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Abdeltawab MS, Abdel-Shafi IR, Aboulhoda BE, Mahfoz AM, Hamed AM. The neuroprotective potential of curcumin on T. Spiralis infected mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38388410 PMCID: PMC10882799 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis can affect the brain by inducing inflammatory and vascular changes. Drug management with the antiparasitic drug albendazole can be enhanced by natural compounds such as curcumin. The potential benefit of curcumin as an adjuvant to albendazole in the management of cerebral affection during experimental T. spiralis infection was evaluated. Animals received either curcumin 150 mg/Kg, albendazole 50 mg/Kg or a combination of both drugs. Animal groups receiving treatment were compared with infected and non-infected control groups. Blood levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and dopamine were measured, and brain tissue expression of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) and CD34 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS T. spiralis infection resulted in a state of oxidative stress, which was improved by albendazole and curcumin. Also, both drugs restored the peripheral dopamine level, which was decreased in infected non-treated mice. Curcumin was also found to be efficient in improving brain pathology and reducing local COX-2 and CD 34 expression. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory and pathological changes during neurotrichinosis can be improved by the addition of curcumin to conventional anti-parasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Sa Abdeltawab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman R Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mahfoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alshaimaa Mr Hamed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Mobbs CL, Darling NJ, Przyborski S. An in vitro model to study immune activation, epithelial disruption and stromal remodelling in inflammatory bowel disease and fistulising Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357690. [PMID: 38410518 PMCID: PMC10894943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient, limiting translation between research and new therapeutics. This is especially true for fistulising Crohn's disease (CD), as the severe lack of relevant models hinders research progression. To address this, we present in vitro human IBD mucosal models that recapitulate multiple pathological hallmarks of IBD simultaneously in one model system - immune cell infiltration, stromal remodelling and epithelial disruption. Stimulation of models induces epithelial aberrations common in IBD tissue including altered morphology, microvilli abnormalities, claudin gene expression changes and increased permeability. Inflammatory biomarkers are also significantly increased including cytokines and chemokines integral to IBD pathogenesis. Evidence of extracellular matrix remodelling, including upregulated matrix-metalloproteinases and altered basement membrane components, suggests the models simulate pathological stromal remodelling events that closely resemble fistulising CD. Importantly, MMP-9 is the most abundant MMP and mimics the unique localisation observed in IBD tissue. The inflamed models were subsequently used to elucidate the involvement of TNF-α and IFN- γ in intestinal stromal remodelling, in which TNF-α but not IFN- γ induced MMP upregulation, specifically of MMP-3 and MMP-9. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of the IBD models for use in preclinical research in IBD, particularly for fistulising CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J. Darling
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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3
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Li MM, Huang Y, Sumathipala M, Liang MQ, Valdeolivas A, Ananthakrishnan AN, Liao K, Marbach D, Zitnik M. Contextualizing protein representations using deep learning on protein networks and single-cell data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.18.549602. [PMID: 37503080 PMCID: PMC10370131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein function and developing molecular therapies require deciphering the cell types in which proteins act as well as the interactions between proteins. However, modeling protein interactions across diverse biological contexts, such as tissues and cell types, remains a significant challenge for existing algorithms. We introduce Pinnacle, a flexible geometric deep learning approach that is trained on contextualized protein interaction networks to generate context-aware protein representations. Leveraging a human multi-organ single-cell transcriptomic atlas, Pinnacle provides 394,760 protein representations split across 156 cell type contexts from 24 tissues and organs. Pinnacle's contextualized representations of proteins reflect cellular and tissue organization and Pinnacle's tissue representations enable zero-shot retrieval of the tissue hierarchy. Pretrained Pinnacle's protein representations can be adapted for downstream tasks: to enhance 3D structure-based protein representations for important protein interactions in immuno-oncology (PD-1/PD-L1 and B7-1/CTLA-4) and to study the effects of drugs across cell type contexts. Pinnacle outperforms state-of-the-art, yet context-free, models in nominating therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, and can pinpoint cell type contexts that predict therapeutic targets better than context-free models (29 out of 156 cell types in rheumatoid arthritis; 13 out of 152 cell types in inflammatory bowel diseases). Pinnacle is a graph-based contextual AI model that dynamically adjusts its outputs based on biological contexts in which it operates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Liao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Marbach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Pathak A, Pal AK, Roy S, Nandave M, Jain K. Role of Angiogenesis and Its Biomarkers in Development of Targeted Tumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:9077926. [PMID: 38213742 PMCID: PMC10783989 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9077926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the human body, from wound healing to tumor progression. "Angiogenic switch" indicates a time-restricted event where the imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors results in the transition from prevascular hyperplasia to outgrowing vascularized tumor, which eventually leads to the malignant cancer progression. In the last decade, molecular players, i.e., angiogenic biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, have been intensely investigated. Disrupting the initiation and halting the progression of angiogenesis by targeting these biomarkers and molecular pathways has been considered as a potential treatment approach for tumor angiogenesis. This review discusses the currently known biomarkers and available antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, i.e., monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, small molecular inhibitors, miRNAs, siRNAs, angiostatin, endostatin, and melatonin analogues, either approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or currently under clinical and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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Kurup S, Tan C, Kume T. Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329770. [PMID: 38178871 PMCID: PMC10764504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue's structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kurup
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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6
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Bhardwaj A, Singh A, Midha V, Sood A, Wander GS, Mohan B, Batta A. Cardiovascular implications of inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review. World J Cardiol 2023; 15:553-570. [PMID: 38058397 PMCID: PMC10696203 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review delves into the epidemiological connections between IBD and ASCVD, elucidating potential underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of current IBD treatments on cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the cardiovascular adverse effects of novel small molecule drugs used in moderate-to-severe IBD are investigated, drawing parallels with observations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence supporting these associations. To achieve this, we conducted a meticulous search of PubMed, spanning from inception to August 2023, using a carefully selected set of keywords. The search encompassed topics related to IBD, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as ASCVD, including coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, conduction abnormalities, heart blocks, and premature coronary artery disease. This review encompasses various types of literature, including retrospective and prospective cohort studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and relevant guidelines, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of this critical intersection of inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Bhardwaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh Wander
- Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Bishav Mohan
- Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Akash Batta
- Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India.
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7
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Amodeo G, Franchi S, Galimberti G, Riboldi B, Sacerdote P. The Prokineticin System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Clinical and Preclinical Overview. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2985. [PMID: 38001985 PMCID: PMC10669895 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and characterized by a chronic relapsing-remitting course. Typical gastrointestinal signs and symptoms include diarrhea, GI bleeding, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Moreover, the presence of pain often manifests in the remitting disease phase. As a result, patients report a further reduction in life quality. Despite the scientific advances implemented in the last two decades and the therapies aimed at inducing or maintaining IBDs in a remissive condition, to date, their pathophysiology still remains unknown. In this scenario, the importance of identifying a common and effective therapeutic target for both digestive symptoms and pain remains a priority. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have reported the prokineticin system (PKS) as an emerging therapeutic target for IBDs. PKS alterations are likely to play a role in IBDs at multiple levels, such as in intestinal motility, local inflammation, ulceration processes, localized abdominal and visceral pain, as well as central nervous system sensitization, leading to the development of chronic and widespread pain. This narrative review summarized the evidence about the involvement of the PKS in IBD and discussed its potential as a druggable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Amodeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (G.G.); (B.R.); (P.S.)
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8
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Qi J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Long H, Dong L, Wan P, Zuo Z, Chen W, Song Z. High-Salt-Diet (HSD) aggravates the progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) via regulating epithelial necroptosis. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:28. [PMID: 37691056 PMCID: PMC10493205 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its unclear etiology, there is no specific medicine to cure the recurrent and incurable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unhealthy dietary habits unconsciously contributed to the progression of IBD, for example a High-Salt-Diet (HSD) is the most neglected and frequently adopted habit. However, the molecular mechanism of how HSD aggravates the progression of IBD has yet to remain uncovered. Herein, we focus on the hypothesis that necroptosis pathway may be involved in the process of IBD exacerbated by HSD. To this end, different gene expression (DEGs) profiles of human epithelia under hypertonic culture conditions were applied to screen candidate pathways. What's more, gene expression manipulation, immune microenvironment detection, RIPK3/MLKL gene knockout (KO), and wild-type (WT) mice were carried out to research the promotion of IBD progression under treatments of high salt intake. Based on our present results, gene expression profiles in human normal colon epithelia cell NCM460 were significantly changed under salt- or sucrose-induced hypertonic culture conditions. RIPK3 was significantly up-regulated under both conditions. Furthermore, mice colon epithelia cell CT26 growth was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner by extra NaCl incubation. Autophagy, and Necroptosis pathways were activated and enhanced by LPS pretreatment. HSD significantly exacerbated DSS-induced IBD symptoms in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, RIPK3-/- and MLKL-/- mice presented severe IBD symptoms in vivo. Overall, the results demonstrated that HSD aggravated the IBD progression via necroptosis activation, providing novel strategies and promising targets for the clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Huan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zan Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, P.R. China.
