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Stańczak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzińska E. The latest reports and treatment methods on polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Med 2024; 56:2357737. [PMID: 38965663 PMCID: PMC11229724 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly recognized endocrine disorder. The pathogenesis is not fully known. Polycystic ovary syndrome is still difficult to diagnose correctly, despite simple diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study is to review the current knowledge about PCOS and treatment options for patients with the disease. To explore this topic, publications were reviewed and conclusions drawn from them. The incidence of hyperandrogenism in a patient with PCOS may be as high as 60-80%. Increased androgen levels affect ovulation and menstruation, and also result in hirsutism and acne. Additionally, patients have problems with proper glucose tolerance (insulin resistance), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. PCOS results in various symptoms in patients. The latest treatment methods were analysed. A standard review of publications in the field of diagnosis and treatment of PCOS, IR and hyperandrogenism was used. Lifestyle, especially diet, deserves special attention due to its ease of use. Sleep quality, physical activity and stress reduction are also important. Diet should be the treatment of first choice. Only if dietary intervention does not bring results, the doctor considers pharmacotherapy. Recently, acupuncture and herbal medicine, vagus nerve stimulation have been used in the treatment of PCOS and regulation of hormone levels. Patients are given supplementation to improve the quality of functioning, but it must be remembered that inappropriate doses or too long use may result in a toxic effect opposite to the therapeutic one. Appropriate diet, physical activity - lifestyle changes are crucial in the treatment of PCOS. Supplementation and pharmaceuticals support treatment. It is mandatory to examine these environmental and lifestyle factors as they not only contribute to the occurrence of the disease but also influence its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anna Stańczak
- Department of Dietary and Nutritional Education, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Dudzińska
- Department of Dietary and Nutritional Education, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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2
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L'Abbate S, Nicolini G, Forini F, Lepore E, Marchetti S, Unfer V, Forte G, Kusmic C. Oral supplementation of inositols effectively recovered lithium-induced cardiac dysfunctions in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117287. [PMID: 39137652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of inositol (INO) supplementation on cardiac changes caused by Li in mice. The study involved 4 groups of C57BL6 mice (n=10 each): (i) mice orally administered with Li2CO3 for 8 weeks, then 4 additional weeks without (Li_group) or (ii) with INO supplementation (Li_INOdelayed_group) (total of 12 weeks); (iii) mice given Li2CO3 and INO supplementation concurrently for 12 weeks (Li+INO_group); (iv) one group left untreated (C-group). The INO was administered as a mixture of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (80:1) in drinking water. The mice were characterised for heart morphology, function, electrical activity, arrhythmogenic susceptibility, and multiorgan histopathology (heart, liver and kidney). Cardiomyocyte size, protein expression of key signalling pathways related to hypertrophy, and transcription levels of ion channel subunits and hypertrophy markers were evaluated in the ventricle tissue. The study found that INO supplementation reduced the Li-induced cardiac adverse effects, including systolic impairment and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. The positive effect on arrhythmias might be attributed to the restored expression levels of the potassium channel subunit Kv 1.5. Additionally, INO improved cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, possibly by inhibiting the Li-induced activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway and by restoring the normal expression level of BNP, and alleviated injury in the liver and kidney. The effect was preventive if INO supplementation was taken concurrently with Li and therapeutic if INO was administered after Li-induced cardiac impairments were established. These results provide new insights into the cardioprotective effect of INO and suggest a potential treatment approach for Li-induced cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena L'Abbate
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Nicolini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Marchetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Unfer
- A.G.Un.Co. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, Rome 00155, Italy; The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Kusmic
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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Trischler R, Rustler SM, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Breitenbach M, Helfrich EJN, Müller V. 3-Hydroxypropionate production from myo-inositol by the gut acetogen Blautia schinkii. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16692. [PMID: 39206693 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Species of the genus Blautia are not only abundant in the human gut but also contribute to human well-being. Our study demonstrates that the gut acetogen Blautia schinkii can grow on myo-inositol. We identified the pathway of myo-inositol degradation through a combination of physiological and biochemical studies, genome-wide expression profiling and homology searches. Initially, myo-inositol is oxidized to 2-keto-myo-inositol. This compound is then metabolized by a series of enzymes - a dehydratase, hydrolase, isomerase and kinase - to form 2-deoxy-5-keto-d-gluconic acid 6-phosphate. This intermediate is split by an aldolase into malonate semialdehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is an intermediate of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. This pathway leads to the production of pyruvate and, subsequently, acetate. Concurrently, malonate semialdehyde is reduced to 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP). The genes responsible for myo-inositol degradation are clustered on the genome, except for the gene encoding the aldolase. We identified the putative aldolase Fba_3 and 3-HP dehydrogenase Adh1 encoding genes bioinformatically and verified them biochemically using enzyme assays with heterologously produced and purified protein. The major fermentation end products were 3-HP and acetate, produced in similar amounts. The production of the unusual fermentation end product 3-HP is significant not only for human health but also for the potential bioindustrial production of this highly desired compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trischler
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Rustler
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Milena Breitenbach
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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4
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Barbaro F, Conza GD, Quartulli FP, Quarantini E, Quarantini M, Zini N, Fabbri C, Mosca S, Caravelli S, Mosca M, Vescovi P, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Toni R. Correlation between tooth decay and insulin resistance in normal weight males prompts a role for myo-inositol as a regenerative factor in dentistry and oral surgery: a feasibility study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1374135. [PMID: 39144484 PMCID: PMC11321979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1374135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In an era of precision and stratified medicine, homogeneity in population-based cohorts, stringent causative entry, and pattern analysis of datasets are key elements to investigate medical treatments. Adhering to these principles, we collected in vivo and in vitro data pointing to an insulin-sensitizing/insulin-mimetic effect of myo-inositol (MYO) relevant to cell regeneration in dentistry and oral surgery. Confirmation of this possibility was obtained by in silico analysis of the relation between in vivo and in vitro results (the so-called bed-to-benchside reverse translational approach). Results Fourteen subjects over the 266 screened were young adult, normal weight, euglycemic, sedentary males having normal appetite, free diet, with a regular three-times-a-day eating schedule, standard dental hygiene, and negligible malocclusion/enamel defects. Occlusal caries were detected by fluorescence videoscanning, whereas body composition and energy balance were estimated with plicometry, predictive equations, and handgrip. Statistically significant correlations (Pearson r coefficient) were found between the number of occlusal caries and anthropometric indexes predicting insulin resistance (IR) in relation to the abdominal/visceral fat mass, fat-free mass, muscular strength, and energy expenditure adjusted to the fat and muscle stores. This indicated a role for IR in affecting dentin reparative processes. Consistently, in vitro administration of MYO to HUVEC and Swiss NIH3T3 cells in concentrations corresponding to those administered in vivo to reduce IR resulted in statistically significant cell replication (ANOVA/Turkey tests), suggesting that MYO has the potential to counteract inhibitory effects of IR on dental vascular and stromal cells turnover. Finally, in in silico experiments, quantitative evaluation (WOE and information value) of a bioinformatic Clinical Outcome Pathway confirmed that in vitro trophic effects of MYO could be transferred in vivo with high predictability, providing robust credence of its efficacy for oral health. Conclusion Our reverse bed-to-benchside data indicate that MYO might antagonize the detrimental effects of IR on tooth decay. This provides feasibility for clinical studies on MYO as a regenerative factor in dentistry and oral surgery, including dysmetabolic/aging conditions, bone reconstruction in oral destructive/necrotic disorders, dental implants, and for empowering the efficacy of a number of tissue engineering methodologies in dentistry and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Pia Quartulli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine - BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Quarantini
- Odontostomatology Unit, and R&D Center for Artificial Intelligence in Biomedicine and Odontostomatology (A.I.B.O), Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera, Italy
| | - Marco Quarantini
- Odontostomatology Unit, and R&D Center for Artificial Intelligence in Biomedicine and Odontostomatology (A.I.B.O), Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celine Fabbri
- Course on Odontostomatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mosca
- Course on Disorders of the Locomotor System, Fellow Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Caravelli
- O.U. Orthopedics Bentivoglio, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- O.U. Orthopedics Bentivoglio, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery - DIMEC, Odontostomatology Section, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Toni
- CNR - ISSMC, Faenza, Italy
- Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, Section IV - Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic - OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and R&D Center A.I.B.O, Centro Medico Galliera, San Venanzio di Galliera, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Zhou Y, Xie P, Cao G, Ran J, Xu S, Xia W, Cai Z. Metabolic signatures of prenatal exposure to 'Cocktails' of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and its health implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134717. [PMID: 38795493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (collectively as BTs) was associated with pregnancy complications. Identifying the metabolites associated with prenatal BTs exposure may help elucidate the mechanism and characterize the exposure risk. In this prospective study of 158 pregnant women from Wuhan, China, urinary BTs were repeatedly measured across three trimesters to provide an accurate estimation of exposure during pregnancy. We conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics with great coverage and high accuracy to characterize the urinary metabolic profile in late pregnancy. We first identified the perturbed metabolites of cocktail BTs exposure and then pinned down to the pairwise associations between individual BTs and the identified metabolites. A total of 44 metabolites were identified as perturbed biomarkers of cocktail BTs exposure based on the variable influence on projection (VIP > 1.2) score. Further pairwise associations analysis showed positive association of BTs with oxidative stress related biomarkers and negative association of BTs with neuronal function metabolites. The shared metabolic signatures among BTs in the co-occurrence network of pairwise association analysis may partially be attributed to the correlation among cocktail BTs exposure. The findings provide the potential mechanisms of BTs-associated pregnancy complications and offer insight into the health implications for prenatal BTs exposure. Furthermore, the framework we employed, which integrates both cocktail exposure and individual exposure, may illuminate future epidemiological research that seeks to incorporate exposure to mixtures and omics scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Peisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjun Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Pilger BI, Castro A, Vasconcellos FF, Moura KF, Signini ÉDF, Marqueze LFB, Fiorenza-Neto EA, Rocha MT, Pedroso GS, Cavaglieri CR, Ferreira AG, Figueiredo C, Minuzzi LG, Gatti da Silva GH, Castro GS, Lira FS, Seelaender M, Pinho RA. Obesity-dependent molecular alterations in fatal COVID-19: A retrospective postmortem study of metabolomic profile of adipose tissue. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30566. [PMID: 38591648 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of obesity on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the adipose tissue of patients with fatal COVID-19. Postmortem biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 25 unvaccinated inpatients who passed from COVID-19, stratified as nonobese (N-OB; body mass index [BMI], 26.5 ± 2.3 kg m-2) or obese (OB BMI 34.2 ± 5.1 kg m-2). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that body composition was responsible for most of the variations detected in the metabolome, with greater dispersion observed in the OB group. Fifteen metabolites were major segregation factors. Results from the OB group showed higher levels of creatinine, myo-inositol, O-acetylcholine, and succinate, and lower levels of sarcosine. The N-OB group showed lower levels of glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as higher content of IL-6 and adiponectin. We revealed significant changes in the metabolomic profile of the adipose tissue in fatal COVID-19 cases, with high adiposity playing a key role in these observed variations. These findings highlight the potential involvement of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, possibly dependent on hypoxia, shedding light on the impact of obesity on disease pathogenesis and suggesting avenues for further research and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna I Pilger
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Franciane F Vasconcellos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Karen F Moura
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Étore De Favari Signini
- Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe B Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Edson A Fiorenza-Neto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mateus T Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Luciele G Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Gatti da Silva
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Du Y, Lu C, Bi L, Wang C, Zhao M, Ding Y, Fan W. Causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on androgenetic alopecia: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13732. [PMID: 38747971 PMCID: PMC11095465 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common non-scarring alopecia disorder. Given its increasing incidence and onset during adolescence, AGA significantly impacts both the physical and psychological well-being of affected individuals. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of metabolites in AGA. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between metabolites and AGA using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to assess the causality of 452 metabolites on AGA. The main approach employed for inferring causal effects was inverse variance weighted (IVW), which was complemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, as well as MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) approaches. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure result robustness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) in GWAS dataset comprising 452 metabolites. RESULTS Notably, we identified Scyllo-inositol and Alpha-ketoglutarate as the most potent protective factors against AGA, while Heme* and 2-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine* emerged as significant risk factors for AGA. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed no heterogeneity in these findings. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our research suggests a potential causal link between metabolites and AGA, offering a more comprehensive insight into the pathogenesis of AGA and present additional strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Du
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Changpei Lu
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingbo Bi
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunbu Ding
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weixin Fan
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Mainini G, Ercolano S, De Simone R, Iavarone I, Lizza R, Passaro M. Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:598. [PMID: 38674244 PMCID: PMC11052504 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hormonal changes physiologically occurring in menopausal women may increase the risk of developing metabolic and vasomotor disturbances, which contribute to increase the risk of developing other concomitant pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 200 menopausal women with MetS and vasomotor symptoms taking one sachet per day of the dietary supplement INOFOLIC® NRT (Farmares srl, Rome, Italy) were collected. Each sachet consisted of myo-Inositol (2000 mg), cocoa polyphenols (30 mg), and soy isoflavones (80 mg, of which 50 mg is genistin). Patients recorded their symptoms through a medical questionnaire at the beginning of the administration (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: We observed an improvement in both the frequency and the severity of hot flushes: increased percentage of 2-3 hot flushes (28 at T0 vs. 65% at T1, p value < 0.001) and decreased percentage of 4-9 hot flushes (54% at T0 vs. 18% at T1, p value < 0.001). Moreover, symptoms of depression improved after supplementation (87% at T0 vs. 56% at T1 of patients reported moderate depression symptoms, p value < 0.001). Regarding metabolic profile, women improved body mass index and waist circumference with a reduction in the percentage of overweight and obesity women (88% at T0 vs. 51% at T1, p value = 0.01; 14% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p value = 0.04). In addition, the number of women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes reduced (26% at T0 vs. 16% at T1, p value = 0.04). Conclusions: These data corroborate previously observed beneficial effects of the oral administration of myo-Inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones against menopausal symptoms in the study population. Considering the promising results of the present study, further prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to deeply understand and support the efficacy of these natural compounds for the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Mainini
- Società Campano Calabro Apulo Lucana di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia (S.C.C.A.L.), 80133 Naples, Italy
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9
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Sparić R, Andjić M, Rakić A, Bjekić-Macut J, Livadas S, Kontić-Vučinić O, Mastorakos G, Macut D. Insulin-sensitizing agents for infertility treatment in woman with polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review of current clinical practice. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:49-58. [PMID: 37792213 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive disorder which, according to the Rotterdam criteria, affects up to 24% of women of childbearing age. Although the prevalence of infertility in this subpopulation of women is high, the optimal treatment has not been fully established yet. Insulin resistance is considered to be an important mechanism involved in the development of PCOS; hence, the aim of this narrative review is to present an overview of the current pharmacological insulin-sensitizing treatment modalities for infertile women with PCOS. METHODS A MEDLINE and PubMed search for the years 1990-2023 was performed using a combination of keywords. Clinical trials with insulin sensitizers used for infertility treatment as well as analyses of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were evaluated. When deemed necessary, additional articles referenced in the retrieved papers were included in this narrative review. RESULTS Several insulin-sensitizing compounds and various therapeutical protocols are available for infertility treatment of women with PCOS. Metformin is the most common adjuvant medication to induce ovulation in infertile women with PCOS and is more frequently administered in combination with clomiphene citrate than on its own. Recently, inositol and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as possible options for infertility treatment in PCOS. CONCLUSION The future of medical treatment of PCOS women with infertility lies in a personalized pharmacological approach, which involves various compounds with different mechanisms of action that could modify ovarian function and endometrial receptivity, ultimately leading to better overall reproductive outcomes in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Rakić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Olivera Kontić-Vučinić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrine Diseases, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Djuro Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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10
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Rebelos E, Latva-Rasku A, Koskensalo K, Pekkarinen L, Saukko E, Ihalainen J, Honka MJ, Tuisku J, Bucci M, Laurila S, Rajander J, Salminen P, Nummenmaa L, Jansen JFA, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake correlates with brain metabolites in severe obesity: A combined neuroimaging study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:407-418. [PMID: 37824728 PMCID: PMC10870965 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231207114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The human brain undergoes metabolic adaptations in obesity, but the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. We compared concentrations of often reported brain metabolites measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS, 3 T MRI) in the occipital lobe in subjects with obesity and lean controls under different metabolic conditions (fasting, insulin clamp, following weight loss). Brain glucose uptake (BGU) quantified with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET)) was also performed in a subset of subjects during clamp. In dataset A, 48 participants were studied during fasting with brain 1H-MRS, while in dataset B 21 participants underwent paired brain 1H-MRS acquisitions under fasting and clamp conditions. In dataset C 16 subjects underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET and 1H-MRS during clamp. In the fasting state, total N-acetylaspartate was lower in subjects with obesity, while brain myo-inositol increased in response to hyperinsulinemia similarly in both lean participants and subjects with obesity. During clamp, BGU correlated positively with brain glutamine/glutamate, total choline, and total creatine levels. Following weight loss, brain creatine levels were increased, whereas increases in other metabolites remained not significant. To conclude, insulin signaling and glucose metabolism are significantly coupled with several of the changes in brain metabolites that occur in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aino Latva-Rasku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Saukko
