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Churchill RA, Gochanour BR, Scott CG, Vasile VC, Rodeheffer RJ, Meeusen JW, Jaffe AS. Association of cardiac biomarkers with long-term cardiovascular events in a community cohort. Biomarkers 2024; 29:161-170. [PMID: 38666319 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2335245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS The study assessed major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous intervention, stroke, and death. Cox proportional hazards models assessed apolipoprotein AI (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), ceramide score, cystatin C, galectin-3 (Gal3), LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (HscTnI) and soluble interleukin 1 receptor-like 1. In adjusted models, Ceramide score was defined by from N-palmitoyl-sphingosine [Cer(16:0)], N-stearoyl-sphingosine [Cer(18:0)], N-nervonoyl-sphingosine [Cer(24:1)] and N-lignoceroyl-sphingosine [Cer(24:0)]. Multi-biomarker models were compared with C-statistics and Integrated Discrimination Index (IDI). RESULTS A total of 1131 patients were included. Adjusted NT proBNP per 1 SD resulted in a 31% increased risk of MACE/death (HR = 1.31) and a 31% increased risk for stroke/MI (HR = 1.31). Adjusted Ceramide per 1 SD showed a 13% increased risk of MACE/death (HR = 1.13) and a 29% increased risk for stroke/MI (HR = 1.29). These markers added to clinical factors for both MACE/death (p = 0.003) and stroke/MI (p = 0.034). HscTnI was not a predictor of outcomes when added to the models. DISCUSSION Ceramide score and NT proBNP improve the prediction of MACE and stroke/MI in a community primary prevention cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vlad C Vasile
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne and Kathryn Preisel Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Rochester, MN, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard J Rodeheffer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne and Kathryn Preisel Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne and Kathryn Preisel Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Rochester, MN, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Meade R, Chao Y, Harroun N, Li C, Hafezi S, Hsu FF, Semenkovich CF, Zayed MA. Ceramides in peripheral arterial plaque lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100181. [PMID: 38077163 PMCID: PMC10704331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral arterial atheroprogression is increasingly prevalent, and is a risk factor for major limb amputations in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive lipids are significantly altered in arterial tissue of individuals with diabetes and advanced peripheral arterial disease. Methods Here we evaluated whether sphingolipid ceramide 18:1/16:0 (C16) is a cellular regulator in endothelial cells and peripheral tibial arterial tissue in individuals with diabetes. Results We observed that C16 is the single most elevated ceramide in peripheral arterial tissue from below the knee in individuals with diabetes (11% increase, P < .05). C16 content in tibial arterial tissue positively correlates with sphingomyelin (SPM) content in patients with and without diabetes (r2 = 0.5, P < .005; r2 = 0.17, P < .05; respectively). Tibial arteries of individuals with diabetes demonstrated no difference in CERS6 expression (encoding ceramide synthase 6; the predominate ceramide synthesis enzyme), but higher SMPD expression (encoding sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase that catalyzes ceramide synthesis from sphingomyelins; P < .05). SMPD4, but not SMPD2, was particularly elevated in maximally diseased (Max) tibial arterial segments (P < .05). In vitro, exogenous C16 caused endothelial cells (HUVECs) to have decreased proliferation (P < .03), increased apoptosis (P < .003), and decreased autophagy (P < .008). Selective knockdown of SMPD2 and SMPD4 decreased native production of C16 (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively), but only knockdown of SMPD4 rescued cellular proliferation (P < .005) following exogenous supplementation with C16. Conclusions Our findings suggest that C16 is a tissue biomarker for peripheral arterial disease severity in the setting of diabetes, and can impact endothelial cell viability and function. Clinical relevance Peripheral arterial disease and its end-stage manifestation known as chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) represent ongoing prevalent and intricate medical challenges. Individuals with diabetes have a heightened risk of developing CLTI and experiencing its complications, including wounds, ulcers, and major amputations. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the molecular lipid composition within arterial segments from individuals with CLTI, and with and without diabetes. Our investigations unveiled a striking revelation: the sphingolipid ceramide 18:1/16:0 emerged as the predominant ceramide species that was significantly elevated in the peripheral arterial intima below the knee in patients with diabetes. Moreover, this heightened ceramide presence is associated with a marked impairment of endothelial cell function and viability. Additionally, our study revealed a concurrent elevation in the expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterases, enzymes responsible for catalyzing ceramide synthesis from sphingomyelins, within maximally diseased arterial segments. These findings underscore the pivotal role of ceramides and their biosynthesis enzymes in the context of CLTI, offering new insights into potential therapeutic avenues for managing this challenging disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Meade
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yang Chao
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nikolai Harroun
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chenglong Li
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shahab Hafezi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clay F. Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Lipid, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhu W, Yan X, Xiao J, Zhang P, Liu P, Li P. Advances in the pharmacological study of Chinese herbal medicine to alleviate diabetic nephropathy by improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115088. [PMID: 37413900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, primarily arising from type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of DN involves various factors such as hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism disorders. Increasing attention is being given to DN caused by oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway, prompting researchers to explore drugs that can regulate these target pathways. Chinese herbal medicine, known for its accessibility, rich historical usage, and remarkable efficacy, has shown promise in ameliorating renal injury caused by DN by modulating oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway. This review aims to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DN. Firstly, we outline the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impairs DN, focusing on outlining the damage to mitochondria by oxidative stress. Subsequently, we describe the process by which formulas, herbs and monomeric compounds protect the kidney by ameliorating oxidative stress in the mitochondrial pathway. Finally, the rich variety of Chinese herbal medicine, combined with modern extraction techniques, has great potential, and as we gradually understand the pathogenesis of DN and research techniques are constantly updated, there will be more and more promising therapeutic targets and herbal drug candidates. This paper aims to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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4
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Kotlyarov S. The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108725. [PMID: 37240069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common pathogenesis and significantly influence each other's clinical presentation and prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD are complex and multifactorial. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of both diseases. The components present in tobacco smoke can have adverse effects on various cellular functions, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Smoking may also affect the innate immune system, impair apoptosis, and promote oxidative stress in the respiratory and vascular systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbid course of COPD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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5
