. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:376-384. [PMID: 34157829 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are important parameters that are reliable, applicable, reproducible, and generally inexpensive. All biomarkers have a significant role in human health, especially mechanistic biomarkers, which are the most important for the prevention of toxic effects and diseases. They demonstrate the possibility of diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence, and spread of disease. Furthermore, they show the exposure levels to numerous chemical, biological, and physical agents. To date, the development and application of biomarkers require the knowledge of mechanisms underlying their production. Therefore, the present study focused on the possible mechanistic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanajou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Gönül Şahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
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29
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Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:354. [PMID: 34106342 PMCID: PMC8187137 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine how neopterin, procalcitonin, biochemical and hematological parameters change during treatment of calves with neonatal sepsis. A total of 25 calves divided into two groups. Sepsis group was composed of 15 newborn calves aged 0–10 days which met neonatal sepsis criteria, but did not receive any treatment. Control group included 10 healthy calves aged 0–10 days. Clinical examinations (respiratory rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, capillary refill time, sucking reflex) were performed at certain times before (0th h) and during (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72th h) the treatment. The blood was taken from the jugular vein from the sepsis group before (0th h) and during the treatment (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd h) and once from the control group. Procalcitonin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were found as 178.08 ± 2.4 (pg/mL) and 42.78 ± 1.25 (pg/mL), respectively (p < 0.001). Neopterin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were determined as 14.44 ± 0.30 (ng/mL) and 3.63 ± 0.29 (ng/mL), respectively (p < 0.001). As a result, neopterin and procalcitonin concentration decreased along with the treatment, confirming the presence of sepsis in calves and suggesting that sepsis could be a prognostic indicator. Therefore, both procalcitonin and neopterin can be prognostic and diagnostic in calves with sepsis.
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30
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Hautala N, Partanen T, Kubin AM, Kauma H, Hautala T. Central Nervous System and Ocular Manifestations in Puumala Hantavirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1040. [PMID: 34072819 PMCID: PMC8229408 DOI: 10.3390/v13061040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), carried and spread by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), causes a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) called nephropathia epidemica (NE). Acute high fever, acute kidney injury (AKI), thrombocytopenia, and hematuria are typical features of this syndrome. In addition, headache, blurred vision, insomnia, vertigo, and nausea are commonly associated with the disease. This review explores the mechanisms and presentations of ocular and central nervous system involvement in acute NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hautala
- Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90029 Oulu, Finland; (N.H.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Terhi Partanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Anna-Maria Kubin
- Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90029 Oulu, Finland; (N.H.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Heikki Kauma
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Timo Hautala
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (T.P.); (H.K.)
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90029 Oulu, Finland
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31
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Szymańska B, Marchewka Z, Knysz B, Piwowar A. Selected biochemical parameters in the urine of HIV-infected patients in monitoring of kidney function. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1289-1302. [PMID: 37732028 PMCID: PMC10507753 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For years, there has been an increase in the number of cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Renal dysfunction can be caused by direct effects of HIV on the kidneys but also of applied combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore there is a need of renal function diagnosis to monitor the development of kidney disturbances. In this study the urinary levels of selected low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) in HIV-infected patients were measured and related to current CD4+ T lymphocyte (LT CD4+) count, the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value and the applied cART. Material and methods The levels of 5 LMWP - kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), glutathione S-transferase α (GST-α) and π (GST-π) isoenzymes and neopterin (NPT) - in urine were measured in HIV-infected patients and healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Taking into account the current LT CD4+ count, KIM-1, NGAL and GST-α showed statistically significant differences between groups with the CD4+ count < 500 and ≥ 500 cells (< 0.001). Depending on the eGFR, apart from KIM-1 and NGAL, NPT showed statistically significant differences in the investigated groups with normal and lower eGFR values (< 0.001). In terms of applied cART, the best parameters in the assessment of kidney damage were NGAL, GST-π and NPT (< 0.001). Conclusions This research shows that the analyzed LMWP parameters are useful in the assessment of kidney damage in HIV patients during cART, especially NPT, NGAL and GST-π. However, future studies should be conducted on larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Szymańska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Marchewka
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Brygida Knysz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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32
