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Hasanabadi AJ, Beirami E, Kamaei M, Esfahani DE. Effect of imipramine on memory, adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial biogenesis in a rat model of alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112517. [PMID: 38986856 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of imipramine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment. Male Wistar rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, 3 μl/ventricle) using the stereotaxic apparatus. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate cognitive functions. 24 h after the STZ injection, imipramine was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. The mRNA and protein levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were measured in the hippocampus using real-time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. In addition, real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of markers associated with neurogenesis (Nestin, DCX, and Ki67) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM). The results showed that imipramine, especially at a dose of 20 mg/kg, effectively improved STZ-induced memory impairment. This improvement was associated with an increase in neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors and a decrease in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction. Based on these results, imipramine appears to be a promising therapeutic option for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Kamaei
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Eslimi Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Fakih N, Fakhoury M. Alzheimer Disease-Link With Major Depressive Disorder and Efficacy of Antidepressants in Modifying its Trajectory. J Psychiatr Pract 2024; 30:181-191. [PMID: 38819242 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide, with no effective cure. The main symptoms include learning and memory loss, and the inability to carry out the simplest tasks, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Over the past few years, tremendous progress has been made in research demonstrating a link between AD and major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence suggests that MDD is commonly associated with AD and that it can serve as a precipitating factor for this disease. Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which are the first line of treatment for MDD, have shown great promise in the treatment of depression in AD, although their effectiveness remains controversial. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association between AD, MDD, and antidepressant treatment. It first provides an overview of the interaction between AD and MDD at the level of genes, brain regions, neurotransmitter systems, and neuroinflammatory markers. The review then presents current evidence regarding the effectiveness of various antidepressants for AD-related pathophysiology and then finally discusses current limitations, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fakih
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Dey J, Chandra S, Gupta J, Tripathi PP. Hippocampal neurodegeneration induces transient endogenous regeneration and long-term exhaustion of the neurogenic niche. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31249. [PMID: 38501376 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus, responds to diverse pathological stimuli through neurogenesis. This phenomenon, observed following brain injury or neurodegeneration, is postulated to contribute to neuronal repair and functional recovery, thereby presenting an avenue for endogenous neuronal restoration. This study investigated the extent of regenerative response in hippocampal neurogenesis by leveraging the well-established kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model in vivo. In our study, we observed the activation and proliferation of neuronal progenitors or neural stem cell (NSC) and their subsequent migration to the injury sites following the seizure. At the injury sites, new neurons (Tuj1+BrdU+ and NeuN+BrdU+) have been generated indicating regenerative and reparative roles of the progenitor cells. We further detected whether this transient neurogenic burst, which might be a response towards an attempt to repair the brain, is associated with persistent long-term exhaustion of the dentate progenitor cells and impairment of adult neurogenesis marked by downregulation of Ki67, HoPX, and Sox2 with BrdU+ cell in the later part of life. Our studies suggest that the adult brain has the constitutive endogenous regenerative potential for brain repair to restore the damaged neurons, meanwhile, in the long term, it accelerates the depletion of the finite NSC pool in the hippocampal neurogenic niche by changing its proliferative and neurogenic capacity. A thorough understanding of the impact of modulating adult neurogenesis will eventually be required to design novel therapeutics to stimulate or assist brain repair while simultaneously preventing the adverse effects of early robust neurogenesis on the proliferative potential of endogenous neuronal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhilik Dey
- Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyashi Chandra
- Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jalaj Gupta
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Liu S, Wang M, Xiao H, Ye J, Cao L, Li W, Sun G. Advancements in research on the effects of panax notoginseng saponin constituents in ameliorating learning and memory disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28581. [PMID: 38586351 PMCID: PMC10998096 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory disorder is a cluster of symptoms caused by neuronal aging and other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are a series of saponins derived from the natural active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that have neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. In this paper, we review the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of Panax notoginseng saponin-like components on learning and memory disorders to provide valuable references and insights for the development of new drugs for the treatment of learning and memory disorders. Our summary results suggest that Panax ginseng saponins have significant effects on improving learning and memory disorders, and these effects and potential mechanisms are mediated by their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, β-amyloid lowering, mitochondrial homeostasis in vivo, neuronal structure and function improving, neurogenesis promoting, neurotransmitter release regulating, and probiotic homeostasis in vivo activities. These findings suggest the potential of Panax notoginseng saponin-like constituents as drug candidates for improving learning and memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu J, Zaidi A, Pike CJ. Microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR-4 protects against neural effects of diet-induced obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580189. [PMID: 38405877 PMCID: PMC10888944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous adverse neural effects, including reduced neurogenesis, cognitive impairment, and increased risks for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Obesity is also characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is implicated in mediating negative consequences body-wide. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling from peripheral macrophages is implicated as an essential regulator of the systemic inflammatory effects of obesity. In the brain, obesity drives chronic neuroinflammation that involves microglial activation, however the contributions of microglia-derived TLR4 signaling to the consequences of obesity are poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we first generated mice that carry an inducible, microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR4 that yields long-term TLR4 knockout only in brain indicating microglial specificity. Next, we analyzed the effects of microglial TLR4 deletion on systemic and neural effects of a 16-week of exposure to control versus obesogenic high-fat diets. In male mice, TLR4 deletion generally yielded limited effects on diet-induced systemic metabolic dysfunction but significantly reduced neuroinflammation and impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive performance. In female mice maintained on obesogenic diet, TLR4 deletion partially protected against weight gain, adiposity, and metabolic impairments. Compared to males, females showed milder diet-induced neural consequences, against which TLR4 deletion was protective. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a central role of microglial TLR4 signaling in mediating the neural effects of obesogenic diet and highlight sexual dimorphic responses to both diet and TLR4.
