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Baumel-Alterzon S, Katz LS, Lambertini L, Tse I, Heidery F, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. NRF2 is required for neonatal mouse beta cell growth by maintaining redox balance and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Diabetologia 2024; 67:547-560. [PMID: 38206362 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS All forms of diabetes result from insufficient functional beta cell mass. Due to the relatively limited expression of several antioxidant enzymes, beta cells are highly vulnerable to pathological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to the reduction of functional beta cell mass. During early postnatal ages, both human and rodent beta cells go through a burst of proliferation that quickly declines with age. The exact mechanisms that account for neonatal beta cell proliferation are understudied but mitochondrial release of moderated ROS levels has been suggested as one of the main drivers. We previously showed that, apart from its conventional role in protecting beta cells from oxidative stress, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is also essential for beta cell proliferation. We therefore hypothesised that NRF2, which is activated by ROS, plays an essential role in beta cell proliferation at early postnatal ages. METHODS Beta cell NRF2 levels and beta cell proliferation were measured in pancreatic sections from non-diabetic human cadaveric donors at different postnatal ages, childhood and adulthood. Pancreatic sections from 1-, 7-, 14- and 28-day-old beta cell-specific Nrf2 (also known as Nfe2l2)-knockout mice (βNrf2KO) or control (Nrf2lox/lox) mice were assessed for beta cell NRF2 levels, beta cell proliferation, beta cell oxidative stress, beta cell death, nuclear beta cell pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein 1 (PDX1) levels and beta cell mass. Seven-day-old βNrf2KO and Nrf2lox/lox mice were injected daily with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or saline (154 mmol/l NaCl) to explore the potential contribution of oxidative stress to the phenotypes seen in βNrf2KO mice at early postnatal ages. RNA-seq was performed on 7-day-old βNrf2KO and Nrf2lox/lox mice to investigate the mechanisms by which NRF2 stimulates beta cell proliferation at early postnatal ages. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function were determined using dispersed islets from 7-day-old βNrf2KO and Nrf2lox/lox mice by measuring MitoTracker intensity, mtDNA/gDNA ratio and ATP/ADP ratio. To study the effect of neonatal beta cell-specific Nrf2 deletion on glucose homeostasis in adulthood, blood glucose, plasma insulin and insulin secretion were determined and a GTT was performed on 3-month-old βNrf2KO and Nrf2lox/lox mice fed on regular diet (RD) or high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS The expression of the master antioxidant regulator NRF2 was increased at early postnatal ages in both human (1 day to 19 months old, 31%) and mouse (7 days old, 57%) beta cells, and gradually declined with age (8% in adult humans, 3.77% in adult mice). A significant correlation (R2=0.568; p=0.001) was found between beta cell proliferation and NRF2 levels in human beta cells. Seven-day-old βNrf2KO mice showed reduced beta cell proliferation (by 65%), beta cell nuclear PDX1 levels (by 23%) and beta cell mass (by 67%), and increased beta cell oxidative stress (threefold) and beta cell death compared with Nrf2lox/lox control mice. NAC injections increased beta cell proliferation in 7-day-old βNrf2KO mice (3.4-fold) compared with saline-injected βNrf2KO mice. Interestingly, RNA-seq of islets isolated from 7-day-old βNrf2KO mice revealed reduced expression of mitochondrial RNA genes and genes involved in the electron transport chain. Islets isolated from 7-day old βNrf2KO mice presented reduced MitoTracker intensity (by 47%), mtDNA/gDNA ratio (by 75%) and ATP/ADP ratio (by 68%) compared with islets from Nrf2lox/lox littermates. Lastly, HFD-fed 3-month-old βNrf2KO male mice displayed a significant reduction in beta cell mass (by 35%), a mild increase in non-fasting blood glucose (1.2-fold), decreased plasma insulin (by 14%), and reduced glucose tolerance (1.3-fold) compared with HFD-fed Nrf2lox/lox mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study highlights NRF2 as an essential transcription factor for maintaining neonatal redox balance, mitochondrial biogenesis and function and beta cell growth, and for preserving functional beta cell mass in adulthood under metabolic stress. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequencing data are available in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, accession number GSE242718 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE242718 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Tse
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatema Heidery
