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Damjanov D, Ičin T, Savić Ž, Janjić N, Nikolić S, Bošnjak OL, Krnetić Ž, Vračarić V, Dejanović B, Kovačević N. Visceral Fat Thickness, Serum Adiponectin, and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas. J Pers Med 2024; 14:1008. [PMID: 39338262 PMCID: PMC11433621 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) arise from adenomatous polyps. Identifying risk factors for colorectal adenoma (CRA) is critical for CRC prevention. Emerging evidence suggests a link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and an elevated risk of CRA and CRC, potentially mediated by visceral obesity and adiponectin (APN). We aimed to evaluate the association between different markers of visceral obesity, serum APN, MetS, and the presence of CRA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, involving 120 patients, aged 40-75 years, who underwent colonoscopy between January 2022 and January 2023. Sixty patients with CRA were compared to 60 controls with normal colonoscopy findings. Visceral fat thickness (VFT) was measured using ultrasound (US), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess visceral fat area (VFA). Serum APN levels, anthropometric measures, and MetS components were also evaluated. RESULTS Patients with CRA had significantly higher VFT measured by US (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in VFA measured by BIA, waist circumference (WC), or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). MetS was significantly more prevalent in the CRA group (55% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.05), and logistic regression confirmed MetS as a significant predictor of CRA presence (OR = 2.6). Serum APN levels were inversely correlated with visceral fat measurements and MetS (p < 0.01), but no significant difference in APN levels was observed between patients with and without CRA. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of VFT measured by US and the presence of MetS as significant factors associated with CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Damjanov
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ičin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Željka Savić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Janjić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stanislava Nikolić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olgica Latinović Bošnjak
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Žarko Krnetić
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Vračarić
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Božidar Dejanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nadica Kovačević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Cesanelli L, Cesanelli F, Degens H, Satkunskiene D. Obesity-related reduced spirometry and altered breathing pattern are associated with mechanical disadvantage of the diaphragm. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 325:104267. [PMID: 38679308 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the breathing patterns of individuals with obesity during routine activities such as sitting and standing, and to identify potential contributors to alterations in these patterns. Measurements performed in 20 male subjects with obesity (BMI, 31.8±1.5 kg/m2) and 20 controls (BMI, 23.5±1.4 kg/m2) included anthropometric parameters, breathing-patterns in sitting and standing positions, spirometry, maximal respiratory pressures, and diaphragm B-mode ultrasonography. Individuals with obesity exhibited lower tidal volume and increased respiratory rate to maintain a similar minute-ventilation (p<0.05). Subjects with obesity demonstrated impaired spirometry and respiratory muscle strength, with inspiratory functions being notably compromised (p<0.05). Individuals with obesity had a greater diaphragm thickness at end inspiration but lower thickening-fraction at end quiet and forced breathings and reduced diaphragmatic displacement and excursion during maximal breaths (p<0.05). BMI was negatively associated with all respiratory function markers (p<0.05). Individuals with obesity exhibit a higher respiratory rate but lower tidal volume, likely to accommodate decreased compliance and excess thoracic and abdominal fat, further hindering inspiratory function. Moreover, increased adiposity is associated with a thicker but weaker diaphragm, primarily due to the diaphragm's mechanical disadvantage rather than its intrinsic inability to generate force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cesanelli
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Federico Cesanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Danguole Satkunskiene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Di Ludovico A, La Bella S, Ciarelli F, Chiarelli F, Breda L, Mohn A. Skeletal muscle as a pro- and anti-inflammatory tissue: insights from children to adults and ultrasound findings. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5. [PMID: 38907089 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously regarded as a movement and posture control agent, the skeletal muscle is now recognized as an endocrine organ that may affect systemic inflammation and metabolic health. The discovery of myokines such as IL-6, released from skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, is now one of the most recent insights. Myokines are the mediators of the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This underscores the muscle function as a determinant of good health and prevention of diseases. Advances in ultrasound technology improved evaluation of muscle thickness, composition, and determining fat distribution. Combining imaging with molecular biology, researchers discovered the complicated interplay between muscle function, cytokine production and general health effects.The production of myokines with exercise showcasing the adaptability of muscles to high-stress conditions and contributing to metabolism and inflammation regulation. These findings have significant implications in order to provide improvement in metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Liu S, Yang Y, Luo H, Pang W, Martin GB. Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:376-386. [PMID: 38812494 PMCID: PMC11134559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat (IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat, presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat (SCF) and visceral fat (VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently, selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be greatly aided if we could select for genes that control adipogenesis and lipogenesis and are also differentially expressed in the various depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Liu
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Yuquan, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Hailing Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenjie Pang
- Resonance Health, Burswood, WA 6100, Australia
| | - Graeme B. Martin
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Starkoff BE, Nickerson BS. Emergence of imaging technology beyond the clinical setting: Utilization of mobile health tools for at-home testing. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:518-529. [PMID: 38591753 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass. Despite their effectiveness, accessibility and cost remain barriers to widespread adoption. The integration of AI-powered image analysis may help explain tissue differentiation, whereas mobile health apps offer real-time metabolic monitoring and personalized feedback. New apps such as MeThreeSixty and Made Health and Fitness offer the advantages of clinic-based imaging techniques from the comfort of home. These innovations hold the potential for individualizing strategies and interventions, optimizing clinical outcomes, and empowering informed decision-making for both healthcare professionals and patients/clients. Navigating the intricacies of these emerging tools, critically assessing their validity and reliability, and ensuring inclusivity across diverse populations and conditions will be crucial in harnessing their full potential. By integrating advancements in body composition assessment, healthcare can move beyond the limitations of traditional methods and deliver truly personalized, data-driven care to optimize well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Starkoff
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Zieff G, Cornwall J, Blue MN, Smith-Ryan AE, Stoner L. Ultrasound-based measurement of central adiposity: Key considerations and guidelines. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13716. [PMID: 38418428 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Central adiposity, which is visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in the abdominal region, is a known risk factor for developing chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Central adiposity can be measured relatively inexpensively using ultrasound. Ultrasound has been shown to be precise and reliable, with measurement accuracy comparable to computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Despite the advantages conferred by ultrasound, widespread adoption has been hindered by lack of reliable standard operating procedures. To consolidate the literature and bring clarity to the use of ultrasound-derived measures of central adiposity, this review outlines (i) the [patho]physiological importance of central adiposity to cardiometabolic disease risk; (ii) an overview of the history and main technical aspects of ultrasound methodology; (iii) key measurement considerations, including transducer selection, subject preparation, image acquisition, image analysis, and operator training; and (iv) guidelines for standardized ultrasound protocols for measuring central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon Cornwall
- Centre for Early Learning in Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Malia N Blue
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bondareva EA, Parfenteva OI, Troshina EA, Ershova EV, Mazurina NV, Komshilova KA, Kulemin NA, Ahmetov II. Agreement between bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound scanning in body composition assessment. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24001. [PMID: 37818870 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using ABC-02 Medas and A-mode ultrasound (AUS) using BodyMetrix™ BX2000 for fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (%BF) in females. METHODS The cross-sectional, single-center, observational study was performed in 206 female subjects aged 18-67 years. The examination program included measurements of body height and weight along with waist, hip circumferences, and body composition analysis. The measurements were performed by ultrasound scanner and bioimpedance analyzer. RESULTS We found that 20.9% of women were obese based on BMI (≥30 kg/m2), which was significantly lower when using a criterion based on body fat percentage (%BF ≥ 30%) measured with US (53.4%, p = .0056) or BIA (54.8%, p = .0051). At the group level, both methods were found interchangeable and showed practically negligible differences (0.1% for %BF, 0.5 kg for FM, and 0.4 kg for FFM). Agreement analysis conducted in the whole sample revealed a low level of agreement in estimating %BF (CCC = 0.72 0.77 0.82) and FFM (CCC = 0.81 0.84 0.86), and medium level of agreement in estimating FM (CCC = 0.91 0.93 0.94). The level of agreement in estimating %BF and FFM was improved to the medium level with the use of newly generated prediction equations. CONCLUSION Thus, the proposed equations can be used for conversion of body composition results obtained by AUS into the BIA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira A Bondareva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Parfenteva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Troshina
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Ershova
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Mazurina
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Komshilova
- Institute of Clinical Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kulemin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Tuma ISM, Cambi MPC, Moraes TPD, Magro DO, Kotze PG. BODY FAT COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SKINFOLDS AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e23088. [PMID: 38451660 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.246102023-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with important changes in nutritional status. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare body fat composition between two anthropometric methods: skinfolds and ultrasonography, in patients with IBD. METHODS Single-center cross-sectional study with IBD patients in remission or active disease. For the agreement analysis between the body fat assessment methods, the Bland Altman method was used. RESULTS A total of 101 patients with IBD were included, 75 with Crohn's disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis. Approximately 56% of the patients with Crohn's disease and 65.4% of those with ulcerative colitis had a body fat composition above normal levels, with no significant difference between the diseases (P=0.63). The Bland-Altman concordance analysis showed that the methods for assessing the percentage of fat by the adipometer and ultrasound were not in full agreement (P=0.001), despite both presented good correlation (CC 0.961; P=0.000). CONCLUSION The analysis of body fat percentage in patients with IBD was different between the skinfolds and ultrasound. Both methods can be used to assess the of body fat percentage of patients with IBD. However, monitoring of body fat sequentially and longitudinally should always be performed using the same method throughout the disease course. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to precisely define the role of these two methods of measuring body composition in patients with IBD. BACKGROUND • Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with changes in nutritional status. BACKGROUND • Skinfolds measurements and ultrasound are valid methods for assessing body composition and body fat. BACKGROUND • These methods despite comparable are not identical and are useful in clinical nutritional practices in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Sayuri Macedo Tuma