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Negrey JD, Behringer V, Langergraber KE, Deschner T. Urinary neopterin of wild chimpanzees indicates that cell-mediated immune activity varies by age, sex, and female reproductive status. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9298. [PMID: 33927233 PMCID: PMC8085242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of free-living animal populations is necessary to understand life history trade-offs associated with immune investment. To investigate the role of life history strategies in shaping proinflammatory cell-mediated immune function, we analyzed age, sex, and reproductive status as predictors of urinary neopterin in 70 sexually mature chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. In the absence of clinical signs of acute infectious disease, neopterin levels significantly increased with age in both male and female chimpanzees, as observed in humans and several other vertebrate species. Furthermore, males exhibited higher neopterin levels than females across adulthood. Finally, females with full sexual swellings, pregnant females, and post-reproductive females, the oldest individuals in our sample, exhibited higher neopterin levels than lactating females and cycling females without full swellings. Variation in females' neopterin levels by reproductive status is consistent with post-ovulatory and pregnancy-related immune patterns documented in humans. Together, our results provide evidence of ample variation in chimpanzee immune activity corresponding to biodemographic and physiological variation. Future studies comparing immune activity across ecological conditions and social systems are essential for understanding the life histories of primates and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin E Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Interim Group Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Nedeva I, Gateva A, Assyov Y, Karamfilova V, Velikova T, Kamenov Z. Neopterin in the Evolution from Obesity to Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:249-255. [PMID: 33599536 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neopterin, marker of cellular immunity and oxidative stress, is mainly produced by activated macrophages. It could play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating levels of neopterin in different stages of glucose dysregulation from obesity through prediabetes to newly diagnosed diabetes. Methods: Neopterin levels were determined using a commercially available human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The homeostasis model assessment of IR was used as an index to assess IR. Results: The sample consisted of 163 subjects with mean age 52.5 ± 11.3 years, divided in three age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched groups-obesity, prediabetes, and diabetes. The control group consisted of 42 healthy individuals. Neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with obesity and/or prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes than those in the control group, respectively (4.14 ± 2.51; 4.04 ± 2.80 and 2.17 ± 1.93 vs. 0.87 ± 0.84; P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of neopterin positively correlated with BMI, waist, waist-to-stature ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, and triglycerides. Receiver operating characteristic analysis established neopterin suitable for distinguishing subjects with obesity [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83; P < 0.001] and carbohydrate disturbances (AUC = 0.59; P < 0.05) from those without these conditions. Neopterin ≥0.47 ng/mL have an odds ratio (OR) of 2.71 for development of dysglycemia, whereas threshold value of neopterin ≥0.56 ng/mL shows an OR of 5.94 for development of obesity. Conclusion: The levels of neopterin were increased in patients with obesity and carbohydrate disturbances. Further studies will elucidate the role of the biomarker in development of T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Nedeva
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Alexandrovska," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta Gateva
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Alexandrovska," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Assyov
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Alexandrovska," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Karamfilova
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Alexandrovska," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Lozenetz," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital "Alexandrovska," Sofia, Bulgaria
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Relationship between guanosine triphosphate pathway and tetrahydrobiopterin in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1391-1396. [PMID: 33520842 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The present study assesses the change in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), one of the most important products in the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) pathway and in other parameters that might affect nitric oxide (NO) production, in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The study included 100 healthy pregnant women and 100 women diagnosed with GDM. Serum levels of neopterin, BH4 and NO were measured. The levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCHI/GTPCH) gene expression were determined. Results It was found that diabetes led to an increase in neopterin and NO levels, and a decrease in BH4 levels. A stimulation was observed in eNOS gene expression in the GDM group when compared to the control group, while GCHI levels were found to decrease when compared to the control group. iNOS gene expression was detected in neither the healthy controls nor the patient group. Conclusions Decreased NO bioavailability plays an important role in the progression of such macrovascular diseases as diabetes. BH4 levels decrease in diabetes patients, while the increased gene expression of GCHI reverses the diabetes-related BH4 deficiency and allows the endothelial cells to regain their ability to produce NO. Since GCHI is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of BH4, changes in GCHI levels directly affect the BH4 levels and the NO metabolism, leading to an increased risk of macrovascular complications. The significant increase in neopterin levels suggest that this is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of GDM.
