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Ning W, Lv S, Wang Q, Xu Y. The pivotal role of microglia in injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1829-1848. [PMID: 38993136 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes, including vascular spasm, cellular apoptosis, blood-brain barrier damage, cerebral edema, and white matter injury. Microglia, which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system, maintain homeostasis in the neural environment, support neurons, mediate apoptosis, participate in immune regulation, and have neuroprotective effects. Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Moreover, microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury. This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking. This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, and cerebral white matter lesions. It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Currently, microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors, nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors, glycine/tyrosine kinases, NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors, Gasdermin D inhibitors, vincristine receptor α receptor agonists, ferroptosis inhibitors, genetic modification techniques, stem cell therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage. More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Jiang L, Sun X, Xie Y, Dan W, Xia Y, Xu R. Effect of APOE gene on cerebral oxygen saturation, cerebral electrical activity and prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135392. [PMID: 39245107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhage represents a severe neurological disorder with significant implications for patient health. Numerous factors play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of this condition. In recent years, research has highlighted the polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene as being closely associated with cerebrovascular diseases and the recovery of neurological functions. This study aims to explore the influence of APOE gene polymorphism on cerebral oxygen saturation, cerebral electrical activity, and the clinical prognosis of patients experiencing cerebral hemorrhage. The goal is to identify potential new biomarkers that could enhance the management and treatment of individuals who have suffered from this type of bleed in the brain.To investigate this relationship, the study analyzed the ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles of the APOE gene through gene sequencing techniques. Measurements of cerebral oxygen saturation and electrical brain activity were conducted using specialized equipment including brain oxygen monitors and electroencephalography (EEG) devices. Additionally, detailed clinical data were gathered, encompassing neurological function assessments and the duration of recovery for each patient.A comparative analysis was performed to assess the cerebral oxygen saturation levels, EEG characteristics, and overall prognosis associated with the different APOE genotypes. The findings indicated that patients carrying the APOE ε4 allele exhibited significantly impaired cerebral oxygen metabolism and diminished electrical activity in the initial stages of intracerebral hemorrhage. This impairment potentially results in a worse prognostic outlook when compared to individuals who are non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Furthermore, the relationship between the pulsatility index (PR) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) was found to be negatively correlated. Specifically, patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who exhibited elevated PR levels alongside reduced rScO2 demonstrated poorer clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wei Dan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yulong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Leng C, Lin K, Zhou M, Tao X, Sun B, Shu X, Liu W. Apolipoprotein E deficiency exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption and hyperglycemia-associated hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107987. [PMID: 39218418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene has been implicated in both the susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease and the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the influence of ApoE on the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke remains inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of ApoE deficiency on the risk of hyperglycemia-associated HT and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were injected with 50 % glucose to induce hyperglycemia and subsequently subjected to 90 min of intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The mortality, neurological function, HT incidence and HT grading-score were evaluated at 24 hours after reperfusion. To evaluate the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB), the immunoglobulin G (IgG) leakage and the protein expressions of tight junctions (TJs) were detected using immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. Finally, the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/9, microglial activation and proinflammatory mediators were investigated using immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. RESULTS ApoE-/- mice exhibited increased mortality and exacerbated neurological impairment, concomitant with more severe hyperglycemia-associated HT 24 hours post-reperfusion. Meanwhile, ApoE deficiency exacerbated the disruption of BBB, characterized by increased leakage of IgG, aggravated degradation of TJs and microvascular basement membranes. Furthermore, ApoE deficiency further aggravated the upregulation of MMP-2/9 and microglia-triggered neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the absence of ApoE exacerbates neurological impairment and hyperglycemia-associated HT in ischemic stroke mice, which is closely associated with MMP-2/9 signaling and neuroinflammation-mediated disruption of BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Leng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kuan Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiji Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorder, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhao L, Zou X, Deng J, Sun B, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhao H, Zhang X, Yuan X, Zhao X, Zou F. hnRNPH1 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by establishing NRF1/DRP1 retrograde signaling under mitochondrial stress. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01331-4. [PMID: 38898233 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is coordinated through communication between mitochondria and the nucleus. In response to stress, mitochondria generate retrograde signals to protect against their dysfunction by activating the expression of nuclear genes involved in metabolic reprogramming. However, the mediators associated with mitochondria-to-nucleus communication pathways remain to be clarified. Here, we identified that hnRNPH1 functions as a pivotal mediator of mitochondrial retrograde signaling to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. hnRNPH1 accumulates in the nucleus following mitochondrial stress in a 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Accordingly, hnRNPH1 interacts with the transcription factor NRF1 and binds to the DRP1 promoter, enhancing the transcription of DRP1. Furthermore, in the cytoplasm, hnRNPH1 directly interacts with DRP1 and enhances DRP1 Ser616 phosphorylation, thereby increasing DRP1 translocation to mitochondrial outer membranes and triggering mitochondrial fission. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel role for hnRNPH1 in the mitochondrial-nuclear communication pathway to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under stress and suggest that it may be a potential target for mitochondrial dysfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaotian Zou
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiaqiang Deng
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xieyong Yuan
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Fangdong Zou
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Indumathi MC, Swetha K, Abhilasha KV, Siddappa S, Kumar SM, Prasad GK, Chen CH, Marathe GK. Selenium Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Oxidative Stress via MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2598-2615. [PMID: 37702962 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol), a widely used non-prescriptive analgesic and antipyretic medication, is one of the main causes of drug-induced acute liver failure around the world. Oxidative stress contributes to this hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants are known to protect the liver from oxidative stress. Selenium, a potent antioxidant, is a commonly used micronutrient. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of selenium on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treating Wistar albino mice with sodium selenite (1 mg/kg) before or after inducing hepatotoxicity with acetaminophen (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of liver injury biomarkers such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. In addition, selenium-treated mice showed decreased levels of oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyls and myeloperoxidase. Acetaminophen treatment stimulated all three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Keap1 and decreased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 in liver and in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages, which was reversed by selenium treatment. Our findings suggest that the reactive oxygen species-mediated Nrf2 and MAPK pathways are critical players in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. These key findings offer an alternative therapeutic target for addressing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamatam Swetha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, 8J8C+98P, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shiva Siddappa
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, 8MV2+MPG, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantap A Layout, Bannimantap, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Shivamadhaiah Manjula Kumar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, 8J8C+98P, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Govinda Keerthi Prasad
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, 8J8C+98P, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, 8J8C+98P, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, 8J8C+JFP, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India.
