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Walker MA, Li S, Livak KJ, Karaa A, Wu CJ, Mootha VK. T cell activation contributes to purifying selection against the MELAS-associated m.3243A>G pathogenic variant in blood. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:757-765. [PMID: 38499449 PMCID: PMC11251844 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
T cells have been shown to maintain a lower percentage (heteroplasmy) of the pathogenic m.3243A>G variant (MT-TL1, associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness [MIDD] and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes [MELAS]). The mechanism(s) underlying this purifying selection, however, remain unknown. Here we report that purified patient memory CD4+ T cells have lower bulk m.3243A>G heteroplasmy compared to naïve CD4+ T cells. In vitro activation of naïve CD4+ m.3243A>G patient T cells results in lower bulk m.3243A>G heteroplasmy after proliferation. Finally, m.3243A>G patient T cell receptor repertoire sequencing reveals relative oligoclonality compared to controls. These data support a role for T cell activation in peripheral, purifying selection against high m.3243A>G heteroplasmy T cells at the level of the cell, in a likely cell-autonomous fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Walker
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amel Karaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Darden C, Donkor JE, Korolkova O, Barozai MYK, Chaudhuri M. Distinct structural motifs are necessary for targeting and import of Tim17 in Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrion. mSphere 2024; 9:e0055823. [PMID: 38193679 PMCID: PMC10871166 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00558-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins are correctly translocated to their proper sub-mitochondrial destination using location-specific mitochondrial targeting signals and via multi-protein import machineries (translocases) in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (TOM and TIMs, respectively). However, targeting signals of multi-pass Tims are less defined. Here, we report the characterization of the targeting signals of Trypanosoma brucei Tim17 (TbTim17), an essential component of the most divergent TIM complex. TbTim17 possesses a characteristic secondary structure including four predicted transmembrane (TM) domains in the center with hydrophilic N- and C-termini. After examining mitochondrial localization of various deletion and site-directed mutants of TbTim17 in T. brucei using subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy, we located at least two internal targeting signals (ITS): (i) within TM1 (31-50 AAs) and (ii) TM4 + loop 3 (120-136 AAs). Both signals are required for proper targeting and integration of TbTim17 in the membrane. Furthermore, a positively charged residue (K122) is critical for mitochondrial localization of TbTim17. This is the first report of characterizing the ITS for a multipass inner membrane protein in a divergent eukaryote, like T. brucei.IMPORTANCEAfrican trypanosomiasis (AT) is a deadly disease in human and domestic animals, caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Therefore, AT is not only a concern for human health but also for economic development in the vast area of sub-Saharan Africa. T. brucei possesses a single mitochondrion per cell that imports hundreds of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins for its functions. T. brucei Tim17 (TbTim17), an essential component of the TbTIM17 complex, is a nuclear-encoded protein; thus, it is necessary to be imported from the cytosol to form the TbTIM17 complex. Here, we demonstrated that the internal targeting signals within the transmembrane 1 (TM1) and TM4 with loop 3, and residue K122 are required collectively for import and integration of TbTim17 in the T. brucei mitochondrion. This information could be utilized to block TbTim17 function and parasite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chauncey Darden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph E. Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olga Korolkova
- The Consolidated Research Instrumentation, Informatics, Statistics, and Learning Integration Suite (CRISALIS), Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Minu Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ma L, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang X, Xie Y, Li X, Yang B, Yang H. The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:148. [PMID: 37907885 PMCID: PMC10617243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are linked to imbalances of gut microbiota and the abnormal generation of microbial metabolites. Similarly, a body of recent evidence revealed that biological alterations of mitochondria ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology can also exert significant effects on the occurrence of DKD. Based on the prevailing theory of endosymbiosis, it is believed that human mitochondria originated from microorganisms and share comparable biological characteristics with the microbiota found in the gut. Recent research has shown a strong correlation between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders. The gut microbiome's metabolites may play a vital role in this communication. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the development of DKD is not yet fully understood, and the role of microbial metabolites is still unclear. Recent studies are highlighted in this review to examine the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in the progression of DKD and the new therapeutic approaches for preventing or reducing DKD based on this biological axis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China.
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Tummolo A, Melpignano L. The Reciprocal Interplay between Infections and Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2545. [PMID: 37894204 PMCID: PMC10608884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent the main cause of acute metabolic derangements and/or the worsening of the clinical course of many inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). The basic molecular mechanisms behind the role of infections in these conditions have not been completely clarified. This review points out the different mechanisms behind the relationship between IMDs and infections, providing an overview of this still-under-investigated area. Classically, infections have been considered as the consequence of a compromised immune system due to a biochemical defect of energy production. An adjunctive pathogenetic mechanism is related to a genetically altered protein-attached glycans composition, due to congenital glycosilation defects. In addition, a dietary regimen with a reduced intake of both micro- and macronutrients can potentially compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with an infection. There is recent pre-clinical evidence showing that during infections there may be a disruption of substrates of various metabolic pathways, leading to further cellular metabolic alteration. Therefore, infective agents may affect cellular metabolic pathways, by mediation or not of an altered immune system. The data reviewed here strongly suggest that the role of infections in many types of IMDs deserves greater attention for a better management of these disorders and a more focused therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Livio Melpignano
- Medical Direction, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Darden C, Donkor J, Korolkova O, Khan Barozai MY, Chaudhuri M. Distinct structural motifs are necessary for targeting and import of Tim17 in Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.548172. [PMID: 37461662 PMCID: PMC10350046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins are correctly translocated to their proper sub-mitochondrial destination using location specific mitochondrial targeting signals (MTSs) and via multi-protein import machineries (translocases) in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (TOM and TIMs, respectively). However, MTSs of multi-pass Tims are less defined. Here we report the characterization of the MTSs of Trypanosoma brucei Tim17 (TbTim17), an essential component of the most divergent TIM complex. TbTim17 possesses a characteristic secondary structure including four predicted transmembrane (TM) domains in the center with hydrophilic N- and C-termini. After examining mitochondrial localization of various deletion and site-directed mutants of TbTim17 in T. brucei using subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy we located at least two internal signals, 1) within TM1 (31-50 AAs) and 2) TM4 + Loop 3 (120-136 AAs). Both signals are required for proper targeting and integration of TbTim17 in the membrane. Furthermore, a positively charged residue (K 122 ) is critical for mitochondrial localization of TbTim17. This is the first report of characterizing the internal mitochondrial targeting signals (ITS) for a multipass inner membrane protein in a divergent eukaryote, like T. brucei . Summary Internal targeting signals within the TM1, TM4 with Loop 3, and residue K122 are required collectively for import and integration of TbTim17 in the T. brucei mitochondrion. This information could be utilized to block parasite growth.
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Landscape of Well-Coordinated Fracture Healing in a Mouse Model Using Molecular and Cellular Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043569. [PMID: 36834981 PMCID: PMC9964763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of fracture healing relies on overlapping but coordinated cellular and molecular events. Characterizing an outline of differential gene regulation throughout successful healing is essential for identifying crucial phase-specific markers and may serve as the basis for engineering these in challenging healing situations. This study analyzed the healing progression of a standard closed femoral fracture model in C57BL/6N (age = 8 weeks) wild-type male mice. The fracture callus was assessed across various days post fracture (D = days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28) by microarray, with D0 serving as a control. Histological analyses were carried out on samples from D7 until D28 to support the molecular findings. Microarray analysis revealed a differential regulation of immune response, angiogenesis, ossification, extracellular matrix regulation, mitochondrial and ribosomal genes during healing. In-depth analysis showed differential regulation of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes during the initial phase of healing. Furthermore, the differential gene expression showed an essential role of Serpin Family F Member 1 over the well-known Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in angiogenesis, especially during the inflammatory phase. The significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and bone sialoprotein from D3 until D21 asserts their importance in bone mineralization. The study also shows type I collagen around osteocytes located in the ossified region at the periosteal surface during the first week of healing. Histological analysis of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein and extracellular signal-regulated kinase stressed their roles in bone homeostasis and the physiological bone-healing process. This study reveals previously unknown and novel candidates, that could serve as a target for specific time points in healing and to remedy cases of impaired healing.