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San-Millán I. The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040782. [PMID: 37107158 PMCID: PMC10135185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as disruptions of cellular bioenergetics have been shown to be ubiquitous in some of the most prevalent diseases in our society, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases have yet to be elucidated, making it one of the most significant medical challenges in our history. However, the rapid advances in our knowledge of cellular metabolism coupled with the novel understanding at the molecular and genetic levels show tremendous promise to one day elucidate the mysteries of this ancient organelle in order to treat it therapeutically when needed. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, infections, aging, and a lack of physical activity have been identified to be major players in mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases. This review examines the complexities of mitochondrial function, whose ancient incorporation into eukaryotic cells for energy purposes was key for the survival and creation of new species. Among these complexities, the tightly intertwined bioenergetics derived from the combustion of alimentary substrates and oxygen are necessary for cellular homeostasis, including the production of reactive oxygen species. This review discusses different etiological mechanisms by which mitochondria could become dysregulated, determining the fate of multiple tissues and organs and being a protagonist in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. Finally, physical activity is a canonical evolutionary characteristic of humans that remains embedded in our genes. The normalization of a lack of physical activity in our modern society has led to the perception that exercise is an "intervention". However, physical activity remains the modus vivendi engrained in our genes and being sedentary has been the real intervention and collateral effect of modern societies. It is well known that a lack of physical activity leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and, hence, it probably becomes a major etiological factor of many non-communicable diseases affecting modern societies. Since physical activity remains the only stimulus we know that can improve and maintain mitochondrial function, a significant emphasis on exercise promotion should be imperative in order to prevent multiple diseases. Finally, in populations with chronic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is involved, an individualized exercise prescription should be crucial for the "metabolic rehabilitation" of many patients. From lessons learned from elite athletes (the perfect human machines), it is possible to translate and apply multiple concepts to the betterment of populations with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80198, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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6
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Yang K, Nong K, Xu F, Chen Y, Yu J, Lin L, Hu X, Wang Y, Li T, Dong J, Wang J. Discovery of Novel N-Hydroxy-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-formamides as ASM Direct Inhibitors for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2681-2698. [PMID: 36786607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which regulates sphingolipid metabolism and lipid signaling, has been considered as a new potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a series of benzene-heterocyclic-based ASM inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and screened for the first time. As a result, some compounds showed favorable inhibitory activity against recombinant human ASM. The detailed SARs are also discussed. Compound 4i revealed good pharmacokinetic data and in vivo inhibitory activity against ASM by reducing the level of ceramide in mice plasma and liver. Pharmacodynamic studies confirmed that 4i could lessen lipid plaques in the aortic arch and aorta and reduce plasma ceramide concentration and Ox-LDL levels. Moreover, 4i was found to significantly decrease LPS-induced and Ox-LDL-induced cell inflammation by regulating the levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin. Overall, this study preliminarily demonstrates that ASM may be an effective target against atherosclerosis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Keyi Nong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinying Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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7
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Di Pietro P, Izzo C, Abate AC, Iesu P, Rusciano MR, Venturini E, Visco V, Sommella E, Ciccarelli M, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010168. [PMID: 36671552 PMCID: PMC9855992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids' contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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8
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Coviello S, Tarantino A, La Rocca P, Lavota I, Creo P, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis: The Dual Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010143. [PMID: 36671005 PMCID: PMC9855164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that play either pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in the formation and maturation of atherosclerotic plaques. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate showed antithetic properties in regulating various molecular mechanisms and have emerged as novel potential targets for regulating the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat is important to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, which is the trigger for the entire atherosclerotic process and is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress. In addition, these two sphingolipids, together with many other sphingolipid mediators, are directly involved in the progression of atherogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by promoting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and influencing the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The modulation of ceramide and S1P levels may therefore allow the development of new antioxidant therapies that can prevent or at least impair the onset of atherogenesis, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and significantly reduce their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Creo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226437765
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9
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Bordeianu G, Mitu I, Stanescu RS, Ciobanu CP, Petrescu-Danila E, Marculescu AD, Dimitriu DC. Circulating Biomarkers for Laboratory Diagnostics of Atherosclerosis-Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123141. [PMID: 36553147 PMCID: PMC9777004 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is still considered a disease burden with long-term damaging processes towards the cardiovascular system. Evaluation of atherosclerotic stages requires the use of independent markers such as those already considered traditional, that remain the main therapeutic target for patients with atherosclerosis, together with emerging biomarkers. The challenge is finding models of predictive markers that are particularly tailored to detect and evaluate the evolution of incipient vascular lesions. Important advances have been made in this field, resulting in a more comprehensible and stronger linkage between the lipidic profile and the continuous inflammatory process. In this paper, we analysed the most recent data from the literature studying the molecular mechanisms of biomarkers and their involvement in the cascade of events that occur in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Mitu
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (R.S.S.); Tel.: +40-75206-1747 (I.M.)
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10
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Barchuk M, Ancel P, Miksztowicz V, Doukbi E, Svilar L, Yñón D, Nogueira JP, Rubio M, Schreier L, Dutour A, Martin JC, Gaborit B, Berg G. Epicardial Adipose Tissue Ceramides Are Related to Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Coronary Artery Disease: Unfolding a Missing Link. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e242-e251. [PMID: 35708030 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contributes to coronary artery disease (CAD). EAT presents a specific lipidomic signature, showing increased ceramides and other proinflammatory lipids content. Besides, LPL (lipoprotein lipase) activity in EAT would contribute to its expansion, supplying fatty acids to the tissue. Our aim was to evaluate the relations between LPL activity, regulators of LPL, and ceramides in EAT from CAD patients. METHODS We studied patients undergoing coronary bypass graft (CAD, n=25) and patients without CAD (no CAD, n=14). EAT and subcutaneous AT (SAT) were obtained, tissue LPL activity and its regulator's expression (ANGPTL4, GPIHBP1 [glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1], and PPARγ [peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ]) were assessed. Tissue lipidomes were evaluated by UHPLC-MS, in positive and negative ionization modes. RESULTS LPL activity was higher in EAT from CAD (P<0.001), and in EAT than SAT in both groups (P<0.001). ANGPTL4 levels were lower, GPIHBP1 and PPARγ levels were higher in EAT from CAD (P<0.001). In both groups, EAT exhibited more ceramide (P=0.01), directly associated with LPL activity, being the strongest association with Cer18:1/24:1 (P<0.001). EAT Cer18:1/16:0 to Cer18:1/24:0 and Cer18:1/24:1 to 18:1/24:0 ratios were higher in CAD (P=0.03; P<0.001, respectively), the latter directly associated with LPL activity (r=0.63, P<0.001) GPIHBP1 levels (r=0.68, P<0.001), and inversely to EAT ANGPTL4 expression (r=-0.49, P=0.03). Pairwise partial correlation network showed associations among bioactive lipids and LPL and its regulators (P<0.001 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS The association between LPL activity, total ceramide, and the atherogenic ceramide ratios highlights the importance of the enzyme and these bioactive lipids contributing to the different metabolic profile of EAT in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Barchuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., L.S., G.B.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.B.)
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.B.)
| | - Elisa Doukbi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., L.S., G.B.)
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Daniel Yñón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", División de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Argentina (D.Y., M.R.)
| | - Juan Patricio Nogueira
- Servicio de Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Central de Formosa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.)
| | - Miguel Rubio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", División de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Argentina (D.Y., M.R.)
| | - Laura Schreier
- CRIBIOM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Medecine de la Timone, France (L.S.)
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
- Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., B.G.)
| | - Jean Charles Martin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (P.A., E.D., L.S., A.D., J.C.M., B.G.)
- Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., B.G.)
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., L.S., G.B.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.B.)
