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Henedak NT, El-Abhar HS, Soubh AA, Abdallah DM. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A central player in renal pathologies and nephropathy. Life Sci 2024; 351:122813. [PMID: 38857655 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic oligomer NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in most inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we highlight the significance of NLRP3 in diverse renal disorders, demonstrating its activation in macrophages and non-immune tubular epithelial and mesangial cells in response to various stimuli. This activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic renal injury, or fibrosis. In AKI, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptotic renal tubular cell death is driven by contrast and chemotherapeutic agents, sepsis, and rhabdomyolysis. Nevertheless, inflammasome is provoked in disorders such as crystal and diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related renal fibrosis, lupus nephritis, and hypertension-induced renal damage that induce chronic kidney injury and/or fibrosis. The mechanisms by which the inflammatory NLRP3/ Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a Caspase recruitment domain (ASC)/caspase-1/interleukin (IL)-1β & IL-18 pathway can turn on renal fibrosis is also comprehended. This review further outlines the involvement of dopamine and its associated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2-D4) subtypes, in regulating this inflammation-linked renal dysfunction pathway. Hence, we identify D-related receptors as promising targets for renal disease management by inhibiting the functionality of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada T Henedak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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2
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Javalgekar M, Jupp B, Vivash L, O'Brien TJ, Wright DK, Jones NC, Ali I. Inflammasomes at the crossroads of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:172. [PMID: 39014496 PMCID: PMC11250980 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is one of the most drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Novel therapeutic treatment options are an urgent unmet clinical need. The current focus in healthcare has been shifting to disease prevention, rather than treatment, though, not much progress has been made due to a limited understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and may impact neurological sequelae following TBI including functional behavior and post-traumatic epilepsy development. Inflammasome signaling is one of the major components of the neuroinflammatory response, which is increasingly being explored for its contribution to the epileptogenic mechanisms and a novel therapeutic target against epilepsy. This review discusses the role of inflammasomes as a possible connecting link between TBI and PTE with a particular focus on clinical and preclinical evidence of therapeutic inflammasome targeting and its downstream effector molecules for their contribution to epileptogenesis. Finally, we also discuss emerging evidence indicating the potential of evaluating inflammasome proteins in biofluids and the brain by non-invasive neuroimaging, as potential biomarkers for predicting PTE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Javalgekar
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bianca Jupp
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy Vivash
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Idrish Ali
- The Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, 99, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, 99 commercial road, Melbourne, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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3
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Barrientos G, Schuman ML, Landa MS, Robello E, Incardona C, Conrad ML, Galleano M, García SI. Therapeutic Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid in a Rat Preclinical Model of Preeclampsia: Focus on Maternal Signs, Fetal Growth and Placental Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:730. [PMID: 38929169 PMCID: PMC11200649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. We previously demonstrated that pregnant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) display a spontaneous PE-like phenotype with distinct placental, fetal, and maternal features. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, during early pregnancy could ameliorate the PE phenotype in this model. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnancies were established using 10 to 12-week-old SHRSP females (n = 19-16/group), which were assigned to two treatment groups: ALA (injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg body weight ALA on gestation day (GD1, GD8, and GD12) or control, receiving saline following the same protocol. Our analysis of maternal signs showed that ALA prevented the pregnancy-dependent maternal blood pressure rise (GD14 blood pressure control 169.3 ± 19.4 mmHg vs. 146.1 ± 13.4 mmHg, p = 0.0001) and ameliorated renal function, as noted by the increased creatinine clearance and improved glomerular histology in treated dams. Treatment also improved the fetal growth restriction (FGR) phenotype, leading to increased fetal weights (ALA 2.19 ± 0.5 g vs. control 1.98 ± 0.3 g, p = 0.0074) and decreased cephalization indexes, indicating a more symmetric fetal growth pattern. This was associated with improved placental efficiency, decreased oxidative stress marker expression on GD14, and serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) levels on GD20. In conclusion, ALA supplementation mitigated maternal signs and improved placental function and fetal growth in SHRSP pregnancies, emerging as a promising therapy in pregnancies at high risk for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina
| | - Mariano L. Schuman
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
| | - Maria S. Landa
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Robello
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (E.R.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Claudio Incardona
- Fundación GADOR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1414CUI, Argentina;
| | - Melanie L. Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Monica Galleano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (E.R.); (M.G.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Silvia I. García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1118AAT, Argentina;
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina; (M.L.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Departamento de Cardiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARN, Argentina
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Shadab A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Saharkhiz M, Ahadi SH, Shokouhi B, Nahand JS. The interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications and animal model studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116673. [PMID: 38713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex of the innate immune system, serves an essential role in the pathogenesis of MS by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & IL-18) and the induction of pyroptotic cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main potential factors that can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lead to inflammation and axonal damage in MS. This highlights the importance of understanding how mitochondrial dynamics modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity and contribute to the inflammatory and neurodegenerative features of MS. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the urge for the introduction of new therapeutic strategies led us to review the therapeutic potential of targeting the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the NLRP3 inflammasome in MS. This paper also evaluates the natural and synthetic compounds that can improve mitochondrial function and/or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby providing neuroprotection. Moreover, it summarizes the evidence from animal models of MS that demonstrate the beneficial effects of these compounds on reducing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Finally, this review advocates for a deeper investigation into the molecular crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3 inflammasome as a means to refine therapeutic targets for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shadab
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Department of immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular and molecular research center, Birjand University of medical sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Shokouhi
- Pathology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ouyang J, Hong Y, Wan Y, He X, Geng B, Yang X, Xiang J, Cai J, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Peng N, Jiang Y, Liu J. PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and ROS generation in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111271. [PMID: 38006749 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pinaverium bromide (PVB) has been shown to protect mice against sepsis, which is predominantly attributed to PVB-mediated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting primed neutrophils to produce proinflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which PVB affects neutrophils remains unknown. In this study, we report that treatment with PVB either before or after LPS stimulation attenuated IL-1β and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-activated murine neutrophils. Further experiments revealed that PVB inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and IκBα in LPS-stimulated murine neutrophils. Moreover, PVB reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via regulating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity, as represented by inhibiting p47phox translocation from the cytoplasm to the cellular membrane. Importantly, PVB significantly attenuated IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 production in both LPS-stimulated low density neutrophils (LDNs) and normal density neutrophils (NDNs) isolated from septic patients. Collectively, we demonstrated that PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating ROS generation and suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PVB may act as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil priming and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingxuan Geng
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Liu Z, Cheng P, Feng T, Xie Z, Yang M, Chen Z, Hu S, Han D, Chen W. Nrf2/HO-1 blocks TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction via elimination of ROS in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal necroptosis. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148482. [PMID: 37442251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is known to trigger a cascade of inflammatory events that induces secondary tissue damages. As a type of regulated inflammatory cell death, necroptosis is associated with AIS, whilst its regulation during neuroinflammation is not well understood. In particular, the actual function of NOD-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3(NLRP3) inflammasome in cortical neuronal necroptosis still not clear. Herein, we explored the function of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced neuronal necroptosis and its underlying mechanism. To establish an in vitro model of neuronal necrosis, we used OGD/caspase-8 inhibitors (Q-VD-OPh, QVD) to treat rat primary cortical neurons (PCNs) after reoxygenation, wherein we found that the model cause an elevated ROS levels by mediating TXNIP/NLRP3 interactions, which in turn activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Also, we observed that regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) promoted heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and decreased TXNIP (a protein that relate oxidative stress to activation of inflammasome) and ROS levels, which negatively regulated the expression of OGD-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. In addition, HO-1 weakened NLRP3 inflammation body activation, which suggests that Nrf2-regulated HO-1 could block the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 in OGD/R-treated cortical neurons by inhibiting ROS production. Our study has discovered the importance of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade for inhibiting inflammasome of NLRP3, which negatively regulated necrosis. Therefore, NLRP3 is considered a potential target for a novel neuroprotective approach, which can expand the therapeutic windows of stroke drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China
| | - Meifang Yang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Zhiren Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dong Han
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital/The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University/ XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China.