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Wang Y, Schughart K, Pelaia TM, Chew T, Kim K, Karvunidis T, Knippenberg B, Teoh S, Phu AL, Short KR, Iredell J, Thevarajan I, Audsley J, Macdonald S, Burcham J, Tang B, McLean A, Shojaei M. Pathway and Network Analyses Identify Growth Factor Signaling and MMP9 as Potential Mediators of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032524. [PMID: 36768847 PMCID: PMC9917147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with preexisting metabolic disorders such as diabetes are at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mitochondrion, the very organelle that controls cellular metabolism, holds the key to understanding disease progression at the cellular level. Our current study aimed to understand how cellular metabolism contributes to COVID-19 outcomes. Metacore pathway enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes (encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) involved in cellular metabolism, regulation of mitochondrial respiration and organization, and apoptosis, was performed on RNA sequencing (RNASeq) data from blood samples collected from healthy controls and patients with mild/moderate or severe COVID-19. Genes from the enriched pathways were analyzed by network analysis to uncover interactions among them and up- or downstream genes within each pathway. Compared to the mild/moderate COVID-19, the upregulation of a myriad of growth factor and cell cycle signaling pathways, with concomitant downregulation of interferon signaling pathways, were observed in the severe group. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) was found in five of the top 10 upregulated pathways, indicating its potential as therapeutic target against COVID-19. In summary, our data demonstrates aberrant activation of endocrine signaling in severe COVID-19, and its implication in immune and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School Nepean, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Institute of Virology Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tiana Maria Pelaia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatics Hub, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karan Kim
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Thomas Karvunidis
- Medical ICU, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University and Teaching Hospital Pilsen, 323 00 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Ben Knippenberg
- Department of Microbiology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Sally Teoh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Amy L. Phu
- Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, CNR Darcy and Hawkesbury Roads, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School Westmead, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Disease, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen Macdonald
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Emergency Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Jonathon Burcham
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Bentley Group, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony McLean
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School Nepean, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maryam Shojaei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School Nepean, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.S.)
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The Credible Role of Curcumin in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mammals. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101405. [PMID: 36291614 PMCID: PMC9599178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or lack of adequate antioxidant defenses causes DNA mutations in mitochondria, damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and alters membrane permeability and mitochondrial defense mechanisms. All these alterations are linked to the development of numerous diseases. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric plant rhizomes, exhibits numerous biological activities (i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial). In recent years, many researchers have shown evidence that curcumin has the ability to reduce the oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s antioxidant mechanism and significance in oxidative stress reduction and suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction in mammals. We also discuss the research gaps and give our opinion on how curcumin research in mammals should proceed moving forward.
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Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
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10
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Habeichi NJ, Tannous C, Yabluchanskiy A, Altara R, Mericskay M, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Insights into the modulation of the interferon response and NAD + in the context of COVID-19. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:464-474. [PMID: 34378474 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1961768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in dramatic worldwide mortality. Along with developing vaccines, the medical profession is exploring new strategies to curb this pandemic. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 cellular infection could lead to more effective and safer treatments. This review discusses the potential underlying impact of SARS-CoV-2 in modulating interferon (IFN) secretion and in causing mitochondrial NAD+ depletion that could be directly linked to COVID-19's deadly manifestations. What is known or surmised about an imbalanced innate immune response and mitochondrial dysfunction post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the potential benefits of well-timed IFN treatments and NAD+ boosting therapies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cynthia Tannous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Reuter S. ExActa Mitochondria - more than just batteries for cellular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13852. [PMID: 35723182 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex small organelles of eukaryotic cells and build the cellular source of energy. Several morphological features of mitochondria such as the double membrane and the circular DNA structure support the thesis that they originated from a prokaryotic eubacterial ancestor that has been taken up by the eukaryotic cell very early during the eukaryotic evolution. Since this "uptake-event" mitochondria were integrated into cellular processes and regulation which was realized by the transfer of mitochondrial genes into the host cell genome. 1 The mitochondrial genome reduced to for instance 13 encoded protein subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system in human cells. Mitochondria offer energy for the cell by producing about 95% of cellular ATP.2 Nutrients, mainly pyruvate from the glycolysis enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle and undergo iterative oxidations whereas electrons are transferred to the reduction equivalents NADH and FADH2 . These redox equivalents transport electrons to the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and protons are pumped into the perimembranal room. The F1 F0 -ATP synthase generates ATP driven by protons flowing down an electrochemical gradient during a process named oxidative phosphorylation. As a byproduct reactive oxygen species are generated. Mitochondria are more than simple batteries for the cell, they are furthermore involved in numerous vital cellular processes, among them are calcium homeostasis, cell death, fatty acid oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, cholesterol synthesis and nucleotide synthesis, topics that are frequently published in Acta Physiologica.
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12
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Li Y, Keller AL, Cryan MT, Ross AE. Metal Nanoparticle Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes Enhance Adenosine Triphosphate Surface Interactions with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:96-105. [PMID: 35479102 PMCID: PMC9026253 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important rapid signaling molecule involved in a host of pathologies in the body. Historically, ATP is difficult to directly detect electrochemically with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) due to limited interactions at bare carbon-fibers. Systematic investigations of how ATP interacts at electrode surfaces is necessary for developing more sensitive electrochemical detection methods. Here, we have developed gold nanoparticle (AuNP), and platinum nanoparticle (PtNP) modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes coupled to FSCV to measure the extent to which ATP interacts at metal nanoparticle-modified surfaces and to improve the sensitivity of direct electrochemical detection. AuNP and PtNPs were electrodeposited on the carbon-fiber surface by scanning from -1.2 to 1.5 V for 30 s in 0.5 mg/mL HAuCl4 or 0.5 mg/mLK2PtCl6. Overall, we demonstrate an average 4.1 ± 1.0-fold increase in oxidative ATP current at AuNP-modified and a 3.5 ± 0.3-fold increase at PtNP-modified electrodes. Metal nanoparticle-modified surfaces promoted improved electrocatalytic conversion of ATP oxidation products at the surface, facilitated enhanced adsorption strength and surface coverage, and significantly improved sensitivity. ATP was successfully detected within living murine lymph node tissue following exogenous application. Overall, this study demonstrates a detailed characterization of ATP oxidation at metal nanoparticle surfaces and a significantly improved method for direct electrochemical detection of ATP in tissue.