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11
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Tuccinardi D, Di Mauro A, Lattanzi G, Rossini G, Monte L, Beato I, Spiezia C, Bravo M, Watanabe M, Soare A, Kyanvash S, Armirotti A, Bertozzi SM, Gastaldelli A, Pedone C, Khazrai YM, Pozzilli P, Manfrini S. An extra virgin olive oil-enriched chocolate spread positively modulates insulin-resistance markers compared with a palm oil-enriched one in healthy young adults: A double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3492. [PMID: 34435429 PMCID: PMC9286378 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate if extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or palm oil enriched chocolate spreads consumption leads to different results in terms of plasma ceramides concentration, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and appetite regulation in young healthy subjects. METHODS In a 2-week, double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy, normal-weight subjects with a mean age of 24.2 years (SD: 1.2), consumed chocolate spread snacks (73% of energy [%E] from fat, 20% from carbohydrates and 7% from proteins), providing 570 Kcal/day added to an isocaloric diet. The chocolate spreads were identical, except for the type of fat: EVOO oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or palm oil, rich in Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs). RESULTS EVOO-enriched chocolate spread consumption led to better circulating sphingolipids and glucose profile, with reduced plasma ceramide C16:0, ceramide C16:0/ceramide C22:0-ceramide C24:0 ratio and sphingomyelin C18:0 (P = 0.030, P= 0.032 and P = 0.042, respectively) compared to the palm oil-enriched chocolate spread diet. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin were lower, while the Quicki and the McAuley Index were higher after the EVOO diet compared to the palm oil diet (P = 0.046, P = 0.045, P = 0.018 and P = 0.039 respectively). Subjects maintained a stable weight throughout the study. No major significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, inflammatory markers, and appetite-regulating hormones/visual analogue scale were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Partially replacing SFAs with MUFAs in a chocolate-based snack as part of a short-term isocaloric diet in healthy individuals may limit SFAs detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and decrease circulating harmful sphingolipids in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Di Mauro
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Greta Lattanzi
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lavinia Monte
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ivan Beato
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Maria Bravo
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental MedicineSection of Medical PathophysiologyFood Science and EndocrinologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Andreea Soare
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Shadi Kyanvash
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry LabFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
| | | | | | - Claudio Pedone
- Department of MedicineUnit of GeriatricsBiomedical Campus of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
- Centre of ImmunobiologyBarts and London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
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12
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Shu H, Peng Y, Hang W, Li N, Zhou N, Wang DW. Emerging Roles of Ceramide in Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:232-245. [PMID: 35111371 PMCID: PMC8782558 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a core molecule of sphingolipid metabolism that causes selective insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Research on its involvement in cardiovascular diseases has grown rapidly. In resting cells, ceramide levels are extremely low, while they rapidly accumulate upon encountering external stimuli. Recently, the regulation of ceramide levels under pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, has drawn great attention. Increased ceramide levels are strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular risks and events while inhibiting the synthesis of ceramide or accelerating its degradation improves a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we summarize the role of ceramide in cardiovascular disease, investigate the possible application of ceramide as a new diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders, and highlight the remaining problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Na Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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13
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Berkowitz L, Cabrera-Reyes F, Salazar C, Ryff CD, Coe C, Rigotti A. Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:785124. [PMID: 35097004 PMCID: PMC8795367 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides –the most widely studied sphingolipid class– have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Berkowitz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Loni Berkowitz
| | - Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher Coe
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Abstract
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a potent health marker, the improvement of which is associated with a reduced incidence of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Identifying metabolic signatures associated with CRF could reveal how CRF fosters human health and lead to the development of novel health-monitoring strategies. Objective This article systematically reviewed reported associations between CRF and metabolites measured in human tissues and body fluids. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to 3 June, 2021. Metabolomics studies reporting metabolites associated with CRF, measured by means of cardiopulmonary exercise test, were deemed eligible. Backward and forward citation tracking on eligible records were used to complement the results of database searching. Risk of bias at the study level was assessed using QUADOMICS. Results Twenty-two studies were included and 667 metabolites, measured in plasma (n = 619), serum (n = 18), skeletal muscle (n = 16), urine (n = 11), or sweat (n = 3), were identified. Lipids were the metabolites most commonly positively (n = 174) and negatively (n = 274) associated with CRF. Specific circulating glycerophospholipids (n = 85) and cholesterol esters (n = 17) were positively associated with CRF, while circulating glycerolipids (n = 152), glycerophospholipids (n = 42), acylcarnitines (n = 14), and ceramides (n = 12) were negatively associated with CRF. Interestingly, muscle acylcarnitines were positively correlated with CRF (n = 15). Conclusions Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with circulating and muscle lipidome composition. Causality of the revealed associations at the molecular species level remains to be investigated further. Finally, included studies were heterogeneous in terms of participants’ characteristics and analytical and statistical approaches. PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42020214375. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01590-y.
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15
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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16
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Weber N, Colledge F, Streese L, Hanssen H, Schmied C, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. How Ceramides Orchestrate Cardiometabolic Health-An Ode to Physically Active Living. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100675. [PMID: 34677390 PMCID: PMC8538837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) represent a growing socioeconomic burden and concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Improving patients’ metabolic phenotyping in clinical practice will enable clinicians to better tailor prevention and treatment strategy to individual needs. Recently, elevated levels of specific lipid species, known as ceramides, were shown to predict cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional biomarkers such as cholesterol. Preliminary data showed that physical activity, a potent, low-cost, and patient-empowering means to reduce CMD-related burden, influences ceramide levels. While a single bout of physical exercise increases circulating and muscular ceramide levels, regular exercise reduces ceramide content. Additionally, several ceramide species have been reported to be negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a potent health marker reflecting training level. Thus, regular exercise could optimize cardiometabolic health, partly by reversing altered ceramide profiles. This short review provides an overview of ceramide metabolism and its role in cardiometabolic health and diseases, before presenting the effects of exercise on ceramides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Nadia Weber
- Medical School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Christian Schmied
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
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17