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Unidade de Cirurgia Colorretal, Ambulatório de DII, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Maria Paula Carlin Cambi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Unidade de Cirurgia Colorretal, Ambulatório de DII, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Thyago Proença de Moraes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Unidade de Cirurgia Colorretal, Ambulatório de DII, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Daniéla Oliveira Magro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Gustavo Kotze
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Unidade de Cirurgia Colorretal, Ambulatório de DII, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Ferreira LF, da Silva EB, Bomfim ABC. Validity and reliability of portable A-mode ultrasound in measuring body fat percentage: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292872. [PMID: 38330039 PMCID: PMC10852247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The present Systematic Review with Meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Portable A-mode Ultrasound (P-US) for measuring body fat percentage (BF%). Only studies with participants of both genders which had assessed BF% using P-US compared to the reference standard were selected. Publications up until May 31, 2022 were searched in the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, SPORT Discus, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias in the validity studies and QAREL was used for the methodological quality of reliability studies. The JAMOVI software program synthesized the results, from which the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) or the square root of the Multiple Linear Regression Determination Coefficient (R2) were extracted for the validity studies, and the Mean of Errors of the Bland-Altman Test (ME) and the Confidence Interval (95%CI) with Upper and Lower Limits for the reliability studies. A total of 13 studies were included, generating 26 results for the quantitative synthesis, 14 for validity and 12 for reliability. Regarding the validity results, a strong correlation was identified between the equipment (r = 0.870 [0.845-0.895], P<0.001), with moderate and true heterogeneity (I2 = 53.47%, P = 0.003), presenting publication bias. A small effect size was identified regarding the reliability results, overestimating the results due to chance between the devices (ME = 0.207 [-0.798-1.212], P = 0.686), with low heterogeneity also due to chance (I2 = 19.44%, P = 0.253), with no publication bias. All of the evaluated studies showed some violation of the instruments, confirming the high risk of bias and the low methodological quality. There is concern with heterogeneity for the validity results explained by the subgroups' analysis. The P-US associated with anthropometric perimeters satisfactorily measures the BF% with samples greater than 100 participants, and males. The results in the reliability assessment show high agreement and high variability, greatly expanding the confidence interval, which should be viewed with reservations. This review received financial support from the Brazilian Air Force. The study was registered with PROSPERO under the number CRD42020166617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Operational Human Performance, Brazilian Air Force University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elirez Bezerra da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bi D, Shi L, Li B, Li Y, Liu C, Le LH, Luo J, Wang S, Ta D. The Protocol of Ultrasonic Backscatter Measurements of Musculoskeletal Properties. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:72-80. [PMID: 38605911 PMCID: PMC11004104 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to introduce the protocol for ultrasonic backscatter measurements of musculoskeletal properties based on a novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic (UBBD) instrument. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be adopted to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, spine, legs and the whole body. The muscle and fat mass in the legs and the whole body can be also calculated by DXA body composition analysis. Based on the proposed protocol for backscatter measurements by UBBD, ultrasonic backscatter signals can be measured in vivo, deriving three backscatter parameters [apparent integral backscatter (AIB), backscatter signal peak amplitude (BSPA) and the corresponding arrival time (BSPT)]. AIB may provide important diagnostic information about bone properties. BSPA and BSPT may be important indicators of muscle and fat properties. The standardized backscatter measurement protocol of the UBBD instrument may have the potential to evaluate musculoskeletal characteristics, providing help for promoting the application of the backscatter technique in the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), such as osteoporosis and muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Bi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lingwei Shi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Boyi Li
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Lawrence H. Le
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2B7 Canada
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
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11
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Barbosa ADP, Espasandin I, Pinheiro de Lima L, de Souza Ribeiro C, Raquel Silva L, Faria Quintal T, Nascimento Lima E, Catarina Duarte Vieira L, Soares TR, Autran Colaço AR. Body Harmonization: The Definition of a New Concept. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3753-3766. [PMID: 38170132 PMCID: PMC10759920 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s426813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Body Harmonization (BHA) is an innovative concept in aesthetics area based on a set of advanced injectable techniques that have shown promising results for body shaping. This is based on procedure combinations indicated to treat body aesthetic dysfunctions, such as localized fat, stretch marks, blemishes, flaccidity, buttocks remodeling, lean mass gain and muscle definition. This study aims to define the clinical concept of BHA, its applications and the main protocols used based on injectable pharmacotherapy. For this purpose, we performed a retrospective review of proven efficient injectable procedures with advanced results for the treatment of body aesthetic disorders, in addition to relying on data obtained from previous clinical experiences. Based on these data, we describe how different compounds can act for treatment of the main body aesthetic dysfunctions, such as lipolytic compounds and collagen biostimulators. In addition, the main application techniques and treatment protocols for each of these dysfunctions were defined. Minimally invasive injectable procedures offer an effective therapeutic option for patients who do not intend to undergo surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony de Paula Barbosa
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Isabela Espasandin
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro de Lima
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Caroline de Souza Ribeiro
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Lara Raquel Silva
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Thalita Faria Quintal
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Evenny Nascimento Lima
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Láila Catarina Duarte Vieira
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Thaina Ribeiro Soares
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
| | - Anna Raphaella Autran Colaço
- Department of Research & Development, Health & Aesthetics, Antony Barbosa Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30575-210Brazil
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12
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Ong JN, Ducker KJ, Furzer BJ, Dymock M, Landers GJ. Acute exercise affects dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:345-353. [PMID: 37191158 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness-mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross-over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, p = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (p = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (-1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (-1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness-mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun N Ong
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bonnie J Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Dymock
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant J Landers
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Baskota A, Kuo J, Ardanuç S, Lal A. Compact GHz Ultrasonic Micro-Imager for Cells and Tissues. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1116-1117. [PMID: 37613275 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amit Lal
- Geegah Inc., Ithaca, NY, United States
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14
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Cannataro R, Cione E, Cerullo G, Rondanelli M, Micheletti P, Crisafulli O, Micheli ML, D'Antona G. Type 1 diabetes management in a competitive athlete: A five-year case report. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15740. [PMID: 37402564 PMCID: PMC10319554 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes has an incidence of 15 per 100,000 people. Though it is a metabolic disorder, it can be seen in top, even professional athletes. Physical activity is recommended to manage diabetes, but there is a lack of specific knowledge on diabetes management and exercise from dedicated medical staff. This bias leads to suboptimal diabetes management, causing frequent hyper and hypoglycemia, a dysregulation of glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose out of control, and consequent needs to often intervene with extra insulin or carbohydrates. For 5 years, we followed a highly competitive male Caucasian athlete Vovinam Viet Vo Dao, with type I diabetes, aged 17. We monitored his glycated hemoglobin, the insulin drug administered, and glycemia blood level averages. We obtained, over time, a decrease in glycated hemoglobin by almost -22% and insulin administered by -37.33%, and average blood glycemia levels diminished by almost -27%. In addition, we carried out bioimpedance analysis and stratigraphy on the abdomen. Federation trainers supervised all physical training; we recorded an improvement in the general condition, underlined in particular by an increase in phase angle (from bioimpedance) of +17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen LaboratoriesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Erika Cione
- Galascreen LaboratoriesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | | | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)‐Sport Medicine Centre, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Piero Micheletti
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)‐Sport Medicine Centre, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Oscar Crisafulli
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)‐Sport Medicine Centre, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Matteo Levi Micheli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- M. Marella Laboratory of Motor Sciences Applied to MedicineFlorenceItaly
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale nelle Attività Motorie e Sportive (CRIAMS)‐Sport Medicine Centre, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
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15
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Mardourian M, Hao KA, Wiggins W, Arias J, King JJ, Wright TW, Wright JO. Optimizing needle length and site choice for adult immunization. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00697-7. [PMID: 37365058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for needle length and vaccination site for intramuscular deltoid vaccinations are backed by minimal data. AIM To determine the ideal needle length and vaccination site for intramuscular deltoid vaccine administration. METHODS 120 shoulder CT scans were evaluated and grouped by patient weight and sex as recommended by the United States CDC: Group 1, <60 kg, Group 2, 60-70 kg, Group 3, females 70-90 kg and males 70-118 kg, and Group 4, females > 90 kg and males > 118 kg. For each group, distance from skin to deltoid fascia and deltoid muscle width were measured at 2, 4, and 6 cm distal to the posterolateral corner of the acromion for 5 unique trajectories. Needle lengths of 0.625″, 1.0″, and 1.5″ were simulated at each site to determine inoculation location relative to the deltoid. RESULTS For Group 1, a 0.625″ needle in the mid-lateral (ML) trajectory 4 cm distal to the posterolateral corner provided a perfect rate of successful inoculations (100 %). For Groups 2-3, a 1″ needle in the posterolateral (PL) trajectory 4 cm distal provided high rates (>80 %) of successful intramuscular inoculations with low rates of overpenetration (<15 %) while minimizing risk to the axillary nerve. For Group 4, a 1.5″ needle using the same strategy provided the highest rate of successful inoculations (96 %) and minimal overpenetration (4 %). Overpenetration was associated with more anterior and superior injection sites (P < 0.001 for both) for all needle lengths. CONCLUSIONS The overall ideal injection site to maximize successful intramuscular vaccine administration, minimize overpenetration, and avoid axillary nerve injury is 4 cm distal to and in line with the posterolateral corner of the acromion, a site more posterior and inferior than current CDC recommendations. We caution against use of a 1.5″ needle for patients < 118 kg due to high predicted rates of overpenetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A Hao