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Li H, Tamura R, Hayashi D, Asai H, Koga J, Ando S, Yokota S, Kaneko J, Sakurai K, Sumiyoshi A, Yamamoto T, Hikishima K, Tanaka KZ, McHugh TJ, Hisatsune T. Silencing dentate newborn neurons alters excitatory/inhibitory balance and impairs behavioral inhibition and flexibility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4741. [PMID: 38198539 PMCID: PMC10780870 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis confers the hippocampus with unparalleled neural plasticity, essential for intricate cognitive functions. The specific influence of sparse newborn neurons (NBNs) in modulating neural activities and subsequently steering behavior, however, remains obscure. Using an engineered NBN-tetanus toxin mouse model (NBN-TeTX), we noninvasively silenced NBNs, elucidating their crucial role in impulse inhibition and cognitive flexibility as evidenced through Morris water maze reversal learning and Go/Nogo task in operant learning. Task-based functional MRI (tb-fMRI) paired with operant learning revealed dorsal hippocampal hyperactivation during the Nogo task in male NBN-TeTX mice, suggesting that hippocampal hyperexcitability might underlie the observed behavioral deficits. Additionally, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) exhibited enhanced functional connectivity between the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus following NBN silencing. Further investigations into the activities of PV+ interneurons and mossy cells highlighted the indispensability of NBNs in maintaining the hippocampal excitation/inhibition balance. Our findings emphasize that the neural plasticity driven by NBNs extensively modulates the hippocampus, sculpting inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Li
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Risako Tamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Junya Koga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shota Ando
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sayumi Yokota
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jun Kaneko
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sakurai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Hikishima
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Z. Tanaka
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Thomas J. McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Toltin AC, Belkadi A, Gamba LM, Hossain MM. The Preventive Effects of Salubrinal against Pyrethroid-Induced Disruption of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15614. [PMID: 37958604 PMCID: PMC10648946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including pesticide exposure, have been identified as substantial contributors to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. Previously, we demonstrated that repeated exposure to deltamethrin induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, and impairs cognition in adult mice. Here, we investigated the potential relationship between ER stress and hippocampal neurogenesis following exposure to deltamethrin, utilizing both pharmacological and genetic approaches. To investigate whether ER stress is associated with inhibition of neurogenesis, mice were given two intraperitoneal injections of eIf2α inhibitor salubrinal (1 mg/kg) at 24 h and 30 min prior to the oral administration of deltamethrin (3 mg/kg). Salubrinal prevented hippocampal ER stress, as indicated by decreased levels of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and attenuated deltamethrin-induced reductions in BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. To further explore the relationship between ER stress and adult neurogenesis, we used caspase-12 knockout (KO) mice. The caspase-12 KO mice exhibited significant protection against deltamethrin-induced reduction of BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus. In addition, deltamethrin exposure led to a notable upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12 expression in a significant portion of BrdU- and Ki-67-positive cells in WT mice. Conversely, both salubrinal-treated mice and caspase-12 KO mice exhibited a considerably lower number of CHOP-positive cells in the hippocampus. Together, these findings suggest that exposure to the insecticide deltamethrin triggers ER stress-mediated suppression of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may subsequently contribute to learning and memory deficits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muhammad M. Hossain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Vergil Andrews JF, Selvaraj DB, Kumar A, Roshan SA, Anusuyadevi M, Kandasamy M. A Mild Dose of Aspirin Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Working Memory in Experimental Ageing Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1108. [PMID: 37509038 PMCID: PMC10376986 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has been reported to prevent memory decline in the elderly population. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as an underlying basis of learning and memory. This study investigated the effect of aspirin on spatial memory in correlation with the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and microglia in the brains of ageing experimental mice. Results from the novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM), and cued radial arm maze (cued RAM) revealed that aspirin treatment enhances working memory in experimental mice. Further, the co-immunohistochemical assessments on the brain sections indicated an increased number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) double-positive newly generated neurons in the hippocampi of mice in the aspirin-treated group compared to the control group. Moreover, a reduced number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba)-1-positive microglial cells was evident in the hippocampus of aspirin-treated animals. Recently, enhanced activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in circulation has been identified as an indicative biomarker of dementia. The biochemical assessment in the blood of aspirin-treated mice showed decreased activity of AChE in comparison with that of the control group. Results from this study revealed that aspirin facilitates hippocampal neurogenesis which might be linked to enhanced working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Divya Bharathi Selvaraj
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Syed Aasish Roshan
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Teoh SH, Balan SS, Shariff H, Kumar J, Bahari H, Embong H. Dietary Polyphenols as a Protection against Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Animal Experiments; Mechanisms and Limitations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051054. [PMID: 37237920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive impairments may result from various factors, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, impaired neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition, and gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, dietary polyphenol intake in a recommended dosage has been suggested to reverse cognitive dysfunction via various pathways. However, excessive intake of polyphenols could trigger unwanted adverse effects. Thus, this review aims to outline possible causes of cognitive impairments and how polyphenols alleviate memory loss via various pathways based on in vivo experimental studies. Thus, to identify potentially relevant articles, the keywords (1) nutritional polyphenol intervention NOT medicine AND neuron growth OR (2) dietary polyphenol AND neurogenesis AND memory impairment OR (3) polyphenol AND neuron regeneration AND memory deterioration (Boolean operators) were used in the Nature, PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley online libraries. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 research papers were selected to be further reviewed. The outcome of all the studies included supports the statement of appropriate dosage by taking into consideration gender differences, underlying conditions, lifestyle, and causative factors for cognitive decline, which will significantly boost memory power. Therefore, this review recapitulates the possible causes of cognitive decline, the mechanism of polyphenols involving various signaling pathways in modulating the memory, gut dysbiosis, endogenous antioxidants, bioavailability, dosage, and safety efficacy of polyphenols. Hence, this review is expected to provide a basic understanding of therapeutic development for cognitive impairments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Halim Shariff
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UITM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Therapeutic effects of growth hormone in a rat model of total sleep deprivation: Evaluating behavioral, hormonal, biochemical and electrophysiological parameters. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114190. [PMID: 36332721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total sleep deprivation (TSD) causes several harmful changes in the brain, including memory impairment, increased stress and depression levels, as well as reduced antioxidant activity. Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to boost antioxidant levels while improving memory and depression. The present study was conducted to explain the possible effects of exogenous GH against behavioral and biochemical disorders caused by TSD and the possible mechanisms involved. MAIN METHODS To induce TSD, rats were housed in homemade special cages equipped with stainless steel wire conductors to induce general and inconsistent TSD. They received a mild repetitive electric shock to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. GH (1 ml/kg, sc) was administered to rats during induction of TSD for 21 days. Memory retrieval, anxiety, depression-like behaviors, pain behaviors, antioxidant activity, hippocampal level of BDNF, and simultaneously brain electrical activity were measured at scheduled times after TSD. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that GH treatment improved memory (p < 0.001) in the PAT test of rats exposed to TSD. These beneficial effects were associated with lowering the level of anxiety and depression-like behavior (p < 0.001), rising the pain threshold (p < 0.01), increasing the activity of antioxidants (p < 0.01), hippocampal BDNF (p < 0.001), and regular brain electrical activity. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show that GH plays a key role in modulating memory, anxiety and depression behaviors, as well as reducing oxidative stress and improve hippocampal single-unit activity in the brain during TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Arvin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmail Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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11
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Chen HY, Zhao Y, Xie YZ. Immunosenescence of brain accelerates Alzheimer's disease progression. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:85-101. [PMID: 35791032 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are sporadic and occur after age 65. With prolonged life expectancy and general population aging, AD is becoming a significant public health concern. The immune system supports brain development, plasticity, and homeostasis, yet it is particularly vulnerable to aging-related changes. Aging of the immune system, called immunosenescence, is the multifaceted remodeling of the immune system during aging. Immunosenescence is a contributing factor to various age-related diseases, including AD. Age-related changes in brain immune cell phenotype and function, crosstalk between immune cells and neural cells, and neuroinflammation work together to promote neurodegeneration and age-related cognitive impairment. Although numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between systemic immune changes and AD, few studies focus on the immune state of brain microenvironment in aging and AD. This review mainly addresses the changes of brain immune microenvironment in aging and AD. Specifically, we delineate how various aspects of the brain immune microenvironment, including immune gateways, immune cells, and molecules, and the interplay between immune cells and neural cells, accelerate AD pathogenesis during aging. We also propose a theoretical framework of therapeutic strategies selectively targeting the different mechanisms to restore brain immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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12
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Chen L, Li J, Liu X, Zhao Z, Jin Y, Fu Y, Zhou A, Wang C, Zhou Y. Vitamin B6 Deficiency Induces Autism-Like Behaviors in Rats by Regulating mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in the Hippocampus. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:6991826. [PMID: 37200987 PMCID: PMC10188270 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6991826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 (VB6) exhibits therapeutic effects towards autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but its specific mechanism is poorly understood. Rat dams were treated with VB6 standard, VB6 deficiency, or VB6 supplementary diet, and the same treatment was provided to their offspring, with their body weights monitored. Three-chambered social test and open field test were employed to evaluate the effect of VB6 on autism-like behaviors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) generation and synaptic inhibition of neurons in the hippocampus of rat were detected via immunofluorescence staining, followed by the measurement of GABA concentration through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The role of VB6 in the autophagy and apoptosis of cells was determined via Western blot and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). In order to conduct rescue experiments, the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or the activation of GABA was achieved by drug administration to the offspring rats with VB6 deficiency. As a result, no evident difference in weight was observed in the offspring with varied VB6 treatments. VB6 deficiency impaired social interaction; aggravated self-grooming and bowel frequency; decreased GABA concentration, VIAAT, GAD67, vGAT expressions, and LC3 II/LC3 I ratio; increased p62 level and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio; and promoted cell apoptosis. Inhibition of mTOR reversed the effect of VB6 deficiency on cell autophagy. GABA activation or mTOR inhibition offset the role of VB6 deficiency in autism-like behaviors and hippocampal GABA expression. Collectively, VB6 deficiency induces autism-like behaviors in rats by regulating mTOR-mediated autophagy in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinglian Liu