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Signori C, Meessen JMTA, Laaksonen R, Maggioni AP, Novelli D, Blanda A, Jylhä A, Nicolis E, Targher G, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Hilvo M, Latini R. Coffee, Atrial Fibrillation, and Circulating Ceramides in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11236-11245. [PMID: 34533314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids that play roles as structural lipids and as second messengers in biological processes. Circulating ceramides are influenced by diet/food and predict major cardiovascular (CV) events, such as atrial fibrillation (AF). In 1227 patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF), an association between diet and ceramides was found for coffee consumption of ≥3 cups and Cer(d18:1/24:0). Increased Cer(d18:1/24:0) was associated with lower incident AF (24.3% vs 15.4% tertile 1 vs 3, P = 0.016) and lower CV mortality (28.4% vs 12.0% tertile 1 vs 3, P < 0.0001). For coffee consumption, only an association with incident AF was found (24.5% never, 5.2% ≥3 cups). These inverse associations with AF were confirmed in survival analyses corrected for biomarkers (Cer(d18:1/24:0) HR: 0.79, P = 0.018; coffee consumption HR: 0.22, P = 0.001). In conclusion, higher coffee intake was associated with a lower risk of incident AF and with higher concentrations of Cer(d18:1/24:0). Cer(d18:1/24:0) was inversely associated to risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Signori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Jennifer M T A Meessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
| | | | | | - Deborah Novelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Adriana Blanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Nicolis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy
| | - Gianni Tognoni
- Department of Anestesia-Rianimazione e Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Mika Hilvo
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20157, Italy
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Zobel EH, Wretlind A, Ripa RS, Rotbain Curovic V, von Scholten BJ, Suvitaival T, Hansen TW, Kjær A, Legido-Quigley C, Rossing P. Ceramides and phospholipids are downregulated with liraglutide treatment: results from the LiraFlame randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002395. [PMID: 34518158 PMCID: PMC8451300 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in persons living with type 2 diabetes, however the mechanisms explaining this cardiovascular benefit are still debated. We investigated changes in the plasma lipidome following treatment with the GLP-1 RA liraglutide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we randomized 102 persons with type 2 diabetes to liraglutide or placebo for 26 weeks. Fasting blood plasma was collected at baseline and at end-of-treatment. The lipidome was measured using liquid-chromatography-coupled mass-spectrometry as a secondary end point in the study. Treatment response of each lipid was tested with lipid-specific linear mixed-effect models comparing liraglutide with placebo. Bonferroni p<7.1e-03 was employed. The independence of the findings from clinical covariates was evaluated with adjustment for body mass index, HbA1c, fasting status, lipid-lowering treatment and change in lipid-lowering treatment during the trial. RESULTS In total, 260 lipids were identified covering 11 lipid families. We observed significant decreases following liraglutide treatment compared with placebo in 21 lipids (p<7.1e-03) from the following lipid families: ceramides, hexocyl-ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and triglycerides. We confirmed these findings in adjusted models (p≤0.01). In the liraglutide-treated group, the individual lipids were reduced in the range of 14%-61% from baseline level, compared with 19% decrease to 27% increase from baseline level in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, liraglutide treatment led to a significant downregulation in ceramides, phospholipids and triglycerides, which all are linked to higher risk of CVD. These findings were independent of relevant clinical covariates. Our findings are hypothesis generating and shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs in outcome studies, and further strengthen the evidence base for recommending GLP-1 RAs to prevent CVD in type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03449654.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasmus S Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bernt J von Scholten
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk AS, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Kwon YJ, Lee GM, Liu KH, Jung DH. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070417. [PMID: 34202864 PMCID: PMC8307748 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a crucial cause of death in postmenopausal women. Plasma ceramide concentrations are correlated with the development of atherosclerosis and are significant predictors of CVD. Here, we conducted a 4-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on serum ceramide concentrations in 68 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n = 36) received KRG and the control (n = 32) group received placebo, 2 g each, once daily. Serum ceramides were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at baseline and study completion, with changes in serum ceramide levels as the primary end point. We detected significantly greater mean changes in C16 ceramide levels (d18:1/16:0: −6.4 ± 6.3 pmol/mL vs. 14.6 ± 6.8 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.040; d18:1/22:0: −20.8 ± 24.4 pmol/mL vs. 71.1 ± 26.2 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.020). Additionally, changes in the median C16 (d18:1/16:0) and C22 (d18:1/22:0) ceramide levels were significantly greater in KRG-group subjects with metabolic syndrome than those without. Therefore, we found that KRG decreases the serum levels of several ceramides in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia, suggesting it may be beneficial for preventing CVD in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Gyung-Min Lee
- BK 21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK 21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (D.-H.J.); Tel.: +82-01-8967-9802 (K.-H.L.); +82-10-4204-8998 (D.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (D.-H.J.); Tel.: +82-01-8967-9802 (K.-H.L.); +82-10-4204-8998 (D.-H.J.)
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20
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McGurk KA, Keavney BD, Nicolaou A. Circulating ceramides as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from phenotypic and genomic studies. Atherosclerosis 2021; 327:18-30. [PMID: 34004484 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new biomarkers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), the main cause of death globally. Ceramides, a class of potent bioactive lipid mediators, have signalling roles in apoptosis, cellular stress and inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted circulating ceramides as novel biomarkers of coronary artery disease, type-2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Ceramides are highly regulated by enzymatic reactions throughout the body in terms of their activity and metabolism, including production, degradation and transport. The genetic studies that have been completed to date on the main ceramide species found in circulation are described, highlighting the importance of DNA variants in genes involved in ceramide biosynthesis as key influencers of heritable, circulating ceramide levels. We also review studies of disease associations with ceramides and discuss mechanistic insights deriving from recent genomic studies. The signalling activities of ceramides in vascular inflammation and apoptosis, associations between circulating ceramides and coronary artery disease risk, type-2 diabetes and insulin resistance, and the potential importance of ceramides with regard to ACVD risk factors, such as blood pressure, lipoproteins and lifestyle factors, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A McGurk
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Infanger D, Teav T, Wagner J, Knaier R, Colledge F, Streese L, Königstein K, Hinrichs T, Hanssen H, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Metabolic View on Human Healthspan: A Lipidome-Wide Association Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050287. [PMID: 33946321 PMCID: PMC8146132 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As ageing is a major risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases, extending healthspan has become a medical and societal necessity. Precise lipid phenotyping that captures metabolic individuality could support healthspan extension strategies. This study applied ‘omic-scale lipid profiling to characterise sex-specific age-related differences in the serum lipidome composition of healthy humans. A subset of the COmPLETE-Health study, composed of 73 young (25.2 ± 2.6 years, 43% female) and 77 aged (73.5 ± 2.3 years, 48% female) clinically healthy individuals, was investigated, using an untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. Compared to their younger counterparts, aged females and males exhibited significant higher levels in 138 and 107 lipid species representing 15 and 13 distinct subclasses, respectively. Percentage of difference ranged from 5.8% to 61.7% (females) and from 5.3% to 46.0% (males), with sphingolipid and glycerophophospholipid species displaying the greatest amplitudes. Remarkably, specific sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid species, previously described as cardiometabolically favourable, were found elevated in aged individuals. Furthermore, specific ether-glycerophospholipid and lyso-glycerophosphocholine species displayed higher levels in aged females only, revealing a more favourable lipidome evolution in females. Altogether, age determined the circulating lipidome composition, while lipid species analysis revealed additional findings that were not observed at the subclass level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (J.C.); (D.I.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (L.S.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (A.S.-T.)