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Hailemichael W, Kiros M, Akelew Y, Getu S, Andualem H. Neopterin: A Promising Candidate Biomarker for Severe COVID-19. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:245-251. [PMID: 33564258 PMCID: PMC7866915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s290264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has rapidly spread across the world since its first emergence in China in late 2019. It is a major public health concern with no effective treatct 3ments. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is also associated with the severity of the disease in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Neopterin is a macrophage activation marker produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin is a well-established marker in a variety of diseases, and recent evidence indicates that it could be helpful in early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 disease and serve as a prognostic marker. Here, we outline the role of macrophage activation syndrome in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that neopterin could be used as a biomarker for progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasihun Hailemichael
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kiros
- Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getu
- Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Sperk M, Mikaeloff F, Svensson-Akusjärvi S, Krishnan S, Ponnan SM, Ambikan AT, Nowak P, Sönnerborg A, Neogi U. Distinct lipid profile, low-level inflammation, and increased antioxidant defense signature in HIV-1 elite control status. iScience 2021; 24:102111. [PMID: 33659876 PMCID: PMC7892918 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) are a rare but heterogeneous group of HIV-1-infected individuals who can suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The mechanisms of how EC achieve undetectable viral loads remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate host plasma metabolomics and targeted plasma proteomics in a Swedish HIV-1 cohort including EC and treatment-naïve viremic progressors (VP) as well as HIV-negative individuals (HC) to get insights into EC phenotype. Metabolites belonging to antioxidant defense had higher levels in EC relative to VP, whereas inflammation markers were increased in VP compared with EC. Only four plasma proteins (CCL4, CCL7, CCL20, and NOS3) were increased in EC compared with HC, and CCL20/CCR6 axis can play an essential role in EC status. Our study suggests that low-level inflammation and oxidative stress at physiological levels could be important factors contributing to elite control phenotype. Increased acylcholine as unique HIV-1 positive elite controllers (EC) feature Physiological oxidative stress and inflammation profile in EC Increased in CCL4, CCL7, CCL20, and NOS3 in EC compared with HIV-ve control CCR6-CCL20-dependent anti-HIV mechanism can play an essential role in EC status
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Sperk
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson-Akusjärvi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Sivasankaran Munusamy Ponnan
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Anoop T Ambikan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, I73, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, I73, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14152, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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37
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The potential role of neopterin in Covid-19: a new perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4161-4166. [PMID: 34319496 PMCID: PMC8317144 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neopterin (NPT) is a member of pteridines group, synthesized by macrophages when stimulated by interferon gamma (INF-γ). NPT is regarded as a macrophage stimulation indicator, marker of cellular immune activation and T helper 1 (Th1) type 1 immune response. Here, we aimed to provide a view point on the NPT features and role in Covid-19. Serum NPT level is regarded as an independent prognostic factor for Covid-19 severity, with levels starting to increase from the 3rd day of SARS-CoV-2 infection, being associated with severe dyspnea, longer hospitalization period and complications. Also, early raise of NPT reflects monocytes/macrophages activation before antibody immune response, despite the NPT level may also remain high in Covid-19 patients or at the end of incubation period before the onset of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, NPT attenuates the activity of macrophage foam cells and is linked to endothelial inflammation through inhibition of adhesion molecules and monocytes migration. However, NPT also exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasomes. NPT can be viewed as a protective compensatory mechanism to counterpoise hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, and associated organ damage.