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikun Fu
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqin Zhou
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengqun Wang
- Children's Health Department, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Wuhan KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
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13
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Shen W, Jiang N, Zhou W. What can traditional Chinese medicine do for adult neurogenesis? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158228. [PMID: 37123359 PMCID: PMC10130459 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive function and mood regulation, while aberrant adult neurogenesis contributes to various neurological and psychiatric diseases. With a better understanding of the significance of adult neurogenesis, the demand for improving adult neurogenesis is increasing. More and more research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including TCM prescriptions (TCMPs), Chinese herbal medicine, and bioactive components, has unique advantages in treating neurological and psychiatric diseases by regulating adult neurogenesis at various stages, including proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this review, we summarize the progress of TCM in improving adult neurogenesis and the key possible mechanisms by which TCM may benefit it. Finally, we suggest the possible strategies of TCM to improve adult neurogenesis in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang, ; Wenxia Zhou,
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14
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Baskerville R, McGrath T, Castell L. The effects of physical activity on glutamate neurotransmission in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1147384. [PMID: 36949894 PMCID: PMC10025343 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an effective way of increasing cognitive and emotional health and counteracting many psychiatric conditions. Numerous neurobiological models for depression have emerged in the past 30 years but many struggle to incorporate the effects of exercise. The hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) containing predominantly glutamate neurotransmission, are the centres of changes seen in depression. There is therefore increasing interest in glutamatergic systems which offers new paradigms of understanding mechanisms connecting physical activity, stress, inflammation and depression, not explained by the serotonin theories of depression. Similar hippocampal glutamate dysfunction is observed in many other neuropsychiatric conditions. Excitatory glutamate neurones have high functionality, but also high ATP requirements and are therefore vulnerable to glucocorticoid or pro-inflammatory stress that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, with synaptic loss, culminating in depressed mood and cognition. Exercise improves mitochondrial function, angiogenesis and synaptogenesis. Within the glutamate hypothesis of depression, the mechanisms of stress and inflammation have been extensively researched, but PA as a mitigator is less understood. This review examines the glutamatergic mechanisms underlying depression and the evidence of physical activity interventions within this framework. A dynamic glutamate-based homeostatic model is suggested whereby stress, neuroinflammation and PA form counterbalancing influences on hippocampal cell functionality, which manifests as depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions when homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baskerville
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Richard Baskerville
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15
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Xu SX, Xie XH, Yao L, Chen LC, Wan Q, Chen ZH, Liu Z. Trajectories of Efficacy and Cognitive Function During Electroconvulsive Therapy Course in Young Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:267-281. [PMID: 36744206 PMCID: PMC9893845 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s394155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the effectiveness and cognitive side-effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in young adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The primary aim of this prospective longitudinal observational trial was to examine the clinical features and cognitive outcomes of young adults with TRD undergoing ECT. METHODS Changes in depressive symptoms and objective and subjective cognitive function were assessed using repeated evaluation at baseline, after each ECT session, and at one-month follow-up using the Montgomery-Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Forward Digital Span Test (FDST), and part of the Columbia Subjective Side Effects Schedule. RESULTS Of 41 inpatients, 35 (85.4%) and 12 (29.3%) met the criteria for response and remission after ECT, respectively. The greatest clinical improvements occurred during the first 3-4 ECT sessions. While 34 patients reported subjective cognitive impairment increased with ECT, immediate and delayed memory (RBANS) significantly increased after ECT, consistent with FDST results. Objective cognition significantly improved during follow-up, but subjective cognition remained impaired. CONCLUSION ECT is effective in young adults with TRD. Although subjective cognitive impairment increased during treatment, objective cognitive impairments were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Melgar-Locatelli S, de Ceglia M, Mañas-Padilla MC, Rodriguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E, Castro-Zavala A, Rivera P. Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147269. [PMID: 36908779 PMCID: PMC9995971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a complex process by which neural progenitor cells (NPCs)/neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and other brain cells. In adulthood, the hippocampus is one of the areas with more neurogenesis activity, which is involved in the modulation of both emotional and cognitive hippocampal functions. This complex process is affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including nutrition. In this regard, preclinical studies performed in rats and mice demonstrate that high fats and/or sugars diets have a negative effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In contrast, diets enriched with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, as well as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, can induce AHN. Interestingly, there is also growing evidence demonstrating that offspring AHN can be affected by maternal nutrition in the perinatal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions from early stages and throughout life are a promising perspective to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary factors affect AHN are still being studied. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that additional peripheral mediators may be involved. In this sense, the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain and could act as a link between nutritional factors and AHN. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize, the most recent findings related to the influence of nutrition and diet in the modulation of AHN. The importance of maternal nutrition in the AHN of the offspring and the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the nutrition-neurogenesis relationship have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodriguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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17
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KDM6B cooperates with Tau and regulates synaptic plasticity and cognition via inducing VGLUT1/2. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5213-5226. [PMID: 36028572 PMCID: PMC10108576 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate shapes learning and memory, but the underlying epigenetic mechanism of glutamate regulation in neuron remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that lysine demethylase KDM6B was expressed in excitatory neurons and declined in hippocampus with age. Conditional knockout of KDM6B in excitatory neurons reduced spine density, synaptic vesicle number and synaptic activity, and impaired learning and memory without obvious effect on brain morphology in mice. Mechanistically, KDM6B upregulated vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and 2 (VGLUT1/2) in neurons through demethylating H3K27me3 at their promoters. Tau interacted and recruited KDM6B to the promoters of Slc17a7 and Slc17a6, leading to a decrease in local H3K27me3 levels and induction of VGLUT1/2 expression in neurons, which could be prevented by loss of Tau. Ectopic expression of KDM6B, VGLUT1, or VGLUT2 restored spine density and synaptic activity in KDM6B-deficient cortical neurons. Collectively, these findings unravel a fundamental mechanism underlying epigenetic regulation of synaptic plasticity and cognition.
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18
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Optimized N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist exhibits hippocampal proneurogenic effects in aged senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Neuroreport 2022; 33:623-628. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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20
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Xu S, Deng Y, Luo J, He E, Liu Y, Zhang K, Yang Y, Xu S, Sha L, Song Y, Xu Q, Cai X. High-Throughput PEDOT:PSS/PtNPs-Modified Microelectrode Array for Simultaneous Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Neuronal Networks in Gradual Learning Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15736-15746. [PMID: 35294190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to mechanisms of brain functions such as learning and memory mediated by neural networks, existing multichannel electrophysiological detection and regulation technology at the cellular level does not suffice. To address this challenge, a 128-channel microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated for electrical stimulation (ES) training and electrophysiological recording of the hippocampal neurons in vitro. The PEDOT:PSS/PtNPs-coated microelectrodes dramatically promote the recording and electrical stimulation performance. The MEA exhibited low impedance (10.94 ± 0.49 kohm), small phase delay (-12.54 ± 0.51°), high charge storage capacity (14.84 ± 2.72 mC/cm2), and high maximum safe injection charge density (4.37 ± 0.22 mC/cm2), meeting the specific requirements for training neural networks in vitro. A series of ESs at various frequencies was applied to the neuronal cultures in vitro, seeking the optimum training mode that enables the neuron to display the most obvious plasticity, and 1 Hz ES was determined. The network learning process, including three consecutive trainings, affected the original random spontaneous activity. Along with that, the firing pattern gradually changed to burst and the correlation and synchrony of the neuronal activity in the network have progressively improved, increasing by 314% and 240%, respectively. The neurons remembered these changes for at least 4 h. Collectively, ES activates the learning and memory functions of neurons, which is manifested in transformations in the discharge pattern and the improvement of network correlation and synchrony. This study offers a high-performance MEA revealing the underlying learning and memory functions of the brain and therefore serves as a useful tool for the development of brain functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Targeting the Erk1/2 and autophagy signaling easily improved the neurobalst differentiation and cognitive function after young transient forebrain ischemia compared to old gerbils. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 35220404 PMCID: PMC8882190 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal neurogenesis occurs constitutively throughout adulthood in mammalian species, but declines with age. In this study, we overtly found that the neuroblast proliferation and differentiation in the subgranular zone and the maturation into fully functional and integrated neurons in the granule-cell layer in young gerbils following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was much more than those in old gerbils. The neurological function and cognitive and memory-function rehabilitation in the young gerbils improved faster than those in the old one. These results demonstrated that, during long term after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the ability of neurogenesis and recovery of nerve function in young animals were significantly higher than that in the old animals. We found that, after 14- and 28-day cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p90RSK, and MSK1/2 protein levels in the hippocampus of young gerbils was significantly much higher than that of old gerbils. The levels of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, and LC3 in the hippocampus were effectively maintained and elevated at 28 days after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the young gerbils compared with those in the old gerbils. These results indicated that an increase or maintenance of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 signal pathway and autophagy-related proteins was closely associated with the neuroblast proliferation and differentiation and the process of maturation into neurons. Further, we proved that neuroblast proliferation and differentiation in the dentate gyrus and cognitive function were significantly reversed in young cerebral ischemic gerbils by administering the ERK inhibitor (U0126) and autophagy inhibitor (3MA). In brief, following experimental young ischemic stroke, the long-term promotion of the neurogenesis in the young gerbil’s hippocampal dentate gyrus by upregulating the phosphorylation of ERK signaling pathway and maintaining autophagy-related protein levels, it overtly improved the neurological function and cognitive and memory function.
