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Castiglioni L, Gelosa P, Muluhie M, Mercuriali B, Rzemieniec J, Gotti M, Fiordaliso F, Busca G, Sironi L. Fenofibrate reduces cardiac remodeling by mitochondrial dynamics preservation in a renovascular model of cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176767. [PMID: 38909934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist clinically used to lower serum lipid levels, reduces cardiac remodeling and improves cardiac function. However, its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. In this study we examined the effect of fenofibrate on mitochondria in a rat model of renovascular hypertension, focusing on mediators controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Rats with two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertension were treated with fenofibrate 150 mg/kg/day (2K1C-FFB) or vehicle (2K1C-VEH) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac functional were in-vivo assessed, while cardiomyocyte size and protein expression of mediators of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dynamics were ex-vivo examined by histological and Western blot analyses. Fenofibrate treatment counteracted the development of hypertension and the increase of left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, fenofibrate re-balanced the expression Mfn2, Drp1 and Parkin, regulators of fusion, fission, mitophagy respectively. Regarding autophagy, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was increased in 2K1C-VEH and 2K1C-FFB, whereas the autophagy was increased only in 2K1C-FFB. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, fenofibrate reversed the Ang II-induced mRNA up-regulation of hypertrophy markers Nppa and Myh7, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane exerting protection mediated by up-regulation of the Uncoupling protein 2. Our results indicate that fenofibrate acts directly on cardiomyocytes and counteracts the pressure overload-induced cardiac maladaptive remodeling. This study reveals a so far hidden mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate, support its repurposing for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and provide new potential targets for its pharmacological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Majeda Muluhie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joanna Rzemieniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Busca
- Azienda "Polo Veterinario di Lodi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Forte M, D'Ambrosio L, Schiattarella GG, Salerno N, Perrone MA, Loffredo FS, Bertero E, Pilichou K, Manno G, Valenti V, Spadafora L, Bernardi M, Simeone B, Sarto G, Frati G, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Mitophagy modulation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14199. [PMID: 38530070 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects of mitophagy, the selective form of autophagy for mitochondria, are commonly observed in several cardiovascular diseases and represent the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. For this reason, mitophagy has emerged as a novel and potential therapeutic target. METHODS In this review, we discuss current evidence about the biological significance of mitophagy in relevant preclinical models of cardiac and vascular diseases, such as heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, metabolic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. RESULTS Multiple studies have shown that cardiac and vascular mitophagy is an adaptive mechanism in response to stress, contributing to cardiovascular homeostasis. Mitophagy defects lead to cell death, ultimately impairing cardiac and vascular function, whereas restoration of mitophagy by specific compounds delays disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Despite previous efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy activation in response to stress are not fully characterized. A comprehensive understanding of different forms of mitophagy active in the cardiovascular system is extremely important for the development of new drugs targeting this process. Human studies evaluating mitophagy abnormalities in patients at high cardiovascular risk also represent a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco S Loffredo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Girolamo Manno
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- ICOT Istituto Marco Pasquali, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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3
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Wang X, Sun L. REEP5 mediates the function of CLEC5A to alleviate myocardial infarction by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 39044150 PMCID: PMC11265427 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MI (myocardial infarction) often triggers severe heart failure and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Receptor expression-enhancing protein 5 (REEP5), a member of REEPs, acts as regulators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affecting cardiac functions. Based on GSE114695 profile data, REEP5 was decreased in the left ventricle of MI mice. However, its role and potential mechanism in MI remain to be investigated. In the present study, the mouse MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. REEP5 expression was downregulated in the infarct penumbra area of MI mice. Next, its role during MI was explored by gain-of-function. Interestingly, REEP5 overexpression improved left ventricular function of mice with MI, accompanied with reduced infarct size. In cardiomyocytes, REEP5 overexpression inhibited ER stress, accompanied with repressive phosphorylation of PERK and IRE1α, and the decreased nuclear translocation of ATF6. Subsequently, REEP5 overexpression downregulated the levels of Chop and cleaved caspase-12, further alleviating ER stress-induced apoptosis, which was consistent with the in vivo results. Moreover, REEP5 was found to bind to C-type lectin member 5 A (CLEC5A), a protein that triggers cardiac dysfunction. CLEC5A, whose expression was elevated in hypoxia-induced cell models, led to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Noteworthily, REEP5 overexpression markedly abolished the effects of CLEC5A on ER stress-induced apoptosis. Taken together, REEP5 mediated the function of CLEC5A to relieve MI via inhibiting ER stress-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. REEP5 may be a promising target for treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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McClendon LK, Lanz RB, Panigrahi A, Gomez K, Bolt MJ, Liu M, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Transcriptional coactivation of NRF2 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts promotes resistance to oxidative stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:70-84. [PMID: 38969334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
We recently discovered that steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRCs-1, 2 and 3, are abundantly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their activation with the SRC small molecule stimulator MCB-613 improves cardiac function and dramatically lowers pro-fibrotic signaling in CFs post-myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that CF-derived SRC activation could be beneficial in the mitigation of chronic heart failure after ischemic insult. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms by which CFs contribute to cardiac pathological remodeling are unclear. Here we present studies designed to identify the molecular and cellular circuitry that governs the anti-fibrotic effects of an MCB-613 derivative, MCB-613-10-1, in CFs. We performed cytokine profiling and whole transcriptome and proteome analyses of CF-derived signals in response to MCB-613-10-1. We identified the NRF2 pathway as a direct MCB-613-10-1 therapeutic target for promoting resistance to oxidative stress in CFs. We show that MCB-613-10-1 promotes cell survival of anti-fibrotic CFs exposed to oxidative stress by suppressing apoptosis. We demonstrate that an increase in HMOX1 expression contributes to CF resistance to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via a mechanism involving SRC co-activation of NRF2, hence reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We provide evidence that MCB-613-10-1 acts as a protectant against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. Our data reveal that SRC stimulation of the NRF2 transcriptional network promotes resistance to oxidative stress and highlights a mechanistic approach toward addressing pathologic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K McClendon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Anil Panigrahi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Kristan Gomez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael J Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Clifford C Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Kan H, Wang P, Yang Y, Jia H, Liu A, Wang M, Ouyang C, Yang X. Apigenin inhibits proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts through AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118518. [PMID: 38964628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) is an important Traditional Chinese herbal Medicine (TCM) used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Based on the pharmacodynamic substance of S. miltiorrhiza, the aim of present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza against cardiac fibrosis (CF) through a systematic network pharmacology approach, molecular docking and dynamics simulation as well as experimental investigation in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic pharmacological analysis was conducted using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology (TCMSP) database to screen the effective chemical components of S. miltiorrhiza, then the corresponding potential target genes of the compounds were obtained by the Swiss Target Prediction and TCMSP databases. Meanwhile, GeneCards, DisGeNET, OMIM, and TTD disease databases were used to screen CF targets, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of drug-disease targets was constructed on S. miltiorrhiza/CF targets by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STING) database. After that, the component-disease-target network was constructed by software Cytoscape 3.7. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed for the intersection targets between drug and disease. The relationship between active ingredient of S. miltiorrhiza and disease targets of CF was assessed via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of the hub compound on CF was experimentally investigated in vitro. RESULTS 206 corresponding targets to effective chemical components from S. miltiorrhiza were determined, and among them, there were 82 targets that overlapped with targets of CF. Further, through PPI analysis, AKT1 and GSK3β were the hub targets, and which were both enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, it was the sub-pathways of the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway. Subsequently, compound-disease-genes-pathways diagram is constructed, apigenin (APi) was a top ingredients and AKT1 (51) and GSK3β (22) were the hub genes according to the degree value. The results of molecular docking and dynamics simulation showed that APi has strong affinities with AKT and GSK3β. The results of cell experiments showed that APi inhibited cells viability, proliferation, proteins expression of α-SMA and collagen I/III, phosphorylation of AKT1 and GSK3β in MCFs induced by TGFβ1. CONCLUSION Through a systematic network pharmacology approach, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, and confirmed by in vitro cell experiments, these results indicated that APi interacts with AKT and GSK3β to disrupt the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of MCFs induced by TGFβ1, which providing new insights into the pharmacological mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza in the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Kan
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China.
| | - Pengyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China.
| | - Yayuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China.
| | - Hongyu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China.
| | - Aimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xian Ning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, Xian Ning City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China; School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, China.