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Whitman Wiggins
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Arias
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph J King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas W Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan O Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Pati S, Irfan W, Jameel A, Ahmed S, Shahid RK. Obesity and Cancer: A Current Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:485. [PMID: 36672434 PMCID: PMC9857053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity or excess body fat is a major global health challenge that has not only been associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease but is also a major risk factor for the development of and mortality related to a subgroup of cancer. This review focuses on epidemiology, the relationship between obesity and the risk associated with the development and recurrence of cancer and the management of obesity. METHODS A literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed and the keywords 'obesity' and cancer' were used. The search was limited to research papers published in English prior to September 2022 and focused on studies that investigated epidemiology, the pathogenesis of cancer, cancer incidence and the risk of recurrence, and the management of obesity. RESULTS About 4-8% of all cancers are attributed to obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers, including post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancer. Excess body fat results in an approximately 17% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. The relationship between obesity and the risk associated with the development of cancer and its recurrence is not fully understood and involves altered fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, the secretion of adipokines and anabolic and sex hormones, immune dysregulation, and chronic inflammation. Obesity may also increase treatment-related adverse effects and influence treatment decisions regarding specific types of cancer therapy. Structured exercise in combination with dietary support and behavior therapy are effective interventions. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and bariatric surgery result in more rapid weight loss and can be considered in selected cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases cancer risk and mortality. Weight-reducing strategies in obesity-associated cancers are important interventions as a key component of cancer care. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the complex relationship between obesity and cancer with the identification of targets for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Pati
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Ahmad Jameel
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Rabia K. Shahid
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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17
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Lewandowski Z, Dychała E, Pisula-Lewandowska A, Danel DP. Comparison of Skinfold Thickness Measured by Caliper and Ultrasound Scanner in Normative Weight Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16230. [PMID: 36498301 PMCID: PMC9739157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major issue affecting not only adults but also children in many places of the world. There are numerous methods for estimating the body fat percentage, however, all of those methods are different in terms of availability, accuracy, and the cost of an individual examination. The aim of this study was to compare two relatively easy and widespread measurement methods for assessing skinfold thickness: the BodyMetrix BX2000 ultrasound machine and a classic GPM caliper. Fifty-eight young women aged 19-24 years with normative body weight participated in the study. We found that although the measurements performed by both methods are positively correlated, the obtained values were different. In seven out of nine measured points, these differences were statistically significant. The measurements of skin fat folds with a caliper showed a higher value of subcutaneous tissue compared to ultrasound measurements. Only the values of measurements on the pectoral and mid-axillary did not differ between the methods. We conclude that due to the significant discrepancies in the values of measured skinfold thickness, appropriate measurement tools and dedicated formulas estimating the amount of body fat should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Lewandowski
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dychała
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pisula-Lewandowska
- Department of Fundamentals of Cosmetology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz P. Danel
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-144 Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Wear KA, Han A, Rubin JM, Gao J, Lavarello R, Cloutier G, Bamber J, Tuthill T. US Backscatter for Liver Fat Quantification: An AIUM-RSNA QIBA Pulse-Echo Quantitative Ultrasound Initiative. Radiology 2022; 305:526-537. [PMID: 36255312 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is believed to affect one-third of American adults. Noninvasive methods that enable detection and monitoring of NAFLD have the potential for great public health benefits. Because of its low cost, portability, and noninvasiveness, US is an attractive alternative to both biopsy and MRI in the assessment of liver steatosis. NAFLD is qualitatively associated with enhanced B-mode US echogenicity, but visual measures of B-mode echogenicity are negatively affected by interobserver variability. Alternatively, quantitative backscatter parameters, including the hepatorenal index and backscatter coefficient, are being investigated with the goal of improving US-based characterization of NAFLD. The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Radiological Society of North America Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance are working to standardize US acquisition protocols and data analysis methods to improve the diagnostic performance of the backscatter coefficient in liver fat assessment. This review article explains the science and clinical evidence underlying backscatter for liver fat assessment. Recommendations for data collection are discussed, with the aim of minimizing potential confounding effects associated with technical and biologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Wear
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Aiguo Han
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Jonathan M Rubin
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Jing Gao
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Roberto Lavarello
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Guy Cloutier
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Jeffrey Bamber
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
| | - Theresa Tuthill
- From the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, WO62, Room 2114, Silver Spring, MD 20993 (K.A.W.); Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill (A.H.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (J.M.R.); Ultrasound Research and Education, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah (J.G.); Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru (R.L.); Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada (G.C.); Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Joint Department of Physics, London, UK (J.B.); and Pfizer, Cambridge, Mass (T.T.)
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19
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Hajiasgari M, Setarehdan SK, Rangraz P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness determination using ultrasound signals processing: A phantom study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Ribeiro G, de Aguiar RA, Penteado R, Lisbôa FD, Raimundo JAG, Loch T, Meira Â, Turnes T, Caputo F. A-Mode Ultrasound Reliability in Fat and Muscle Thickness Measurement. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1610-1617. [PMID: 32569121 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ribeiro, G, de Aguiar, RA, Penteado, R, Lisbôa, FD, Raimundo, JAG, Loch, T, Meira, Â, Turnes, T, and Caputo, F. A-mode ultrasound reliability in fat and muscle thickness measurement. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1610-1617, 2022-This study aimed to verify the reliability of the BodyMetrix portable A-mode ultrasound in measuring fat and muscle tissue thickness. Thirty physically active men participated in daily body composition evaluations. The evaluations comprised 2 techniques: (a) graphic technique (GTBM), which measured the fat thickness at 9 body sites (abdomen, axillary, biceps brachii, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh, and triceps brachii), and (b) imaging technique (ITBM), which simultaneously measured the fat and muscle thickness of 6 body surfaces (abdomen, biceps brachii, chest, thigh, trapezius, and triceps brachii). Regarding GTBM, relative reliability was moderate to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.81-0.98), whereas absolute reliability was acceptable for abdomen, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps brachii (coefficient of variation [CV]: 6.9-8.8%) but high for axillary, biceps brachii, and thigh (CV: 12.0-17.4%) in measuring fat thicknesses. Concerning ITBM, relative reliability was good to excellent (ICC: 0.93-0.99 and 0.90-0.98), whereas absolute reliability was acceptable (CV: 3.0-9.2% and 3.5-5.9%) in measuring fat and muscle thickness, respectively. These findings suggest that the, GTBM was only reliable in measuring fat thickness of abdomen, calf, chest, subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps brachii, whereas ITBM was reliable in measuring both fat and muscle thickness in all regions, but showed better reliability values in measuring muscle than fat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - Rafael A de Aguiar
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - Rafael Penteado
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Felipe D Lisbôa
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - João A G Raimundo
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - Thiago Loch
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - Ângelo Meira
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Caputo
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil; and
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21
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Poltronieri TS, Pérsico RS, Falcetta FS, Viana LV. Changes in Body Adiposity in Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment: A Scoping Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3431-3445. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiara S. Poltronieri
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel S. Pérsico
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Frederico S. Falcetta
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Viana
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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22
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Seow D, Massey A. Correlation between preseason body composition and sports injury in an English Premier League professional football team. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001193. [PMID: 35692439 PMCID: PMC9134165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the correlation between preseason body composition and incidence coupled with injury burden throughout the season in adult male professional football players. Methods A retrospective case series was performed for linear regression analysis of preseason body composition variables and injury data. R2 >0.10 was deemed of adequate correlation. Results All 36 professional football players in the male first team of an English Premier League professional football team were recruited, with none lost to follow-up. The total and mean incidence of injuries was 83.00 and 2.31 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.89), respectively. The mean injury burden was 58.32 (95% CI 37.67 to 78.98) days missed. Simple linear regression analysis indicated no significant or adequate correlations between incidence and preseason body composition variables. Injury burden revealed non-significant adequate negative correlations to body mass (R2=0.17), body mass index (BMI) (R2=0.15), waist circumference (R2=0.17), total bone mineral density (BMD) (R2=0.11) and mean embedded structures (R2=0.10). Conclusions Players with decreased body mass, BMI, waist circumference, total BMD and mean embedded structures may be prone to greater injury burden. Further studies with a larger sample size that incorporates multiple football teams are warranted to investigate this.