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Ihalainen
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jacobus FA Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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11
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Katturajan R, Shivaji P, Nithiyanandam S, Parthasarathy M, Magesh S, Vashishth R, Radhakrishnan V, Prince SE. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr. Leaf: An Integrated In vitro and In silico Approach. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300960. [PMID: 38217335 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with various complications. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes is an effective strategy for managing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense leaf through in vitro and in silico approaches. The methanol extract exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid content over solvent extracts aqueous, acetone, hexane, and chloroform, the same has been correlating with strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the methanol extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, indicating its potential as an antidiabetic agent. Molecular docking analysis identified compounds, including myo-inositol, with favorable binding energies comparable to the standard drug metformin. The selected compounds displayed strong binding affinity towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Structural dynamics analysis revealed that myo-inositol formed a more stable complex with the enzymes. These findings suggest that O. cochinchinense leaf possesses antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, making it a potential source for developing therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
| | - Priyadharshini Shivaji
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
| | - Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
| | - Manisha Parthasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
| | | | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, 632014
| | - Vidya Radhakrishnan
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
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12
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Pustotina O, Myers SH, Unfer V, Rasulova I. The Effects of Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol in a Ratio 40:1 on Hormonal and Metabolic Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Classified as Phenotype A by the Rotterdam Criteria and EMS-Type 1 by the EGOI Criteria. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024; 89:131-139. [PMID: 38295772 PMCID: PMC11126204 DOI: 10.1159/000536163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
SETTING Insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are considered contributing factors toward polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the frequency of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS patients and the effects of myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), in a 40:1 ratio on hormonal and metabolic parameters. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four women with PCOS phenotype A (endocrine-metabolic syndrome [EMS-type 1]) between the ages of 20-40. DESIGN Open prospective study with phenotype A (EMS-type I, n = 34) supplemented with 2,255 mg/day of inositol (MI and DCI in a 40:1 ratio) for 3 months. METHODS The following were measured before and after treatment: serum levels of follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), anti-Müllerian hormone, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS 55.9% of the enrolled patients were overweight or obese, 50% affected by IR, 17.6% with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, and 61.8% had familial diabetes mellitus. At the conclusion of the study, BMI (p = 0.0029), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) significantly decreased, along with decreased numbers of patients with elevated insulin levels. The supplementation resulted in decreased total testosterone (p < 0.001), free testosterone (p < 0.001), FAI (p < 0.001), and LH (p < 0.001); increased SHBG (p < 0.001) and estradiol (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The present analysis was limited to a 12-week follow-up, which precluded a long-term evaluation of the effects of MI and DCI combination. Also, this period was insufficient to achieve and analyze clinical changes such as restoration of the menstrual cycle, restoration of reproductive function, and clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation improved metabolic and hormonal profile in PCOS phenotype A (EMS-type I) patients. This builds upon previous work that demonstrated that combined inositol treatment may be effective in PCOS. The study presented herein, used a reduced concentration than in prior literature; however, a significant change in hormonal and metabolic parameters was still observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pustotina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Reproductive Medicine, F.I. Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vittorio Unfer
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
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13
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Gypakis A, Adelt S, Lemoine H, Vogel G, Wasner HK. Activated Inositol Phosphate, Substrate for Synthesis of Prostaglandylinositol Cyclic Phosphate (Cyclic PIP)-The Key for the Effectiveness of Inositol-Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1362. [PMID: 38338641 PMCID: PMC10855042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural cyclic AMP antagonist, prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate (cyclic PIP), is biosynthesized from prostaglandin E (PGE) and activated inositol phosphate (n-Ins-P), which is synthesized by a particulate rat-liver-enzyme from GTP and a precursor named inositol phosphate (pr-Ins-P), whose 5-ring phosphodiester structure is essential for n-Ins-P synthesis. Aortic myocytes, preincubated with [3H] myo-inositol, synthesize after angiotensin II stimulation (30 s) [3H] pr-Ins-P (65% yield), which is converted to [3H] n-Ins-P and [3H] cyclic PIP. Acid-treated (1 min) [3H] pr-Ins-P co-elutes with inositol (1,4)-bisphosphate in high performance ion chromatography, indicating that pr-Ins-P is inositol (1:2-cyclic,4)-bisphosphate. Incubation of [3H]-GTP with unlabeled pr-Ins-P gave [3H]-guanosine-labeled n-Ins-P. Cyclic PIP synthase binds the inositol (1:2-cyclic)-phosphate part of n-Ins-P to PGE and releases the [3H]-labeled guanosine as [3H]-GDP. Thus, n-Ins-P is most likely guanosine diphospho-4-inositol (1:2-cyclic)-phosphate. Inositol feeding helps patients with metabolic conditions related to insulin resistance, but explanations for this finding are missing. Cyclic PIP appears to be the key for explaining the curative effect of inositol supplementation: (1) inositol is a molecular constituent of cyclic PIP; (2) cyclic PIP triggers many of insulin's actions intracellularly; and (3) the synthesis of cyclic PIP is decreased in diabetes as shown in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Gypakis
- General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stephan Adelt
- Fachbereich C—Biochemie, Bergische University, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Horst Lemoine
- Institute for Laser-Medicine, Molecular Drug-Research Group, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Günter Vogel
- Fachbereich C—Biochemie, Bergische University, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Heinrich K. Wasner
- BioReg Biopharm, Technology Innovation Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Scannell N, Mantzioris E, Rao V, Pandey C, Ee C, Mousa A, Moran L, Villani A. Type and Frequency in Use of Nutraceutical and Micronutrient Supplementation for the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Scoping Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3349. [PMID: 38137570 PMCID: PMC10742329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle strategies are considered first-line treatment for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, complementary therapies, including nutrient supplementation, have been identified as a potential adjunct therapy. Therefore, we systematically mapped the available literature to identify the type and frequency of the use of nutraceutical and micronutrient supplementation for the management of PCOS features. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using CINAHL, Cochrane reviews, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and LILACS. All types of study designs were included if they reported on the use of nutraceuticals and/or micronutrient supplementation on features of PCOS in women aged ≥18 years. A total of 344 articles were included. Forty-one supplements were identified, with the most frequently investigated being inositols (n = 86), vitamin D (n = 53), N-acetylcysteine (n = 27) and omega-3 fatty acids (n = 25). Reproductive outcomes were the most commonly reported (n = 285; 83%), followed by metabolic (n = 229; 67%), anthropometric (n = 197; 57%) and psychological (n = 8; 2%). Our results identified that nutraceutical and micronutrient supplementation require further investigation of psychological outcomes in women with PCOS. Moreover, adequately powered primary studies are warranted to investigate therapeutic doses needed for clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scannell
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia;
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Vibhuti Rao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2145, Australia; (V.R.); (C.E.)
| | - Chhiti Pandey
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2145, Australia; (V.R.); (C.E.)
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia;
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15
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Aryal A. C. S, Nassar M, Rani K. G. A, Al-Rawi AM, Nassar R, Islam MS. Phytic acid effect on periodontal ligament fibroblast: An in-vitro study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295612. [PMID: 38096253 PMCID: PMC10721015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated phytic acid (IP6) effect on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells in optimal (OGL) and elevated glucose level (EGL) in cell culture media. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were seeded in OGL (1000mg/L) or EGL (4500 mg/L) media. IP6 was added at 0.005%, 0.01% or 0.02% concentrations for 24 or 48h, and XTT assay was performed. Cell differentiation and calcium release in presence of 0.02% IP6 in OGL or EGL in non-osteogenic or osteogenic media were analyzed using ALP assay and alizarin red staining, respectively. RESULTS In OGL, IP6 enhanced the viability of the cells at both exposure times (P<0.05). However, IP6 lowered the viability of the cells with the presence of EGL compared to the control at both exposure times, except for 0.02% IP6 which showed comparable viability to the control at 48 h. In OGL and EGL, ALP activity of the cells was not affected by the presence of IP6 in non-osteogenic media; however, in osteogenic media IP6 lowered the ALP activity. Meanwhile, calcium release was the highest with IP6 within osteogenic media of EGL. CONCLUSIONS IP6 effects on the HPDL cells were dependent on IP6 concentration, time of exposure, glucose levels and the osteogenic condition of the media. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study gives insights on the potential therapeutic effect of IP6 as adjunctive periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Aryal A. C.