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22
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Chavoshinezhad S, Zibaii MI, Seyed Nazari MH, Ronaghi A, Asgari Taei A, Ghorbani A, Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Valian N, Motamedi F, Haghparast A, Dargahi L. Optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex reveals the implication of insulin signaling in adult rat's hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110344. [PMID: 33964323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays a critical role in learning and memory. Projections originating from entorhinal cortex, known as the perforant pathway, provide the main input to the dentate gyrus and promote neurogenesis. However, neuromodulators and molecular changes mediating neurogenic effects of this pathway are not yet fully understood. Here, by means of an optogenetic approach, we investigated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats induced by stimulation of the perforant pathway. The lentiviruses carrying hChR2 (H134R)-mCherry gene under the control of the CaMKII promoter were injected into the medial entorhinal cortex region of adult rats. After 21 days, the entorhinal cortex region was exposed to the blue laser (473 nm) for five consecutive days (30 min/day). The expression of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis markers in the hippocampus were evaluated using molecular and histological approaches. In parallel, the changes in the gene expression of insulin and its signaling pathway, trophic factors, and components of mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed. Our results showed that optogenetic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity concomitant with the increased levels of insulin mRNA and its signaling markers, neurotrophic factors, and activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that effects of perforant pathway stimulation on the hippocampus, at least in part, are mediated by insulin increase in the dentate gyrus and subsequently activation of its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolaziz Ronaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Deniz ÖG, Kaplan S. The effects of different herbals on the rat hippocampus exposed to electromagnetic field for one hour during the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 119:102043. [PMID: 34808256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to highlight the possible effects on the hippocampus of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones, and to investigate whether these potential effects can be reduced using various antioxidant substances. Twenty-seven female Wistar albino rats were divided into nine equal groups, each containing three pregnant rats aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 200-250 gr. The EMF groups were exposed to 900 Megahertz (MHz) EMF for 1 h (hr) a day for 21 days. No EMF exposure was applied to the Cont and also the groups given only Garcinia kola (GK), Momordica charantia (MC), and thymoquinone (TQ). The Sham group was kept in the polycarbonate EMF exposure system, but was not exposed to EMF. Four weeks after birth, rat pups were subjected to behavioural tests. Brain tissue samples were evaluated using histological, stereological, functional, and immunohistochemical methods. The numbers of pyramidal neurons in the rat cornu ammonis (CA) were determined using the optical fractionator method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the blood samples were also evaluated. The analysis data indicated that total pyramidal neuron numbers were decreased significantly in the CA of the EMF (1 hr) group (p < 0.01). Our results also showed that the protective effect of MC was more potent than that of the other antioxidant substances (p < 0.01). A 900 MHz EMF can cause deleterious changes in the brain. It can also be suggested that GK, MC and TQ are capable of reducing these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun Turkey
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24
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Awathale SN, Waghade AM, Kawade HM, Jadhav G, Choudhary AG, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM. Neuroplastic Changes in the Superior Colliculus and Hippocampus in Self-rewarding Paradigm: Importance of Visual Cues. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:890-915. [PMID: 34797522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coincident excitation via different sensory modalities encoding objects of positive salience is known to facilitate learning and memory. With a view to dissect the contribution of visual cues in inducing adaptive neural changes, we monitored the lever press activity of a rat conditioned to self-administer sweet food pellets in the presence/absence of light cues. Application of light cues facilitated learning and consolidation of long-term memory. The superior colliculus (SC) of rats trained on light cue showed increased neuronal activity, dendritic branching, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA expression. Concomitantly, the hippocampus showed augmented neurogenesis as well as BDNF protein and mRNA expression. While intra-SC administration of U0126 (inhibitor of ERK 1/2 and long-term memory) impaired memory formation, lidocaine (local anaesthetic) hindered memory recall. The light cue-dependent sweet food pellet self-administration was coupled with increased efflux of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). In conditioned rats, pharmacological inhibition of glutamatergic signalling in dentate gyrus (DG) reduced lever press activity, as well as DA and DOPAC secretion in the AcbSh. We suggest that the neuroplastic changes in the SC and hippocampus might represent memory engrams sculpted by visual cues encoding reward information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay N Awathale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Akash M Waghade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Harish M Kawade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Gouri Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Amit G Choudhary
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Sneha Sagarkar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Nishikant K Subhedar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440 033, India.
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25
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Hossain MM, Belkadi A, Al-Haddad S, Richardson JR. Deltamethrin Exposure Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Deficits in Learning and Memory in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:347-357. [PMID: 32976580 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in learning and memory are often associated with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, which is regulated by numerous processes, including precursor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation to mature neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that adult born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus can functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuitry and contribute to hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here, we demonstrate that relatively short-term deltamethrin exposure (3 mg/kg every 3 days for 1 month) inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and causes deficits in learning and memory in mice. Hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions were evaluated using 2 independent hippocampal-dependent behavioral tests, the novel object recognition task and Morris water maze. We found that deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited profound deficits in novel object recognition and learning and memory in water maze. Deltamethrin exposure significantly decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells (39%) and Ki67+ cells (47%) in the DG of the hippocampus, indicating decreased cellular proliferation. In addition, deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited a 44% decrease in nestin-expressing neural progenitor cells and a 38% reduction in the expression of doublecortin (DCX), an early neuronal differentiation marker. Furthermore, deltamethrin-exposed mice exhibited a 25% reduction in total number of granule cells in the DG. These findings indicate that relatively short-term exposure to deltamethrin causes significant deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis that is associated with impaired learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Abdelmadjid Belkadi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Sara Al-Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
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26
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Kamte YS, Chandwani MN, Michaels AC, O’Donnell LA. Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral? Viruses 2021; 13:v13081468. [PMID: 34452333 PMCID: PMC8402908 DOI: 10.3390/v13081468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.