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Panni P, Simionato F, Cao R, Pedicelli A, Marchese E, Caricato A, Alexandre A, Feletti A, Testa M, Zanatta P, Gitti N, Piva S, Mardighian D, Semeraro V, Nardin G, Lozupone E, Paiano G, Picetti E, Montanaro V, Petranca M, Bortolotti C, Scibilia A, Cirillo L, Aspide R, Lanterna AL, Ambrosi A, Mortini P, Azzolini ML, Calvi MR, Falini A. Hemorrhage Volume Drives Early Brain Injury and Outcome in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal SAH. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024; 45:393-399. [PMID: 38453415 PMCID: PMC11288567 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early brain injury is a major determinant of clinical outcome in poor-grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] IV-V) aneurysmal SAH and is radiologically defined by global cerebral edema. Little is known, though, about the effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on early brain injury development and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the multicentric prospective Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (POGASH) Registry of consecutive patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH admitted from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2022, was retrospectively evaluated. Poor grade was defined according to the worst-pretreatment WFNS grade. Global intracranial hemorrhage volume as well as the volumes of intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH were calculated by means of analytic software in a semiautomated setting. Outcomes included severe global cerebral edema (defined by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score grades 3-4), in-hospital mortality (mRS 6), and functional independence (mRS 0-2) at follow-up. RESULTS Among 400 patients (median global intracranial hemorrhage volume of 91 mL; interquartile range, 59-128), severe global cerebral edema was detected in 218/400 (54.5%) patients. One hundred twenty-three (30.8%) patients died during the acute phase of hospitalization. One hundred fifty-five (38.8%) patients achieved mRS 0-2 at a median of 13 (interquartile range, 3-26) months of follow-up. Multivariable analyses showed global intracranial hemorrhage volume as independently associated with severe global cerebral edema (adjusted OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.004-1.014; P < .001), mortality (adjusted OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01; P = .018) and worse clinical outcome (adjusted OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.98-0.996; P < .010). The effect of global intracranial hemorrhage volume on clinical-radiologic outcomes changed significantly according to different age groups (younger than 50, 50-70, older than 70 year of age). Volumes of intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH affected the 3 predefined outcomes differently. Intracerebral hemorrhage volume independently predicted global cerebral edema and long-term outcome, intraventricular hemorrhage volume predicted mortality and long-term outcome, and SAH volume predicted long-term clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Global intracranial hemorrhage volume plays a pivotal role in global cerebral edema development and emerged as an independent predictor of both mortality and long-term clinical outcome. Aging emerged as a reducing predictor in the relationship between global intracranial hemorrhage volume and global cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Panni
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.P., P.M.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Simionato
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Cao
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedicelli
- Institute of Radiological Sciences (A.P., A. Alexandre). Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchese
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.M.), Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Caricato
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A.C.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Alexandre
- Institute of Radiological Sciences (A.P., A. Alexandre). Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Feletti
- Institute of Neurosurgery (A. Feletti, M.T), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Testa
- Institute of Neurosurgery (A. Feletti, M.T), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Zanatta
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care A (P.Z.), Integrated University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Gitti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency (N.G., S.P.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Piva
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency (N.G., S.P.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dikran Mardighian
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.M.), Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Semeraro
- Department of Radiology (V.S.), SS Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Giordano Nardin
- Department of Critical Care (G.N.), SS Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy
| | - Emilio Lozupone
- Department of Neuroradiology (E.L.), Vito-Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giafranco Paiano
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care (G.P.), Vito-Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Edoardo Picetti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Vito Montanaro
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Petranca
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.P., V.M., M.P), Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Bortolotti
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.B., A.S.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Scibilia
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.B., A.S.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neuroradiology (L.C.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Aspide
- Department of Neurointensive Care (R.A.), IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences "Bellaria," Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Biostatistics, School of Medicine (A. Ambrosi), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.P., P.M.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Azzolini
- Deparment of Neurocritical Care (M.L.A., M.R.C.), San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Calvi
- Deparment of Neurocritical Care (M.L.A., M.R.C.), San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (P.P., F.S., R.C., A. Falini), Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Uchikawa H, Uekawa K, Hasegawa Y. Perivascular macrophages in cerebrovascular diseases. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114680. [PMID: 38185314 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are a major cause of stroke and dementia, both requiring long-term care. These diseases involve multiple pathophysiologies, with mitochondrial dysfunction being a crucial contributor to the initiation of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, resulting in injuries to neurovascular units that include neuronal cell death, endothelial cell death, glial activation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. To maintain brain homeostasis against these pathogenic conditions, brain immune cells, including border-associated macrophages and microglia, play significant roles as brain innate immunity cells in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular injury. Although microglia have long been recognized as significant contributors to neuroinflammation, attention has recently shifted to border-associated macrophages, such as perivascular macrophages (PVMs), which have been studied based on their crucial roles in the brain. These cells are strategically positioned around the walls of brain vessels, where they mainly perform critical functions, such as perivascular drainage, cerebrovascular flexibility, phagocytic activity, antigen presentation, activation of inflammatory responses, and preservation of blood-brain barrier integrity. Although PVMs act as scavenger and surveillant cells under normal conditions, these cells exert harmful effects under pathological conditions. PVMs detect mitochondrial dysfunction in injured cells and implement pathological changes to regulate brain homeostasis. Therefore, PVMs are promising as they play a significant role in mitochondrial dysfunction and, in turn, disrupt the homeostatic condition. Herein, we summarize the significant roles of PVMs in cerebrovascular diseases, especially ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and dementia, mainly in correlation with inflammation. A better understanding of the biology and pathobiology of PVMs may lead to new insights on and therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Sultan T, Khatlani T, Alshehri AA, Lobo GP, Kalantan H, Al-Obeidan SA, Al-Muammar AM. Association between Polymorphism rs61876744 in PNPLA2 Gene and Keratoconus in a Saudi Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2108. [PMID: 38136930 PMCID: PMC10742661 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic etiology of Keratoconus (KC) in Middle Eastern Arabs of Saudi origin is still unclear. A recent genome-wide study identified two significant loci in the region of PNPLA2 (rs61876744) and CSNK1E (rs138380) for KC that may be associated with KC in the Saudi population. In addition, polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, namely, rs429358 and rs7412, responsible for APOE allelic variants ε2, ε3, and ε4, may influence KC via oxidative stress mechanism(s). Thus, we investigated the possible association of polymorphisms rs61876744, rs138380, rs429358, rs7412, and APOE genotypes in KC patients of the Saudi population. This study included 98 KC cases and 167 controls. Polymorphisms rs6187644 and rs138380 were genotyped using TaqMan assays, and rs429358 and rs7412 were genotyped via Sanger sequencing. Although the allele frequency of rs61876744(T) in PNPLA2 was a protective effect against KC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44-0.93), the p-value (p = 0.020) was not significant for multiple testing correction (p = 0.05/4 = 0.015). However, rs6187644 genotype showed a modestly significant protective effect in the dominant model (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.88, p = 0.013). Polymorphisms rs138380, rs429358, and rs7412 showed no significant allelic or genotype association with KC. However, the ε2-carriers (ε2/ε2 and ε2/ε3 genotypes) exhibited a greater than 5-fold increased risk of KC, albeit non-significantly (p = 0.055). Regression analysis showed no significant effect of age, gender, and the four polymorphisms on KC. Our results suggest that polymorphism rs6187644 in PNPLA2 might be associated with KC in the Middle Eastern Arabs of Saudi origin but warrant a large-scale association analysis at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A. Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alshehri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA;
| | - Hatem Kalantan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Al-Muammar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (T.S.); (H.K.); (S.A.A.-O.); (A.M.A.-M.)
