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Santana-Garrido Á, Reyes-Goya C, André H, Vázquez CM, Mate A. Exploring the Potential of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil as a Pharm-Food to Prevent Ocular Hypertension and Fibrotic Events in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200623. [PMID: 38044285 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Our laboratory has previously described the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of a wild olive (acebuche, ACE) oil against hypertension-associated vascular retinopathies. The current study aims to analyze the antifibrotic effect of ACE oil on the retina of hypertensive mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are rendered hypertensive by administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) and simultaneously subjected to dietary supplementation with ACE oil or a reference extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Intraocular pressure (IOP) is measured by rebound tonometry, and retinal vasculature/layers are analyzed by fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Different fibrosis-related parameters are analyzed in the retina and choroid of normotensive and hypertensive mice with or without oil supplementation. Besides preventing the alterations found in hypertensive animals, including increased IOP, reduced fluorescein signal, and altered retinal layer thickness, the ACE oil-enriched diet improves collagen metabolism by regulating the expression of major fibrotic process modulators (matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta family). CONCLUSION Regular consumption of EVOO and ACE oil (with better outcomes in the latter) might help reduce abnormally high IOP values in the context of hypertension-related retinal damage, with significant reduction in the surrounding fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Carmen M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
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Khan MI, Ashfaq F, Alsayegh AA, Hamouda A, Khatoon F, Altamimi TN, Alhodieb FS, Beg MMA. Advanced glycation end product signaling and metabolic complications: Dietary approach. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:995-1012. [PMID: 37547584 PMCID: PMC10401445 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions. The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake. Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products. Due to industrialization and marketing strategies, restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked. Fried, grilled, baked, and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels. Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts, roasted walnuts, sunflower seeds, fried chicken, bacon, and beef. Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine, acrylamide, heterocyclic amines, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Furosine (2-furoil-methyl-lysine) is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods. High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine, carboxyethyl-lysine, and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods, peanut butter, and cereal items. Increased plasma levels of AGEs, which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging, diabetes, and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation. Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs, leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs, including the cardiovascular system. Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease, such as ventricular dysfunction. High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure. It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress. All chronic illnesses involve protein, lipid, or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs. Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways. Many of these systems, however, require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa Hamouda
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Nasser Altamimi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Saad Alhodieb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
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Zong GW, Wang WY, Zheng J, Zhang W, Luo WM, Fang ZZ, Zhang Q. A Metabolism-Based Interpretable Machine Learning Prediction Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3990035. [PMID: 37229505 PMCID: PMC10205414 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3990035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing, and the sensitive biomarkers of the disease were not enough. Studies have found that the metabolic profile, such as amino acid (AA) and acylcarnitine (AcylCN), in the early stages of DR patients might have changed, indicating the potential of metabolites to become new biomarkers. We are amid to construct a metabolite-based prediction model for DR risk. This study was conducted on type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with or without DR. Logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) prediction models were constructed using the traditional clinical features and the screening features, respectively. Assessing the predictive power of the models in terms of both discrimination and calibration, the optimal model was interpreted using the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify the effect of features on prediction. Finally, the XGBoost model incorporating AA and AcylCN variables had the best comprehensive evaluation (ROCAUC = 0.82, PRAUC = 0.44, Brier score = 0.09). C18 : 1OH lower than 0.04 μmol/L, C18 : 1 lower than 0.70 μmol/L, threonine higher than 27.0 μmol/L, and tyrosine lower than 36.0 μmol/L were associated with an increased risk of developing DR. Phenylalanine higher than 52.0 μmol/L was associated with a decreased risk of developing DR. In conclusion, our study mainly used AAs and AcylCNs to construct an interpretable XGBoost model to predict the risk of developing DR in T2D patients which is beneficial in identifying high-risk groups and preventing or delaying the onset of DR. In addition, our study proposed possible risk cut-off values for DR of C18 : 1OH, C18 : 1, threonine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Zong
- Department of Mathematics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ming Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
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Shi Q, Wang Q, Wang Z, Lu J, Wang R. Systemic inflammatory regulators and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088778. [PMID: 36845092 PMCID: PMC9950638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence shows that systemic inflammation is an embedded mechanism of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the specific systemic inflammatory factors involved in this process remained obscure. The study aimed to identify the upstream and downstream systemic regulators of PDR by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis implementing the results from genome-wide association studies for 41 serum cytokines from 8,293 Finnish individuals, and PDR from FinnGen consortium (2,025 cases vs. 284,826 controls) and eight cohorts of European ancestry (398 cases vs. 2,848 controls), respectively. The inverse-variance-weighted method was adopted as the main MR method, and four additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted-median, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Steiger filtering methods) were used for the sensitivity analyses. Results from FinnGen and eight cohorts were pooled into a meta-analysis. Results Our results showed that genetically predicted higher stem cell growth factor-β (SCGFb) and interleukin-8 were positively associated with an elevated risk of PDR, with a combined effect of one standard deviation (SD) increase in SCGFb and interleukin-8 causing 11.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6%, 24.2%]) and 21.4% [95% CI: 3.8%, 41.9%]) higher risk of PDR, respectively. In contrast, genetically predisposition to PDR showed a positive association with the increased levels of growth-regulated oncogene-α (GROa), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF1a), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-12p70, and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2ra). Conclusions Our MR study identified two upstream regulators and six downstream effectors of PDR, providing opportunities for new therapeutic exploitation of PDR onset. Nonetheless, these nominal associations of systemic inflammatory regulators and PDR require validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangsheng Wang
- Department of Haematology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ruobing Wang,
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Sood A, Baishnab S, Gautam I, Choudhary P, Lang DK, Jaura RS, Singh TG. Exploring various novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in treating diabetic retinopathy. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:773-786. [PMID: 36745243 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is regarded as a common manifestation of diabetes mellitus, being a prominent cause of visual impairment and blindness. This microvascular complication is marked by the appearance of microaneurysms, elevated vascular permeability, capillary blockage, and proliferation of neovasculature. The etiology behind retinopathy is ambiguous and the efficacy of current treatment strategies is minimal. Early diagnosis of this complication using a biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity is very essential for providing better therapeutic strategies. The current available therapeutic options are limited with various adverse effects. Laser treatment is not beneficial in all the situations, economic constraints being the major challenge. Surgical interventions are employed when pharmacotherapy and laser treatment fail. New pharmacological treatments are becoming a necessity for treating the condition. This review highlights the use of various diagnostic tools, emerging biomarkers for early detection of diabetic retinopathy, pathological mechanisms associated with the disease, current therapeutic approaches used and future strategies for more enhanced treatment options and more potent pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Suman Baishnab
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Isha Gautam