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aghila Rani K. G.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Rawi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md. Sofiqul Islam
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Watkins OC, Pillai RA, Selvam P, Yong HE, Cracknell‐Hazra VK, Sharma N, Cazenave‐Gassiot A, Bendt AK, Godfrey KM, Lewis RM, Wenk MR, Chan S. Myo-inositol alters the effects of glucose, leptin and insulin on placental palmitic acid and oleic acid metabolism. J Physiol 2023; 601:4151-4169. [PMID: 37602663 PMCID: PMC10952252 DOI: 10.1113/jp285036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-regulated placental palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) metabolism is vital for optimal placental function and fetal development, but dysregulation occurs with gestational diabetes (GDM). We hypothesized that such dysregulation might arise from increased maternofetal glucose, leptin or insulin concentrations present in GDM, and that dysregulated PA and OA lipid metabolism could be moderated by myo-inositol, a natural polyol and potential GDM intervention. Placental explants from 21 women were incubated with stable isotope-labelled 13 C-PA or 13 C-OA for 48 h. Explants were treated with glucose (5, 10 mm) or leptin (13 nm) or insulin (150 nm) in combination with myo-inositol (0.3, 30, 60 μm). Forty-seven 13 C-PA lipids and 37 13 C-OA lipids were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Compared with controls (5 mm glucose), glucose (10 mm) increased 19 13 C-OA lipids and nine 13 C-PA lipids, but decreased 13 C-OA phosphatidylethanolamine 38:5 and 13 C-PA phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4. The effects of leptin and insulin were less prominent than glucose, with leptin increasing 13 C-OA acylcarnitine 18:1, and insulin increasing four 13 C-PA triacylglycerides. Most glucose, leptin and insulin-induced alterations in lipids were attenuated by co-incubation with myo-inositol (30 or 60 μm), with attenuation also occurring in all subgroups stratified by GDM status and fetal sex. However, glucose-induced increases in acylcarnitine were not attenuated by myo-inositol and were even exaggerated in some instances. Myo-inositol therefore appears to generally act as a moderator, suppressing the perturbation of lipid metabolic processes by glucose, leptin and insulin in placenta in vitro. Whether myo-inositol protects the fetus and pregnancy from unfavourable outcomes requires further research. KEY POINTS: Incubation of placental explants with additional glucose, or to a lesser extent insulin or leptin, alters the placental production of 13 C-lipids from 13 C-palmitic acid (PA) and 13 C-oleic acid (OA) in vitro compared with untreated controls from the same placenta. Co-incubation with myo-inositol attenuated most alterations induced by glucose, insulin or leptin in 13 C-lipids, but did not affect alterations in 13 C-acylcarnitines. Alterations induced by glucose and leptin in 13 C-PA triacylglycerides and 13 C-PA phospholipids were influenced by fetal sex and gestational diabetes status, but were all still attenuated by myo-inositol co-incubation. Insulin differently affected 13 C-PA triacylglycerides and 13 C-PA phospholipids depending on fetal sex, with alterations also attenuated by myo-inositol co-incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Reshma Appukuttan Pillai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Preben Selvam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Hannah E.J. Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Victoria K.B. Cracknell‐Hazra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave‐Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Precision Medicine TRPNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Anne K. Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Rohan M. Lewis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Precision Medicine TRPNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Shiao‐Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
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17
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Benson DL, Layé S. Bridging a mechanistic gap from diet to synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309992120. [PMID: 37531376 PMCID: PMC10433296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309992120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Basciani S, Nordio M, Dinicola S, Unfer V, Gnessi L. Diet Plus Inositols, α-Lactalbumin and Gymnema sylvestre: The Successful Combo to Restore Body Weight and Metabolic Profile in Obese and Dysmetabolic Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:3142. [PMID: 37513560 PMCID: PMC10385591 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary control of dysmetabolic patients is extremely challenging worldwide, with inadequate dietary habits and sporadic physical activity among the key risk factors for metabolic syndrome onset. Nowadays, there is no exclusive treatment for this condition, and considering that preventive measures usually fail, new therapeutic approaches need to be proposed and investigated. This present pilot study compared the effects of diet alone and in association with a combination of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in their 40:1 ratio, α-lactalbumin, and Gymnema sylvestre on different metabolic parameters in obese dysmetabolic patients. To this purpose, 37 patients with BMI between 30 and 40 and fasting blood glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL were divided into two groups: (i) the control group followed a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet, (ii) while the study group was also supplemented with a daily dosage of two sachets, each one containing 1950 mg myo-inositol, 50 mg d-chiro-inositol, 50 mg α-lactalbumin, and 250 mg Gymnema Sylvestre. After a 6-month treatment, all parameters improved in both groups. Nevertheless, the treated group experienced a greater improvement, especially concerning the variation from the baseline of HOMA index, triglycerides, BMI, body weight, and waist circumference. These findings support the supplementation with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol in the 40:1 ratio, α-lactalbumin, and Gymnema sylvestre as a therapeutical strategy to potentiate the beneficial effects induced via dietary programs in dysmetabolic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Basciani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nordio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Potter LA, Toro CA, Harlow L, Lavin KM, Cardozo CP, Wende AR, Graham ZA. Assessing the impact of boldine on the gastrocnemius using multiomics profiling at 7 and 28 days post-complete spinal cord injury in young male mice. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:297-313. [PMID: 37125768 PMCID: PMC10292965 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00129.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in rapid muscle loss. Exogenous molecular interventions to slow muscle atrophy after SCI have been relatively ineffective and require the search for novel therapeutic targets. Connexin hemichannels (CxHCs) allow nonselective passage of small molecules into and out of the cell. Boldine, a CxHC-inhibiting aporphine found in the boldo tree (Peumus boldus), has shown promising preclinical results in slowing atrophy during sepsis and restoring muscle function in dysferlinopathy. We administered 50 mg/kg/day of boldine to spinal cord transected mice beginning 3 days post-injury. Tissue was collected 7 and 28 days post-SCI and the gastrocnemius was used for multiomics profiling. Boldine did not prevent body or muscle mass loss but attenuated SCI-induced changes in the abundance of the amino acids proline, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine, as well as glucose, 7 days post-SCI. SCI resulted in the differential expression of ∼7,700 and ∼2,000 genes at 7 and 28 days, respectively, compared with Sham controls. Pathway enrichment of these genes highlighted ribosome biogenesis at 7 days and translation and oxidative phosphorylation at both timepoints. Boldine altered the expression of ∼150 genes at 7 days and ∼110 genes at 28 days post-SCI. Pathway enrichment of these genes indicated a potential role for boldine in suppressing protein ubiquitination and degradation at the 7-day timepoint. Methylation analyses showed minimal differences between groups. Taken together, boldine is not an efficacious therapy to preserve body and muscle mass after complete SCI, though it attenuated some SCI-induced changes across the metabolome and transcriptome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to describe the multiome of skeletal muscle paralyzed by a spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice across the acute and subacute timeframe after injury. We show large-scale changes in the metabolome and transcriptome at 7 days post-injury compared with 28 days. Furthermore, we show that the alkaloid boldine was able to prevent SCI-induced changes in muscle glucose and free amino acid levels at 7 days, but not 28 days, after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Potter
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Carlos A Toro
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Lauren Harlow
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Healthspan, Resilience & Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- Medical Service, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Healthspan, Resilience & Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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20
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Kang YW, Joo NM. Optimization of Nutrient-Rich Ice Plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) Paste Fresh Noodle Pasta Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2023; 12:2482. [PMID: 37444220 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ice plant is a species that is grown mainly in the dry regions of the American West and contains various minerals and ingredients beneficial for human health, such as inositol and beta-carotene. With the growing trend towards healthy foods, pasta consumption has also increased. Pasta is a convenient and low-glycemic-index food that is composed mainly of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and trace amounts of minerals. The optimal mixing ratio was evaluated to produce pasta of the highest quality in terms of blood sugar elevation and antioxidant efficacy. The components and minerals of the ice plant, including D-pinitol and inositol, were analyzed, and 20 essential amino acids were identified. In this study, we also investigated the quality and characteristics of ice plant paste and eggs, as well as the quality, antioxidant activity, and formulation of raw materials mixed with ice plant at different ratios. Optimal conditions were found to be 46.73 g of ice plant paste in 100 g of durum wheat flour, 20.23 g of egg, and 2 g of salt, providing a way to develop fresh pasta that enhances the health benefits of ice plant paste without excessive moisture and other ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Wool Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Mi Joo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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21
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Khoshnejat M, Banaei-Moghaddam AM, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kavousi K. A holistic view of muscle metabolic reprogramming through personalized metabolic modeling in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287325. [PMID: 37319295 PMCID: PMC10270629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a challenging and progressive metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle is the major insulin-sensitive tissue that plays a pivotal role in blood sugar homeostasis. Dysfunction of muscle metabolism is implicated in the disturbance of glucose homeostasis, the development of insulin resistance, and T2DM. Understanding metabolism reprogramming in newly diagnosed patients provides opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM as a challenging disease to manage. Here, we applied a system biology approach to investigate metabolic dysregulations associated with the early stage of T2DM. We first reconstructed a human muscle-specific metabolic model. The model was applied for personalized metabolic modeling and analyses in newly diagnosed patients. We found that several pathways and metabolites, mainly implicating in amino acids and lipids metabolisms, were dysregulated. Our results indicated the significance of perturbation of pathways implicated in building membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM). Dysfunctional metabolism in these pathways possibly interrupts the signaling process and develops insulin resistance. We also applied a machine learning method to predict potential metabolite markers of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. 13 exchange metabolites were predicted as the potential markers. The efficiency of these markers in discriminating insulin-resistant muscle was successfully validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoshnejat