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6
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Wang X, Zhao X, Wang X, Cao L, Lu B, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ti Y, Zhong M. Effect of levosimendan on ventricular remodelling in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1352-1376. [PMID: 38419326 PMCID: PMC11098670 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the final stage of several cardiovascular diseases, and the key to effectively treating heart failure is to reverse or delay ventricular remodelling. Levosimendan is a novel inotropic and vasodilator agent used in heart failure, whereas the impact of levosimendan on ventricular remodelling is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of levosimendan on ventricular remodelling in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. A total of 66 randomized controlled trials involving 7968 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that levosimendan increased left ventricular ejection fraction [mean difference (MD) = 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.88, 4.35), P < 0.00001] and stroke volume [MD = 6.59, 95% CI (3.22, 9.96), P = 0.0001] and significantly reduced left ventricular end-systolic volume [standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.52, 95% CI (-0.67, -0.37), P < 0.00001], left ventricular end-diastolic volume index [SMD = -1.24, 95% CI (-1.61, -0.86), P < 0.00001], and left ventricular end-systolic volume index [SMD = -1.06, 95% CI (-1.43, -0.70), P < 0.00001]. In terms of biomarkers, levosimendan significantly reduced the level of brain natriuretic peptide [SMD = -1.08, 95% CI (-1.60, -0.56), P < 0.0001], N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [SMD = -0.99, 95% CI (-1.41, -0.56), P < 0.00001], and interleukin-6 [SMD = -0.61, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.35), P < 0.00001]. Meanwhile, levosimendan may increase the incidence of hypotension [risk ratio (RR) = 1.24, 95% CI (1.12, 1.39), P < 0.0001], hypokalaemia [RR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.08, 2.28), P = 0.02], headache [RR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.50, 2.39), P < 0.00001], atrial fibrillation [RR = 1.31, 95% CI (1.12, 1.52), P = 0.0005], and premature ventricular complexes [RR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.27, 2.72), P = 0.001]. In addition, levosimendan reduced all-cause mortality [RR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.74, 0.94), P = 0.002]. In conclusion, our study found that levosimendan might reverse ventricular remodelling when applied in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, especially in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, decompensated heart failure, and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Xiu‐Zhi Zhao
- Department of CardiologyPeople's Hospital of Lixia District of JinanJinanShandongChina
| | - Xi‐Wen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Lu‐Ying Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Bin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Zhi‐Hao Wang
- Department of Geriatric MedicineShandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Yun Ti
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
| | - Ming Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityChina
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Pate BS, Smiley CE, Harrington EN, Bielicki BH, Davis JM, Reagan LP, Grillo CA, Wood SK. Voluntary wheel running as a promising strategy to promote autonomic resilience to social stress in females: Vagal tone lies at the heart of the matter. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103175. [PMID: 38677130 PMCID: PMC11173375 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Social stress is a major risk factor for comorbid conditions including cardiovascular disease and depression. While women exhibit 2-3× the risk for these stress-related disorders compared to men, the mechanisms underlying heightened stress susceptibility among females remain largely unknown. Due to a lack in understanding of the pathophysiology underlying stress-induced comorbidities among women, there has been a significant challenge in developing effective therapeutics. Recently, a causal role for inflammation has been established in the onset and progression of comorbid cardiovascular disease/depression, with women exhibiting increased sensitivity to stress-induced immune signaling. Importantly, reduced vagal tone is also implicated in stress susceptibility, through a reduction in the vagus nerve's well-recognized anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, examining therapeutic strategies that stabilize vagal tone during stress may shed light on novel targets for promoting stress resilience among women. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that physical activity exerts cardio- and neuro-protective effects by enhancing vagal tone. Based on this evidence, this mini review provides an overview of comorbid cardiovascular and behavioral dysfunction in females, the role of inflammation in these disorders, how stress may impart its negative effects on the vagus nerve, and how exercise may act as a preventative. Further, we highlight a critical gap in the literature with regard to the study of females in this field. This review also presents novel data that are the first to demonstrate a protective role for voluntary wheel running over vagal tone and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction in the face of social stress exposure in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cora E Smiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Evelynn N Harrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - B Hunter Bielicki
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - J Mark Davis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Claudia A Grillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America; USC Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Columbia, SC, United States of America.
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8
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Ostrowska-Leśko M, Herbet M, Pawłowski K, Korga-Plewko A, Poleszak E, Dudka J. Pathological Changes and Metabolic Adaptation in the Myocardium of Rats in Response to Chronic Variable Mild Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5899. [PMID: 38892086 PMCID: PMC11172974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic variable mild stress (CVS) in rats is a well-established paradigm for inducing depressive-like behaviors and has been utilized extensively to explore potential therapeutic interventions for depression. While the behavioral and neurobiological effects of CVS have been extensively studied, its impact on myocardial function remains largely unexplored. To induce the CVS model, rats were exposed to various stressors over 40 days. Behavioral assessments confirmed depressive-like behavior. Biochemical analyses revealed alterations in myocardial metabolism, including changes in NAD+ and NADP+, and NADPH concentrations. Free amino acid analysis indicated disturbances in myocardial amino acid metabolism. Evaluation of oxidative DNA damage demonstrated an increased number of abasic sites in the DNA of rats exposed to CVS. Molecular analysis showed significant changes in gene expression associated with glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodeling pathways. Histological staining revealed minor morphological changes in the myocardium of CVS-exposed rats, including increased acidophilicity of cells, collagen deposition surrounding blood vessels, and glycogen accumulation. This study provides novel insights into the impact of chronic stress on myocardial function and metabolism, highlighting potential mechanisms linking depression and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may aid in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Kamil Pawłowski
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźko Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (J.D.)
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Ciampi CM, Sultana A, Ossola P, Farina A, Fragasso G, Spoladore R. Current experimental and early investigational agents for cardiac fibrosis: where are we at? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:389-404. [PMID: 38426439 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is induced by factors activating pro-fibrotic pathways such as acute and prolonged inflammation, myocardial ischemic events, hypertension, aging process, and genetically-linked cardiomyopathies. Dynamics and characteristics of myocardial fibrosis development are very different. The broad range of myocardial fibrosis presentations suggests the presence of multiple potential targets. AREA COVERED Heart failure treatment involves medications primarily aimed at counteracting neurohormonal activation. While these drugs have demonstrated efficacy against MF, not all specifically target inflammation or fibrosis progression with some exceptions such as RAAS inhibitors. Consequently, new therapies are being developed to address this issue. This article is aimed to describe anti-fibrotic drugs currently employed in clinical practice and emerging agents that target specific pathways, supported by evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Despite various preclinical findings suggesting the potential utility of new drugs and molecules for treating cardiac fibrosis in animal models, there is a notable scarcity of clinical trials investigating these effects. However, the pathology of damage and repair in the heart muscle involves a complex network of interconnected inflammatory pathways and various types of immune cells. Our comprehension of the positive and negative roles played by specific immune cells and cytokines is an emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Ciampi
- Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Sultana
- Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ossola
- Health Science Department, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Division of Cardiology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST- Lecco, Italy
| | - Gabriele Fragasso
- Heart Failure Unit Head, Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Spoladore
- Division of Cardiology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST- Lecco, Italy
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10
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Chen H, Cheng Z, Wang M, Huang Q, Zheng D, Huang Q, Cai K. Circ_0020887 Silencing Combats Hypoxic-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury in an MiR-370-3p/CYP1B1-Dependent Manner. Int Heart J 2024; 65:308-317. [PMID: 38479850 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting circular RNA has been a novel approach to preventing and limiting acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, we planned to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0020887 in AMI progression.Hypoxic injury in human cardiomyocytes (AC16) was measured using cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, and colorimetric assay kits. RNA and protein expressions were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Direct interplay between RNAs was determined using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RIP assays.In the plasma and hypoxia-induced AC16 cells of patients with AMI, circ_0020887 and miR-370-3p were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, concomitant with the upregulation of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1). Circ_0020887 interference could inhibit hypoxia-induced AC16 cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Circ_0020887 could sponge miR-370-3p, and miR-370-3p could target CYP1B1. The inhibition effect of circ_0020887 knockdown on hypoxia-induced AC16 cell injury could be reversed by the miR-370-3p inhibitor. Besides, CYP1B1 overexpression also overturned the suppressive effect of miR-370-3p on hypoxia-induced AC16 cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response.In conclusion, circ_0020887 regulated the miR-370-3p/CYP1B1 axis to regulate hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, confirming that circ_0020887 might promote cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Chen
- Department of Basic Medical, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Zhendong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Meiai Wang
- Department of Basic Medical, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Basic Medical, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Qiuhong Huang
- Department of Basic Medical, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Kefeng Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
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11
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Cao H, Zhao L, Yuan Y, Liao C, Zeng W, Li A, Huang Q, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Jiang L, Song D, Li S, Zhang B. Lipoamide Attenuates Hypertensive Myocardial Hypertrophy Through PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10488-9. [PMID: 38334841 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The process of myocardial hypertrophy in hypertension can lead to excessive activation of oxidative stress. Lipoamide (ALM) has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ALM on hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, as well as explore its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of ALM on spontaneously hypertensive rats and rat cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. We found that ALM was not effective in lowering blood pressure in SHR, but it attenuated hypertension-mediated cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy in rats. After that, in cultured H9C2 cells stimulated with Ang II, ALM increased the expression of antioxidant proteins that were decreased in the Ang II group. ALM also alleviated cell hypertrophy and the accumulation of ROS, while LY294002 partially abrogated these effects. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ALM could alleviate oxidative stress in cardiac hypertrophy, potentially through the activation of the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Cao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Ultrasound Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Ultrasound Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Weidan Zeng
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Aiyue Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Quanfeng Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yueyao Zhao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yubing Fan
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sha Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Ultrasound Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
- Department of Ultrasound Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
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12
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Bao H, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhou W, Liao F, Wei F, Yang S, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 regulates myofibroblast transformation through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115996. [PMID: 38154546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is pivotal in the progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases. This phenomenon is hallmarked by an excessive deposition of ECM protein secreted by myofibroblasts, leading to increased myocardial stiffness. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that belongs to the proprotein-converting enzyme family. It has emerged as a viable therapeutic target for reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the exact mechanism via which PCSK9 impacts cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. In the present research, an increase in circulating PCSK9 protein levels was observed in individuals with myocardial infarction and rat models of myocardial infarction. Moreover, the inhibition of circulating PCSK9 in rats was found to reduce post-infarction fibrosis. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that overexpression of PCSK9 or stimulation by extracellular PCSK9 recombinant protein enhanced the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This process also elevated collagen Ⅰ, and Ⅲ, as well as α-SMA protein levels. However, these effects were countered when co-incubated with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. This study suggests that PCSK9 may function as a novel regulator of myocardial fibrosis, primarily via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gui Qian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Fujun Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gui Qian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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13