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Baumel-Alterzon S, Tse I, Heidery F, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. NRF2 Dysregulation in Mice Leads to Inadequate Beta-Cell Mass Expansion during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555207. [PMID: 37693560 PMCID: PMC10491153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The late stages of the mammalian pregnancy are accompanied with increased insulin resistance due to the increased glucose demand of the growing fetus. Therefore, as a compensatory response to maintain the maternal normal blood glucose levels, maternal beta-cell mass expands leading to increased insulin release. Defects in beta-cell adaptive expansion during pregnancy can lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although the exact mechanisms that promote GDM are poorly understood, GDM strongly associates with impaired beta-cell proliferation and with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that NRF2 levels are upregulated in mouse beta-cells at gestation day 15 (GD15) concomitant with increased beta-cell proliferation. Importantly, mice with tamoxifen-induced beta-cell-specific NRF2 deletion display inhibition of beta-cell proliferation, increased beta-cell oxidative stress and elevated levels of beta-cell death at GD15. This results in attenuated beta-cell mass expansion and disturbed glucose homeostasis towards the end of pregnancy. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of NRF2-oxidative stress regulation in beta-cell mass adaptation to pregnancy and suggest NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for treating GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Tse
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fatema Heidery
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Gómez-García EF, Cortés-Sanabria L, Cueto-Manzano AM, Vidal-Martínez MA, Medina-Zavala RS, López-Leal J, Rentería-Padilla J, Mendoza-Carrera F. Association of Variants of the NFE2L2 Gene with Metabolic and Kidney Function Parameters in Patients with Diabetes and/or Hypertension. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:382-390. [PMID: 35881855 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high blood pressure (HBP) are the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Relationships between variants within the NFE2L2 gene and the presence of risk factors for CKD, such as HBP and hyperglycemia, have been suggested; however, their role on kidney parameters remains unclear. Aim: To analyze the association of NFE2L2 variants with metabolic and kidney parameters. Materials and Methods: Six-hundred and fifty-one patients grouped according to the diagnosis of T2DM (n = 166), T2DM+HBP (n = 348), and HBP (n = 137) were included. Metabolic characteristics were evaluated to identify risk factors and presence of CKD. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled to confronting two pair primers for rs35652124 and rs6721961 and by real-time PCR for rs2364723. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted by confounding factors and correction for multiple tests, were performed. Results: Significant associations of rs35652124 (allele A) and rs2364723 (allele G) variants with low risk for presenting CKD were detected. Other variables consistently associated with these alleles were HBP, body mass index, waist circumference, uric acid, and triglycerides. Haplotypes AAC and GCG (loci order: rs35652124-rs6721961-rs2364723) showed similar trends. After adjustment for age and sex and correction for multiple tests, only rs35652124 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5; confidence interval at 95% (CI95%), 0.3-0.9; p = 0.04) and rs2364723 (OR = 0.3; CI95%, 0.1-0.8; p = 0.009) variants remained associated with low risk for CKD in T2DM patients. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that NFE2L2 variants were associated with low risk for CKD and with some traits related to kidney damage, such as HBP, hyperuricemia, and albuminuria, in Mexican patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fabiola Gómez-García
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico.,División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Laura Cortés-Sanabria
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Martín Cueto-Manzano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Midori Ariana Vidal-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Susana Medina-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge López-Leal
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Josué Rentería-Padilla
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Baumel-Alterzon S, Katz LS, Brill G, Jean-Pierre C, Li Y, Tse I, Biswal S, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. Nrf2 Regulates β-Cell Mass by Suppressing β-Cell Death and Promoting β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2022; 71:989-1011. [PMID: 35192689 PMCID: PMC9044139 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Finding therapies that can protect and expand functional β-cell mass is a major goal of diabetes research. Here, we generated β-cell-specific conditional knockout and gain-of-function mouse models and used human islet transplant experiments to examine how manipulating Nrf2 levels affects β-cell survival, proliferation, and mass. Depletion of Nrf2 in β-cells results in decreased glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation ex vivo and decreased adaptive β-cell proliferation and β-cell mass expansion after a high-fat diet in vivo. Nrf2 protects β-cells from apoptosis after a high-fat diet. Nrf2 loss of function decreases Pdx1 abundance and insulin content. Activating Nrf2 in a β-cell-specific manner increases β-cell proliferation and mass and improves glucose tolerance. Human islets transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice and treated systemically with bardoxolone methyl, an Nrf2 activator, display increased β-cell proliferation. Thus, by managing reactive oxygen species levels, Nrf2 regulates β-cell mass and is an exciting therapeutic target for expanding and protecting β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Liora S. Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Clairete Jean-Pierre