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13
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Liu A, Wei Q, Lin H, Ding Y, Sun YV, Zhao D, He J, Ma Z, Li F, Zhou S, Chen X, Shen W, Gao M, He N. Baseline Characteristics of Mitochondrial DNA and Mutations Associated With Short-Term Posttreatment CD4+T-Cell Recovery in Chinese People With HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793375. [PMID: 34970271 PMCID: PMC8712318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles and contributions of mtDNA variants to CD4+T-cell recovery in Euramerican people living with HIV (PLWH) may not be transferred to East-Asian PLWH, highlighting the need to consider more regional studies. We aimed to identify mtDNA characteristics and mutations that explain the variability of short-term CD4+T-cell recovery in East-Asian PLWH. Method Eight hundred fifty-six newly reported antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve Chinese PLWH from the Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART) cohort (Zhejiang Province, Eastern China) were enrolled. MtDNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood of those PLWH at HIV diagnosis, amplified, and sequenced using polymerase chain reaction and gene array. Characterization metrics such as mutational diversity and momentum were developed to delineate baseline mtDNA mutational patterns in ART-naïve PLWH. The associations between mtDNA genome-wide single nucleotide variants and CD4+T-cell recovery after short-term (within ~48 weeks) ART in 724 PLWH were examined using bootstrapping median regressions. Results Of 856 participants, 74.18% and 25.82% were male and female, respectively. The median age was 37 years; 94.51% were of the major Han ethnicity, and 69.04% and 28.62% were of the heterosexual and homosexual transmission, respectively. We identified 2,352 types of mtDNA mutations and mtDNA regions D-loop, ND5, CYB, or RNR1 with highest mutational diversity or volume. Female PLWH rather than male PLWH at the baseline showed remarkable age-related uptrends of momentum and mutational diversity as well as correlations between CD4+T <200 (cells/μl) and age-related uptrends of mutational diversity in many mtDNA regions. After adjustments of important sociodemographic and clinical variables, m.1005T>C, m.1824T>C, m.3394T>C, m.4491G>A, m.7828A>G, m.9814T>C, m.10586G>A, m.12338T>C, m.13708G>A, and m.14308T>C (at the Bonferroni-corrected significance) were negatively associated with short-term CD4+T-cell recovery whereas m.93A>G, m.15218A>G, and m.16399A>G were positively associated with short-term CD4+T-cell recovery. Conclusion Our baseline mtDNA characterization stresses the attention to East-Asian female PLWH at risk of CD4+T-cell loss-related aging and noncommunicable chronic diseases. Furthermore, mtDNA variants identified in regression analyses account for heterogeneity in short-term CD4+T-cell recovery of East-Asian PLWH. These results may help individualize the East-Asian immune recovery strategies under complicated HIV management caused by CD4+T-cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihu Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China
| | - Meiyang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Harris R, Yang J, Pagan K, Cho SJ, Stout-Delgado H. Antiviral Gene Expression in Young and Aged Murine Lung during H1N1 and H3N2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212097. [PMID: 34829979 PMCID: PMC8618707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory virus that alone or in combination with secondary bacterial pathogens can contribute to the development of acute pneumonia in persons >65 years of age. Host innate immune antiviral signaling early in response to influenza is essential to inhibit early viral replication and guide the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Using young adult (3 months) and aged adult mice infected with mouse adapted H1N1 or H3N2, the results of our study illustrate dysregulated and/or diminished activation of key signaling pathways in aged lung contribute to increased lung inflammation and morbidity. Specifically, within the first seven days of infection, there were significant changes in genes associated with TLR and RIG-I signaling detected in aged murine lung in response to H1N1 or H3N2. Taken together, the results of our study expand our current understanding of age-associated changes in antiviral signaling in the lung.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/microbiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pneumonia/microbiology
- Pneumonia/virology
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Virus Replication/genetics
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15
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Lee S, Jeon YM, Jo M, Kim HJ. Overexpression of SIRT3 Suppresses Oxidative Stress-induced Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:341-355. [PMID: 34737239 PMCID: PMC8572659 DOI: 10.5607/en21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a well-known mitochondrial deacetylase, is involved in mitochondrial function and metabolism under various stress conditions. In this study, we found that the expression of SIRT3 was markedly increased by oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In addition, SIRT3 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial activity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We also showed that SIRT3 overexpression attenuated rotenone- or H2O2-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (human dopaminergic cell line). We further found that knockdown of SIRT3 enhanced rotenone- or H2O2-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT3 mitigated cell death caused by LPS/IFN-γ stimulation in astrocytes. We also found that the rotenone treatment increases the level of SIRT3 in Drosophila brain. We observed that downregulation of sirt2 (Drosophila homologue of SIRT3) significantly accelerated the rotenone-induced toxicity in flies. Taken together, these findings suggest that the overexpression of SIRT3 mitigates oxidative stress-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
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16
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Kumar R, K Rajput N, Jolly B, Narwade A, Bhardwaj A. MitoLink: A generic integrated web-based workflow system to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations in human mitochondrial diseases: Observations from the GenomeAsia Pilot project. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:54-61. [PMID: 34571248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MitoLink is a generic, scalable and modular web-based workflow system developed to study genotype-phenotype correlations in human mitochondrial diseases. MitoLink integrates applications for assessment of genomic variation and currently houses genome-wide datasets from GenomeAsia Pilot project, gnomAD, ClinVar and DisGenNet. In this study, a reference list of nearly 3975 proteins (both nuclear and mitochondrial encoded) with mitochondrial function is reported. This protein set is mapped to disease associated variants in the GenomeAsia Pilot Project and DisGenNet and evaluated for pathogenicity as defined by ClinVar. Observations of shared genetic components in potential comorbidities are discussed from gene-disease network in Asian population, however, the platform is generic and can be applied to any population dataset. MitoLink is a unique customized workflow system that allows for systematic storage, extraction, analysis and visualization of genomic variation to understand genotype-phenotype correlations for mitochondrial diseases. Given the modularity of tool and data integration, MitoLink is a scalable system that can accommodate a diverse set of applications linked via standard data structure within the framework of Galaxy. MitoLink is built on FAIR principles and supports creation of reproducible workflows towards understanding genotype-phenotype correlations across several disease phenotypes globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj K Rajput
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Bani Jolly
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amol Narwade
- CSIR-Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium, Delhi, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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Sharma R, Reinstadler B, Engelstad K, Skinner OS, Stackowitz E, Haller RG, Clish CB, Pierce K, Walker MA, Fryer R, Oglesbee D, Mao X, Shungu DC, Khatri A, Hirano M, De Vivo DC, Mootha VK. Circulating markers of NADH-reductive stress correlate with mitochondrial disease severity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136055. [PMID: 33463549 DOI: 10.1172/jci136055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders represent a large collection of rare syndromes that are difficult to manage both because we do not fully understand biochemical pathogenesis and because we currently lack facile markers of severity. The m.3243A>G variant is the most common heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation and underlies a spectrum of diseases, notably mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). To identify robust circulating markers of m.3243A>G disease, we first performed discovery proteomics, targeted metabolomics, and untargeted metabolomics on plasma from a deeply phenotyped cohort (102 patients, 32 controls). In a validation phase, we measured concentrations of prioritized metabolites in an independent cohort using distinct methods. We validated 20 analytes (1 protein, 19 metabolites) that distinguish patients with MELAS from controls. The collection includes classic (lactate, alanine) and more recently identified (GDF-15, α-hydroxybutyrate) mitochondrial markers. By mining untargeted mass-spectra we uncovered 3 less well-studied metabolite families: N-lactoyl-amino acids, β-hydroxy acylcarnitines, and β-hydroxy fatty acids. Many of these 20 analytes correlate strongly with established measures of severity, including Karnofsky status, and mechanistically, nearly all markers are attributable to an elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio, or NADH-reductive stress. Our work defines a panel of organelle function tests related to NADH-reductive stress that should enable classification and monitoring of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryn Reinstadler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin Engelstad
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Stackowitz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G Haller
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa A Walker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Fryer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Division and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, and.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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To inhibit or to boost the ATP/P2RX7 pathway to fight cancer-that is the question. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:619-631. [PMID: 34347213 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new biological insights and recent therapeutic advances, many tumors remain at baseline during treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic strategies to improve the care of patients with solid tumors. P2RX7 receptor (P2XR7), an ATP-gated ion channel characterized by its ability to form large pore within the cell membrane, is described by most of the investigators as a "chef d'orchestre" of the antitumor immune response. The purpose of this review is to detail the recent information concerning different cellular mechanisms linking P2RX7 to hallmarks of cancer and to discuss different progresses in elucidating how activation of the ATP/P2RX7/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway is a very promising approach to fight cancer progression by increasing antitumor immune responses.