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, Westbourne St, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Zhengji Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China.
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Cabezudo D, Tsafaras G, Van Acker E, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Mutant LRRK2 exacerbates immune response and neurodegeneration in a chronic model of experimental colitis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:245-261. [PMID: 37289222 PMCID: PMC10328902 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut and the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is currently a subject of intense research. Indeed, gastrointestinal dysfunction is known as an early symptom in PD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has recently been recognised as a risk factor for PD. The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a PD- and IBD-related protein with highest expression in immune cells. In this study, we provide evidence for a central role of LRRK2 in gut inflammation and PD. The presence of the gain-of-function G2019S mutation significantly increases the disease phenotype and inflammatory response in a mouse model of experimental colitis based on chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) administration. Bone marrow transplantation of wild-type cells into G2019S knock-in mice fully rescued this exacerbated response, proving the key role of mutant LRRK2 in immune cells in this experimental colitis model. Furthermore, partial pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity also reduced the colitis phenotype and inflammation. Moreover, chronic experimental colitis also induced neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain of G2019S knock-in mice. Finally, combination of experimental colitis with overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra aggravated motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in G2019S knock-in mice. Taken together, our results link LRRK2 with the immune response in colitis and provide evidence that gut inflammation can impact brain homeostasis and contribute to neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cabezudo
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Acker
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Li Y, Xu M, Zhu Z, Xu F, Chen B. Transendothelial electrical resistance measurement by a microfluidic device for functional study of endothelial barriers in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1236610. [PMID: 37520295 PMCID: PMC10375910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1236610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease with a rising incidence globally. Circulating exosomes play great roles in IBD pathogenesis through exosomal cargoes, especially impacting the function of endothelial barriers. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement is a widely used non-invasive and label-free strategy to monitor endothelial barrier function in vitro. This study established a well-designed microfluidic device to monitor the TEER changes of endothelial cellular barrier on-chip after treated with exosome derived from IBD serum. Methods: The chip comprised two layers of microfluidic chambers with top layer for the perfusion of medium to maintain the nutrition and pressure during cell culture, and bottom layer for the extracellular matrix mimic using hydrogel, which are separated by a semipermeable membrane that permitted the formation of endothelial cell barrier. Four electrodes independent from the outlets were integrated to the chip for TEER detection. In vivo mouse models mouse models and proteome profiling were performed to finding relevant regulators. Results: With this platform, significant decrease of TEER was detected, indicating that IBD serum exosome impact the endothelial cellular barrier on-chip. In vivo mouse models, IBD serum exosome treated group showed great higher DAI scores, shorter colons, more severe histological features, and higher levers of S100A8 expression, promoting the disease progress. Proteome profiling showed that TFRC and ANXA5 have great potentials as novel regulators in IBD. Discussion: This in-house customized microfluidic chip emulates the endothelial barrier microenvironment and enables the TEER monitoring, and can be used to investigate endothelial barrier function in vitro. IBD serum exosome promote the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Britzen-Laurent N, Weidinger C, Stürzl M. Contribution of Blood Vessel Activation, Remodeling and Barrier Function to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065517. [PMID: 36982601 PMCID: PMC10051397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex etiology, which represent a clinical challenge due to their often therapy-refractory nature. In IBD, inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characterized by strong and sustained leukocyte infiltration, resulting in the loss of epithelial barrier function and subsequent tissue destruction. This is accompanied by the activation and the massive remodeling of mucosal micro-vessels. The role of the gut vasculature in the induction and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation is receiving increasing recognition. While the vascular barrier is considered to offer protection against bacterial translocation and sepsis after the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, endothelium activation and angiogenesis are thought to promote inflammation. The present review examines the respective pathological contributions of the different phenotypical changes observed in the microvascular endothelium during IBD, and provides an overview of potential vessel-specific targeted therapy options for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Fu SJ, Xu MT, Wang B, Li BW, Ling H, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu XT, Zhang XY, Li AL, Liu MM. Global trend and future landscape of intestinal microcirculation research from 2000 to 2021: A scientometric study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1523-1535. [PMID: 36998427 PMCID: PMC10044859 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i9.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microcirculation functions in food absorption and metabolic substance exchanges. Accumulating evidence indicates that intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction is a significant source of multiple gastrointestinal diseases. To date, there has not been a scientometric analysis of intestinal microcirculatory research.
AIM To investigate the current status, development trends, and frontiers of intestinal microcirculatory research based on bibliometric analysis.
METHODS VOSviewer and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 were used to identify the overall characteristics and knowledge map of intestinal microcirculatory research based on the core literature published from 2000 to 2021 in the Web of Science database. The characteristics of each article, country of origin, institution, journal, cocitations, and other information were analyzed and visualized.
RESULTS There were 1364 publications enrolled in the bibliometric analysis, exhibiting an upward trend from 2000 to 2021 with increased participation worldwide. The United States and Dalhousie University took the lead among countries and institutions, respectively. Shock was the most prolific journal, and Nature Reviews Microbiology Clinical had the most citations. The topical hotspots and frontiers in intestinal microcirculatory research were centered on the pathological processes of functional impairment of intestinal microvessels, diverse intestinal illnesses, and clinical treatment.
CONCLUSION Our study highlights insights into trends of the published research on the intestinal microcirculation and offers serviceable guidance to researchers by summarizing the prolific areas in intestinal disease research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jing Fu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meng-Ting Xu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, Ministry of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Pelegrin ÁF, de Paiva Gonçalves V, Carvalho JDS, Spolidorio DMP, Spolidorio LC. Testosterone replacement relieves ligature-induced periodontitis by mitigating inflammation, increasing pro-resolving markers and promoting angiogenesis in rats: A preclinical study. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105605. [PMID: 36521281 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory profile as well as the resolution of inflammation in a ligature-induced periodontal inflammation in rats with depletion and/or supraphysiological testosterone replacement. DESIGN Sixty male rats (Holtzman) were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: (1) Sham (no testicle removal); (2) Orchiectomy (OCX), 3) OCX + Testosterone (OCX + T); (4) Sham + Ligature (SH + L); (5) OCX+L; and 6) OCX + T + L. The surgeries were performed on day 1, and testosterone was administered weekly since day 1. On day 15, a cotton ligature was placed around the lower first molars and maintained for 15 days. Morphological changes in periodontal tissues were determined by histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry (factor VIII) and immunoenzymatic assay were performed to evaluate angiogenesis process and (pro- and anti-) inflammatory markers, respectively. RESULTS Ligature promoted a marked inflammatory gingival infiltrate and bone loss (P < 0.05). Supraphysiological testosterone treatment increased the percentage of blood vessels, extracellular matrix and fibroblasts in the presence and absence of periodontal inflammation (P < 0.05). A high dose of testosterone increased factor VIII+ blood vessels and IL-10 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, while PGE2, LXA4 and MPO were reduced as a result of supraphysiological testosterone administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results, in our experimental model, suggest that supraphysiological testosterone treatment stimulated gingival tissue repair during ligature-induced periodontitis, and it seems to be related to an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive mechanism resulting by the modulatory effect on PGE2 and IL-10 related to an enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Formoso Pelegrin
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius de Paiva Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, 500 Dom José Gaspar Avenue, - Coração Eucarístico, 30535-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jhonatan de Souza Carvalho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luís Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., - Center, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Di Tommaso N, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. The Gut-Vascular Barrier as a New Protagonist in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021470. [PMID: 36674986 PMCID: PMC9864173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, with its multiple layers, is the first line of defense between the outside world and the intestine. Its disruption, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, is a recognized pathogenic factor of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. The identification of a gut-vascular barrier (GVB), consisting of a structured endothelium below the epithelial layer, has led to new evidence on the etiology and management of diseases of the gut-liver axis and the gut-brain axis, with recent implications in oncology as well. The gut-brain axis is involved in several neuroinflammatory processes. In particular, the recent description of a choroid plexus vascular barrier regulating brain permeability under conditions of gut inflammation identifies the endothelium as a key regulator in maintaining tissue homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Tommaso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zhang Q, Wu G, Zhang X, Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Ding L, Wang Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor and risk of malignant brain tumor: A genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:991825. [PMID: 36910644 PMCID: PMC9995857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.991825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the risk of malignant brain tumors has always been a concern in the medical field. However, the causal inferences from published observational studies on this issue may be affected by confounders, coinheritability and reverse causality. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between VEGF and different types of malignant brain tumors. Methods Using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of VEGF (n=16,112) and different types of malignant brain tumors (n=174,097-174,646), we adopted a standard two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate potential causal associations of circulating VEGF levels and the risk of malignant brain tumors. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method to estimate causality. MR-Egger regression, weighted median (WM), penalty weighted median (PWM), MR robust adjusted profile score (MR.RAPS) and causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) methods were used in sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of the findings. Meanwhile, we applied the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and PhenoScanner tool to identify and remove potential horizontal pleiotropic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Additionally, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis was conducted to assess the coinheritability of exposure and outcome. Results A total of 6 (VEGF), 12 (malignant brain tumor), 13 (brain glioblastoma) and 12 (malignant neoplasm of meninges) SNPs were identified as valid instrumental variables. No evidence supported a causal relationship between circulating VEGF levels and the risk of malignant brain tumors (forwards: odds ratio (OR) = 1.277, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.812~2.009; reversed: β = 0.005, 95% CI, -0.029~0.038), brain glioblastoma (forwards: OR (95% CI) = 1.278(0.463~3.528); reversed: β = 0.010, 95% CI, -0.002~0.022) and malignant neoplasm of meninges (forwards: OR (95% CI) = 0.831(0.486~1.421); reversed: β = 0.010, 95% CI, -0.030~0.050) using the main IVW method. Outliers and pleiotropy bias were not detected by sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy-robust methods in any estimates. LDSC failed to identify genetic correlations between VEGF and different types of malignant brain tumors. Conclusions Our findings reported no coinheritability and failed to provide evidence for causal associations between VEGF and the risk of different types of malignant brain tumors. However, certain subtypes of VEGF for which genetic predictors have not been identified may play a role and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangheng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Ding
- Department of Spine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Horak P, Suhaj P, Matej R, Cervinkova M. Potential novel markers in IBD and CRC diagnostics. Are MMP-19 and RAGE promising candidates? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2022; 166:380-385. [PMID: 35352707 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are serious intestinal disorders with continuously increasing incidence. Many aspects of etiopathogenesis still remain unclear. There is an urgent need to improve early diagnostics and markers indicating the progression of the disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19), and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in different cell subpopulations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to the tissue in the vicinity of pathological processes. METHODS Expression of both markers in epithelium, macrophages and vessels were evaluated in IBD and CRC groups. They were detected using immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections. RESULTS There were significant differences between the expression of MMP-19 on macrophages and vessels among healthy and cancer tissues. In both, macrophages and vessels were significantly lower levels in cancer tissues. The expression of MMP-19 on vessels was also significantly different between peritumoral and cancer tissues (higher levels in peritumoral tissue). RAGE expression in macrophages was significantly different between healthy and cancer tissues and between peritumoral and cancer tissues. There was significantly lower expression in cancer tissues than in healthy and peritumoral tissues. Expression of RAGE in vessels was significantly different just in the comparison of healthy and peritumoral tissues (higher levels in healthy tissues). CONCLUSION Both markers seem to be promising potential auxiliary markers in IBD and CRC diagnostics. They can also improve evaluation of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horak
- Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Suhaj
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3.,Department of Pathology, 3
| | - Monika Cervinkova
- Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Risk Factors, Mechanisms and Prevention. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081113. [PMID: 35892915 PMCID: PMC9331847 DOI: 10.3390/life12081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to new research, a possible association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been demonstrated, but this concern is still debatable. The purpose of this review is to investigate the link between IHD and IBD, as well as identify further research pathways that could help develop clinical recommendations for the management of IHD risk in IBD patients. There is growing evidence suggesting that disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier in IBD is associated with the translocation of microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other endotoxins into the bloodstream, which might induce a pro-inflammatory cytokines response that can lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and acute cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is considered that the long-term inflammation process in IBD patients, similar to other chronic inflammatory diseases, may lead to IHD risk. The main cardiovascular risk factors, including high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and obesity, should be checked in all patients with IBD, and followed by strategies to reduce and manage early aggression. IBD activity is an important risk factor for acute cardiovascular events, and optimizing therapy for IBD patients should be followed as recommended in current guidelines, especially during active flares. Large long-term prospective studies, new biomarkers and scores are warranted to an optimal management of IHD risk in IBD patients.
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18
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Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab in Cancer Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122914. [PMID: 35740579 PMCID: PMC9220809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of digestive and nondigestive cancers. The treatment, as in patients without inflammatory bowel disease, is a combination of chemotherapy and targeted treatments, such as bevacizumab and more recently, immunotherapy. It is generally believed that the use of bevacizumab and chemotherapy could increase toxicity and lead to adverse events in this population. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with quiescent or moderately active inflammatory bowel disease in various forms of cancer and by increasing the quality of patient care in this subgroup. Abstract Background: The safety of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and digestive and nondigestive cancers is poorly documented. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patient records of all adult cancer patients with IBD at our institution from April 2007 to May 2016 with an update in November 2019. Results: Twenty-seven patients with a history of IBD (Crohn’s disease, n = 22; ulcerative colitis, n = 5) who were treated with bevacizumab and chemotherapy for metastatic solid tumors were identified. At the time of advanced cancer diagnosis, 18 patients had quiescent IBD, whereas 9 patients had moderately active IBD. Among those with moderately active IBD, five had received corticosteroids less than six months prior to cancer diagnosis and one had received infliximab. The treated cancers were colorectal cancer (n = 13), small bowel cancer (n = 4), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 3), breast cancer (n = 3), and other cancers (n = 4). Patients received bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy and/or as maintenance for a median of 6.7 months. Grade 2 or higher bevacizumab-related complications were proteinuria in two patients and hypertension, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and intestinal perforation in one patient each. No clinical IBD flares were observed during bevacizumab treatment. Conclusion: Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy is safe in cancer patients with moderately active or quiescent IBD.
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19
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Investigation of the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress, local inflammatory response, COX-2 expression, and microvessel density in Trichinella spiralis induced enteritis, myositis and myocarditis in mice. Helminthologia 2022; 59:18-36. [PMID: 35601760 PMCID: PMC9075878 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have proven to be of value in the management of several parasitic infections. Objective Investigation of the value of curcumin in the management of trichinosis either alone or as an adjuvant to albendazole. Methods Animals received either curcumin 150 mg/kg, curcumin 300 mg/kg, albendazole 50 mg/ kg or combined curcumin 150mg/kg and albendazole 50 mg/kg and were compared with control infected and non-infected mice. Estimation of intestinal and muscular parasitic load and blood malondialdehyde level, in addition to the histopathological examination of small intestine, skeletal muscle tissue and heart was performed. Also, assessment of the local expression of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) and CD34 in these samples was done by immunohistochemistry. Results Curcumin was found efficient in reducing parasitic load. It also lowered serum MDA level, local COX-2 and CD34 expression. An evident anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin was observed in intestinal, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle histopathological sections. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic effects of curcumin can help to improve trichinellosis-induced pathology. Curcumin can therefore be of value as an adjuvant therapy to conventional antiparasitic agents and can also produce promising results when used alone at higher doses.
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20
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Heo JS, Kim S. Human adipose mesenchymal stem cells modulate inflammation and angiogenesis through exosomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2776. [PMID: 35177768 PMCID: PMC8854709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived exosomes are efficient and safe therapeutic tools for transferring endogenous biological cargo or functional biomolecules for regenerative medicine. The regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in wound healing and tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic roles of human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, focusing on the underlying mechanisms. Exosomes inhibited LPS-induced inflammation by activating ROCK1 and PTEN expression. Moreover, microRNAs (miR-132 and miR-146a) released from exosomes upregulated the expression of pro-angiogenic genes and promoted proliferation activity and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exosomal effects were verified using ROCK1/PTEN inhibitors for anti-inflammation and miR-132/miR-146a inhibitors for pro-angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that exosomes exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the ROCK1/PTEN pathway and exhibit pro-angiogenic effects via delivery of miR-132 and miR-146a. Taken together, these results suggest that exosomes may be promising therapeutic candidates for curing diseases involved in inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Seok Heo
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Therapeutic Targeting of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030429. [PMID: 35159238 PMCID: PMC8834168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most threatening complications of Crohn’s disease. It occurs in more than a third of patients with this condition, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and surgery often represents the only available therapeutic option. The mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis are partly known. Studies conducted so far have shown a relevant pathogenetic role played by mesenchymal cells (especially myofibroblasts), cytokines (e.g., transforming growth factor-β), growth factors, microRNAs, intestinal microbiome, matrix stiffness, and mesenteric adipocytes. Further studies are still necessary to elucidate all the mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis, so that targeted therapies can be developed. Although several pre-clinical studies have been conducted so far, no anti-fibrotic therapy is yet available to prevent or reverse intestinal fibrosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main therapeutic targets currently identified and the most promising anti-fibrotic therapies, which may be available in the near future.