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23
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Sullivan K, Metoyer CJ, Hornikel B, Holmes CJ, Nickerson BS, Esco MR, Fedewa MV. Agreement Between A 2-Dimensional Digital Image-Based 3-Compartment Body Composition Model and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for The Estimation of Relative Adiposity. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:244-251. [PMID: 34756706 PMCID: PMC8942865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare relative adiposity (%Fat) derived from a 2-dimensional image-based 3-component (3C) model (%Fat3C-IMAGE) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (%FatDXA) against a 5-component (5C) laboratory criterion (%Fat5C). 57 participants were included (63.2% male, 84.2% White/Caucasian, 22.5±4.7 yrs., 23.9±2.8 kg/m2). For each participant, body mass and standing height were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively. A digital image of each participant was taken using a 9.7 inch, 16g iPad Air 2 and analyzed using a commercially available application (version 1.1.2, made Health and Fitness, USA) for the estimation of body volume (BV) and inclusion in %Fat3C-IMAGE . %Fat3C-IMAGE and %Fat5C included measures of total body water derived from bioimpedance spectroscopy. The criterion %Fat5C included BV estimates derived from underwater weighing and bone mineral content measures via DXA. %FatDXA estimates were calculated from a whole-body DXA scan. A standardized mean effect size (ES) assessed the magnitude of differences between models with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 for small, moderate, and large differences, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, p <.001) and small mean difference (ES = 0.24, p <.001) was observed between %Fat3C-IMAGE (19.20±5.80) and %Fat5C (17.69±6.20) whereas a strong correlation (r = 0.87, p <.001) and moderate-large mean difference (ES = 0.70, p <.001) was observed between %FatDXA (22.01±6.81) and %Fat5C. Furthermore, %Fat3C-IMAGE (SEE = 2.20 %Fat, TE= 2.6) exhibited smaller SEE and TE than %FatDXA (SEE = 3.14 %Fat, TE = 5.5). The 3C image-based model performed slightly better in our sample of young adults than the DXA 3C model. Thus, the 2D image analysis program provides an accurate and non-invasive estimate of %Fat within a 3C model in young adults. Compared to DXA, the 3C image-based model allows for a more cost-effective and portable method of body composition assessment, potentially increasing accessibility to multi-component methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey J Metoyer
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Bjoern Hornikel
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Clifton J Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA; Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
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24
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Benevides FT, Araujo Júnior E, Maia CSC, Maia E Holanda Moura SB, Montenegro Junior RM, Carvalho FHC. Evaluation of ultrasound measurements of abdominal fat for the prediction of gestational diabetes in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9821-9829. [PMID: 35341453 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2056441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether ultrasound abdominal fat measurements in the first and second trimesters can predict adverse gestational outcomes, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and identify early patients at higher risk for complications. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 126 pregnant women at 11-14 and 20-24 weeks of gestation with normal fasting glucose levels during early pregnancy. From 126 participants with complete data, 13.5% were diagnosed with GDM, based on the cutoffs established for the peripherical blood glucose. Subcutaneous, visceral, and maximum preperitoneal abdominal fat were measured using ultrasound techniques. GDM status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g glucose overload, and the following values were considered abnormal: fasting glucose ≥92 mg/dl and/or 1 h after overload ≥180 mg/dl and/or 2 h after overload ≥153 mg/dl. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal threshold to predict GDM. RESULTS Maximum preperitoneal fat measurement was predictive of GDM, and subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat measurements did not show significant differences in the prediction of GDM. According to the ROC curve, a threshold of 45.25 mm of preperitoneal fat was identified as the optimal cutoff point, with 87% sensitivity and 41% specificity to predict GDM. The raw and adjusted odds ratios for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index were 0.730 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.561-0.900) and 0.777 (95% CI, 0.623-0.931), respectively. CONCLUSION The use of a 45.25 mm threshold for maximum preperitoneal fat, measured by ultrasound to predict the risk of GDM, appears to be a feasible, inexpensive, and practical alternative to incorporate into clinical practice during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Medical Course, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Bela Vista Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Soraya Costa Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
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25
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Ingle AS, Kashyap NK, Trivedi S, Chaudhary R, Suryavanshi G, Thangaraju P, Bagale KR. Assessment of Body Fat Percentage Using B-Mode Ultrasound Technique versus Skinfold Caliper in Obese Healthy Volunteers. Cureus 2022; 14:e22993. [PMID: 35415052 PMCID: PMC8992878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The measurement of the skinfold thickness at various sites with the calipers has remained the traditional method for estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) in clinical practice. Although this technique is relatively inexpensive and easy to learn, there are more chances of errors while measuring the skinfold thickness by this method. Therefore, no single standard prediction formula for the determination of body fat could be fixed. The aim of our study was to use B-mode ultrasound (US) for measuring the subcutaneous fat thickness and the calipers for skinfold thickness, and then compare, correlate, and derive the prediction equations for estimation of %BF by both the techniques. Methods This cross-sectional, observational, monocentric study was conducted on 43 Indian male volunteers aged 18 to 40 years. After collecting anthropometric data (age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], etc.), the skinfold thickness was measured at four standard sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular region, and suprailiac region) with skinfold caliper (SFC) and then B-mode US. The data were analyzed for distribution, and independent t-test was applied to compare the difference between two means of a %BF estimated by both the methods. The prediction equations were developed from anthropometric and skinfold thickness data obtained from both the methods, i.e., SFC and US, by applying stepwise multiple linear regression. Results It was observed that mean values of all the skinfold thicknesses along with the %BF measured by SFC were far more than those measured by US. The %BF measured by US technique (%BF US) was significantly lesser, i.e., 20.69 (SD: 3.126; p < 0.0002), than that of the SFC method (%BF SFC), i.e., 30.38 (SD: 4.634), which is 0.68 % higher. The best prediction equation for the %BF by SFC method was [%BF SFC = -26.154 + 0.208 SFss + 0.374 age + 0.354 SFbi + 32.066 WHR] (R2 = 84.8), where SFss and SFbi are skin fold thicknesses at subscapular and biceps regions, respectively, measured with SFCs, and that by the US method was [%BF US = 0.713 + 0.351 USsi + 0.232 age + 0.248 USss + 0.448 USbi] (R2 = 84.6), where USsi and USss are skinfold measurements at suprailiac and subscapular regions, respectively, measured by US technique. Conclusion In our study, we arrived to the conclusion that even though the estimated %BF by both the methods were found to have a significant correlation with each other, the values were very less in case of the US method. In the prediction equations, it was found that the skinfold thickness at the suprailiac region was not found to be the significant determining factor for estimation of %BF by SFC method as that by the US method. Looking at the lesser sample size with all participants being males, we do not recommend the prediction equations to be used in clinical practice in spite of the high R2 values.
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26
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Nobari H, Gandomani EE, Reisi J, Vahabidelshad R, Suzuki K, Volpe SL, Pérez-Gómez J. Effects of 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Spirulina Supplementation on Immunoglobin Levels, Cardio-Respiratory Fitness, and Body Composition of Overweight and Obese Women. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020196. [PMID: 35205063 PMCID: PMC8869481 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Overweight and obese, like other forms of malnutrition, have been shown to affect immune function through changing immunoglobin or cardio-respiratory fitness levels and cell-mediated immune responses. Although calorie restriction and exercise are the most common therapies for obesity or overweight, it is unclear what kind of supplementation these people should take or how much exercise they should perform. Hence, in this study, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with spirulina supplementation on the humoral immunity, cardio-respiratory fitness, and body composition of overweight and obese women. The results demonstrated that spirulina supplementation with HIIT not only decreased fat free mass but also boosted immunoglobin-A, which plays an important role in the immune system. Abstract Our study examined the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on the humoral immunity, cardio-respiratory fitness, and body composition of overweight and obese women. Thirty sedentary women (height: 161.7 ± 2.8 cm, body mass: 75.8 ± 8.4 kg, body mass index [BMI]: 28.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2, age: 25.1 ± 6.7 years) were divided into three groups: placebo with HIIT group, spirulina group (SG), or combined group (CG). Exercise groups performed HIIT for 8 weeks, with three sessions per week and four to seven repetitions in each session of 30 s running and 30 s walking; the intensity was established at 90% of the maximum heart rate. Supplementation groups received 6 g of spirulina powder per day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 8 weeks to determine the concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG). There was a significant group-by-time interaction for fat free mass (FFM; p = 0.001, f = 8.52, ηp2 = 0.39) and IgA (p = 0.036, f = 3.86, ηp2 = 0.22). The post hoc analysis revealed that CG reduced FFM significantly (p = 0.012, g = −0.55) after training. CG and SG showed significantly greater IgA concentrations after 8 weeks (p = 0.02, g = 0.70 and p = 0.001, g = 0.34, respectively). We conclude that spirulina supplementation with HIIT affects the body composition (lower FFM) but also boosts IgA, which plays an important role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Elham Eyni Gandomani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran;
| | - Jalil Reisi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (J.R.)
| | | | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Stella Lucia Volpe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
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27
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Morphofunctional and Molecular Assessment of Nutritional Status in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Treatment: Role of Inflammasome in Clinical Nutrition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030494. [PMID: 35158762 PMCID: PMC8833422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer is associated with worse clinical evolution and prognosis. Accurate nutritional assessments allow for early-identification of patients at risk of malnutrition. We aimed to perform a novel morphofunctional nutritional evaluation, including molecular analysis in patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing systemic treatment. A morphofunctional nutritional assessment includes bioimpedance, anthropometric, ultrasound and biochemical measurements. We observed that malnutrition induces a profound alteration in the gene-expression pattern of inflammasome-machinery components, which are related with clinical nutritional parameters. This molecular analysis should be further studied as potential targets for nutrition-focused treatment strategies in cancer patients. Abstract Malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer is frequent, multifactorial and widely associated with clinical evolution and prognosis. Accurate nutritional assessments allow for early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition in order to start nutritional support and prevent sarcopenia. We aimed to perform a novel morphofunctional nutritional evaluation and explore changes in inflammasome-machinery components in 45 patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing systemic treatment. To this aim, an epidemiological/clinical/anthropometric/biochemical evaluation was performed. Serum RCP, IL6 and molecular expression of inflammasome-components and inflammatory-associated factors (NOD-like-receptors, inflammasome-activation-components, cytokines and inflammation/apoptosis-related components, cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators) were evaluated in peripheral-blood mononuclear-cells (PBMCs). Clinical-molecular correlations/associations were analyzed. Coherent and complementary information was obtained in the morphofunctional nutritional assessment of the patients when bioimpedance, anthropometric and ultrasound data were analyzed. These factors were also correlated with different biochemical and molecular parameters, revealing the complementary aspect of the whole evaluation. Serum reactive C protein (RCP) and IL6 were the most reliable parameters for determining patients with decreased standardized phase angle, which is associated with increased mortality in patients with solid malignancies. Several inflammasome-components were dysregulated in patients with malnutrition, decreased phase angle and dependency grade or increased circulating inflammation markers. A molecular fingerprint based on gene-expression of certain inflammasome factors (p27/CCL2/ASC) in PBMCs accurately differentiated patients with and without malnutrition. In conclusion, malnutrition induces a profound alteration in the gene-expression pattern of inflammasome-machinery components in PBMCs. A comprehensive nutritional assessment including novel morphofunctional techniques and molecular markers allows a broad characterization of the nutritional status in cancer patients. Profile of certain inflammasome-components should be further studied as potential targets for nutrition-focused treatment strategies in cancer patients.
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28
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Torgutalp Ş, Korkusuz F. ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT THICKNESS MEASURED BY ULTRASOUND AS A PREDICTOR OF TOTAL FAT MASS IN YOUNG- AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:58-63. [PMID: 35975245 PMCID: PMC9365411 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predictive equations estimate total fat mass obtained from multiple-site ultrasound measurements; however, the predictive equation of total fat mass has not been investigated solely from abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness. OBJECTIVE To develop regression-based prediction equations using abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness for predicting fat mass, and to explore the validity of these predictive equations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven males and eighteen females were randomly divided into two groups as the model prediction and the validation. Total body fat mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The linear regression analysis was used to predict equations for total body fat mass from abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness acquired by ultrasound. Then, these predictive equations were tested on the validation group. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used as a further measure of agreement. RESULTS When fat mass prediction equations were tested on the validation groups, measured- and estimated-total fat masses in males (p=0.9) and females (p=0.5) were found similar. A good level of agreement between measurements in males (CCC=0.84) and females (CCC=0.76) was attained. CONCLUSION The abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness obtained from a single region by ultrasound might provide a non-invasive and quick evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş.Ş. Torgutalp
- Correspondence to: Şerife Şeyma Torgutalp MD, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine - Sports Medicine, Ankara, 06230, Turkey, E-mail:
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29
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Causative Mechanisms of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Leading to Adult Cardiometabolic Disease: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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30
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Jacob I, Jones G, Francis P, Johnson MI. The effect of limb position on measured values of vastus lateralis muscle morphology using B Mode ultrasound. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Jacob
- Musculoskeletal Research Group Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK
| | - Gareth Jones
- Musculoskeletal Research Group Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK
| | - Peter Francis
- Department of Science and Health Institute of Technology Carlow Carlow Ireland
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31
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Green JJ, Smith RW, Stratton MT, Harty PS, Rodriguez C, Siedler MR, White SJ, Williams AD, Dellinger JR, Keith DS, Boykin JR, Tinsley GM. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat mass. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2021; 41:514-522. [PMID: 34549507 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between total and segmental subcutaneous tissue thicknesses from ultrasonography (US) and total and segmental fat mass (FM) estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Traditional US FM estimates were also examined. Twenty resistance-trained males (mean ± SD; age: 22.0 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 74.8 ± 11.5 kg; DXA fat: 17.5 ± 4.5%) completed a 6-week supervised resistance training programme while consuming a hypercaloric diet. Pre- and post-intervention body composition was assessed by DXA and B-mode US. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation (r), Lin's correlation coefficient (CCC), paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Bland-Altman analysis, as appropriate. Cross-sectionally, correlations were observed between total DXA FM and total subcutaneous tissue thickness (r = 0.88). Longitudinally, a correlation was observed between total DXA FM changes and total subcutaneous tissue changes (r = 0.49, CCC = 0.38). Correlations of similar magnitudes were observed for the upper body and trunk estimates, but DXA FM changes were unrelated to subcutaneous tissue changes for the lower body and arms. Cross-sectionally, US 2-compartment FM and DXA FM were correlated (r = 0.91, CCC = 0.83). Longitudinally, a weaker correlation was observed (r = 0.47, CCC = 0.33). In summary, longitudinal associations between US and DXA are weaker than cross-sectional relationships; additionally, correlations between US subcutaneous tissue and whole-body DXA FM appear to be driven by the trunk region rather than appendages. Reporting raw skinfold thicknesses rather than FM estimates alone may improve the utility of techniques based on subcutaneous tissue thickness, such as US and skinfolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Green
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Robert W Smith
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick S Harty
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Madelin R Siedler
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah J White
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Abegale D Williams
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob R Dellinger
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dale S Keith
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jake R Boykin
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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32
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Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Lee JJ, Boateng T, Plastina SE, Cleary S, Huang L, Kucab M, Paterakis S, Brett NR, Bellissimo N. Test-retest reliability and validity of body composition methods in adults. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2021; 41:417-425. [PMID: 34058055 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cost-effective and efficient body composition measurement devices that are reliable and valid are necessary for identifying health risk as well as for understanding the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of three body composition measurement devices. Forty-nine adults (mean age (SD) = 31.5 (10.7) y; BMI = 23.5 (3.0) kg/m2 ) completed a reference air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measure, and duplicate measures using skinfold callipers (Lange), ultrasound (BodyMetrix A-mode) and a 3-dimensional photonic scanner (3DPS; Fit3D ProScanner). Skinfold thickness was measured at seven sites using callipers and ultrasound; percent body fat (%BF) was then estimated using population-specific algorithms. The 3DPS was used to measure body circumferences, and then %BF was estimated using its beta-software. While skinfold callipers showed poor absolute reliability (mean differences (Δ) [95% CI] = 0.54% [0.22, 0.87], standard error of measurement (SEM) = 0.63%), ultrasound and the 3DPS showed excellent absolute (Δ = 0.17% [-0.25, 0.58], SEM = 0.78%; and Δ = -0.01% [-0.43, 0.40], SEM = 0.67%, respectively) and relative reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.988 [0.979, 0.993]; and ICC2,1 = 0.983 [0.968, 0.991], respectively). Compared to ADP (n = 43), skinfold callipers underestimated %BF (Δ = -4.53 [-7.72, -1.34]; p = 0.003), while ultrasound (Δ = -0.32 [-3.51, 2.87]; p = 0.99) and the 3DPS (Δ = 1.06 [-2.12. 4.26]; p = 0.77) were not significantly different. Bland-Altman plots showed a minimal bias of ultrasound [95% limit of agreement (LOA) = -7.87, 7.23] and the 3DPS [95% LOA = -6.66, 8.79]. In conclusion, estimating %BF from subcutaneous fat measurements using ultrasound and body circumferences using a 3DPS may be reliable and valid methods that require minimal technician expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer J Lee
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terence Boateng
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Plastina
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shane Cleary
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liuye Huang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michaela Kucab
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stella Paterakis
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil R Brett
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rech N, Bressel E, Louder T. Predictive Ability of Body Fat Percentage and Thigh Anthropometrics on Tissue Cooling During Cold-Water Immersion. J Athl Train 2021; 56:548-554. [PMID: 33150428 DOI: 10.4085/40-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a common aid in exercise recovery. The effectiveness of CWI depends on the magnitude of muscle and core cooling. Individual cooling responses to CWI vary and are likely influenced by the CWI dose and individual physiological characteristics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate body fat percentage and thigh anthropometric values as predictors of intramuscular and skin-cooling responses to CWI. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING Sports medicine research center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixteen young adults (8 males, 8 females, age = 24.3 ± 1.84 years, height = 176.4 ± 12.7 cm, mass = 86.6 ± 29.4 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Body fat percentage was measured using a 3-site skinfold assessment. Thigh length, thigh circumference, anterior thigh adipose thickness, anterior thigh muscle thickness, and thigh volume were estimated using manual and ultrasound methods. Using sterile techniques, we placed thermocouple probes in the belly of the rectus femoris (2-cm deep to the subadipose tissue) and on the anterior midthigh surface. Participants cycled on an ergometer for 30 minutes at a target heart rate of 130 to 150 beats/min. Postexercise, participants were placed in CWI (immersion depth to the iliac crest; 10°C) until intramuscular temperature was 7°C below pre-exercise baseline temperature, with a maximum immersion duration of 30 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Intramuscular rectus femoris and thigh skin temperatures measured postexercise, after 10 and 15 minutes of CWI, and post-CWI. RESULTS Body fat percentage significantly predicted the rectus femoris cooling magnitude and rate after 10 minutes of CWI, 15 minutes of CWI, and post-CWI (P < .001; R2 range = 0.58-0.67). Thigh anthropometric values significantly predicted the thigh skin-cooling rate post-CWI (P = .049; R2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS A simple 3-site skinfold assessment may improve the effective prescription of CWI by allowing estimation of the dose required for minimal muscle tissue cooling.