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27
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Rodina AV, Semochkina YP, Vysotskaya OV, Romantsova AN, Strepetov AN, Moskaleva EY. Low dose gamma irradiation pretreatment modulates the sensitivity of CNS to subsequent mixed gamma and neutron irradiation of the mouse head. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:926-942. [PMID: 34043460 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACТPurpose: To explore if the total body γ-irradiation at a dose of 0.1 Gy 7 days prior to acute mixed γ, n-irradiation of the head at the dose of 1 Gy can reduce the harmful effects of neutron irradiation on the hippocampal functions, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.Materials and methods: Mice were exposed to γ-radiation alone, mixed γ,n-radiation or combined γ-rays and γ,n-radiation 7 days after γ-irradiation. Two months post-irradiation, mice were tested in Open Field and in the Morris water maze. The content of microglia, astrocytes, proliferating cells and cytokines TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, GFAP levels, hippocampal BDNF, NT-3, NT-4, NGF mRNA expression were evaluated.Results: Two months after combined irradiation, we observed impaired hippocampus-dependent cognition, which was not detected in mice exposed to γ,n-irradiation. Combined exposure and γ,n-irradiation led to a significant increase in the level of activated microglia and astrocytes in the brains. The level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and hippocampal neurotrophine's genes changed differenly after the combined exposure and γ,n-irradiation. The quantity of DCX-positive cells was reduced after γ,n-irradiation exposer alone, but increased after combined irradiation.Conclusions: Our results indicate radio-adaptive responses in brains of mice that were exposed to low-dose gamma irradiation 7 days prior to acute 1 Gy γ,n-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V Rodina
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chair of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia P Semochkina
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Vysotskaya
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia N Romantsova
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr N Strepetov
- Kurchatov Nuclear Physics Complex, NRC 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Y Moskaleva
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Technologies, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
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28
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The Participation of Microglia in Neurogenesis: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050658. [PMID: 34070012 PMCID: PMC8157831 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis was one of the most important discoveries of the last century, helping us to better understand brain function. Researchers recently discovered that microglia play an important role in this process. However, various questions remain concerning where, at what stage, and what types of microglia participate. In this review, we demonstrate that certain pools of microglia are determinant cells in different phases of the generation of new neurons. This sheds light on how cells cooperate in order to fine tune brain organization. It also provides us with a better understanding of distinct neuronal pathologies.
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29
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Shu H, Guo Z, Chen X, Qi S, Xiong X, Xia S, Huang Q, Lan L, Gong J, Huang S, Yang B, Tan G. Intracerebral Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells Restores Manganese-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice. Aging Dis 2021; 12:371-385. [PMID: 33815871 PMCID: PMC7990353 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a potent neurotoxin known to cause long-lasting structural damage and progressive cognitive deficits in the brain. However, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed since current treatments only target symptoms of Mn exposure. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the etiology of Mn-induced cognitive deficits. In this study, we evaluated the effect of direct intracerebral transplantation of NSCs on cognitive function of mice chronically exposed to MnCl2, and further explored the distribution of transplanted NSCs in brain tissues. NSCs were isolated and bilaterally injected into the hippocampal regions or lateral ventricles of Mn-exposed mice. The results showed that many transplanted cells migrated far away from the injection sites and survived in vivo in the Mn-exposed mouse brain, implying enhanced neurogenesis in the host brain. We found that NSCs transplanted into either the hippocampal regions or the lateral ventricles significantly improved spatial learning and memory function of the Mn-exposed mice in the Morris water maze. Immunofluorescence analyses indicated that some surviving NSCs differentiated into neurons or glial cells, which may have become functionally integrated into the impaired local circuits, providing a possible cellular basis for the improvement of cognitive function in NSC-transplanted mice. Taken together, our findings confirm the Mn-induced impairment of neurogenesis in the brain and underscore the potential of treating Mn exposure by NSC transplantation, providing a practical therapeutic strategy against this type of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Shu
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,3China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongxin Guo
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,3China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangren Chen
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,3China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuya Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinxin Xiong
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,3China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Huang
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Lan
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiangu Gong
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Boning Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guohe Tan
- 1Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,2Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,3China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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30
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Lunardi P, Mansk LMZ, Jaimes LF, Pereira GS. On the novel mechanisms for social memory and the emerging role of neurogenesis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:56-66. [PMID: 33753208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Social memory (SM) is a key element in social cognition and it encompasses the neural representation of conspecifics, an essential information to guide behavior in a social context. Here we evaluate classical and cutting-edge studies on neurobiology of SM, using as a guiding principle behavioral tasks performed in adult rodents. Our review highlights the relevance of the hippocampus, especially the CA2 region, as a neural substrate for SM and suggest that neural ensembles in the olfactory bulb may also encode SM traces. Compared to other hippocampus-dependent memories, much remains to be done to describe the neurobiological foundations of SM. Nonetheless, we argue that special attention should be paid to neurogenesis. Finally, we pinpoint the remaining open question on whether the hippocampal adult neurogenesis acts through pattern separation to permit the discrimination of highly similar stimuli during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lunardi
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lara M Z Mansk
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laura F Jaimes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Grace S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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31
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Sun D, Milibari L, Pan JX, Ren X, Yao LL, Zhao Y, Shen C, Chen WB, Tang FL, Lee D, Zhang JS, Mei L, Xiong WC. Critical Roles of Embryonic Born Dorsal Dentate Granule Neurons for Activity-Dependent Increases in BDNF, Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, and Antianxiety-like Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:600-614. [PMID: 33183762 PMCID: PMC7889658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentate gyrus (DG), a "gate" that controls information flow into the hippocampus, plays important roles in regulating both cognitive (e.g., spatial learning and memory) and mood behaviors. Deficits in DG neurons contribute to the pathogenesis of not only neurological, but also psychiatric, disorders, such as anxiety disorder. Whereas DG's function in spatial learning and memory has been extensively investigated, its role in regulating anxiety remains elusive. METHODS Using c-Fos to mark DG neuron activation, we identified a group of embryonic born dorsal DG (dDG) neurons, which were activated by anxiogenic stimuli and specifically express osteocalcin (Ocn)-Cre. We further investigated their functions in regulating anxiety and the underlying mechanisms by using a combination of chemogenetic, electrophysiological, and RNA-sequencing methods. RESULTS The Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons were highly active in response to anxiogenic environment but had lower excitability and fewer presynaptic inputs than those of Ocn-Cre- or adult born dDG neurons. Activating Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons suppressed anxiety-like behaviors and increased adult DG neurogenesis, whereas ablating or chronically inhibiting Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons exacerbated anxiety-like behaviors, impaired adult DG neurogenesis, and abolished activity (e.g., voluntary wheel running)-induced anxiolytic effect and adult DG neurogenesis. RNA-sequencing screening for factors induced by activation of Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons identified BDNF, which was required for Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons mediated antianxiety-like behaviors and adult DG neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate critical functions of Ocn-Cre+ dDG neurons in suppressing anxiety-like behaviors but promoting adult DG neurogenesis, and both functions are likely through activation of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leena Milibari
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ling-Ling Yao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jun-Shi Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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32
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Matsuda VDV, Tejada MB, Motta-Teixeira LC, Ikebara JM, Cardoso DS, Machado-Nils AV, Lee VY, Diccini I, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Dias NMM, Tessarotto RP, Raeisossadati R, Bruno M, Takase LF, Kihara AH, Nogueira MI, Xavier GF, Takada SH. Impact of neonatal anoxia and hypothermic treatment on development and memory of rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113691. [PMID: 33713657 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is well established as a standard treatment for term and near-term infants. However, therapeutic effects of hypothermia following neonatal anoxia in very premature babies remains inconclusive. The present rodent model of preterm neonatal anoxia has been shown to alter developmental milestones and hippocampal neurogenesis, and to disrupt spatial learning and memory in adulthood. These effects seem to be reduced by post-insult hypothermia. Epigenetic-related mechanisms have been postulated as valuable tools for developing new therapies. Dentate gyrus neurogenesis is regulated by epigenetic factors. This study evaluated whether TH effects in a rodent model of preterm oxygen deprivation are based on epigenetic alterations. The effects of TH on both developmental features (somatic growth, maturation of physical characteristics and early neurological reflexes) and performance of behavioral tasks at adulthood (spatial reference and working memory, and fear conditioning) were investigated in association with the possible involvement of the epigenetic operator Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), possibly related to long-lasting effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Results showed that TH reduced both anoxia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and anoxia-induced impairments on risk assessment behavior, acquisition of spatial memory, and extinction of auditory and contextual fear conditioning. In contrast, TH did not prevent developmental alterations caused by neonatal anoxia and did not restore hippocampal neurogenesis or cause changes in EZH2 levels. In conclusion, despite the beneficial effects of TH in hippocampal neurodegeneration and in reversing disruption of performance of behavioral tasks following oxygen deprivation in prematurity, these effects seem not related to developmental alterations and hippocampal neurogenesis and, apparently, is not caused by Ezh2-mediated epigenetic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Daniel Vasquez Matsuda
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Bustelo Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Vilar Machado-Nils
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Yonamine Lee
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Diccini
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Reza Raeisossadati
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Bruno