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22
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Boucher G, Paradis A, Chabot-Roy G, Coderre L, Hillhouse EE, Bitton A, Des Rosiers C, Levings MK, Schumm LP, Lazarev M, Brant SR, Duerr R, McGovern D, Silverberg MS, Cho J, Lesage S, Rioux JD. Serum Analyte Profiles Associated With Crohn's Disease and Disease Location. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:9-20. [PMID: 34106269 PMCID: PMC8730700 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) can affect any segment of the digestive tract but is most often localized in the ileal, ileocolonic, and colorectal regions of the intestines. It is believed that the chronic inflammation in CD is a result of an imbalance between the epithelial barrier, the immune system, and the intestinal microbiota. The aim of the study was to identify circulating markers associated with CD and/or disease location in CD patients. METHODS We tested 49 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in serum samples from 300 patients with CD and 300 controls. After quality control, analyte levels were tested for association with CD and disease location. RESULTS We identified 13 analytes that were higher in CD patients relative to healthy controls and that remained significant after conservative Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0015). In particular, CXCL9, CXCL1, and interleukin IL-6 had the greatest effect and were highly significant (P < 5 × 10-7). We also identified 9 analytes that were associated with disease location, with VEGF, IL-12p70, and IL-6 being elevated in patients with colorectal disease (P < 3 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS Multiple serum analytes are elevated in CD. These implicate the involvement of multiple cell types from the immune, epithelial, and endothelial systems, suggesting that circulating analytes reflect the inflammatory processes that are ongoing within the gut. Moreover, the identification of distinct profiles according to disease location supports the existence of a biological difference between ileal and colonic CD, consistent with previous genetic and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Paradis
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lise Coderre
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Lazarev
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve R Brant
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick and Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard Duerr
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Toronto, Ontario, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John D Rioux
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Jasso GJ, Jaiswal A, Varma M, Laszewski T, Grauel A, Omar A, Silva N, Dranoff G, Porter JA, Mansfield K, Cremasco V, Regev A, Xavier RJ, Graham DB. Colon stroma mediates an inflammation-driven fibroblastic response controlling matrix remodeling and healing. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001532. [PMID: 35085231 PMCID: PMC8824371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with the development of tissue fibrosis, but how mesenchymal cell responses dictate pathological fibrosis versus resolution and healing remains unclear. Defining stromal heterogeneity and identifying molecular circuits driving extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling stands to illuminate the relationship between inflammation, fibrosis, and healing. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of colon-derived stromal cells and identified distinct classes of fibroblasts with gene signatures that are differentially regulated by chronic inflammation, including IL-11-producing inflammatory fibroblasts. We further identify a transcriptional program associated with trans-differentiation of mucosa-associated fibroblasts and define a functional gene signature associated with matrix deposition and remodeling in the inflamed colon. Our analysis supports a critical role for the metalloprotease Adamdec1 at the interface between tissue remodeling and healing during colitis, demonstrating its requirement for colon epithelial integrity. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how inflammation perturbs stromal cell behaviors to drive fibroblastic responses controlling mucosal matrix remodeling and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe J. Jasso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mukund Varma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tyler Laszewski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angelo Grauel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abdifatah Omar
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nilsa Silva
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Porter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RJX); (DBG)
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RJX); (DBG)
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24
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Mauro A, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Bernabò N, Martelli A, Nardinocchi D, Di Giacinto O, Turriani M, Barboni B. Effects of P 4 Antagonist RU486 on VEGF and Its Receptors' Signaling during the In Vivo Transition from the Preovulatory to Periovulatory Phase of Ovarian Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13520. [PMID: 34948315 PMCID: PMC8706603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an adequate blood vessel network is crucial for the accomplishment of ovarian follicle growth and ovulation, which is necessary to support the proliferative and endocrine functions of the follicular cells. Although the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) through gonadotropins guides ovarian angiogenesis, the role exerted by the switch on of Progesterone (P4) during the periovulatory phase remains to be clarified. The present research aimed to investigate in vivo VEGF-mediated mechanisms by inducing the development of periovulatory follicles using a pharmacologically validated synchronization treatment carried out in presence or absence of P4 receptor antagonist RU486. Spatio-temporal expression profiles of VEGF, FLT1, and FLK1 receptors and the two major MAPK/ERKs and PI3K/AKT downstream pathways were analyzed on granulosa and on theca compartment. For the first time, the results demonstrated that in vivo administration of P4 antagonist RU486 inhibits follicular VEGF receptors' signaling mainly acting on the theca layer by downregulating the activation of ERKs and AKTs. Under the effect of RU486, periovulatory follicles' microarchitecture did not move towards the periovulatory stage. The present evidence provides new insights on P4 in vivo biological effects in driving vascular and tissue remodeling during the periovulatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Mauro
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, A. Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Delia Nardinocchi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Oriana Di Giacinto
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Maura Turriani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.); (N.B.); (A.M.); (D.N.); (O.D.G.); (M.T.); (B.B.)
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25
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Marié IJ, Brambilla L, Azzouz D, Chen Z, Baracho GV, Arnett A, Li HS, Liu W, Cimmino L, Chattopadhyay P, Silverman G, Watowich SS, Khor B, Levy DE. Tonic interferon restricts pathogenic IL-17-driven inflammatory disease via balancing the microbiome. eLife 2021; 10:68371. [PMID: 34378531 PMCID: PMC8376249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis involves a synergistic relationship between the host and the microbiome. Canonical interferon (IFN) signaling controls responses to acute microbial infection, through engagement of the STAT1 transcription factor. However, the contribution of tonic levels of IFN to immune homeostasis in the absence of acute infection remains largely unexplored. We report that STAT1 KO mice spontaneously developed an inflammatory disease marked by myeloid hyperplasia and splenic accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, these animals developed inflammatory bowel disease. Profiling gut bacteria revealed a profound dysbiosis in the absence of tonic IFN signaling, which triggered expansion of TH17 cells and loss of splenic Treg cells. Reduction of bacterial load by antibiotic treatment averted the TH17 bias and blocking IL17 signaling prevented myeloid expansion and splenic stem cell accumulation. Thus, tonic IFNs regulate gut microbial ecology, which is crucial for maintaining physiologic immune homeostasis and preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doua Azzouz
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Ze Chen
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Azlann Arnett
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
| | - Haiyan S Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Weiguo Liu
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Khor
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
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Stürzl M, Kunz M, Krug SM, Naschberger E. Angiocrine Regulation of Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:643607. [PMID: 34409045 PMCID: PMC8365087 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.643607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease describes chronic inflammatory disorders. The incidence of the disease is rising. A major step in disease development is the breakdown of the epithelial cell barrier. Numerous blood vessels are directly located underneath this barrier. Diseased tissues are heavily vascularized and blood vessels significantly contribute to disease progression. The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) is an additional barrier controlling the entry of substances into the portal circulation and to the liver after passing the first epithelial barrier. The presence of the GVB rises the question, whether the vascular and endothelial barriers may communicate bi-directionally in the regulation of selective barrier permeability. Communication from epithelial to endothelial cells is well-accepted. In contrast, little is known on the respective backwards communication. Only recently, perfusion-independent angiocrine functions of endothelial cells were recognized in a way that endothelial cells release specific soluble factors that may directly act on the epithelial barrier. This review discusses the putative involvement of angiocrine inter-barrier communication in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Martin P, Gurevich DB. Macrophage regulation of angiogenesis in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:101-110. [PMID: 34330619 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic innate immune cells, but are, in fact, highly dynamic multi-taskers that interact with many different tissue types and have regulatory roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and disease. In all of these scenarios angiogenesis is pivotal and macrophages appear to play a key role in guiding both blood vessel sprouting and remodelling wherever that occurs. Recent studies have explored these processes in a diverse range of models utilising the complementary strengths of rodent, fish and tissue culture studies to unravel the mechanisms underlying these interactions and regulatory functions. Here we discuss how macrophages regulate angiogenesis and its resolution as embryonic tissues grow, as well as their parallel and different functions in repairing wounds and in pathologies, with a focus on chronic wounds and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David Baruch Gurevich
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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28
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Niklinska-Schirtz BJ, Venkateswaran S, Anbazhagan M, Kolachala VL, Prince J, Dodd A, Chinnadurai R, Gibson G, Denson LA, Cutler DJ, Jegga AG, Matthews JD, Kugathasan S. Ileal Derived Organoids From Crohn's Disease Patients Show Unique Transcriptomic and Secretomic Signatures. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1267-1280. [PMID: 34271224 PMCID: PMC8455365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We used patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to study the epithelial-specific transcriptional and secretome signatures of the ileum during Crohn's disease (CD) with varying phenotypes to screen for disease profiles and potential druggable targets. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on isolated intestinal crypts and 3-week-old PDOs derived from ileal biopsies of CD patients (n = 8 B1, inflammatory; n = 8 B2, stricturing disease) and non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls (n = 13). Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified by comparing CD vs control, B1 vs B2, and inflamed vs non-inflamed. DE genes were used for computational screening to find candidate small molecules that could potentially reverse B1and B2 gene signatures. The secretome of a second cohort (n = 6 non-IBD controls, n = 7 CD, 5 non-inflamed, 2 inflamed) was tested by Luminex using cultured organoid conditioned medium. RESULTS We found 90% similarity in both the identity and abundance of protein coding genes between PDOs and intestinal crypts (15,554 transcripts of 19,900 genes). DE analysis identified 814 genes among disease group (CD vs non-IBD control), 470 genes different between the CD phenotypes, and 5 false discovery rate correction significant genes between inflamed and non-inflamed CD. The PDOs showed both similarity and diversity in the levels and types of soluble cytokines and growth factors they released. Perturbagen analysis revealed potential candidate compounds to reverse B2 disease phenotype to B1 in PDOs. CONCLUSIONS PDOs are similar at the transcriptome level with the in vivo epithelium and retain disease-specific gene expression for which we have identified secretome products, druggable targets, and corresponding pharmacologic agents. Targeting the epithelium could reverse a stricturing phenotype and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Joanna Niklinska-Schirtz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Murugadas Anbazhagan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vasantha L. Kolachala
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jarod Prince
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Dodd
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Gregory Gibson
- Department of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason D. Matthews
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Subra Kugathasan, MD, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine & Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Drive, W-427, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. fax: (404) 727-4069.
