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Nesci S, Algieri C, Tallarida MA, Stanzione R, Marchi S, Pietrangelo D, Trombetti F, D'Ambrosio L, Forte M, Cotugno M, Nunzi I, Bigi R, Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Pinton P, Romeo G, Rubattu S. Molecular mechanisms of naringenin modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition acting on F 1F O-ATPase and counteracting saline load-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151398. [PMID: 38368729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) was characterized for its ability to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction which is linked to cardiovascular diseases. The F1FO-ATPase can act as a molecular target of NRG. The interaction of NRG with this enzyme can avoid the energy transmission mechanism of ATP hydrolysis, especially in the presence of Ca2+ cation used as cofactor. Indeed, NRG was a selective inhibitor of the hydrophilic F1 domain displaying a binding site overlapped with quercetin in the inside surface of an annulus made by the three α and the three β subunits arranged alternatively in a hexamer. The kinetic constant of inhibition suggested that NRG preferred the enzyme activated by Ca2+ rather than the F1FO-ATPase activated by the natural cofactor Mg2+. From the inhibition type mechanism of NRG stemmed the possibility to speculate that NRG can prevent the activation of F1FO-ATPase by Ca2+. The event correlated to the protective role in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by NRG as well as to the reduction of ROS production probably linked to the NRG chemical structure with antioxidant action. Moreover, in primary cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) obtained from stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats NRG had a protective effect on salt-induced injury by restoring cell viability and endothelial cell tube formation while also rescuing complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Nunzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
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2
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Duan S, Li Y, Lu L, Bajpai A, Yang C, Mi J, Tian G, Xu F, Qi D, Xu Z, Chi XD. TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 are novel functional genes associated with glucose metabolism in BXD recombinant inbred population. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1775-1788. [PMID: 38385898 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The liver is an important metabolic organ that governs glucolipid metabolism, and its dysfunction may cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, etc. We aimed to systematic investigate the key factors related to hepatic glucose metabolism, which may be beneficial for understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for obesity and diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) phenotypes and liver transcriptomes of BXD mice under chow and high-fat diet conditions were collected from GeneNetwork. QTL mapping was conducted to pinpoint genomic regions associated with glucose homeostasis. Candidate genes were further nominated using a multi-criteria approach and validated to confirm their functional relevance in vitro. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that plasma glucose levels in OGTT were significantly affected by both diet and genetic background, with six genetic regulating loci were mapped on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. Moreover, TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 were identified as the candidate genes. Functionally, siRNA-mediated TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 knockdown significantly decreased the glucose uptake and inhibited the transcription of genes related to insulin and glucose metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes novel insights to the understanding of hepatic glucose metabolism, demonstrating the impact of TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 on mitochondrial function in the liver and their regulatory role in maintaining in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaofei Duan
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yushan Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bajpai
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Donglai Qi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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3
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Zhang X, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Liu D. Emerging Relevance of Ghrelin in Programmed Cell Death and Its Application in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17254. [PMID: 38139082 PMCID: PMC10743592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, comprising 28 amino acids, was initially discovered as a hormone that promotes growth hormones. The original focus was on the effects of ghrelin on controlling hunger and satiation. As the research further develops, the research scope of ghrelin has expanded to a wide range of systems and diseases. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In recent years, substantial studies have demonstrated that ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and other effects, which could affect the signaling pathways of various kinds of programmed cell death (PCD) in treating diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the function of ghrelin in different kinds of PCD have not been thoroughly illuminated. This review describes the relationship between ghrelin and four kinds of PCD (apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) and then introduces the clinical applications based on the different features of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaning Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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4
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Chen J, Liu X, Bi R, Liu P, Gong W. NDUFC2 deficiency exacerbates endothelial mesenchymal transformation during ischemia-reperfusion via NLRP3. Neuroreport 2023; 34:670-676. [PMID: 37506315 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main type of cerebrovascular disease. Emergency thrombectomy combined with medication therapy is currently the primary treatment for stroke. Inflammation and oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion cause secondary damage to blood vessels, especially endothelial mesenchymal transformation (EndoMT). However, much is still unclear about the role of EndoMT in ischemia-reperfusion. In this study, an in vivo ischemia-reperfusion model was established by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3) knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice. An in vitro ischemia-reperfusion model was established by oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). α-SMA (alpha smooth muscle actin), CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1/CD31), NDUFC2 (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C2), and NLRP3 were used to evaluate EndoMT and inflammation. Real-time PCR measured superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression to evaluate oxidative stress levels. NLRP3 was activated by ischemia-reperfusion injury and NLRP3 inactivation inhibited the EndoMT in tMCAO mice. Further experiments demonstrated that OGD/R treatment induced NLRP3 activation and EndoMT in HBMECs, which resulted in NDUFC2 deficiency. NDUFC2 overexpression suppressed NLRP3 activation and EndoMT in HBMECs induced by OGD/R. Moreover, NDUFC2 overexpression rescued SOD1 and CAT mRNA expression. These results demonstrated that NDUFC2 deficiency decreased the antioxidant levels, leading to NLRP3 activation and EndoMT during ischemia-reperfusion injury and suggesting that NDUFC2 is a potential drug target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Interventional Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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5