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Zafari P, Golpour M, Hafezi N, Bashash D, Esmaeili SA, Tavakolinia N, Rafiei A. Tuberculosis comorbidity with rheumatoid arthritis: Gene signatures, associated biomarkers, and screening. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:26-39. [PMID: 33217772 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to be related to an elevated risk of infections because of its pathobiology and the use of immunosuppressive therapies. Reactivation of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is a serious issue in patients with RA, especially after receiving anti-TNFs therapy. TNF blocking reinforces the TB granuloma formation and maintenance and the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). After intercurrent of TB infection, the standard recommendation is that the treatment with TNF inhibitors to be withheld despite its impressive effect on suppression of inflammation until the infection has resolved. Knowing pathways and mechanisms that are common between two diseases might help to find the mechanistic basis of this comorbidity, as well as provide us a new approach to apply them as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers. Also, screening for latent TB before initiation of an anti-TNF therapy can minimize complications. This review summarizes the shared gene signature between TB and RA and discusses the biomarkers for early detection of this infection, and screening procedures as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Hafezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ozger HS, Dizbay M, Corbacioglu SK, Aysert P, Demirbas Z, Tunccan OG, Hizel K, Bozdayi G, Caglar K. The prognostic role of neopterin in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1520-1525. [PMID: 32860465 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases, hyper inflammation is associated with the severity of the disease. High levels of circulating cytokines were reported in severe COVID-19 patients. Neopterin produced by macrophages on stimulation with interferon-gamma, which is an important cytokine in the antiviral immune response, hence it can be used to predict the severity of disease in COVID-19 cases. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prognostic value of the neopterin for the prediction of severe disease in patients with COVID-19. This single-center, prospective study was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers. Severe and mild COVID-19 cases were compared in terms of clinical and laboratory findings as well as serum neopterin levels on hospital admission. To assess the prognostic utility of neopterin between the severe and mild COVID-19 groups, a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The median serum neopterin level was four times higher in COVID-19 patients than the healthy controls (46 vs. 12 nmol/L; p < .001). The AUC value of serum neopterin was 0.914 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.97). The sensitivity and specificity of serum neopterin for the cut-off value of 90 nmol/L to identify severe COVID-19 cases were 100% and 76%, respectively. Serum neopterin levels on hospitalization were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 disease than mild COVID-19 patients. Neopterin levels can be used as an early prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Selcuk Ozger
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Dizbay
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Pinar Aysert
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Demirbas
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Guzel Tunccan
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Emergency Department, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kenan Hizel
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulendam Bozdayi
- Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Caglar
- Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Emergency Department, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ashfaq A, Ejaz A, Ahmed FK, Un Nisa N, Langhani S, Riffat S, Ariff M. Serum Neopterin Is Not Influenced by Age and Blood Group of Transfusion-Transmitted Infection Negative Blood Donors. Cureus 2020; 12:e9636. [PMID: 32923237 PMCID: PMC7480777 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To measure serum neopterin levels in blood donors of the local population and to study its relationship with age and blood group of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) negative blood donors. Methodology This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College (LNMC), Karachi, Pakistan, in collaboration with the Basic Medical Sciences Institute and Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC). Data were collected from January 2018 to July 2018. A total of 174 blood donors participated in the study, who were selected by using a random sampling technique. They were screened through the standard procedures used for screening at the JPMC blood bank for TTIs as per the World Health Organization recommendations. Serum neopterin was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square and ANOVA (analysis of variance) were applied, and tests of significance were kept as P < 0.05. Results Neopterin level in the serum of TTI-positive blood donors was 15.1 ± 4.59 nmol/L, which was above the normal range and cutoff value of 10 nmol/L, whereas the neopterin level in the serum of TTI-negative blood donors was 6.1 ± 1.82 nmol/L (P = 0.001). In TTI-negative blood donors, the neopterin levels were within normal limits and were not influenced by age and blood groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Serum neopterin levels did not report any significant difference in terms of age and blood group of TTI-negative blood donors and were seen to be within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ashfaq
- Physiology, Liaquat National Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ayesha Ejaz
- Nephrology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fareena Khalil Ahmed
- Physiology, Sir Syed College of Medical and Dental Sciences for Girls, Karachi, PAK
| | - Noor Un Nisa