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Priya Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Elmahdy AG, Ibrahim MMA, Salama OH, Ziada HEA, Ali MM, Elmohaseb GF, Youssef EMI, Bayoumy ES, Bayomy MA, Mohamed SA. Association of the serum chemerin level with the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 11:171-178. [PMID: 37641604 PMCID: PMC10460249 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) correlates positively with elevated serum chemerin levels. This study was aimed at investigating the probable association between the serum chemerin level and the development of DR in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included Egyptians and classified them into four groups: group 1, including healthy individuals; group 2, including patients with T1DM without DR; group 3, including patients with T1DM with non-proliferative DR (NPDR); and group 4, including patients with T1DM with proliferative DR (PDR). The assessment included best-corrected distance visual acuity assessment, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, and macular ocular coherence tomography. Fasting blood samples were obtained from all participants to measure serum chemerin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels. Serum chemerin levels were compared among the groups, and their correlations with age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels were analyzed. Results We recruited 209 participants, including 46 healthy individuals in group 1, 52 patients (T1DM and no DR) in group 2, 61 patients (T1DM and NPDR) in group 3, and 50 patients (T1DM and PDR) in group 4, with comparable mean ages and sex ratios among groups. The diabetes duration, body mass index, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and serum chemerin levels differed significantly among the groups (all P < 0.001), whereas the creatinine level did not (P > 0.05). The serum chemerin level was significantly higher in group 4 than in groups 3 and 2, in group 3 than in group 2, and in groups 3 and 4 than in group 1 (all P < 0.001). However, it was comparable between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). It correlated with the duration of T1DM and HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels but not with age. Conclusions Patients with T1DM with DR showed higher serum chemerin levels than those with T1DM without DR or healthy individuals. Serum chemerin levels were higher in those with PDR than in those with NPDR. Thus, serum chemerin levels are a potential biomarker of the development and severity of DR in patients with T1DM. Nevertheless, future diagnostic accuracy studies are required to confirm these potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gomaa Elmahdy
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Hassan Salama
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Mohammed Ali
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F Elmohaseb
- Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman MI Youssef
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Saad Bayoumy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Bayomy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Ahmed Mohamed
- Ophthalmology Department, Al-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fickweiler W, Mitzner M, Jacoba CMP, Sun JK. Circulatory Biomarkers and Diabetic Retinopathy in Racial and Ethnic Populations. Semin Ophthalmol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36710371 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2168488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical staging systems for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) must closely relate to endpoints that are both relevant for patients and feasible for physicians to implement. Current DR staging systems for clinical eye care and research provide detailed phenotypic characterization to predict patient outcomes in diabetes but have limitations. Biochemical biomarkers provide a rich pool of potential candidates for new DR staging systems that can be readily measured in accessible fluids. Circulating biomarkers that are specific to the retina and relate to angiogenesis and inflammation have been suggested as relevant for DR. Although there is a lack of multi-ethnic studies evaluating circulatory biomarkers in DR, variability in circulatory biomarkers have been reported in people from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. Therefore, there is a need for future studies to evaluate individual or combinations of biomarkers in diverse populations with DR from different ethnic and racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margalit Mitzner
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cris Martin P Jacoba
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Guo X, Xing Y, Jin W. Role of ADMA in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1183586. [PMID: 37152974 PMCID: PMC10160678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic microangiopathy is a typical and severe problem in diabetics, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications have significantly elevated levels of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). ADMA facilitates the occurrence and progression of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes through its effects on endothelial cell function, oxidative stress damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. This paper reviews the association between ADMA and microvascular complications of diabetes and elucidates the underlying mechanisms by which ADMA contributes to these complications. It provides a new idea and method for the prevention and treatment of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Jin
- *Correspondence: Yiqiao Xing, ; Wei Jin,
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Levitsky LL, Drews KL, Haymond M, Glubitosi-Klug RA, Levitt Katz LE, Mititelu M, Tamborlane W, Tryggestad JB, Weinstock RS. The obesity paradox: Retinopathy, obesity, and circulating risk markers in youth with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY Study. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108259. [PMID: 36150365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the relationship of obesity and 27 circulating inflammatory biomarkers to the prevalence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in youth with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Youth with type 2 diabetes who participated in the TODAY (Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) study were followed for 2-6.5 years. Digital fundus photographs were obtained in the last year of the study. Blood samples during the study were processed for inflammatory biomarkers, and these were correlated with obesity tertiles and presence of retinopathy. RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with an increase in circulating levels of metabolic biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR-1 and -2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), E-selectin, and homocysteine, as well as a decrease in the metabolic risk markers HDL-cholesterol (HDLC), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1). Although NPDR risk decreased with increasing obesity, it was not associated with any of the measured biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of measured biomarkers did not elucidate the "obesity paradox" of decreased NPDR in the most obese participants in the TODAY study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.govNCT00081328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne L Levitsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L Drews
- George Washington University Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, United States of America.
| | - Morey Haymond
- Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Rose A Glubitosi-Klug
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 1100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Lorraine E Levitt Katz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Mihai Mititelu
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 206, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - William Tamborlane
- Yale University, 1 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Jeanie B Tryggestad
- Univeristy of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 Children's Ave, Oklahoma, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, 3229 E Genesee St, Syracuse, NY 13214, United States of America
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Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116234. [PMID: 35682915 PMCID: PMC9181586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased in subjects with T2D and is considered to be one of the major pathogenic mechanism in developing complications in diabetes. Skin AGEs could be assessed by skin autofluorescence. This method has been validated and related to the presence of micro and macroangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this context, the aim of this review is to critically summarize current knowledge and scientific evidence on the relationship between skin AGEs and CVD in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a brief reference to other diabetes-related complications.
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Khairul-Anwar I, Wan-Nazatul-Shima S, Siti-Lailatul-Akmar Z, Hamid Siti-Azrin A, Zunaina E. Evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:310-316. [PMID: 35048479 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in saliva between different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2020. This study included diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with no DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). None of the patients with DM were included in the control group. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. RESULTS Altogether, 120 patients were included in the study (DM without DR, 33 patients; DM with NPDR, 30 patients; DM with PDR, 32 patients; non-DM, 25 patients). The mean IL-6 level in saliva was significantly higher in the DM group (0.033±0.005 pg/ml) than in the non-DM group (0.027±0.001 pg/ml) (p<0.001 after adjusting for covariates). There was no significant difference in mean salivary TNF-α between patients with DM and those without DM after adjusting for covariates. The mean IL-6 in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.036±0.003 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.027±0.001 pg/ml) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Mean TNF-α in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.086±0.022 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.049±0.011 pg/ml) (p=0.015 and p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION There is an association between inflammatory biomarkers in saliva (IL-6 and TNF-α) and severity of DR among patients with DM, suggesting that these salivary biomarkers are potential biomarkers for screening, monitoring, and predicting the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khairul-Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shahidan Wan-Nazatul-Shima
- Basic Science & Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainuddin Siti-Lailatul-Akmar
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Embong Zunaina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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12