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The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072198. [PMID: 34206809 PMCID: PMC8308283 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.
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Pompili S, Latella G, Gaudio E, Sferra R, Vetuschi A. The Charming World of the Extracellular Matrix: A Dynamic and Protective Network of the Intestinal Wall. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:610189. [PMID: 33937276 PMCID: PMC8085262 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.610189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex network of proteins that not only forms a support structure for resident cells but also interacts closely with them by modulating their phenotypes and functions. More than 300 molecules have been identified, each of them with unique biochemical properties and exclusive biological functions. ECM components not only provide a scaffold for the tissue but also afford tensile strength and limit overstretch of the organ. The ECM holds water, ensures suitable hydration of the tissue, and participates in a selective barrier to the external environment. ECM-to-cells interaction is crucial for morphogenesis and cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The ECM is a dynamic and multifunctional structure. The ECM is constantly renewed and remodeled by coordinated action among ECM-producing cells, degrading enzymes, and their specific inhibitors. During this process, several growth factors are released in the ECM, and they, in turn, modulate the deposition of new ECM. In this review, we describe the main components and functions of intestinal ECM and we discuss their role in maintaining the structure and function of the intestinal barrier. Achieving complete knowledge of the ECM world is an important goal to understand the mechanisms leading to the onset and the progression of several intestinal diseases related to alterations in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Tolomeo AM, Castagliuolo I, Piccoli M, Grassi M, Magarotto F, De Lazzari G, Malvicini R, Caicci F, Franzin C, Scarpa M, Macchi V, De Caro R, Angriman I, Viola A, Porzionato A, Pozzobon M, Muraca M. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exert Opposite Effects to Their Cells of Origin in Murine Sodium Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627605. [PMID: 33927713 PMCID: PMC8076641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described a beneficial effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and of their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mice with experimental colitis. However, the effects of the two treatments have not been thoroughly compared in this model. Here, we compared the effects of MSCs and of MSC-EV administration in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Since cytokine conditioning was reported to enhance the immune modulatory activity of MSCs, the cells were kept either under standard culture conditions (naïve, nMSCs) or primed with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα (induced, iMSCs). In our experimental conditions, nMSCs and iMSCs administration resulted in both clinical and histological worsening and was associated with pro-inflammatory polarization of intestinal macrophages. However, mice treated with iEVs showed clinico-pathological improvement, decreased intestinal fibrosis and angiogenesis and a striking increase in intestinal expression of Mucin 5ac, suggesting improved epithelial function. Moreover, treatment with iEVs resulted in the polarization of intestinal macrophages towards and anti-inflammatory phenotype and in an increased Treg/Teff ratio at the level of the intestinal lymph node. Collectively, these data confirm that MSCs can behave either as anti- or as pro-inflammatory agents depending on the host environment. In contrast, EVs showed a beneficial effect, suggesting a more predictable behavior, a safer therapeutic profile and a higher therapeutic efficacy with respect to their cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Tools, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Martina Piccoli
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Grassi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Magarotto
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Giada De Lazzari
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Tools, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- Laboratory of Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Tools, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
- Instituto de medicina traslacional, trasplante y bioingenieria (IMeTTyB-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Chiara Franzin
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Imerio Angriman
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Tools, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
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Brunner SM, Reichmann F, Leitner J, Wölfl S, Bereswill S, Farzi A, Schneider AM, Klieser E, Neureiter D, Emberger M, Heimesaat MM, Weghuber D, Lang R, Holzer P, Kofler B. Galanin receptor 3 attenuates inflammation and influences the gut microbiota in an experimental murine colitis model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:564. [PMID: 33436730 PMCID: PMC7803768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory (neuro)peptide galanin and its three receptors (GAL1-3R) are involved in immunity and inflammation. Galanin alleviated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. However, studies on the galanin receptors involved are lacking. We aimed to determine galanin receptor expression in IBD patients and to evaluate if GAL2R and GAL3R contribute to murine colitis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that granulocytes in colon specimens of IBD patients (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) expressed GAL2R and GAL3R but not GAL1R. After colitis induction with 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, mice lacking GAL3R (GAL3R-KO) lost more body weight, exhibited more severe colonic inflammation and aggravated histologic damage, with increased infiltration of neutrophils compared to wild-type animals. Loss of GAL3R resulted in higher local and systemic inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels. Remarkably, colitis-associated changes to the intestinal microbiota, as assessed by quantitative culture-independent techniques, were most pronounced in GAL3R-KO mice, characterized by elevated numbers of enterobacteria and bifidobacteria. In contrast, GAL2R deletion did not influence the course of colitis. In conclusion, granulocyte GAL2R and GAL3R expression is related to IBD activity in humans, and DSS-induced colitis in mice is strongly affected by GAL3R loss. Consequently, GAL3R poses a novel therapeutic target for IBD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/microbiology
- Crohn Disease/therapy
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Rats
- Receptor, Galanin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Galanin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Galanin, Type 3/physiology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Leitner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Soraya Wölfl
- Laboratory for Pathology Weger, Emberger, Strubergasse 20, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Emberger
- Laboratory for Pathology Weger, Emberger, Strubergasse 20, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Lagatuz M, Vyas RJ, Predovic M, Lim S, Jacobs N, Martinho M, Valizadegan H, Kao D, Oza N, Theriot CA, Zanello SB, Taibbi G, Vizzeri G, Dupont M, Grant MB, Lindner DJ, Reinecker HC, Pinhas A, Chui TY, Rosen RB, Moldovan N, Vickerman MB, Radhakrishnan K, Parsons-Wingerter P. Vascular Patterning as Integrative Readout of Complex Molecular and Physiological Signaling by VESsel GENeration Analysis. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:207-230. [PMID: 33839725 PMCID: PMC9903340 DOI: 10.1159/000514211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular signaling cascades that regulate angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling are fundamental to normal development, healthy physiology, and pathologies such as inflammation and cancer. Yet quantifying such complex, fractally branching vascular patterns remains difficult. We review application of NASA's globally available, freely downloadable VESsel GENeration (VESGEN) Analysis software to numerous examples of 2D vascular trees, networks, and tree-network composites. Upon input of a binary vascular image, automated output includes informative vascular maps and quantification of parameters such as tortuosity, fractal dimension, vessel diameter, area, length, number, and branch point. Previous research has demonstrated that cytokines and therapeutics such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (fibroblast growth factor-2), transforming growth factor-beta-1, and steroid triamcinolone acetonide specify unique "fingerprint" or "biomarker" vascular patterns that integrate dominant signaling with physiological response. In vivo experimental examples described here include vascular response to keratinocyte growth factor, a novel vessel tortuosity factor; angiogenic inhibition in humanized tumor xenografts by the anti-angiogenesis drug leronlimab; intestinal vascular inflammation with probiotic protection by Saccharomyces boulardii, and a workflow programming of vascular architecture for 3D bioprinting of regenerative tissues from 2D images. Microvascular remodeling in the human retina is described for astronaut risks in microgravity, vessel tortuosity in diabetic retinopathy, and venous occlusive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lagatuz
- Redline Performance Solutions, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Ruchi J. Vyas
- Mori Associates, Space Biology Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Marina Predovic
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biology Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Shiyin Lim
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biology Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Nicole Jacobs
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biology Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Miguel Martinho
- Universities Space Research Association, Intelligent Systems Division, Exploration Technology Directorate, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Hamed Valizadegan
- Universities Space Research Association, Intelligent Systems Division, Exploration Technology Directorate, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - David Kao
- Advanced Supercomputing & Intelligent Systems Divisions, Exploration Technology Directorate, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Nikunj Oza
- Advanced Supercomputing & Intelligent Systems Divisions, Exploration Technology Directorate, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field CA, USA
| | - Corey A. Theriot
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA,KBRWyle, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susana B. Zanello