- Physiology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Sumaira Riffat
- Physiology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Madiha Ariff
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Wakabayashi I, Nakanishi M, Ohki M, Suehiro A, Uchida K. A simple and useful method for evaluation of oxidative stress in vivo by spectrofluorometric estimation of urinary pteridines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11223. [PMID: 32641855 PMCID: PMC7343776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pteridine derivatives are intermediate metabolites of folic acid and its cofactors. Oxidized-form pteridines, but not reduced-form pteridines, are fluorescent substances. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether oxidized-form pteridine level in urine, estimated by spectrofluorometry, reflects oxidative stress in vivo. The subjects were healthy middle-aged men (n = 258). Urinary pteridine level was estimated by spectrofluorometry with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 450 nm. Relationships of urinary pteridines with oxidative stress markers (urinary DNA/RNA oxidation products and 15-isoprostane F2t) and with smoking were analyzed. Concentrations of pteridines, DNA/RNA oxidation products and 15-isoprostane F2t were used after logarithmic transformation in linear analyses. Pteridine levels were significantly correlated with levels of DNA/RNA oxidation products (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.626, p < 0.01) and 15-isoprostane F2t (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.695, p < 0.01). These correlations were not confounded by age, body mass index, history of smoking and estimated glomerular filtration rate in multivariate analysis. The mean urinary pteridine level was significantly higher in heavy smokers (16 cigarettes or more per day) than in nonsmokers and light smokers (less than 16 cigarettes per day) and was higher in light smokers than in nonsmokers. Thus, urinary fluorometric pteridine levels were shown to be associated with known biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as smoking, which causes oxidative stress in vivo. We propose spectrofluorometrical estimation of urinary pteridines as a simple and useful method for evaluation of oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Makoto Ohki
- Mibyoumarker Laboratory Co., Ltd., Osaka, 530-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Suehiro
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Hyogo, 650-8530, Japan
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Dąbrowski R, Wdowiak A, Szczubiał M, Krakowski L, Brodzki P, Bochniarz M, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes in interferon-gamma and neopterin in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy as elective spay or as treatment of pyometra. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:230-234. [PMID: 32801459 PMCID: PMC7301675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and neopterin (Np) in dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical treatment and to compare these concentrations to healthy dogs admitted for elective spay. The effects of the surgical procedure were also evaluated by measuring these markers in both groups of dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy. Our study indicates that pre-surgery concentrations of INF-γ (57.4 ± 26.0 pg/mL) and Np (5.6 ± 0.8 nmol/L) in healthy dogs were significantly lower compared to dogs with pyometra (124.3 ± 87.6 pg/mL for INF-γ; 7.0 ± 1.5 nmol/L for Np) (P < 0.05 in both cases). Furthermore, Np was lower in dogs with pyometra 3 days after surgery compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). During the post-operative period, INF-γ showed no statistically significant changes in any of the groups, while Np showed lower serum concentration on day 3 than on day 0 in the pyometra group (P < 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was detected between serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np. These results indicate that pyometra causes alterations in serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np in female dogs compared to physiological levels before surgery and during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Leszek Krakowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) may be infected by several agents, resulting in different presentations and outcomes. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers could be helpful to differentiate specific conditions and setting an appropriate therapy. METHODS Patients presenting with signs and symptoms were enrolled if, before receiving a diagnostic lumbar puncture, signed a written informed consent. We analyzed CSF indexes of blood-brain barrier permeability (CSF to serum albumin ratio or CSAR), inflammation (CSF to serum IgG ratio, neopterin), amyloid deposition (1-42 β-amyloid), neuronal damage (Total tau (T-tau), Phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and 14.3.3 protein) and astrocyte damage (S-100β). RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-one patients were included: they were mainly affected by herpesvirus encephalitis, enterovirus meningoencephalitis, bacterial meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae), and infection by other etiological agents or unknown pathogen. Their CSF features were compared with HIV-negative patients and native HIV-positive individuals without CNS involvement. 14.3.3 protein was found in bacterial and HSV infections while T-tau and neopterin were abnormally high in the herpesvirus group. P-tau, instead, was elevated in enterovirus meningitis. S-100β was found to be high in patients with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections but not in those with Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Thirty-day mortality was unexpectedly low (2.7%): patients who died had higher levels of T-tau and, significantly, lower levels of Aβ1-42. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that CSF biomarkers of neuronal damage or inflammation may vary during CNS infections according to different causative agents. The prognostic value of these biomarkers needs to be assessed in prospective studies.