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Luiz Fernando Takase
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês Nogueira
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fernando Xavier
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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Kunz N, Kemper C. Complement Has Brains-Do Intracellular Complement and Immunometabolism Cooperate in Tissue Homeostasis and Behavior? Front Immunol 2021; 12:629986. [PMID: 33717157 PMCID: PMC7946832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical liver-derived and serum-effective complement system is well appreciated as a key mediator of host protection via instruction of innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent studies have discovered an intracellularly active complement system, the complosome, which has emerged as a central regulator of the core metabolic pathways fueling human immune cell activity. Induction of expression of components of the complosome, particularly complement component C3, during transmigration from the circulation into peripheral tissues is a defining characteristic of monocytes and T cells in tissues. Intracellular complement activity is required to induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, including increased glycolytic flux and OXPHOS, which drive the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. Consequently, reduced complosome activity translates into defects in normal monocyte activation, faulty Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and loss of protective tissue immunity. Intriguingly, neurological research has identified an unexpected connection between the physiological presence of innate and adaptive immune cells and certain cytokines, including IFN-γ, in and around the brain and normal brain function. In this opinion piece, we will first review the current state of research regarding complement driven metabolic reprogramming in the context of immune cell tissue entry and residency. We will then discuss how published work on the role of IFN-γ and T cells in the brain support a hypothesis that an evolutionarily conserved cooperation between the complosome, cell metabolism and IFN-γ regulates organismal behavior, as well as immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Halloway S, Schoeny ME, Barnes LL, Arvanitakis Z, Pressler SJ, Braun LT, Volgman AS, Gamboa C, Wilbur J. A study protocol for MindMoves: A lifestyle physical activity and cognitive training intervention to prevent cognitive impairment in older women with cardiovascular disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 101:106254. [PMID: 33383230 PMCID: PMC7954878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment (CI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affect women compared to men, and CVD increases risk of CI. Physical activity and cognitive training can improve cognition in older adults and may have additive or synergistic effects. However, no combined intervention has targeted women with CVD or utilized a sustainable lifestyle approach. The purpose of the trial is to evaluate efficacy of MindMoves, a 24-week multimodal physical activity and cognitive training intervention, on cognition and serum biomarkers in older women with CVD. Three serum biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) were selected as a priori hypothesized indicators of the effects of physical activity and/or cognitive training on cognition. METHODS The study design is a randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design, to determine independent and combined efficacies of Mind (tablet-based cognitive training) and Move (lifestyle physical activity with goal-setting and group meetings) on change in cognition (primary outcome) and serum biomarkers (secondary outcomes). We will recruit 254 women aged ≥65 years with CVD and without CI from cardiology clinics. Women will be randomized to one of four conditions: (1) Mind, (2) Move, (3) MindMoves, or (4) usual care. Data will be obtained from participants at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. DISCUSSION This study will test efficacy of a lifestyle-focused intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in older women with CVD and may identify relevant serum biomarkers that could be used as early indicators of intervention response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Halloway
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michael E Schoeny
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 1750 W. Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 1750 W. Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Rush Medical College, 600 S. Paulina Street, Suite 524, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Susan J Pressler
- Indiana University, School of Nursing, 600 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Lynne T Braun
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | - Charlene Gamboa
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - JoEllen Wilbur
- Rush University, College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Mahdi O, Baharuldin MTH, Nor NHM, Chiroma SM, Jagadeesan S, Moklas MAM. The Neuroprotective Properties, Functions, and Roles of Cannabis sativa in Selected Diseases Related to the Nervous System. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:20-38. [PMID: 33504317 DOI: 10.2174/1871524921666210127110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis and its extracts are now being explored due to their huge health benefits. Although, the effect they elicit, whether on humans or rodents, may vary based on the age of the animal/subject and or the time in which the extract is administered. However, several debates exist concerning the various medical applications of these compounds. Nonetheless, their applicability as therapeutics should not be clouded based on their perceived negative biological actions. METHODS Articles from reliable databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Ovid were searched. Specific search methods were employed using multiple keywords: ''Medicinal Cannabis; endocannabinoid system; cannabinoids receptors; cannabinoids and cognition; brain disorders; neurodegenerative diseases''. For the inclusion/exclusion criteria, only relevant articles related to medicinal Cannabis and its various compounds were considered. RESULTS The current review highlights the role, effects, and involvement of Cannabis, cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids in preventing selected neurodegenerative diseases and possible amelioration of cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it also focuses on Cannabis utilization in many disease conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease among others. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the usage of Cannabis should be further explored as accumulating evidence suggests that it could be effective and somewhat safe, especially when adhered to the recommended dosage. Furthermore, in-depth studies should be conducted in order to unravel the specific mechanism underpinning the involvement of cannabinoids at the cellular level and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onesimus Mahdi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad T H Baharuldin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda M Nor
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Samaila M Chiroma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Jagadeesan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad A M Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Owens MM, Sweet LH, MacKillop J. Recent cannabis use is associated with smaller hippocampus volume: High-resolution segmentation of structural subfields in a large non-clinical sample. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12874. [PMID: 31991525 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is mixed evidence that individuals who use cannabis have reduced hippocampal and amygdalar gray matter volume, potentially because of small sample sizes and imprecise morphological characterization. New automated segmentation procedures have improved the measurement of these structures and allow better examination of their subfields, which have been linked to distinct aspects of memory and emotion. The current study applies this new segmentation procedure to the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (N = 1080) to investigate associations of cannabis use with gray matter volume in the hippocampus and amygdala. Results revealed significant bilateral inverse associations of hippocampal volume with recent cannabis use (THC+ urine drug screen; P < .005). Hippocampal subfield analyses indicated these associations were primarily driven by the head of the hippocampus, the first section of the cornu amonis (CA1), the subicular complex, and the molecular layer of the hippocampus. No associations were detected for age of cannabis initiation, the frequency of cannabis use across the lifespan, or the lifetime presence of cannabis use disorder. In one of the largest studies to date, these results support the hypothesis that recent cannabis use is linked to reduced hippocampal volume, but that this effect may dissipate following prolonged abstinence. Furthermore, these results clarify the specific subfields which may be most associated with recent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Owens
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Lawrence H. Sweet
- Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Gomes PRL, Motta-Teixeira LC, Gallo CC, Carmo Buonfiglio DD, Camargo LSD, Quintela T, Reiter RJ, Amaral FGD, Cipolla-Neto J. Maternal pineal melatonin in gestation and lactation physiology, and in fetal development and programming. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113633. [PMID: 33031801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are reproductive processes that rely on physiological adaptations that should be timely and adequately triggered to guarantee both maternal and fetal health. Pineal melatonin is a hormone that presents daily and seasonal variations that synchronizes the organism's physiology to the different demands across time through its specific mechanisms and ways of action. The reproductive system is a notable target for melatonin as it actively participates on reproductive physiology and regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis, influencing gonadotropins and sexual hormones synthesis and release. For its antioxidant properties, melatonin is also vital for the oocytes and spermatozoa quality and viability, and for blastocyst development. Maternal pineal melatonin blood levels increase during pregnancy and triggers the maternal physiological alterations in energy metabolism both during pregnancy and lactation to cope with the energy demands of both periods and to promote adequate mammary gland development. Moreover, maternal melatonin freely crosses the placenta and is the only source of this hormone to the fetus. It importantly times the conceptus physiology and influences its development and programing of several functions that depend on neural and brain development, ultimately priming adult behavior and energy and glucose metabolism. The present review aims to explain the above listed melatonin functions, including the potential alterations observed in the progeny gestated under maternal chronodisruption and/or hypomelatoninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues Lourenço Gomes
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Congentino Gallo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Scodeler de Camargo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Infante D. Henrique Ave, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, 862 Botucatu St., 5th floor, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Bldg 1, Lab 118, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Reduction in hippocampal volumes subsequent to heavy cannabis use: a 3-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113588. [PMID: 33261923 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis exposure is related to neuroanatomical changes in brain regions rich in cannabinoid receptors, such as the hippocampus. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether persistent heavy cannabis use leads to morphological changes in the hippocampus or whether an earlier age of onset of first cannabis use and/or higher doses of cannabis exposure exacerbate these alterations. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether continued heavy cannabis use in young adults is associated with an altered hippocampal volume. Twenty heavy cannabis users (CBs) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment and a T1 structural scan at baseline and at a 3-year follow-up visit. Volumes of the hippocampus and its subregions were estimated using volBrain software. Except for the cornu ammonis 2 (CA2)/CA3 subregions, age had significant effects on all hippocampal subregions in both the CB and HC groups. The relative right hippocampal volume and absolute and relative right CA1 volumes displayed a greater rate of decrease in CBs compared to HCs. In addition, we explored the relationship between alterations in hippocampal volume and cannabis use characteristics. Changes in the relative right hippocampal volume and the relative right CA1 volume were related to age at first cannabis use but not to age at onset of frequent cannabis use. Alterations in the relative right hippocampal volume and absolute and relative right CA1 volumes were associated with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT) scores. Based on these results, heavy cannabis use in early adulthood is a risk factor for a greater rate of decrease in the volume of the right hippocampus (particularly the right CA1).