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Isabelle Tse
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Corresponding author: Donald K. Scott,
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5
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Zazueta C, Jimenez-Uribe AP, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Buelna-Chontal M. Genetic Variations on Redox Control in Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Role of Nrf2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030507. [PMID: 35326157 PMCID: PMC8944632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of multiple cytoprotective genes that maintain redox homeostasis and exert anti-inflammatory functions. The Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway is a paramount target of many cardioprotective strategies, because redox homeostasis is essential in cardiovascular health. Nrf2 gene variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and drug responses. SNPs of Nrf2, KEAP1, and other related genes can impair the transcriptional activation or the activity of the resulting protein, exerting differential susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease progression and prevalence. Further understanding of the implications of Nrf2 polymorphisms on basic cellular processes involved in cardiometabolic diseases progression and prevalence will be helpful to establish more accurate protective strategies. This review provides insight into the association between the polymorphisms of Nrf2-related genes with cardiometabolic diseases. We also briefly describe that SNPs of Nrf2-related genes are potential modifiers of the pharmacokinetics that contribute to the inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zazueta
- Departmento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I.Ch., Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alexis Paulina Jimenez-Uribe
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.P.J.-U.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.P.J.-U.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departmento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I.Ch., Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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Salama A, Mansour D, Hegazy R. The cardio and renoprotective role of ginseng against epinephrine-induced myocardial infarction in rats: Involvement of angiotensin II type 1 receptor/protein kinase C. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:908-919. [PMID: 33996504 PMCID: PMC8099916 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine induced MI with renal complication through Nrf2/NF-κB imbalance and PKC/AT1R. Ginseng abolished ECG changes induced by epinephrine and stimulated Nrf2. Ginseng reduced upregulation of PKC, NF-κB, and AT1R induced by epinephrine. Ginseng inhibited iNOS and corrected renal disorder in epinephrine model of MI.
The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor)/protein kinase C (PKC) in heart tissues has a vital role in myocardial infarction (MI). The current work aimed to clarify the renal complication enhanced by MI following epinephrine injection via AT1 receptor/ PKC expression; in addition, the impact of ginseng extract on epinephrine-induced MI and its renal complication was assessed. Adult male albino Wistar rats were pretreated orally with ginseng extract (200 & 400 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, then two successive doses of epinephrine injection (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Epinephrine evoked electrocardiographic (ECG) and renal changes accompanied with a significant increase in heart and kidney contents of malodialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), protein kinase C (PKC), heart contents of nuclear factor-kabba B (NF-κB) and angiotensin 1receptor (AT1R), as well as a decrease in heart and kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) contents. In histopathological investigations epinephrine exhibited deleterious heart changes in the form of acute MI with the presence of necrosis of cardiomyocytes with iNOS expression and produced glomerulus and renal tubules degeneration. Pretreatment of rats with ginseng extract in both doses significantly corrected epinephrine-induced heart and renal changes. The current work revealed that epinephrine-induced MI associated with aggravated renal complication and ginseng extract has cardio and reno protective role against this as it reduces infarct size, preserves cardiac and renal tissues and functions through activating Nrf2 and down-regulating NF-κB, PKC, AT1R and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hegazy