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Chen Y, Peng W, Pang M, Zhu B, Liu H, Hu D, Luo Y, Wang S, Wu S, He J, Yang Y, Peng D. The effects of psychiatric disorders on the risk of chronic heart failure: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1306150. [PMID: 38299073 PMCID: PMC10827915 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1306150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence suggests an association between psychiatric disorders and chronic heart failure. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the causal relationship between these psychiatric disorders and chronic heart failure. To address this, we evaluated the potential effects of five psychiatric disorders on chronic heart failure using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR). Methods We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronic heart failure and five psychiatric disorders (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia (SCZ)). Univariable (UVMR) and multivariable two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) were employed to assess causality between these conditions. Ever smoked and alcohol consumption were controlled for mediating effects in the multivariable MR. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) and Wald ratio estimator methods served as the primary analytical methods for estimating potential causal effects. MR-Egger and weighted median analyses were also conducted to validate the results. Sensitivity analyses included the funnel plot, leave-one-out, and MR-Egger intercept tests. Additionally, potential mediators were investigated through risk factor analyses. Results Genetically predicted heart failure was significantly associated with ADHD (odds ratio (OR), 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20; p = 0.001), ASD (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.56; p = 0.008), bipolar disorder (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96; p = 0.001), major depression (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.29; p = 0.015), SCZ (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07; p = 0.024). Several risk factors for heart failure are implicated in the above cause-and-effect relationship, including ever smoked and alcohol consumption. Conclusion Our study demonstrated ADHD, ASD, SCZ and major depression may have a causal relationship with an increased risk of heart failure. In contrast, bipolar disorder was associated with a reduced risk of heart failure, which could potentially be mediated by ever smoked and alcohol consumption. Therefore, prevention strategies for heart failure should also incorporate mental health considerations, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenke Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Botao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huixing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Luo G, Chen L, Chen M, Mao L, Zeng Q, Zou Y, Xue J, Liu P, Wu Q, Yang S, Liu M. Hirudin inhibit the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes via suppressing oxidative stress and activating mitophagy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23077. [PMID: 38163129 PMCID: PMC10754874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy due to hemodynamic overload eventually leads to heart failure. Hirudin has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and NLRP3 inflammasome was proven to induce cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. However, the mechanism by which it inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Objective To explore the mechanism of hirudin inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy based on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy. Materials & methods 1 μM AngII was used for cardiac hypertrophy modeling in H9C2 cells, and cell viability was quantified by CCK-8 assay to screen the appropriate action concentrations of hirudin. After that, we cultured AngII induced-H9C2 cells for 24 h with 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM hirudin, respectively. Next, we marked H9C2 cells with phalloidine and observed them using fluorescence microscope. IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, ANP, BNP, β-MHC, and mtDNA were analyzed by qRT-PCR; ROS were quantified by Flow cytometry; SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px were detected by ELISA; and proteins including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, PINK-1, Parkin, beclin-1, LC3-Ⅰ, LC3-Ⅱ, p62, were quantified by western blotting. Results It was discovered that hirudin reduced the superficial area of AngII-induced H9C2 cells and inhibited the AngII-induced up-regulation of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC. Besides, hirudin down-regulated the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines, containing IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α. It also down-regulated the expression of mtDNA and ROS, decreased the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation related proteins, including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18; and increased the expressions of PINK-1, Parkin, beclin-1, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, p62 in AngII-induced H9C2 cells. Discussion Hirudin promoted the process of mitophagy, inhibited the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the PINK-1/Parkin pathway. Conclusion Hirudin has the activity to suppress cardiac hypertrophy may benefit from the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and activating of PINK-1/Parkin related-mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Tapai, Macau
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qihu Zeng
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Zou
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyi Xue
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Tapai, Macau
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Tapai, Macau
| | - Mengnan Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Tapai, Macau
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15
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Boshra SA, Nazeam JA, Esmat A. Flaxseed oil fraction reverses cardiac remodeling at a molecular level: improves cardiac function, decreases apoptosis, and suppresses miRNA-29b and miRNA 1 gene expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38167049 PMCID: PMC10759513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is an ancient commercial oil that historically has been used as a functional food to lower cholesterol levels. However, despite its longstanding treatment, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support its role in the management of cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the molecular mechanism of standardized flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling in the heart toxicity vivo model. The oil fraction was purified, and the major components were standardized by qualitative and quantitative analysis. In vivo experimental design was conducted using isoproterenol ISO (85 mg/kg) twice subcutaneously within 24 h between each dose. The rats were treated with flaxseed oil fraction (100 mg/kg orally) and the same dose was used for omega 3 supplement as a positive control group. The GC-MS analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid (24.6%), oleic acid (10.5%), glycerol oleate (9.0%) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate (7%) are the major components of oil fraction. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the acidity percentage, saponification, peroxide, and iodine values were 0.43, 188.57, 1.22, and 122.34 respectively. As compared with healthy control, ISO group-induced changes in functional cardiac parameters. After 28-day pretreatment with flaxseed oil, the results indicated an improvement in cardiac function, a decrease in apoptosis, and simultaneous prevention of myocardial fibrosis. The plasma levels of BNP, NT-pro-BNP, endothelin-1, Lp-PLA2, and MMP2, and cTnI and cTn were significantly diminished, while a higher plasma level of Topo 2B was observed. Additionally, miRNA - 1 and 29b were significantly downregulated. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling and support its future application as a cardioprotective against heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Boshra
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Jilan A Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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16
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Kumar R, Chhillar N, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Singhal S, Chauhan T. Cholesterol Homeostasis, Mechanisms of Molecular Pathways, and Cardiac Health: A Current Outlook. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102081. [PMID: 37716543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of lipoproteins, which regulate the transit of the lipid to and from tissues, is crucial to maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Cardiac remodeling is referred to as a set of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that, following injury, affect the size, shape, function, mass, and geometry of the heart. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which can be made from glucose, amino acids, or fatty acids, is the precursor for the synthesis of cholesterol. In this article, the authors explain concepts behind cardiac remodeling, its clinical ramifications, and the pathophysiological roles played by numerous various components, such as cell death, neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, contractile proteins, energy metabolism, collagen, calcium transport, inflammation, and geometry. The levels of cholesterol are traditionally regulated by 2 biological mechanisms at the transcriptional stage. First, the SREBP transcription factor family regulates the transcription of crucial rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins, which in turn limits cholesterol production. Immune cells become activated, differentiated, and divided, during an immune response with the objective of eradicating the danger signal. In addition to creating ATP, which is used as energy, this process relies on metabolic reprogramming of both catabolic and anabolic pathways to create metabolites that play a crucial role in regulating the response. Because of changes in signal transduction, malfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, impairment of calcium handling, increases in cardiac fibrosis, and progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress appears to be the primary mechanism that causes the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. De novo cholesterol production, intestinal cholesterol absorption, and biliary cholesterol output are consequently crucial processes in cholesterol homeostasis. In the article's final section, the pharmacological management of cardiac remodeling is explored. The route of treatment is explained in different steps: including, promising, and potential strategies. This chapter offers a brief overview of the history of the study of cholesterol absorption as well as the different potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Chhillar
- Deparetment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailey Singhal
- Cluster of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Tanya Chauhan
- Division of Forensic Biology, National Forensic Sciences University, Delhi Campus (LNJN NICFS) Delhi, India
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17
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Zhang P, Liu X, Yu X, Zhuo Y, Li D, Yang L, Lu Y. Protective Effects of Liriodendrin on Myocardial Infarction-Induced Fibrosis in Rats via the PI3K/Akt Autophagy Pathway: A Network Pharmacology Study. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1566-1575. [PMID: 37461344 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230717155641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liriodendrin (LIR) has been reported to improve cardiac function in rats following myocardial infarction. However, its role and mechanism in reparative myocardial fibrosis remain unclear. METHODS In this study, a rat model of myocardial fibrosis was established via left anterior descending artery ligation and randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated, myocardial infarction, and LIR intervention (100 mg/kg/day) groups. The pharmacological effects of LIR were assessed using echocardiography, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E) staining, and Masson staining. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics were utilized to identify potential mechanisms of LIR, which were further validated via western blot analysis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that LIR improved cardiac function, histology scores, and col lagen volume fraction. Moreover, LIR downregulated the expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I while upregulating the expression of p62, indicating LIR-inhibited autophagy in the heart after myocardial infarction. Further analysis revealed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was significantly enriched and validated by western blot. This analysis suggested that the ratios of p- PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly increased. CONCLUSION LIR may attenuate myocardial infarction-induced fibrosis in rats by inhibiting excessive myocardial autophagy, with the potential mechanism involving the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yanmin Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
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18
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Momeni Z, Danesh S, Ahmadpour M, Eshraghi R, Farkhondeh T, Pourhanifeh MH, Samarghandian S. Protective Roles and Therapeutic Effects of Gallic Acid in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Trends and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3733-3751. [PMID: 37815180 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673259299230921150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious life-threatening illnesses and significant problematic issues for public health having a heavy economic burden on all society worldwide. The high incidence of these diseases as well as high mortality rates make them the leading causes of death and disability. Therefore, finding novel and more effective therapeutic methods is urgently required. Gallic acid, an herbal medicine with numerous biological properties, has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. It has been demonstrated that gallic acid possesses pharmacological potential in regulating several molecular and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, gallic acid has been investigated in the treatment of CVDs both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we aimed to review the available evidence on the therapeutic application of gallic acid for CVDs including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarction, drug-induced cardiotoxicity, hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure, with a focus on underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Momeni
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh Danesh
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadpour
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Hub Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- University of Neyshabur Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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19
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Shi J, Yang C, Zhang J, Zhao K, Li P, Kong C, Wu X, Sun H, Zheng R, Sun W, Chen L, Kong X. NAT10 Is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling Through ac4C-Mediated Transcriptomic Regulation. Circ Res 2023; 133:989-1002. [PMID: 37955115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure, characterized by cardiac remodeling, is associated with abnormal epigenetic processes and aberrant gene expression. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10)-mediated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation during cardiac remodeling. METHODS NAT10 and ac4C expression were detected in both human and mouse subjects with cardiac remodeling through multiple assays. Subsequently, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing, thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), and ribosome sequencing (Ribo-seq) were employed to elucidate the role of ac4C-modified posttranscriptional regulation in cardiac remodeling. Additionally, functional experiments involving the overexpression or knockdown of NAT10 were conducted in mice models challenged with Ang II (angiotensin II) and transverse aortic constriction. RESULTS NAT10 expression and RNA ac4C levels were increased in in vitro and in vivo cardiac remodeling models, as well as in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Silencing and inhibiting NAT10 attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiofibroblast activation. Next-generation sequencing revealed ac4C changes in both mice and humans with cardiac hypertrophy were associated with changes in global mRNA abundance, stability, and translation efficiency. Mechanistically, NAT10 could enhance the stability and translation efficiency of CD47 and ROCK2 transcripts by upregulating their mRNA ac4C modification, thereby resulting in an increase in their protein expression during cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, the administration of Remodelin, a NAT10 inhibitor, has been shown to prevent cardiac functional impairments in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction by suppressing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammatory responses, while also regulating the expression levels of CD47 and ROCK2 (Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our data suggest that modulating epitranscriptomic processes, such as ac4C acetylation through NAT10, may be a promising therapeutic target against cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.Y.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chuiyu Kong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China (C.K.)