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Pu Y, Cheng CK, Zhang H, Luo JY, Wang L, Tomlinson B, Huang Y. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists in cardiovascular health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2086-2114. [PMID: 37119045 DOI: 10.1002/med.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Aydin P, Aksakalli-Magden ZB, Civelek MS, Karabulut-Uzuncakmak S, Mokhtare B, Ozkaraca M, Alper F, Halici Z. The melatonin agonist ramelteon attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by suppressing the NLRP3/TGF-Β1/HMGB1 signaling pathway. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:322-331. [PMID: 37716182 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The possible effects of ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis were analyzed via transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) which are related to the fibrosis process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bleomycin (0.1 mL of 5 mg/kg) was administered by intratracheal instillation to induce pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Starting 24 h after bleomycin administration, a single dose of ramelteon was administered by oral gavage to the healthy groups, i.e. PF + RM2 (pulmonary fibrosis model with bleomycin + ramelteon at 2 mg/kg) and PF + RM4 (pulmonary fibrosis model with bleomycin + ramelteon at 4 mg/kg) at 2 and 4 mg/kg doses, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) analyses, histopathological, and immunohistochemical staining were performed on lung tissues. Lung tomography images of the rats were also examined. RESULTS The levels of TGF-β1, HMGB1, NLRP3, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA expressions increased as a result of PF and subsequently decreased with both ramelteon doses (p < 0.0001). Both doses of ramelteon partially ameliorated the reduction in the peribronchovascular thickening, ground-glass appearances, and reticulations, and the loss of lung volume. CONCLUSIONS The severity of fibrosis decreased with ramelteon application. These effects of ramelteon may be associated with NLRP3 inflammation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | - Maide S Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Behzad Mokhtare
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhurıyet University, Sıvas, Turkey
| | - Fatih Alper
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Zhu A, Yao F, Shen M. Oxycodone alleviates mifepristone-stimulated human endometrial stromal cell injury by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1008. [PMID: 37773689 PMCID: PMC10510466 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial injury is a common disease in women caused by intrauterine inflammation, infections, and endocrine disorders. Human endometrial stromal cells (hEndoSCs) can maintain endometrial homeostasis and play an important role in repairing endometrial injury. Mifepristone, a steroidal anti-progesterone drug, is widely used in the field of reproductive medicine worldwide. Mifepristone-induced hEndoSC injury has been used to study endometrial injury in vitro. At present, the pathogenesis and potential regulatory mechanisms of oxycodone in endometrial injury remain unknown. AIMS We aimed to evaluate the functions of oxycodone in mifepristone-stimulated hEndoSC injury and analyze its potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS & METHODS hEndoSC viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis were analyzed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, the lactate dehydrogenase assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of cleaved-Caspase3, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and the release of inflammatory cytokines was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We observed that oxycodone had no adverse effects on hEndoSCs; rather, it protected hEndoSCs against mifepristone-induced endometrial damage, as confirmed by the enhanced cell viability, reduced number of apoptotic cells, decreased Caspase3 activity and inflammatory cytokine secretion, and increased Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related protein expression. In addition, we found that the protective effects of oxycodone on mifepristone-induced hEndoSC injury were inhibited by ML385 (a Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 inhibitor). CONCLUSION In summary, we confirmed that oxycodone alleviates mifepristone-induced hEndoSC injury by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibing Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWuxi Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalWuxiChina
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of AnesthesiologyWuxi Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalWuxiChina
| | - Mingkun Shen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWuxi Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalWuxiChina
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12
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Satta S, Beal R, Smith R, Luo X, Ferris GR, Langford-Smith A, Teasdale J, Ajime TT, Serré J, Hazell G, Newby GS, Johnson JL, Kurinna S, Humphries MJ, Gayan-Ramirez G, Libby P, Degens H, Yu B, Johnson T, Alexander Y, Jia H, Newby AC, White SJ. A Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis mediates cigarette smoke-induced endothelial detachment: implications for plaque erosion. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1869-1882. [PMID: 36804807 PMCID: PMC10405570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial erosion of plaques is responsible for ∼30% of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Smoking is a risk factor for plaque erosion, which most frequently occurs on the upstream surface of plaques where the endothelium experiences elevated shear stress. We sought to recreate these conditions in vitro to identify potential pathological mechanisms that might be of relevance to plaque erosion. METHODS AND RESULTS Culturing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) under elevated flow (shear stress of 7.5 Pa) and chronically exposing them to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) recapitulated a defect in HCAEC adhesion, which corresponded with augmented Nrf2-regulated gene expression. Pharmacological activation or adenoviral overexpression of Nrf2 triggered endothelial detachment, identifying Nrf2 as a mediator of endothelial detachment. Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) expression was elevated in this model, with protein expression elevated in the plasma of patients experiencing plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. The expression of two Nrf2-regulated genes, OSGIN1 and OSGIN2, was increased by CSE and TNFα under elevated flow and was also elevated in the aortas of mice exposed to cigarette smoke in vivo. Knockdown of OSGIN1&2 inhibited Nrf2-induced cell detachment. Overexpression of OSGIN1&2 induced endothelial detachment and resulted in cell cycle arrest, induction of senescence, loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibres, and disturbed proteostasis mediated in part by HSP70, restoration of which reduced HCAEC detachment. In ACS patients who smoked, blood concentrations of HSP70 were elevated in plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. CONCLUSION We identified a novel Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis that regulates endothelial adhesion, elevated GDF15 and HSP70 as biomarkers for plaque erosion in patients who smoke, and two therapeutic targets that offer the potential for reducing the risk of plaque erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Satta
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Beal
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Rhys Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Glenn R Ferris
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jack Teasdale
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Tanjeko Ajime
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela Sala Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Li C, Lu P, Zhang L, He Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhang F, Kong X, Tao Q, Zhou J, Wu J, Peng T, Xie B, Jiang Y, Peng J. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism Impacts White Matter Injury Through Microglial Phagocytosis After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2023; 524:220-232. [PMID: 37290684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE, protein; APOE, gene), divided into three alleles of E2, E3 and E4 in humans, is associated with the progression of white matter lesion load. However, mechanism evidence has not been reported regarding the APOE genotype in early white matter injury (WMI) under subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of APOE gene polymorphisms, by constructing microglial APOE3 and APOE4-specific overexpression, on WMI and underlying mechanisms of microglia phagocytosis in a mice model of SAH. A total of 167 male C57BL/6J mice (weight 22-26 g) were used. SAH and bleeding environment were induced by endovascular perforation in vivo and oxyHb in vitro, respectively. Multi-technology approaches, including immunohistochemistry, high throughput sequencing, gene editing for adeno-associated viruses, and several molecular biotechnologies were used to validate the effects of APOE polymorphisms on microglial phagocytosis and WMI after SAH. Our results revealed that APOE4 significantly aggravated the WMI and decreased neurobehavioral function by impairing microglial phagocytosis after SAH. Indicators negatively associated with microglial phagocytosis increased like CD16, CD86 and the ratio of CD16/CD206, while the indicators positively associated with microglial phagocytosis decreased like Arg-1 and CD206. The increased ROS and aggravating mitochondrial damage demonstrated that the damaging effects of APOE4 in SAH may be associated with microglial oxidative stress-dependent mitochondrial damage. Inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress by Mitoquinone (mitoQ) can enhance the phagocytic function of microglia. In conclusion, anti-oxidative stress and phagocytosis protection may serve as promising treatments in the management of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yijing He
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xi Kong
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianke Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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14