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Wang J, Lu Y, Carr C, Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. Senolytic therapy is neuroprotective and improves functional outcome long-term after traumatic brain injury in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1227705. [PMID: 37575310 PMCID: PMC10416099 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1227705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic neuroinflammation can exist for months to years following traumatic brain injury (TBI), although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods In the current study, we used a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI to examine whether proinflammatory senescent cells are present in the brain long-term (months) after TBI and whether ablation of these cells via administration of senolytic drugs can improve long-term functional outcome after TBI. The results revealed that astrocytes and microglia in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum and lateral posterior thalamus colocalized the senescent cell markers, p16Ink4a or p21Cip1/Waf1 at 5 weeks post injury (5wpi) and 4 months post injury (4mpi) in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Intermittent administration of the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) beginning 1-month after TBI for 13 weeks significantly ablated p16Ink4a-positive- and p21Cip1/Waf1-positive-cells in the brain of TBI animals, and significantly reduced expression of the major senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) pro-inflammatory factors, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Senolytic treatment also significantly attenuated neurodegeneration and enhanced neuron number at 18 weeks after TBI in the ipsilateral cortex, hippocampus, and lateral posterior thalamus. Behavioral testing at 18 weeks after TBI further revealed that senolytic therapy significantly rescued defects in spatial reference memory and recognition memory, as well as depression-like behavior in TBI mice. Discussion Taken as a whole, these findings indicate there is robust and widespread induction of senescent cells in the brain long-term after TBI, and that senolytic drug treatment begun 1-month after TBI can efficiently ablate the senescent cells, reduce expression of proinflammatory SASP factors, reduce neurodegeneration, and rescue defects in reference memory, recognition memory, and depressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Darrell W. Brann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Bang J, Son KH, Heo HR, Park E, Kwak HJ, Uhm KO, Chung MH, Kim YY, Lim HJ. Exogenous 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Attenuates PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Decreasing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1189. [PMID: 37371919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces lung injury by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. ROS aggravates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which activates caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 and induces pyroptosis; these factors propagate inflammation. In contrast, treatment with exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreases RAC1 activity and eventually decreases dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) and ROS generation. To establish modalities that would mitigate PM2.5-induced lung injury, we evaluated whether 8-OHdG decreased PM2.5-induced ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BEAS-2B cells. CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays were used to determine the treatment concentration. Fluorescence intensity, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting assays were also performed. Treatment with 80 μg/mL PM2.5 increased ROS generation, RAC1 activity, NOX1 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) activity, and IL-1β and IL-18 levels in cells; treatment with 10 μg/mL 8-OHdG significantly attenuated these effects. Furthermore, similar results, such as reduced expression of NOX1, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, were observed in PM2.5-treated BEAS-2B cells when treated with an RAC1 inhibitor. These results show that 8-OHdG mitigates ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammation by inhibiting RAC1 activity and NOX1 expression in respiratory cells exposed to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Bang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeon Heo
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwak
- Major of Life Science, Division of Bioconvergence, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Uhm
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Youl Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
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Zhou W, Zhao L, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Li M. Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5. [PMID: 37067749 PMCID: PMC10106324 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, or the heart may have an impact on the metabolism and function and metabolism of the healthy and diseased brain. Despite a mounting amount of evidence supports such bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs, research on the function of molecular mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is in the early stages. In addition to being able to target or reach practically any organ, EVs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to transport a range of substances (lipids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) to recipient cells, exerting biological effects. Here, we review the function of EVs in bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs. In a small number of cases, the role has been explicitly proven; yet, in most cases, it relies on indirect evidence from EVs in cell culture or animal models. There is a dearth of research currently available on the function of EVs-carrying mediators in the bidirectional communication between the brain and bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, heart, lungs, and gut. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine how EVs facilitate communication between the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zelu Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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10
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Thapa P, Upadhyay SP, Singh V, Boinpelly VC, Zhou J, Johnson DK, Gurung P, Lee ES, Sharma R, Sharma M. Chalcone: A potential scaffold for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY REPORTS 2023; 7:100100. [PMID: 37033416 PMCID: PMC10081147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overactivated NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to associate with an increasing number of disease conditions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in caspase-1-catalyzed formation of active pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) resulting in pyroptosis. The multi-protein composition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its sensitivity to several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) make this extensively studied inflammasome an attractive target to treat chronic conditions. However, none of the known NLRP3 inhibitors has been approved for clinical use. Sulfonylurea and covalent inhibitors with electrophilic warhead (Michael acceptor) are among the prominent classes of compounds explored for their NLRP3 inhibitory effects. Chalcone, a small molecule with α, β unsaturated carbonyl group (Michael acceptor), has also been studied as a promising scaffold for the development of NLRP3 inhibitors. Low molecular weight, easy to manipulate lipophilicity and cost-effectiveness have attracted many to use chalcone scaffold for drug development. In this review, we highlight chalcone derivatives with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activities. Recent developments and potential new directions summarized here will, hopefully, serve as valuable perspectives for investigators including medicinal chemists and drug discovery researchers to utilize chalcone as a scaffold for developing novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Division of Neurology, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Varun C. Boinpelly
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David K. Johnson
- Department of Computational Chemical Biology Core, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Core, University of Kansas, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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11
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Chakraborty R, Tabassum H, Parvez S. NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: Its implication in the disease pathophysiology and potential as a therapeutic target. Life Sci 2023; 314:121352. [PMID: 36592789 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acquired brain injury imparted by a mechanical trauma to the head, has significant ramifications in terms of long-term disability and cost of healthcare. TBI is characterized by an initial phase of cell death owing to direct mechanical injury, followed by a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. Activation of inflammasome complexes triggers a cascade that leads to activation of inflammatory mediators such as caspase-1, Interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β, eventually causing pyroptosis. NLRP3 inflammasome, a component of the innate immune response, has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI. Recent findings indicate that NLRP3 inhibitors can potentially ameliorate neuroinflammation and improve cognition and motor function in TBI. The NLRP3 inflammasome also holds potential as a predictive biomarker for the long-term sequelae following TBI. Although several therapeutic agents have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, none of them have been effective in human trials for TBI, to date. Thus, it is imperative that such promising therapeutic candidates are evaluated in clinical trials to assess their efficacy in alleviating neurological impairments in TBI. This review offers an insight into the pathophysiology of TBI, with an emphasis on neuroinflammation in the aftermath of TBI. We highlight the NLRP3 inflammasome and explore its role in the neuroinflammatory cascade in TBI. We also shed light on its potential as a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Chakraborty