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.S., R.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.S., R.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Changzhou Medical Center of the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (L.C.)
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology (J.S., K.Z., J.Z., P.L., X.W., W.S., X.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China (X.K.)
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20
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Grujić-Milanović J, Rajković J, Milanović S, Jaćević V, Miloradović Z, Nežić L, Novaković R. Natural Substances vs. Approved Drugs in the Treatment of Main Cardiovascular Disorders-Is There a Breakthrough? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2088. [PMID: 38136208 PMCID: PMC10740850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of diseases with a very high rate of morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation of CVDs can vary from asymptomatic to classic symptoms such as chest pain in patients with myocardial infarction. Current therapeutics for CVDs mainly target disease symptoms. The most common CVDs are coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, and valvular heart disease. In their treatment, conventional therapies and pharmacological therapies are used. However, the use of herbal medicines in the therapy of these diseases has also been reported in the literature, resulting in a need for critical evaluation of advances related to their use. Therefore, we carried out a narrative review of pharmacological and herbal therapeutic effects reported for these diseases. Data for this comprehensive review were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Conventional therapy requires an individual approach to the patients, as when patients do not respond well, this often causes allergic effects or various other unwanted effects. Nowadays, medicinal plants as therapeutics are frequently used in different parts of the world. Preclinical/clinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common CVDs. The natural products analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in CVDs pharmacotherapy, and some of them have already been approved by the FDA. There are insufficient clinical studies to compare the effectiveness of natural products compared to approved therapeutics for the treatment of CVDs. Further long-term studies are needed to accelerate the potential of using natural products for these diseases. Despite this undoubted beneficence on CVDs, there are no strong breakthroughs supporting the implementation of natural products in clinical practice. Nevertheless, they are promising agents in the supplementation and co-therapy of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Grujić-Milanović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Rajković
- Institute for Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sladjan Milanović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zoran Miloradović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Lana Nežić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Radmila Novaković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Center for Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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21
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Gebauer AM, Pfaller MR, Braeu FA, Cyron CJ, Wall WA. A homogenized constrained mixture model of cardiac growth and remodeling: analyzing mechanobiological stability and reversal. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1983-2002. [PMID: 37482576 PMCID: PMC10613155 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac growth and remodeling (G&R) patterns change ventricular size, shape, and function both globally and locally. Biomechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic stimuli drive these patterns through changes in myocyte dimension and fibrosis. We propose a novel microstructure-motivated model that predicts organ-scale G&R in the heart based on the homogenized constrained mixture theory. Previous models, based on the kinematic growth theory, reproduced consequences of G&R in bulk myocardial tissue by prescribing the direction and extent of growth but neglected underlying cellular mechanisms. In our model, the direction and extent of G&R emerge naturally from intra- and extracellular turnover processes in myocardial tissue constituents and their preferred homeostatic stretch state. We additionally propose a method to obtain a mechanobiologically equilibrated reference configuration. We test our model on an idealized 3D left ventricular geometry and demonstrate that our model aims to maintain tensional homeostasis in hypertension conditions. In a stability map, we identify regions of stable and unstable G&R from an identical parameter set with varying systolic pressures and growth factors. Furthermore, we show the extent of G&R reversal after returning the systolic pressure to baseline following stage 1 and 2 hypertension. A realistic model of organ-scale cardiac G&R has the potential to identify patients at risk of heart failure, enable personalized cardiac therapies, and facilitate the optimal design of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus M Gebauer
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin R Pfaller
- Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Fabian A Braeu
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute of Continuum and Material Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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22
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Wu S, Zhang J, Peng C, Ma Y, Tian X. SIRT6 mediated histone H3K9ac deacetylation involves myocardial remodelling through regulating myocardial energy metabolism in TAC mice. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3451-3464. [PMID: 37603612 PMCID: PMC10660608 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological myocardial remodelling is the initial factor of chronic heart failure (CHF) and is induced by multiple factors. We previously demonstrated that histone acetylation is involved in CHF in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice, a model for pressure overload-induced heart failure. In this study, we investigated whether the histone deacetylase Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), which mediates deacetylation of histone 3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac), is involved pathological myocardial remodelling by regulating myocardial energy metabolism and explored the underlying mechanisms. We generated a TAC mouse model by partial thoracic aortic banding. TAC mice were injected with the SIRT6 agonist MDL-800 at a dose of 65 mg/kg for 8 weeks. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC, the level of H3K9ac increased gradually, while the expression of SIRT6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) decreased gradually. MDL-800 reversed the effects of SIRT6 on H3K9ac in TAC mice and promoted the expression of VEGFA in the hearts of TAC mice. MDL-800 also attenuated mitochondria damage and improved mitochondrial respiratory function through upregulating SIRT6 in the hearts of TAC mice. These results revealed a novel mechanism in which SIRT6-mediated H3K9ac level is involved pathological myocardial remodelling in TAC mice through regulating myocardial energy metabolism. These findings may assist in the development of novel methods for preventing and treating pathological myocardial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Children's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Children's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Children's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yixiang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Children's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xiaochun Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Children's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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23
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Yao W, Pei Z, Zhang X. NAD +: A key metabolic regulator with great therapeutic potential for myocardial infarction via Sirtuins family. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21890. [PMID: 38027748 PMCID: PMC10663897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the complex phenotypes of coronary artery disease, which results from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important cofactor regulating metabolic homeostasis and a rate-limiting substrate for sirtuin (SIRT) deacetylase. Numerous NAD+ studies have shown that it can be used as an anti-MI treatment. However, there have been few systematic reviews of the overall role of NAD+ in treating MI. MI, which has long been a global health problem, still lacks effective treatment till now, and the discovery of NAD+ provides a new perspective on its adjuvant treatment. This review summarizes the role of NAD+ signaling in SIRTs in alleviating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116089, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
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24
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Yuan X, Liu K, Dong P, Han H. Protective effect and mechanism of different proportions of " Danggui-Kushen" herb pair on ischemic heart disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22150. [PMID: 38034717 PMCID: PMC10685368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of "Danggui-Kushen" herb pair (DKHP) on ischemic heart disease (IHD). The rat model of myocardial reperfusion injury (MIRI) was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups and administered orally for 7 days: control group, IHD group, DKHP1:1 group, DKHP1:2 group, DKHP2:1 group, DKHP1:3 group, DKHP3:1 group, the dosage was 2.7 g/kg. Measure electrocardiogram (ECG), myocardial infarction and injury assessment, Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to evaluate myocardial injury and the protective effect of DKHP. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-1β and IL-6 kit detection, immunohistochemical analysis, establishment of H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia (Hypoxia) model, DKHP pretreatment for 3 h, MTT method to detect cell survival rate, cell immunofluorescence to observe NF- The expression of TLR-4, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, IKβα, p-IKβα, HIF-1α, VEGF and other genes and proteins were detected by κB nuclear translocation, mitochondrial membrane potential measurement, Western blot and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Compared with the model group, DKHP can reduce the size of myocardial infarction, reduce the levels of factors such as LDH, ROS, IL-1β and IL-6, and improve the cell survival rate; Compared with the model group, DKHP can inhibit the nuclear transfer of NF-κB and reduce mitochondrial damage; the results of immunohistochemical analysis, PCR and Western blot showed that compared with the model group, DKHP can reduce TLR-4, p-NF-κB, Expression levels of p-IKβα, HIF-1α, VEGF and other proteins. Reveal that DKHP may play a protective role in ischemic heart disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress damage. DKHP may have protective effect on ischemic heart disease, and its mechanism may be through reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage to achieve this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yuan
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, China
| | - Kemeng Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, China
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25
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Wang Y, Li Q, Zhao J, Chen J, Wu D, Zheng Y, Wu J, Liu J, Lu J, Zhang J, Wu Z. Mechanically induced pyroptosis enhances cardiosphere oxidative stress resistance and metabolism for myocardial infarction therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6148. [PMID: 37783697 PMCID: PMC10545739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches in myocardial infarction treatment are limited by low cellular oxidative stress resistance, reducing the long-term survival of therapeutic cells. Here we develop a liquid-crystal substrate with unique surface properties and mechanical responsiveness to produce size-controllable cardiospheres that undergo pyroptosis to improve cellular bioactivities and resistance to oxidative stress. We perform RNA sequencing and study cell metabolism to reveal increased metabolic levels and improved mitochondrial function in the preconditioned cardiospheres. We test therapeutic outcomes in a rat model of myocardial infarction to show that cardiospheres improve long-term cardiac function, promote angiogenesis and reduce cardiac remodeling during the 3-month observation. Overall, this study presents a promising and effective system for preparing a large quantity of functional cardiospheres, showcasing potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jupeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youling Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Pang X, Guan Q, Lin X, Chang N. Knockdown of HDAC6 alleviates ventricular remodeling in experimental dilated cardiomyopathy via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotion of cardiomyocyte autophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2365-2379. [PMID: 35764897 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been implicated in cardiac diseases, while the role of HDAC6 in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains obscure. The in silico analyses predicted potential association of HDAC6 with autophagy-related genes and DCM. Thus, we evaluated the functional relevance of HDAC6 in DCM in vivo and in vitro. We developed a rat model in vivo and a cell model in vitro by doxorubicin (DOX) induction to simulate DCM. HDAC6 expression was determined in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. DCM rats exhibited elevated HDAC6 mRNA and protein expression as compared to sham-operated rats. We knocked HDAC6 down and/or overexpressed NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro to characterize their roles in cardiomyocyte autophagy. It was established that shRNA-mediated HDAC6 silencing augmented cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus ameliorating cardiac injury in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. Besides, in DOX-injured cardiomyocytes, HDAC6 silencing also diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell apoptosis but enhanced cell autophagy, whereas ectopic NLRP3 expression negated the effects of HDAC6 silencing. Since HDAC6 knockdown correlates with enhanced cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation through an interplay with NLRP3, it is expected to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for DCM. 1. HDAC6 was up-regulated in DCM rats. 2. HDAC6 knockdown promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy to relieve cardiac dysfunction. 