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Navolan DB, Stoian DL, Bohiltea RE, Crainiceanu Z, Craina ML, Cretu O, Timar B, Vladareanu R, Terness P, BūRGER F, Nemescu D. Comparison of early pregnancy serum concentration of neopterin, neopterin/creatinine ratio, C-reactive protein, and chitotriosidase, in pregnant women with birth at term and spontaneous preterm birth. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2449-2454. [PMID: 32765732 PMCID: PMC7401568 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are involved in achieving a normal pregnancy and in the development of certain pregnancy complications. These changes are more intense in pregnant women that suffer of pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). This study compared the course of inflammatory markers (IM) [neopterin (Neo), neopterin/creatinine ratio (Neo/Cre), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitotriosidase (Chito)] serum concentration in the early pregnancy of women with birth at term (BT) and preterm birth (PB). IM concentration was measured in 90 sera sampled from 45 pregnancies with BT and 30 sera from 15 pregnancies with PB. Two sera were sampled from each pregnant woman: one in the first trimester and another one in the second trimester. Early pregnancy IM concentration showed a direct correlation with gestational age: Neo (rho=0.262, P=0.004), Neo/Cre (rho=0.372, P<0.001), CRP (rho=0.187, P=0.041), and Chito (rho=0.039, P=0.66). The correlation was present in both categories of patients with BT and PB. Patients with PB before 34 week of pregnancy (wp) and 32 wp showed higher Neo and Neo/Cre concentration than BT patients. A significant association was found between the risk of PB before 34 wp, PB before 32 wp, and Neo concentration (PB <34 wp: odds ratio (OR) =5.13, P=0.035) (PB <32 wp: OR=8.2, P=0.020) and, respectively, Neo/Cre concentration (PB <34 wp: OR=5.29, P=0.015) (PB <32 wp: OR=9.25, P=0.006). No association between CRP or Chito and PB age was found. IM concentration correlates with the gestational age at the time of blood sampling. Increased Neo and Neo/Cre concentration are associated with PB. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of these markers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bogdan Navolan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Help Prevent Foundation For Promotion of Prevention and Health, 320036 Resiţa
| | - Dana Liana Stoian
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Elena Bohiltea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zorin Crainiceanu
- Department of Surgery, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Lucian Craina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Department of Surgery, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Department of Medical Informatics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Vladareanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Terness
- 'Otto Meyerhof' Center, Institute of Immunology, 'Ruperto Carola' University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike BūRGER
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Nemescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated with Kynurenine Pathway Metabolite Changes in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082665. [PMID: 32290514 PMCID: PMC7216195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light (NFL) has proved to be a good prognostic factor in multiple sclerosis (MS), as its level is proportionally elevated with extended neuraxonal damage. The involvement of the kynurenine pathway in neuroinflammation has been proved. The precursor of this pathway is the essential amino acid tryptophan, which is catabolized 95% towards kynurenine metabolites. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) within the brain is only produced in activated microglia and macrophages, leading to axonal degeneration via the activation of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neopterin is a biomarker for inflammation produced by macrophages. The association of these biomarkers has not previously been investigated. Our aim was to assess whether there is an association of the neurodegenerative biomarker NFL with the markers of neuroinflammation, e.g., kynurenine metabolites and neopterin, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF samples of patients with MS (pwMS; n = 37) and age-matched controls (n = 22) were compared for NFL levels by ELISA, while the kynurenine pathway metabolites tryptophan and neopterin were detected with mass spectrometry. Spearman’s correlation showed that NFL is an independent predictor of neurological disability in the MS group. Significant correlations were found between NFL, neopterin, and QUIN, and between kynurenine and neopterin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to plot the top three best predictors of MS-related disability that yielded the best specificity and sensitivity. Normalized NFL (AUC: 0.923), QUIN (AUC: 0.803), and neopterin (AUC: 0.843) were the best independent predictors of neurological disability in pwMS. The CSF NFL and CSF QUIN, together with neopterin, were elevated in the CSF of pwMS compared to controls. The combination of the neurodegenerative biomarkers together with biomarkers of neuroinflammation could provide additional information on the underlying pathomechanism of disease activity, which is essential for the identification of patients at risk of developing cumulative disabilities.