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22
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McGurk KA, Williams SG, Guo H, Watkins H, Farrall M, Cordell HJ, Nicolaou A, Keavney BD. Heritability and family-based GWAS analyses of the N-acyl ethanolamine and ceramide plasma lipidome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:500-513. [PMID: 33437986 PMCID: PMC8101358 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling lipids of the N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) and ceramide (CER) classes have emerged as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to establish the heritability of plasma NAEs (including the endocannabinoid anandamide) and CERs, to identify common DNA variants influencing the circulating concentrations of the heritable lipids, and assess causality of these lipids in CVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR). Nine NAEs and 16 CERs were analyzed in plasma samples from 999 members of 196 British Caucasian families, using targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. All lipids were significantly heritable (h2 = 36-62%). A missense variant (rs324420) in the gene encoding the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which degrades NAEs, associated at genome-wide association study (GWAS) significance (P < 5 × 10-8) with four NAEs (DHEA, PEA, LEA and VEA). For CERs, rs680379 in the SPTLC3 gene, which encodes a subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in CER biosynthesis, associated with a range of species (e.g. CER[N(24)S(19)]; P = 4.82 × 10-27). We observed three novel associations between SNPs at the CD83, SGPP1 and DEGS1 loci, and plasma CER traits (P < 5 × 10-8). 2SMR in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D cohorts (60 801 cases; 123 504 controls) and in the DIAGRAM cohort (26 488 cases; 83 964 controls), using the genetic instruments from our family-based GWAS, did not reveal association between genetically determined differences in CER levels and CVD or diabetes. Two of the novel GWAS loci, SGPP1 and DEGS1, suggested a casual association between CERs and a range of haematological phenotypes, through 2SMR in the UK Biobank, INTERVAL and UKBiLEVE cohorts (n = 110 000-350 000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A McGurk
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
| | - Simon G Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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23
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Seah JYH, Chew WS, Torta F, Khoo CM, Wenk MR, Herr DR, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Dietary Fat and Protein Intake in Relation to Plasma Sphingolipids as Determined by a Large-Scale Lipidomic Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020093. [PMID: 33567768 PMCID: PMC7915172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid concentrations have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Because sphingolipids can be synthesized de novo from saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fatty acids may affect plasma sphingolipid concentrations. We aimed to evaluate dietary fat and protein intakes in relation to circulating sphingolipid levels. We used cross-sectional data from 2860 ethnic Chinese Singaporeans collected from 2004–2007. Nutrient intakes were estimated on the basis of a validated 159-item food frequency questionnaire. We quantified 79 molecularly distinct sphingolipids in a large-scale lipidomic evaluation from plasma samples. Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher concentrations of 16:1;O2 sphingolipids including ceramides, monohexosylcermides, dihexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower plasma long-chain ceramides and long-chain monohexosylcermide concentrations. Protein intake was inversely associated with concentrations of most subclasses of sphingolipids, with the exception of sphingolipids containing a 16:1;O2 sphingoid base. Lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and protein may decrease plasma concentrations of several sphingolipid classes. These findings may represent a novel biological mechanism for the impact of nutrient intakes on cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowy Yi Hoong Seah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
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24
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Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, steatohepatitis, myocardial infarction, and stroke has increased dramatically over the past two decades. These obesity-fueled disorders result, in part, from the aberrant accumulation of harmful lipid metabolites in tissues not suited for lipid storage (e.g., the liver, vasculature, heart, and pancreatic beta-cells). Among the numerous lipid subtypes that accumulate, sphingolipids such as ceramides are particularly impactful, as they elicit the selective insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and ultimately cell death that underlie nearly all metabolic disorders. This review summarizes recent findings on the regulatory pathways controlling ceramide production, the molecular mechanisms linking the lipids to these discrete pathogenic events, and exciting attempts to develop therapeutics to reduce ceramide levels to combat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA;
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
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25
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Meeusen JW, Donato LJ, Kopecky SL, Vasile VC, Jaffe AS, Laaksonen R. Ceramides improve atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment beyond standard risk factors. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:138-142. [PMID: 33058843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive lipids that act as secondary messengers for both intra- and inter-cellular signaling. Elevated plasma concentrations of ceramides are associated with multiple risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, atherosclerotic plaques have been shown to be highly enriched with ceramides. Increases in ceramide content may accelerate atherosclerosis development by promoting LDL infiltration to the endothelium and aggregation within the intima of artery walls. Thus, ceramides appear to play a key role in the development of cardiometabolic disease due to their central location in major metabolic pathways that intersect lipid and glucose metabolism. Recently published data have shown that ceramides are not only of scientific interest but may also have diagnostic value. Their independent prognostic value for future cardiovascular outcomes over and above LDL cholesterol and other traditional risk factors have consistently been shown in numerous clinical studies. Thus, ceramide testing with a mass spectrometer offers a simple, reproducible and cost-effective blood test for risk stratification in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Meeusen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Leslie J Donato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Vlad C Vasile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Ferchaud-Roucher V, Zair Y, Aguesse A, Krempf M, Ouguerram K. Omega 3 Improves Both apoB100-containing Lipoprotein Turnover and their Sphingolipid Profile in Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5893579. [PMID: 32805740 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence for an association between sphingolipids and metabolic disorders is increasingly reported. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) improve apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)-containing lipoprotein metabolism, but their effects on the sphingolipid content in lipoproteins remain unknown. OBJECTIVES In subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, we analyzed the effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs on the turnover apoB100-containing lipoproteins and on their sphingolipid content and looked for the possible association between these lipid levels and apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover parameters. METHODS Six subjects underwent a kinetic study before and after n-3 supplementation for 2 months with 1 g of fish oil 3 times day containing 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triglycerides. We examined apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover by primed perfusion labeled [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine and determined kinetic parameters using a multicompartmental model. We quantified sphingolipid species content in lipoproteins using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Supplementation decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and apoB100 concentrations. The VLDL neutral and polar lipids showed increased n-3 LC-PUFA and decreased n-6 LC-PUFA content. The conversion rate of VLDL1 to VLDL2 and of VLDL2 to LDL was increased. We measured a decrease in total apoB100 production and VLDL1 production. Supplementation reduced the total ceramide concentration in VLDL while the sphingomyelin content in LDL was increased. We found positive correlations between plasma palmitic acid and VLDL ceramide and between VLDL triglyceride and VLDL ceramide, and inverse correlations between VLDL n-3 LC-PUFA and VLDL production. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we hypothesize that the improvement in apoB100 metabolism during n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is contributed to by changes in sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Yassine Zair
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, INRAe, UMR 1280 Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes, France
- CRNH, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
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27