3. HDAC6 knockdown inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy. 4. Silencing HDAC6 promoted autophagy and repressed apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. 5. This study provides novel therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigang Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Jiang H, Fang T, Cheng Z. Mechanism of heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231202573. [PMID: 37818767 PMCID: PMC10566288 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231202573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of early revascularization and drugs to regulate the neuroendocrine system, the impact of such measures on alleviating the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. Therefore, it is important to discuss the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse HF after MI. This requires a better understanding of the potential mechanisms involved. HF after MI is the result of complex pathophysiological processes, with adverse ventricular remodeling playing a major role. Adverse ventricular remodeling refers to the heart's adaptation in terms of changes in ventricular size, shape, and function under the influence of various regulatory factors, including the mechanical, neurohormonal, and cardiac inflammatory immune environments; ischemia/reperfusion injury; energy metabolism; and genetic correlation factors. Additionally, unique right ventricular dysfunction can occur secondary to ischemic shock in the surviving myocardium. HF after MI may also be influenced by other factors. This review summarizes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of HF after MI and highlights sex-related differences in the prognosis of patients with acute MI. These findings provide new insights for guiding the development of targeted treatments to delay the progression of HF after MI and offering incremental benefits to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ye Q, Chen W, Fu H, Ding Y, Jing Y, Shen J, Yuan Z, Zha K. Targeting Autophagy in Atrial Fibrillation. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:288. [PMID: 39077569 PMCID: PMC11273128 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia in clinical practice, and its incidence is positively correlated with risk factors that include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Although our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the occurrence and persistence of AF has been increasing rapidly, the exact mechanism of AF is still not fully understood. Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved and specific physiological process in cells that has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for several cardiovascular diseases including the pathophysiology of AF. The present article provides an updated review of the fast-progressing field of research surrounding autophagy in AF, and how regulating autophagy might be a therapeutic target to reduce the incidence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengsong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuling Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingsong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kelan Zha
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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29
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Magodoro IM, Guerrero-Chalela CE, Claggett B, Jermy S, Samuels P, Zar H, Myer L, Danaei G, Jao J, Ntusi NAB, Siedner MJ, Ntsekhe M. Left ventricular remodeling and its correlates among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in South Africa. Int J Cardiol 2023; 387:131121. [PMID: 37336247 PMCID: PMC10529415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and its transitions from compensatory adaptations to LV dysfunction have not been examined in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV). We used cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a cross-sectional study to characterize PHIV-related progressive LV remodeling in adolescents in South Africa. METHODS Adolescents with PHIV on antiretroviral treatment and their HIV uninfected peers completed 3 T CMR examination. We defined LV remodeling by LV mass/volume (M/V) ratio, modelling progressive LV remodeling as increasing M/V ratio. Linear regression models were applied to estimate the correlates of progressive LV remodeling. RESULTS Overall, 71 adolescents with PHIV [mean age: 15.2 years; 54% male] and 36 HIV uninfected [15.1 years; 42% male] peers were enrolled. Adolescents with PHIV had lower mean LV M/V ratio (0.68 vs. 0.75 g/mL; p = 0.004) than HIV uninfected peers, without LV hypertrophy in either group. Among adolescents with PHIV, increasing M/V ratio was accompanied by increasing interstitial volume [adjusted mean change (AMC) per 0.1 g/mL M/V ratio: 1.75 mL, p < 0.001] with no change in global circumferential strain (GCS) [AMC per 0.1 g/mL M/V ratio: -0.21%, p = 0.48]. However, in HIV uninfected individuals, increasing M/V ratio was accompanied by increasing peak GCS [AMC per 0.1 g/mL M/V ratio: -1.25%, p = 0.039] with no change in interstitial volume (AMC per 0.1 g/mL M/V ratio: 1.16 mL, p = 0.32]. CONCLUSIONS Successfully treated PHIV is associated with less severe LV remodeling in adolescence when compared to HIV uninfected controls. LV remodeling in PHIV is associated with disproportionate expansion of the non-contractile interstitium not accompanied by improved GCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai M Magodoro
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Jermy
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petronella Samuels
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather Zar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Noncommunicable and Infectious Diseases, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Narayan SI, Terre GV, Amin R, Shanghavi KV, Chandrashekar G, Ghouse F, Ahmad BA, S GN, Satram C, Majid HA, Bayoro DK. The Pathophysiology and New Advancements in the Pharmacologic and Exercise-Based Management of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45719. [PMID: 37868488 PMCID: PMC10590213 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a clinical syndrome whose management has significantly evolved based on the pathophysiology and disease process. It is widely prevalent, has a relatively high mortality rate, and is comparatively more common in men than women. In HFrEF, the series of maladaptive processes that occur lead to an inability of the muscle of the left ventricle to pump blood efficiently and effectively, causing cardiac dysfunction. The neurohormonal and hemodynamic adaptations play a significant role in the advancement of the disease and are critical to guiding the treatment and management of HFrEF. The first-line therapy, which includes loop diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, hydralazine/isosorbide-dinitrate, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), has been proven to provide symptomatic relief and decrease mortality and complications. The newly recommended drugs for guideline-based therapy, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, soluble guanylate cyclase, and myosin activators and modulators have also been shown to improve cardiac function, reverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce mortality rates. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise-based therapy has resulted in an improved quality of life, exercise capacity, cardiac function, and decreased hospital readmission rates, but it has not had a considerable reduction in mortality rates. Combining multiple therapies alongside holistic advances such as exercise therapy may provide synergistic benefits, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients with HFrEF. Although first-line treatment, novel pharmacologic management, and exercise-based therapy have been shown to improve prognosis, the existing literature suggests a need for further studies evaluating the long-term effects of MRA and ARNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle V Terre
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, DOM
| | - Rutvi Amin
- Department of Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, IND
| | - Keshvi V Shanghavi
- Department of Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Farhana Ghouse
- Department of Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, St. Vincent, VCT
| | - Binish A Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Gowri N S
- Department of Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, UKR
| | - Christena Satram
- Department of Medicine, Lincoln American University, Georgetown, GUY
| | - Hamna A Majid
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Danielle K Bayoro
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of the Americas, Nevis, KNA
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31
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Hou H, Chen Y, Feng X, Xu G, Yan M. Tripartite motif‑containing 14 may aggravate cardiac hypertrophy via the AKT signalling pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and transgenic mice. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:173. [PMID: 37503784 PMCID: PMC10433706 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif‑containing 14 (TRIM14) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that primarily participates in the natural immune response and in tumour development via ubiquitination. However, the role of TRIM14 in cardiac hypertrophy is not currently clear. The present study examined the role of TRIM14 in cardiac hypertrophy and its potential molecular mechanism. TRIM14 was overexpressed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes using adenovirus and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced using phenylephrine (PE). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was assessed by measuring cardiomyocyte surface area and markers of hypertrophy. In addition, TRIM14‑transgenic (TRIM14‑TG) mice were created and cardiac hypertrophy was induced using transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac function, heart weight‑to‑body weight ratio (HW/BW), cardiomyocyte cross‑sectional area, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophic markers were further examined. The expression of AKT signalling pathway‑related proteins was detected. TRIM14 overexpression in cardiomyocytes promoted PE‑induced increases in cardiomyocyte surface area and hypertrophic markers. TRIM14‑TG mice developed worse cardiac function, greater HW/BW, cross‑sectional area and cardiac fibrosis, and higher levels of hypertrophic markers in response to TAC. TRIM14 overexpression also increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT, GSK‑3β, mTOR and p70S6K in vivo and in vitro. To the best our knowledge, the present study was the first to reveal that overexpression of TRIM14 aggravated cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to activation of the AKT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Adameova A, Mota KO, de Vasconcelos CML. Status of β 1-Adrenoceptor Signal Transduction System in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:264. [PMID: 39076390 PMCID: PMC11270071 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2409264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Although β 1-adrenoceptor ( β 1-AR) signal transduction, which maintains cardiac function, is downregulated in failing hearts, the mechanisms for such a defect in heart failure are not fully understood. Since cardiac hypertrophy is invariably associated with heart failure, it is possible that the loss of β 1-AR mechanisms in failing heart occurs due to hypertrophic process. In this regard, we have reviewed the information from a rat model of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive hypertrophy at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing pressure overload as well as adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing volume overload, respectively. Varying degrees of alterations in β 1-AR density as well as isoproterenol-induced increases in cardiac function, intracellular Ca 2 + -concentration in cardiomyocytes and adenylyl cyclase activity in crude membranes have been reported under these hypertrophic conditions. Adaptive hypertrophy at 4 weeks of pressure or volume overload showed unaltered or augmented increases in the activities of different components of β 1-AR signaling. On the other hand, maladaptive hypertrophy due to pressure overload and heart failure due to volume overload at 24 weeks revealed depressions in the activities of β 1-AR signal transduction pathway. These observations provide evidence that β 1-AR signal system is either unaltered or upregulated in adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and downregulated in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. Furthermore, the information presented in this article supports the concept that downregulation of β 1-AR mechanisms in heart failure or maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is not due to hypertrophic process per se. It is suggested that a complex mechanism involving the autonomic imbalance may be of a critical importance in determining differential alterations in non-failing and failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University and Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karina Oliveira Mota