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19
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Battaglia S, De Santis S, Rutigliano M, Sallustio F, Picerno A, Frassanito MA, Schaefer I, Vacca A, Moschetta A, Seibel P, Battaglia M, Villani G. Uridine and pyruvate protect T cells' proliferative capacity from mitochondrial toxic antibiotics: a clinical pilot study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12841. [PMID: 34145306 PMCID: PMC8213784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein or nucleic acid synthesis and function can exert an off-target action on mitochondria (mitotoxic antibiotics), making actively dividing mammalian cells dependent on uridine and pyruvate supplementation. Based on this rationale, we carried out, for the first time, a randomized pilot study in 55 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria or positive sperm culture, each treated with a single mitotoxic antibiotic with or without oral supplementation of uridine + pyruvate (Uripyr, Mitobiotix, Italy). The in vivo and ex vivo data show a a 3.4-fold higher value in the differential (before and after the antibiotic treatment) lymphocytes count and a 3.7-fold increase in the percentage of dividing T cells, respectively, in the Uripyr vs the control group. Our findings lay the groundwork to enhance the synergy between antibiotics and the immune system in order to optimize the administration protocols and widen the application potentials of antibiotic therapies as well as to re-evaluate old "forgotten" molecules to fight bacterial infections in the antibiotics resistance era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Picerno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ingo Schaefer
- Molecular Cell Therapy, BBZ, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Peter Seibel
- Molecular Cell Therapy, BBZ, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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20
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Lausberg E, Gießelmann S, Dewulf JP, Wiame E, Holz A, Salvarinova R, van Karnebeek CD, Klemm P, Ohl K, Mull M, Braunschweig T, Weis J, Sommer CJ, Demuth S, Haase C, Stollbrink-Peschgens C, Debray FG, Libioulle C, Choukair D, Oommen PT, Borkhardt A, Surowy H, Wieczorek D, Wagner N, Meyer R, Eggermann T, Begemann M, Van Schaftingen E, Häusler M, Tenbrock K, van den Heuvel L, Elbracht M, Kurth I, Kraft F. C2orf69 mutations disrupt mitochondrial function and cause a multisystem human disorder with recurring autoinflammation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143078. [PMID: 33945503 DOI: 10.1172/jci143078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDDeciphering the function of the many genes previously classified as uncharacterized open reading frame (ORF) would complete our understanding of a cell's function and its pathophysiology.METHODSWhole-exome sequencing, yeast 2-hybrid and transcriptome analyses, and molecular characterization were performed in this study to uncover the function of the C2orf69 gene.RESULTSWe identified loss-of-function mutations in the uncharacterized C2orf69 gene in 8 individuals with brain abnormalities involving hypomyelination and microcephaly, liver dysfunction, and recurrent autoinflammation. C2orf69 contains an N-terminal signal peptide that is required and sufficient for mitochondrial localization. Consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, the patients showed signs of respiratory chain defects, and a CRISPR/Cas9-KO cell model of C2orf69 had similar respiratory chain defects. Patient-derived cells revealed alterations in immunological signaling pathways. Deposits of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS-positive) material in tissues from affected individuals, together with decreased glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) activity, indicated an additional impact of C2orf69 on glycogen metabolism.CONCLUSIONSOur study identifies C2orf69 as an important regulator of human mitochondrial function and suggests that this gene has additional influence on other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lausberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gießelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joseph P Dewulf
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Wiame
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute and
| | - Anja Holz
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Salvarinova
- Division of Biochemical Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty
| | - Michael Mull
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Clemens J Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Haase
- HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Ambulanz für Angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Erfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Cecile Libioulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniela Choukair
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prasad T Oommen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty and
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty and
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University (HHU), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University (HHU), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Robert Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lambert van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatrics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Negi CK, Khan S, Dirven H, Bajard L, Bláha L. Flame Retardants-Mediated Interferon Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084282. [PMID: 33924165 PMCID: PMC8074384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern worldwide, affecting 25% of the global population. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease with a broad spectrum of pathology includes steatosis, which gradually progresses to a more severe condition such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually leads to hepatic cancer. Several risk factors, including exposure to environmental toxicants, are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Environmental factors may promote the development and progression of NAFLD by various biological alterations, including mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear receptors dysregulation, and interference in inflammatory and immune-mediated signaling. Moreover, environmental contaminants can influence immune responses by impairing the immune system’s components and, ultimately, disease susceptibility. Flame retardants (FRs) are anthropogenic chemicals or mixtures that are being used to inhibit or delay the spread of fire. FRs have been employed in several household and outdoor products; therefore, human exposure is unavoidable. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of FRs-associated immune and inflammatory signaling and their possible contribution to the development and progression of NAFLD, with an emphasis on FRs-mediated interferon signaling. Knowledge gaps are identified, and emerging pharmacotherapeutic molecules targeting the immune and inflammatory signaling for NAFLD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander K. Negi
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lola Bajard
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
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22
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Gautam S, Kumar U, Kumar M, Rana D, Dada R. Yoga improves mitochondrial health and reduces severity of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:147-159. [PMID: 33741520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various environmental triggers like air pollutants, smoking, unhealthy social habits and sedentary lifestyle induce OS, which may compromise mitochondrial integrity. This trial was designed to explore the effect of 8-weeks yoga practice on mitochondrial health and disease severity in an active RA group compared with a usual-care control group. METHODS A total of 70 subjects were randomized into two groups: yoga group and non-yoga group. Mitochondrial health was assessed by calculation of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), OS markers, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), circadian rhythm markers and transcripts associated with mitochondrial integrity: AMPK, TIMP-1, KLOTHO, SIRT-1, and TFAM. Parameters of disease activity and disability quotient were also assessed by disease activity score - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI), respectively. RESULTS In yoga group, there was a significant upregulation of mtDNA-CN, mitochondrial activity markers, ΔΨm, and transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity after 8-weeks of yoga. There was optimization of OS markers, and circadian rhythm markers post 8-weeks practice of yoga. Yoga group participants showed significant improvements in DAS28-ESR (p < 0.05) and HAQ-DI (p < 0.05) over the non-yoga group. CONCLUSION Adoption of yoga by RA patients holds the key to enhance mitochondrial health, improve circadian rhythm markers, OS marker regulation, upregulation of transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity, reduce disease activity and its associated consequences on health outcome and hence can be beneficial as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Rana
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Shah EJ, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Inhibiting Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Downregulates Gene Transcription After Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628777. [PMID: 33790803 PMCID: PMC8005633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) caused by a sudden impact to the head alter behavior and impair physical and cognitive function. Besides the severity, type and area of the brain affected, the outcome of TBI is also influenced by the patient’s biological sex. Previous studies reporting mitochondrial dysfunction mainly focused on exponential reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial dynamics as a key player in the outcome to brain injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a near-infrared (NIR) light exposure on gene expression in a Drosophila TBI model. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) of the electron transport chain to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, attenuate ROS generation, and apoptosis. We subjected w1118 male and female flies to TBI using a high-impact trauma (HIT) device and subsequently exposed the isolated fly brains to a COX-inhibitory wavelength of 750 nm for 2 hours (hr). Genome-wide 3′-mRNA-sequencing of fly brains revealed that injured w1118 females exhibit greater changes in transcription compared to males at 1, 2, and 4 hours (hr) after TBI. Inhibiting COX by exposure to NIR downregulates gene expression in injured females but has minimal effect in injured males. Our results suggest that mitochondrial COX modulation with NIR alters gene expression in Drosophila following TBI and the response to injury and NIR exposure varies by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abstract
The study of metabolic changes associated with host-pathogen interactions have largely focused on the strategies that microbes use to subvert host metabolism to support their own proliferation. However, recent reports demonstrate that changes in host cell metabolism can also be detrimental to pathogens and restrict their growth. In this Review, I present a framework to consider how the host cell exploits the multifaceted roles of metabolites to defend against microbes. I also highlight how the rewiring of metabolic processes can strengthen cellular barriers to microbial invasion, regulate microbial virulence programs and factors, limit microbial access to nutrient sources and generate toxic environments for microbes. Collectively, the studies described here support a critical role for the rewiring of cellular metabolism in the defense against microbes. Further study of host-pathogen interactions from this framework has the potential to reveal novel aspects of host defense and metabolic control, and may inform how human metabolism impacts the progression of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pernas