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Does Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Influence Episodic Memory through Unique Mechanisms? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120913. [PMID: 33260817 PMCID: PMC7761124 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic and resistance exercise (acute and chronic) independently and collectively induce beneficial responses in the brain that may influence memory function, including an increase in cerebral blood flow, neurogenesis, neuroelectrical alterations, and protein production. However, whether aerobic and resistance exercise improve memory via similar or distinct mechanisms has yet to be fully explained. Here, we review the unique influence of aerobic and resistance exercise on neural modulation, proteins, receptors, and ultimately, episodic memory. Resistance training may optimize neural communication, information processing and memory encoding by affecting the allocation of attentional resources. Moreover, resistance exercise can reduce inflammatory markers associated with neural communication while increasing peripheral and central BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) production. Aerobic training increases hippocampal levels of BDNF and TrkB (Tropomyosin receptor kinase B), protein kinases and glutamatergic proteins. Likewise, both aerobic and anaerobic exercise can increase CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) phosphorylation. Thus, we suggest that aerobic and resistance exercise may influence episodic memory via similar and, potentially, distinct mechanisms.
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Dare LR, Garcia A, Soares CB, Lopes L, Neves BHS, Dias DV, Mello-Carpes PB. The Reversal of Memory Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Model Using Physical and Cognitive Exercise. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:152. [PMID: 32973471 PMCID: PMC7471627 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world, accounting for 50–75% of cases. Currently, there is limited treatment for AD. The current pharmacological therapy minimizes symptom progression but does not reverse brain damage. Studies focused on nonpharmacological treatment for AD have been developed to act on brain plasticity and minimize the neurotoxicity caused by the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Using a neurotoxicity model induced by Aβ in rats, the present study shows that physical (PE) and cognitive exercise (CE) reverse recognition memory deficits (with a prominent effect of long-term object recognition memory), decrease hippocampal lipid peroxidation, restore the acetylcholinesterase activity altered by Aβ neurotoxicity, and seems to reverse, at least partially, hippocampal tissue disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia R Dare
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Garcia
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Soares
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lopes
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur S Neves
- Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Dias
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Traumatic brain injury and hippocampal neurogenesis: Functional implications. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113372. [PMID: 32504636 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, self-renewing radial-glia like (RGL) progenitor cells have been shown to reside in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. A large body of evidence shows that experiences such as learning, enriched environment and stress can alter proliferation and differentiation of RGL progenitor cells. The progenitor cells present in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus divide to give rise to newborn neurons that migrate to the dentate gyrus where they differentiate into adult granule neurons. These newborn neurons have been found to have a unique role in certain types of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, including goal-directed behaviors that require pattern separation. Experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rodents has been shown to alter hippocampal neurogenesis, including triggering the acute loss of newborn neurons, as well as progenitor cell hyper-proliferation. In this review, we discuss the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory. Furthermore, we review evidence for the molecular mechanisms that contribute to newborn neuron loss, as well as increased progenitor cell proliferation after TBI. Finally, we discuss strategies aimed at enhancing neurogenesis after TBI and their possible therapeutic benefits.
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Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Extract Improves Memory Performance via Promotion of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093365. [PMID: 32397562 PMCID: PMC7247711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri L. Wettst. (BM) is a botanical component of Ayurvedic medicines and of dietary supplements used worldwide for cognitive health and function. We previously reported that administration of BM alcoholic extract (BME) prevents trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal cell damage and promotes TMT-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of BME improves spatial working memory in adolescent (5-week- old) healthy mice but not adult (8-week-old) mice. Moreover, improved spatial working memory was retained even at 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice. One-week BME treatment of adolescent mice significantly enhanced hippocampal BrdU incorporation and expression of genes involved in neurogenesis determined by RNAseq analysis. Cell death, as detected by histochemistry, appeared not to be significant. A significant increase in neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus region 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice with BME. Bacopaside I, an active component of BME, promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner via the facilitation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. These results suggest that BME enhances spatial working memory in healthy adolescent mice by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and that the effects of BME are due, in significant amounts, to bacopaside I.
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Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Hwang IK. Effects of Pyridoxine Deficiency on Hippocampal Function and Its Possible Association with V-Type Proton ATPase Subunit B2 and Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051067. [PMID: 32344819 PMCID: PMC7290376 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxine, one of the vitamin B6 vitamers, plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism and synthesis of monoamines as a cofactor. In the present study, we observed the effects of pyridoxine deficiency on novel object recognition memory. In addition, we examined the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid and the number of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the hippocampus. We also examined the effects of pyridoxine deficiency on protein profiles applying a proteomic study. Five-week-old mice fed pyridoxine-deficient diets for 8 weeks and showed a significant decrease in the serum and brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus) levels of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, a catalytically active form of vitamin-B6, and decline in 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus compared to controls fed a normal chow. In addition, pyridoxine deficiency significantly decreased Ki67-positive proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus compared to controls. A proteomic study demonstrated that a total of 41 spots were increased or decreased more than two-fold. Among the detected proteins, V-type proton ATPase subunit B2 (ATP6V1B2) and heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) showed coverage and matching peptide scores. Validation by Western blot analysis showed that ATP6V1B2 and HSC70 levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in pyridoxine-deficient mice compared to controls. These results suggest that pyridoxine is an important element of novel object recognition memory, monoamine levels, and hippocampal neurogenesis. Pyridoxine deficiency causes cognitive impairments and reduction in 5-HT and DA levels, which may be associated with a reduction of ATP6V1B2 and elevation of HSC70 levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea; (H.J.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (K.R.H.); (Y.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.Y.); (I.K.H.)