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
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Xanthopoulos A, Katsiadas N, Skoularigkis S, Magouliotis DE, Skopeliti N, Patsilinakos S, Briasoulis A, Triposkiadis F, Skoularigis J. Association between Dapagliflozin, Cardiac Biomarkers and Cardiac Remodeling in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1778. [PMID: 37629635 PMCID: PMC10455594 DOI: 10.3390/life13081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs that have shown favorable effects in heart failure (HF) patients, irrespective of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of empagliflozin on cardiac function and structure; however, less is known about dapagliflozin. The purpose of the current work was to investigate the association between the use of dapagliflozin and cardiac biomarkers as well as the cardiac structure in a cohort of patients with HF and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present work was an observational study that included 118 patients (dapagliflozin group n = 60; control group n = 58) with HF and DM. The inclusion criteria included: age > 18 years, a history of DM and HF, regardless of LVEF, and hospitalization for HF exacerbation within the previous 6 months. The exclusion criteria were previous treatment with SGLT2i or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, a GFR< 30 and life expectancy < 1 year. The evaluation of patients (at baseline, 6 and 12 months) included a clinical assessment, laboratory blood tests and echocardiography. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison of continuous variables between the two groups, while Friedman's analysis of variance for repeated measures was used for the comparison of continuous variables. Troponin (p < 0.001) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (p < 0.001) decreased significantly throughout the follow-up period in the dapagliflozin group, but not in the control group (p > 0.05 for both). The LV end-diastolic volume index (p < 0.001 for both groups) and LV end-systolic volume index (p < 0.001 for both groups) decreased significantly in the dapagliflozin and the control group, respectively. The LVEF increased significantly (p < 0.001) only in the dapagliflozin group, whereas the global longitudinal strain (GLS) improved in the dapagliflozin group (p < 0.001) and was impaired in the control group (p = 0.021). The left atrial volume index decreased in the dapagliflozin group (p < 0.001) but remained unchanged in the control group (p = 0.114). Lastly, the left ventricular mass index increased significantly both in the dapagliflozin (p = 0.003) and control group (p = 0.001). Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2i, was associated with a reduction in cardiac biomarkers and with reverse cardiac remodeling in patients with HF and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Xanthopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.S.); (N.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Katsiadas
- Department of Cardiology, Konstantopoulio General Hospital, 14233 Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Spyridon Skoularigkis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.S.); (N.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Dimitrios E. Magouliotis
- Unit of Quality Improvement, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Niki Skopeliti
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.S.); (N.S.); (F.T.)
| | | | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Department of Therapeutics, Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.S.); (N.S.); (F.T.)
| | - John Skoularigis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (S.S.); (N.S.); (F.T.)
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34
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Glavaški M, Velicki L, Vučinić N. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetic Foundations, Outcomes, Interconnections, and Their Modifiers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1424. [PMID: 37629714 PMCID: PMC10456451 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent heritable cardiomyopathy. HCM is considered to be caused by mutations in cardiac sarcomeric protein genes. Recent research suggests that the genetic foundation of HCM is much more complex than originally postulated. The clinical presentations of HCM are very variable. Some mutation carriers remain asymptomatic, while others develop severe HCM, terminal heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. Heterogeneity regarding both genetic mutations and the clinical course of HCM hinders the establishment of universal genotype-phenotype correlations. However, some trends have been identified. The presence of a mutation in some genes encoding sarcomeric proteins is associated with earlier HCM onset, more severe left ventricular hypertrophy, and worse clinical outcomes. There is a diversity in the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of HCM. They may be classified into groups, but they are interrelated. The lack of known supplementary elements that control the progression of HCM indicates that molecular mechanisms that exist between genotype and clinical presentations may be crucial. Secondary molecular changes in pathways implicated in HCM pathogenesis, post-translational protein modifications, and epigenetic factors affect HCM phenotypes. Cardiac loading conditions, exercise, hypertension, diet, alcohol consumption, microbial infection, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and environmental factors are non-molecular aspects that change the HCM phenotype. Many mechanisms are implicated in the course of HCM. They are mostly interconnected and contribute to some extent to final outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Glavaški
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.V.)
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.V.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Nataša Vučinić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.V.)
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35
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da Silva VL, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, de Campos DHS, Melo AB, Vileigas DF, Coelho PM, Sant’Ana PG, Padovani C, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Bazan SGZ, Leopoldo AS, Cicogna AC. Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Calcium Handling and Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure Resulting from Aortic Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12306. [PMID: 37569680 PMCID: PMC10418739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been used to manage heart disease. AET may totally or partially restore the activity and/or expression of proteins that regulate calcium (Ca2+) handling, optimize intracellular Ca2+ flow, and attenuate cardiac functional impairment in failing hearts. However, the literature presents conflicting data regarding the effects of AET on Ca2+ transit and cardiac function in rats with heart failure resulting from aortic stenosis (AoS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AET on Ca2+ handling and cardiac function in rats with heart failure due to AoS. Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (Sham; n = 61) and aortic stenosis (AoS; n = 44). After 18 weeks, the groups were redistributed into: non-exposed to exercise training (Sham, n = 28 and AoS, n = 22) and trained (Sham-ET, n = 33 and AoS-ET, n = 22) for 10 weeks. Treadmill exercise training was performed with a velocity equivalent to the lactate threshold. The cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiogram, isolated papillary muscles, and isolated cardiomyocytes. During assays of isolated papillary muscles and isolated cardiomyocytes, the Ca2+ concentrations were evaluated. The expression of regulatory proteins for diastolic Ca2+ was assessed via Western Blot. AET attenuated the diastolic dysfunction and improved the systolic function. AoS-ET animals presented an enhanced response to post-rest contraction and SERCA2a and L-type Ca2+ channel blockage compared to the AoS. Furthermore, AET was able to improve aspects of the mechanical function and the responsiveness of the myofilaments to the Ca2+ of the AoS-ET animals. AoS animals presented an alteration in the protein expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and AET restored SERCA2a and NCX levels near normal values. Therefore, AET increased SERCA2a activity and myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ and improved the cellular Ca2+ influx mechanism, attenuating cardiac dysfunction at cellular, tissue, and chamber levels in animals with AoS and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Dijon Henrique Salomé de Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Alexandre Barroso Melo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Carlos Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
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Guo Y, You Y, Shang FF, Wang X, Huang B, Zhao B, Lv D, Yang S, Xie M, Kong L, Du D, Luo S, Tian X, Xia Y. iNOS aggravates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction via activation of the cytosolic-mtDNA-mediated cGAS-STING pathway. Theranostics 2023; 13:4229-4246. [PMID: 37554263 PMCID: PMC10405855 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sterile inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction caused by various conditions including pressure overload in hypertension. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from damaged mitochondria has been implicated in cardiac inflammation. However, the upstream mechanisms governing mtDNA release and how mtDNA activates sterile inflammation in pressure-overloaded hearts remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) on pressure overload-induced cytosolic accumulation of mtDNA and whether mtDNA activated inflammation through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Methods: To investigate whether the cGAS-STING cascade was involved in sterile inflammation and cardiac dysfunction upon pressure overload, cardiomyocyte-specific STING depletion mice and mice injected with adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV-9) to suppress the cGAS-STING cascade in the heart were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). iNOS null mice were used to determine the role of iNOS in cGAS-STING pathway activation in pressure-stressed hearts. Results: iNOS knockout abrogated mtDNA release and alleviated cardiac sterile inflammation resulting in improved cardiac function. Conversely, activating the cGAS-STING pathway blunted the protective effects of iNOS knockout. Moreover, iNOS activated the cGAS-STING pathway in isolated myocytes and this was prevented by depleting cytosolic mtDNA. In addition, disruption of the cGAS-STING pathway suppressed inflammatory cytokine transcription and modulated M1/M2 macrophage polarization, and thus mitigated cardiac remodeling and improved heart function. Finally, increased iNOS expression along with cytosolic mtDNA accumulation and cGAS-STING activation were also seen in human hypertensive hearts. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that mtDNA is released into the cytosol and triggers sterile inflammation through the cGAS-STING pathway leading to cardiac dysfunction after pressure overload. iNOS controls mtDNA release and subsequent cGAS activation in pressure-stressed hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuehua You
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Boying Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dingyi Lv
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dingyuan Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH 43210, USA