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Elsey AM, Lowe AK, Cornell AN, Whitehead PN, Conners RT. Comparison of the Three-Site and Seven-Site Measurements in Female Collegiate Athletes Using BodyMetrix™. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:230-238. [PMID: 34055165 PMCID: PMC8136548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One method to measure body composition that is gaining popularity is the BodyMetrix™, which uses A-mode ultrasound. A-mode ultrasound, when used with the BodyMetrix™, has been found to be a reliable and a cost-effective tool for measuring overall body fat percentage. Furthermore, the portability and short duration testing features of the BodyMetrix™, allows for testing of a large group of athletes inside or outside of a clinical setting. Despite these advantages, research regarding the BodyMetrix™ is limited and has primarily focused on the seven-site testing technique. However, the three-site technique allows for faster testing and a reduction of time needed to test an entire team or multiple sports teams. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the three-site and seven-site methods using the BodyMetrix™ to determine body fat percentage in female collegiate athletes. It was hypothesized that body fat percentage determined via the seven-site method would be different from those obtained by three-site measurement technique. Study participants included 40 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-II female athletes from volleyball, soccer, and softball teams. The Jackson Pollock three-site (thigh, suprailiac, triceps) and seven-site (thigh, suprailiac, triceps, abdominal, subscapular, chest, and axilla) equations were used to determine body fat percentage values. The time required to perform the three-site and seven-site measurements were also recorded. A paired samples t-test was used to assess if there was a difference between the three-site and the seven-site body fat percentage measurements with the use of the BodyMetrix™ . The three-site method (23.21 ± 3.61) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to the seven- site method (25.75 ± 4.39). On average, the three-site technique took 2 minutes and 13 seconds less than the seven-site technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Elsey
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Alister K Lowe
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Ashley N Cornell
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Paul N Whitehead
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Ryan T Conners
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Kasper AM, Langan-Evans C, Hudson JF, Brownlee TE, Harper LD, Naughton RJ, Morton JP, Close GL. Come Back Skinfolds, All Is Forgiven: A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Common Body Composition Methods in Applied Sports Practice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041075. [PMID: 33806245 PMCID: PMC8065383 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the assessment of body composition is routine practice in sport, there remains considerable debate on the best tools available, with the chosen technique often based upon convenience rather than understanding the method and its limitations. The aim of this manuscript was threefold: (1) provide an overview of the common methodologies used within sport to measure body composition, specifically hydro-densitometry, air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis and spectroscopy, ultra-sound, three-dimensional scanning, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and skinfold thickness; (2) compare the efficacy of what are widely believed to be the most accurate (DXA) and practical (skinfold thickness) assessment tools and (3) provide a framework to help select the most appropriate assessment in applied sports practice including insights from the authors' experiences working in elite sport. Traditionally, skinfold thickness has been the most popular method of body composition but the use of DXA has increased in recent years, with a wide held belief that it is the criterion standard. When bone mineral content needs to be assessed, and/or when it is necessary to take limb-specific estimations of fat and fat-free mass, then DXA appears to be the preferred method, although it is crucial to be aware of the logistical constraints required to produce reliable data, including controlling food intake, prior exercise and hydration status. However, given the need for simplicity and after considering the evidence across all assessment methods, skinfolds appear to be the least affected by day-to-day variability, leading to the conclusion 'come back skinfolds, all is forgiven'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Kasper
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Carl Langan-Evans
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - James F. Hudson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Thomas E. Brownlee
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Liam D. Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (L.D.H.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Robert J. Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (L.D.H.); (R.J.N.)
| | - James P. Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Graeme L. Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (A.M.K.); (C.L.-E.); (J.F.H.); (T.E.B.); (J.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-151-904-6266
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Ultrasound Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Are Robust Against Hydration Changes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:244-249. [PMID: 33508779 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is an appealing tool to assess body composition, combining the portability of a field method with the accuracy of a laboratory method. However, unlike other body composition methods, the effect of hydration status on validity is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of acute hydration changes on ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness and estimates of body fat percentage. In a crossover design, 11 adults (27.1 ± 10.5 years) completed dehydration and hyperhydration trials to alter body mass by approximately ±2%. Dehydration was achieved via humid heat (40 °C, 60% relative humidity) with exercise, whereas hyperhydration was via ingestion of lightly salted water. Ultrasound measurements were taken at 11 body sites before and after each treatment. Participants lost 1.56 ± 0.58 kg (-2.0 ± 0.6%) during the dehydration trial and gained 0.90 ± 0.21 kg (1.2 ± 0.2%) during the hyperhydration trial even after urination. The sum of fat thicknesses as measured by ultrasound differed by <0.90 mm across trials (p = .588), and ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage differed by <0.5% body fat. Ultrasound measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue were unaffected by acute changes in hydration status by extents beyond which are rare and overtly self-correcting, suggesting that this method provides reliable and robust body composition results even when subjects are not euhydrated.