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Mitochondrial Damage and Hypertension: Another Dark Side of Sodium Excess. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:495-507. [PMID: 37386238 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Essential or primary hypertension (HT) is a worldwide health problem with no definitive cure. Although the exact pathogenesis of HT is not known, genetic factors, increased renin-angiotensin and sympathetic system activity, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a role in its development. Environmental factors such as sodium intake are also important for BP regulation, and excess sodium intake in the form of salt (NaCl, sodium chloride) increases blood pressure in salt-sensitive people. Excess salt intake increases extracellular volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that increased salt intake also disturbs mitochondrial function both structurally and functionally which is important as mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with HT. In the current review, we have summarized the experimental and clinical data regarding the impact of salt intake on mitochondrial structure and function. RECENT FINDINGS Excess salt intake damage mitochondrial structure (e.g., shorter mitochondria with less cristae, increased mitochondrial fission, increased mitochondrial vacuolization). Functionally, high salt intake impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain, ATP production, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein function. Excess salt intake also increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and modifies Krebs cycle protein expressions. Studies have shown that high salt intake impairs mitochondrial structure and function. These maladaptive mitochondrial changes facilitate the development of HT especially in salt-sensitive individuals. High salt intake impairs many functional and structural components of mitochondria. These mitochondrial alterations along with increased salt intake promote the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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6
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Stanzione R, Forte M, Cotugno M, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Marchitti S, Mollace V, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Beneficial Effects of Citrus Bergamia Polyphenolic Fraction on Saline Load-Induced Injury in Primary Cerebral Endothelial Cells from the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061334. [PMID: 36986064 PMCID: PMC10056311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High salt load is a known noxious stimulus for vascular cells and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in both animal models and humans. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) accelerates stroke predisposition upon high-salt dietary feeding. We previously demonstrated that high salt load causes severe injury in primary cerebral endothelial cells isolated from SHRSP. This cellular model offers a unique opportunity to test the impact of substances toward the mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced vascular damage. We tested the effects of a bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) on high-salt-induced injury in SHRSP cerebral endothelial cells. Cells were exposed to 20 mM NaCl for 72 h either in the absence or the presence of BPF. As a result, we confirmed that high salt load increased cellular ROS level, reduced viability, impaired angiogenesis, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction with a significant increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The addition of BPF reduced oxidative stress, rescued cell viability and angiogenesis, and recovered mitochondrial function with a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF counteracts the key molecular mechanisms underlying high-salt-induced endothelial cell damage. This natural antioxidant substance may represent a valuable adjuvant to treat vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Kang EJ, Prager O, Lublinsky S, Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Reiffurth C, Major S, Müller DN, Friedman A, Dreier JP. Stroke-prone salt-sensitive spontaneously hypertensive rats show higher susceptibility to spreading depolarization (SD) and altered hemodynamic responses to SD. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:210-230. [PMID: 36329390 PMCID: PMC9903222 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221135085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) occurs in a plethora of clinical conditions including migraine aura, delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and malignant hemispheric stroke. It describes waves of near-breakdown of ion homeostasis, particularly Na+ homeostasis in brain gray matter. SD induces tone alterations in resistance vessels, causing either hyperperfusion in healthy tissue; or hypoperfusion (inverse hemodynamic response = spreading ischemia) in tissue at risk. Observations from mice with genetic dysfunction of the ATP1A2-encoded α2-isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase (α2NaKA) suggest a mechanistic link between (1) SD, (2) vascular dysfunction, and (3) salt-sensitive hypertension via α2NaKA. Thus, α2NaKA-dysfunctional mice are more susceptible to SD and show a shift toward more inverse hemodynamic responses. α2NaKA-dysfunctional patients suffer from familial hemiplegic migraine type 2, a Mendelian model disease of SD. α2NaKA-dysfunctional mice are also a genetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension. To determine whether SD thresholds and hemodynamic responses are also altered in other genetic models of salt-sensitive hypertension, we examined these variables in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Compared with Wistar Kyoto control rats, we found in SHRsp that electrical SD threshold was significantly reduced, propagation speed was increased, and inverse hemodynamic responses were prolonged. These results may have relevance to both migraine with aura and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeung Kang
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ofer Prager
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Svetlana Lublinsky
- Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ana I Oliveira-Ferreira
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Reiffurth
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Major
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a Joint Cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Medical Neuroscience and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity: Profile of Mitochondrial Function and Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010165. [PMID: 36671026 PMCID: PMC9854635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are health problems of increasing prevalence in developed countries. The link between obesity and hypertension is not yet fully determined. Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial function may play a role in obesity-associated hypertension. A cross-sectional study with 175 subjects with normal weight, overweight, or obese who attended a medical check-up was included. The subjects were divided according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal-weight (n-53), overweight (n-84), and obesity (n-38). Hypertension was also evaluated. To measure mitochondrial function, ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis in platelets and serum, respectively, were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipohydroperoxides, 8-isoprostanes, carbonyl groups in proteins, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHG), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by standard colorimetric or immunoassay methods. Obese subjects showed lower ATP hydrolysis activity than normal weight and overweight subjects (p < 0.01). No differences between those groups were found in ATP synthase and catalase activities, lipid hydroperoxides, carbonyl groups in proteins, 8-isoprostanes, and NO metabolites. In the obesity group, SOD activity (p < 0.01) was decreased while 8-OHG (p < 0.01) was increased. Subjects with hypertension showed increased 8-OHG (p < 0.01) and less reparative enzyme (hOGG1 p = 0.04) than subjects with normal weight. Moreover, we found a decrease of SOD (p < 0.01), catalase activities (p = 0.04), NO metabolites (p < 0.01), and increases of carbonyl groups in proteins (p = 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.01 in hypertensive subjects. Obese subjects show a decrease in ATP hydrolysis. The decrease in ATP hydrolysis rate and ATP synthesis and an increase in OS and inflammation markers were associated with the hypertensive state.