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang J, Yu M, Chen J, Zhu L, Liu J, Xu J. Association of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Actor 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Nephropathy in Chinese Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1231-1237. [PMID: 33854365 PMCID: PMC8039206 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has emerged as a therapeutic target in many diseases. To explore this further, we evaluated the relationships between the -617C/A (rs6721961) polymorphisms within the NRF2 promoter and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 883 subjects with T2DM (500 without and 383 with DN) were enrolled in this study. Multivariable linear regression models were carried out to assess the association of DN with the -617C/A (rs6721961) polymorphisms. Results The AA genotype frequencies in patients with DN were significantly lower than those in patients without DN (χ2 = 8.04, p = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that individuals with the AA genotype had a significantly lower risk for DN (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.28, 0.94; p = 0.029) than those with the CC genotype. Moreover, AA carriers had a significantly lower risk of DN (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26, 0.82; p = 0.009) relative to those with the CC + CA genotype, even after adjusting for known DN risk factors. Conclusion Our study indicated that the -617C/A polymorphism within the NRF2 promoter was significantly associated with DN in Chinese Han patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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Zuo Y, Chen L, He X, Ye Z, Li L, Liu Z, Zhou S. Atorvastatin Regulates MALAT1/miR-200c/NRF2 Activity to Protect Against Podocyte Pyroptosis Induced by High Glucose. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1631-1645. [PMID: 33880049 PMCID: PMC8053520 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s298950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which leads to the long-term loss of kidney functions. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) can alleviate DN by interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs). In this work, we aimed to explore the effects of the MALAT1/miR-200c/NRF2 regulatory axis on the pyroptosis and oxidative stress (Oxidative stress, OS) of renal podocytes in high glucose (HG) environment and whether the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin (AT) can relieve renal OS through this approach. METHODS MPC-5, a mouse podocyte cell line, was induced by HG as a cell model. The protein expressions of caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, NRF2, etc. were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the mRNA level of caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, NRF2, MALAT1, miR-200c was tested by qRT-PCR. The cell pyroptosis of podocytes treated with AT was verified by CCK-8 or flow cytometry. The levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were measured by spectrophotometer, respectively. RESULTS The caspase-1 was upregulated in time-dependent manner and got the peak at 48 h and 30 mmol/L respectively in MPC-5 cells treated with HG. Further, the expression of GSDMD, MALAT1 and miR-200c were increased, while the level of NRF2, HO-1, OS-related indicators, were decreased simultaneously. Knockdown the MALAT1 protected MPC-5 cells from pyroptosis and OS induced by HG. However, overexpressing miR-200c in control-group cells increased pyroptosis and upregulated the OS level with HG culture medium. Further, atorvastatin protected MPC-5 cells from cell pyroptosis and downregulated the level of renal OS via attenuating the expression of MALAT1 and miR-200c. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin protects podocyte cells via MALAT1/miR-200c/NRF2 signal pathway from pyroptosis and OS induced by HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suxian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Suxian Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, People’s Republic of China Email
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10
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Baumel-Alterzon S, Katz LS, Brill G, Garcia-Ocaña A, Scott DK. Nrf2: The Master and Captain of Beta Cell Fate. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:7-19. [PMID: 33243626 PMCID: PMC7746592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia is toxic to pancreatic β cells, generating excessive reactive oxygen species, defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, decreased insulin production, and eventually β cell death and diabetes. Nrf2 is a master regulator of cellular responses to counteract dangerous levels of oxidative stress. Maintenance of β cell mass depends on Nrf2 to promote the survival, function, and proliferation of β cells. Indeed, Nrf2 activation decreases inflammation, increases insulin sensitivity, reduces body weight, and preserves β cell mass. Therefore, numerous pharmacological activators of Nrf2 are being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Modulating Nrf2 activity in β cells is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel Brill
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
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12