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Lanser L, Nemati N, Seifert M, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Pölzl G, Kurz K. Inflammation, iron and vitamin D metabolism in different cardiomyopathy aetiologies. Pteridines 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Immune activation coincides with disturbances in iron and vitamin D metabolism in patients with cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated whether there are differences regarding immune activation, iron and vitamin D metabolism between the different cardiomyopathy aetiologies.
Patients and methods: Parameters of iron metabolism (haemoglobin, iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, hepcidin), vitamin D metabolism (Ct-FGF23, parathormone, phosphate, vitamin D) and immune activation (C-reactive protein and neopterin) were determined in 149 patients (98 men, 51 women) with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Results: Patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy presented with higher neopterin, ferritin and hepcidin levels than other cardiomyopathy aetiologies. Furthermore, they showed the highest rate of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Patients with virus positive cardiomyopathy presented with significantly higher ferritin and Ct-FGF23 levels compared to patients with virus negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
Conclusion: This study indicates that there are some differences regarding the extent of immune activation and inflammation as well as alterations in iron metabolism disorders between different cardiomyopathy aetiologies. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to investigate these findings more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Nada Nemati
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry , Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Gerhard Pölzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II , Medical University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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Estimation of serum neopterin level as an early marker for detecting severe dengue infection. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2020; 6:151-154. [PMID: 31890841 PMCID: PMC6926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the role of neopterin in the early assessment of dengue severity in children of age one month to 18 years admitted for fever and confirmed by dengue serology. Method Two sets of samples were collected from 77 confirmed dengue patients aged one month to 18 years for serum neopterin determination. The first sample was collected at 2-3 days of fever onset, and the second sample was collected at 24–36 h after the first sample was collected and followed up cases and correlated serum neopterin levels. Results Among the 77 patients enrolled, 19 were diagnosed with severe dengue, 15 patients as having dengue with warning signs, and 43 patients as having dengue fever. Conclusion In this study, we found that the serum neopterin levels were significantly higher in the severe dengue category (mean: 58.75(±4.91) nmol/l) than in the non-severe dengue category (mean: 48.11(±8.80) nmol/l). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between neopterin concentration and duration of fever hence, higher serum neopterin levels may indicate dengue severity. The determination of serum neopterin concentration may be used for the early assessment of severe dengue.