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Fois A, Boucher-Lafleur AM, Thompson Legault J, Renaud C, Morin C, Des Rosiers C, Coderre L, Laprise C, Lesage S. Humoral responses to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine are impaired in Leigh Syndrome French Canadian patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239860. [PMID: 33085679 PMCID: PMC7577467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh Syndrome French Canadian (LSFC) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by severe lactic acidosis crises and early mortality. LSFC patients carry mutations in the Leucine Rich Pentatricopeptide Repeat Containing (LRPPRC) gene, which lead to defects in the respiratory chain complexes and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial respiration modulates cellular metabolic activity, which impacts many cell types including the differentiation and function of immune cells. Hence, we postulated that, in addition to neurological and metabolic disorders, LSFC patients may show impaired immune activity. To gain insight into the quality of the immune response in LSFC patients, we examined the response to the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine by measuring antibody titers to MMR in the plasma. In a cohort of eight LSFC patients, the response to the MMR vaccine was variable, with some individuals showing antibodies to all three viruses, while others had antibodies to two or fewer viruses. These results suggest that the mutations in the LRPPRC gene present in LSFC patients may affect the immune response to vaccines. Monitoring vaccine response in this fragile population should be considered to ensure full protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Fois
- Immunology-oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Christian Renaud
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Lise Coderre
- Immunology-oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Dutta S, Das N, Mukherjee P. Picking up a Fight: Fine Tuning Mitochondrial Innate Immune Defenses Against RNA Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1990. [PMID: 32983015 PMCID: PMC7487669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world faces the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become an urgent need of the hour to understand how our immune system sense and respond to RNA viruses that are often life-threatening. While most vaccine strategies for these viruses are developed around a programmed antibody response, relatively less attention is paid to our innate immune defenses that can determine the outcome of a viral infection via the production of antiviral cytokines like Type I Interferons. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the "cytokine storm" induced by aberrant activation of the innate immune response against a viral pathogen may sometimes offer replicative advantage to the virus thus promoting disease pathogenesis. Thus, it is important to fine tune the responses of the innate immune network that can be achieved via a deeper insight into the candidate molecules involved. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like the Toll like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) recognize cytosolic RNA viruses and mount an antiviral immune response. RLRs recognize invasive viral RNA produced during infection and mediate the induction of Type I Interferons via the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) molecule. It is an intriguing fact that the mitochondrion, one of the cell's most vital organelle, has evolved to be a central hub in this antiviral defense. However, cytokine responses and interferon signaling via MAVS signalosome at the mitochondria must be tightly regulated to prevent overactivation of the immune responses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the innate immune sensing of the host mitochondria by the RLR-MAVS signalosome and its specificity against some of the emerging/re-emerging RNA viruses like Ebola, Zika, Influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that may expand our understanding for novel pharmaceutical development.
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27
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Clinical and Immunological Characterization of Combined Immunodeficiency Due to TFRC Mutation in Eight Patients. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:1103-1110. [PMID: 32851577 PMCID: PMC7449781 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Combined immunodeficiency (CID), due to mutations in TFRC gene that encodes the transferrin receptors (TfR1), is a rare monogenic disorder. In this study, we further characterize the clinical and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of eight patients. Methods A retrospective review of clinical and immunological features of patients diagnosed with a TFRC gene mutation between 2015 and 2019 in three tertiary centers. Results Eight patients from six unrelated families were enrolled. The patients had a median age of 7 years (4–32 years). All patients presented with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive in early life. Less common features were skin abscesses, conjunctivitis, global developmental delay, optic nerve atrophy, vitiligo, multinodular goiter, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like symptoms. All patients had intermittent neutropenia and 87% of the patients had recurrent thrombocytopenia. Anemia was found in 62%. All patients had hypogammaglobinemia and one had a persistent high IgM level. All patients had impaired function of T cells. The same homozygous missense mutation c.58T>C:p.Y20H, in the TFRC gene, was detected in all patients. Stem cell transplantation from matched donors was successful in two patients. Five patients did not receive stem cell transplantation, and they are on prophylactic treatment. One patient died due to severe sepsis and neurological complications. Conclusion This report provides a large cohort with a long follow up of patients with this disease. Our cohort showed variable disease severity.
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28
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Shah EJ, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Drosophila Exhibit Divergent Sex-Based Responses in Transcription and Motor Function After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32636795 PMCID: PMC7316956 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people in the US suffer brain damage from mild to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) that result from a sudden impact to the head. Despite TBI being a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, sex differences that contribute to varied outcomes post-injury are not extensively studied and therefore, poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore biological sex as a variable influencing response to TBI using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, since flies have been shown to exhibit symptoms commonly seen in other mammalian models of TBI. After inflicting TBI using the high-impact trauma device, we isolated w1118 fly brains and assessed gene transcription changes in male and female flies at control and 1, 2, and 4 hr after TBI. Our results suggest that overall, Drosophila females show more gene transcript changes than males. Females also exhibit upregulated expression changes in immune response and mitochondrial genes across all time-points. In addition, we looked at the impact of injury on mitochondrial health and motor function in both sexes before and after injury. Although both sexes report similar changes in mitochondrial oxidation and negative geotaxis, locomotor activity appears to be more impaired in males than females. These data suggest that sex-differences not only influence the response to TBI but also contribute to varied outcomes post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Office of the Vice President for Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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29
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Khanna S, Padhan P, Jaiswal KS, Jain AP, Ghosh A, Tripathy A, Gowda H, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Altered mitochondrial proteome and functional dynamics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:8-14. [PMID: 32544466 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The autoimmune inflammatory disease, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has known imbalances in energy metabolism and superoxide levels thus may have an etiology associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We thus evaluated the presence of a differential mitochondrial proteome as well as other characteristics including mitochondrial mass, membrane potential (Ψm), total cellular ATP and superoxide levels. Eighteen mitochondrial proteins were down-regulated while four were up-regulated in RA patients in comparison to the healthy controls (HC). A significant decrease in mitochondrial Ψm, superoxides and cellular ATP levels was observed in RA with constant mitochondrial mass suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction responsible for functional disparity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kumar S Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Archana Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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30
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Weindel CG, Bell SL, Vail KJ, West KO, Patrick KL, Watson RO. LRRK2 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and regulates innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. eLife 2020; 9:51071. [PMID: 32057291 PMCID: PMC7159881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been studied extensively in the brain. However, several studies have established that mutations in LRRK2 confer susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, suggesting LRRK2 also controls immunity. We demonstrate that loss of LRRK2 in macrophages induces elevated basal levels of type I interferon (IFN) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and causes blunted interferon responses to mycobacterial pathogens and cytosolic nucleic acid agonists. Altered innate immune gene expression in Lrrk2 knockout (KO) macrophages is driven by a combination of mitochondrial stresses, including oxidative stress from low levels of purine metabolites and DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation. Together, these defects promote mtDNA leakage into the cytosol and chronic cGAS engagement. While Lrrk2 KO mice can control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication, they have exacerbated inflammation and lower ISG expression in the lungs. These results demonstrate previously unappreciated consequences of LRRK2-dependent mitochondrial defects in controlling innate immune outcomes. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that causes tremors, slow movements, and stiff and inflexible muscles. The symptoms are caused by the loss of cells known as neurons in a specific part of the brain that helps to regulate how the body moves. Researchers have identified mutations in several genes that are associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s. The most common of these mutations occur in a gene called LRRK2. This gene produces a protein that has been shown to be important for maintaining cellular compartments known as mitochondria, which play a crucial role in generating energy. It remains unclear how these mutations lead to the death of neurons. Mutations in LRRK2 have also been shown to make individuals more susceptible to bacterial infections, suggesting that the protein that LRRK2 codes for may help our immune system. Weindel, Bell et al. set out to understand how this protein works in immune cells called macrophages, which ‘eat’ invading bacteria and produce type I interferons, molecules that promote immune responses. Mouse cells were used to measure the ability of normal macrophages and macrophages that lack the mouse equivalent to LRRK2 (referred to as Lrrk2 knockout macrophages) to make type I interferons. The experiments showed that the Lrrk2 knockout macrophages made type I interferons even when they were not infected with bacteria, suggesting they are subject to stress that triggers immune responses. It was possible to correct the behavior of the Lrrk2 knockout macrophages by repairing their mitochondria. When mice missing the gene equivalent to LRRK2 were infected with the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, they experienced more severe disease. The protein encoded by the LRRK2 gene is considered a potential target for therapies to treat Parkinson’s disease, and several drugs that inhibit this protein are being tested in clinical trials. The findings of Weindel, Bell et al. suggest that these drugs may have unintended negative effects on a patient’s ability to fight infection. This work also indicates that LRRK2 mutations may disrupt immune responses in the brain, where macrophage-like cells called microglia play a crucial role in maintaining healthy neurons. Future studies that examine how mutations in LRRK2 affect microglia may help us understand how Parkinson’s disease develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi G Weindel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
| | - Samantha L Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
| | - Krystal J Vail
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, United States
| | - Kelsi O West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
| | - Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
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Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Stennett RC, Mielke GI, Keating SE, Murray L, Hasnain SZ, Fassett RG, McGuckin M, Croci I, Coombes JS. Effect of Different Volumes of Interval Training and Continuous Exercise on Interleukin-22 in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2443-2453. [PMID: 32765023 PMCID: PMC7368330 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL-22 may have a role in the alleviation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) via protection of pancreatic beta and endothelial cells from oxidative and lipid-induced damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in circulating IL-22. METHODS This was a sub-study of the "Exercise in the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome" (EX-MET) a multi-center, randomized trial. This study used data collected at the Brisbane site. Thirty-nine individuals with MetS were randomized to one of three 16-wk interventions: 1) MICT (n=10, 30min at 60-70% HR peak, 5x/wk); 2) 4HIIT (n=13, 4x4min at 85-95% HR peak, interspersed with 3min of active recovery at 50-70% HR peak, 3x/wk); or 3) 1HIIT (n=16, 1x4min at 85-95% HR peak, 3x/wk). Serum IL-22 concentration was measured following a 12-hr fast via an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, before and after the intervention. MetS severity, insulin resistance (IR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also measured via MetS z-score, HOMA-IR, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and indirect calorimetry (maximal exercise test), respectively. RESULTS The median (IQR) IL-22% changes from pre- to post-intervention in the MICT, 4HIIT, and 1HIIT groups were -17% (-43.0% to 31.3%), +16.5% (-18.9% to 154.9%), and +15.9% (-28.7% to 46.1%), respectively. Although there were no significant between-group differences in IL-22 concentration change, there was a medium-to-large group × time interaction effect [F(2,35)=2.08, p=0.14, η2=0.14]. CONCLUSION Although there was no statistically significant between-group difference in IL-22 change, the study suggests that different exercise intensities may have opposing effects on IL-22 concentration in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Ramos
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute and SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Joyce S Ramos Email
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Caring Futures Institute and SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western State Colorado University, Gunnison, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca C Stennett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lydia Murray
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael McGuckin
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Sor Trondelag, Norway
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Stoker ML, Newport E, Hulit JC, West AP, Morten KJ. Impact of pharmacological agents on mitochondrial function: a growing opportunity? Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1757-1772. [PMID: 31696924 PMCID: PMC6925523 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Present-day drug therapies provide clear beneficial effects as many diseases can be driven into remission and the symptoms of others can be efficiently managed; however, the success of many drugs is limited due to both patient non-compliance and adverse off-target or toxicity-induced effects. There is emerging evidence that many of these side effects are caused by drug-induced impairment of mitochondrial function and eventual mitochondrial dysfunction. It is imperative to understand how and why drug-induced side effects occur and how mitochondrial function is affected. In an aging population, age-associated drug toxicity is another key area of focus as the majority of patients on medication are older. Therefore, with an aging population possessing subtle or even more dramatic individual differences in mitochondrial function, there is a growing necessity to identify and understand early on potentially significant drug-associated off-target effects and toxicity issues. This will not only reduce the number of unwanted side effects linked to mitochondrial toxicity but also identify useful mitochondrial-modulating agents. Mechanistically, many successful drug classes including diabetic treatments, antibiotics, chemotherapies and antiviral agents have been linked to mitochondrial targeted effects. This is a growing area, with research to repurpose current medications affecting mitochondrial function being assessed in cancer, the immune system and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the effects that pharmacological agents have on mitochondrial function and explore the opportunities from these effects as potential disease treatments. Our focus will be on cancer treatment and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Stoker
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Emma Newport
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, U.K
| | | | - A. Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Byran, TX, U.S.A
| | - Karl J. Morten
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Ramond E, Jamet A, Coureuil M, Charbit A. Pivotal Role of Mitochondria in Macrophage Response to Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2461. [PMID: 31708919 PMCID: PMC6819784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that act as metabolic hubs and signaling platforms within the cell. Numerous mitochondrial functions, including energy metabolism, lipid synthesis, and autophagy regulation, are intimately linked to mitochondrial dynamics, which is shaped by ongoing fusion and fission events. Recently, several intracellular bacterial pathogens have been shown to modulate mitochondrial functions to maintain their replicative niche. Through selected examples of human bacterial pathogens, we will discuss how infection induces mitochondrial changes in infected macrophages, triggering modifications of the host metabolism that lead to important immunological reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Ramond
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
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34
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Pang Y, Guo Y, Li K, Ren M, Jia X, Li Z, Wang B, Yan L, Li Z. Potential effect of germanium exposure on the risk of influenza-like illness in housewives in Shanxi Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:208-212. [PMID: 31121347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the relationship between exposure to germanium (Ge) and the risk of influenza-like illness (ILI). Therefore, we investigated the association of Ge exposure and its interaction with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to Phase II metabolism on ILI risk among housewives in Shanxi Province, northern China. This cross-sectional study enrolled 373 housewives. Information on the housewives' characteristics and the frequency of ILI was collected by questionnaire. We analyzed the Ge concentrations in hair samples taken from near the scalp at the back of the head. Blood samples were used to identify SNPs related to Phase II metabolism. The results suggested that the hair Ge concentration was associated with ILI risk with an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of 2.59 (1.61-4.19). A significant dose-response relationship was observed without or with adjusting for confounders. We did not observe any interaction effect between the hair Ge concentration and the SNPs on ILI risk. We found that high dietary consumption of meat and fried foods was positively correlated with the hair Ge concentration. Therefore, chronic Ge exposure may be a risk factor for an increased frequency of ILI in housewives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yunhe Guo
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zewu Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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35
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The mitochondrial translocase of the inner membrane PaTim54 is involved in defense response and longevity in Podospora anserina. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103257. [PMID: 31351193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are very successful microorganisms capable of colonizing virtually any ecological niche where they must constantly cope with competitors including fungi, bacteria and nematodes. We have shown previously that the ascomycete Podopora anserina exhibits Hyphal Interference (HI), an antagonistic response triggered by direct contact of competing fungal hyphae. When challenged with Penicillium chrysogenum, P. anserina produces hydrogen peroxide at the confrontation and kills the hyphae of P. chrysogenum. Here, we report the characterization of the PDC2218 mutant affected in HI. When challenged with P. chrysogenum, the PDC2218 mutant produces a massive oxidative burst at the confrontation. However, this increased production of hydrogen peroxide is not correlated to increased cell death in P. chrysogenum. Hence, the oxidative burst and cell death in the challenger are uncoupled in PDC2218. The gene affected in PDC2218 is PaTim54, encoding the homologue of the budding yeast mitochondrial inner membrane import machinery component Tim54p. We show that PaTim54 is essential in P. anserina and that the phenotypes displayed by the PDC2218 mutant, renamed PaTim542218, are the consequence of a drastic reduction in the expression of PaTim54. Among these pleiotropic phenotypes, PDC2218-PaTim542218- displays increased lifespan, a phenotype in line with the observed mitochondrial defects in the mutant.