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Hariharan P, Chavan V, Nadkarni A. Significance of heme oxygenase-1(HMOX1) gene on fetal hemoglobin induction in sickle cell anemia patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18506. [PMID: 33116199 PMCID: PMC7595119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) inherit same genetic mutation, they show considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. It has been observed that patients with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels have a relatively mild clinical course. There is sparse literature on the association of higher HbF levels leading to reduction in the oxidative stress in SCA patients. Hence in this study, the significance between the HMOX1 gene polymorphisms and the HbF levels has been studied. Preliminary screening was carried out. Genotyping of 3 variants in the HMOX1 gene was performed in 90 SCA patients and 50 healthy controls by PCR–RFLP, GeneScan and direct DNA sequencing. It was observed that SCA patients with higher HbF levels, showed improved hematological indices with an inverse effect on HbS levels. The TT genotype of rs2071746 (A→T) polymorphism was found to be associated with elevated HbF levels (P: 0.012). Also, the long form (> 25 GT repeats) of rs3074372 (GT)n repeats was found to be linked with increased HbF levels. We could not find any association of rs2071749 (A→G) polymorphism with the HbF levels. As, the sickle cell anemia patients show significant oxidative stress due to hemolysis, the study of polymorphisms in the HMOX1 gene may act as a potential independent marker for elevated HbF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Hariharan
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrushali Chavan
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Nadkarni
- Department of Haematogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India.
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13
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Jiang M, Li D, Piao J, Li J, Sun H, Chen L, Chen S, Pi J, Zhang R, Chen R, Leng S, Chen W, Zheng Y. Real-ambient exposure to air pollution exaggerates excessive growth of adipose tissue modulated by Nrf2 signal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138652. [PMID: 32416500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was becoming a global threat to the public health, which was primarily mediated by PM2.5 induced cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. Recently, observational epidemiologic studies proposed the link between PM2.5 and obesity. Consistently, the link was also supported by limited animal researches. However, the potential mechanism mediating the harmful effects of PM2.5 was still elusive. In this study, we applied the "real-ambient exposure" system to conduct the experiments, which was closer to the status of ambient air pollution compared with the method of intratracheal instillation and concentrated air particles (CAPs) exposure system. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was previously reported to protect against inflammation and oxidative stress when exposed to PM2.5. Here, we reported that Nrf2-/- mice developed overgrowth of adipose tissue after "real-ambient exposure" to PM2.5, compared to filtered air (FA) group. Consistently, compared to FA group, adipocytes from subcutaneous (sWAT) and gonadal (gWAT) white adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice exhibited enlarged cell size in PM2.5 exposure group. Furthermore, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also altered statistically in PM2.5 exposure group. Importantly, when the expression of lipogenic enzymes was analyzed, the levels of the related specific genes in adipose tissue and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were altered in PM2.5 exposure group. Interestingly, the key transcription factors modulating expression of lipogenic enzymes in liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also found altered in PM2.5 exposure group, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα, PPARγ). Taken together, our study mimicked the status of ambient air pollution, revealed new insights into the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure, provided new link between air pollution and overgrowth of adipose tissue, and supported the vital role of Nrf2 in mediating the side effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Lee DH, Chang SH, Yang DK, Song NJ, Yun UJ, Park KW. Sesamol Increases Ucp1 Expression in White Adipose Tissues and Stimulates Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051459. [PMID: 32443555 PMCID: PMC7284577 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamol found in sesame oil has been shown to ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism. However, its effects on energy expenditure and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we show that sesamol increased the uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in adipocytes. The administration of sesamol in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice prevented weight gain and improved metabolic derangements. The three-week sesamol treatment of HFD-fed mice, when the body weights were not different between the sesamol and control groups, increased energy expenditure, suggesting that an induced energy expenditure is a primary contributing factor for sesamol’s anti-obese effects. Consistently, sesamol induced the expression of energy-dissipating thermogenic genes, including Ucp1, in white adipose tissues. The microarray analysis showed that sesamol dramatically increased the Nrf2 target genes such as Hmox1 and Atf3 in adipocytes. Moreover, 76% (60/79 genes) of the sesamol-induced genes were also regulated by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a known Nrf2 activator. We further verified that sesamol directly activated the Nrf2-mediated transcription. In addition, the Hmox1 and Ucp1 induction by sesamol was compromised in Nrf2-deleted cells, indicating the necessity of Nrf2 in the sesamol-mediated Ucp1 induction. Together, these findings demonstrate the effects of sesamol in inducing Ucp1 and in increasing energy expenditure, further highlighting the use of the Nrf2 activation in stimulating thermogenic adipocytes and in increasing energy expenditure in obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea;