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Stuart CM, Zotova E, Koster G, Varatharaj A, Richardson G, Cornick FR, Weal M, Newman TA, Postle AD, Galea I. High-Throughput Urinary Neopterin-to-Creatinine Ratio Monitoring of Systemic Inflammation. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:101-113. [PMID: 31704895 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is a marker of ill health and has prognostic implications in multiple health settings. Urinary neopterin is an excellent candidate as a nonspecific marker of systemic inflammation. Expression as urinary neopterin-to-creatinine ratio (UNCR) normalizes for urinary hydration status. Major attractions include (a) urine vs blood sampling, (b) integration of inflammation over a longer period compared with serum sampling, and (c) high stability of neopterin and creatinine. METHODS A high-throughput ultraperformance LC-MS method was developed to measure neopterin and creatinine together from the same urine sample. The assay was applied in several clinical scenarios: healthy controls, symptomatic infections, and multiple sclerosis. Area under the curve was compared between weekly and monthly sampling scenarios. Analysis of a single pooled sample was compared with averaging results from analysis of individual samples. RESULTS The assay has excellent intraassay and interassay precision, linearity of dilution, and spike and recovery. Higher UNCR was demonstrated in female vs male individuals, older age, inflammatory disease (multiple sclerosis), and symptomatic infections. In healthy controls, fluctuations in inflammatory state also occurred in the absence of symptomatic infection or other inflammatory triggers. Analysis of a single pooled sample, made up from weekly urine samples, integrates inflammatory activity over time. CONCLUSIONS UNCR is a useful biomarker of systemic inflammation. The method presented offers simplicity, speed, robustness, reproducibility, efficiency, and proven utility in clinical scenarios. UNCR fluctuations underline the importance of longitudinal monitoring, vs a single time point, to capture a more representative estimate of an individual's inflammatory state over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Stuart
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elina Zotova
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Grielof Koster
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aravinthan Varatharaj
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Grace Richardson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Faye R Cornick
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Weal
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tracey A Newman
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Neopterin is Associated with Disease Severity and Outcome in Patients with Non-Ischaemic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122230. [PMID: 31861167 PMCID: PMC6947372 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune activation play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodelling in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess whether biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation are linked to disease severity and the prognosis of heart failure patients. In 149 patients (65.8% men, median age 49.7 years) with heart failure from nonischaemic cardiomyopathy, the biomarkers neopterin and C-reactive protein were tested at the time of diagnosis. Patients were followed-up for a median of 58 months. During follow-up, nineteen patients died, five had a heart transplantation, two needed a ventricular assistance device, and twenty-one patients had to be hospitalised because of heart failure decompensation. Neopterin concentrations correlated with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations (rs = 0.399, p < 0.001) and rose with higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (I: 5.60 nmol/L, II: 6.90 nmol/L, III/IV: 7.80 nmol/L, p = 0.033). Higher neopterin levels were predictive for an adverse outcome (death or hospitalisation due to HF decompensation), independently of age and sex and of established predictors in heart failure such as NYHA class, NT-proBNP, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) (HR 2.770; 95% CI 1.419-5.407; p = 0.003). Patients with a neopterin/eGFR ratio ≥ 0.133 (as a combined marker for immune activation and kidney function) had a more than eightfold increased risk of reaching an endpoint compared to patients with a neopterin/eGFR ratio ≤0.065 (HR 8.380; 95% CI 2.889-24.308; p < 0.001). Neopterin is associated with disease severity and is an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with heart failure.
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Thomas B, Bipath P, Viljoen M. Comparison between plasma neopterin and the urine neopterin:creatinine ratio as inflammatory biomarkers. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2407-2413. [PMID: 32127811 PMCID: PMC7040280 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neopterin, a product of cell-mediated immunity, is a non-specific biomarker of inflammation. Plasma/serum is generally the body fluid of choice for neopterin assessment, but urine is often used as it does away with venepuncture. Analysis of urine neopterin is based on collection of a single urine sample and expressed as µmol neopterin/mol creatinine. Objectives To examine published correlations between plasma neopterin levels and urine neopterin:creatinine ratios and to determine whether they are in diagnostic agreement. Methods Literature search was performed by databases and by hand. Databases included Academic Search Complete; Africa-Wide Information; AHFS Consumer Medication Information; eBook Collection (EBSCOhost); Family & Society Studies Worldwide; MasterFILE Premier; MEDLINE; TOC Premier. Results Positive correlations of varying statistical significance generally exist between plasma neopterin and urine neopterin: creatinine ratios. With a decline in renal clearance, plasma neopterin over-estimates inflammatory activity. With immune-complex renal disease, urine neopterin:creatinine ratios over-estimate systemic inflammation. The two biomarkers can differ in diagnostic validity. Conclusion Correlations between plasma neopterin and urine neopterin:creatinine ratios suggest both as suitable biomarkers. However, since correlations reflect equality of means and not individual values, significant correlations, do not necessarily imply diagnostic agreement. Therefore, plasma and urine cannot summarily be assumed interchangeable for diagnostic/prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Thomas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Margaretha Viljoen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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