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9
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Algieri C, Bernardini C, Marchi S, Forte M, Tallarida MA, Bianchi F, La Mantia D, Algieri V, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Costanzo P, Trombetti F, Maiuolo L, Forni M, De Nino A, Di Nonno F, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Rubattu S, Nesci S. 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles counteract mitochondrial dysfunction acting on F 1F O-ATPase in models of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106561. [PMID: 36410676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The compromised viability and function of cardiovascular cells are rescued by small molecules of triazole derivatives (Tzs), identified as 3a and 3b, by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. The oxidative phosphorylation improves the respiratory control rate in the presence of Tzs independently of the substrates that energize the mitochondria. The F1FO-ATPase, the main candidate in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation, is the biological target of Tzs and hydrophilic F1 domain of the enzyme is depicted as the binding region of Tzs. The protective effect of Tz molecules on isolated mitochondria was corroborated by immortalized cardiomyocytes results. Indeed, mPTP opening was attenuated in response to ionomycin. Consequently, increased mitochondrial roundness and reduction of both length and interconnections between mitochondria. In in-vitro and ex-vivo models of cardiovascular pathologies (i.e., hypoxia-reoxygenation and hypertension) were used to evaluate the Tzs cardioprotective action. Key parameters of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) oxidative metabolism and cell viability were not affected by Tzs. However, in the presence of either 1 μM 3a or 0.5 μM 3b the impaired cell metabolism of pAECs injured by hypoxia-reoxygenation was restored to control respiratory profile. Moreover, endothelial cells isolated from SHRSP exposed to high-salt treatment rescued the Complex I activity and the endothelial capability to form vessel-like tubes and vascular function in presence of Tzs. As a result, the specific biochemical mechanism of Tzs to block Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase protected cell viability and preserved the pAECs bioenergetic metabolism upon hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Moreover, SHRSP improved vascular dysfunction in response to a high-salt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Algieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Loredana Maiuolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Antonio De Nino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064, Italy.
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10
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Bednarski TK, Duda MK, Dobrzyn P. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in the Heart in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Precedes Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiac Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193032. [PMID: 36230994 PMCID: PMC9563594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in cardiac lipid metabolism are associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a genetic model of primary hypertension and pathological left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, have high levels of diacylglycerols in cardiomyocytes early in development. However, the exact effect of lipids and pathways that are involved in their metabolism on the development of cardiac dysfunction in SHRs is unknown. Therefore, we used SHRs and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats at 6 and 18 weeks of age to analyze the impact of perturbations of processes that are involved in lipid synthesis and degradation in the development of LV hypertrophy in SHRs with age. Triglyceride levels were higher, whereas free fatty acid (FA) content was lower in the LV in SHRs compared with WKY rats. The expression of de novo FA synthesis proteins was lower in cardiomyocytes in SHRs compared with corresponding WKY controls. The higher expression of genes that are involved in TG synthesis in 6-week-old SHRs may explain the higher TG content in these rats. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protein content were lower in cardiomyocytes in 18-week-old SHRs, suggesting a lower rate of β-oxidation. The decreased protein content of α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activator, and increased content of G0/G1 switch protein 2, ATGL inhibitor, indicating a lower rate of lipolysis in the heart in SHRs. In conclusion, the present study showed that the development of LV hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction in SHRs is associated with triglyceride accumulation, attributable to a lower rate of lipolysis and β-oxidation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K. Bednarski
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K. Duda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Clinical Physiology, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Grabowski K, Herlan L, Witten A, Qadri F, Eisenreich A, Lindner D, Schädlich M, Schulz A, Subrova J, Mhatre KN, Primessnig U, Plehm R, van Linthout S, Escher F, Bader M, Stoll M, Westermann D, Heinzel FR, Kreutz R. Cpxm2 as a novel candidate for cardiac hypertrophy and failure in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:292-307. [PMID: 34916661 PMCID: PMC8766285 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension-mediated cardiac damage with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure remains challenging. To identify novel targets, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis between genetic models derived from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Here, we identified carboxypeptidase X 2 (Cpxm2) as a genetic locus affecting LV mass. Analysis of isolated rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts indicated Cpxm2 expression and intrinsic upregulation in genetic hypertension. Immunostaining indicated that CPXM2 associates with the t-tubule network of cardiomyocytes. The functional role of Cpxm2 was further investigated in Cpxm2-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice exposed to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). WT and KO animals developed severe and similar systolic hypertension in response to DOCA. WT mice developed severe LV damage, including increases in LV masses and diameters, impairment of LV systolic and diastolic function and reduced ejection fraction. These changes were significantly ameliorated or even normalized (i.e., ejection fraction) in KO-DOCA animals. LV transcriptome analysis showed a molecular cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling signature in WT but not KO mice with significant upregulation of 1234 transcripts, including Cpxm2, in response to DOCA. Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies from patients with cardiac hypertrophy indicated significant upregulation of CPXM2 expression. These data support further translational investigation of CPXM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Grabowski