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Luo WM, Zhang ZP, Zhang W, Su JY, Gao XQ, Liu X, Wang WY, Jiang CT, Fang ZZ. The Association of Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy in Homocysteine Cycle in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883845. [PMID: 35846275 PMCID: PMC9276920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the impacts of the Hcy pathway on this relationship against this background. METHODS This study retrieved 1979 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of Hcy cycle on the relationship between Hcy and DR. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between risk factors related to DR progression and Hcy. Finally, the results of logistic regression were supplemented by mediation analysis. RESULTS We found there was a negative correlation between low concentration of Hcy and DR (OR : 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1). After stratifying all patients by cysteine (Cys) or Methionine (Met), this relationship remained significant only in low concentration of Cys (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.94). Through the RCS curve, we found that the effect of Hcy on DR presents a U-shaped curve relationship. Mediating effect in Met and Hcy cycles was also significant [Total effect c (OR: 0.968, 95%CI: 0.938-0.998), Direct effect path c' (OR: 0.969, 95%CI: 0.940-0.999), Path a (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 1.004-1.091), Path b (OR: 0.964, 95%CI: 0.932-0.998)]. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between Hcy and DR presents a U-shaped curve and the homocysteine cycle pathway has an impact on it. And too low concentration of Hcy indicates a lack of other substances, such as vitamins. It is suggested that the progression of DR is the result of a combination of many risk factors. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yang Su
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang-Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Ze Fang,
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13
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Demirtas Ö, Pekel G, Pekel E, Cetin EN. Iris thickness measurements in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:491-496. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672120972623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate iris alterations in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Sixty-nine eyes of 69 patients were recruited and three groups of patients were examined: proliferative DR ( n = 25), non-proliferative DR ( n = 21) and healthy controls ( n = 23). Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), anterior segment iris OCT, and slit lamp digital camera photographs were taken. The thicknesses of the iris at a distance of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm from pupil margin were measured via iris OCT. Iris crypt count, furrow extent, color tone and collarette/diameter ratio were measured by means of anterior segment photography. Visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure, and numbers of intravitreal injections were also recorded. Results: The iris thickness measurements at 1 mm from pupil margin were significantly correlated with the macular thickness measurements ( r = 0.32, p = 0.016). In the proliferative DR group, total number of injections were significantly correlated with the iris thickness measurements at 1 mm ( r = 0.25, p = 0.04). The iris thickness measurements at distances 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm from the pupil margin were similar in all of the groups ( p > 0.05). Iris thickness did not correlate with age, intra-ocular pressure and collarette iris ratio in all the participants ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Iris thickness is similar in diabetic patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, iris thickness near the pupillary margin is positively correlated with macular thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Pekel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Evre Pekel
- Denizli State Hospital, Eye Clinic, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ebru Nevin Cetin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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14
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Xia Y, Luo Q, Chen J, Huang C, Jahangir A, Pan T, Wei X, Liu W, Chen Z. Retinal astrocytes and microglia activation in diabetic retinopathy rhesus monkey models. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:297-303. [PMID: 34547966 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1984535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the retinal neurodegeneration in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rhesus monkeys, and to investigate whether alterations of glial cells occur in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIAL AND METHODS T1DM rhesus monkeys were established by daily intravenous injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 25 mg/kg body weight) in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) for 5 days, while T2DM rhesus monkeys were induced by feeding with high-fat diet. The period of DR in rhesus monkeys was evaluated by fundoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Afterward, the morphological changes of inner neurons and glial cells in the retina were detected by immunofluorescence (IF). RESULTS When compared with the control groups, no difference was observed in both T1DM and T2DM by fundus photographs, while slight exudation and effusion in the blood vessels of retina of rhesus monkeys were found by OCT in DM rhesus monkeys. In addition, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba1) were significantly increased in both T1DM (P<0.01) and T2DM (P<0.05) rhesus monkeys. Moreover, the positive expression of PKC-α, parvalbumin and NeuN were significantly decreased, while the positive expression of calbindin showed no difference in T1DM group. However, only the expression cells of PKC-α were reduced in T2DM group when compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION Astrocytes activation, reactive gliosis, and neurodegeneration were observed in both T1DM and T2DM rhesus monkey models at the early stage of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Agriculture Service Center of Baisha, Jiangjin Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Asad Jahangir
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan, China
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao D. Dysregulation of miR-374a is involved in the progression of diabetic retinopathy and regulates the proliferation and migration of retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:287-292. [PMID: 33941051 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1913043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance: microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of various diseases.Background: This study evaluated the expression and clinical value of miR-374a in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and analysed the effects of miR-374a on the progression of DR.Methods: Subjects were divided into four groups: healthy control, type 2 diabetes mellitus without DR (NDR), proliferation DR (PDR) and non-proliferation DR (NPDR). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was detected in the serum miR-374a levels of the subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-374a in DR patients. Pearson correlation was used to analyse the correlation between miRNA and clinical indicators of patients. High glucose (HG) in treatment of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). The effects of miR-374a on cell proliferation and migration induced by HG were detected.Results: Serum miR-374a was progressively accelerated in patients with NDR, NPDR and PDR than in healthy controls. Moreover, miR-374a can significantly distinguish between NDR and DR patients. Among DR patients, miR-374a can differentiate PDR patients from NPDR patients. Serum miR-374a was positively correlated with diabetes duration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in DR patients. HG-induced proliferation and migration of HRMECs was inhibited by reduction of miR-374a.Conclusion: Dysregulation of miR-374a is involved in the progression of DR and serves a regulatory role in retinal, which can be used as a promising diagnostic biomarker for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | | | - Dailing Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Shandong, China
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16
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Qayyum S, Afzal M, Naveed AK. Association analysis of 374T/A (rs1800624) receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in Pakistani patients. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:733-739. [PMID: 34104157 PMCID: PMC8155428 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.3.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to determine the relationship of 374T/A (rs1800624) polymorphism in the gene encoding RAGE with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and serum soluble RAGE (sRAGE) level in Pakistani patients. METHODS A case-control study, conducted from January 2017 to December 2018, involving 150 healthy controls (HC), 150 T2DM patients with no retinopathy (DNR) and 150 DR patients diagnosed by coloured fundus photography. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping. Serum sRAGE levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELIZA). RESULTS The frequency of TT, TA and AA genotypes of rs1800624 polymorphism were: 92.7%, 6%, 1.3% in HC, 80%, 17.3%, 2.7% in DNR and 76.7%, 19.3%, 4.3% in DR groups. Heterozygous TA genotype and mutant A allele showed significant association with diabetes and DR vs HC. In dominant model, mutant allele showed significant association with DNR and DR vs HC. No significant association of rs1800624 was detected with DR and its sub-groups, non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) vs DNR. Dividing NPDR into mild, moderate and severe, heterozygous TA genotype showed significant association with moderate and severe NPDR vs DNR. In DNR and DR groups, TA genotype was significantly associated with raised sRAGE. CONCLUSION rs1800624 RAGE gene polymorphism might be a risk factor for T2DM and NPDR in Pakistani patients. Raised sRAGE levels have a positive correlation with PDR and are associated with heterozygosity of rs1800624 polymorphism in DNR and DR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Qayyum