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (D.H.L.); (S.-H.C.); (N.-J.S.); (U.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-031-290-7804; Fax: +82-031-290-7882
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15
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Adelusi TI, Du L, Hao M, Zhou X, Xuan Q, Apu C, Sun Y, Lu Q, Yin X. Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling unfolds therapeutic targets for redox imbalanced-mediated diseases and diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109732. [PMID: 31945695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress has been implicated in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications while the components of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling are being exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment/management of these pathologies. Antioxidant agents like drugs, nutraceuticals and pure compounds that target the proteins of this pathway and their downstream genes hold the therapeutic strength to put the progression of this disease at bay. Here, we elucidate how the modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE had been exploited for the treatment/management of end-stage diabetic kidney complication (diabetic nephropathy) by looking into (1) Nrf2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation by some protein kinases at specific amino acid sequences and (2) Keap1 downregulation/Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein inhibition (PPI) as potential therapeutic mechanisms exploited by Nrf2 activators for the modulation of diabetic nephropathy biomarkers (Collagen IV, Laminin, TGF-β1 and Fibronectin) that ultimately lead to the amelioration of this disease progression. Furthermore, we brought to limelight the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE and finally elucidate how the modulation of this signaling pathway could be further explored to create novel therapeutic milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chowdhury Apu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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16
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Matana A, Ziros PG, Chartoumpekis DV, Renaud CO, Polašek O, Hayward C, Zemunik T, Sykiotis GP. Rare and common genetic variations in the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway impact thyroglobulin gene expression and circulating levels, respectively. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 173:113605. [PMID: 31421134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that has been gaining attention in the field of pharmacology and especially in the chemoprevention of diseases such as cancer, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. This is because natural compounds such as sulforaphane, which is found in broccoli sprout extracts, can activate Nrf2. The repertoire of the roles of Nrf2 is ever increasing; besides its traditional antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, Nrf2 can have other functions as a transcription factor. We have recently shown that Nrf2 directly regulates the expression of thyroglobulin (Tg), which is the most abundant thyroidal protein and the precursor of thyroid hormones. Two functional binding sites for Nrf2 (antioxidant response elements, AREs) were identified in the regulatory region of the TG gene. Interestingly, we then observed that one of these AREs harbors a rare single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Also recently, we performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for common SNPs that impact the circulating levels of Tg. Based on these investigations, we were triggered (i) to investigate whether common SNPs in the Nrf2 pathway correlate with circulating Tg levels; and (ii) to examine whether the rare SNP in one of the TG regulatory AREs may affect gene expression. To address the first question, we analyzed GWAS data from a general population and its two subpopulations, one with thyroid disease and/or abnormal thyroid function tests and the other without, in which circulating Tg levels had been measured. Statistically significant associations with Tg levels were observed in the genes encoding Nrf2 and Keap1, including, notably, a known functional SNP in the promoter of the gene encoding Nrf2. Regarding the rare SNP (rs778940395) in the proximal ARE of the TG enhancer, luciferase reporter gene expression studies in PCCL3 rat thyroid follicular cells showed that this SNP abrogated the basal and sulforaphane- or TSH-induced luciferase activity, behaving as a complete loss-of-function mutation. Thus, both rare and common genetic variation in the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway can impact TG expression and Tg circulating levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Cedric O Renaud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia.