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Herlan
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schädlich
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Subrova
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ketaki Nitin Mhatre
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Plehm
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT—Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.486773.9Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy, IKDT GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Westermann
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Zhang B, Li P, Li J, Liu X, Wu W. Effect of Oxidative Stress on Diaphragm Dysfunction and Exercise Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684453. [PMID: 34163375 PMCID: PMC8215263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can cause extrapulmonary injury such as diaphragm dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors causing diaphragm dysfunction in COPD. Exercise plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of diaphragm dysfunction in COPD, and the changes in diaphragm structure and function induced by exercise are closely related to the regulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, on the basis of the review of oxidative stress and the changes in diaphragm structure and function in COPD, this article analyzed the effects of exercise on oxidative stress and diaphragm dysfunction in COPD and explored the possible mechanism by which exercise improves oxidative stress. Studies have found that diaphragm dysfunction in COPD includes the decline of muscle strength, endurance, and activity. Oxidative stress mainly affects the structure and function of the diaphragm in COPD through protein oxidation, protease activation and calcium sensitivity reduction. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress level and diaphragm dysfunction may differ depending on the intensity, duration, and style of exercise. The mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in the diaphragm of COPD may include improving antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidase activity and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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13
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Li B, Dou Z, Zhang L, Zhu L, Cao Y, Yu Q. Ghrelin Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction in Sepsis Through the KLF4/MMP2 Regulatory Axis by Activating SIRT1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646775. [PMID: 33968038 PMCID: PMC8102724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important contributor to morbidity caused by sepsis. This study investigates the molecular mechanism by which Ghrelin affects intestinal dysfunction in rat model of sepsis. A rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), revealing that Ghrelin was downregulated when sepsis occurs. Increases in the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), IL-6, gastrin, γ-H2AX and 8-OHdG was also detected in this model system, as was an overall increase in oxidative stress. Introduction of exogenous Ghrelin inhibited these increases in inflammatory response and oxidative stress, leading to a reduction of overall sepsis-induced intestinal dysfunction. Ghrelin was then shown to activate SIRT1 expression in vitro, while SIRT1 was found to co-express with KLF4, which in turn was predicted to bind to matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) promoter. Finally, gain- and loss-of-function experiment demonstrated that SIRT1 upregulated the expression of KLF4 to downregulate MMP2. Collectively, Ghrelin inhibits the oxidative stress and intestinal dysfunction to attenuate sepsis by activating SIRT1 and regulating a KLF4/MMP2 regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Dou
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Cao
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University (The First School of Clinical Medicine), Lanzhou, China
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14
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Pepe G, Cotugno M, Marracino F, Giova S, Capocci L, Forte M, Stanzione R, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Di Pardo A, Sciarretta S, Rubattu S, Maglione V. Differential Expression of Sphingolipid Metabolizing Enzymes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Possible Substrate for Susceptibility to Brain and Kidney Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073796. [PMID: 33917593 PMCID: PMC8038804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the metabolism of sphingolipids, a class of biologically active molecules in cell membranes with direct effect on vascular homeostasis, are increasingly recognized as important determinant in different vascular disorders. However, it is not clear whether sphingolipids are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related cerebrovascular and renal damage. In this study, we evaluated the existence of possible abnormalities related to the sphingolipid metabolism in the brain and kidneys of two well validated spontaneously hypertensive rat strains, the stroke-prone (SHRSP) and the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) models, as compared to the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain. Our results showed a global alteration in the metabolism of sphingolipids in both cerebral and renal tissues of both hypertensive strains as compared to the normotensive rat. However, few defects, such as reduced expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism/catabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate and in the de novo biosynthetic pathways, were exclusively detected in the SHRSP. Although further studies are necessary to fully understand the significance of these findings, they suggest that defects in specific lipid molecules and/or their related metabolic pathways may likely contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive target organ damage and may eventually serve as future therapeutic targets to reduce the vascular consequences of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Cotugno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Federico Marracino
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Susy Giova
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Capocci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Rosita Stanzione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Franca Bianchi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona Marchitti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.P.); (S.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy;
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.P.); (S.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittorio Maglione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli 86077, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (S.G.); (L.C.); (M.F.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.P.); (S.R.); (V.M.)