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Zhao F, Bai Y, Xiang X, Pang X. The role of fibromodulin in inflammatory responses and diseases associated with inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191787. [PMID: 37483637 PMCID: PMC10360182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that the host organism eliminates threats from foreign objects or endogenous signals. It plays a key role in the progression, prognosis as well as therapy of diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been regarded as the main cause of death worldwide at present, which greatly affect a vast number of individuals, producing economic and social burdens. Thus, developing drugs targeting inflammation has become necessary and attractive in the world. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) exhibit essential roles in various inflammatory responses by acting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in different scenarios of diseases. Of particular interest was a well-studied member, termed fibromodulin (FMOD), which has been largely explored in the role of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of FMOD in inflammatory response including the relationship of FMOD with the complement system and immune cells, as well as the role of FMOD in the diseases associated with inflammation, such as skin wounding healing, osteoarthritis (OA), tendinopathy, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF). By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the role of FMOD in inflammation, which may open the way for the development of new anti-inflammation drugs in the scenarios of different inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Xu J, Qian B, Wang F, Huang Y, Yan X, Li P, Zhang Q, Li Y, Sun K. Global Profile of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy Plasma and Identification of tRF-21-NB8PLML3E as a New Hypertrophy Marker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2065. [PMID: 37370960 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play a role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH). We aimed to clarify the expression profile of tsRNAs and disclose their relationship with the clinical phenotype of PCH and the putative role. METHODS Small RNA sequencing was performed on the plasma of PCH patients and healthy volunteers. In the larger sample size and angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated H9c2 cells, the data were validated by real-time qPCR. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were examined in Ang II-stimulated H9c2 cells. The potential role of tsRNAs in the pathogenesis of PCH was explored by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS A total of 4185 differentially expressed tsRNAs were identified, of which four and five tsRNAs were observed to be significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Of the five downregulated tsRNAs, four were verified to be significantly downregulated in the larger sample group, including tRF-30-3JVIJMRPFQ5D, tRF-16-R29P4PE, tRF-21-NB8PLML3E, and tRF-21-SWRYVMMV0, and the AUC values for diagnosis of concentric hypertrophy were 0.7893, 0.7825, 0.8475, and 0.8825, respectively. The four downregulated tsRNAs were negatively correlated with the left ventricular posterior wall dimensions in PCH patients (r = -0.4227; r = -0.4517; r = -0.5567; r = -0.4223). The levels of ANP and BNP, as well as cell size, were decreased in Ang II-stimulated H9c2 cells with 21-NB8PLML3E mimic transfection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of tRF-21-NB8PLML3E were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathway and involved in the regulation of ribosomes. CONCLUSIONS The plasma tRF-21-NB8PLML3E might be considered as a biomarker and offers early screening potential in patients with PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Buyun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
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Uhlig M, Hein M, Habigt MA, Tolba RH, Braunschweig T, Helmedag MJ, Arici M, Theißen A, Klinkenberg A, Klinge U, Mechelinck M. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Following Bile Duct Ligation in Rats-A Matter of Time? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098147. [PMID: 37175858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients often suffer from cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Previous animal models of CCM were inconsistent concerning the time and mechanism of injury; thus, the temporal dynamics and cardiac vulnerability were studied in more detail. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and a second surgery 28 days later. Cardiac function was assessed by conductance catheter and echocardiography. Histology, gene expression, and serum parameters were analyzed. A chronotropic incompetence (Pd31 < 0.001) and impaired contractility at rest and a reduced contractile reserve (Pd31 = 0.03, Pdob-d31 < 0.001) were seen 31 days after BDL with increased creatine (Pd35, Pd42, and Pd56 < 0.05) and transaminases (Pd31 < 0.001). A total of 56 days after BDL, myocardial fibrosis was seen (Pd56 < 0.001) accompanied by macrophage infiltration (CD68: Pgroup < 0.001) and systemic inflammation (TNFα: Pgroup < 0.001, white blood cell count: Pgroup < 0.001). Myocardial expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) was increased after 31 (Pd31 < 0.001) and decreased after 42 (Pd42 < 0.001) and 56 days (Pd56 < 0.001). Caspase-3 expression was increased 31 and 56 days after BDL (Pd31 = 0.005; Pd56 = 0.005). Structural changes in the myocardium were seen after 8 weeks. After the second surgery (second hit), transient myocardial insufficiency with secondary organ dysfunction was seen, characterized by reduced contractility and contractile reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz A Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius J Helmedag
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Theißen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Rahman MH, Jeong ES, You HS, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Redox-Mechanisms of Molecular Hydrogen Promote Healthful Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 37237854 PMCID: PMC10215238 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases represent the largest threat to public health. Aging is a degenerative, systemic, multifactorial and progressive process, coupled with progressive loss of function and eventually leading to high mortality rates. Excessive levels of both pro- and anti-oxidant species qualify as oxidative stress (OS) and result in damage to molecules and cells. OS plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. In fact, damage due to oxidation depends strongly on the inherited or acquired defects of the redox-mediated enzymes. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently been reported to function as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of several oxidative stress and aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cancer and osteoporosis. Additionally, H2 promotes healthy aging, increases the number of good germs in the intestine that produce more intestinal hydrogen and reduces oxidative stress through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on the therapeutic role of H2 in the treatment of neurological diseases. This review manuscript would be useful in knowing the role of H2 in the redox mechanisms for promoting healthful longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Eun-Sook Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Hae Sun You
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea (C.-S.K.)
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41
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Wiscovitch-Russo R, Ibáñez-Prada ED, Serrano-Mayorga CC, Sievers BL, Engelbride MA, Padmanabhan S, Tan GS, Vashee S, Bustos IG, Pachecho C, Mendez L, Dube PH, Singh H, Reyes LF, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. Major adverse cardiovascular events are associated with necroptosis during severe COVID-19. Crit Care 2023; 27:155. [PMID: 37081485 PMCID: PMC10116454 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 to induce major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are unknown. Thus, we aimed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 can induce necrotic cell death to promote MACE in patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study includes experiments with hamsters and human samples from patients with severe COVID-19. Cytokines and serum biomarkers were analysed in human serum. Cardiac transcriptome analyses were performed in hamsters' hearts. RESULTS From a cohort of 70 patients, MACE was documented in 26% (18/70). Those who developed MACE had higher Log copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2, troponin-I, and pro-BNP in serum. Also, the elevation of IP-10 and a major decrease in levels of IL-17ɑ, IL-6, and IL-1rɑ were observed. No differences were found in the ability of serum antibodies to neutralise viral spike proteins in pseudoviruses from variants of concern. In hamster models, we found a stark increase in viral titters in the hearts 4 days post-infection. The cardiac transcriptome evaluation resulted in the differential expression of ~ 9% of the total transcripts. Analysis of transcriptional changes in the effectors of necroptosis (mixed lineage kinase domain-like, MLKL) and pyroptosis (gasdermin D) showed necroptosis, but not pyroptosis, to be elevated. An active form of MLKL (phosphorylated MLKL, pMLKL) was elevated in hamster hearts and, most importantly, in the serum of MACE patients. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 identification in the systemic circulation is associated with MACE and necroptosis activity. The increased pMLKL and Troponin-I indicated the occurrence of necroptosis in the heart and suggested necroptosis effectors could serve as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Elsa D Ibáñez-Prada
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Cristian C Serrano-Mayorga
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Benjamin L Sievers
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Maeve A Engelbride
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Surya Padmanabhan
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ingrid G Bustos
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Carlos Pachecho
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Lina Mendez
- Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Peter H Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Luis Felipe Reyes
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
- Clinica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
- Pandemic Science Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive Suite 150, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Hung MJ, Yeh CT, Kounis NG, Koniari I, Hu P, Hung MY. Coronary Artery Spasm-Related Heart Failure Syndrome: Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087530. [PMID: 37108691 PMCID: PMC10145866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that becomes worse over time, certain cases can be reversed with appropriate treatments. While coronary artery spasm (CAS) is still underappreciated and may be misdiagnosed, ischemia due to coronary artery disease and CAS is becoming the single most frequent cause of HF worldwide. CAS could lead to syncope, HF, arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemic syndromes such as asymptomatic ischemia, rest and/or effort angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Albeit the clinical significance of asymptomatic CAS has been undervalued, affected individuals compared with those with classic Heberden's angina pectoris are at higher risk of syncope, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden death. As a result, a prompt diagnosis implements appropriate treatment strategies, which have significant life-changing consequences to prevent CAS-related complications, such as HF. Although an accurate diagnosis depends mainly on coronary angiography and provocative testing, clinical characteristics may help decision-making. Because the majority of CAS-related HF (CASHF) patients present with less severe phenotypes than overt HF, it underscores the importance of understanding risk factors correlated with CAS to prevent the future burden of HF. This narrative literature review summarises and discusses separately the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of patients with CASHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City 24201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas G Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26221 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Patrick Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA 92506, USA
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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Lukovic D, Hasimbegovic E, Winkler J, Mester-Tonczar J, Müller-Zlabinger K, Han E, Spannbauer A, Traxler-Weidenauer D, Bergler-Klein J, Pavo N, Goliasch G, Batkai S, Thum T, Zannad F, Gyöngyösi M. Identification of Gene Expression Signatures for Phenotype-Specific Drug Targeting of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087461. [PMID: 37108624 PMCID: PMC10139067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed translational animal models to investigate cardiac profibrotic gene signatures. Domestic pigs were treated with cardiotoxic drugs (doxorubicin, DOX, n = 5 or Myocet®, MYO, n = 5) to induce replacement fibrosis via cardiotoxicity. Reactive interstitial fibrosis was triggered by LV pressure overload by artificial isthmus stenosis with stepwise developing myocardial hypertrophy and final fibrosis (Hyper, n = 3) or by LV volume overload in the adverse remodeled LV after myocardial infarction (RemoLV, n = 3). Sham interventions served as controls and healthy animals (Control, n = 3) served as a reference in sequencing study. Myocardial samples from the LV of each group were subjected to RNA sequencing. RNA-seq analysis revealed a clear distinction between the transcriptomes of myocardial fibrosis (MF) models. Cardiotoxic drugs activated the TNF-alpha and adrenergic signaling pathways. Pressure or volume overload led to the activation of FoxO pathway. Significant upregulation of pathway components enabled the identification of potential drug candidates used for the treatment of heart failure, such as ACE inhibitors, ARB, ß-blockers, statins and diuretics specific to the distinct MF models. We identified candidate drugs in the groups of channel blockers, thiostrepton that targets the FOXM1-regulated ACE conversion to ACE2, tyrosine kinases or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor inhibitors. Our study identified different gene targets involved in the development of distinct preclinical MF protocols enabling tailoring expression signature-based approach for the treatment of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ena Hasimbegovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Mester-Tonczar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Müller-Zlabinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilie Han
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler-Weidenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Hannover Medical School Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm Clinical Investigation Centre, Université de Lorraine, CHU, 54052 Nancy, France