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Banaei-Moghaddam
- The UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory of Genomics and Epigenomics (LGE), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- The UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Arefhosseini S, Roshanravan N, Asghari S, Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Expression of inflammatory genes, WBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and liver function indices: Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in obese patients with NAFLD. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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23
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Bizzarri M, Monti N, Piombarolo A, Angeloni A, Verna R. Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol as Modulators of Ovary Steroidogenesis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081875. [PMID: 37111094 PMCID: PMC10145676 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol is a natural polyol, the most abundant among the nine possible structural isomers available in living organisms. Inositol confers some distinctive traits that allow for a striking distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the basic clusters into which organisms are partitioned. Inositol cooperates in numerous biological functions where the polyol participates or by furnishing the fundamental backbone of several related derived metabolites, mostly obtained through the sequential addition of phosphate groups (inositol phosphates, phosphoinositides, and pyrophosphates). Overall myo-inositol and its phosphate metabolites display an entangled network, which is involved in the core of the biochemical processes governing critical transitions inside cells. Noticeably, experimental data have shown that myo-inositol and its most relevant epimer D-chiro-inositol are both necessary to permit a faithful transduction of insulin and of other molecular factors. This improves the complete breakdown of glucose through the citric acid cycle, especially in glucose-greedy tissues, such as the ovary. In particular, while D-chiro-inositol promotes androgen synthesis in the theca layer and down-regulates aromatase and estrogen expression in granulosa cells, myo-inositol strengthens aromatase and FSH receptor expression. Inositol effects on glucose metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis represent an intriguing area of investigation, as recent results have demonstrated that inositol-related metabolites dramatically modulate the expression of several genes. Conversely, treatments including myo-inositol and its isomers have proven to be effective in the management and symptomatic relief of a number of diseases associated with the endocrine function of the ovary, namely polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University, 00160 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Piombarolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Verna
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University, 00160 Rome, Italy
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24
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Fedeli V, Catizone A, Querqui A, Unfer V, Bizzarri M. The Role of Inositols in the Hyperandrogenic Phenotypes of PCOS: A Re-Reading of Larner’s Results. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076296. [PMID: 37047265 PMCID: PMC10093919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder in women, in which, besides chronic anovulation/oligomenorrhea and ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism plays a critical role in a large fraction of subjects. Inositol isomers—myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol—have recently been pharmacologically effective in managing many PCOS symptoms while rescuing ovarian fertility. However, some disappointing clinical results prompted the reconsideration of their specific biological functions. Surprisingly, D-Chiro-Ins stimulates androgen synthesis and decreases the ovarian estrogen pathway; on the contrary, myo-Ins activates FSH response and aromatase activity, finally mitigating ovarian hyperandrogenism. However, when the two isomers are given in association—according to the physiological ratio of 40:1—patients could benefit from myo-Ins enhanced FSH and estrogen responsiveness, while taking advantage of the insulin-sensitizing effects displayed mostly by D-Chiro-Ins. We need not postulate insulin resistance to explain PCOS pathogenesis, given that insulin hypersensitivity is likely a shared feature of PCOS ovaries. Indeed, even in the presence of physiological insulin stimulation, the PCOS ovary synthesizes D-Chiro-Ins four times more than that measured in control theca cells. The increased D-Chiro-Ins within the ovary is detrimental in preserving steroidogenic control, and this failure can easily explain why treatment strategies based upon high D-Chiro-Ins have been recognized as poorly effective. Within this perspective, two factors emerge as major determinants in PCOS: hyperandrogenism and reduced aromatase expression. Therefore, PCOS could no longer be considered a disease only due to increased androgen synthesis without considering the contemporary downregulation of aromatase and FSH receptors. Furthermore, these findings suggest that inositols can be specifically effective only for those PCOS phenotypes featured by hyperandrogenism.
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25
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Wang C, Zhou J, Zhang S, Gao X, Yang Y, Hou J, Chen G, Tang X, Wu J, Yuan L. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates Sugar Accumulation in Wucai ( Brassica campestris L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054816. [PMID: 36902245 PMCID: PMC10003340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) is a leafy vegetable that originated in China, its soluble sugars accumulate significantly to improve taste quality during maturation, and it is widely accepted by consumers. In this study, we investigated the soluble sugar content at different developmental stages. Two periods including 34 days after planting (DAP) and 46 DAP, which represent the period prior to and after sugar accumulation, respectively, were selected for metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were mainly enriched in the pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. By orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant s-plot (OPLS-DA S-plot) and MetaboAnalyst analyses, D-galactose and β-D-glucose were identified as the major components of sugar accumulation in wucai. Combined with the transcriptome, the pathway of sugar accumulation and the interact network between 26 DEGs and the two sugars were mapped. CWINV4, CEL1, BGLU16, and BraA03g023380.3C had positive correlations with the accumulation of sugar accumulation in wucai. The lower expression of BraA06g003260.3C, BraA08g002960.3C, BraA05g019040.3C, and BraA05g027230.3C promoted sugar accumulation during the ripening of wucai. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying sugar accumulation during commodity maturity, providing a basis for the breeding of sugar-rich wucai cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xun Gao
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yitao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0551-65786212
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26
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Chen Q, Shen L, Li S. Emerging role of inositol monophosphatase in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114442. [PMID: 36841024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) is an enzyme with two homologs-IMPA1 and IMPA2-that is responsible for dephosphorylating myo-inositol monophosphate to generate myo-inositol. IMPase has been extensively studied in neuropsychiatric diseases and is regarded as a susceptibility gene. Recently, emerging evidence has implied that IMPase is linked to cancer development and progression and correlates with patient survival outcomes. Interestingly, whether it acts as a tumor-promoter or tumor-suppressor is inconsistent among different research studies. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on IMPase in cancer, focusing on exploring the underlying mechanisms for its pro- and anticancer roles. In addition, we discuss the potential methods of IMPase regulation in cancer cells and the possible approaches for IMPase intervention in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Contreras A, Jones MK, Eldon ED, Klig LS. Inositol in Disease and Development: Roles of Catabolism via myo-Inositol Oxygenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4185. [PMID: 36835596 PMCID: PMC9967586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol depletion has been associated with diabetes and related complications. Increased inositol catabolism, via myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), has been implicated in decreased renal function. This study demonstrates that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster catabolizes myo-inositol via MIOX. The levels of mRNA encoding MIOX and MIOX specific activity are increased when fruit flies are grown on a diet with inositol as the sole sugar. Inositol as the sole dietary sugar can support D. melanogaster survival, indicating that there is sufficient catabolism for basic energy requirements, allowing for adaptation to various environments. The elimination of MIOX activity, via a piggyBac WH-element inserted into the MIOX gene, results in developmental defects including pupal lethality and pharate flies without proboscises. In contrast, RNAi strains with reduced levels of mRNA encoding MIOX and reduced MIOX specific activity develop to become phenotypically wild-type-appearing adult flies. myo-Inositol levels in larval tissues are highest in the strain with this most extreme loss of myo-inositol catabolism. Larval tissues from the RNAi strains have inositol levels higher than wild-type larval tissues but lower levels than the piggyBac WH-element insertion strain. myo-Inositol supplementation of the diet further increases the myo-inositol levels in the larval tissues of all the strains, without any noticeable effects on development. Obesity and blood (hemolymph) glucose, two hallmarks of diabetes, were reduced in the RNAi strains and further reduced in the piggyBac WH-element insertion strain. Collectively, these data suggest that moderately increased myo-inositol levels do not cause developmental defects and directly correspond to reduced larval obesity and blood (hemolymph) glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altagracia Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Melissa K. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Eldon
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Lisa S. Klig
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
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Arefhosseini S, Roshanravan N, Tutunchi H, Rostami S, Khoshbaten M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Myo-inositol supplementation improves cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1092544. [PMID: 36824177 PMCID: PMC9941177 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Myo-inositol (MI)-a 6-C sugar alcohol-with insulin-mimetic, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties has exerted favorable effects on insulin resistance-related disorders and metabolic disease, while recent animal studies revealed its positive effects on liver function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with NAFLD. Methods This double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out on 48 obese patients with NAFLD who were randomly assigned to either MI (4g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin 4g/day) along with dietary recommendations for 8 weeks. Glycemic indices, lipid profile, liver enzymes anthropometric measures, and blood pressure were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 3-day 24 h recall and analyzed by Nutritionist IV software. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) was also estimated. Results Anthropometric measures decreased significantly in both groups, while the reduction in weight (p = 0.049) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) in the MI group was significantly greater than in the placebo group after adjusting for baseline values and energy intake. Although energy and macronutrient intakes decreased significantly in both groups, between-group differences were not significant after adjusting for the potential confounders. MI supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum fasting insulin (p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.046). There were significant improvements in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio as well as serum ferritin level in the MI group, compared to the placebo group at the endpoint. By MI supplementation for eight weeks, 1 in 3 patients reduced one- grade in the severity of NAFLD. Conclusion MI supplementation could significantly improve IR, lipid profile, and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes, longer duration, different MI doses, and other inositol derivatives are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manuchehr Khoshbaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,*Correspondence: Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani ✉