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Cao R, Fang Z, Li S, Xu M, Zhang J, Han D, Hu W, Yan L, Wang Y, Fan L, Cao F. Circulating Ceramide: A New Cardiometabolic Biomarker in Patients With Comorbid Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1104. [PMID: 33041846 PMCID: PMC7522524 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated the association of circulating ceramides in patients with comorbid acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (ACS-DM). Methods A total of 761 patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from March to August 2018 were enrolled in this study. Of these 761 patients, 282 were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We selected 65 patients with ACS-DM (ACS-DM group; mean age 64.88 years; 38 men) and 65 patients with ACS but without any comorbidities (ACS group; mean age 64.68 years; 38 men); the two groups were matched by age and sex. We determined four circulating ceramides in 130 plasma samples: Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and Cer(d18:1/24:0). The ceramides in plasma samples from patients with ACS and those from patients with ACS-DM were compared. Pearson correlation coefficients between individual ceramides and traditional cardiovascular risk factors for the whole study population were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relativity between the ceramide and ACS-DM. Results Compared with the ACS group, the levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and their ratios to Cer(d18:1/24:0) were higher in the ACS-DM group and Cer(d18:1/24:0) was lower in the ACS-DM group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated mild-to-moderate correlations of ceramide and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. There were relatively strong correlations of Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) with C-reactive protein, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c. In multiple logistic regression models, Cer(d18:1/18:0) [odds ratio (OR) 2.396; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–5.205; P = 0.027], Cer(d18:1/24:1) (OR 2.826; 95% CI 1.158–6.896; P = 0.023), Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 2.242; 95% CI 1.103–4.555; P = 0.026), and Cer(d18:1/24:1)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 2.673; 95% CI 1.225–5.836; P = 0.014) were positively correlated with ACS-DM, and Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 0.200; 95% CI 0.051–0.778; P = 0.020) was negatively correlated with ACS-DM. Conclusion Circulating ceramides are positively correlated with the risk of ACS-DM comorbidity. These results give a new insight into the pathogenesis of ACS-DM comorbidity and could provide new options for risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Fang
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sulei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiu Yan
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Qin M, Zhu Q, Lai W, Ma Q, Liu C, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Yan H, Lei H, Zhang S, Dong X, Wang H, Huang M, Lian Q, Zhong S. Insights into the prognosis of lipidomic dysregulation for death risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e189. [PMID: 32997403 PMCID: PMC7522592 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia contributes to the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) toward adverse outcomes. Plasma lipidomic measure may improve the prognostic performances of clinical endpoints of CAD. Our research is designed to identify the correlations between plasma lipid species and the risks of death, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with CAD. METHODS A total of 1569 Chinese patients with CAD, 1011 single-centre patients as internal training cohort, and 558 multicentre patients as external validation cohort, were enrolled. The concentration of plasma lipids in both cohorts was determined through widely targeted lipidomic profiling. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox and multivariate Cox regressions were used to develop prognostic models for death and MACE, respectively. RESULTS Ten (Cer(d18:1/20:1), Cer(d18:1/24:1), PE(30:2), PE(32:0), PE(32:2), PC(O-38:2), PC(O-36:4), PC(16:1/22:2), LPC(18:2/0:0) and LPE(0:0/24:6)) and two (Cer(d18:1/20:1) and LPC(20:0/0:0)) lipid species were independently related to death and MACE, respectively. Cer(d18:1/20:1) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) were correlated with LV remodeling (P < .05). The lipidic panel incorporating 10 lipid species and two traditional biomarkers for predicting 5-year death risk represented a remarkable higher discrimination than traditional model with increased area under the curve from 76.56 to 83.65%, continuous NRI of 0.634 and IDI of 0.131. Furthermore, the panel was successfully used in differentiating multicentre patients with low, middle, or high risks (P < .0001). Further analysis indicated that the number of double bonds of phosphatidyl choline and the content of carbon atoms of phosphatidyl ethanolamines were negatively associated with death risk. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in the prediction of death confirms the effectiveness of plasma lipids as predictors to risk classification in patients with CAD. The association between the structural characteristics of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and death risk highlights the need for mechanistic research that characterizes the role of individual lipid species in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qin
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Weihua Lai
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qilin Ma
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Zixian Wang
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Ji‐Nan University Medical CollegeGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Xuekui Dong
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd.WuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd.WuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitute of Clinical PharmacologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Department of PharmacyGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease PreventionGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
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Salidroside-Mediated Autophagic Targeting of Active Src and Caveolin-1 Suppresses Low-Density Lipoprotein Transcytosis across Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9595036. [PMID: 32685103 PMCID: PMC7333065 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9595036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoprotein, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is the initial step of atherogenesis. Activation of autophagy exhibits beneficial effects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In our previous study, we demonstrated that hyperglycemia suppressed autophagic degradation of caveolin-1, which in turn resulted in acceleration of caveolae-mediated LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells and lipid retention. Therefore, targeting the crossed pathway in autophagy activation and LDL transcytosis interruption may be a promising antiatherosclerotic strategy. In metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside compound (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) methyl-β-glucopyranoside), is the most important compound responsible for the therapeutic activities of Rhodiola. However, whether salidroside suppresses LDL transcytosis to alleviate atherosclerosis has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that salidroside significantly decreased LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells. Salidroside-induced effects were dramatically blocked by AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) inhibitor (compound c, AMPKα siRNA) and by overexpression of exogenous tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1 using transfected cells with phosphomimicking caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14 mutant plasmids (Y14D). Furthermore, we observed that salidroside promoted autophagosome formation via activating AMPK. Meanwhile, the interaction between caveolin-1 and LC3B-II, as well as the interaction between active Src (indicated by the phosphorylation of Src on tyrosine 416) and LC3B-II, was significantly increased, upon stimulation with salidroside. In addition, both bafilomycin A1 (a lysosome inhibitor) and an AMPK inhibitor (compound c) markedly prevented salidroside-induced autophagic degradation of p-Src and caveolin-1. Moreover, the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14 was disrupted due to the downregulation of p-Src and caveolin-1, thereby directly decreasing LDL transcytosis by attenuating the number of caveolae on the cell membrane and by preventing caveolae-mediated LDL endocytosis released from the cell membrane. In ApoE−/− mice, salidroside significantly delayed the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Meanwhile, a significant increase in LC3B, accompanied by attenuated accumulation of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1, was observed in aortic endothelium of ApoE−/− mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that salidroside protected against atherosclerosis by inhibiting LDL transcytosis through enhancing the autophagic degradation of active Src and caveolin-1.
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Barchuk M, Dutour A, Ancel P, Svilar L, Miksztowicz V, Lopez G, Rubio M, Schreier L, Nogueira JP, Valéro R, Béliard S, Martin JC, Berg G, Gaborit B. Untargeted Lipidomics Reveals a Specific Enrichment in Plasmalogens in Epicardial Adipose Tissue and a Specific Signature in Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:986-1000. [PMID: 32102570 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an active endocrine organ that could contribute to the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) through the paracrine release of proatherogenic mediators. Numerous works have analyzed the inflammatory signature of EAT, but scarce informations on its lipidome are available. Our objective was first to study the differences between EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) lipidomes and second to identify the specific untargeted lipidomic signatures of EAT and SAT in CAD. Approach and Results: Subcutaneous and EAT untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed in 25 patients with CAD and 14 patients without CAD and compared with paired plasma lipidomic analysis of isolated VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). Lipidomics was performed on a C18 column hyphenated to a Q-Exactive plus mass spectrometer, using both positive and negative ionization mode. EAT and SAT had independent lipidomic profile, with 95 lipid species differentially expressed and phosphatidylethanolamine 18:1p/22:6 twenty-fold more expressed in EAT compared with SAT false discovery rate =3×10-4). Patients with CAD exhibited more ceramides (P=0.01), diglycerides (P=0.004; saturated and nonsaturated), monoglycerides (P=0.013) in their EAT than patients without CAD. Conversely, they had lesser unsaturated TG (triglycerides; P=0.02). No difference was observed in the 295 lipid species found in SAT between patients with and without CAD. Fifty-one lipid species were found in common between EAT and plasma lipoproteins. TG 18:0/18:0/18:1 was found positively correlated (r=0.45, P=0.019) in EAT and HDL and in EAT and VLDL (r=0.46, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS CAD is associated with specific lipidomic signature of EAT, unlike SAT. Plasma lipoprotein lipidome only partially reflected EAT lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Barchuk
- From the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.L., L.S., G.B.)