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Matzinger M, Fischhuber K, Heiss EH. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1738-1767. [PMID: 29289692 PMCID: PMC5967606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached pandemic proportions and effective prevention strategies are wanted. Its onset is accompanied by cellular distress, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor boosting cytoprotective responses, and many phytochemicals activate Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 activation by natural products could presumably alleviate DM. We summarize function, regulation and exogenous activation of Nrf2, as well as diabetes-linked and Nrf2-susceptible forms of cellular stress. The reported amelioration of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications by activated Nrf2 as well as the status quo of Nrf2 in precision medicine for DM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Matzinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischhuber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Tinkov AA, Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Holmgren A, Skalnaya MG, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. The role of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in the metabolic syndrome: towards a possible prognostic marker? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1567-1586. [PMID: 29327078 PMCID: PMC11105605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with three existing isoenzymes (TrxR1, TrxR2, and TrxR3), which is found primarily intracellularly but also in extracellular fluids. The main substrate thioredoxin (Trx) is similarly found (as Trx1 and Trx2) in various intracellular compartments, in blood plasma, and is the cell's major disulfide reductase. Thioredoxin reductase is necessary as a NADPH-dependent reducing agent in biochemical reactions involving Trx. Genetic and environmental factors like selenium status influence the activity of TrxR. Research shows that the Trx/TrxR system plays a significant role in the physiology of the adipose tissue, in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production and sensitivity, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, chemotactic activity of macrophages, and atherogenesis. Based on recent research, it has been reported that the modulation of the Trx/TrxR system may be considered as a new target in the management of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review evidence about a possible role of this system as a marker of the metabolic syndrome is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
- Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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19
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Abstract
The NFE2L2 gene encodes the transcription factor Nrf2 best known for regulating the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Gene knockout approaches have demonstrated its universal cytoprotective features. While Nrf2 has been the topic of intensive research in cancer biology since its discovery in 1994, understanding the role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular disease has just begun. The literature concerning Nrf2 in experimental models of atherosclerosis, ischemia, reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and diabetes supports its cardiac protective character. In addition to antioxidant and detoxification genes, Nrf2 has been found to regulate genes participating in cell signaling, transcription, anabolic metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and organ development, suggesting that Nrf2 governs damage resistance as well as wound repair and tissue remodeling. A long list of small molecules, most derived from natural products, have been characterized as Nrf2 inducers. These compounds disrupt Keap1-mediated Nrf2 ubquitination, thereby prohibiting proteasomal degradation and allowing Nrf2 protein to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus, where Nrf2 interacts with sMaf to bind to ARE in the promoter of genes. Recently alternative mechanisms driving Nrf2 protein increase have been revealed, including removal of Keap1 by autophagy due to p62/SQSTM1 binding, inhibition of βTrCP or Synoviolin/Hrd1-mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2, and de novo Nrf2 protein translation. We review here a large volume of literature reporting historical and recent discoveries about the function and regulation of Nrf2 gene. Multiple lines of evidence presented here support the potential of dialing up the Nrf2 pathway for cardiac protection in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anthony J Maltagliati
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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20
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Corrigendum to "Association of Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2, Thioredoxin Interacting Protein, and Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetes and Obesity in Mexican Patients". OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28642813 PMCID: PMC5468567 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7543194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/7367641.].