- Dr. Shazia Qayyum, MPhil. Department of Pathology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Muhammad Afzal, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- Prof. Dr. Abdul Khaliq Naveed, FCPS, PhD. Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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Yu B, Xiao M, Yang F, Xiao J, Zhang H, Su L, Zhang X, Li X. MicroRNA-431-5p encapsulated in serum extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105975. [PMID: 33838342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and precise monitoring of the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) can significantly improve therapeutic strategies and help decrease blindness caused by it. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently found to be involved in intercellular communications and are a potential source for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in small EVs (sEVs) as minimally invasive biomarkers for PDR. SEVs were extracted from plasma of healthy subjects, diabetic patients, nonPDR patients and PDR patients. Then, we performed microarray analysis to determine the miRNA expression profile. MiR-431-5p expression doubled in the PDR patients compared with the healthy controls and the diabetic patients. We further found that miR-431-5p expression was 2.3 times higher in 4-hydroxynonenal treated human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) than the control. After transfection with miR-431-5p mimics, proliferation of HRCECs was promoted, while transfection with miR-431-5p inhibitor demonstrated the opposite effect. The present findings indicate that circulating sEVs showed a differential miRNA profile in PDR patients. MiR-431-5p was involved in the pathogenesis of PDR development and may function as a novel biomarker for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mengran Xiao
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lin Su
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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18
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Yang Y, Xu X. Identification of key genes in coronary artery disease: an integrative approach based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis and their correlation with immune infiltration. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8306-8319. [PMID: 33686958 PMCID: PMC8034924 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify key genes related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with immune cells infiltration. GSE20680 and GSE20681 were downloaded from GEO. We identified red and pink modules in WGCNA analysis and found 104 genes in these two modules. Next, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to screen and verify the diagnostic markers of CAD. We identified ASCC2, LRRC18, and SLC25A37 as the key genes in CAD diagnosis. We further studied the immune cells infiltration in CAD patients with CIBERSORT, and the correlation between key genes and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. We also found immune cells, including macrophages M0, mast cells resting and T cells CD8, were associated with ASCC2, LRRC18 and SLC25A37. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that these genes mainly enriched in apoptotic signaling pathway for biological pathway analysis, riboflavin metabolism for KEGG analysis. The diagnostic efficiency of these key genes measured by AUC in the training set, testing set and validation cohort was 0.92, 0.96 and 0.83, respectively. In conclusion, ASCC2, LRRC18 and SLC25A37 can be used as diagnostic markers of CAD, and immune cell infiltration plays an important role in the onset and development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangshan Xu
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
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19
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Al-Shabrawey M, Hussein K, Wang F, Wan M, Elmasry K, Elsherbiny N, Saleh H, Yu PB, Tawfik A, Ibrahim AS. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Non-Canonical Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:568795. [PMID: 33584642 PMCID: PMC7878387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), are not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated an upregulation of retinal bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in experimental diabetes and in retinas of diabetic human subjects. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of non-canonical inflammatory pathway in BMP2-induced retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier dysfunction. For this purpose, we used RT-PCR and western blotting to evaluate the levels of BMP2 signaling components (BMP2, BMP4, BMP receptors), VEGF, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NFκB, and oxidative stress markers in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to BMP2 (50ng/ml) for up to 24 h. Also, effect of high glucose (HG, 30mM D-glucose) on the expression of BMP2 and its downstream genes was examined in HRECs. H2-DCF is a fluorogenic dye that measures the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was used to measure the pro-oxidative effect of BMP2. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting p38 and VEGF signaling on BMP2-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction by measuring the trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance (TER) using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). We also tested the effect of HG on the integrity of HRECs barrier in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BMP2 signaling. Our data reveals that BMP2 and high glucose upregulates BMP components of the BMP signaling pathway (SMAD effectors, BMP receptors, and TGFβ ligand itself) and induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NFκB with nuclear translocation of NFκB. Inhibition of p38 or NFκB attenuated BMP2-induced VEGF expression and barrier dysfunction in HRECs. Also, inhibition of VEGFR2 attenuated BMP2-induced barrier dysfunction. Moreover, BMP2 induces generation of ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in HRECs. Finally, HG upregulated BMP2 and its downstream genes (SMAD, BMP4, ALKs, and TGF-β) in HRECs and BMP2 inhibitors attenuated HG-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction. Our results suggest that in addition to the regular canonical SMAD signaling BMP2 induces non-canonical inflammatory pathway in HRECs via activation of p38/NFκB pathway that causes the upregulation of VEGF and the disruption of HRECs. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling is a potential therapeutic intervention to preserve endothelial cell barrier function in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Saleh
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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20
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Mrugacz M, Bryl A, Zorena K. Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Neuroretinal Degeneration in Diabetic Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030458. [PMID: 33504108 PMCID: PMC7866162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the retina in the course of diabetes, referred to as diabetic retinopathy (DR), are caused by vascular abnormalities and are ischemic in nature. Vascular lesions in diabetes pertain to small vessels (microangiopathy) and involve precapillary arterioles, capillaries and small veins. Pericyte loss, thickening of the basement membrane, and damage and proliferation of endothelial cells are observed. Endothelial cells (monolayer squamous epithelium) form the smooth internal vascular lining indispensable for normal blood flow. Breaking its continuity initiates blood coagulation at that site. The endothelium controls the process of exchange of chemical substances (nutritional, regulatory, waste products) between blood and the retina, and blood cell passing through the vascular wall. Endothelial cells produce biologically active substances involved in blood coagulation, regulating vascular wall tension and stimulating neoangiogenesis. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy may be not only a microvascular disease, but is a result of neuroretinal degeneration. Neuroretinal degeneration appears structurally, as neural apoptosis of amacrine and Muller cells, reactive gliosis, ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform (GCL) thickness, retinal thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and a reduction of the neuroretinal rim in minimum rim width (MRW) and functionally as an abnormal electroretinogram (ERG), dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and microperimetric test. The findings in early stages of diabetic retinopathy may precede microvascular changes of this disease. Furthermore, the article's objective is to characterize the factors and mechanisms conducive to microvascular changes and neuroretinal apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Only when all the measures preventing vascular dysfunction are determined will the risk of complications in the course of diabetes be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 18-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin on High Glucose- and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-Induced Injury in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121176. [PMID: 33255669 PMCID: PMC7760030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to the eating and living habits of modern people. As the disease progresses, the long-term effects of diabetes can cause microvascular disease, causing dysfunction in different parts of the body, which, in turn, leads to different complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is the main cause of vision loss and blindness in diabetic patients. Persistent hyperglycemia may cause damage to the retina, induce the accumulation of inflammatory factors, and destroy the blood–retinal barrier function. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed. It accounts for more than 10% of the total carotenoids in nature. Fx is mainly found in brown algae and has strong antioxidant properties, due to its unique biologically active structure. This carotenoid also has the effects of reducing lipid peroxidation, reducing DNA damage, and preventing cardiovascular diseases as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, there is no relevant research on the protective effect of Fx in DR. Therefore, in this study, we explore the protective effect of Fx on the retina. Human retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19) are used to investigate the protective effect of Fx on high glucose stress- (glucose 75 mM) and high lipid peroxidation stress (4-hydroxynonenal, 4-HNE (30 μM))-induced DR. The cell viability test shows that Fx recovered the cell damage, and Western blotting shows that Fx reduced the inflammation response and maintained the integrity of the blood–retinal barrier by reducing its apoptosis and cell adhesion factor protein expression. Using an antioxidant enzyme assay kit, we find that the protective effect of Fx may be related to the strong antioxidant properties of Fx, which increases catalase and reduces oxidative stress to produce a protective effect on the retina.