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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12
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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13
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Donaldson J, Tomaszewska E, Baranowska-Wójcik E. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols-Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032258. [PMID: 36768580 PMCID: PMC9916817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed countries, the percentage of patients with depressive disorders may be as high as 10%. During depression, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased markers of oxidative stress, and a reduction in the antioxidant effectiveness of the body are observed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of depressed patients do not respond to traditional pharmacological treatments. However, more and more attention is being paid to the influence of active ingredients in food on the course and risk of neurological disorders, including depression. The possibility of using foods containing polyphenols as an element of diet therapy in depression was analyzed in the review. The possibility of whether the consumption of products such as polyphenols could alleviate the course of depression or prevent the progression of it was also considered. Results from preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of phenolic compounds have the potential to reduce depressive behaviors by regulating factors related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna St. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Kattan D, Barsa C, Mekhijian S, Shakkour Z, Jammoul M, Doumit M, Zabala MCP, Darwiche N, Eid AH, Mechref Y, Wang KK, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Munoz Pareja JC, Kobeissy F. Inflammasomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in traumatic brain injury and related-neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104969. [PMID: 36423707 PMCID: PMC9805531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the ambiguity surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology and the lack of any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neurotherapeutic drugs, there is an increasing need to better understand the mechanisms of TBI. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes have been highlighted as both potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in different neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, inflammasome activation plays a pivotal function in the central nervous system (CNS) response to many neurological conditions, as well as to several neurodegenerative disorders, specifically, TBI. This comprehensive review summarizes and critically discusses the mechanisms that govern the activation and assembly of inflammasome complexes and the major methods used to study inflammasome activation in TBI and its implication for other neurodegenerative disorders. Also, we will review how inflammasome activation is critical in CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis, and how it can impact chronic TBI sequalae and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we discuss the recent updates on inflammasome-related biomarkers and the potential to utilize inflammasomes as putative therapeutic targets that hold the potential to better diagnose and treat subjects with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Kattan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarin Mekhijian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Doumit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Camila Pareja Zabala
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Tian HL, Wang W, Gong QY, Cai L, Jing Y, Yang DX, Yuan F, Chen H. Knockout of Sirt2 alleviates traumatic brain injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:350-356. [PMID: 35900429 PMCID: PMC9396492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibition or Sirt2 knockout in animal models protects against the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemia. However, the role of SIRT2 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. In this study, we found that knockout of Sirt2 in a mouse model of TBI reduced brain edema, attenuated disruption of the blood-brain barrier, decreased expression of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, reduced the activity of the effector caspase-1, reduced neuroinflammation and neuronal pyroptosis, and improved neurological function. Knockout of Sirt2 in a mechanical stretch injury cell model in vitro also decreased expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that knockout of Sirt2 is neuroprotective against TBI; therefore, Sirt2 could be a novel target for TBI treatment.
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16
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Dong N, Li F. NLRP3 inflammasome: The rising star in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:927061. [PMID: 36204568 PMCID: PMC9530053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.927061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the prevalent cause of mortality around the world. Activation of inflammasome contributes to the pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and calcific aortic valve disease. The nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in the innate immune response, requiring priming and activation signals to provoke the inflammation. Evidence shows that NLRP3 inflammasome not only boosts the cleavage and release of IL-1 family cytokines, but also leads to a distinct cell programmed death: pyroptosis. The significance of NLRP3 inflammasome in the CVDs-related inflammation has been extensively explored. In this review, we summarized current understandings of the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in CVDs and discussed possible therapeutic options targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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17
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Wang LC, Wei WY, Ho PC. Short-Term Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Acute Stage of Traumatic Brain Injury Improves Functional Recovery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081965. [PMID: 36009512 PMCID: PMC9405844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional restoration is an important issue in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Various electrical stimulation devices and protocols have been applied in preclinical studies and have shown therapeutic potential for brain trauma. Short-term invasive cortical electrical stimulation during the acute stage of TBI might be a feasible adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe brain injury receiving neurosurgical treatment in the intensive care unit. However, the therapeutic effects of short-term multisession cortical electrical stimulation for brain trauma are not clear. This study explored the therapeutic effects of acute-stage short-term cortical electrical stimulation on TBI. We conducted seven sessions of one-hour cortical electrical stimulation from day 0 to day 6 in rats after brain trauma by controlled cortical impact and then evaluated the functional outcome and histopathological changes. Our data showed that short-term cortical electrical stimulation improved motor coordination, short-term memory, and learning ability and attenuated neurological severity after brain trauma. Lesion volume, apoptosis, and gliosis after brain trauma were reduced, and trauma-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus for the innate neural reparative response was increased. Our study demonstrated that short-term cortical electrical stimulation applied in the acute stage of traumatic brain injury is a potential adjuvant therapy to improve the recovery of neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5284)
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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18
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Yang Y, Lv S, Wang Z, Liu J. Selenium Ameliorates S. aureus-Induced Inflammation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulating ROS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3171-3175. [PMID: 34535880 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the regulation effects of selenium (Se) on the expression of pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were detected. bMECs were treated with 8 μmol/L Na2SeO3 for 12 h before infection with S. aureus for 2 h. Through flow cytometry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of ROS and NLRP3 imflammasome was detected. Results showed Se significantly reduced the ROS level in bMECs; at the same time, the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, Pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β were also decreased. In conclusion, Se inhibits S. aureus-induced inflammation by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS in bMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, 276012, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Junjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071001, China.