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15
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Blois SM, Prince PD, Borowski S, Galleano M, Barrientos G. Placental Glycoredox Dysregulation Associated with Disease Progression in an Animal Model of Superimposed Preeclampsia. Cells 2021; 10:800. [PMID: 33916770 PMCID: PMC8066545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies carried by women with chronic hypertension are at increased risk of superimposed preeclampsia, but the placental pathways involved in disease progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we used the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model to investigate the placental mechanisms promoting superimposed preeclampsia, with focus on cellular stress and its influence on galectin-glycan circuits. Our analysis revealed that SHRSP placentas are characterized by a sustained activation of the cellular stress response, displaying significantly increased levels of markers of lipid peroxidation (i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and protein nitration and defective antioxidant enzyme expression as early as gestation day 14 (which marks disease onset). Further, lectin profiling showed that such redox imbalance was associated with marked alterations of the placental glycocode, including a prominent decrease of core 1 O-glycan expression in trophoblasts and increased decidual levels of sialylation in SHRSP placentas. We also observed significant changes in the expression of galectins 1, 3 and 9 with pregnancy progression, highlighting the important role of the galectin signature as dynamic interpreters of placental microenvironmental challenges. Collectively, our findings uncover a new role for the glycoredox balance in the pathogenesis of superimposed preeclampsia representing a promising target for interventions in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Paula D. Prince
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (P.D.P.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Sophia Borowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (P.D.P.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina
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16
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Rh-CSF1 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via the CSF1R/PLCG2/PKA/UCP2 Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Neonatal HIE. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6801587. [PMID: 33101590 PMCID: PMC7568161 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and neuronal apoptosis are major pathological processes after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), binding to CSF1 receptor (CSF1R), has been shown to reduce neuronal loss after hypoxic-ischemia- (HI-) induced brain injury. In the present study, we hypothesized that CSF1 could alleviate OS-induced neuronal degeneration and apoptosis through the CSF1R/PLCG2/PKA/UCP2 signaling pathway in a rat model of HI. A total of 127 ten-day old Sprague Dawley rat pups were used. HI was induced by right common carotid artery ligation with subsequent exposure to hypoxia for 2.5 h. Exogenous recombinant human CSF1 (rh-CSF1) was administered intranasally at 1 h and 24 h after HI. The CSF1R inhibitor, BLZ945, or phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) inhibitor, U73122, was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before HI induction. Brain infarct volume measurement, cliff avoidance test, righting reflex test, double immunofluorescence staining, western blot assessment, 8-OHdG and MitoSOX staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining, and TUNEL staining were used. Our results indicated that the expressions of endogenous CSF1, CSF1R, p-CSF1R, p-PLCG2, p-PKA, and uncoupling protein2 (UCP2) were increased after HI. CSF1 and CSF1R were expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Rh-CSF1 treatment significantly attenuated neurological deficits, infarct volume, OS, neuronal apoptosis, and degeneration at 48 h after HI. Moreover, activation of CSF1R by rh-CSF1 significantly increased the brain tissue expressions of p-PLCG2, p-PKA, UCP2, and Bcl2/Bax ratio, but reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3. The neuroprotective effects of rh-CSF1 were abolished by BLZ945 or U73122. These results suggested that rh-CSF1 treatment attenuated OS-induced neuronal degeneration and apoptosis after HI, at least in part, through the CSF1R/PLCG2/PKA/UCP2 signaling pathway. Rh-CSF1 may serve as therapeutic strategy against brain damage in patients with HIE.
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17
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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18
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Forte M, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Rubattu S. Vascular ageing in hypertension: Focus on mitochondria. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111267. [PMID: 32473170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common age-related disease, along with vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Vascular ageing increases during hypertension, but hypertension itself accelerates vascular ageing, thus creating a vicious circle. Vascular stiffening, endothelial dysfunction, impaired contractility and vasorelaxation are the main alterations related to vascular ageing, as a consequence of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells senescence. Several molecular mechanisms have been involved into the functional and morphological changes of the aged vessels. Among them, oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction are the best characterized. In the present review, we discuss relevant literature about the biology of vascular and cerebrovascular ageing with a particular focus on mitochondria signalling. We underline the therapeutic strategies, able to improve mitochondrial health, which may represent a promising tool to decrease vascular dysfunction associated with ageing and hypertension-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cotugno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | - Franca Bianchi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Gusev EY, Zotova NV. Cellular Stress and General Pathological Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:251-297. [PMID: 31198111 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the general pathology, most of the human diseases are associated with a limited number of pathogenic processes such as inflammation, tumor growth, thrombosis, necrosis, fibrosis, atrophy, pathological hypertrophy, dysplasia and metaplasia. The phenomenon of chronic low-grade inflammation could be attributed to non-classical forms of inflammation, which include many neurodegenerative processes, pathological variants of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and other manifestations of the endothelial dysfunction. Individual and universal manifestations of cellular stress could be considered as a basic element of all these pathologies, which has both physiological and pathophysiological significance. The review examines the causes, main phenomena, developmental directions and outcomes of cellular stress using a phylogenetically conservative set of genes and their activation pathways, as well as tissue stress and its role in inflammatory and para-inflammatory processes. The main ways towards the realization of cellular stress and its functional blocks were outlined. The main stages of tissue stress and the classification of its typical manifestations, as well as its participation in the development of the classical and non-classical variants of the inflammatory process, were also described. The mechanisms of cellular and tissue stress are structured into the complex systems, which include networks that enable the exchange of information with multidirectional signaling pathways which together make these systems internally contradictory, and the result of their effects is often unpredictable. However, the possible solutions require new theoretical and methodological approaches, one of which includes the transition to integral criteria, which plausibly reflect the holistic image of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Yu Gusev