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22
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Whitmore HAB, Amarnani D, O'Hare M, Delgado-Tirado S, Gonzalez-Buendia L, An M, Pedron J, Bushweller JH, Arboleda-Velasquez JF, Kim LA. TNF-α signaling regulates RUNX1 function in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21155. [PMID: 33135824 PMCID: PMC7821222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) acts as a mediator of aberrant retinal angiogenesis and has been implicated in the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Patients with PDR, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and wet age‐related macular degeneration (wet AMD) have been found to have elevated levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the eye. In fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) taken from patients with PDR RUNX1 expression was increased in the vasculature, while in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), TNF‐α stimulation causes increased RUNX1 expression, which can be modulated by RUNX1 inhibitors. Using TNF‐α pathway inhibitors, we determined that in HRMECs, TNF‐α‐induced RUNX1 expression occurs via JNK activation, while NF‐κB and p38/MAPK inhibition did not affect RUNX1 expression. JNK inhibitors were also effective at stopping high d‐glucose‐stimulated RUNX1 expression. We further linked JNK to RUNX1 through Activator Protein 1 (AP‐1) and investigated the JNK‐AP‐1‐RUNX1 regulatory feedback loop, which can be modulated by VEGF. Additionally, stimulation with TNF‐α and d‐glucose had an additive effect on RUNX1 expression, which was downregulated by VEGF modulation. These data suggest that the downregulation of RUNX1 in conjunction with anti‐VEGF agents may be important in future treatments for the management of diseases of pathologic ocular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A B Whitmore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhanesh Amarnani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael O'Hare
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago Delgado-Tirado
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miranda An
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julien Pedron
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo A Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Roy S, Kim D. Retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: Role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100903. [PMID: 32950677 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening has been hailed over half a century as the most prominent histological lesion in diabetic microangiopathy, and represents an early ultrastructural change in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Although vascular complications of DR have been clinically well established, specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction of small vessels are not well understood. In DR, small vessels develop insidiously as BM thickening occurs. Studies examining high resolution imaging data have established BM thickening as one of the foremost structural abnormalities of retinal capillaries. This fundamental structural change develops, at least in part, from excess accumulation of BM components. Although BM thickening is closely associated with the development of DR, its contributory role in the pathogenesis of DR is coming to light recently. DR develops over several years before clinical manifestations appear, and it is during this clinically silent period that hyperglycemia induces excess synthesis of BM components, contributes to vascular BM thickening, and promotes structural and functional lesions including cell death and vascular leakage in the diabetic retina. Studies using animal models show promising results in preventing BM thickening with subsequent beneficial effects. Several gene regulatory approaches are being developed to prevent excess synthesis of vascular BM components in an effort to reduce BM thickening. This review highlights current understanding of capillary BM thickening development, role of BM thickening in retinal vascular lesions, and strategies for preventing vascular BM thickening as a potential therapeutic strategy in alleviating characteristic lesions associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Simó-Servat O, Hernández C, Simó R. The ERM Complex: A New Player Involved in Diabetes-induced Vascular Leakage. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3012-3022. [PMID: 30332939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016162327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular complications remain an important cause of morbidity in diabetic patients, and they are associated with a significant economic burden for healthcare systems. Vascular leakage is one of the earlier hallmarks in diabetic microvascular complications. Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) proteins have recently been involved in vascular dysfunction under the effect of molecular mediators of diabetes complications. In this review, we will present the available evidence regarding the role of these proteins in vascular leakage and their putative implication in diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive literature search of the electronic MEDLINE database was performed between November 2017 and January 2018. As a result, 36 articles have been reviewed and discussed. DISCUSSION ERM proteins are cytoskeleton-membrane linkers, and when activated in endothelial cells are able to induce cytoskeleton reorganization in stress fibers leading to the disassembly of focal adhesions and the formation of paracellular gaps which result in an increase of vascular permeability. The activation of these proteins is induced by mediators involved in diabetic complications such as PKC activation, TNF-α, AGEs and oxidative stress. In conclusion, ERMs play an essential role in endothelium homeostasis and can be envisaged as a new therapeutic molecular target for preventing or arresting diabetes-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Implication of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Blood Retinal Barrier (BRB) Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081119. [PMID: 32751132 PMCID: PMC7463551 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to different systemic and neurological diseases, well-known as a risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been identified as a risk factor for several ocular disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain HHcy-induced visual dysfunction, including oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory mediators, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Our previous studies using in vivo and in vitro models of HHcy have demonstrated that Hcy impairs the function of both inner and outer blood retinal barrier (BRB). Dysfunction of BRB is a hallmark of vision loss in DR and AMD. Our findings highlighted oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications as possible mechanisms of HHcy-induced BRB dysfunction. In addition, we recently reported HHcy-induced brain inflammation as a mechanism of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, we are currently investigating the activation of glutamate receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) as the molecular mechanism for HHcy-induced BRB dysfunction. This review focuses on the studied effects of HHcy on BRB and the controversial role of HHcy in the pathogenesis of aging neurological diseases such as DR, AMD, and AD. We also highlight the possible mechanisms for such deleterious effects of HHcy.
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26
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Lee JH, Kim YA, Lee Y, Bang WD, Seo JH. Association between interarm blood pressure differences and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120945910. [PMID: 32746630 PMCID: PMC7510376 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120945910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of interarm blood pressure difference on the development of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease remains unknown. We investigated to determine the impact of interarm blood pressure difference on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The study included 563 patients with diabetes, who were evaluated with a simultaneous bilateral blood pressure measurement. The cutoff values for interarm blood pressure difference were 5, 10 and 15 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relation between interarm blood pressure difference and diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS Diabetic patients with systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5, ⩾10 and ⩾15 mmHg showed an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy [adjusted odds ratio = 1.48 (95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.18), odds ratio = 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.99-3.22), odds ratio = 2.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-5.23)] after adjustment. There were significant associations between interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 and ⩾10 mmHg and proteinuria [odds ratio = 1.68 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-2.44), 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-3.37)]. CONCLUSION The association between interarm blood pressure difference and the presence of diabetic retinopathy emerged even for systolic interarm blood pressure difference ⩾5 mmHg without interaction of systolic blood pressure. Systolic interarm blood pressure difference should be considered a surrogate marker for vascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute,
Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Dae Bang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of
Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital,
Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute,
Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Je Hyun Seo, Veterans Medical Research
Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil 53,
Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zhou M, Li G, Zhu L, Zhou H, Lu L. Arctiin attenuates high glucose-induced human retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation by regulating ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt/VEGF pathway in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5695-5706. [PMID: 32297701 PMCID: PMC7214144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes, which remains the leading cause of legal blindness in the world. Arctiin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of arctiin on a human retinal capillary endothelial cell (HRCEC) line and how arctiin inhibits cell proliferation in high glucose (HG)-induced HRCECs. Results showed that arctiin decreased HG-induced HRCECs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Tube formation assay and immunofluorescence staining indicated that arctiin abrogated tube formation induced by HG-induced HRCECs in a dose-dependent manner via down-regulation of VEGF expression. Mechanistic study indicated that perturbation of the ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a vital role in the arctiin-mediated anti-proliferative effect. Furthermore, pre-incubation of HRCECs with Y-27632 attenuated arctiin-induced cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation and tube formation inhibition. Y-27632 also reversed the activation of PTEN, the inactivation/dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and down-regulation of VEGF. Taken together, the results demonstrated that arctiin inhibits the proliferation of HG-induced HRCECs through the activation of ROCK1 and PTEN and inactivation of PI3K and Akt, resulting in down-regulation of VEGF, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Laichun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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Hernández C, Porta M, Bandello F, Grauslund J, Harding SP, Aldington SJ, Egan C, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, García-Arumí J, Gibson J, Lang GE, Lattanzio R, Massin P, Midena E, Ponsati B, Ribeiro L, Scanlon P, Cunha-Vaz J, Simó R. The Usefulness of Serum Biomarkers in the Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy: Results of the EUROCONDOR Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041233. [PMID: 32344735 PMCID: PMC7231127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of serum biomarkers to predict the worsening of retinal neurodysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, we measured selected molecules (N-epsilon-carboxy methyl lysine (CML), laminin P1 (Lam-P1), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)) in the serum of 341 participants of the EUROCONDOR study at baseline, 24, and 48 weeks. Retinal neurodysfunction was assessed by measuring implicit time (IT) using multifocal electroretinography, and structural changes were examined by spectral domain–optical coherence tomography. The values of IT at baseline were directly correlated with baseline serum concentrations of CML (r = 0.135, p = 0.013). Furthermore, in the placebo group, increase in CML concentration throughout follow-up correlated with the IT (r = 0.20; p = 0.03). Baseline serum levels of CML also correlated with macular retinal thickness (RT) (r = 0.231; p < 0.001). Baseline Lam-P1 levels correlated with the increase of the RT at the end of follow-up in the placebo group (r = 0.22; p = 0.016). We provide evidence that CML may be a biomarker of both retinal neurodysfunction and RT, whereas Lam-P1 was associated with RT only. Therefore, circulating levels of these molecules could provide a complementary tool for monitoring the early changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.G.); (U.F.-O.)
| | - Simon P. Harding
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, and St. Pauls’ Eye Unit. Liverpool University Hospitals, members of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Stephen J. Aldington
- Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cheltenham GL53 7AG, UK; (S.J.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Institute of Ophthalmology/University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK;
| | - Ulrik Frydkjaer-Olsen
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.G.); (U.F.-O.)