- KBRWyle, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Taibbi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gianmarco Vizzeri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Dupont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Pinhas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toco Y. Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicanor Moldovan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Veteran’s Administration, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Mary B. Vickerman
- Data Systems Branch, John Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA (retired)
| | - Krishnan Radhakrishnan
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA,College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patricia Parsons-Wingerter
- Space Biology Division, Space Technology Mission Directorate, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA, USA,Low Gravity Exploration Technology, Research and Engineering Directorate, John Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA
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34
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Salavati M, Pérez-Accino J, Tan YL, Liuti T, Smith S, Morrison L, Salavati Schmitz S. Correlation of minimally invasive imaging techniques to assess intestinal mucosal perfusion with established markers of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:162-171. [PMID: 33314285 PMCID: PMC7848335 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Minimally invasive diagnostic imaging techniques to detect intestinal inflammation in dogs are lacking. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic narrow band imaging‐like endoscopy (Storz Professional Image Enhancement System [SPIES]) might allow quantification of intestinal mucosal perfusion and microvessel density in chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) of dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Markers of mucosal perfusion as determined by CEUS and SPIES endoscopy are potentially useful diagnostic markers to help characterize CIE and correlate with histological inflammation type and severity. Animals Thirty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with CIE at a referral hospital were prospectively enrolled. Materials and Methods Data from CEUS, SPIES, and white light (WL) endoscopy were correlated with World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) endoscopy and histology scores and vessel density as determined by immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Automated linear modeling was used to determine predictors of endoscopic and histologic severity. Results Duodenal histology correlated with SPIES data (area percentage value, rho = 0.424, P = .04). White light endoscopy parameters correlated with SPIES parameters in the duodenum. Colonic histology correlated positively with CEUS, whereas colonic CEUS parameters correlated inversely with vWF expression. Several duodenal parameters combined predicted duodenal histology scores to a level of 73.4%. For the colon, 2 parameters contributed more than others to 73.1%. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Minimally invasive CEUS and SPIES appear feasible to assess intestinal perfusion in CIE. Use of SPIES endoscopy may be promising for assessing small intestinal inflammation, whereas CEUS could be used to assess colonic perfusion and inflammation. Both techniques need to be investigated further for their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak Salavati
- Genetics and Genomics Department, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Pérez-Accino
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Lin Tan
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Sionagh Smith
- Easter Bush Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morrison
- Easter Bush Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
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35
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Wang L, Wang S, Xue A, Shi J, Zheng C, Huang Y. Thalidomide Inhibits Angiogenesis via Downregulation of VEGF and Angiopoietin-2 in Crohn's Disease. Inflammation 2020; 44:795-807. [PMID: 33206273 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and targeted treatment could alleviate the disease. Thalidomide is an effective drug in inflammatory bowel disease, which might be related to its multiple role in anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and anti-angiogenesis. This study is to investigate the effect of thalidomide on angiogenesis in tissues from patients and in vitro cells. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), VEGF, and CD31 expressions in intestinal mucosa from pediatric CD patients before and after thalidomide treatment were measured by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were performed to characterize the change of angiogenic factors before and after treatment in remission. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated by thalidomide were used to examine its effect on endothelial cell proliferation and migration and capillary-like structures. Results showed that VEGF and Ang-2 levels were significantly greater in CD patients over controls. Thalidomide produced a significant reduction in protein expression of Ang-2 and VEGF, along with a decrease in mRNA expression of Ang-2. While, Ang-1 level did not show a statistically significant change. Thalidomide significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It also suppressed VEGF- and Ang-2-induced cell migration and capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs. Therefore, our study suggests that VEGF and Ang-2 levels are up-regulated in pediatric CD patients. It also indicated that thalidomide can be able to deactivate endothelium by the downregulation effect on angiogenic factors by targeting VEGF and Ang-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University/National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Wang X, Bove AM, Simone G, Ma B. Molecular Bases of VEGFR-2-Mediated Physiological Function and Pathological Role. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599281. [PMID: 33304904 PMCID: PMC7701214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play crucial roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is an important mechanism in many physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival, then leads to further tubulogenesis, and finally promotes formation of vessels. This series of signaling cascade pathways are precisely mediated by VEGF/VEGFR-2 system. The VEGF binding to the IgD2 and IgD3 of VEGFR-2 induces the dimerization of the receptor, subsequently the activation and trans-autophosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase, and then the initiation of the intracellular signaling cascades. Finally the VEGF-activated VEGFR-2 stimulates and mediates variety of signaling transduction, biological responses, and pathological processes in angiogenesis. Several crucial phosphorylated sites Tyr801, Try951, Try1175, and Try1214 in the VEGFR-2 intracellular domains mediate several key signaling processes including PLCγ-PKC, TSAd-Src-PI3K-Akt, SHB-FAK-paxillin, SHB-PI3K-Akt, and NCK-p38-MAPKAPK2/3 pathways. Based on the molecular structure and signaling pathways of VEGFR-2, the strategy of the VEGFR-2-targeted therapy should be considered to employ in the treatment of the VEGF/VEGFR-2-associated diseases by blocking the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, inhibiting VEGF and VEGFR-2 gene expression, blocking the binding of VEGF and VEGFR-2, and preventing the proliferation, migration, and survival of vascular endothelial cells expressing VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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37
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Khurana N, Pulsipher A, Jedrzkiewicz J, Ashby S, Pollard CE, Ghandehari H, Alt JA. Inflammation-driven vascular dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:976-983. [PMID: 33135871 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered neovascularity is typically observed in chronic inflammatory diseases with overlapping pathophysiology to that observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, characterization of these inflammatory-induced vascular-mediated changes in CRS is limited. Understanding the underlying vascular changes in CRS will allow for strategic design and development of new drug-delivery technologies that exploit vascular permeability for increased extravasation into the target sinonasal tissues. METHODS Patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and non-CRS controls were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. The extent of angiogenesis in tissue was characterized using immunohistochemical and multiplex gene expression analyses. Vascular permeability, interendothelial junction structures, and endothelial barrier morphology were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Sinonasal vascularity was increased significantly in CRSsNP and CRSwNP (p < 0.05) when compared with controls, as assessed by enumerating the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1)-positive blood vessels. Pro-angiogenic gene expression, including PECAM1 and platelet-activating factor receptor, was elevated significantly in patients with CRSwNP when compared with controls (p < 0.05). The fenestration sizes between endothelial cells (17-280 nm) were larger in CRSwNP compared with CRSsNP (10-33 nm) patients and controls (4-12 nm). Global thinning of the endothelial cell lining was observed in CRS patients but not in controls. CONCLUSION Significant increases in vascularity, the pro-angiogenic gene, and protein expression and blood vessel morphogenesis were observed in CRS patients compared with controls. In addition, fenestration sizes between interendothelial junction structures were larger in CRS patients than in controls, suggesting inflammation-driven vascular dysregulation in CRS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Shaelene Ashby
- Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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38
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Kim YS, Zhang H, Lee S, Park S, Noh M, Kim YM, Kwon YG. CU06-1004 Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Modulating Colonic Vessel Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571266. [PMID: 33041812 PMCID: PMC7523507 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Endothelial dysfunction, defined by a reduced endothelial barrier and an increase in the expression of adhesion molecules, is part of the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effect of CU06-1004, an endothelial dysfunction blocker that reduces vascular hyperpermeability and inflammation in a mouse model of colitis. Acute colitis was induced in mice using 3% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate added to their drinking water for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the addition of dextran sodium sulfate, either mesalazine or CU06-1004 was administered orally each day. Administration of CU06-1004 significantly reduced the clinical manifestations (weight loss, diarrhea, and bloody stool) and histological changes (epithelium loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and crypt destruction) induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Proinflammatory cytokines were also reduced, indicating that inflammation was ameliorated. From a vascular perspective, CU06-1004 reduced interrupted and tortuous vessels, enhanced junction protein expression, and reduced inflammatory adhesion molecules, indicating a broad improvement of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial protection induced epithelial barrier restoration and decreased epithelial inflammation. Blocking endothelial dysfunction with CU06-1004 significantly ameliorated the progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, CU06-1004 may represent a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease as well as other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Sunghye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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39