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Zotova
- Laboratory of the Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Ural Federal University named after B.N.Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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20
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Costa MR, Garcia JL, Silva CCVDA, Ferraz APCR, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Ferron AJT, Corrêa CR. Pathological bases of oxidative stress in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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21
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Huang J, Liu W, Doycheva DM, Gamdzyk M, Lu W, Tang J, Zhang JH. Ghrelin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via GHSR-1α/AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α/UCP2 pathway in a rat model of neonatal HIE. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:322-337. [PMID: 31279091 PMCID: PMC6718314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is one of the major pathological processes involved in neurological impairment after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Ghrelin, the unique endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1α (GHSR-1α), could take an anti-apoptotic role in the brain. However, whether ghrelin can attenuate neuronal apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult remains unknown. To investigate the beneficial effects of ghrelin on oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis induced by HI, ten-day old unsexed rat pups were subjected to HI injury and exogenous recombinant human ghrelin(rh-Ghrelin) was administered intranasally at 1 h and 24 h after HI induction. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a selective inhibitor of GHSR-1α and Ex527, a selective inhibitor of GHSR-1α were administered intranasally at 1 h before HI induction respectively. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for GHSR-1α were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 24 h before HI induction. Neurological tests, immunofluorescence, MitoSox staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and western blot experiments were performed. Our results indicated that ghrelin significantly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, ghrelin treatment significantly promoted phosphorylation of AMPK, upregulated the expression of Sirt1, PGC-1α, UCP2 and the ratio of Bcl2/Bax, while it downregulated cleaved caspase-3 levels. The protective effects of ghrelin were reversed by [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, GHSR-1α siRNA or Ex527. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that ghrelin reduced oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis which was in part via the GHSR-1α/AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α/UCP2 signalling pathway after HI. Ghrelin may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment after neonatasl HI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Weitian Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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22
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de Oliveira GV, Soares RN, Volino-Souza M, Leitão R, Murias JM, Alvares TS. The effects of aging and cardiovascular risk factors on microvascular function assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Microvasc Res 2019; 126:103911. [PMID: 31425692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether NIRS-derived reperfusion rate would detect potential differences in the forearm microvascular responsiveness between young healthy adults, and older adults free from or with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Fifteen healthy young (age: 24.8 ± 4.0 years), seventeen older adults free of CVD risk factors (age: 67.0 ± 6.8 years), and twenty-three older adults with CVD risk factors (age: 67.9 ± 8.0 years) participated this study. Individuals underwent a blood draw and vascular occlusion test (30 s of baseline, 5 min of occlusion, and 2 min of reperfusion) and microvascular responsiveness was evaluated by using NIRS-derived tissue oxygen saturation indexes during reperfusion. A significant slower reperfusion rate and lower reperfusion magnitude was observed in older adults with CVD risk factors compared to healthy young and older adults. Although no statistical differences were found between healthy young and older individuals, there was a small (d = 0.4) effect size for reperfusion rate and moderate (d = 0.7) effects size for reperfusion magnitude when comparing these groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that even though the effects of aging per se on microvascular function should not be completely neglected, the CVD risk factors seem to be determinant on microvascular responsiveness impairment associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Volino-Souza
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Leitão
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thiago Silveira Alvares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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23
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Madonna R, Vitulli P, Pierdomenico S, De Caterina R. Deficiency of NDUFC2: Cause or bystander in acute coronary syndromes? Int J Cardiol 2019; 286:134-135. [PMID: 30905519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-Met, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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24
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Mitochondrial complex I deficiency and cardiovascular diseases: current evidence and future directions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:579-591. [PMID: 30863992 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates the emerging role of mitochondrial complex I deficiency in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In particular, defects in single subunits of mitochondrial complex I have been associated with cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, as well as diabetic complications and stroke in pre-clinical studies. Moreover, data obtained in humans revealed that genes coding for complex I proteins were associated with different CVDs. In this review, we discuss recent experimental studies that underline the contributory role of mitochondrial complex I deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of several CVDs, with a particular focus on those involving loss of function models of mitochondrial complex I. We also discuss human studies and potential therapeutic strategies able to rescue mitochondrial function in CVDs.