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19
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Shao F, Wang X, Wu H, Wu Q, Zhang J. Microglia and Neuroinflammation: Crucial Pathological Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:825086. [PMID: 35401152 PMCID: PMC8990307 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.825086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) with high mortality and morbidity. Patients with TBI usually suffer many sequelae in the life time post injury, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the pathological mechanisms connecting these two processes have not yet been fully elucidated. It is important to further investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying TBI and TBI-induced neurodegeneration, which will promote the development of precise treatment target for these notorious neurodegenerative consequences after TBI. A growing body of evidence shows that neuroinflammation is a pivotal pathological process underlying chronic neurodegeneration following TBI. Microglia, as the immune cells in the CNS, play crucial roles in neuroinflammation and many other CNS diseases. Of interest, microglial activation and functional alteration has been proposed as key mediators in the evolution of chronic neurodegenerative pathology following TBI. Here, we review the updated studies involving phenotypical and functional alterations of microglia in neurodegeneration after injury, survey key molecules regulating the activities and functional responses of microglia in TBI pathology, and explore their potential implications to chronic neurodegeneration after injury. The work will give us a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms driving TBI-related neurodegeneration and offer novel ideas of developing corresponding prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Shao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wu,
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jianmin Zhang,
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20
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Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling in the central nervous system and the potential of its pharmacological inhibitors to halt the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:821-842. [PMID: 35290551 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1)/Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) signaling axis plays an essential role in the development, maintenance, and proliferation of macrophage lineage cells. Within the central nervous system, CSF-1R signaling primarily maintains microglial homeostasis. Microglia, being the resident macrophage and first responder to any neurological insults, plays critical importance in overall health of the human brain. Aberrant and sustained activation of microglia along with continued proliferation and release of neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines have been reported in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, halting the neuroinflammatory pathway via targeting microglial proliferation, which depends on CSF-1R signaling, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. However, apart from regulating the microglial function, recently it has been discovered that CSF-1R has much broader role in central nervous system. These findings limit the therapeutic utility of CSF-1R inhibitors but also highlight the need for a complete understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. Moreover, it has been found that selective inhibitors of CSF-1R may be more efficient in avoiding non-specific targeting and associated side effects. Short-term depletion of microglial population in diseased conditions have also been found to be beneficial; however, the dose and therapeutic window for optimum effects may need to be standardized further.This review summarizes the present understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. We discuss the CSF-1R signaling in the context of microglia function, crosstalk between microglia and astroglia, and regulation of neuronal cell function. We also discuss a few of the neurological disorders with a focus on the utility of CSF-1R inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of neurological diseases.
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21
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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22
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Quijano A, Diaz-Ruiz C, Lopez-Lopez A, Villar-Cheda B, Muñoz A, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin Type-1 Receptor Inhibition Reduces NLRP3 Inflammasome Upregulation Induced by Aging and Neurodegeneration in the Substantia Nigra of Male Rodents and Primary Mesencephalic Cultures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020329. [PMID: 35204211 PMCID: PMC8868290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to be involved in prooxidative and proinflammatory changes observed in aging and aging-related diseases such as dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We studied the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the substantia nigra with aging and early stages of dopaminergic degeneration in PD models and, particularly, if the brain RAS, via its prooxidative proinflammatory angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 (AT1) receptors, mediates the inflammasome activation. Nigras from aged rats and mice and 6-hydroxydopamine PD models showed upregulation in transcription of inflammasome-related components (NLRP3, pro-IL1β and pro-IL18) and IL1β and IL18 protein levels, which was inhibited by the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan. The role of the AngII/AT1 axis in inflammasome activation was further confirmed in rats intraventricularly injected with AngII, and in primary mesencephalic cultures treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, which showed inflammasome activation that was blocked by candesartan. Observations in the nigra of young and aged AT1 and AT2 knockout mice confirmed the major role of AT1 receptors in nigral inflammasome activation. In conclusion, the inflammasome is upregulated by aging and dopaminergic degeneration in the substantia nigra, possibly related with a decrease in dopamine levels, and it is mediated by the AngII/AT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloia Quijano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
| | - Carmen Diaz-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Lopez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.Q.); (C.D.-R.); (A.L.-L.); (B.V.-C.); (A.M.); (A.I.R.-P.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-812223
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23
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Zhou C, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wu J. TI: NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in CNS Trauma: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821225. [PMID: 35186932 PMCID: PMC8847380 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. TBI and SCI have similar pathophysiological mechanisms and are often accompanied by serious inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-dependent programmed cell death, is becoming a major problem in CNS post-traumatic injury. Notably, the pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key protein in the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Therefore, underlying mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of CNS trauma has attracted much attention. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis signaling pathway, including its prime and activation. Moreover, the dynamic expression pattern, and roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CNS post-traumatic injury are summarized. The therapeutic applications of NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Wu,
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24
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Inhibition of the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 Axis by Baicalin Reduces NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:1805147. [PMID: 34790063 PMCID: PMC8592748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1805147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a significant threat to global health as it induces granuloma and systemic inflammatory responses during active tuberculosis. Mtb can induce macrophage pyroptosis, leading to the release of IL-1β and tissue damage, promoting its spread. Here, we established an in vitro Mtb-infected macrophage model to seek an effective antipyroptosis agent. Baicalin, isolated from Radix Scutellariae, was found to reduce pyroptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages. Baicalin could inhibit activation of the PERK/eIF2α pathway and thus downregulates TXNIP expression and subsequently reduces activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in reduced pyroptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages. In conclusion, baicalin reduced pyroptosis by inhibiting the PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis and might thus be a new adjuvant host-directed therapy (HDT) drug.