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Koutnik AP, Favre ME, Noboa K, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Moss SE, Goubran B, Ari C, Poff AM, Rogers CQ, DeBlasi JM, Samy B, Moussa M, Serrador JM, D'Agostino DP. Human Adaptations to Multiday Saturation on NASA NEEMO. Front Physiol 2021; 11:610000. [PMID: 33510647 PMCID: PMC7835980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.610000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adaptation to extreme environments has been explored for over a century to understand human psychology, integrated physiology, comparative pathologies, and exploratory potential. It has been demonstrated that these environments can provide multiple external stimuli and stressors, which are sufficient to disrupt internal homeostasis and induce adaptation processes. Multiday hyperbaric and/or saturated (HBS) environments represent the most understudied of environmental extremes due to inherent experimental, analytical, technical, temporal, and safety limitations. National Aeronautic Space Agency (NASA) Extreme Environment Mission Operation (NEEMO) is a space-flight analog mission conducted within Florida International University’s Aquarius Undersea Research Laboratory (AURL), the only existing operational and habitable undersea saturated environment. To investigate human objective and subjective adaptations to multiday HBS, we evaluated aquanauts living at saturation for 9–10 days via NASA NEEMO 22 and 23, across psychologic, cardiac, respiratory, autonomic, thermic, hemodynamic, sleep, and body composition parameters. We found that aquanauts exposed to saturation over 9–10 days experienced intrapersonal physical and mental burden, sustained good mood and work satisfaction, decreased heart and respiratory rates, increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic modulation, lower cerebral blood flow velocity, intact cerebral autoregulation and maintenance of baroreflex functionality, as well as losses in systemic bodyweight and adipose tissue. Together, these findings illustrate novel insights into human adaptation across multiple body systems in response to multiday hyperbaric saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Koutnik
- Human Health, Resilience, & Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michelle E Favre
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Karina Noboa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Sara E Moss
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bishoy Goubran
- Department of Psychiatry, Larkin Health System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Csilla Ari
- Department of Psychology, Hyperbaric Neuroscience Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Angela M Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Chris Q Rogers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Janine M DeBlasi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bishoy Samy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Mark Moussa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jorge M Serrador
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Electronics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Human Health, Resilience, & Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL, United States
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Petraş A, Drăgoi RG, Pupazan V, Drăgoi M, Popa D, Neagu A. Using Portable Ultrasound to Monitor the Neuromuscular Reactivity to Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010065. [PMID: 33401607 PMCID: PMC7824493 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is useful for muscle strengthening and for motor restoration of stroke patients. Using a portable ultrasound instrument, we developed an M-mode imaging protocol to visualize contractions elicited by NMES in the quadriceps muscle group. To quantify muscle activation, we performed digital image processing based on the Teager–Kaiser energy operator. The proposed method was applied for 35 voluntary patients (18 women and 17 men), of 63.8 ± 14.1 years and body mass index (BMI) 30.2 ± 6.70 kg/m2 (mean ± standard deviation). Biphasic, rectangular electric pulses of 350 µs duration were applied at two frequencies (60 Hz and 120 Hz), and ultrasound was used to assess the sensory threshold (ST) and motor threshold (MT) amplitude of the NMES signal. The MT was 23.4 ± 4.94 mA, whereas the MT to ST ratio was 2.69 ± 0.57. Linear regression analysis revealed that MT correlates poorly with body mass index (R2 = 0.004) or with the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer that covers the treated muscle (R2 = 0.013). Our work suggests that ultrasound is suitable to visualize neuromuscular reactivity during electrotherapy. The proposed method can be used in the clinic, enabling the physiotherapist to establish personalized treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Petraş
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Balneology and Rheumatology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (A.P.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Răzvan Gabriel Drăgoi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Balneology and Rheumatology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (A.P.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vasile Pupazan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041Timişoara, Romania; (V.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Mihai Drăgoi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Balneology and Rheumatology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (A.P.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Popa
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Balneology and Rheumatology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (A.P.); (M.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Adrian Neagu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, 300041Timişoara, Romania; (V.P.); (A.N.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Sizoo D, de Heide LJM, Emous M, van Zutphen T, Navis G, van Beek AP. Measuring Muscle Mass and Strength in Obesity: a Review of Various Methods. Obes Surg 2021; 31:384-393. [PMID: 33159294 PMCID: PMC7808984 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lower muscle mass in populations with obesity is associated obesity-related diseases like hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss. During the weight reduction, loss of muscle should be minimized. Thus reliable quantification of muscle mass is much needed and therefore the also the need for validated methods. Imaging methods, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan, have been the gold standard for many years. However, these methods are costly and have limitations such as the maximum weight. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is currently the most used alternative. Other, less expensive methods are very limited in their validation in populations with morbid obesity. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding measuring muscle mass and strength in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne Sizoo
- Department of Health and Food, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Loek J M de Heide
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Emous
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Health and Food, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrolog, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Center Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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U S, K. PT, K S. Computer aided diagnosis of obesity based on thermal imaging using various convolutional neural networks. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Interrater reliability of novice examiners using A-mode ultrasound and skinfolds to measure subcutaneous body fat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244019. [PMID: 33315956 PMCID: PMC7735566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Examiners with minimal training and skill are often called upon to make body composition assessments using field methods. This study compared the interrater reliability of novice examiners for the skinfold (SKF) and A-mode ultrasound (US) methods of body composition assessment. Undergraduate Kinesiology majors (48 males, 32 females) with minimal training took both SKF and US measurements at three sites (males: chest, abdomen, thigh; females: triceps, suprailiac, thigh). Interrater reliability was significantly better for US compared to SKF at the thigh (ICCUS = 0.975, ICCSKF = 0.912) and abdomen (ICCUS = 0.984, ICCSKF = 0.693) for men and suprailiac (ICCUS = 0.978, ICCSKF = 0.883) for women. Additionally, interrater reliability of the US method was superior to the SKF method for the estimate of male body fat percentage (ICCUS = 0.990, ICCSKF = 0.862). The 95% CI was generally narrower for the US method than the SKF method at each site. The interrater reliability of the US method was superior to or equal to the SKF method for measuring subcutaneous body fat when novice examiners took the measurements.
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Use of Anthropometry Versus Ultrasound for the Assessment of Body Fat and Comorbidities in Children With Obesity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:782-788. [PMID: 32740519 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association between abdominal fat measured by ultrasound and anthropometric indices in children with obesity, and those with normal weight. We also examined the association between anthropometry and fat measures in the prediction of comorbidities in children with obesity. METHODS Forty children with body mass index of >95th percentile were included as cases, and a comparable group of 32 healthy average-weight peers were included as controls in this study. All children underwent clinical assessment, anthropometric measures, and evaluation of abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF) and visceral fat by ultrasound. Fasting blood sugar, serum transaminases, and lipid profile of all the included children were also evaluated. RESULTS Children with obesity had a mean age of 8.7 ± 2.9 years (range 3-13). The SCF and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) values correlated well with each other and with anthropometric measurements in children with obesity. Among all the included cases, 90% were metabolically unhealthy, 70% had hypertension, 52.5% had dyslipidemia, and 22.5% had echogenic liver. Anthropometric measures, abdominal SCF and IPF were higher in children with complications. SCF was observed as a good predictor for hepatic echogenicity among the measured ultrasound parameters (P: 0.03, odds ratio 4.6). The best cutoff value for SCF in cases with hepatic echogenicity was 23.2 mm with an overall accuracy of 80%. CONCLUSIONS In children with obesity, abdominal SCF and IPF correlated well with anthropometric measures and were higher in children with comorbidities. This finding, however, did not predict comorbidities apart from those with echogenic liver.
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Wells AD, Bellovary BN, Houck JM, Ducharme JB, Masoud AA, Gibson AL, Mermier CM. New Multisite Bioelectrical Impedance Device Compared to Hydrostatic Weighing and Skinfold Body Fat Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:1718-1728. [PMID: 33414878 PMCID: PMC7745910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the Skulpt Chisel™ to seven-site skinfold (SKF) and hydrostatic weighing (HW) body fat percentage (%BF) estimates. Twenty-six participants (aged 24 ± 4 years; BMI 23.1 ± 3.5 kg·m-2) were assessed. Significant differences in %BF estimates were found for all methodological pairings; p < 0.05. The SKF method underestimated %BF compared to HW (-2.52 ± 3.42 %BF). The Skulpt Chisel™ overestimated %BF compared to both HW (3.38 ± 6.10 %BF) and SKF (5.90 ± 5.26 %BF). Limits of agreement comparing HW to Skulpt Chisel™ indicated a difference between 95% confidence interval bounds (Upper bound: 5.84 %BF, Lower bound 0.92 %BF) and for HW to SKF (Upper bound: -1.14 %BF, Lower bound: -3.91 %BF). Regression analysis showed no significant bias for any methodological pairing; (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the Skulpt Chisel™ method should be used with caution when evaluating %BF of adults with similar demographics reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Wells
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bryanne N Bellovary
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan M Houck
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdulaziz A Masoud
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ann L Gibson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine M Mermier
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Reliability of body composition assessment using A-mode ultrasound in a heterogeneous sample. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:438-445. [PMID: 32917960 PMCID: PMC7943421 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Several studies have addressed the validity of ultrasound (US) for body composition assessment, but few have evaluated its reliability. This study aimed to determine the reliability of percent body fat (%BF) estimates using A-mode US in a heterogeneous sample. Subjects/Methods A group of 144 healthy adults (81 men and 63 women), 30.4 (10.1) years (mean (SD)), BMI 24.6 (4.7) kg/m2, completed 6 consecutive measurements of the subcutaneous fat layer thickness at 8 anatomical sites. The measurements were done, alternatively, by two testers, using a BodyMetrix™ instrument. To compute %BF, 4 formulas from the BodyView™ software were applied: 7-sites Jackson and Pollock, 3-sites Jackson and Pollock, 3-sites Pollock, and 1-point biceps. Results The formula with the most anatomic sites provided the best reliability quantified by the following measures: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.979 for Tester 1 (T1) and 0.985 for T2, technical error of measurement (TEM) = 1.07% BF for T1 and 0.89% BF for T2, and minimal detectable change (MDC) = 2.95% BF for T1, and 2.47% BF for T2. The intertester bias was −0.5% BF, whereas the intertester ICC was 0.972. The intertester MDC was 3.43% BF for the entire sample, 3.24% BF for men, and 3.65% BF for women. Conclusions A-mode US is highly reliable for %BF assessments, but it is more precise for men than for women. Examiner performance is a source of variability that needs to be mitigated to further improve the precision of this technique.