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25
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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26
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Raffa S, Scrofani C, Valente S, Micaloni A, Forte M, Bianchi F, Coluccia R, Geurts AM, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Torrisi MR, Rubattu S. In vitro characterization of mitochondrial function and structure in rat and human cells with a deficiency of the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase Ndufc2 subunit. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4541-4555. [PMID: 28973657 PMCID: PMC5886163 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ndufc2, a subunit of the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, plays a key role in the assembly and activity of complex I within the mitochondrial OXPHOS chain. Its deficiency has been shown to be involved in diabetes, cancer and stroke. To improve our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the increased disease risk due to Ndufc2 reduction, we performed the present in vitro study aimed at the fine characterization of the derangements in mitochondrial structure and function consequent to Ndufc2 deficiency. We found that both fibroblasts obtained from skin of heterozygous Ndufc2 knock-out rat model showed marked mitochondrial dysfunction and PBMC obtained from subjects homozygous for the TT genotype of the rs11237379/NDUFC2 variant, previously shown to associate with reduced gene expression, demonstrated increased generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage. The latter was associated with increased oxidative stress and significant ultrastructural impairment of mitochondrial morphology with a loss of internal cristae. In both models the exposure to stress stimuli, such as high-NaCl concentration or LPS, exacerbated the mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Resveratrol significantly counteracted the ROS generation. These findings provide additional insights on the role of an altered pattern of mitochondrial structure–function as a cause of human diseases. In particular, they contribute to underscore a potential genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Azienda Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Scrofani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Valente
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Micaloni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Azienda Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
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Liu X, Tan H, Liu X, Wu Q. Correlation between the expression of Drp1 in vascular endothelial cells and inflammatory factors in hypertension rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3892-3898. [PMID: 29563985 PMCID: PMC5858055 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in vascular endothelium of hypertension rats and its correlation with expression of inflammatory factors. Twenty spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into SHR group (n=10) and inhibition group (MD group, n=10), and the Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled as the control group (C group, n=10). For rats in the MD group, Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial division inhibitor, was given in dosage of 25 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of administration, blood pressure was measured via tail-artery blood pressure measurement. The blood samples collected from the abdominal aorta of rats were used to assay the C-reaction protein (CRP) concentration in serum through radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed for sections of thoracic aorta for morphological observation and measurement of medial thickness. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting was carried out for detecting the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Drp1 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). After 4 weeks of drug administration, the blood pressure in the MD group was significantly higher (P<0.01). The medial thickness of the thoracic aorta in the MD group was significantly decreased in comparison with the SHR group (P<0.01). The results of ELISA showed that compared with the SHR group, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the MD group were remarkably decreased (P<0.01). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of Drp1 and MCP-1 in the MD group were significantly lower than those in the SHR group (P<0.05). In the SHR rats, after administration of Mdivi-1, the expression of Drp1 is decreased, which contributes to the alleviation in inflammatory reactions and protects the vessels in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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28
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Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:391-405. [PMID: 29372262 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular endothelium plays a role in capillary transport of nutrients and drugs and regulates angiogenesis, homeostasis, as well as vascular tone and permeability as a major regulator of local vascular homeostasis. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of endothelium in metabolic disorders. METHODS The endothelium maintains the balance between vasodilatation and vasoconstriction, procoagulant and anticoagulant, prothrombotic and antithrombotic mechanisms. RESULTS Diabetes mellitus causes the activation of aldose reductase, polyol pathway and advanced glycation-end-product formation that collectively affect the phosphorylation status and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthatase (eNOS) and causes vascular endothelium dysfunction. Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with increase in LDL oxidation, generation of hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions that increased oxidative degradation of nitric oxide. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported to increase the endogenous competitive inhibitors of eNOS viz L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) that may contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Hypercholesterolemia stimulates oxidation of LDL cholesterol, release of endothelins, and generation of ROS. The increased cholesterol and triglyceride level and decreased protective HDL level, decreases the activity and expression of eNOS and disrupts the integrity of vascular endothelium, due to oxidative stress. Hypertension also stimulates release of endothelins, vasoconstrictor prostanoids, angiotensin II, inflammatory cytokines, xanthine oxidase and, thereby, reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide. CONCLUSION Thus, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercholesterolemia hypertension and hyperuricemia leads to an imbalance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation status of lipid and protein kinase that cause modulation of vascular endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), to produce vascular endothelium dysfunction.
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29