| | - José García-Arumí
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Gibson
- Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Gabriele E. Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Rosangela Lattanzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Pascale Massin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Luísa Ribeiro
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.R.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Peter Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cheltenham GL53 7AG, UK; (S.J.A.); (P.S.)
| | - José Cunha-Vaz
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.R.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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29
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Prado MSG, de Jesus ML, de Goes TC, Mendonça LSO, Kaneto CM. Downregulation of circulating miR-320a and target gene prediction in patients with diabetic retinopathy. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:155. [PMID: 32178730 PMCID: PMC7077016 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the expression of a set of miRNAs to identify differentially expressed miRNAs that might be considered reliable biomarkers on Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) blood samples. Results Expression levels of MiR-320a, MiR-342-3p, MiR-155, MiR-99a, MiR-29a and MiR-27b were analyzed in 60 healthy controls, 48 Diabetes Melitus (DM) without DR patients and 62 DR patients by qRT-PCR. MiR-320a was shown to be downregulated in the plasma of DR patients compared with DM patients without DR and healthy subjects. Target genes were predicted using miRWalk3.0, miR targeting data and target gene interaction data were imported to Cytoscape to visualize and merge networks and top ranked predicted genes were run through Ontology Genes to perform enrichment analysis on gene sets and classification system to identify biological processes and reactome pathways associated with DR. Highly scored target genes of miR-320a were categorized for various biological processes, including negative regulation of cell aging, negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process and regulation of cellular response to stress that are critical to the development of DR. Our findings suggest that MiR-320a may have a role in the pathogenesis of DR and may represent novel biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirthz Lemos de Jesus
- Department of Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Thaline Cunha de Goes
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Lucilla Silva Oliveira Mendonça
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Martins Kaneto
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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30
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Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. RBP3: a possible prognostic marker and therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 7:S327. [PMID: 32016045 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rusciano
- SOOFT Italia SpA, Research Department c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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31
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Mathala N, Akula A, Hegde S, Bitra R, Sachedev V. Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:402-409. [PMID: 31441730 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190823155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers, and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations, such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein) and serum VEGF. RESULTS The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio) are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine, CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. CONCLUSION The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Mathala
- Department of Pharmacology, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Annapurna Akula
- Department of Pharmacology, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sharat Hegde
- Department of Retina Vitreous Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghava Bitra
- Department of Pharmacology, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Virender Sachedev
- Department of Retina Vitreous Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sha W, Wen S, Chen L, Xu B, Lei T, Zhou L. The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitor on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8867875. [PMID: 33274239 PMCID: PMC7676957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetic microangiopathy. DR has an early onset and is not easy to detect. When visual impairment occurs, the optimal period for therapy is often missed. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of DR should start from the early stage of diabetes. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new antidiabetic drug which is mainly used in clinical practice to control blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes prone to develop chronic heart failure. Recent studies have found that SGLT2 is also expressed in the human retina. Now, the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy with SGLT2i while reducing blood sugar has become a new research field. Hence, this article reviewed the recent therapeutic and research progress of SGLT2 in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bilin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
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Advanced Glycation End Products: Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Complications under Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9570616. [PMID: 31885827 PMCID: PMC6925928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9570616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications are predominantly responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress under hyperglycemia is currently considered the initial link to diabetic cardiovascular complications and a key node for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-related fatal cardiovascular events. Numerous studies have indicated that the common upstream pathway in the context of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system under diabetic conditions is the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptors (RAGEs). Therefore, a further understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and AGEs is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent research advances in diabetes with an emphasis on oxidative stress and its association with AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Fickweiler W, Aiello LP, Sun JK, King GL. Retinol binding protein 3 as biomarker for diabetic retinopathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:706. [PMID: 31930216 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lloyd P Aiello
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of acquired vision loss in adults across the globe. Early identification and treatment of patients with DR is paramount for vision preservation. The aim of this review paper is to outline current and new imaging techniques and biomarkers that are valuable for clinical diagnosis and management of DR. RECENT FINDINGS Ultrawide field imaging and automated deep learning algorithms are recent advancements on traditional fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography are techniques that image retinal anatomy and vasculature and OCT is routinely used to monitor response to treatment. Many circulating, vitreous, and genetic biomarkers have been studied to facilitate disease detection and development of new treatments. Recent advancements in retinal imaging and identification of promising new biomarkers for DR have the potential to increase detection, risk stratification, and treatment for patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyow C Kwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amani A Fawzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Song DY, Gu JY, Yoo HJ, Kim YI, Nam-Goong IS, Kim ES, Kim HK. Activation of Factor XII and Kallikrein-Kinin System Combined with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 129:560-565. [PMID: 31426112 DOI: 10.1055/a-0981-6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetic retinopathy (DR), neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and kallikrein-kinin system are considered as contributing factors. However, the detail activation mechanisms has not been fully understood. Since the NET could provide negative-charged surface for factor XII activation and the activated factor XII (XIIa) can initiate kallikrein-kinin system, this study investigated whether patients with DR show activation of NET, factor XII and kallikrein-kinin system. METHODS The markers related to NET (DNA-histone complex) and kallikrein-kinin system (high-molecular-weight kininogen, prekallikrein, bradykinin) and factor XIIa were measured in 253 patients with diabetes. To access ex vivo effect of glucose, DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa were measured in whole blood stimulated by glucose. RESULTS The circulating level of DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa were significantly higher in patients with DR than those without DR. In logistic regression analysis, DNA-histone complex, factor XIIa, and high-molecular-weight kininogen were the risk factors of DR. In recursive partitioning analysis, among patients with diabetes duration less than 10 years, patients with high level of DNA-histone complex (>426 AU) showed high risk of DR. In ex vivo experiment, glucose significantly elevated both DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that activation of factor XII and kallikrein-kinin system combined with NET formation actively occur in patients with DR and circulating levels of DNA-histone complex, factor XIIa and HMWK can be potential biomarkers to estimate the risk of DR. Strategies against factor XII activation may be beneficial to inhibit DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Yoon Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Il Sung Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Opdenakker G, Abu El-Asrar A. Metalloproteinases mediate diabetes-induced retinal neuropathy and vasculopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3157-3166. [PMID: 31183508 PMCID: PMC11105743 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related metalloproteinases with a disintegrin domain (ADAMs) have become interesting probes and targets in eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. We here summarize recent data about MMPs and ADAMs in retinopathies. Retinal diseases range from rare genetic afflictions to diabetic retinopathy, the latter of which is reaching epidemic proportions. MMPs and ADAMs play roles in normal eye development and in disease states, not only in local proteolysis but also signaling functions mediated by specific protein domains, interacting with cell surface receptors. In proliferative diabetic retinopathy, inflammation, hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress collectively stimulate the production, activation and signaling functions of pro-MMP-9. This leads to angiogenesis, destruction of neuroprotective prominin-1, loss of photoreceptors and blood-retina barrier breakdown. Biological inhibition of proteolysis and control of signaling functions are executed by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Angiogenic, inflammatory and fibrotic reactions, in which MMPs, ADAMs and TIMPs are involved, co-determine common eye diseases. Therefore, visions about the use of these proteases as biomarkers and as targets for therapeutic inhibitors, including small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, may lead to breakthroughs in tissue regeneration, maintenance of photoreceptors and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ahmed Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Rhiyad, Saudi Arabia
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Unraveling the Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143393. [PMID: 31295940 PMCID: PMC6678414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is therefore a major burden on the healthcare system. Patients with DKD are highly susceptible to developing cardiovascular disease, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality rates. While progress has been made to inhibit the acceleration of DKD, current standards of care reduce but do not eliminate the risk of DKD. There is growing appreciation for the role of inflammation in modulating the process of DKD. The focus of this review is on providing an overview of the current status of knowledge regarding the pathologic roles of inflammation in the development of DKD. Finally, we summarize recent therapeutic advances to prevent DKD, with a focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of newly developed agents.