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25
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Brown CE, Weaver DF, Reed MA. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:579-598. [PMID: 34569958 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although AD is one of the most socioeconomically devastating diseases confronting humanity, no "curative" disease modifying drug has been identified. Recent decades have witnessed repeated failures of drug trials and have called into question the utility of the amyloid hypothesis approach to AD therapeutics design. Accordingly, new neurochemical processes are being evaluated and explored as sources of alternative druggable targets. Among these newly identified targets, neuroinflammation is emerging as a front-runner, and within the realm of neuroinflammation, the inflammasome, particularly the NLRP3 complex, is garnering focussed attention. This review summarizes current data and approaches to understanding the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and AD, and systematically identifies and evaluates multiple targets within the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade as putative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Barrett JP, Knoblach SM, Bhattacharya S, Gordish-Dressman H, Stoica BA, Loane DJ. Traumatic Brain Injury Induces cGAS Activation and Type I Interferon Signaling in Aged Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710608. [PMID: 34504493 PMCID: PMC8423402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging adversely affects inflammatory processes in the brain, which has important implications in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), aged animals exhibit worsened neurological function and exacerbated microglial-associated neuroinflammation. Type I Interferons (IFN-I) contribute to the development of TBI neuropathology. Further, the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway, a key inducer of IFN-I responses, has been implicated in neuroinflammatory activity in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we set out to investigate the effects of TBI on cGAS/STING activation, IFN-I signaling and neuroinflammation in young and aged C57Bl/6 male mice. Using a controlled cortical impact model, we evaluated transcriptomic changes in the injured cortex at 24 hours post-injury, and confirmed activation of key neuroinflammatory pathways in biochemical studies. TBI induced changes were highly enriched for transcripts that were involved in inflammatory responses to stress and host defense. Deeper analysis revealed that TBI increased expression of IFN-I related genes (e.g. Ifnb1, Irf7, Ifi204, Isg15) and IFN-I signaling in the injured cortex of aged compared to young mice. There was also a significant age-related increase in the activation of the DNA-recognition pathway, cGAS, which is a key mechanism to propagate IFN-I responses. Finally, enhanced IFN-I signaling in the aged TBI brain was confirmed by increased phosphorylation of STAT1, an important IFN-I effector molecule. This age-related activation of cGAS and IFN-I signaling may prove to be a mechanistic link between microglial-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the aged TBI brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan M Knoblach
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Veterans Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Shaheen MJ, Bekdash AM, Itani HA, Borjac JM. Saffron extract attenuates neuroinflammation in rmTBI mouse model by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via SIRT1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257211. [PMID: 34506597 PMCID: PMC8432768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and disability worldwide and a healthcare burden. TBI is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases hallmarked by exacerbated neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex plays a critical role in secondary injury progression following TBI. The NOD-like receptors (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key player in initiating the inflammatory response in various central nervous system disorders entailing TBI. This current study aims to investigate the role of NLRP3 in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) and identify the potential neuroprotective effect of saffron extract in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. 24 hours following the final injury, rmTBI causes an upregulation in mRNA levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β), interleukin 18 (IL-18), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). Protein levels of NLRP3, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and neuronal nuclei (Neu N) also increased after rmTBI. Administration of saffron alleviated the degree of TBI, as evidenced by reducing the neuronal damage, astrocyte, and microglial activation. Pretreatment with saffron inhibited the activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC concurrent to reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Additionally, saffron extract enhanced SIRT1 expression, NRF2, and HMOX1 upregulation. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the subsequent inflammatory response in the mice cortex are involved in the process of rmTBI. Saffron blocked the inflammatory response and relieved TBI by activating detoxifying genes and inhibiting NLRP3 activation. The effect of saffron on the NLRP3 inflammasome may be SIRT1 and NF-κB dependent in the rmTBI model. Thus, brain injury biomarkers will help in identifying a potential therapeutic target in treating TBI-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam J. Shaheen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Amira M. Bekdash
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A. Itani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jamilah M. Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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28
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Zhang Y, Ding S, Chen Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Han Y, Dong X, Fang Z, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:782. [PMID: 34055081 PMCID: PMC8145787 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a toxic component of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria that are widely present in gastrointestinal tracts. Increasing evidence showed that LPS plays important roles in the pathogeneses of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NADPH oxidase s2 (NOX2) is a complex membrane protein that contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several neurological diseases. The NLRP1 inflammasome can be activated in response to an accumulation of ROS in neurons. However, it is still unknown whether LPS exposure can deteriorate neuronal damage by activating NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has protective effects on neurons, although whether Rg1 alleviates LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of concentration gradients and different times of LPS exposure on neuronal damage was investigated in HT22 cells, and further observed the effect of Rg1 treatment on NOX2-NLPR1 inflammasome activation, ROS production and neuronal damage in LPS-treated HT22 cells. The results demonstrated that LPS exposure significantly induced NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation, excessive production of ROS, and neuronal damage in HT22 cells. It was also shown that Rg1 treatment significantly decreased NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation and ROS production and alleviated neuronal damage in LPS-induced HT22 cells. The present data suggested that Rg1 has protective effects on LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells, and Rg1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for delaying neuronal damage in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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29
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Sassetti E, Clausen MH, Laraia L. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5252-5275. [PMID: 33856791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in physiological cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis by acting as signaling molecules or regulators of transcription factors. The maintenance of appropriate cellular ROS levels is termed redox homeostasis, a balance between their production and neutralization. High concentrations of ROS may contribute to severe pathological events including cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, approaches to target the sources of ROS production directly in order to develop tool compounds or potential therapeutics have been explored. Herein, we briefly outline the major sources of cellular ROS production and comprehensively review the targeting of these by small-molecule inhibitors. We critically assess the value of ROS inhibitors with different mechanisms-of-action, including their potency, mode-of-action, known off-target effects, and clinical or preclinical status, while suggesting future avenues of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sassetti
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Laraia
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Bourgeois-Tardif S, De Beaumont L, Rivera JC, Chemtob S, Weil AG. Role of innate inflammation in traumatic brain injury. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1287-1299. [PMID: 33464411 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-05002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Its increasing incidence, in addition to its fundamental role in the development of neurodegenerative disease, proves especially concerning. Despite extensive preclinical and clinical studies, researchers have yet to identify a safe and effective neuroprotective strategy. Following brain trauma, secondary injury from molecular, metabolic, and cellular changes causes progressive cerebral tissue damage. Chronic neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injuries is a key player in the development of secondary injury. Targeting this phenomenon for development of effective neuroprotective therapies holds promise. This strategy warrants a concrete understanding of complex neuroinflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms such as the innate immune response, glial activation, blood-brain barrier disruption, activation of immune mediators, as well as biological markers of traumatic brain injury. We then review existing and emerging pharmacological therapies that target neuroinflammation to improve functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bourgeois-Tardif
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Universite de Montreal - Psychology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Universite de Montreal - Psychology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175, Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Neurosurgery Service, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Centre de Recherche, Room 3.17.100_6, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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31