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44
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Jaimes LF, Mansk LMZ, Almeida-Santos AF, Pereira GS. Maturation of newborn neurons predicts social memory persistence in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108102. [PMID: 32302616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory transience is essential to gain cognitive flexibility. Recently, hippocampal neurogenesis is emerging as one of the mechanisms involved in the balance between persistence and forgetting. Social recognition memory (SRM) has its duration prolonged by neurogenesis. However, it is still to be determined whether boosting neurogenesis in distinct phases of SRM may favor forgetting over persistence. In the present study, we used enriched environment (EE) and memantine (MEM) to increase neurogenesis. SRM was ubiquitously prolonged by both, while EE after the memory acquisition did not favor forgetting. Interestingly, the proportion of newborn neurons with mature morphology in the dorsal hippocampus was higher in animals where persistence prevailed. Finally, one of the main factors for dendritic growth is the formation of cytoskeleton. We found that Latrunculin A, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, blunted the promnesic effect of EE. Altogether, our results indicate that the mechanisms triggered by EE to improve SRM are not limited to increasing the number of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Jaimes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara M Z Mansk
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana F Almeida-Santos
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grace S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil.
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45
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Ruiz-Gayo M, Olmo ND. Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms, Energy Metabolism, and Cognitive Function. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2416-2425. [PMID: 32156228 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between meal timing and light regulates circadian rhythms in mammals and not only determines the sleep-wake pattern but also the activity of the endocrine system. Related with that, the necessity to fulfill energy needs is a driving force that requires the participation of cognitive skills whose performance has been shown to undergo circadian variations. These facts have led to the concept that cognition and feeding behaviour can be analysed from a chronobiological perspective. In this context, research carried out during the last two decades has evidenced the link between feeding behaviour/nutritional habits and cognitive processes, and has highlighted the impact of circadian disorders on cognitive decline. All that has allowed hypothesizing a tight relationship between nutritional factors, chronobiology, and cognition. In this connection, experimental diets containing elevated amounts of fat and sugar (high-fat diets; HFDs) have been shown to alter in rodents the circadian distribution of meals, and to have a negative impact on cognition and motivational aspects of behaviour that disappear when animals are forced to adhere to a standard temporal eating pattern. In this review, we will present relevant studies focussing on the effect of HFDs on cognitive aspects of behaviour, paying particular attention to the influence that chronobiological alterations caused by these diets may have on hippocampaldependent cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria D Olmo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Jackson PA, Husberg C, Hustvedt SO, Calder PC, Khan J, Avery H, Forster J, Kennedy DO. Diurnal rhythm of plasma EPA and DHA in healthy adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 154:102054. [PMID: 32018166 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the diurnal variation in circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may be an important consideration for the development of dosing protocols designed to optimise tissue delivery of these fatty acids. The objective of the current study was to examine the variation in plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) over a 24-h period in healthy adults under eating and sleeping conditions generally approximate to a free-living environment. Twenty-one healthy participants aged 25-44 years took part in a single laboratory visit encompassing an overnight stay. EPA and DHA were measured in plasma samples collected every two hours from 22:00 until 22:00 the following day, with all meals being provided at conventional times. Cosinor analysis was used to estimate the diurnal variation in each fatty acid from pooled data across all participants. A significant diurnal variation in the pooled plasma concentrations of both fatty acids was detected. However, evidence of distinct rhythmicity was strongest for DHA. The timing of the peak concentration of DHA was 17:43 with a corresponding nadir at 05:43. In comparison, the observed acrophase for EPA was delayed by three hours, occurring at 20:41, with a nadir at 08:41. This is the first time that the diurnal variation in these important bioactive fatty acids has been described in a sample of healthy adults following a normal pattern of eating and sleeping. In the absence of any dietary intake of EPA and DHA, circulating levels of these fatty acids fall during the overnight period and reach their lowest point in the morning. Consumption of n-3 PUFAs at night time, which counteracts this pattern, may have functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa A Jackson
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton., Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Khan
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Avery
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Forster
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - David O Kennedy
- Brain Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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47
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Schaaf M, Balakrishnan K, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Adult neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies of red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum, HERBST) is influenced by the olfactory environment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1090. [PMID: 31974446 PMCID: PMC6978414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed adult persisting neurogenesis in insects, including the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, while it is absent in honeybees, carpenter ants, and vinegar flies. In our study, we focus on cell proliferation in the adult mushroom bodies of T. castaneum. We reliably labelled the progenies of the adult persisting mushroom body neuroblasts and determined the proliferation rate under several olfactory conditions within the first week after adult eclosion. We found at least two phases of Kenyon cell proliferation in the early adult beetle. Our results suggest that the generation of Kenyon cells during the first three days after adult eclosion is mainly genetically predetermined and a continuation of the developmental processes (nature), whereas from day four on proliferation seems to be mainly dependent on the odour environment (nurture). Considering that the mushroom bodies are linked to learning and memory, neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies is part of the remodelling of neuronal circuits leading to the adaption to the environment and optimization of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalina Schaaf
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karthi Balakrishnan
- Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgen-Institute, Büsgenweg 3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Clausthal University of Technology, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2a, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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48
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Sleep and the GH/IGF-1 axis: Consequences and countermeasures of sleep loss/disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 49:101223. [PMID: 31778943 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an up-to-date review of the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effect of sleep on the anabolic growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis. This axis is involved in learning and memory and neuroprotection at the central level, and in the crosstalk between sleep and the immune system, with respect to its anti-inflammatory properties. We also aim to provide insight into the consequences of sleep loss on cognitive capacities in healthy individuals and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), regarding the mechanistic association with the GH/IGF-1 axis. Finally, this review examines the inflammatory/endocrine pathways that are affected by sleep loss, and which may consequently interact with the GH/IGF-1 axis. The deleterious effects of sleep loss include fatigue, and can cause several adverse age-dependent health outcomes. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of the fundamental physiology underlying these effects in order to better apply non-pharmacological countermeasures (e.g., sleep strategies, exercise training, continuous positive airway pressure therapy) as well as pharmacological solutions, so as to limit the deleterious consequences of sleep loss/disorders.
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49
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Saha P, Gupta R, Sen T, Sen N. Histone Deacetylase 4 Downregulation Elicits Post-Traumatic Psychiatric Disorders through Impairment of Neurogenesis. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3284-3296. [PMID: 31169064 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring deficit in neurogenesis largely contributes to the development of severe post-traumatic psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the mechanism remains obscure. Here we have shown that an imbalance in the generation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic neurons due to aberrant induction of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGlut1)-positive glutamatergic cells is responsible for impaired neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus following TBI. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that TBI activates a transcription factor, Pax3, by increasing its acetylation status, and subsequently induces Ngn2 transcription. This event, in turn, augments the vGlut1-expressing glutamatergic neurons and accumulation of excess glutamate in the hippocampus that can affect neuronal differentiation. In our study the acetylation of Pax3 was increased due to loss of its interaction with a deacetylase, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which was downregulated after TBI. TBI-induced activation of GSK3β was responsible for the degradation of HDAC4. We also showed that overexpression of HDAC4 before TBI reduces Pax3 acetylation by restoring an interaction between HDAC4 and Pax3 in the hippocampus. This event prevents the aberrant induction of vGlut1-positive glutamatergic neurons by decreasing the Ngn2 level and subsequently reinforces the balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons following TBI. Further, we found that overexpression of HDAC4 in the hippocampus improves anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and memory functions following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajaneesh Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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50
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Egorova E, Starinets A, Tyrtyshnaia A, Ponomarenko A, Manzhulo I. Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Conditions of Chronic Stress Induced by Sciatic Nerve Injury in the Rat. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:58-68. [PMID: 31284284 DOI: 10.1159/000501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is the primary location of adult neurogenesis, which is affected by a variety of external and internal factors, including activity of surrounding glial cells. This study concerns alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis and changes in activity of both proinflammatory and neuroprotective microglia/macrophages after sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Here, we demonstrated that the chronic pain induced by a peripheral nerve injury manifests in the hippocampus by a decrease in proliferation (PCNA+) and neurogenesis (DCX+), an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (CD86+), and a reduction in neuroprotective (CD163+) microglia/macrophages. We suggest that a pathological increase microglia/macrophage activity is the cause of neurogenesis suppression observed in chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Egorova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Starinets
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Tyrtyshnaia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Arina Ponomarenko
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, .,Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation,
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