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Uchikawa H, Kameno K, Kai K, Kajiwara S, Fujimori K, Uekawa K, Fujiwara Y, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Hasegawa Y. Pretreatment with Clodronate Improved Neurological Function by Preventing Reduction of Posthemorrhagic Cerebral Blood Flow in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:207-217. [PMID: 37308726 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are potential treatment targets for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and previous studies revealed that their depletion by clodronate (CLD) improved outcomes after experimental SAH. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether reducing PVMs by CLD pretreatment improves SAH prognosis by inhibiting posthemorrhagic impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS In total, 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of the vehicle (liposomes) or CLD. Subsequently, the rats were categorized into the prechiasmatic saline injection (sham) and blood injection (SAH) groups after 72 h. We assessed its effects on weak and severe SAH, which were induced by 200- and 300-µL arterial blood injections, respectively. In addition, neurological function at 72 h and CBF changes from before the intervention to 5 min after were assessed in rats after sham/SAH induction as the primary and secondary end points, respectively. RESULTS CLD significantly reduced PVMs before SAH induction. Although pretreatment with CLD in the weak SAH group provided no additive effects on the primary end point, rats in the severe SAH group showed significant improvement in the rotarod test. In the severe SAH group, CLD inhibited acute reduction of CBF and tended to decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Furthermore, CLD reduced the number of PVMs in rats subjected to sham and SAH surgery, although no effects were observed in oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that pretreatment with CLD-targeting PVMs can improve the prognosis of severe SAH through a candidate mechanism of inhibition of posthemorrhagic CBF reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Kameno
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sosho Kajiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kana Fujimori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
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15
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Lauzier DC, Jayaraman K, Yuan JY, Diwan D, Vellimana AK, Osbun J, Chatterjee AR, Athiraman U, Dhar R, Zipfel GJ. Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence and Mechanisms. Stroke 2023; 54:1426-1440. [PMID: 36866673 PMCID: PMC10243167 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating condition causing significant morbidity and mortality. While outcomes from subarachnoid hemorrhage have improved in recent years, there continues to be significant interest in identifying therapeutic targets for this disease. In particular, there has been a shift in emphasis toward secondary brain injury that develops in the first 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. This time period of interest is referred to as the early brain injury period and comprises processes including microcirculatory dysfunction, blood-brain-barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, oxidative cascades, and neuronal death. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms defining the early brain injury period have been accompanied by improved imaging and nonimaging biomarkers for identifying early brain injury, leading to the recognition of an elevated clinical incidence of early brain injury compared with prior estimates. With the frequency, impact, and mechanisms of early brain injury better defined, there is a need to review the literature in this area to guide preclinical and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Lauzier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Keshav Jayaraman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jane Y. Yuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ananth K. Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joshua Osbun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Arindam R. Chatterjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Rajat Dhar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Gregory J. Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
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16
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Tan WL, Subha ST, Mohtarrudin N, Cheah YK. An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5395-5405. [PMID: 37074612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly developed. Further insights into cancer metabolomics and gene-regulated mechanisms of mitochondria in CSCs can expedite the development of novel anticancer drugs. In cancer cells, the metabolism is reprogrammed from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. This alteration allows the cancer cell to receive continuous energy supplies and avoid apoptosis. The pyruvate obtained from glycolysis produces acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) via oxidative decarboxylation and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adenosine triphosphate generation. Mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) uptake is responsible for mitochondrial physiology regulation, and reduced uptake of Ca2+ inhibits apoptosis and enhances cell survival in cancer. There have been many discoveries of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) stimulating the metabolic alterations in mitochondria via gene regulation which promote cancer cell survival. These miRNAs are also found in CSCs where they regulate genes and activate different mechanisms to destroy the mitochondria and enhance CSCs survival. By targeting the miRNAs that induced mitochondrial destruction, the mitochondrial functions can be restored; thus, it triggers CSCs apoptosis and completely eliminates the CSCs. In general, this review article aims to address the associations between miRNAs with mitochondrial activities in cancer cells and cancer stem cells that support cancer cell survival and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Lin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sethu Thakachy Subha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Elfadadny A, Ragab RF, Hamada R, Al Jaouni SK, Fu J, Mousa SA, El-Far AH. Natural bioactive compounds-doxorubicin combinations targeting topoisomerase II-alpha: Anticancer efficacy and safety. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116405. [PMID: 36716865 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so pursuing effective and safe therapeutics for cancer is a key research objective nowadays. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agents that has been used to treat cancer with its antimitotic properties via inhibition of topoisomerase II (TOP2) activity. However, many problems hinder the broad use of DOX in clinical practice, including cardiotoxicity and drug resistance. Research in drug discovery has confirmed that natural bioactive compounds (NBACs) display a wide range of biological activities correlating to anticancer outcomes. The combination of NBACs has been seen to be an ideal candidate that might increase the effectiveness of DOX therapy and decreases its unfavorable adverse consequences. The current review discusses the chemo-modulatory mechanism and the protective effects of combined DOX with NBACs with a binding affinity (pKi) toward TOP2A more than pKi of DOX. This review will also discuss and emphasize the molecular mechanisms to provide a pathway for further studies to reveal other signaling pathways. Taken together, understanding the fundamental mechanisms and implications of combined therapy may provide a practical approach to battling cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rokaia F Ragab
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
| | - Rania Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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18
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Zhou J, Guo P, Duan M, Li J, Ru X, Li L, Guo Z, Zhang JH, Feng H, Chen Y, Sun X. EphA4/EphrinB2 signaling mediates pericyte-induced transient glia limitans formation as a secondary protective barrier after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114293. [PMID: 36493862 PMCID: PMC10561606 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) do not exhibit brain parenchymal injury upon imaging but present significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and secondary neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stressed astrocytes act as a secondary barrier to exert a protective effect after SAH and to investigate the mechanism of glial limitan formation. METHODS A total of 204 adult male C57BL/6 mice and an endovascular perforation SAH model were employed. The spatiotemporal characteristics of glial limitan formation after SAH were determined by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. The molecular mechanisms by which pericytes regulate glia limitans formation were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA in a pericyte-astrocyte contact coculture system. The findings were validated ex vivo and in vivo using lentiviruses and inhibitors. Finally, pericytes were targeted to regulate glial limitan formation, and the effect of the glia limitans on secondary brain injury after SAH was evaluated by flow cytometry and analysis of neurological function. RESULTS Stress-induced glial limitan formation occurred 1 day after SAH and markedly subsided 3 days after ictus. Pericytes regulated astrocyte glia limitan formation via EphA4/EphrinB2 signaling, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and altered neurological function. CONCLUSIONS Astrocyte-derived glia limitans serve as a secondary protective barrier following BBB disruption after SAH in mice, and pericytes can regulate glial limitan formation and alter neurological function via EphA4/EphrinB2 signaling. Strategies for maintaining this secondary protective barrier may be novel treatment approaches for alleviating early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingxu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junhan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Yamada H, Kase Y, Okano Y, Kim D, Goto M, Takahashi S, Okano H, Toda M. Subarachnoid hemorrhage triggers neuroinflammation of the entire cerebral cortex, leading to neuronal cell death. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:61. [PMID: 36514181 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a fatal disease, with early brain injury (EBI) occurring within 72 h of SAH injury contributes to its poor prognosis. EBI is a complicated phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms. Although neuroinflammation has been shown to be important prognosis factor of EBI, whether neuroinflammation spreads throughout the cerebrum and the extent of its depth in the cerebral cortex remain unknown. Knowing how inflammation spreads throughout the cerebrum is also important to determine if anti-inflammatory agents are a future therapeutic strategy for EBI. METHODS In this study, we induced SAH in mice by injecting hematoma into prechiasmatic cistern and created models of mild to severe SAH. In sections of the mouse cerebrum, we investigated neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in the cortex distal to the hematoma injection site, from anterior to posterior region 24 h after SAH injury. RESULTS Neuroinflammation caused by SAH spread to all layers of the cerebral cortex from the anterior to the posterior part of the cerebrum via the invasion of activated microglia, and neuronal cell death increased in correlation with neuroinflammation. This trend increased with the severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation caused by SAH had spread throughout the cerebrum, causing neuronal cell death. Considering that the cerebral cortex is responsible for long-term memory and movement, suppressing neuroinflammation in all layers of the cerebral cortex may improve the prognosis of patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Maraku Goto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Tang S, Wang Y, Gu N, Sun X, Li L. TREM2 activation alleviates neural damage via Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:289. [PMID: 36463233 PMCID: PMC9719652 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the most important processes in secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been proven to exert neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke by modulating neuroinflammation, and promoting phagocytosis and cell survival. However, the role of TREM2 in TBI has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we are the first to use COG1410, an agonist of TREM2, to assess the effects of TREM2 activation in a murine TBI model. METHODS Adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and adult male TREM2 KO mice were subjected to different treatments. TBI was established by the controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. COG1410 was delivered 1 h after CCI via tail vein injection. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), neurological behaviour tests, brain electrophysiological monitoring, Evans blue assays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain water content measurement were performed in this study. RESULTS The expression of endogenous TREM2 peaked at 3 d after CCI, and it was mainly expressed on microglia and neurons. We found that COG1410 improved neurological functions within 3 d, as well as neurological functions and brain electrophysiological activity at 2 weeks after CCI. COG1410 exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation, and suppressing neuroinflammation after CCI. In addition, COG1410 treatment alleviated blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain oedema; furthermore, COG1410 promoted cerebral blood flow (CBF) recovery at traumatic injury sites after CCI. In addition, COG1410 suppressed neural apoptosis at 3 d after CCI. TREM2 activation upregulated p-Akt, p-CREB, BDNF, and Bcl-2 and suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 at 3 d after CCI. Moreover, TREM2 knockout abolished the effects of COG1410 on vascular phenotypes and microglial states. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were suppressed by TREM2 depletion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that TREM2 activation by COG1410 alleviated neural damage through activation of Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling axis in microglia after CCI. Finally, COG1410 treatment improved neurological behaviour and brain electrophysiological activity after CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Yang B, Sun X, Shi Q, Dan W, Zhan Y, Zheng D, Xia Y, Xie Y, Jiang L. Prediction of early prognosis after traumatic brain injury by multifactor model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2044-2052. [PMID: 36017774 PMCID: PMC9627380 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To design a model to predict the early prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on parameters that can be quickly obtained in emergency conditions from medical history, physical examination, and supplementary examinations. METHODS The medical records of TBI patients who were hospitalized in two medical institutions between June 2015 and June 2021 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into the training set, validation set, and testing set. The possible predictive indicators were screened after analyzing the data of patients in the training set. Then prediction models were found based on the possible predictive indicators in the training set. Data of patients in the validation set and the testing set was provided to validate the predictive values of the models. RESULTS Age, Glasgow coma scale score, Apolipoprotein E genotype, damage area, serum C-reactive protein, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, and Marshall computed tomography score were found associated with early prognosis of TBI patients. The accuracy of the early prognosis prediction model (EPPM) was 80%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the EPPM were 78.8% and 80.8% in the training set. The accuracy of the EPPM was 79%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the EPPM were 66.7% and 86.2% in the validation set. The accuracy of the early EPPM was 69.1%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the EPPM were 67.9% and 77.8% in the testing set. CONCLUSION Prediction models integrating general information, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary examination results may provide a reliable and rapid method to evaluate and predict the early prognosis of TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quanhong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Dan
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dinghao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yulong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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22
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Li X, Li Y, Lv S, Xu H, Ma R, Sun Z, Li Y, Guo C. Long-term respiratory exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles promoted systemic inflammation and progression of fibrosis in a susceptible mouse model. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134633. [PMID: 35439488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has increased dramatically, and concerns are growing about their potential health effects. However, their long-term systemic toxicity profile and underlying mechanisms following respiratory exposure still remains unexplored. It is well documented that the inhalation of ultrafine particles is firmly associated with adverse effects in humans. Environmental pollutants may contribute to diverse adverse effect or comorbidity in susceptible individuals. Thereby, we examined the long-term systemic effects of inhaled SiNPs using a sensitive mouse model (ApoE-/-) fed by a western diet. Male ApoE-/- mice were intratracheally instilled with SiNPs suspension at a dose of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg·bw, respectively, once per week, 12 times in total. The histological analysis was conducted. The serum cytokine levels were quantified by RayBiotech antibody array. As a result, systemic histopathological alterations were noticed, mainly characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. More importantly, cytokine array analysis indicated the key role of mast cells accumulation in systemic inflammation and fibrosis progression induced by inhaled SiNPs. Collectively, our study firstly demonstrated that long-term exposure to inhaled SiNPs promoted the mast cell-dominated activation of inflammatory response, not only in the lung but also in heart, liver and kidney, etc., eventually leading to the progression of tissue fibrosis in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Abbas NA, Hassan HA. The protective and therapeutic effects of 5-androstene3β, 17β-diol (ADIOL) in abdominal post-operative adhesions in rat: Suppressing TLR4/NFκB/HMGB1/TGF1 β/α SMA pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fu Z, Wu X, Zheng F, Zhang Y. Activation of the AMPK-ULK1 pathway mediated protective autophagy by sevoflurane anesthesia restrains LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Moslehi M, Moazamiyanfar R, Dakkali MS, Rezaei S, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Jafarzadeh E, Mouludi K, Khodamoradi E, Taeb S, Najafi M. Modulation of the immune system by melatonin; implications for cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108890. [PMID: 35623297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune system interactions within the tumour have a key role in the resistance or sensitization of cancer cells to anti-cancer agents. On the other hand, activation of the immune system in normal tissues following chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with acute and late effects such as inflammation and fibrosis. Some immune responses can reduce the efficiency of anti-cancer therapy and also promote normal tissue toxicity. Modulation of immune responses can boost the efficiency of anti-tumour therapy and alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Melatonin is a natural body agent that has shown promising results for modulating tumour response to therapy and also alleviating normal tissue toxicity. This review tries to focus on the immunomodulatory actions of melatonin in both tumour and normal tissues. We will explain how anti-cancer drugs may cause toxicity for normal tissues and how tumours can adapt themselves to ionizing radiation and anti-cancer drugs. Then, cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunoregulatory effects of melatonin alone or combined with other anti-cancer agents will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Moazamiyanfar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Bldg. Rm 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kave Mouludi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Xing CJ, Liu X, Li YH, Jia J, Feng JG, Yang CJ, Chen Y, Zhou J. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) Knockdown Protects against Sepsis-Induced Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8645714. [PMID: 35571246 PMCID: PMC9098358 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8645714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates in patients with sepsis. Increased cytokine production and neuronal apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of the SAE. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in sepsis-induced brain injury. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an inhibitor of thioredoxin, is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether the TXNIP is involved in the sepsis-induced brain injury and the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of TXNIP knockdown on sepsis-induced brain injury and cognitive decline in mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally to induce sepsis brain injury in mice. The virus-carrying control or TXNIP shRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain 4 weeks before the LPS treatment. The histological changes in the hippocampal tissues, encephaledema, and cognitive function were detected, respectively. Also, the 7-day survival rate was recorded. Furthermore, the alterations in microglial activity, oxidative response, proinflammatory factors, apoptosis, protein levels (TXNIP and NLRP3 inflammasome), and apoptosis were examined in the hippocampal tissues. The results demonstrated that the TXNIP and NLRP3 inflammasome expression levels were increased at 6, 12, and 24 h post-LPS injection. TXNIP knockdown dramatically ameliorated the 7-day survival rate, cognitive decline, brain damage, neuronal apoptosis, and the brain water content, inhibited the activation of microglia, downregulated the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway, and reduced the oxidative stress and the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels at 24 h post-LPS injection. These results suggested a crucial effect of TXNIP knockdown on the mechanism of brain injury and cognitive decline in sepsis mice via suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Thus, TXNIP might be a potential therapeutic target for SAE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wang Y, Xu J, You W, Shen H, Li X, Yu Z, Li H, Chen G. Roles of Rufy3 in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via accelerating neuronal axon repair and synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2022; 15:35. [PMID: 35461284 PMCID: PMC9034509 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RUN and FYVE domain-containing 3 (Rufy3) is a well-known adapter protein of a small GTPase protein family and is bound to the activated Ras family protein to maintain neuronal polarity. However, in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the role of Rufy3 has not been investigated. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Rufy3 in an in vivo model of SAH-induced early brain injury (EBI). In addition, we investigated the relevant brain-protective mechanisms. Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) stimulation of cultured primary neurons simulated vitro SAH condition. The SAH rat model was induced by infusing autologous blood into the optic chiasma pool and treating the rats with lentivirus-negative control 1 (LV-NC1), lentivirus-Rufy3 shRNA (LV-shRNA), lentivirus-negative control 2 (LV-NC2), lentivirus-Rufy3 (LV-Rufy3), or 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8p-CPT) (Rap1 agonist). In experiment one, we found that the protein level of Rufy3 decreased and neuronal axon injury in the injured neurons but was rectified by LV-Rufy3 treatment. In experiment two, mRNA and protein levels of Rufy3 were downregulated in brain tissue and reached the lowest level at 24 h after SAH. In addition, the expression of Myelin Basic Protein was downregulated and that of anti-hypophosphorylated neurofilament H (N52) was upregulated after SAH. In experiments three and four, Rufy3 overexpression (LV-Rufy3) increased the interactions between Rufy3 and Rap1, the level of Rap1-GTP, and the ratio of Rap1-GTP/total GTP. In addition, LV-Rufy3 treatment inhibited axon injury and accelerated axon repair by activating the Rap1/Arap3/Rho/Fascin signaling pathway accompanied by upregulated protein expression levels of ARAP3, Rho, Fascin, and Facin. LV-Rufy3 also enhanced synaptic plasticity by activating the Rap1/MEK/ERK/synapsin I signaling pathway accompanied by upregulated protein expression levels of ERK1, p-ERK1, MEK1, p-MEK1, synaspin I, and p-synaspin I. Moreover, LV-Rufy3 also alleviated brain damage indicators, including cortical neuronal cell apoptosis and degeneration, brain edema, and cognitive impairment after SAH. However, the downregulation of Rufy3 had the opposite effect and aggravated EBI induced by SAH. Notably, the combined application of LV-Rufy3 and 8p-CPT showed a significant synergistic effect on the aforementioned parameters. Our findings suggest that enhanced Rufy3 expression may reduce EBI by inhibiting axon injury and promoting neuronal axon repair and synaptic plasticity after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yang Y, Han C, Sheng Y, Wang J, Li W, Zhou X, Ruan S. Antrodia camphorata polysaccharide improves inflammatory response in liver injury via the ROS/TLR4/NF-κB signal. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2706-2716. [PMID: 35352469 PMCID: PMC9077287 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia Camphorata Polysaccharide (ACP) refers to a kind of polysaccharide extracted from the natural porous fungus Antrodia camphorata. This study investigated the mechanism of action of ACP in protecting the liver. The results showed that ACP suppressed the LPS‐induced KC cell activation, reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, increased the SOD level and suppressed ROS expression. In addition, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) was adopted for pre‐treatment to suppress ROS. The results indicated that NAC synergistically exerted its effect with ACP, suggesting that ACP played its role through suppressing ROS. Further detection revealed that ACP activated the Nrf2 signal. It was discovered in the mouse model that, ACP effectively improved liver injury in mice, decreased ALT and AST levels, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors. This study suggests that ACP can exert its effect against oxidative stress via the Nrf2‐ARE signalling, which further improves the production of ROS and the activation of TLR4‐NF‐κB signalling, and protects the liver against liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuiliang Ruan
- Department of Digestive, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Mateus I, Prip-Buus C. Hydrogen sulphide in liver glucose/lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13680. [PMID: 34519030 PMCID: PMC9285505 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a long time, hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) was considered only as a toxic gas, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration at the level of cytochrome c oxidase, and an environmental pollutant. Nowadays, H2 S is recognized as the third mammalian gasotransmitter, playing an important role in inflammation, septic shock, ischaemia reperfusion events, cardiovascular disease and more recently in liver physiology and chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This narrative review is based on literature search using PubMed. RESULTS From a bioenergetic perspective, H2 S is a very unique molecule, serving as a mitochondrial poison at high concentrations or as an inorganic mitochondrial substrate at low concentrations. By using transgenic animal models to specifically modulate liver H2 S biosynthesis or exogenous compounds that release H2 S, several studies demonstrated that H2 S is a key player in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Liver H2 S content and biosynthesis were also altered in NAFLD animal models with the in vivo administration of H2 S-releasing molecules preventing the further escalation into non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis. Liver steady-state levels of H2 S, and hence its cell signalling properties, are controlled by a tight balance between its biosynthesis, mainly through the transsulphuration pathway, and its mitochondrial oxidation via the sulphide oxidizing unit. However, studies investigating mitochondrial H2 S oxidation in liver dysfunction still remain scarce. CONCLUSIONS Since H2 S emerges as a key regulator of liver metabolism and metabolic flexibility, further understanding the physiological relevance of mitochondrial H2 S oxidation in liver energy homeostasis and its potential implication in chronic liver diseases are of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mateus
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Cheng D, Liu P, Wang Z. Palmatine attenuates the doxorubicin-induced inflammatory response, oxidative damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108583. [PMID: 35151220 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, palmatine (PLT) has been proven to play a protective role against a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, little research on the effects of PLT on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity has been carried out. Thus, we investigated the potential functions of PLT in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In the present study, a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) in mice was used to establish an acute cardiotoxicity model. Our study shows that PLT administration could reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac dysfunction in DOX-treated mice. Further experiments showed that PLT administration suppressed the DOX-induced inflammatory response, oxidative damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice. Moreover, we found that the protective effect of PLT treatment was counteracted by sirtuin1 (Sirt1) knockdown. In summary, our study shows that PLT treatment can exert a protective effect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430000, China.
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Ruan Y, Fang X, Guo T, Liu Y, Hu Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Gao L, Li Y, Pi J, Xu Y. Metabolic reprogramming in the arsenic carcinogenesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113098. [PMID: 34952379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with a variety of cancers with the mechanisms undefined. Arsenic exposure causes alterations in metabolites in bio-samples. Recent research progress on cancer biology suggests that metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumorigenesis. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming provides a new clue for the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis. In the present manuscript, we review the latest findings in reprogramming of glucose, lipids, and amino acids in response to arsenic exposure. Most studies focused on glucose reprogramming and found that arsenic exposure enhanced glycolysis. However, in vivo studies observed "reverse Warburg effect" in some cases due to the complexity of the disease evolution and microenvironment. Arsenic exposure has been reported to disturb lipid deposition by inhibiting lipolysis, and induce serine-glycine one-carbon pathway. As a dominant mechanism for arsenic toxicity, oxidative stress is considered to link with metabolism reprogramming. Few studies analyzed the causal relationship between metabolic reprogramming and arsenic-induced cancers. Metabolic alterations may vary with exposure doses and periods. Identifying metabolic alterations common among humans and experiment models with human-relevant exposure characteristics may guide future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Ruan
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Tingyue Guo
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Xuening Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Lanyue Gao
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, P.R. China; Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, P.R. China.