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Zhang T, Tsutsuki H, Islam W, Ono K, Takeda K, Akaike T, Sawa T. ATP exposure stimulates glutathione efflux as a necessary switch for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101930. [PMID: 33740502 PMCID: PMC7995658 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex responsible for the maturation of precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into active proinflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of redox homeostasis contributes to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, specific mechanistic details remain unclear. We demonstrate here that ATP exposure evoked a sharp decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in macrophages, which led to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We detected an increase in GSH levels in culture supernatants that was comparable to the GSH decrease in macrophages, which suggests that exposure to ATP stimulated GSH efflux. Exogenous addition of P2X7 receptor antagonist, GSH, or the oxidized form GSSG attenuated this efflux. Also, exogenous GSH or GSSG strongly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that GSH efflux controls NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated disorders. ATP stimulates rapid glutathione (GSH) efflux via the P2X7 receptor. GSH efflux is an upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. Exogenous GSH weakens ATP-caused GSH efflux and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. GSH or GSSG suppressed interleukin-1β production in an inflammatory mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Waliul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Domingues A, Jolibois J, Marquet de Rougé P, Nivet-Antoine V. The Emerging Role of TXNIP in Ischemic and Cardiovascular Diseases; A Novel Marker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041693. [PMID: 33567593 PMCID: PMC7914816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a metabolism- oxidative- and inflammation-related marker induced in cardiovascular diseases and is believed to represent a possible link between metabolism and cellular redox status. TXNIP is a potential biomarker in cardiovascular and ischemic diseases but also a novel identified target for preventive and curative medicine. The goal of this review is to focus on the novelties concerning TXNIP. After an overview in TXNIP involvement in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism, the remainder of this review presents the clues used to define TXNIP as a new marker at the genetic, blood, or ischemic site level in the context of cardiovascular and ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Domingues
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Julia Jolibois
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Perrine Marquet de Rougé
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Valérie Nivet-Antoine
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Baumgartner JE, Baumgartner LS, Baumgartner ME, Moore EJ, Messina SA, Seidman MD, Shook DR. Progenitor cell therapy for acquired pediatric nervous system injury: Traumatic brain injury and acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:164-180. [PMID: 33034162 PMCID: PMC7848325 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While cell therapies hold remarkable promise for replacing injured cells and repairing damaged tissues, cell replacement is not the only means by which these therapies can achieve therapeutic effect. For example, recent publications show that treatment with varieties of adult, multipotent stem cells can improve outcomes in patients with neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and hearing loss without directly replacing damaged or lost cells. As the immune system plays a central role in injury response and tissue repair, we here suggest that multipotent stem cell therapies achieve therapeutic effect by altering the immune response to injury, thereby limiting damage due to inflammation and possibly promoting repair. These findings argue for a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which cell therapies can benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Baumgartner
- Advent Health for ChildrenOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Ernest J. Moore
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language PathologyUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | - Michael D. Seidman
- Advent Health CelebrationCelebrationFloridaUSA
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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Ismael S, Ahmed HA, Adris T, Parveen K, Thakor P, Ishrat T. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:49-57. [PMID: 32788447 PMCID: PMC7818859 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the precise mechanisms contributing to secondary brain injury following traumatic brain injury are complex and obscure, a number of studies have demonstrated that inflammatory responses are an obvious and early feature in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that prompt the stimulation of caspase-1 and subsequently induce the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. These cytokines play a pivotal role in facilitating innate immune responses and inflammation. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the best characterized, a crucial role for NLRP3 has been demonstrated in various brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury. Several recent studies have revealed the contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome in identifying cellular damage and stimulating inflammatory responses to aseptic tissue injury after traumatic brain injury. Even more important, blocking or inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may have substantial potential to salvage tissue damage during traumatic brain injury. In this review, we summarize recently described mechanisms that are involved in the activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, we review the recent investigations on the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of TBI, and current advances and challenges in potential NLRP3-targeted therapies. A significant contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation to traumatic brain injury implies that therapeutic approaches focused on targeting specific inflammasome components could significantly improve the traumatic brain injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tusita Adris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Parth Thakor
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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McCarty MF, Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján L, O’Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and Beyond. Nutrients 2020; 13:E47. [PMID: 33375692 PMCID: PMC7823562 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that form in response to a variety of stress signals and that serve to catalyze the proteolytic conversion of pro-interleukin-1β and pro-interleukin-18 to active interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, central mediators of the inflammatory response; inflammasomes can also promote a type of cell death known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has received the most study and plays an important pathogenic role in a vast range of pathologies associated with inflammation-including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, the complications of diabetes, neurological and autoimmune disorders, dry macular degeneration, gout, and the cytokine storm phase of COVID-19. A consideration of the molecular biology underlying inflammasome priming and activation enables the prediction that a range of nutraceuticals may have clinical potential for suppressing inflammasome activity-antioxidants including phycocyanobilin, phase 2 inducers, melatonin, and N-acetylcysteine, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, zinc, and various nutraceuticals that support generation of hydrogen sulfide. Complex nutraceuticals or functional foods featuring a number of these agents may find utility in the prevention and control of a wide range of medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Lidianys Lewis Luján
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
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Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100389. [PMID: 33003373 PMCID: PMC7601301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Abe N, Nishihara T, Yorozuya T, Tanaka J. Microglia and Macrophages in the Pathological Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092132. [PMID: 32967118 PMCID: PMC7563796 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have long been studied as pathologically deteriorating players in various CNS diseases. However, microglia exert ameliorating neuroprotective effects, which prompted us to reconsider their roles in CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathophysiology. Moreover, recent findings showed that microglia play critical roles even in the healthy CNS. The microglial functions that normally contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS are modified by other cells, such as astrocytes and infiltrated myeloid cells; thus, the microglial actions on neurons are extremely complex. For a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases, including those of the PNS, it is important to understand microglial functioning. In this review, we discuss both the favorable and unfavorable roles of microglia in neuronal survival in various CNS and PNS disorders. We also discuss the roles of blood-borne macrophages in the pathogenesis of CNS and PNS injuries because they cooperatively modify the pathological processes of resident microglia. Finally, metabolic changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, with special reference to the pro-/anti-inflammatory activation of microglia, are intensively addressed, because they are profoundly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species and changes in pro-/anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Abe
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5383; Fax: +81-89-960-5386
| | - Toshihiro Yorozuya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan;
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Li W, Zhang D, Yuan W, Wang C, Huang Q, Luo J. Humanin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22039-22045. [PMID: 32923762 PMCID: PMC7482084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been considered as a major risk factor of death in recent decades. In CVDs, the NLRP3 inflammasome is important for inflammatory response and vascular damage. Therefore, safe and effective treatments to decrease NLRP3 inflammasome activation are required. Increased levels of free fatty acid (FFA) have been associated with the progression of CVD. Humanin, a kind of mitochondrial-derived peptide, has shown its beneficial effects in different types of cells. However, the roles of humanin in the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by FFA are still unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms whereby humanin was found to exert protective effects in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) against FFA-caused endothelial injury. Here, treatment with humanin inhibited FFA-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, thereby demonstrating a protective capacity against cell death. Humanin also suppressed oxidative stress by downregulating the expression of reactive oxygen species and NOX2. Notably, humanin reduced NLRP3 and p10 and rescued FFA-induced dysfunction of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Consequently, humanin inhibited the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. These results conclude that humanin might be a promising therapeutic agent for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Luo