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Pierelli G, Stanzione R, Forte M, Migliarino S, Perelli M, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Uncoupling Protein 2: A Key Player and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Vascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7348372. [PMID: 29163755 PMCID: PMC5661070 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7348372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that belongs to the uncoupling protein family and plays an important role in lowering mitochondrial membrane potential and dissipating metabolic energy with prevention of oxidative stress accumulation. In the present article, we will review the evidence that UCP2, as a consequence of its roles within the mitochondria, represents a critical player in the predisposition to vascular disease development in both animal models and in humans, particularly in relation to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The deletion of the UCP2 gene contributes to atherosclerosis lesion development in the knockout mice, also showing significantly shorter lifespan. The UCP2 gene downregulation is a key determinant of higher predisposition to renal and cerebrovascular damage in an animal model of spontaneous hypertension and stroke. In contrast, UCP2 overexpression improves both hyperglycemia- and high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and ameliorates hypertensive target organ damage in SHRSP. Moreover, drugs (fenofibrate and sitagliptin) and several vegetable compounds (extracts from Brassicaceae, berberine, curcumin, and capsaicin) are able to induce UCP2 expression level and to exert beneficial effects on the occurrence of vascular damage. As a consequence, UCP2 becomes an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of common human vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pierelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Migliarino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Perelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Reduced brain UCP2 expression mediated by microRNA-503 contributes to increased stroke susceptibility in the high-salt fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640254 PMCID: PMC5520932 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UCP2 maps nearby the lod score peak of STR1-stroke QTL in the SHRSP rat strain. We explored the potential contribution of UCP2 to the high-salt diet (JD)-dependent increased stroke susceptibility of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, SHRSR, two reciprocal SHRSR/SHRSP-STR1/QTL stroke congenic lines received JD for 4 weeks to detect brain UCP2 gene/protein modulation as compared with regular diet (RD). Brains were also analyzed for NF-κB protein expression, oxidative stress level and UCP2-targeted microRNAs expression level. Next, based on knowledge that fenofibrate and Brassica Oleracea (BO) stimulate UCP2 expression through PPARα activation, we monitored stroke occurrence in SHRSP receiving JD plus fenofibrate versus vehicle, JD plus BO juice versus BO juice plus PPARα inhibitor. Brain UCP2 expression was markedly reduced by JD in SHRSP and in the (SHRsr.SHRsp-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) congenic line, whereas NF-κB expression and oxidative stress level increased. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the SHRSR and in the (SHRsp.SHRsr-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) reciprocal congenic line. Interestingly, the UCP2-targeted rno-microRNA-503 was significantly upregulated in SHRSP and decreased in SHRSR upon JD, with consistent changes in the two reciprocal congenic lines. Both fenofibrate and BO significantly decreased brain microRNA-503 level, upregulated UCP2 expression and protected SHRSP from stroke occurrence. In vitro overexpression of microRNA-503 in endothelial cells suppressed UCP2 expression and led to a significant increase of cell mortality with decreased cell viability. Brain UCP2 downregulation is a determinant of increased stroke predisposition in high-salt-fed SHRSP. In this context, UCP2 can be modulated by both pharmacological and nutraceutical agents. The microRNA-503 significantly contributes to mediate brain UCP2 downregulation in JD-fed SHRSP.
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A Decrease of Brain MicroRNA-122 Level Is an Early Marker of Cerebrovascular Disease in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1206420. [PMID: 28751928 PMCID: PMC5494068 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1206420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on preliminary evidence that highlights microRNA-122 as a contributing factor to stroke pathogenesis, we aimed at assessing its expression level, along with the presence of early signs of cerebrovascular disease, in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), a suitable model of human disease that accelerates stroke occurrence under a high sodium/low potassium (Japanese-style) diet (JD). After one month of JD, before stroke occurrence, brain microRNA-122 level was significantly decreased in SHRSP as compared to the stroke-resistant SHR (SHRSR). At this time, levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as of endothelial integrity and function, apoptosis and necrosis were differently modulated in the brains of JD-fed SHRSP as compared to SHRSR, pointing to a significant activation of all deleterious mechanisms underlying subsequent stroke development in SHRSP. We also showed that miR-122 improved survival of rat endothelial cerebral cells upon stress stimuli (excess NaCl, hydrogen peroxide). Our data suggest that a decrease of brain microRNA-122 level is deleterious and can be considered as an early marker of stroke in the SHRSP. Understanding the mechanisms by which microRNA-122 protects vascular cells from stress stimuli may provide a useful approach to improve preventive and treatment strategies against stroke.
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Dipla K, Triantafyllou A, Koletsos N, Papadopoulos S, Sachpekidis V, Vrabas IS, Gkaliagkousi E, Zafeiridis A, Douma S. Impaired Muscle Oxygenation and Elevated Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients: Links With Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2017; 70:444-451. [PMID: 28607132 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined in vivo (1) skeletal muscle oxygenation and microvascular function, at rest and during handgrip exercise, and (2) their association with macrovascular function and exercise blood pressure (BP), in newly diagnosed, never-treated patients with hypertension and normotensive individuals. Ninety-one individuals (51 hypertensives and 40 normotensives) underwent office and 24-hour ambulatory BP, arterial stiffness, and central aortic BP assessment, followed by a 5-minute arterial occlusion and a 3-minute submaximal handgrip exercise. Changes in muscle oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy and beat-by-beat BP by Finapres. Hypertensives had higher (P<0.001) central aortic BP and pulse wave velocity versus normotensives and exhibited (1) a blunted tissue oxygen saturation response during occlusion, with slower (P=0.006) deoxygenation rate, suggesting reduced muscle oxidative capacity, and (2) a slower reoxygenation rate and blunted hyperemic response (P<0.05), showing reduced microvascular reactivity. Muscle oxygenation responses were correlated with aortic systolic and pulse pressure and augmentation index (P<0.05; age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted). When exercising at the same submaximal intensity, hypertensives required a significantly greater (P<0.001) increase in BP for achieving similar muscle oxygenation levels as normotensives. This response was correlated with the magnitude of microvascular hyperemia and aortic BP. In conclusion, nontreated patients with hypertension exhibit prominent reductions in in vivo indices of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction, and blunted muscle microvascular reactivity. These dysfunctions were associated with higher aortic systolic BP and arterial stiffness. Dysregulations in muscle oxygen delivery/utilization and microvascular stiffness, in hypertensive patients, partially contribute to their exaggerated BP during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Dipla
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.).
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Koletsos
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Stavros Papadopoulos
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Vasileios Sachpekidis
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
| | - Stella Douma
- From the Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres (K.D., S.P., I.S.V., A.Z.) and 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital (A.T., N.K., E.G., S.D.), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; and 2nd Cardiology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.S.)
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