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Herder C, Hermanns N. Subclinical inflammation and depressive symptoms in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:477-489. [PMID: 30778653 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a frequent comorbidity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Depression and diabetes are linked by a bidirectional relationship, but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Experimental, observational and intervention studies showed that inflammatory processes contribute to the development of depression in animal models and humans. Given the high risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with the double burden of diabetes and depression, this review provides an overview of epidemiological studies that addressed the relationship between biomarkers of inflammation and depressive symptoms or depression in diabetes patients. In patients with T1D, there is some evidence that higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and sICAM-1 may be related to depressive symptoms or (for hsCRP) lower treatment response. For T2D, hsCRP, IL-1RA, CCL2 and adiponectin or its isoforms were associated with depressive symptoms in at least two studies, whereas positive associations of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 with depressive symptoms or depression were reported from single cohorts. However, the number of studies is too low for any meaningful meta-analysis. Prospective life course studies including both patients with T1D and T2D, a comprehensive assessment of systemic inflammation and repeated assessment of depressive symptoms should represent a future research priority to clarify to what extent subclinical inflammation affects the risk of depression in patients with diabetes. A better understanding of the role of inflammatory processes may help to identify subtypes of depression with partly different pathogenesis, which could have consequences with respect to therapeutic options including immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hermanns
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Bad Mergentheim, Germany.,Department for Psychology, Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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40
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, together with its complications, has been increasing in prevalence worldwide. Its complications include cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke), neuropathy, nephropathy, and eye complications (e.g., glaucoma, cataracts, retinopathy, and macular edema). In patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual impairment or blindness. It is characterized by progressive changes in the retinal microvasculature. The progression from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to a more advanced stage of moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy occurs very quickly after diagnosis of mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The etiology of diabetic retinopathy is unclear, and present treatments have limited effectiveness. Currently diabetic retinopathy can only be diagnosed by a trained specialist, which reduces the population that can be examined. A screening biomarker of diabetic retinopathy with high sensitivity and specificity would aid considerably in identifying those individuals in need of clinical assessment and treatment. The majority of the studies reviewed identified specific microRNAs in blood serum/plasma able to distinguish diabetic patients with retinopathy from those without retinopathy and for the progresion of the disease from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In addition, certain microRNAs in vitreous humor were dysregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy compared to controls. A very high percentage of patients with diabetic retinopathy develop Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, identifying diabetic retinopathy by measurement of suitable biomarkers would also enable better screening and treatment of those individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada; Department of Physics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Li Q, Pang L, Yang W, Liu X, Su G, Dong Y. Long Non-Coding RNA of Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (LncRNA-MIAT) Promotes Diabetic Retinopathy by Upregulating Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9497-9503. [PMID: 30595603 PMCID: PMC6328291 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA of myocardial infarction associated transcript (lncRNA-MIAT) has a reported role in microvascular dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-MIAT and its effects on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling in patients with diabetic retinopathy and in ARPE-19 adult retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Material/Methods Study participants provided plasma samples and included patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=52), patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (n=63), and healthy controls (n=56). Plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT and TGF-β1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the plasma data, and the diagnostic relevance of plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT for diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, were cultured in high glucose with construction and transfection of a MIAT expression plasmid vector. Viability of ARPE-19 cells was detected by the MTT assay and Western blot measured the expression levels of TGF-β1. Results Plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT were significantly increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy and with healthy controls. ARPE-19 cells cultured in a high glucose environment showed reduced cell viability and upregulation of lncRNA-MIAT expression. Conclusions Increased plasma levels of lncRNA-MIAT were significantly associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, and increased expression of lncRNA-MIAT reduced the viability of ARPE-19 cells in vitro by upregulating TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Mazzeo A, Beltramo E, Lopatina T, Gai C, Trento M, Porta M. Molecular and functional characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and healthy subjects. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao X, Han Q, Gang X, Wang G. Altered brain metabolites in patients with diabetes mellitus and related complications - evidence from 1H MRS study. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180660. [PMID: 30104398 PMCID: PMC6127672 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been acknowledged as an important factor for brain disorders. Significant alterations in brain metabolism have been demonstrated during the development of DM and its complications. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), a cutting-edge technique used in biochemical analyses, non-invasively provides insights into altered brain metabolite levels in vivo This review aims to discuss current MRS data describing brain metabolite levels in DM patients with or without complications. Cerebral metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate, and glutamine were significantly altered in DM patients, suggesting that energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and lipid membrane metabolism might be disturbed during the progression of DM. Changes in brain metabolites may be non-invasive biomarkers for DM and DM-related complications. Different brain regions presented distinct metabolic signatures, indicating region-specific diabetic brain damages. In addition to serving as biomarkers, MRS data on brain metabolites can also shed light on diabetic treatment monitoring. For example, exercise may restore altered brain metabolite levels and has beneficial effects on cognition in DM patients. Future studies should validate the above findings in larger populations and uncover the mechanisms of DM-induced brain damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Larocca M, Di Marsico M, Riccio P, Rossano R. The in vitro antioxidant properties of Muscari comosumbulbs and their inhibitory activity on enzymes involved in inflammation, post-prandial hyperglycemia, and cognitive/neuromuscular functions. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences; University of Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences; University of Basilicata; Potenza Italy
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Simó-Servat O, Planas A, Ciudin A, Simó R, Hernández C. Assessment of advanced glycation end-products as a biomarker of diabetic outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 65:540-545. [PMID: 30077632 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are substantial differences in the onset and severity of diabetes complications that are not fully explained by HbA1c levels and other risk factors. HbA1c is the gold standard for assessing metabolic control, but has limited value to identify patients at risk of developing diabetic complications. The main disadvantage of HbA1c is that it does not provide information about glycemic variability and does not reflect long-term exposure to hyperglycemia. One of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic complications is the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Based on its fluorescence properties, AGEs may be measured in tissues such as the skin or lens. These non-invasive measurements of AGE accumulation may be considered as promising biomarkers of late diabetic complications, and our objective is to summarize the available evidence supporting this statement. However, further translational research and prospective clinical trials are needed before these new biomarkers may be incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Alejandra Planas
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
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Erdenen F, Güngel H, Altunoğlu E, Şak D, Müderrisoğlu C, Koro A, Akça Güler P, Hakan Sahin ME, Simsek G, Uzun H. Association of Plasma Pentraxin-3 Levels with Retinopathy and Systemic Factors in Diabetic Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:358-365. [PMID: 30036122 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is mainly caused by metabolic factors, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of DR with inflammatory and biochemical alterations in type 2 diabetics. METHODS A total of 89 diabetic patients with retinopathy [(DR (+) (n = 30)], without retinopathy [(DR (-) (n = 32)], and 27 control subjects were involved in the study. Demographic properties, biochemical values, ophtalmologic evaluation, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) levels were recorded. RESULTS There was significant difference between controls, DR (-) and DR (+) groups with regard to serum PTX-3 levels. Control group had the lowest and DR (+) group revealed the highest PTX-3 levels. Severity of retinopathy was not related with CRP or PTX-3 levels. Duration of diabetes was longer, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were significantly higher in DR (+) subjects than DR (-) subjects. Multivariate analysis revealed that PTX-3 level and SBP were the variables that had a significant effect on DR (P = 0.002, OR = 1.61, and P = 0.021, OR = 1.06, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plasma PTX-3 levels may be a valuable predictor of DR-like factors such as duration of diabetes, hypertension, and UACR. Although inflammation has an important role in DR, we think that biomarkers reflecting inflammation is not sufficient to predict development and progression of DR; but follow up with PTX-3 levels along with ophthalmological evaluation may be useful. A single determination may not reflect the variations over time, so repeat measures may provide knowledge if PTX-3 is just a biomarker or has a causal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Füsun Erdenen