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.).,Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., R.V., S.B., B.G.)
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.).,CRIBIOM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Medecine de la Timone, France (L.S.)
| | - Veronica Miksztowicz
- From the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.L., L.S., G.B.).,Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina (V.M., G.B.)
| | - Graciela Lopez
- From the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.L., L.S., G.B.)
| | - Miguel Rubio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", División de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Argentina (M.R.)
| | - Laura Schreier
- From the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.L., L.S., G.B.)
| | - Juan Patricio Nogueira
- Servicio de Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Central de Formosa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Argentina (J.P.N.)
| | - René Valéro
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.).,Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., R.V., S.B., B.G.)
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.).,Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., R.V., S.B., B.G.)
| | - Jean Charles Martin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.)
| | - Gabriela Berg
- From the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.B., V.M., G.L., L.S., G.B.).,Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina (V.M., G.B.)
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, France (A.D., P.A., L.S., R.V., S.B., J.C.M., B.G.).,Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, France (A.D., R.V., S.B., B.G.)
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Colmorten KB, Nexoe AB, Sorensen GL. The Dual Role of Surfactant Protein-D in Vascular Inflammation and Development of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2264. [PMID: 31616435 PMCID: PMC6763600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 31% of all global deaths. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease and is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol, extracellular matrix, and immune cells in the vascular wall. Recently, the collectin surfactant protein-D (SP-D), an important regulator of the pulmonary immune response, was found to be expressed in the vasculature. Several in vitro studies have examined the role of SP-D in the vascular inflammation leading to atherosclerosis. These studies show that SP-D plays a dual role in the development of atherosclerosis. In general, SP-D shows anti-inflammatory properties, and dampens local inflammation in the vessel, as well as systemic inflammation. However, SP-D can also exert a pro-inflammatory role, as it stimulates C-C chemokine receptor 2 inflammatory blood monocytes to secrete tumor necrosis-factor α and increases secretion of interferon-γ from natural killer cells. In vivo studies examining the role of SP-D in the development of atherosclerosis agree that SP-D plays a proatherogenic role, with SP-D knockout mice having smaller atherosclerotic plaque areas, which might be caused by a decreased systemic inflammation. Clinical studies examining the association between SP-D and cardiovascular disease have reported a positive association between circulatory SP-D level, carotid intima-media thickness, and coronary artery calcification. Other studies have found that circulatory SP-D is correlated with increased risk of both total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies examining the relationship between SP-D and CVDs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmie B Colmorten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Bathum Nexoe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tuccinardi D, Farr OM, Upadhyay J, Oussaada SM, Klapa MI, Candela M, Rampelli S, Lehoux S, Lázaro I, Sala-Vila A, Brigidi P, Cummings RD, Mantzoros CS. Mechanisms underlying the cardiometabolic protective effect of walnut consumption in obese people: A cross-over, randomized, double-blind, controlled inpatient physiology study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2086-2095. [PMID: 31087608 PMCID: PMC6684390 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of walnuts on cardiometabolic outcomes in obese people and to explore the underlying mechanisms using novel methods including metabolomic, lipidomic, glycomic and microbiome analysis, integrated with lipid particle fractionation, appetite-regulating hormones and haemodynamic measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 obese individuals were enrolled in this cross-over, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The participants had two 5-day inpatient stays, during which they consumed a smoothie containing 48 g walnuts or a macronutrient-matched placebo smoothie without nuts, with a 1-month washout period between the two visits. RESULTS Walnut consumption improved aspects of the lipid profile; it reduced fasting small and dense LDL particles (P < 0.02) and increased postprandial large HDL particles (P < 0.01). Lipoprotein insulin resistance score, glucose and the insulin area under the curve (AUC) decreased significantly after walnut consumption (P < 0.01, P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). Consuming walnuts significantly increased 10 N-glycans, with eight of them carrying a fucose core. Lipidomic analysis showed a robust reduction in harmful ceramides, hexosylceramides and sphingomyelins, which have been shown to mediate effects on cardiometabolic risk. The peptide YY AUC significantly increased after walnut consumption (P < 0.03). No major significant changes in haemodynamic or metabolomic analysis or in microbiome host health-promoting bacteria such as Faecalibacterium were found. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a more comprehensive mechanistic perspective of the effect of dietary walnut consumption on cardiometabolic variables. Lipidomic and lipid nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed an early but significant reduction in ceramides and other atherogenic lipids with walnut consumption, which may explain the longer-term benefits of walnuts or other nuts on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina M Oussaada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria I Klapa
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering & Bioengineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Patras, Greece
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre Glycomics Core, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- CIBERde Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August PiSunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- CIBERde Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August PiSunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
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Meeusen JW, Donato LJ, Bryant SC, Baudhuin LM, Berger PB, Jaffe AS. Plasma Ceramides. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1933-1939. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Ceramides are sphingolipids involved with cellular signaling. Synthesis of ceramides occurs in all tissues. Ceramides accumulate within tissues and the blood plasma during metabolic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Elevations of ceramides are predictive of cardiovascular mortality. We sought to verify the utility of plasma concentrations of 4 ceramides: N-palmitoyl-sphingosine [Cer(16:0)], N-stearoyl-sphingosine [Cer(18:0)], N-nervonoyl-sphingosine [Cer(24:1)], and N-lignoceroyl-sphingosine [Cer(24:0)] in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in a diverse patient population referred for coronary angiography.
Approach and Results—
Plasma ceramides were measured in 495 participants before nonurgent coronary angiography. Coronary artery disease, defined as >50% stenosis in ≥1 coronary artery, was identified 265 (54%) cases. Ceramides were not significantly associated with coronary artery disease. Patients were followed for a combined primary end point of myocardial infarction, percutaneous intervention, coronary artery bypass, stroke, or death within 4 years. Ceramides were significantly predictive of outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, smoking, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glucose, and family history of coronary artery disease. The fully adjusted per SD hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.50 (1.16–1.93) for Cer(16:0), 1.42 (1.11–1.83) for Cer(18:0), 1.43 (1.08–1.89) for Cer(24:1), and 1.58 (1.22–2.04) for the ceramide risk score.
Conclusions—
Elevated plasma concentrations of ceramides are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Meeusen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.W.M., L.J.D., L.M.B., A.S.J.)
| | - Leslie J. Donato
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.W.M., L.J.D., L.M.B., A.S.J.)
| | | | - Linnea M. Baudhuin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.W.M., L.J.D., L.M.B., A.S.J.)
| | - Peter B. Berger
- Department of Cardiology (P.B.B., A.S.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Allan S. Jaffe
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.W.M., L.J.D., L.M.B., A.S.J.)