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21
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García-Chapa EG, Leal-Ugarte E, Peralta-Leal V, Durán-González J, Meza-Espinoza JP. Genetic Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Mestizos. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3937893. [PMID: 28607931 PMCID: PMC5451767 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3937893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There are currently about 415 million people with diabetes worldwide, a figure likely to increase to 642 million by 2040. In 2015, Mexico was the second Latin American country and sixth in the world in prevalence of this disorder with nearly 11.5 million of patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the main kind of diabetes and its etiology is complex with environmental and genetic factors involved. Indeed, polymorphisms in several genes have been associated with this disease worldwide. To estimate the genetic epidemiology of T2D in Mexican mestizos a systematic bibliographic search of published articles through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted. Just case-control studies of candidate genes about T2D in Mexican mestizo inhabitants were included. Nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were found. In total, 68 polymorphisms of 41 genes were assessed; 26 of them were associated with T2D risk, which were located in ABCA1, ADRB3, CAPN10, CDC123/CAMK1D, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B, CRP, ELMO1, FTO, HHEX, IGF2BP2, IRS1, JAZF1, KCNQ1, LOC387761, LTA, NXPH1, SIRT1, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, and TNF-α genes. Overall, 21 of the 41 analyzed genes were associated with T2D in Mexican mestizos. Such a genetic heterogeneity compares with findings in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiralí Guadalupe García-Chapa
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Sendero Nacional Km 3, Col. San José, Matamoros, TAMPS, 87349, Mexico
| | - Evelia Leal-Ugarte
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Sendero Nacional Km 3, Col. San José, Matamoros, TAMPS, 87349, Mexico
| | - Valeria Peralta-Leal
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Sendero Nacional Km 3, Col. San José, Matamoros, TAMPS, 87349, Mexico
| | - Jorge Durán-González
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Sendero Nacional Km 3, Col. San José, Matamoros, TAMPS, 87349, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Meza-Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Sendero Nacional Km 3, Col. San José, Matamoros, TAMPS, 87349, Mexico
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David JA, Rifkin WJ, Rabbani PS, Ceradini DJ. The Nrf2/Keap1/ARE Pathway and Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:4826724. [PMID: 28913364 PMCID: PMC5585663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4826724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in awareness and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM), this disease remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and prevalence continues to rise. Oxidative damage caused by free radicals has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of TIIDM and its complications. Only recently, however, has the role of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE master antioxidant pathway in diabetic dysfunction begun to be elucidated. There is accumulating evidence that this pathway is implicated in diabetic damage to the pancreas, heart, and skin, among other cell types and tissues. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown promising results suggesting that activation of this pathway can delay or reverse some of these impairments in TIIDM. In this review, we outline the role of oxidative damage and the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway in TIIDM, focusing on current and future efforts to utilize this relationship as a therapeutic target for prevention, prognosis, and treatment of TIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. David
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William J. Rifkin
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Piul S. Rabbani
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel J. Ceradini
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
- *Daniel J. Ceradini:
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Adam M, Imboden M, Schaffner E, Boes E, Kronenberg F, Pons M, Bettschart R, Barthelemy JC, Schindler C, Probst-Hensch N. The adverse impact of obesity on heart rate variability is modified by a NFE2L2 gene variant: The SAPALDIA cohort. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:341-346. [PMID: 27866025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight has been associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and with an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, such as a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). In this study we aimed to investigate the modifying effect of a genetic variation in a major anti-inflammatory marker gene, NFE2L2, on the relationship between overweight and HRV. METHODS We analyzed participants of the SAPALDIA cohort aged 50years and older, twice in 2002/2003 (N=1472) and 2010/2011 (N=1235). We included persons with valid genotype data, who underwent ambulatory 24-h electrocardiogram monitoring, and reported on medical history and lifestyle. The association between HRV and BMI, measured as standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) by BMI and the modifying effect of the cardiovascular health-related NFE2L2 gene variant rs2364723 were tested, applying multivariable mixed linear regression models. RESULTS We found study participants with overweight (BMI>25) over two follow-up surveys 10years apart to have a negative association between SDNN, calculated as geometric means, with BMI. The examined NFE2L2 variant sustainably modified (pinteraction=0.014) the found inverse association between a BMI increment and SDNN, causing a stronger decrement in SDNN for participants with the CC genotype (-20.7%; 95%-confidence interval: -12.33 to -28.28) compared with participants carrying the GC (-7.43; 95%CI: -3.56 to -11.15) or GG (-11.26%; 95%CI: -7.68 to -14.7) genotype, estimated for the difference from the 90th to the 10th percentile of BMI by the NFE2L2 variant. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that overweight decreases heart rate variability through inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Adam
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Boes
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marco Pons
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | | | - Jean-Claude Barthelemy
- Laboratory SNA-EPIS EA4607, Department of Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, PRES Lyon, France.
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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