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36
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Missailidis D, Annesley SJ, Fisher PR. Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E80. [PMID: 31330791 PMCID: PMC6787592 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular basis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is not well understood. Characterized by chronic, unexplained fatigue, a disabling payback following exertion ("post-exertional malaise"), and variably presenting multi-system symptoms, ME/CFS is a complex disease, which demands a concerted biomedical investigation from disparate fields of expertise. ME/CFS research and patient treatment have been challenged by the lack of diagnostic biomarkers and finding these is a prominent direction of current work. Despite these challenges, modern research demonstrates a tangible biomedical basis for the disorder across many body systems. This evidence is mostly comprised of disturbances to immunological and inflammatory pathways, autonomic and neurological dysfunction, abnormalities in muscle and mitochondrial function, shifts in metabolism, and gut physiology or gut microbiota disturbances. It is possible that these threads are together entangled as parts of an underlying molecular pathology reflecting a far-reaching homeostatic shift. Due to the variability of non-overlapping symptom presentation or precipitating events, such as infection or other bodily stresses, the initiation of body-wide pathological cascades with similar outcomes stemming from different causes may be implicated in the condition. Patient stratification to account for this heterogeneity is therefore one important consideration during exploration of potential diagnostic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Missailidis
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah J Annesley
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Paul R Fisher
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia.
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37
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Castora FJ. Mitochondrial function and abnormalities implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:83-108. [PMID: 30599156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse that generate over 90% of the ATP produced in cells. In addition to its role in energy production, the mitochondrion also plays a major role in carbohydrate, fatty acid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, programmed cell death (apoptosis), generation of and protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), immune response, regulation of intracellular calcium ion levels and even maintenance of gut microbiota. With its essential role in bio-energetic as well as non-energetic biological processes, it is not surprising that proper cellular, tissue and organ function is dependent upon proper mitochondrial function. Accordingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be directly linked to a variety of medical disorders, particularly neuromuscular disorders and increasing evidence has linked mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Rett Syndrome (RS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Over the last 40 years there has been a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ASD and, more recently, an increasing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in ASD development. In this review, the latest evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the pathogenesis of autism will be presented. This review will also summarize the results of several recent `approaches used for improving mitochondrial function that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to managing and/or treating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Castora
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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38
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Zheng L, Liu L, Lin L, Tang H, Fan X, Lin H, Li X. Cecal CircRNAs Are Associated With the Response to Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Inoculation in the Chicken. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31214170 PMCID: PMC6554294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNA, which is different from linear RNA. CircRNA is an RNA molecule with a closed loop structure formed by reverse splicing. CircRNAs have been studied in several organisms, however, the circRNAs associated with the response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) inoculation in chickens are still unclear. In the current study, Jining Bairi chickens were inoculated with SE. CircRNAs involved in the response to SE inoculation were identified through next-generation sequencing. Our results showed that there were 5,118 circRNAs identified in the control and treated groups. There were 62 circRNAs significantly differentially expressed following SE inoculation. Functional classification revealed that those significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were associated with immune system process, rhythmic process and signaling following SE inoculation. CircRNAs NC_006091.4: 65510578|65515090, NC_006099.4: 16132825|16236906, and NC_006099.4: 15993284|16006290 play important roles in the response to SE inoculation. The findings in the current study provide evidence that circRNA alterations are involved in the response to SE inoculation in the chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinzhong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xianyao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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39
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Liu C, Ma J, Zhang J, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Qi J, Liu L, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Tang G, Li X, Li M. Testosterone Deficiency Caused by Castration Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through the AR/PGC1α/TFAM Pathway. Front Genet 2019; 10:505. [PMID: 31191617 PMCID: PMC6548818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process involving mitochondrial proliferation and differentiation. Mitochondrial DNA transcription factor A (TFAM), which encodes a major component of a protein-mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) complex, is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays an increasingly important role in mammalian development through its interaction with androgen receptor (AR). However, the function of AR in mitochondrial biogenesis induced by testosterone deficiency has not been investigated. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of testosterone deficiency on mitochondrial biogenesis using a Yorkshire boar model. Testosterone deficiency caused by castration induced changes in mtDNA copy numbers in various tissues, and AR showed the opposite tendency to that of mtDNA copy number, particularly in adipose tissues and muscle tissues. In addition, castration weakened the correlation of PGC1α and mtDNA copy number, while AR and TFAM showed a relatively high correlation in both control and castrated pigs. Furthermore, luciferase assays revealed that AR binds to potential AR elements in the TFAM promoter to promote TFAM expression. Taken together, testosterone may be involved in the pathway linking PGC1α to mitochondrial biogenesis through the interaction between AR and TFAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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41
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Mishra S, Nyomba BLG. Prohibitin: A hypothetical target for sex-based new therapeutics for metabolic and immune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:157-170. [PMID: 30717609 PMCID: PMC6405819 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Traditional sex-related biases in research are now obsolete, and it is important to identify the sex of humans, animals, and even cells in research protocols, due to the role of sex as a fundamental facet of biology, predisposition to disease, and response to therapy. Genetic sex, epigenetics and hormonal regulations, generate sex-dimorphisms. Recent investigations acknowledge sex differences in metabolic and immune health as well as chronic diseases. Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved molecule, has pleotropic functions in mitochondrial housekeeping, plasma membrane signaling, and nuclear genetic transcription. Studies in adipocytes, macrophages, and transgenic mice indicate that prohibitin interacts with sex steroids and plays a role in mediating sex differences in adipose tissues and immune cell types. Prohibitin may, depending on context, modulate predisposition to chronic metabolic diseases and malignancy and, because of these attributes, could be a target for sex-based therapies of metabolic and immune-related diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba R3E0J9, Canada
| | - BL Grégoire Nyomba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
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42
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Kurundkar D, Kurundkar AR, Bone NB, Becker EJ, Liu W, Chacko B, Darley-Usmar V, Zmijewski JW, Thannickal VJ. SIRT3 diminishes inflammation and mitigates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:120722. [PMID: 30626741 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by exuberant proinflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in ALI is not well understood. In this report, we demonstrate a critical role for the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), in regulating macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics, ROS formation, and proinflammatory responses. We found that SIRT3 expression was significantly diminished in lungs of mice subjected to LPS-induced ALI. SIRT3-deficient mice (SIRT3-/-) develop more severe ALI compared with wild-type controls (SIRT3+/+). Macrophages obtained from SIRT3-/- mice show significant alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetic and redox homeostasis, in association with a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The SIRT3 activator viniferin restored macrophage bioenergetic function in LPS-treated macrophages. Viniferin also reduced NLRP3 activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, effects that were absent in SIRT3-/- macrophages. In-vivo administration of viniferin reduced production of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, MIP-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and HMGB1, and diminished neutrophil influx and severity of endotoxin-mediated ALI; this protective effect of vinferin was abolished in SIRT3-/- mice. Taken together, our results show that the induction/activation of SIRT3 may serve as a new therapeutic strategy in ALI by modulating cellular bioenergetics, controlling inflammatory responses, and reducing the severity of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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43
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Chen G, Zhou W, Zhao C, Liu Y, Chen T, Li Y, Tang B. Rationally Optimized Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Mitochondrial SO2 in HeLa Cells and Zebrafish. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12442-12448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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44
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Spinelli JB, Haigis MC. The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:745-754. [PMID: 29950572 PMCID: PMC6541229 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 866] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how mitochondria catabolize nutrients for energy, generate biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, compartmentalize metabolites for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and function as hubs for metabolic waste management. We address the importance of these roles in both normal physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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45