- . Phone: +86-19979702109. Fax: +86-797-5889810
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Irrera N, Russo M, Pallio G, Bitto A, Mannino F, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Squadrito F. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176204. [PMID: 32867310 PMCID: PMC7503761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important problem of global health. The damage related to TBI is first due to the direct injury and then to a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a key role. NLRP3 inflammasome is a component of the innate immune response and different diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, are characterized by NLRP3 activation. This review aims to describe NLRP3 inflammasome and the consequences related to its activation following TBI. NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 are significantly upregulated after TBI, therefore, the use of nonspecific, but mostly specific NLRP3 inhibitors is useful to ameliorate the damage post-TBI characterized by neuroinflammation. Moreover, NLRP3 and the molecules associated with its activation may be considered as biomarkers and predictive factors for other neurodegenerative diseases consequent to TBI. Complications such as continuous stimuli or viral infections, such as the SARS-CoV-2 infection, may worsen the prognosis of TBI, altering the immune response and increasing the neuroinflammatory processes related to NLRP3, whose activation occurs both in TBI and in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review points out the role of NLRP3 in TBI and highlights the hypothesis that NLRP3 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the management of neuroinflammation in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphologic and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98,125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (F.M.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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The interplay between oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure in neuropsychiatric illnesses: can we explain it and can we treat it? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5587-5620. [PMID: 32564227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defences play a key role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The first part of this paper details mitochondrial antioxidant mechanisms and their importance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including details of NO networks, the roles of H2O2 and the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system, and the relationship between mitochondrial respiration and NADPH production. The second part highlights and identifies the causes of the multiple pathological sequelae arising from self-amplifying increases in mitochondrial ROS production and bioenergetic failure. Particular attention is paid to NAD+ depletion as a core cause of pathology; detrimental effects of raised ROS and reactive nitrogen species on ATP and NADPH generation; detrimental effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems; and the NAD+-induced signalling cascade, including the roles of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, the FOXO family of transcription factors, Nrf1 and Nrf2. The third part discusses proposed therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating such pathology, including the use of the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, both of which rapidly elevate levels of NAD+ in the brain and periphery following oral administration; coenzyme Q10 which, when given with the aim of improving mitochondrial function and reducing nitro-oxidative stress in the brain, may be administered via the use of mitoquinone, which is in essence ubiquinone with an attached triphenylphosphonium cation; and N-acetylcysteine, which is associated with improved mitochondrial function in the brain and produces significant decreases in oxidative and nitrosative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Maes M, Olive L, Berk M, Carvalho AF. The role of microglia in neuroprogressive disorders: mechanisms and possible neurotherapeutic effects of induced ketosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109858. [PMID: 31923453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms involved in the promotion and maintenance of distinct microglia phenotypes is provided. The acquisition and perpetuation of predominantly pro-inflammatory microglial phenotypes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuroprogressive diseases and is associated with reduced ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, increased ATP generation by glycolysis, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress and other metabolic, inflammatory and hormonal insults. Microglia can also adopt a predominantly anti-inflammatory phenotypes with neuroprotective properties. Strategies that promote and maintain a predominantly anti-inflammatory phenotype may hold promise as novel therapeutic opportunities for neuroprogressive illness. Induced ketosis may promote a transition towards predominantly anti-inflammatory microglial states/phenotypes by several mechanisms, including inhibition of glycolysis and increased NAD+ production; engagement of microglial GPR109A receptors; histone deacetylase inhibition; and elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Since microglia activation can now be assessed in vivo, these data provide a clear rationale for the design of transdiagnostic randomized controlled trials of the ketogenic diet and other ketosis-inducing strategies for neuroprogressive diseases, which may also provide mechanistic insights through the assessment of "target engagement".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Devanney NA, Stewart AN, Gensel JC. Microglia and macrophage metabolism in CNS injury and disease: The role of immunometabolism in neurodegeneration and neurotrauma. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113310. [PMID: 32289316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of functions adopted by these cells dictates neuropathophysiology. Research efforts to characterize the range of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes and functions adopted by microglia and macrophages are fueled by the potential for inflammatory cells to both exacerbate neurodegeneration and promote repair/disease resolution. The stimulation-based, M1/M2 classification system has emerged over the last decade as a common language to discuss macrophage and microglia heterogeneity across different fields. However, discontinuities between phenotypic markers and function create potential hurdles for the utility of the M1/M2 system in the development of effective immunomodulatory therapeutics for neuroinflammation. A framework to approach macrophage and microglia heterogeneity from a function-based phenotypic approach comes from rapidly emerging evidence that metabolic processes regulate immune cell activation. This concept of immunometabolism, however, is only beginning to unfold in the study of neurodegeneration and has yet to receive much focus in the context of neurotrauma. In this review, we first discuss the current views of macrophage and microglia heterogeneity and limitations of the M1/M2 classification system for neuropathological studies. We then review and discuss the current literature supporting metabolism as a regulator of microglia function in vitro. Lastly, we evaluate the evidence that metabolism regulates microglia and macrophage phenotype in vivo in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Devanney
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Andrew N Stewart
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - John C Gensel
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
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O'Brien WT, Pham L, Symons GF, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:104. [PMID: 32252777 PMCID: PMC7137518 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of TBI. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a necessary component of the innate immune response to tissue damage, and dysregulated inflammasome activity has been implicated in a number of neurological conditions. This paper introduces the NLRP3 inflammasome and its implication in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory-related conditions, with a particular focus on TBI. Although its role in TBI has only recently been identified, findings suggest that priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are upregulated following TBI. Moreover, recent studies utilizing specific NLRP3 inhibitors have provided further evidence that this inflammasome is a major driver of neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances following TBI. In addition, there is emerging evidence that circulating inflammasome-associated proteins may have utility as diagnostic biomarkers of neuroinflammatory conditions, including TBI. Finally, novel and promising areas of research will be highlighted, including the potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mild TBI, how factors such as biological sex may affect NLRP3 activity in TBI, and the use of emerging biomarker platforms. Taken together, this review highlights the exciting potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for treatments and biomarkers that may ultimately be used to improve TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Giardia spp. promote the production of antimicrobial peptides and attenuate disease severity induced by attaching and effacing enteropathogens via the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:263-275. [PMID: 32184085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections of the gastro-intestinal tract are common in areas with poor sanitation. Disease outcome is the result of complex interactions between the host and pathogens. Such interactions lie at the core of future management strategies of enteric diseases. In developed countries of the world, Giardia duodenalis is a common cause of diarrheal disease. In contrast, giardiasis appears to protect children against diarrhea in countries with poor sanitation, via obscure mechanisms. We hypothesized that Giardia may protect its host from disease induced by a co-infecting pathogen such as attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. This enteropathogen is commonly implicated in pediatric diarrhea in developing countries. The findings indicate that co-infection with Giardia attenuates the severity of disease induced by Citrobacter rodentium, an equivalent of A/E E. coli in mice. Co-infection with Giardia reduced colitis, blood in stools, fecal softening, bacterial invasion, and weight loss; the protective effects were lost when co-infection occurred in Nod-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 knockout mice. In co-infected mice, elevated levels of antimicrobial peptides Murine β defensin 3 and Trefoil Factor 3, and enhanced bacterial killing, were NLRP3-dependent. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human enterocytes blocked the activation of AMPs and bacterial killing. The findings uncover novel NLRP3-dependent modulatory mechanisms during co-infections with Giardia spp. and A/E enteropathogens, and demonstrate how these interactions may regulate the severity of enteric disease.