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Medenica S, Spoltore ME, Ormazabal P, Marina LV, Sojat AS, Faggiano A, Gnessi L, Mazzilli R, Watanabe M. Female infertility in the era of obesity: The clash of two pandemics or inevitable consequence? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:141-152. [PMID: 35644933 PMCID: PMC10084349 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic that has led to a rise in the incidence of many comorbidities: among others, reduced fertility is often under-evaluated in clinical practice. The mechanisms underlying the link between reduced fertility and obesity are numerous, with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and the frequent coexistence of polycystic ovary syndrome being the most acknowledged. However, several other factors concur, such as gut microbiome alterations, low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Not only do women with obesity take longer to conceive, but in vitro fertilization (IVF) is also less likely to succeed. We herein provide an updated state-of-the-art regarding the molecular bases of what we could define as dysmetabolic infertility, focusing on the clinical aspects, as well as possible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Medenica
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Maria Elena Spoltore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ljiljana V Marina
- Department for Obesity, Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antoan Stefan Sojat
- Department for Obesity, Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fiore G, Pascuzzi MC, Di Profio E, Corsello A, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Milanta C, Campoy C, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Bioactive compounds in childhood obesity and associated metabolic complications: Current evidence, controversies and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106599. [PMID: 36503001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents the most frequent chronic disease among children worldwide, with a significant global burden on society. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) can affect children since their first years of life, and novel therapeutic strategies to tackle metabolic complications are under investigation. This review focuses on bioactive compounds and their possible beneficial effects on obesity, particularly omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, biotics, polysaccharide macromolecules, polyphenols, inositols, alpha lipoic acid, and bromelaine. Our aim is to summarize current evidence about bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity, highlighting recent findings on their use in children and adolescents. Most studied molecules are omega-3 and vitamin D, despite the heterogeneity between the studies. Moreover, given the emerging interest in the gut-brain axis in the link between metabolic health and microbiota, various studies on prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and polysaccharide macromolecules have been considered. Some preclinical studies seem to highlight a possible role of the polyphenols, even if their clinical evidence is still discussed. Lastly, we describe possible effects of inositols and alpha-lipoic acid. Despite some dietary supplements seem to be promising in overweight subjects, only in a few of them a dose/response efficacy has been found in the pediatric age. Innovative, well-designed and targeted clinical trials are then needed to prove the beneficial effects of these compounds that could support the standard behavioral therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting an increasing number of people. Although diabetes has negative health outcomes for diagnosed individuals, a population at particular risk are pregnant women, as diabetes impacts not only a pregnant woman's health but that of her child. In this review, we cover the current knowledge and unanswered questions on diabetes affecting an expectant mother, focusing on maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia González Corona
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald J. Parchem
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Campbell IH, Campbell H, Smith DJ. Insulin signaling as a therapeutic mechanism of lithium in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:350. [PMID: 36038539 PMCID: PMC9424309 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose that lithium may exert its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder by acting on insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, we assess the importance of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) insulin signaling pathway and we assess how the action of lithium on both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the phosphatidylinositol cycle may lead to mood stabilization mediated by PI3K/Akt insulin signaling. We also highlight evidence that several other actions of lithium (including effects on Akt, Protein kinase C (PKC), and sodium myo-inositol transporters) are putative mediators of insulin signaling. This novel mode of action of lithium is consistent with an emerging consensus that energy dysregulation represents a core deficit in bipolar disorder. It may also provide context for the significant co-morbidity between bipolar disorder, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic illness characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. It is suggested that developments in assessing neuronal insulin signaling using extracellular vesicles would allow for this hypothesis to be tested in bipolar disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain H. Campbell
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Tu-Sekine B, Kim SF. The Inositol Phosphate System-A Coordinator of Metabolic Adaptability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6747. [PMID: 35743190 PMCID: PMC9223660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells rely on nutrients to supply energy and carbon building blocks to support cellular processes. Over time, eukaryotes have developed increasingly complex systems to integrate information about available nutrients with the internal state of energy stores to activate the necessary processes to meet the immediate and ongoing needs of the cell. One such system is the network of soluble and membrane-associated inositol phosphates that coordinate the cellular responses to nutrient uptake and utilization from growth factor signaling to energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the coordinated interactions of the inositol polyphosphates, inositol pyrophosphates, and phosphoinositides in major metabolic signaling pathways to illustrate the central importance of the inositol phosphate signaling network in nutrient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Tu-Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Zarezadeh M, Dehghani A, Faghfouri AH, Radkhah N, Naemi Kermanshahi M, Hamedi Kalajahi F, Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Ghoreishi Z, Ostadrahimi A, Ebrahimi Mamaghani M. Inositol supplementation and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:387-397. [PMID: 35664247 PMCID: PMC9159559 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inositol is a sugar-alcohol and recognized as a key component of cell membrane phospholipids. It has crucial role in the cell signaling pathways and contribute to improving glycemic responses. Although some earlier studies have revealed the effect of inositol mediating glucose uptake by improving insulin sensitivity, the benefit of inositol supplementation in patients with overweight and obesity is not completely understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of inositol supplementation on body mass index (BMI) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Methods A systematic search was performed to August 2021 in the following databases: PubMed-Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen controlled clinical trials investigating the effect of inositol on adult's BMI were finally included in the study. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed by dose, duration, age, type of inositol. Meta-regression was used to investigate presence of any linear relationship. Begg's and Egger's tests were carried out to detect small study effect. Results The results of pooled analysis showed that inositol supplementation significantly decreased BMI scores (WMD = -0.41 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.78, -0.04; p = 0.028). Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the source of heterogeneity among studies (I 2 = 73.9%, p < 0.001), demonstrating supplementation duration, baseline BMI, mean age of participants, type of inositol and dosage were potential sources of heterogeneity. The effect of intervention was more clinically significant in participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and overweight/obesity. Inositol in the form of myo-inositol (MI) had stronger effect on BMI reduction. Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that oral inositol supplementation has positive effect on BMI reduction. Inositol supplementation could be considered as an adjunct treatment to improve body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Clinical NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Nima Radkhah
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad Naemi Kermanshahi
- Department of Clinical NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Fatemeh Hamedi Kalajahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zohreh Ghoreishi
- Department of Clinical NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Department of Clinical NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceNutrition Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi Mamaghani
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet TherapySchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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35
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The paradoxical role of inositol in cancer: a consequence of the metabolic state of a tumor. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:249-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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DiNicolantonio JJ, H O'Keefe J. Myo-inositol for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-001989. [PMID: 35236761 PMCID: PMC8896029 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Soldat-Stanković V, Popović-Pejičić S, Stanković S, Prtina A, Malešević G, Bjekić-Macut J, Livadas S, Ognjanović S, Mastorakos G, Micić D, Macut D. The effect of metformin and myoinositol on metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of body mass and adiponectin in a randomized controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:583-595. [PMID: 34665453 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After the 6-month intervention, comparison between MET and MI in time to treatment analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatments for all analyzed parameters. Only borderline significantly lower AUC glucose was found in the MET group in comparison to the MI group (p = 0.071). The main effect of treatment was shown for glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (p = 0.032) and testosterone (p = 0.002). The main effect of time was shown for body mass (p = 0.004), waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), body fat mass (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.020), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.015), SHBG (p = 0.013), 17OH progesterone (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.004) and estradiol (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our study showed similar effects of MET and MI on BMI, body composition, hormonal profile, metabolism of glucose and insulin, and adiponectin level. The two insulin sensitizers, MET and MI, were useful in reducing BMI and improving body composition without significant differences between the two treatments in PCOS women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13199265. Trial registration date: 14.04.2021. (ISRCTN Registry), retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soldat-Stanković