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Leancă SA, Afrăsânie I, Crișu D, Matei IT, Duca ȘT, Costache AD, Onofrei V, Tudorancea I, Mitu O, Bădescu MC, Șerban LI, Costache II. Cardiac Reverse Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Disease with Novel Therapies for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1000. [PMID: 37109529 PMCID: PMC10143569 DOI: 10.3390/life13041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvements in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) over the past 20 years, ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF). In clinical trials, over 70% of patients diagnosed with HF had IHD as the underlying cause. Furthermore, IHD predicts a worse outcome for patients with HF, leading to a substantial increase in late morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In recent years, new pharmacological therapies have emerged for the treatment of HF, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, selective cardiac myosin activators, and oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, demonstrating clear or potential benefits in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Interventional strategies such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, cardiac contractility modulation, or baroreflex activation therapy might provide additional therapeutic benefits by improving symptoms and promoting reverse remodeling. Furthermore, cardiac regenerative therapies such as stem cell transplantation could become a new therapeutic resource in the management of HF. By analyzing the existing data from the literature, this review aims to evaluate the impact of new HF therapies in patients with IHD in order to gain further insight into the best form of therapeutic management for this large proportion of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Andreea Leancă
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Afrăsânie
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Crișu
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Iulian Theodor Matei
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ștefania Teodora Duca
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iași, Romania
| | - Viviana Onofrei
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Tudorancea
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Sanchez KK, McCarville JL, Stengel SJ, Snyder JM, Williams AE, Ayres JS. Age-dependent roles of cardiac remodeling in sepsis defense and pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532695. [PMID: 36993409 PMCID: PMC10055033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Disease tolerance is a defense strategy essential for survival of infections, limiting physiological damage without killing the pathogen. The disease course and pathology a pathogen may cause can change over the lifespan of a host due to the structural and functional physiological changes that accumulate with age. Since successful disease tolerance responses require the host to engage mechanisms that are compatible with the disease course and pathology caused by an infection, we predicted that this defense strategy would change with age. Animals infected with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of a pathogen often display distinct health and sickness trajectories due to differences in disease tolerance, and thus can be used to delineate tolerance mechanisms. Using a polymicrobial sepsis model, we found that despite having the same LD50, old and young susceptible mice exhibited distinct disease courses. Young survivors employed a cardioprotective mechanism via FoxO1-mediated regulation of the ubiquitin-proteosome system that was necessary for survival and protection from cardiomegaly. This same mechanism was a driver of sepsis pathogenesis in aged hosts, causing catabolic remodeling of the heart and death. Our findings have implications for the tailoring of therapy to the age of an infected individual and suggest that disease tolerance alleles may exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina K. Sanchez
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Justin L. McCarville
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Sarah J. Stengel
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - April E. Williams
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Janelle S. Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Gene Expression Lab, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Washington, Seattle WA
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Cziraki A, Nemeth Z, Szabados S, Nagy T, Szántó M, Nyakas C, Koller A. Morphological and Functional Remodeling of the Ischemic Heart Correlates with Homocysteine Levels. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030122. [PMID: 36975886 PMCID: PMC10056082 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) is involved in various methylation processes, and its plasma level is increased in cardiac ischemia. Thus, we hypothesized that levels of homocysteine correlate with the morphological and functional remodeling of ischemic hearts. Thus, we aimed to measure the Hcy levels in the plasma and pericardial fluid (PF) and correlate them with morphological and functional changes in the ischemic hearts of humans. Methods: Concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) of plasma and PF were measured in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (n = 14). Left-ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter (LVED), LV end-systolic diameter (LVES), right atrial, left atrial (LA) area, thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and right ventricular outflow tract end-diastolic area (RVOT EDA) of CABG and non-cardiac patients (NCP; n = 10) were determined by echocardiography, and LV mass was calculated (cLVM). Results: Positive correlations were found between Hcy levels of plasma and PF, tHcy levels and LVED, LVES and LA, and an inverse correlation was found between tHcy levels and LVEF. cLVM, IVS, and RVOT EDA were higher in CABG with elevated tHcy (>12 µM/L) compared to NCP. In addition, we found a higher cTn-I level in the PF compared to the plasma of CABG patients (0.08 ± 0.02 vs. 0.01 ± 0.003 ng/mL, p < 0.001), which was ~10 fold higher than the normal level. Conclusions: We propose that homocysteine is an important cardiac biomarker and may have an important role in the development of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in chronic myocardial ischemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Cziraki
- Heart Institute, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.C.)
| | - Zoltan Nemeth
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University (ELRN-SU), Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Szabados
- Heart Institute, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.C.)
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Márk Szántó
- Heart Institute, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (A.C.)
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University (ELRN-SU), Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-914-594-4085 or +36-70-902-0681
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Seksaria S, Mehan S, Dutta BJ, Gupta GD, Ganti SS, Singh A. Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23330. [PMID: 36890713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Indeed, many reports in the literature indicate that various signaling pathways, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β/smad pathways, are involved in diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, which increases the risk of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. Therefore, targeting these pathways augments the prevention as well as treatment of patients with DCM. Alternative pharmacotherapy, such as that using natural compounds, has been shown to have promising therapeutic effects. Thus, this article reviews the potential role of the quinazoline alkaloid, oxymatrine obtained from the Sophora flavescensin CDM associated with diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have given a therapeutic glimpse of the role of oxymatrine in the multiple secondary complications related to diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular complications via reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which might be due to targeting signaling pathways, such as AMPK, SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β pathways. Thus, these pathways are considered central regulators of diabetes and its secondary complications, and targeting these pathways with oxymatrine might provide a therapeutic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Bhaskar J Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
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Ginsenoside Re inhibits myocardial fibrosis by regulating miR-489/myd88/NF-κB pathway. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:218-227. [PMID: 36926602 PMCID: PMC10014187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an advanced pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases, which can induce heart failure and malignant arrhythmias. However, the current treatment of MF lacks specific drugs. Ginsenoside Re has anti-MF effect in rat, but its mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, we investigated the anti-MF effect of ginsenoside Re by constructing mouse acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model and AngⅡ induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) model. Methods The anti-MF effect of miR-489 was investigated by transfection of miR-489 mimic and inhibitor in CFs. Effect of ginsenoside Re on MF and its related mechanisms were investigated by ultrasonographic, ELISA, histopathologic staining, transwell test, immunofluorescence, Western blot and qPCR in the mouse model of AMI and the AngⅡ-induced CFs model. Results MiR-489 decreased the expression of α-SMA, collagenⅠ, collagen Ⅲ and myd88, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in normal CFs and CFs treated with AngⅡ. Ginsenoside Re could improve cardiac function, inhibit collagen deposition and CFs migration, promote the transcription of miR-489, and reduce the expression of myd88 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Conclusion MiR-489 can effectively inhibit the pathological process of MF, and the mechanism is at least partly related to the regulation of myd88/NF-κB pathway. Ginsenoside Re can ameliorate AMI and AngⅡ induced MF, and the mechanism is at least partially related to the regulation of miR-489/myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-489 may be a potential target of anti-MF and ginsenoside Re may be an effective drug for the treatment of MF.
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Yang M, Wang W, Wang L, Li Y. Circ_0001052 promotes cardiac hypertrophy via elevating Hipk3. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1025-1038. [PMID: 36800233 PMCID: PMC10008499 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a crucial risk factor for sudden death. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert significant effects in various biological and pathological processes. Circ_0001052 is sourced from Hipk3 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3) and is reported to aggravate myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the role and mechanism of circ-Hipk3 in CH. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to create an in vivo CH model, and angiotensin II (Ang II) therapy was used to create an in vitro CH model in cardiomyocytes (CMs). It was uncovered that circ_0001052 exerted pro-hypertrophic effects in Ang II-treated CMs. Next, the circular characteristics of circ_0001052 were verified, and we identified that circ_0001052 positively regulated Hipk3. Hipk3 exerted the same functions as circ_0001052 did. It is significant to note that circ_0001052 acted as the ceRNA of Hipk3 by sponging miR-148a-3p and miR-124-3p. According to rescue assays, miR-148a-3p and miR-124-3p partially reversed the effects of circ_0001052. Further, we testified that circ_0001052 recruited Srsf1 to stabilize Hipk3. Finally, rescue assays demonstrated that circ_0001052 promoted CH via up-regulation of Hipk3. In conclusion, our work unveiled that circ_0001052 promoted hypertrophic effects through elevating Hipk3 via sponging miR-148a-3p and miR-124-3p and recruiting Srsf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Longlong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Guan S, Xin Y, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Han W. Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure via SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200730. [PMID: 36639922 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling may lead to the development and progression of heart failure, which is lack of effective clinical treatment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), a primary ingredient of Panax ginseng, protects against diverse cardiovascular disease, but its effects on cardiac remodeling remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of GRg1 on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. GRg1 significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling in mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, reflected by reduced left ventricular dilation and decreased cardiac fibrosis, accompanied by improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, GRg1 considerably increased mitophagosomes formation, ameliorated cardiac mitochondria damage, and enhanced SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy during cardiac remodeling. Consistently, GRg1 increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis and fibrotic responses in H2 O2 -treated H9c2 cells by promoting the SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin axis. Furthermore, SIRT1-specific inhibitor (EX527) or the use of small interfering RNA against Parkin abolished the protective effect of GRg1 in vitro. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of GRg1 alleviating cardiac remodeling via enhancing SIRT1/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Guan
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yagang Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qingliu Zhang
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
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