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Anderson J, Patel M, Forenzo D, Ai X, Cai C, Wade Q, Risman R, Cai L. A novel mouse model for the study of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 325:113119. [PMID: 31751572 PMCID: PMC10885014 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist in the adult brain and represent a potential cell source for tissue regeneration and wound healing after injury. The Notch signaling pathway is critical for embryonic development and adult brain injury response. However, the specific role of Notch signaling in the injured brain is not well characterized. Our previous study has established a Notch1CR2-GFP reporter mouse line in which the Notch1CR2 enhancer directs GFP expression in NSPCs and their progeny. In this study, we performed closed head injury (CHI) in the Notch1CR2-GFP mice to study the response of injury-activated NSPCs. We show that CHI induces neuroinflammation, cell death, and the expression of typical TBI markers (e.g., ApoE, Il1b, and Tau), validating the animal model. In addition, CHI induces cell proliferation in GFP+ cells expressing NSPC markers, e.g., Notch1 and Nestin. A significant higher percentage of GFP+ astrocytes and GABAergic neurons was observed in the injured brain, with no significant change in oligodendrocyte lineage between the CHI and sham animal groups. Since injury is known to activate astrogliosis, our results suggest that injury-induced GFP+ NSPCs preferentially differentiate into GABAergic neurons. Our study establishes that Notch1CR2-GFP transgenic mouse is a useful tool for the study of NSPC behavior in vivo after TBI. Unveiling the potential of NSPCs response to TBI (e.g., proliferation and differentiation) will identify new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Misaal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Dylan Forenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Xin Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Catherine Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Quinn Wade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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Microglial Depletion with CSF1R Inhibitor During Chronic Phase of Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Reduces Neurodegeneration and Neurological Deficits. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2960-2974. [PMID: 32094203 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2402-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is believed to contribute to subsequent neurodegeneration and neurological deficits. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells in brain, are dependent on colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling for their survival. In this preclinical study, we examined the effects of delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia on functional recovery and neurodegeneration up to 3 months postinjury. A CSF1R inhibitor, Plexxikon (PLX) 5622, was administered to adult male C57BL/6J mice at 1 month after controlled cortical impact to remove chronically activated microglia, and the inhibitor was withdrawn 1-week later to allow for microglial repopulation. Following TBI, the repopulated microglia displayed a ramified morphology similar to that of Sham uninjured mice, whereas microglia in vehicle-treated TBI mice showed the typical chronic posttraumatic hypertrophic morphology. PLX5622 treatment limited TBI-associated neuropathological changes at 3 months postinjury; these included a smaller cortical lesion, reduced hippocampal neuron cell death, and decreased NOX2- and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation. Furthermore, delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia after TBI led to widespread changes in the cortical transcriptome and altered gene pathways involved in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroplasticity. Using a variety of complementary neurobehavioral tests, PLX5622-treated TBI mice also had improved long-term motor and cognitive function recovery through 3 months postinjury. Together, these studies demonstrate that chronic phase removal of neurotoxic microglia after TBI using CSF1R inhibitors markedly reduce chronic neuroinflammation and associated neurodegeneration, as well as related motor and cognitive deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating neurological disorder that can seriously impact the patient's quality of life. Microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is induced after severe TBI and contributes to neurological deficits and on-going neurodegenerative processes. Here, we investigated the effect of breaking the neurotoxic neuroinflammatory loop at 1-month after controlled cortical impact in mice by pharmacological removal of chronically activated microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, Plexxikon 5622. Overall, we show that short-term elimination of microglia during the chronic phase of TBI followed by repopulation results in long-term improvements in neurological function, suppression of neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, and a reduction in persistent neurodegenerative processes. These studies are clinically relevant and support new concepts that the therapeutic window for TBI may be far longer than traditionally believed if chronic and evolving microglial-mediated neuroinflammation can be inhibited or regulated in a precise manner.
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Wang M, Luo L. An Effective NADPH Oxidase 2 Inhibitor Provides Neuroprotection and Improves Functional Outcomes in Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1097-1106. [PMID: 32072445 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a leading cause of death and disability all over the world. Pharmacological suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) can inhibit oxidative stress which is implicated in the pathology of TBI. GSK2795039 was reported to target NOX2 to inhibit [Formula: see text] and ROS production. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of GSK2795039 on NOX2 activity and neurological deficits in a TBI mouse model. TBI mouse model was established by a weight-drop to mouse skull. GSK2795039 at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administrated to mice 30 min before TBI. NOX2 expression and activity were detected by Western blot and biochemical method. Neurological damage and apoptosis were detected by behavioral test and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. GSK2795039 significantly inhibited NOX2 expression and activity in the TBI mouse model. It also attenuated TBI-induced neurological deficits, apoptosis, and neurological recovery. The results indicate that GSK2795039 can be used as a potential drug for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Le Luo
- Shanghai Zhuole Biotechnology Center, No. 2066 Wangyuan Road, Shanghai, 201499, China
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Interferon-β Plays a Detrimental Role in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation That Drives Chronic Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2357-2370. [PMID: 32029532 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2516-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to inflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced activation of microglia and peripherally-derived inflammatory macrophages may lead to tissue damage and neurological deficits. Here, we investigated the role of IFN-β in secondary injury after TBI using a controlled cortical impact model in adult male IFN-β-deficient (IFN-β-/-) mice and assessed post-traumatic neuroinflammatory responses, neuropathology, and long-term functional recovery. TBI increased expression of DNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes in wild-type (WT) mice. IFN-β and other IFN-related and neuroinflammatory genes were also upregulated early and persistently after TBI. TBI increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in the cortex and hippocampus of WT mice, whereas levels were mitigated in IFN-β-/- mice. Moreover, long-term microglia activation, motor, and cognitive function impairments were decreased in IFN-β-/- TBI mice compared with their injured WT counterparts; improved neurological recovery was associated with reduced lesion volume and hippocampal neurodegeneration in IFN-β-/- mice. Continuous central administration of a neutralizing antibody to the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) for 3 d, beginning 30 min post-injury, reversed early cognitive impairments in TBI mice and led to transient improvements in motor function. However, anti-IFNAR treatment did not improve long-term functional recovery or decrease TBI neuropathology at 28 d post-injury. In summary, TBI induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that is associated with increased expression of IFN-β and other IFN-related genes. Inhibition of IFN-β reduces post-traumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, resulting in improved neurological recovery. Thus, IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT TBI frequently causes long-term neurological and psychiatric changes in head injury patients. TBI-induced secondary injury processes including persistent neuroinflammation evolve over time and can contribute to chronic neurological impairments. The present study demonstrates that TBI is followed by robust activation of type I IFN pathways, which have been implicated in microglial-associated neuroinflammation and chronic neurodegeneration. We examined the effects of genetic or pharmacological inhibition of IFN-β, a key component of type I IFN mechanisms to address its role in TBI pathophysiology. Inhibition of IFN-β signaling resulted in reduced neuroinflammation, attenuated neurobehavioral deficits, and limited tissue loss long after TBI. These preclinical findings suggest that IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Redox Signaling from Mitochondria: Signal Propagation and Its Targets. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010093. [PMID: 31935965 PMCID: PMC7023504 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in mass spectroscopy of posttranslational oxidative modifications has enabled researchers to experimentally verify the concept of redox signaling. We focus here on redox signaling originating from mitochondria under physiological situations, discussing mechanisms of transient redox burst in mitochondria, as well as the possible ways to transfer such redox signals to specific extramitochondrial targets. A role of peroxiredoxins is described which enables redox relay to other targets. Examples of mitochondrial redox signaling are discussed: initiation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) responses; retrograde redox signaling to PGC1α during exercise in skeletal muscle; redox signaling in innate immune cells; redox stimulation of insulin secretion, and other physiological situations.
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