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Popović-Pejičić
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Stanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Prtina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - G Malešević
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - J Bjekić-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, CHC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Livadas
- Endocrine Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Ognjanović
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotica 13, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrine Diseases, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Micić
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotica 13, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Rivera MJ, Contreras A, Nguyen LT, Eldon ED, Klig LS. Regulated inositol synthesis is critical for balanced metabolism and development in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Open 2021; 10:272639. [PMID: 34710213 PMCID: PMC8565467 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol is a precursor of the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (PI). It is involved in many essential cellular processes including signal transduction, energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and osmoregulation. Inositol is synthesized from glucose-6-phosphate by myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPSp). The Drosophila melanogaster Inos gene encodes MIPSp. Abnormalities in myo-inositol metabolism have been implicated in type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Obesity and high blood (hemolymph) glucose are two hallmarks of diabetes, which can be induced in Drosophila melanogaster third-instar larvae by high-sucrose diets. This study shows that dietary inositol reduces the obese-like and high-hemolymph glucose phenotypes of third-instar larvae fed high-sucrose diets. Furthermore, this study demonstrates Inos mRNA regulation by dietary inositol; when more inositol is provided there is less Inos mRNA. Third-instar larvae with dysregulated high levels of Inos mRNA and MIPSp show dramatic reductions of the obese-like and high-hemolymph glucose phenotypes. These strains, however, also display developmental defects and pupal lethality. The few individuals that eclose die within two days with striking defects: structural alterations of the wings and legs, and heads lacking proboscises. This study is an exciting extension of the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for exploring the junction of development and metabolism. Summary: Inositol reduces obesity and high blood (hemolymph) glucose, but can cause dramatic developmental defects. This study uses the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to explore the junction of development and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Rivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Altagracia Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - LongThy T Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Eldon
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Lisa S Klig
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
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Cheng F, Ge X, Zhang Y, Li J, Yan S, Li Y, Wang M. Quercetin and d-chiro-inositol combined alleviate hepatic insulin resistance. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Dinicola S, Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Soulage CO, Greene ND, Bizzarri M, Laganà AS, Chan SY, Bevilacqua A, Pkhaladze L, Benvenga S, Stringaro A, Barbaro D, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bezerra Espinola MS, Cantelmi T, Cavalli P, Chiu TT, Copp AJ, D’Anna R, Dewailly D, Di Lorenzo C, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Hernández Marín I, Hod M, Kamenov Z, Kandaraki E, Monastra G, Montanino Oliva M, Nestler JE, Nordio M, Ozay AC, Papalou O, Porcaro G, Prapas N, Roseff S, Vazquez-Levin M, Vucenik I, Wdowiak A. Inositols: From Established Knowledge to Novel Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10575. [PMID: 34638926 PMCID: PMC8508595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) are natural compounds involved in many biological pathways. Since the discovery of their involvement in endocrine signal transduction, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins supplementation has contributed to clinical approaches in ameliorating many gynecological and endocrinological diseases. Currently both myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins are well-tolerated, effective alternative candidates to the classical insulin sensitizers, and are useful treatments in preventing and treating metabolic and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and male fertility disturbances, like sperm abnormalities. Moreover, besides metabolic activity, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins deeply influence steroidogenesis, regulating the pools of androgens and estrogens, likely in opposite ways. Given the complexity of inositol-related mechanisms of action, many of their beneficial effects are still under scrutiny. Therefore, continuing research aims to discover new emerging roles and mechanisms that can allow clinicians to tailor inositol therapy and to use it in other medical areas, hitherto unexplored. The present paper outlines the established evidence on inositols and updates on recent research, namely concerning D-chiro-Ins involvement into steroidogenesis. In particular, D-chiro-Ins mediates insulin-induced testosterone biosynthesis from ovarian thecal cells and directly affects synthesis of estrogens by modulating the expression of the aromatase enzyme. Ovaries, as well as other organs and tissues, are characterized by a specific ratio of myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins, which ensures their healthy state and proper functionality. Altered inositol ratios may account for pathological conditions, causing an imbalance in sex hormones. Such situations usually occur in association with medical conditions, such as PCOS, or as a consequence of some pharmacological treatments. Based on the physiological role of inositols and the pathological implications of altered myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins ratios, inositol therapy may be designed with two different aims: (1) restoring the inositol physiological ratio; (2) altering the ratio in a controlled way to achieve specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (V.U.); (M.B.); (C.A.); (M.S.B.E.); (G.M.)
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (V.U.); (M.B.); (C.A.); (M.S.B.E.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Mother-Infant and Adult Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Christophe O. Soulage
- CarMeN Lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Nicholas D. Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.D.G.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (V.U.); (M.B.); (C.A.); (M.S.B.E.); (G.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital “Filippo Del Ponte”, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lali Pkhaladze
- Zhordania and Khomasuridze Institute of Reproductology, Tbilisi 0112, Georgia;
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniele Barbaro
- U.O. Endocrinology in Livorno Hospital, USL Nordovest Toscana, 57100 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cesare Aragona
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (V.U.); (M.B.); (C.A.); (M.S.B.E.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Tonino Cantelmi
- Institute for Interpersonal Cognitive Therapy, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Cavalli
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Andrew J. Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (N.D.G.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Rosario D’Anna
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, 15123 Athens, Greece; (E.D.-K.); (E.K.); (O.P.)
| | - Imelda Hernández Marín
- Human Reproduction Department, Hospital Juárez de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 07760, Mexico;
| | - Moshe Hod
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Eleni Kandaraki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, 15123 Athens, Greece; (E.D.-K.); (E.K.); (O.P.)
| | - Giovanni Monastra
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.D.); (V.U.); (M.B.); (C.A.); (M.S.B.E.); (G.M.)
| | | | - John E. Nestler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | | | - Ali C. Ozay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Near East University Hospital, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, 15123 Athens, Greece; (E.D.-K.); (E.K.); (O.P.)
| | | | - Nikos Prapas
- IAKENTRO, Infertility Treatment Center, 54250 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Scott Roseff
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, South Florida Institute for Reproductive Medicine (IVFMD), Boca Raton, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Monica Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME, CONICET-FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2490, Argentina;
| | - Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical & Research Technology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Artur Wdowiak
- Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Muroya S, Zhang Y, Kinoshita A, Otomaru K, Oshima K, Gotoh Y, Oshima I, Sano M, Roh S, Oe M, Ojima K, Gotoh T. Maternal Undernutrition during Pregnancy Alters Amino Acid Metabolism and Gene Expression Associated with Energy Metabolism and Angiogenesis in Fetal Calf Muscle. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090582. [PMID: 34564398 PMCID: PMC8465837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying maternal undernutrition (MUN)-induced fetal skeletal muscle growth impairment in cattle, the longissimus thoracis muscle of Japanese Black fetal calves at 8.5 months in utero was analyzed by an integrative approach with metabolomics and transcriptomics. The pregnant cows were fed on 60% (low-nutrition, LN) or 120% (high-nutrition, HN) of their overall nutritional requirement during gestation. MUN markedly decreased the bodyweight and muscle weight of the fetus. The levels of amino acids (AAs) and arginine-related metabolites including glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and putrescine were higher in the LN group than those in the HN group. Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that the highly different metabolites were associated with the metabolic pathways of pyrimidine, glutathione, and AAs such as arginine and glutamate, suggesting that MUN resulted in AA accumulation rather than protein accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of energy metabolism-associated genes, such as PRKAA1, ANGPTL4, APLNR, CPT1B, NOS2, NOS3, UCP2, and glycolytic genes were lower in the LN group than in the HN group. The gene ontology/pathway analysis revealed that the downregulated genes in the LN group were associated with glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, HIF-1 signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, pentose phosphate, and insulin signaling pathways. Thus, MUN altered the levels of AAs and expression of genes associated with energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, and angiogenesis in the fetal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Muroya
- Division of Animal Products Research, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba 305-0901, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.O.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; (Y.Z.); (A.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Aoi Kinoshita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; (Y.Z.); (A.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Kounosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;
| | - Kazunaga Oshima
- Division of Year-Round Grazing Research, NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Ohda 694-0013, Shimane, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuji Gotoh
- Division of Year-Round Grazing Research, NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Ohda 694-0013, Shimane, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ichiro Oshima
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; (Y.Z.); (A.K.); (I.O.)
| | - Mitsue Sano
- Faculty of Human Culture, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Mika Oe
- Division of Animal Products Research, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba 305-0901, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Koichi Ojima
- Division of Animal Products Research, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba 305-0901, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan; (Y.Z.); (A.K.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (T.G.)