- 1 Internal Medicine Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Güngel
- 2 Ophtalmology Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Altunoğlu
- 1 Internal Medicine Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Şak
- 1 Internal Medicine Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Müderrisoğlu
- 1 Internal Medicine Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atakan Koro
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Akça Güler
- 2 Ophtalmology Clinic, lstanbul Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gonul Simsek
- 4 Department of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Platania CBM, Fidilio A, Lazzara F, Piazza C, Geraci F, Giurdanella G, Leggio GM, Salomone S, Drago F, Bucolo C. Retinal Protection and Distribution of Curcumin in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:670. [PMID: 30013474 PMCID: PMC6036289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a secondary complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness accounting for 5% of world blindness cases in working age. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered causes of DR. Curcumin, a product with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is currently proposed as oral supplementation therapy for retinal degenerative diseases, including DR. In this study we predicted the pharmacodynamic profile of curcumin through an in silico approach. Furthermore, we tested the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin on human retinal pigmented epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress, human retinal endothelial and human retinal pericytes (HRPCs) cultured with high glucose. Because currently marketed curcumin nutraceutical products have not been so far evaluated for their ocular bioavailability; we assessed retinal distribution of curcumin, following oral administration, in rabbit eye. Curcumin (10 μM) decreased significantly (p < 0.01) ROS concentration and TNF-α release in retinal pigmented epithelial cells and retinal endothelial cells, respectively. The same curcumin concentration significantly (p < 0.01) protected retinal pericytes from high glucose damage as assessed by cell viability and LDH release. Among the tested formulations, only that containing a hydrophilic carrier provided therapeutic levels of curcumin in rabbit retina. In conclusion, our data suggest that curcumin, when properly formulated, may be of value in clinical practice to manage retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara B M Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology - CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology - CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology - CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology - CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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48
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Rodríguez González-Herrero ME, Ruiz M, López Román FJ, Marín Sánchez JM, Domingo JC. Supplementation with a highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid plus xanthophyll carotenoid multivitamin in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: prospective controlled study of macular function by fundus microperimetry. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1011-1020. [PMID: 29881256 PMCID: PMC5983010 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s157635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is little evidence of real-life outcomes of dietary supplementation with high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We assessed the effect of supplementation with DHA triglyceride (1,050 mg/d) + xanthophyll carotenoid multivitamin on macular function in nonproliferative DR. Methods Asymptomatic patients with nonproliferative DR were included in a prospective controlled study and assigned (1:1) to the DHA supplementation group or the control group. Macular sensitivity and macular integrity area were the main outcome measures. Functional vision measures (macular function [MAIA™ CenterVue], best-corrected visual acuity), structural retinal measures (central subfield macular thickness), and biochemical parameters (plasma total antioxidant capacity, DHA content of the erythrocyte membrane, and plasma IL-6) were evaluated at baseline and after 45 and 90 days of DHA supplementation. Results The study included 24 patients (48 eyes) (12 patients, 24 eyes in each group). Baseline clinical characteristics of patients in both groups were similar. Macular sensitivity increased from a mean (SD) of 25.9 (2.4) dB at baseline to 27.3 (2.3) dB at 90 days (P=0.030) in the DHA group only (between-group differences P<0.19). The macular integrity index decreased from 71.2 (33.2) at baseline to 63.5 (36.4) at 45 days and to 51.6 (35.9) at 90 days (P=0.002) in the DHA group only (between-group differences P<0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity and central subfield macular thickness did not vary significantly in any of the comparisons and in none of the groups. DHA content of erythrocyte membrane and total antioxidant capacity levels increased significantly only in the DHA group. Plasma IL-6 levels decreased significantly only in the DHA group. Conclusion In an early stage of DR, supplementation with high-dose DHA plus xanthophyll carotenoid multivitamin during 90 days was associated with a progressive and significant improvement of macular function measured by microperimetry. Biochemical changes supported the effect of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Ruiz
- Service of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Piek A, Du W, de Boer RA, Silljé HHW. Novel heart failure biomarkers: why do we fail to exploit their potential? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55:246-263. [PMID: 29663841 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1460576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasma biomarkers are useful tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). In the last decade, numerous studies have aimed to identify novel HF biomarkers that would provide superior and/or additional diagnostic, prognostic, or stratification utility. Although numerous biomarkers have been identified, their implementation in clinical practice has so far remained largely unsuccessful. Whereas cardiac-specific biomarkers, including natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) and high sensitivity troponins (hsTn), are widely used in clinical practice, other biomarkers have not yet proven their utility. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) are the only novel HF biomarkers that are included in the ACC/AHA HF guidelines, but their clinical utility still needs to be demonstrated. In this review, we will describe natriuretic peptides, hsTn, and novel HF biomarkers, including Gal-3, sST2, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7), heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), soluble CD146 (sCD146), interleukin-6 (IL-6), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), procalcitonin (PCT), adrenomedullin (ADM), microRNAs (miRNAs), and metabolites like 5-oxoproline. We will discuss the biology of these HF biomarkers and conclude that most of them are markers of general pathological processes like fibrosis, cell death, and inflammation, and are not cardiac- or HF-specific. These characteristics explain to a large degree why it has been difficult to relate these biomarkers to a single disease. We propose that, in addition to clinical investigations, it will be pivotal to perform comprehensive preclinical biomarker investigations in animal models of HF in order to fully reveal the potential of these novel HF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Piek
- a Department of Cardiology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Weijie Du
- a Department of Cardiology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- a Department of Cardiology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- a Department of Cardiology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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50
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Lv J, Chen MM, Mu ZH, Wang F, Qian ZY, Zhou L, Guo QT, Zhao ZM, Pan YP, Liao XY, Yang ZH, Cai N, Li SD, Zou YY. Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in Adult Rats with Experimentally Induced Diabetes in the Early Stage. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9216791. [PMID: 29977927 PMCID: PMC5994287 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9216791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness, yet its treatment is very limited. Anti-VEGF drug has been widely applied in ocular disease, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy and the underlying mechanism have remained to be fully explored. To elucidate the role of anti-VEGF treatment, we sought to determine the effects of bevacizumab on diabetic neurovascular changes extending from the 3rd to 9th week with induced diabetes in adult rats. The retinal neurovascular changes included increased expression of VEGF, nNOS, iNOS, eNOS, and NO in the course of diabetes progression. In diabetic rats given bevacizumab injection, the ganglion cell loss and alterations of retinal thickness were ameliorated. In this connection, the immunofluorescence labeling of the above biomarkers was noticeably decreased. Along with this, Western blotting confirmed that bevacizumab treatment was associated with a decrease of VEGF, Flk-1, and cAMP response element binding and protein kinase C protein expression. The present results suggest that bevacizumab treatment in the early stage of the retinopathy may ameliorate the lesions of retinopathy, in which VEGF/Flk-1 signaling has been shown here to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Mu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Qian
- Department of Morphological Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine of Yunnan Province, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu-Ping Pan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ning Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shu-De Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming 650500, China
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