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Buttó LF, Pelletier A, More SK, Zhao N, Osme A, Hager CL, Ghannoum MA, Sekaly RP, Cominelli F, Dave M. Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Defects Result in Impaired 3D Organoid Formation in Mouse Models of Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:389-407. [PMID: 32679063 PMCID: PMC7419719 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD); however, no corrective FDA-approved therapies exist. We used an enteroid (EnO)-based system in two murine models of experimental CD, SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) and TNFΔARE/+ (TNF). While severely inflamed SAMP mice do not generate EnOs, “inflammation-free” SAMP mice form EnO structures with impaired morphology and reduced intestinal stem cell (ISC) and Paneth cell viability. We validated these findings in TNF mice concluding that inflammation in intestinal tissues impedes EnO generation and suppressing inflammation by steroid administration partially rescues impaired formation in SAMP mice. We generated the first high-resolution transcriptional profile of the SAMP ISC niche demonstrating that alterations in multiple key pathways contribute to niche defect and targeting them may partially rescue the phenotype. Furthermore, we correlated the defects in formation and the rescue of EnO formation to reduced viability of ISCs and Paneth cells. Enteroid (EnO) formation is impaired in inflammation-free SAMP mice SAMP EnOs maintain impaired functions ex vivo recapitulating epithelial CD defect Inflammation impedes EnO formation, which is partially restored by steroid treatment Reduced number of viable intestinal stem and Paneth cells correlate with EnO defect
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica F Buttó
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adam Pelletier
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shyam K More
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1615, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher L Hager
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5066, USA; Department of Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1615, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Nasef NA, Mehta S. Role of Inflammation in Pathophysiology of Colonic Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4748. [PMID: 32635383 PMCID: PMC7370289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the colon are a big health burden in both men and women worldwide ranging from acute infection to cancer. Environmental and genetic factors influence disease onset and outcome in multiple colonic pathologies. The importance of inflammation in the onset, progression and outcome of multiple colonic pathologies is gaining more traction as the evidence from recent research is considered. In this review, we provide an update on the literature to understand how genetics, diet, and the gut microbiota influence the crosstalk between immune and non‑immune cells resulting in inflammation observed in multiple colonic pathologies. Specifically, we focus on four colonic diseases two of which have a more established association with inflammation (inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer) while the other two have a less understood relationship with inflammation (diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ahmed Nasef
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Langer V, Vivi E, Regensburger D, Winkler TH, Waldner MJ, Rath T, Schmid B, Skottke L, Lee S, Jeon NL, Wohlfahrt T, Kramer V, Tripal P, Schumann M, Kersting S, Handtrack C, Geppert CI, Suchowski K, Adams RH, Becker C, Ramming A, Naschberger E, Britzen-Laurent N, Stürzl M. IFN-γ drives inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis through VE-cadherin-directed vascular barrier disruption. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4691-4707. [PMID: 31566580 DOI: 10.1172/jci124884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with rising incidence. Diseased tissues are heavily vascularized. Surprisingly, the pathogenic impact of the vasculature in IBD and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. IFN-γ is a major cytokine in IBD pathogenesis, but in the context of the disease, it is almost exclusively its immune-modulatory and epithelial cell-directed functions that have been considered. Recent studies by our group demonstrated that IFN-γ also exerts potent effects on blood vessels. Based on these considerations, we analyzed the vessel-directed pathogenic functions of IFN-γ and found that it drives IBD pathogenesis through vascular barrier disruption. Specifically, we show that inhibition of the IFN-γ response in vessels by endothelial-specific knockout of IFN-γ receptor 2 ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in mice. IFN-γ acts pathogenic by causing a breakdown of the vascular barrier through disruption of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. Notably, intestinal vascular barrier dysfunction was also confirmed in human IBD patients, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. Treatment with imatinib restored VE-cadherin/adherens junctions, inhibited vascular permeability, and significantly reduced colonic inflammation in experimental colitis. Our findings inaugurate the pathogenic impact of IFN-γ-mediated intestinal vessel activation in IBD and open new avenues for vascular-directed treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Langer
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Eugenia Vivi
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Daniela Regensburger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, and
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, and
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Skottke
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Somin Lee
- Program for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Program for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Wohlfahrt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Kramer
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, and
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Medical Clinic I, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karina Suchowski
- Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Erlangen, and
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen
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Li J, Li Z, Wang C, Li Z, Xu H, Hu Y, Tan Z, Zhang F, Liu C, Yang M, Wang Y, Jin Y, Peng Z, Biswas S, Zhu L. The Regulatory Effect of VEGF-Ax on Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Angioblastic Differentiation and Its Proangiogenic Ability. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:667-677. [PMID: 32079499 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunteng Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Tan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanglei Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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The role of circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A possible mechanism of pathogenesis via a novel link between oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2020; 130:103987. [PMID: 32035919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most devastating diabetic consequences leading to amputations. Oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular insufficiency and neuropathy have been linked to DFU development. Since soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) is one of the anti-angiogenic factors regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biological activity. So, we aimed to evaluate its role in pathogenesis of DFU and its correlation with oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. METHODS 60 type 2 diabetic patients: 30 without DFU and 30 with DFU in addition to 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. sFlt-1 and VEGF mRNA relative gene expressions and levels and sFlt-1/VEGF ratio were assessed. Also, Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdhyde (MDA), Total thiol and, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. RESULTS sFlt-1 expression and level, AOPPs, MDA and TNF-α were significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared with the control group with highest levels in DFU patients. However, there were significant decrease in total thiol level and VEGF expression and level in diabetic patients with DFU. CONCLUSION This study revealed that sFlt-1 is a major player in DFU pathogenesis and may be considered as a novel diagnostic biomarker for early detection of DFU.
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Epithelial RABGEF1 deficiency promotes intestinal inflammation by dysregulating intrinsic MYD88-dependent innate signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:96-109. [PMID: 31628426 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) contribute to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation through their interactions with the environment and host immune responses. Yet our understanding of IEC-intrinsic regulatory pathways remains incomplete. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RABGEF1 as a regulator of intestinal homeostasis and innate pathways dependent on IECs. Mice with IEC-specific Rabgef1 deletion (called Rabgef1IEC-KO mice) developed a delayed spontaneous colitis associated with the local upregulation of IEC chemokine expression. In mouse models of colitis based on Interleukin-10 deficiency or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure, we found that IEC-intrinsic RABGEF1 deficiency exacerbated development of intestinal pathology and dysregulated IEC innate pathways and chemokine expression. Mechanistically, we showed that RABGEF1 deficiency in mouse IECs in vitro was associated with an impairment of early endocytic events, an increased activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway, and increased chemokine secretion. Moreover, we provided evidence that the development of spontaneous colitis was dependent on microbiota-derived signals and intrinsic MYD88-dependent pathways in vivo. Our study identifies mouse RABGEF1 as an important regulator of intestinal inflammation, MYD88-dependent IEC-intrinsic signaling, and chemokine production. This suggests that RABGEF1-dependent pathways represent interesting therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions in the gut.