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Cabon L, Bertaux A, Brunelle-Navas MN, Nemazanyy I, Scourzic L, Delavallée L, Vela L, Baritaud M, Bouchet S, Lopez C, Quang Van V, Garbin K, Chateau D, Gilard F, Sarfati M, Mercher T, Bernard OA, Susin SA. AIF loss deregulates hematopoiesis and reveals different adaptive metabolic responses in bone marrow cells and thymocytes. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:983-1001. [PMID: 29323266 PMCID: PMC5943248 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is a tightly regulated process that plays a central role throughout the lifespan of hematopoietic cells. Herein, we analyze the consequences of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)/metabolism disorder associated with the cell-specific hematopoietic ablation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). AIF-null (AIF-/Y ) mice developed pancytopenia that was associated with hypocellular bone marrow (BM) and thymus atrophy. Although myeloid cells were relatively spared, the B-cell and erythroid lineages were altered with increased frequencies of precursor B cells, pro-erythroblasts I, and basophilic erythroblasts II. T-cell populations were dramatically reduced with a thymopoiesis blockade at a double negative (DN) immature state, with DN1 accumulation and delayed DN2/DN3 and DN3/DN4 transitions. In BM cells, the OXPHOS/metabolism dysfunction provoked by the loss of AIF was counterbalanced by the augmentation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and a shift towards anaerobic glycolysis. Nevertheless, in a caspase-independent process, the resulting excess of reactive oxygen species compromised the viability of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitors. This led to the progressive exhaustion of the HSC pool, a reduced capacity of the BM progenitors to differentiate into colonies in methylcellulose assays, and the absence of cell-autonomous HSC repopulating potential in vivo. In contrast to BM cells, AIF-/Y thymocytes compensated for the OXPHOS breakdown by enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation. By over-expressing CPT1, ACADL and PDK4, three key enzymes facilitating fatty acid β-oxidation (e.g., palmitic acid assimilation), the AIF-/Y thymocytes retrieved the ATP levels of the AIF +/Y cells. As a consequence, it was possible to significantly reestablish AIF-/Y thymopoiesis in vivo by feeding the animals with a high-fat diet complemented with an antioxidant. Overall, our data reveal that the mitochondrial signals regulated by AIF are critical to hematopoietic decision-making. Emerging as a link between mitochondrial metabolism and hematopoietic cell fate, AIF-mediated OXPHOS regulation represents a target for the development of new immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Cabon
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bertaux
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Brunelle-Navas
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurianne Scourzic
- INSERM U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Laure Delavallée
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Vela
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Baritaud
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bouchet
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Vu Quang Van
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Garbin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Intestine: Nutrition, Barrier, and Diseases Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Intestine: Nutrition, Barrier, and Diseases Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Santos A Susin
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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46
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Koch RE, Hill GE. Behavioural mating displays depend on mitochondrial function: a potential mechanism for linking behaviour to individual condition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1387-1398. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 U.S.A
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47
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Chang JC, Hoel F, Liu KH, Wei YH, Cheng FC, Kuo SJ, Tronstad KJ, Liu CS. Peptide-mediated delivery of donor mitochondria improves mitochondrial function and cell viability in human cybrid cells with the MELAS A3243G mutation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10710. [PMID: 28878349 PMCID: PMC5587702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell penetrating peptide, Pep-1, has been shown to facilitate cellular uptake of foreign mitochondria but further research is required to evaluate the use of Pep-1-mediated mitochondrial delivery (PMD) in treating mitochondrial defects. Presently, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial transplantation rescue mitochondrial function in a cybrid cell model of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) disease. Following PMD, recipient cells had internalized donor mitochondria after 1 h, and expressed higher levels of normal mitochondrial DNA, particularly at the end of the treatment and 11 days later. After 4 days, mitochondrial respiratory function had recovered and biogenesis was evident in the Pep-1 and PMD groups, compared to the untreated MELAS group. However, only PMD was able to reverse the fusion-to-fission ratio of mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondria shaping proteins resembled the normal pattern seen in the control group. Cell survival following hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was also improved in the PMD group. Finally, we observed that PMD partially normalized cytokine expression, including that of interleukin (IL)-7, granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the MELAS cells. Presently, our data further confirm the protective effects of PMD as well in MELAS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fredrik Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ko-Hung Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Jen Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
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48
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Merz TM, Pereira AJ, Schürch R, Schefold JC, Jakob SM, Takala J, Djafarzadeh S. Mitochondrial function of immune cells in septic shock: A prospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178946. [PMID: 28591158 PMCID: PMC5462395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced cellular ATP synthesis due to impaired mitochondrial function of immune cells may be a factor influencing the immune response in septic shock. We investigate changes in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics of human monocytes and lymphocyte subsets. Methods Thirty patients with septic shock were studied at ICU admission, after 24 and 48 hours, and after resolution of shock. Enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and ATP synthase and ATP content of monocytes, T-cells and B-cells and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine plasma concentrations were compared to samples from 20 healthy volunteers. Results Large variations in mitochondrial enzymatic activities of immune cells of septic patients were detected. In monocytes, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity in sepsis were significantly lower when compared to controls (p = 0.021). Maximum relative enzymatic activity (ratio relative to citrate synthase activity) of complex I (p<0.001), complex IV (p = 0.017) and ATP synthase (p<0.001) were significantly higher. In T-cells, maximum levels of citrate synthase (p = 0.583) and relative complex IV (p = 0.602) activity did not differ between patients and controls, whereas levels of relative complex I (p = 0.006) and ATP synthase (p = 0.032) were significantly higher in septic patients. In B-cells of patients, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity (p = 0.004) and relative complex I (p<0.001) were significantly higher, and mean levels of relative complex IV (p = 0.042) lower than the control values, whereas relative ATP synthase activity did not differ (p = 1.0). No significant difference in cellular ATP content was detected in any cell line (p = 0.142–0.519). No significant correlations between specific cytokines and parameters of mitochondrial enzymatic activities or ATP content were observed. Conclusions Significant changes of mitochondrial enzymatic activities occur in human peripheral blood immune cells in septic shock when compared to healthy controls. Assessed sub-types of immune cells showed differing patterns of regulation. Total ATP-content of human immune cells did not differ between patients in septic shock and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Merz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano J. Pereira
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schürch
- Division of Statistics, Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C. Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan M. Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Takala
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Siamak Djafarzadeh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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49
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Venugopalan SK, T S S, V N, S M M, S R. Dexamethasone provoked mitochondrial perturbations in thymus: Possible role of N-acetylglucosamine in restoration of mitochondrial function. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1485-1492. [PMID: 27619103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus mitochondria play a crucial role in immune function. This study identifies the novel protective role of N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) in dexamethasone (DEX) induced mitochondrial perturbations in mice thymus. Mice were induced with DEX (5mg/kg) and treated with NAG i.p. (266μg/kg, 400μg/kg and 800μg/kg) for 14 days, Withanolide A (800μg/kg) has been used as positive control. Dose dependent treatment of NAG against DEX significantly restored the mitochondrial enzyme levels (ICDH, KDH, SDH and MDH) and elevated the mitochondrial glutathione antioxidants defense (GSH, SOD, GPX and GST) thus improving the ATP status which was confirmed by ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and nucleus using TEM studies. Further histopathological studies also revealed that NAG attenuate DEX induced thymotoxicity. Finally, the study concludes that dose dependent treatment of NAG supports a potential role in preventing DEX induced thymotoxicity and NAG acts as a beneficial pharmacological intervention in the DEX induced thymic repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Venugopalan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, India.
| | - Shanmugarajan T S
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, India
| | - Navaratnam V
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Taylor's University Malaysia, Jan Taylors, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansor S M
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ramanathan S
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
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50
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Picard M, Wallace DC, Burelle Y. The rise of mitochondria in medicine. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:105-16. [PMID: 27423788 PMCID: PMC5023480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Once considered exclusively the cell's powerhouse, mitochondria are now recognized to perform multiple essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine. Since the emergence of molecular biology and the discovery of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA defects in the 1980's, research advances have revealed a number of common human diseases which share an underlying pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria undergo function-defining dynamic shape changes, communicate with each other, regulate gene expression within the nucleus, modulate synaptic transmission within the brain, release molecules that contribute to oncogenic transformation and trigger inflammatory responses systemically, and influence the regulation of complex physiological systems. Novel mitopathogenic mechanisms are thus being uncovered across a number of medical disciplines including genetics, oncology, neurology, immunology, and critical care medicine. Increasing knowledge of the bioenergetic aspects of human disease has provided new opportunities for diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and in connecting various domains of medicine. In this article, we overview specific aspects of mitochondrial biology that have contributed to - and likely will continue to enhance the progress of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology and CTNI, H Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- The Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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