- Department of Cardiology (P.B.B., A.S.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Hansen HS, Vana V. Non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols in the intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1443-1454. [PMID: 29473944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent findings of the physiological and pharmacological role of non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) in the intestine and their involvement in the gut-brain signalling. Dietary fat suppresses food intake, and much research concerns the known gut peptides, for example, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK). NAEs and 2-MAGs represent another class of local gut signals most probably involved in the regulation of food intake. We discuss the putative biosynthetic pathways and targets of NAEs in the intestine as well as their anorectic role and changes in intestinal levels depending on the dietary status. NAEs can activate the transcription factor PPARα, but studies to evaluate the role of endogenous NAEs are generally lacking. Finally, we review the role of diet-derived 2-MAGs in the secretion of anorectic gut peptides via activation of GPR119. Both PPARα and GPR119 have potential as pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and the former for treatment of intestinal inflammation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald S Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Vana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review was to summarize evidence gathered for the prognostic value of routine and novel blood lipids and lipoproteins measured in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). RECENT FINDINGS Data supports clear association with risk and actionable value for non-high-density lipoprotein (Non-HDL) cholesterol and plasma ceramides in a setting of ACS. The prognostic value and clinical actionability of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in ACS have not been thoroughly tested, while the data for omega-3 fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) are either untested or more varied. Measuring basic lipids, which should include Non-HDL cholesterol, at the time of presentation for ACS is guideline mandated. Plasma ceramides also provide useful information to guide both treatment decisions and follow-up. Additional studies targeting ACS patients are necessary for apoB, Lp(a), omega-3 fatty acids, and Ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Meeusen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Leslie J Donato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Garcia-Castillo MD, Chinnapen DJF, Lencer WI. Membrane Transport across Polarized Epithelia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027912. [PMID: 28213463 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells line diverse surfaces throughout the body forming selective barriers between the external environment and the internal milieu. To cross these epithelial barriers, large solutes and other cargoes must undergo transcytosis, an endocytic pathway unique to polarized cell types, and significant for the development of cell polarity, uptake of viral and bacterial pathogens, transepithelial signaling, and immunoglobulin transport. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the transcytotic pathway for proteins and lipids. We also discuss briefly the promise of harnessing the molecules that undergo transcytosis as vehicles for clinical applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J-F Chinnapen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02155.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02155.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02155
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02155.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02155.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02155
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TNF-α stimulates endothelial palmitic acid transcytosis and promotes insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44659. [PMID: 28304381 PMCID: PMC5356338 DOI: 10.1038/srep44659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent elevation of plasma TNF-α is a marker of low grade systemic inflammation. Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant type of saturated fatty acid in human body. PA is bound with albumin in plasma and could not pass through endothelial barrier freely. Albumin-bound PA has to be transported across monolayer endothelial cells through intracellular transcytosis, but not intercellular diffusion. In the present study, we discovered that TNF-α might stimulate PA transcytosis across cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, which further impaired the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and promoted insulin resistance. In this process, TNF-α-stimulated endothelial autophagy and NF-κB signaling crosstalk with each other and orchestrate the whole event, ultimately result in increased expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 (FATP4) in endothelial cells and mediate the increased PA transcytosis across microvascular endothelial cells. Hopefully the present study discovered a novel missing link between low grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Bian F, Cui J, Zheng T, Jin S. Reactive oxygen species mediate angiotensin II-induced transcytosis of low-density lipoprotein across endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:629-635. [PMID: 28204818 PMCID: PMC5360350 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The retention of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles to subendothelial spaces through transcytosis across the endothelium is the initial step of atherosclerosis (AS). Angiotensin II (Ang II), as the principal effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is implicated in several important steps of AS development. However, whether or not Ang II can directly exert a pro‑atherogenic effect by promoting LDL transcytosis across endothelial barriers, has not been defined. In the present study, we found that Ang II upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in endothelial cells (ECs) by measuring fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF‑DA). Based on our transcytosis model, we observed that Ang II significantly accelerated LDL transcytosis, whereas transcytosis inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and ROS inhibitor dithiothreitol (DTT), markedly blocked the Ang II-stimulated increase in LDL transcytosis. Confocal imaging analysis revealed that both LDL uptake by cells and LDL retention in human umbilical venous walls were highly elevated after Ang II exposure, while MβCD and DTT significantly inhibited the effects of Ang II. What is more, proteins involved in caveolae-mediated transcytosis, including LDL receptor (LDLR), caveolin-1 and cavin-1, were associated with Ang II-induced LDL transcytosis across the ECs. Nevertheless, this process was independent of clathrin in our study. Of note, ROS inhibitor, DTT, markedly decreased the expression levels of those proteins. Consequently, ROS are critical mediators in Ang II-induced LDL transcytosis. Hopefully, these findings will provide novel insight into the crosstalk between dyslipidemia and RAS in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Wu D, Yang X, Zheng T, Xing S, Wang J, Chi J, Bian F, Li W, Xu G, Bai X, Wu G, Jin S. A novel mechanism of action for salidroside to alleviate diabetic albuminuria: effects on albumin transcytosis across glomerular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E225-37. [PMID: 26646098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00391.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL) is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea. R. rosea has been reported to have beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and high-glucose (HG)-induced mesangial cell proliferation. Given the importance of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in transcytosis of albumin across the endothelial barrier, the present study was designed to elucidate whether SAL could inhibit Cav-1 phosphorylation and reduce the albumin transcytosis across glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) to alleviate diabetic albuminuria as well as to explore its upstream signaling pathway. To assess the therapeutic potential of SAL and the mechanisms involved in DN albuminuria, we orally administered SAL to db/db mice, and the effect of SAL on the albuminuria was measured. The albumin transcytosis across GECs was explored in a newly established in vitro cellular model. The ratio of albumin to creatinine was significantly reduced upon SAL treatment in db/db mice. SAL decreased the albumin transcytosis across GECs in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. SAL reversed the HG-induced downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and upregulation of Src kinase and blocked the upregulation Cav-1 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, SAL decreased mitochondrial superoxide anion production and moderately depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. We conclude that SAL exerts its proteinuria-alleviating effects by downregulation of Cav-1 phosphorylation and inhibition of albumin transcytosis across GECs. These studies provide the first evidence of interference with albumin transcytosis across GECs as a novel approach to the treatment of diabetic albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Shasha Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jianghong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Gao Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Xiangli Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Guangjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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40
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Chaurasia B, Summers SA. Ceramides - Lipotoxic Inducers of Metabolic Disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:538-550. [PMID: 26412155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In obesity and dyslipidemia, the oversupply of fat to tissues not suited for lipid storage induces cellular dysfunction that underlies diabetes and cardiovascular disease (i.e., lipotoxicity). Of the myriad lipids that accrue under these conditions, sphingolipids such as ceramide or its metabolites are amongst the most deleterious because they disrupt insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell function, vascular reactivity, and mitochondrial metabolism. Remarkably, inhibiting ceramide biosynthesis or catalyzing ceramide degradation in rodents ameliorates many metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and steatohepatitis. Herein we discuss and critically assess studies that identify sphingolipids as major contributors to the tissue dysfunction underlying metabolic pathologies, highlighting the need to further decipher the full array of benefits elicited by ceramide depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A Summers
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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