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Kuznietsova H, Dziubenko N, Byelinska I, Hurmach V, Bychko A, Lynchak O, Milokhov D, Khilya O, Rybalchenko V. Pyrrole derivatives as potential anti-cancer therapeutics: synthesis, mechanisms of action, safety. J Drug Target 2019; 28:547-563. [PMID: 31814456 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1703189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrole derivatives (PDs) chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI-1) and 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-one (D1) were synthesised as inhibitors of several protein kinases including EGFR and VEGFR. The aim of the study was to reveal the exact mechanisms of PDs' action EGFR and VEGFR are involved in. We observed, that both PDs could bind with EGFR and VEGFR and form stable complexes. PDs entered into electrostatic interactions with polar groups of phospholipid heads in cell membrane, and the power of interaction depended on the nature of PD radical substituents (greater for MI-1 and smaller for D1). Partial intercalation of MI-1 into the membrane hydrophobic zone also occurred. PDs concentrations induced apoptosis in malignant cells but normal ones had different sensitivity to those. MI-1 and D1 acted like antioxidants in inflamed colonic tissue, as evidenced by reduce of lipid and protein peroxidation products (by 43-67%) and increase of superoxide dismutase activity (by 40 and 58%) with restoring these values to control ones. MI-1 restored reduced haemoglobin and normalised elevated platelets and monocytes in settings of colorectal cancer, whereas D1 normalised only platelets. Thus, MI-1 and D1 could be used as competitive inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR and antioxidants, which might contribute to realisation of their anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasyl Hurmach
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Bychko
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Lynchak
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Demyd Milokhov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Khilya
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Aguilar-Cazares D, Chavez-Dominguez R, Carlos-Reyes A, Lopez-Camarillo C, Hernadez de la Cruz ON, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Contribution of Angiogenesis to Inflammation and Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1399. [PMID: 31921656 PMCID: PMC6920210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, advanced tumors are surrounded by both stromal and immune cells, which support tumor development. In addition, inflammation and angiogenesis are processes that play important roles in the development of cancer, from the initiation of carcinogenesis, tumor in situ and advanced stages of cancer. During acute inflammation, vascular hyperpermeability allows inflammatory mediators and immune response cells, including leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages, to infiltrate the site of damage. As a factor that regulates vascular permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also plays a vital role as a multifunctional molecule and growth factor. Furthermore, stromal and immune cells secrete soluble factors that activate endothelial cells and favor their transmigration to eliminate the aggressive agent. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of both the relationship between chronic inflammation and angiogenesis during carcinogenesis and the participation of endothelial cells in the inflammatory process. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the endothelium returning to its basal permeability state after acute inflammation are discussed. Moreover, the manner in which immune cells participate in pathological angiogenesis release pro-angiogenic factors that contribute to early tumor vascularization, even before the angiogenic switch occurs, is also examined. Also, we discuss the role of hypoxia as a mechanism that drives the acquisition of tumor hallmarks that make certain cancers more aggressive. Finally, some combinations of therapies that inhibit the angiogenesis process and that may be a successful strategy for cancer patients are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Lopez-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Patan-Zugaj B, Egerbacher M, Licka TF. Endotoxin-induced changes in expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the lamellar tissue of extracorporeally haemoperfused equine limbs. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:597-605. [PMID: 31774594 PMCID: PMC7540022 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and sepsis‐related equine laminitis have several features in common. Both events can be induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide— LPS) and both are associated with increased expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), of which two isoforms (COX‐1 and COX‐2) exist. To examine the causal relationship between LPS exposure and COX expression and to investigate the tissue distribution of COX in the LPS‐exposed tissue, the technique of extracorporeal haemoperfusion of isolated equine forelimbs was utilized. Perfusion was performed for 10 hr under physiological conditions (control‐perfused limbs, n = 5) and with addition of 80 ng/L of endotoxin (LPS‐perfused limbs; n = 5). After perfusion, samples of lamellar tissue were collected from the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall. Additional control samples were collected from three non‐perfused limbs. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies against COX‐1 and COX‐2, and intensity of immunohistochemical staining was scored for each isoform. In the lamellar tissue of control‐ and LPS‐perfused limbs, there was no significant difference in COX‐1 staining intensity and distribution, whereas COX‐2 expression was significantly increased in LPS‐perfused limbs (especially in endothelial cells, fibroblasts and intravasal leucocytes as well as in epidermal basal cells at the base of the primary epidermal lamellae). These results suggest that COX‐2 and its metabolites are involved in the initiation of pathological changes seen in sepsis‐associated events such as sepsis‐related laminitis. In such cases, COX‐2 could therefore be an important therapeutic target; however, early therapy may be required as increase in COX‐2 expression occurs within 10 hr after LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Patan-Zugaj
- Institute of Topographic Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia F Licka
- Equine University Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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Hsu T, Nguyen-Tran HH, Trojanowska M. Active roles of dysfunctional vascular endothelium in fibrosis and cancer. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:86. [PMID: 31656195 PMCID: PMC6816223 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the underlying pathological condition that results in fibrotic diseases. More recently, many forms of cancer have also been linked to chronic tissue inflammation. While stromal immune cells and myofibroblasts have been recognized as major contributors of cytokines and growth factors that foster the formation of fibrotic tissue, the endothelium has traditionally been regarded as a passive player in the pathogenic process, or even as a barrier since it provides a physical divide between the circulating immune cells and the inflamed tissues. Recent findings, however, have indicated that endothelial cells in fact play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Endothelial cells can be activated by cytokine signaling and express inflammatory markers, which can sustain or exacerbate the inflammatory process. For example, the activated endothelium can recruit and activate leukocytes, thus perpetuating tissue inflammation, while sustained stimulation of endothelial cells may lead to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that contributes to fibrosis. Since chronic inflammation has now been recognized as a significant contributing factor to tumorigenesis, it has also emerged that activation of endothelium also occurs in the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes recent findings characterizing the molecular and cellular changes in the vascular endothelium that contribute to tissue fibrosis, and potentially to cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center for Chronic Disease Research, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hieu-Huy Nguyen-Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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[Comparative study of differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from orofacial system into vascular endothelial cells]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2019; 51. [PMID: 31624396 PMCID: PMC7433536 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the proliferation and capacity of differentiation to vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis induction among stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) from orofacial bone. METHODS SHED and DPSC were isolated from pulp tissue of the patients. BMSC were isolated from orthognathic or alveolar surgical sites. The surface markers of the cells were detected by flowcytometry. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were conducted to detect the proliferation ability of the cells. The cells were induced into endothelial cells with conditional medium and then the induced cells were cultured in Matrigel medium. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) were quantified by real-time PCR. The cells were cultured in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the vessels were counted after 5 days. RESULTS The cell surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD146 of all the stem cells were positive, CD34 and CD45 were negative. The CD146 positive rate of SHED and DPSC was higher than that of BMSC. SHED had a higher proliferation rate than DPSC and BMSC. After angiogenic induction for 14 d, 3 kinds of cells emanated pseudopodia formed grid structure long vasculature in Matrigel media. The total length of tube formation of induced BMSC (7 759.7 μm) and SHED (7 734.3 μm) was higher than DPSC (5 541.0 μm). The meshes number of induced SHED (70.7) was higher than DPSC (60) and BMSC (53.7) in Matrigel medium. The expression of CD31, VEGFR2 and vWF genes of SHED were higher than those of BMSC and DPSC. VEGFR1 gene expression of BMSC was higher than that of the other groups, and SHED was higher than DPSC. The expression of VEGF showed no difference among the cells. No deference was showed between the effect of the stem cells and negative control on new formed vessels in CAM. The total length of vessels of SHED (30.4 mm) was higher than that of the negative control (20.9 mm) and BMSC (28.0 mm). CONCLUSION SHED, DPSC and BMSC can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. SHED showed a stronger angiogenesis differentiation and proliferation potential compared with DPSC and BMSC.
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Imbalanced mucosal microcirculation in the remission stage of ulcerative colitis using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:114. [PMID: 31262270 PMCID: PMC6604483 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcirculatory disturbance is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but there have been few studies in this field. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) has been used over the last 10 years and has made it possible to explore the changes in microcirculation of the colonic mucosa. Methods We retrospectively selected patients who underwent probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (pCLE) between 2014 and 2016. There were 7 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission and 7 healthy subjects included in this study; all the UC patients’ medical data were reviewed. For each patient, three segments of the colon were examined using pCLE including the ascending, transverse/descending and sigmoid colon. In each segment, the representative pCLE images of the three sites were selected for analysis. Four indicators, including Mean Vessel Diameter (MVD), Diameter Standard Deviation (DSD), Functional Capillary Density-long (FCDL) and Functional Capillary Density-area (FCDA), were measured with a specially designed detection software algorithm. The four indicators were compared between UC patients and healthy subjects. According to the different blood flow patterns, three types of distribution were established: the Around (A), Cobweb (C) and Deficiency (D) type. The relationships between the recurrence and blood flow patterns of UC patients were analyzed. Results MVD, DSD, FCDL and FCDA were 10.62 ± 0.56 μm, 2.23 ± 0.26, 0.030 ± 0.019 μm and 0.289 ± 0.030 for the healthy subjects and 11.06 ± 1.10 μm, 2.68 ± 0.29, 0.026 ± 0.005 μm and 0.272 ± 0.034 for the UC patients, respectively. Compared with healthy subjects, DSD was significantly increased and FCDA was significantly decreased (P < 0.01 for both). There was no difference in MVD and FCDL between UC patients and healthy subjects. The type A and type C blood flows were observed in healthy subjects (66.67 and 33.33%, respectively) while type C appears more in UC patients (71.3%) and type D blood flow could only be found in UC patients (14.29%) P < 0.01. UC patients who showed Type D blood flow had a shorter recurrence interval. Conclusions Some local mucosal capillary density in UC patients was decreased, particularly in the inflammation-affected segment. The three mucosal blood flow patterns can be used as an indicator of mucosal healing.
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