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Benevides FT, Araujo Júnior E, Maia CSC, Montenegro Junior RM, Carvalho FHC. Ultrasound evaluation of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2216-2226. [PMID: 32567410 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1781808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Studies of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat thickness evaluated by ultrasound as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been published, but the best technique and standardization are unknown. To identify, critically evaluate, and analyze studies using subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat as a model for predicting GDM in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and evaluate their methodological quality.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from May to July 2019. We included studies of any sample size performed for any duration and in any configuration. Model development and validation studies were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently performed the eligibility assessment of the studies by reviewing the titles and abstracts. Data on study design, gestational age, diagnostic criteria for GDM, device, ultrasound fat measurement technique, and cutoff point for GDM prediction were extracted.Results: The electronic search resulted in 1331 articles, of which 14 were eligible for systematic review. Different criteria for diagnosing GDM and fat measurement techniques were used. The cutoff point for subcutaneous, visceral, and total abdominal fat for predicting GDM in the first and second trimesters varied between the studies.Conclusion: No study validated the model for predicting GDM using subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat measurements. External validation studies are recommended to improve the generalization of this GDM predictor in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Medical Course, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Bela Vista Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Soraya Costa Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
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Nagel E, Hickey M, Teigen L, Kuchnia A, Holm T, Earthman C, Demerath E, Ramel S. Can Ultrasound Measures of Muscle and Adipose Tissue Thickness Predict Body Composition of Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:323-330. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Nagel
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Marie Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Levi Teigen
- Department of Gastroenterology University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Adam Kuchnia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Tara Holm
- Department of Radiology University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Carrie Earthman
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- School of Public Health University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Sara Ramel
- Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Wagner DR, Teramoto M, Judd T, Gordon J, McPherson C, Robison A. Comparison of A-mode and B-mode Ultrasound for Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:944-951. [PMID: 31948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With lower-cost devices and technologic advancements, ultrasound has been undergoing a resurgence as a method to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue. We aimed to determine whether a low-cost, 2.5-MHz amplitude (A-mode) ultrasound, designed specifically for body composition assessment, could produce subcutaneous fat thickness measurements comparable to an expensive, 12-MHz brightness (B-mode) device. Fat thickness was measured on 40 participants (20 female, 20 male; 29.7 ± 11.1 y of age; body mass index 24.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2) at 7 sites (chest, subscapula, mid-axilla, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac and thigh) with both devices. Intraclass correlations exceeded 0.75 at all measurement sites. Mean differences in fat thickness were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and within ± 1.0 mm. Variability between devices was greatest at the abdomen, the site with the greatest thickness. The low-cost, low-resolution A-mode ultrasound provides subcutaneous fat thickness measurements similar to the more expensive, high-resolution B-mode ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Wagner
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trenton Judd
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Joshua Gordon
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Casey McPherson
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Adrianna Robison
- Kinesiology & Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Cremona A, Hayes K, O’Gorman CS, Laighin CN, Ismail KI, Donnelly AE, Hamilton J, Cotter A. Inter and intra-reliability of ultrasonography for the measurement of abdominal subcutaneous & visceral adipose tissue thickness at 12 weeks gestation. BMC Med Imaging 2019; 19:95. [PMID: 31847832 PMCID: PMC6916062 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess abdominal adiposity cause metabolic disturbances, particularly in pregnancy. Methods of accurate measurement are limited in pregnancy due to risks associated with these procedures. This study outlines a non-invasive methodology for the measurement of adipose tissue in pregnancy and determines the intra- and inter-observer reliability of ultrasound (US) measurements of the two components of adipose tissue (subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) within a pregnant population. METHODS Thirty pregnant women were recruited at the end of their first trimester, from routine antenatal clinic at the University Maternity Hospital Limerick, Ireland. Measurements of adipose tissue thickness were obtained using a GE Voluson E8 employing a 1-5 MHz curvilinear array transducer. Two observers, employing methodological rigour in US technique, measured thickness of adipose tissue three times, and segmented the US image systematically in order to define measurements of SAT and VAT using specifically pre-defined anatomical landmarks. RESULTS Intra-observer and inter-observer precision was assessed using Coefficient of Variation (CV). Measurements of SAT and total adipose for both observers were < 5% CV and < 10% CV for VAT in measures by both observers. Inter-observer reliability was assessed by Limits of Agreement (LoA). LoA were determined to be - 0.45 to 0.46 cm for SAT and - 0.34 to 0.53 cm for VAT values. Systematic bias of SAT measurement was 0.01 cm and 0.10 cm for VAT. Inter-observer precision was also assessed by coefficient of variation (CV: SAT, 3.1%; VAT, 7.2%; Total adipose, 3.0%). CONCLUSION Intra-observer precision was found to be acceptable for measures of SAT, VAT and total adipose according to anthropometric criterion, with higher precision reported in SAT values than in VAT. Inter-observer reliability assessed by Limits-Of-Agreement (LoA) confirm anthropometrically reliable to 0.5 cm. Systematic bias was minimal for both measures, falling within 95% confidence intervals. These results suggest that US can produce reliable, repeatable and accurate measures of SAT and VAT during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cremona
- Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health (SAH), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Institute of Nutrition & Dietetics (INDI), Dublin, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences (PESS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin Hayes
- Department of Statistics, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Clodagh S. O’Gorman
- Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ciara Ní Laighin
- Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- University Maternity Hospital Limerick (UMHL), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Khadijah I. Ismail
- Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- University Maternity Hospital Limerick (UMHL), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan E. Donnelly
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences (PESS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Amanda Cotter
- Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- University Maternity Hospital Limerick (UMHL), Limerick, Ireland
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Kuehne TE, Yitzchaki N, Jessee MB, Graves BS, Buckner SL. A comparison of acute changes in muscle thickness between A-mode and B-mode ultrasound. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:115004. [PMID: 31631884 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab4f14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare acute changes in muscle thickness (MT) between A-mode and B-mode ultrasound before and after four sets of biceps curls. APPROACH Participants visited the laboratory on two separate occasions. The first visit consisted of paperwork and one repetition maximum (1RM) strength assessment. During the second visit, participants performed four sets of biceps curls to volitional failure using an exercise load equal to 70% of 1RM or a time-matched non-exercise control. MT measurements were taken before and immediately after exercise. MT measures were taken using both A-mode and B-mode ultrasound. MAIN RESULTS Results are displayed as mean (SD). A total of 49 resistance-trained men (n = 24) and women (n = 25) completed the study. There was no group (experimental versus control) by mode (A-mode versus B-mode) by time interaction (p = 0.442). However, there was a group (experimental versus control) × time (pre versus post) interaction (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased from pre (3.61 (0.86) cm) to post exercise (4.06 (0.92) cm) in the experimental group (p < 0.001). However, there was no change from pre (3.46 (0.78) cm) to post (3.48 (0.78) cm) in the time-matched control group (p = 0.237). There was a main effect for ultrasound mode (A-mode versus B-mode) (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness values as measured by A-mode ultrasound were lower than those measured by B-mode ultrasound pre (A-mode = 3.43 (0.79) cm versus B-mode = 3.63 (0.84) cm) and post (A-mode = 3.67 (0.87) cm versus B-mode = 3.83 (0.91) cm) intervention. SIGNIFICANCE MT measurements taken using A-mode ultrasound are lower than those of B-mode ultrasound. Despite this difference, it appears A-mode can detect similar acute changes in MT following resistance exercise when compared to B-mode ultrasound. These results suggest that A-mode ultrasound can serve as a useful tool when examining acute changes in MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla E Kuehne
- USF Muscle Lab, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
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da Silva Siqueira K, Maia JM. High-power therapeutic ultrasound for treatment of abdominal localized adiposity-double-blind randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:927-938. [PMID: 31686255 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-power therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of abdominal localized adiposity in an isolated manner, with the use of neutral gel comparing ultrasonic application with 5% lipolytic active caffeine gel (phonophoresis). A total of 90 healthy women aged between 18 and 40 years were randomized and divided into two groups. The volunteers underwent anamnesis evaluation, perimetry, bioimpedance, ultrasound examination, and blood tests (complete lipidogram, creatinine, and vitamin D) before and after the end of the 10-session ultrasound protocol (3 MHz, 2 W/cm2, and 30w). Comparisons between groups and pre-post evaluation were performed by a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Values of p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both groups, for the perimetry (p < 0.001) and measurements of adipose tissue thickness (p < 0.001). The examinations exhibited a significant alteration only of the complete lipidogram, but without significance (p > 0.05). When comparing the groups, no statistically significant difference was identified in any of the analyzed parameters. The high-power ultrasonic therapy is efficient in reducing localized adiposity, regardless of whether it is applied with neutral gel or 5% caffeine gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina da Silva Siqueira
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Miguel Maia
- Electronics Engineering Department (DAELN) and Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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