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Zhao H, Xing C, Zhang J, He B. Comparative efficacy of oral insulin sensitizers metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositol, and berberine in improving endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS: a network meta-analysis. Reprod Health 2021; 18:171. [PMID: 34407851 PMCID: PMC8371888 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple oral insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, and berberine, have been proven safe and efficacious in improving the endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive abnormalities seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), providing more options for healthcare providers and patients. These oral insulin sensitizers are more convenient, practical, and economic than agents that need to be injected. A comparison of the clinical effectiveness of the four different classes of oral insulin sensitizers in PCOS has not been explored, leading to clinical uncertainty about the optimal treatment pathway. The present study aims to compare the effects of oral insulin sensitizers on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS. Methods We identified randomized controlled trials for PCOS from a variety of databases, published from January 2005 to October 2020. Outcomes included changes in menstrual frequency, improvements in hyperandrogenism and glucolipid metabolism and adverse side effects. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed. Results Twenty-two trials comprising 1079 patients with PCOS were included in this study. Compared with metformin, treatment with myo-inositol + d-chiro-inositol was associated with a greater improvement in menstrual frequency (odds ratio 14.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31–93.58]). Myo-inositol + d-chiro-inositol and metformin + thiazolidinediones combination therapies were superior to respective monotherapies in reducing total testosterone levels. Thiazolidinediones, metformin + thiazolidinediones, and myo-inositol + d-chiro-inositol were associated with a lower insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) compared with that in metformin alone (mean differences: − 0.72 [95% CI (− 1.11)–(− 0.34)] to − 0.89 [95% CI (− 1.460)–(− 0.32)]). Metformin + thiazolidinediones treatment was associated with lower triglyceride levels compared with that in metformin and thiazolidinediones monotherapy, while thiazolidinediones was superior to metformin in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusions Ours is the first study to report that for women with PCOS, myo-inositol combined with d-chiro-inositol and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones appear superior to metformin alone in improving insulin resistance and decreasing total testosterone. Myo-inositol combined with d-chiro-inositol is particularly efficacious in menstrual recovery. Thiazolidinediones and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones improve lipid metabolism better than metformin alone. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42020211524 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01207-7. This study aimed to compare the effects of oral insulin sensitizers on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A random-effects network meta-analysis including 22 trials was conducted. For women with PCOS, myo-inositol combined with d-chiro-inositol and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones appear superior to metformin alone in improving insulin resistance and decreasing total testosterone level. Myo-inositol combined with d-chiro-inositol is particularly efficacious in menstrual recovery. Thiazolidinediones and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones improve lipid metabolism better than metformin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Melatonin and Myo-Inositol: Supporting Reproduction from the Oocyte to Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168433. [PMID: 34445135 PMCID: PMC8395120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pregnancy is a sequence of events finely tuned by several molecular interactions that come with a new birth. The precise interlocking of these events affecting the reproductive system guarantees safe embryo formation and fetal development. In this scenario, melatonin and myo-inositol seem to be pivotal not only in the physiology of the reproduction process, but also in the promotion of positive gestational outcomes. Evidence demonstrates that melatonin, beyond the role of circadian rhythm management, is a key controller of human reproductive functions. Similarly, as the most representative member of the inositol’s family, myo-inositol is essential in ensuring correct advancing of reproductive cellular events. The molecular crosstalk mediated by these two species is directly regulated by their availability in the human body. To date, biological implications of unbalanced amounts of melatonin and myo-inositol in each pregnancy step are growing the idea that these molecules actively contribute to reduce negative outcomes and improve the fertilization rate. Clinical data suggest that melatonin and myo-inositol may constitute an optimal dietary supplementation to sustain safe human gestation and a new potential way to prevent pregnancy-associated pathologies.
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Medina-Vera D, Navarro JA, Tovar R, Rosell-Valle C, Gutiérrez-Adan A, Ledesma JC, Sanjuan C, Pavón FJ, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J. Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Rat Hypothalamus Induced by an Acute Oral Administration of D-Pinitol. Nutrients 2021; 13:2268. [PMID: 34209137 PMCID: PMC8308282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Pinitol (DPIN) is a natural occurring inositol capable of activating the insulin pathway in peripheral tissues, whereas this has not been thoroughly studied in the central nervous system. The present study assessed the potential regulatory effects of DPIN on the hypothalamic insulin signaling pathway. To this end we investigated the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade in a rat model following oral administration of DPIN. The PI3K/Akt-associated proteins were quantified by Western blot in terms of phosphorylation and total expression. Results indicate that the acute administration of DPIN induced time-dependent phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and its related substrates within the hypothalamus, indicating an activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This profile is consistent with DPIN as an insulin sensitizer since we also found a decrease in the circulating concentration of this hormone. Overall, the present study shows the pharmacological action of DPIN in the hypothalamus through the PI3K/Akt pathway when giving in fasted animals. These findings suggest that DPIN might be a candidate to treat brain insulin-resistance associated disorders by activating insulin response beyond the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Medina-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rubén Tovar
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L. Calle Johannes Kepler, 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
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Bizzarri M, Logoteta P, Monastra G, Laganà AS. An innovative approach to polycystic ovary syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:546-556. [PMID: 34169781 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1920006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are insulin sensitising agents. In the ovary, myo-inositol acts as second messenger of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Both molecules were administered to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women. The gynaecologist Vittorio Unfer was the first to give specific value to myo-inositol for the treatment of PCOS: this important innovation opened new ways of research to identify efficient therapies based on myo-inositol alone or with low doses of D-chiro-inositol. Significant successes were also gained using myo-inositol in treating male and female infertility. Unfer's researches allowed to identify "the D-Chiro-Inositol Paradox in the Ovary" and the best myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol ratio (40:1) for the treatment of PCOS. Furthermore, his studies allowed to improve the inositol's efficacy using alpha-lactalbumin. As shown in this review, the main stages of Unfer's scientific career have been closely intertwined with important phases of the recent pharmacological research about the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Hashemi Tari S, Sohouli MH, Lari A, Fatahi S, Rahideh ST. The effect of inositol supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:78-84. [PMID: 34330516 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Potential effects of inositol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been examined in several interventional studies. Nevertheless, findings in this context are controversial. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of inositol supplementation on BP. METHODS Five online databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and PubMed were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. We included all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of inositol supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in humans. RESULTS The random-effects meta-analysis of 7 eligible RCTs demonstrated the significant decline in both SBP (WMD - 5.69 mmHg; 95% CI - 7.35 to - 4.02, P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD - 7.12 mmHg; 95% CI - 10.18 to - 4.05, P < 0.001) following supplementation with inositol. Subgroup analysis showed that studies performed in individuals with metabolic syndrome with a longer duration (>8 weeks) and a dose of 4000 mg resulted in a more effective reduction in SBP and DBP with acceptable homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis, indicated that supplementation with inositol significantly decrease SBP and DBP. Further large-scale RCTs with better design are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Hashemi Tari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lepore E, Lauretta R, Bianchini M, Mormando M, Di Lorenzo C, Unfer V. Inositols Depletion and Resistance: Principal Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6796. [PMID: 34202683 PMCID: PMC8268915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositols are natural molecules involved in several biochemical and metabolic functions in different organs and tissues. The term "inositols" refers to five natural stereoisomers, among which myo-Inositol (myo-Ins) is the most abundant one. Several mechanisms contribute to regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis of myo-Ins levels, including its endogenous synthesis and catabolism, transmembrane transport, intestinal adsorption and renal excretion. Alterations in these mechanisms can lead to a reduction of inositols levels, exposing patient to several pathological conditions, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, hormonal and metabolic imbalances, like weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, myo-Ins is involved in different physiological processes as a key player in signal pathways, including reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic modulation. Genetic mutations in genes codifying for proteins of myo-Ins synthesis and transport, competitive processes with structurally similar molecules, and the administration of specific drugs that cause a central depletion of myo-Ins as a therapeutic outcome, can lead to a reduction of inositols levels. A deeper knowledge of the main mechanisms involved in cellular inositols depletion may add new insights for developing tailored therapeutic approaches and shaping the dosages and the route of administration, with the aim to develop efficacious and safe approaches counteracting inositols depletion-induced pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lepore
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, 00156 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Lauretta
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Bianchini
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marilda Mormando
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, La Sapienza University Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- System Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061848. [PMID: 34071499 PMCID: PMC8228678 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.
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Fowler CF, Madularu D, Dehghani M, Devenyi GA, Near J. Longitudinal quantification of metabolites and macromolecules reveals age- and sex-related changes in the healthy Fischer 344 rat brain. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:109-122. [PMID: 33610061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with numerous biological changes, including altered brain metabolism and tissue chemistry. In vivo characterization of the neurochemical profile during aging is possible using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a powerful noninvasive technique capable of quantifying brain metabolites involved in physiological processes that become impaired with age. A prominent macromolecular signal underlies those of brain metabolites and is particularly visible at high fields; parameterization of this signal into components improves quantification and expands the number of biomarkers comprising the neurochemical profile. The present study reports, for the first time, the simultaneous absolute quantification of brain metabolites and individual macromolecules in aging male and female Fischer 344 rats, measured longitudinally using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. We identified age- and sex-related changes in neurochemistry, with prominent differences in metabolites implicated in anaerobic energy metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and neuroprotection, as well as numerous macromolecule changes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological processes associated with healthy aging, critical for the proper identification and management of pathologic aging trajectories. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect athttps://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F Fowler
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada.
| | - Dan Madularu
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Dehghani
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamie Near
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Chapman MA, Arif M, Emanuelsson EB, Reitzner SM, Lindholm ME, Mardinoglu A, Sundberg CJ. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Comparison between Long-Term Trained and Untrained Men and Women. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107808. [PMID: 32579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the health benefits of lifelong exercise in humans, we conduct global skeletal muscle transcriptomic analyses of long-term endurance- (9 men, 9 women) and strength-trained (7 men) humans compared with age-matched untrained controls (7 men, 8 women). Transcriptomic analysis, Gene Ontology, and genome-scale metabolic modeling demonstrate changes in pathways related to the prevention of metabolic diseases, particularly with endurance training. Our data also show prominent sex differences between controls and that these differences are reduced with endurance training. Additionally, we compare our data with studies examining muscle gene expression before and after a months-long training period in individuals with metabolic diseases. This analysis reveals that training shifts gene expression in individuals with impaired metabolism to become more similar to our endurance-trained group. Overall, our data provide an extensive examination of the accumulated transcriptional changes that occur with decades-long training and identify important "exercise-responsive" genes that could attenuate metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chapman
- Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maléne E Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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