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Liu H, Zang C, Yuan F, Ju C, Shang M, Ning J, Yang Y, Ma J, Li G, Bao X, Zhang D. The role of FUNDC1 in mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and human diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114891. [PMID: 34968482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the principal sites of energy metabolism and provide most of the energy needed for normal cellular function. They are dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission, fusion and mitophagy to maintain their homeostasis and function. However, dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy leads to reduced ATP generation and mutation of their DNA, which ultimately leads to cell death. Increasing evidence has shown that the FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1), a novel mitophagy receptor, participates in the process of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and plays a critical role in various human diseases. Herein, we review the role of FUNDC1 in mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, thus providing a better understanding of the relationship between the two processes. Moreover, we summarize the treatments targeting FUNDC1, and suggest that FUNDC1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of several human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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Luo G, Chen J, Ren Z. Regulation of Methylase METTL3 on Fat Deposition. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4843-4852. [PMID: 34984016 PMCID: PMC8709552 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s344472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent and abundant type of internal post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. METTL3 is a methylation modifying enzyme, which can directly or indirectly affect biological processes, such as RNA degradation, translation and splicing. In addition, it was found that 67% of 3'-UTR regions containing m6A sites had at least one miRNA binding site, and the number of m6A at 3'-UTR sites was closely related to the binding sites of miRNA. With the improvement of human living standards, obesity has become a very serious and urgent problem. The essence of obesity is the accumulation of excess fat. Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of adipocyte from the perspective of fat deposition has always been a hotspot in the field of adipocyte research. The aim of the present review is to focus on METTL3 regulating fat deposition through mRNA/adipocyte differentiation axis and pri-miRNA/pre-miRNA/target genes/adipocyte differentiation and to provide a theoretical basis according to the currently available literature for further exploring this association. This review may provide new insights for obesity, fat deposition disease and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Y, Ma N, Liu X, Yi J, Cai S. Preventive effects of Chinese sumac fruits against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Rodrigues AC, de M. Camargo LT, Francisco Lopes Y, Sallum LO, Napolitano HB, Camargo AJ. Aqueous solvation study of melatonin using ab initio molecular dynamics. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Zhang Y, Yuan D, Li Y, Yang F, Hou L, Yu Y, Sun C, Duan G, Meng C, Yan H, Li D, Gao Y, Sun T, Zhu C. Paraquat promotes acute lung injury in rats by regulating alveolar macrophage polarization through glycolysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112571. [PMID: 34352584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates whether paraquat (PQ) regulates polarization of alveolar macrophages through glycolysis and promotes the occurrence of acute lung injury in rats. In vivo, the PQ intraperitoneal injection was used to construct a model of acute lung injury in rats. In vitro, the study measured the effect of different concentrations of PQ on the viability of the alveolar macrophages, and explored the polarization and glycolysis metabolism of alveolar macrophages at different time points after PQ intervention. Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the lung pathological damage in rats increased gradually after PQ poisoning, reaching a significant degree at 48 h after poisoning. The PQ-poisoned rat serum showed increased expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and M1 macrophage marker, iNOS, while the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and M2 macrophage marker, Arg1, decreased. The toxic effect of PQ on alveolar macrophages was dose- and time-dependent. Compared with the NC group, IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant gradually increased after PQ intervention, while the IL-10 content gradually decreased. The PQ intervention in alveolar macrophages increased the expression of intracellular glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), lactate, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and the polarization of alveolar macrophage towards M1. Inhibition of cellular glycolysis significantly reduced the PQ-induced alveolar macrophage polarization to M1 type. Thus, PQ induced increased polarization of lung macrophages toward M1 and decreased polarization toward M2, promoting acute lung injury. Therefore, it can be concluded that PQ regulates the polarization of alveolar macrophages through glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanwu Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guoyu Duan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Changju Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Wu X, Zeng H, Xu C, Chen H, Fan L, Zhou H, Yu Q, Fu X, Peng Y, Yan F, Yu X, Chen G. TREM1 Regulates Neuroinflammatory Injury by Modulate Proinflammatory Subtype Transition of Microglia and Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Interaction With SYK in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766178. [PMID: 34721438 PMCID: PMC8548669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and contributes to poor outcome in patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) in the SAH, as well as its potential mechanism. In our study, plasma levels of soluble TREM1 was increased significantly after SAH and correlated to SAH severity and serum C-reactiveprotein. TREM1 inhibitory peptide LP17 alleviated the neurological deficits, attenuated brain water content, and reduced neuronal damage after SAH. Meanwhile, TREM1 inhibitory peptide decreased neuroinflammation (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CD68, CD16, CD86) and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CitH3, MPO, and NE). Further mechanistic study identified that TREM1 can activate downstream proinflammatory pathways through interacting with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In conclusion, inhibition of TREM1 alleviates neuroinflammation by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through interacting with SYK after SAH. TREM1 may be a a promising therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Xu H, Yu W, Sun S, Li C, Ren J, Zhang Y. TAX1BP1 protects against myocardial infarction-associated cardiac anomalies through inhibition of inflammasomes in a RNF34/MAVS/NLRP3-dependent manner. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1669-1683. [PMID: 36654301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most common cardiovascular emergencies, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Ample evidence has revealed an essential role for inflammasome activation and autophagy in the pathogenesis of acute MI. Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1), an adaptor molecule involved in termination of proinflammatory signaling, serves as an important selective autophagy adaptor, but its role in cardiac ischemia remains elusive. This study examined the role of TAX1BP1 in myocardial ischemic stress and the underlying mechanisms involved. Levels of TAX1BP1 were significantly downregulated in heart tissues of patients with ischemic heart disease and in a left anterior descending (LAD) ligation-induced model of acute MI. Adenovirus carrying TAX1BP1 was delivered into the myocardium. The acute MI induced procedure elicited an infarct and cardiac dysfunction, the effect of which was mitigated by TAX1BP1 overexpression with little effect from viral vector alone. TAX1BP1 nullified acute MI-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. TAX1BP1 overexpression suppressed NLRP3 mitochondrial localization by inhibiting the interaction of NLRP3 with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). Further investigation revealed that ring finger protein 34 (RNF34) was recruited to interact with TAX1BP1 thereby facilitating autophagic degradation of MAVS through K27-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS. Knockdown of RNF34 using siRNA nullified TAX1BP1 yielded protection against hypoxia-induced MAVS mitochondrial accumulation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, our results favor a cardioprotective role for TAX1BP1 in acute MI through repression of inflammasome activation in a RNF34/MAVS-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiqun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Zhou X, Wu J, Yang X, Zhao Y, Lin R, Xie Y, Yuan J, Zheng X, Wang S. Bufalin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes apoptosis of glioma cells by regulating Annexin A2 and DRP1 protein expression. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:424. [PMID: 34376212 PMCID: PMC8353806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a common primary central nervous system tumour, and therapeutic drugs that can effectively improve the survival rate of patients in the clinic are lacking. Bufalin is effective in treating various tumours, but the mechanism by which it promotes the apoptosis of glioma cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the drug targets of bufalin in glioma cells and to clarify the apoptotic mechanism. Methods Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Then, the cell cycle and apoptosis, intracellular ion homeostasis, oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial damage were assessed after bufalin treatment. DARTS-PAGE technology was employed and LC–MS/MS was performed to explore the drug targets of bufalin in U251 cells. Molecular docking and western blotting were performed to identify potential targets. siRNA targeting Annexin A2 and the DRP1 protein inhibitor Mdivi-1 were used to confirm the targets of bufalin. Results Bufalin upregulated the expression of cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, p-Chk1 and p-p53 proteins to induce U251 cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in the S phase. Bufalin also induced oxidative stress in U251 cells, destroyed intracellular ion homeostasis, and caused mitochondrial damage. The expression of mitochondrial division-/fusion-related proteins in U251 cells was abnormal, the Annexin A2 and DRP1 proteins were translocated from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, and the MFN2 protein was released from mitochondria into the cytoplasm after bufalin treatment, disrupting the mitochondrial division/fusion balance in U251 cells. Conclusions Our research indicated that bufalin can cause Annexin A2 and DRP1 oligomerization on the surface of mitochondria and disrupt the mitochondrial division/fusion balance to induce U251 cell apoptosis. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02137-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junsheng Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Key Laboratory Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Li C, Shi L, Wang Y, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang Y, Du Z. High-fat diet exacerbates lead-induced blood-brain barrier disruption by disrupting tight junction integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1412-1421. [PMID: 33749115 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) can damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. High-fat diet (HFD) also has been suggested to impair neurocognitive function. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of CNS. The damage of BBB caused by tight junctions (TJs) disruption is central to the etiology of various CNS disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether HFD could exacerbate Pb exposure induced the destruction of BBB integrity by TJs disruption. To this end, we measured cell viability assay, trans-endothelial electrical resistance assay, horseradish peroxidase flux measurement, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence experiments. The results showed that palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid found in the human body, can increase the permeability of the BBB in vitro which formed in bEnd.3 cells induced by Pb exposure, and decrease the expression of TJs, such as zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Besides, we found that PA could promote the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway induced by Pb. MMP-9 inhibitor or JNK inhibitor could increase BBB integrity and up-regulate the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin after treatment, respectively. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor could down-regulate the expression of MMP-9. In conclusion, these results suggested that HFD exacerbates Pb-induced BBB disruption by disrupting TJs integrity. This may be because PA promotes the activation of JNK pathway and then up-regulated the expression of MMP-9 after Pb-exposure. It is suggested that people with HFD exposed to environmental Pb may cause more serious damage to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Zhou J, Li R, Liu Q, Zhang J, Huang H, Huang C, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Wu T, Tang Q, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, He J. Blocking 5-LO pathway alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111470. [PMID: 33721755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes, which mediate inflammation. The enzyme is known to contribute to organ fibrosis, but how it contributes to renal fibrosis is unclear. Here, we reported that fibrotic kidneys expressed high levels of 5-LO, and deleting the 5-LO gene mitigated renal fibrosis in mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), based on assays of collagen deposition, injury and inflammation. Mechanistically, the exogenous leukotrienes B4 and C4, the downstream products of 5-LO, could induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney epithelial cell cultures, based on assays of E-cadherin, vimentin and snail expression. Studies in UUO mice confirmed that 5-LO deletion inhibited the EMT in the obstructed kidney. More importantly, 5-LO inhibitor zileuton loaded in CREKA-Lip, which could target to fibrotic kidney, markedly attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis and injury by inhibiting the EMT in the obstructed kidney. Our results suggested that 5-LO activity may contribute to renal fibrosis by promoting renal EMT, implying that the enzyme may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Hsueh PJ, Wang MH, Hsiao CJ, Chen CK, Lin FL, Huang SH, Yen JL, Tsai PH, Kuo YH, Hsiao G. Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury and BV-2 Microglial Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102970. [PMID: 34067678 PMCID: PMC8156058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by an exacerbation of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, for which few effective therapies are available at present. Inhibition of excessive neuroglial activation has been reported to alleviate ICH-related brain injuries. In the present study, the anti-ICH activity and microglial mechanism of ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100), a bioactive ingredient from Asian medicinal herb Antrodia camphorate, were evaluated. Post-treatment of EK100 significantly attenuated neurobehavioral deficit and MRI-related brain lesion in the mice model of collagenase-induced ICH. Additionally, EK100 alleviated the inducible expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the ipsilateral brain regions. Consistently, it was shown that EK100 concentration-dependently inhibited the expression of COX-2 protein in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial BV-2 and primary microglial cells. Furthermore, the production of microglial prostaglandin E2 and reactive oxygen species were attenuated by EK100. EK100 also attenuated the induction of astrocytic MMP-9 activation. Among several signaling pathways, EK100 significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. Consistently, ipsilateral JNK activation was markedly inhibited by post-ICH-treated EK100 in vivo. In conclusion, EK100 exerted the inhibitory actions on microglial JNK activation, and attenuated brain COX-2 expression, MMP-9 activation, and brain injuries in the mice ICH model. Thus, EK100 may be proposed and employed as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Che-Jen Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Laboratory of Neural Repair, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tayouan, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia;
| | - Shu-Hsien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Ping-Huei Tsai
- Translational Imaging Research Center, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (G.H.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-23778620 (G.H.)
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-J.H.); (C.-J.H.); (S.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (G.H.); Tel./Fax: +886-2-23778620 (G.H.)
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Durdagi G, Pehlivan DY, Oyar EO, Bahceci SA, Ozbek M. Effects of Melatonin and Adrenomedullin in Reducing the Cardiotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:354-364. [PMID: 33389601 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main disadvantage of doxorubicin (DOX) is that it has cardiotoxic side effects. Our aim is to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) and to compare these effects with melatonin (MEL), it's cardioprotective effects are well known. Rats were divided into four groups: Control group (0.9% NaCl solution, intravenously), Doxorubicin group (45 mg/kg DOX, intravenously), Doxorubicin + Melatonin group (DOX + MEL, 10 mg/kg melatonin, intraperitoneally), Doxorubicin + Adrenomedullin group (DOX + ADM, 12 µg/kg adrenomedullin, intraperitoneally). A single dose of DOX was injected to the experimental groups on day 5, and a single dose of 0.9% NaCl solution was injected to the control group through the tail vein. The animals were anesthetized and ECG recordings were obtained on day 8. For the purpose of biochemical and histological analysis, cardiac tissue biopsy was obtained after ECG recordings. Compared to the control group, the DOX group had significantly increased duration of QRS complex, PR interval, QT interval and QTc interval. QRS complex, QT interval and QTc interval were prolonged with the administration of DOX and shortened with the administration of ADM. MEL weakened the toxic effects of DOX on the cardiac tissue and it is shown histologically. DOX increased interleukins (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in cardiac tissue, while reducing total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. MEL administration decreased the levels of CK-MB, MDA, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-18, NO, and TNF-α, whereas ADM only decreased IL-1α, IL-18, MDA and TNF-α levels. In summary, these results show that DOX has toxic effects on rat cardiac tissue which is documented histologically, electrocardiographically and biochemically. MEL alleviated histological damage and showed improvement on the several biochemical parameters of cardiac tissue. ADM brought several electrocardiographic and biochemical parameters closer to normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Durdagi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Yildiz Pehlivan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eser Oz Oyar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selen Akyol Bahceci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozbek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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45
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Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Why is COVID-19 less severe in children? A review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the age-related difference in severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:429-439. [PMID: 33262177 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other respiratory viruses, children have less severe symptoms when infected with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss proposed hypotheses for the age-related difference in severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Factors proposed to explain the difference in severity of COVID-19 in children and adults include those that put adults at higher risk and those that protect children. The former include: (1) age-related increase in endothelial damage and changes in clotting function; (2) higher density, increased affinity and different distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and transmembrane serine protease 2; (3) pre-existing coronavirus antibodies (including antibody-dependent enhancement) and T cells; (4) immunosenescence and inflammaging, including the effects of chronic cytomegalovirus infection; (5) a higher prevalence of comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and (6) lower levels of vitamin D. Factors that might protect children include: (1) differences in innate and adaptive immunity; (2) more frequent recurrent and concurrent infections; (3) pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses; (4) differences in microbiota; (5) higher levels of melatonin; (6) protective off-target effects of live vaccines and (7) lower intensity of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Wang S, Li J, He Y, Ran Y, Lu B, Gao J, Shu C, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Hao Y. Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120584. [PMID: 33887395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a complication commonly found in victims suffering from nuclear accidents and patients treated with chest tumor radiotherapy, and drugs are limited for effective prevention and treatment. Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short. In order to prolong the metabolism period of MET, we prepared MET entrapped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (MET/PLGANPS) for the treatment of RILI. As a result, the release rate of MET/PLGANPS in vitro was lower than MET, with stable physical properties, and it caused no changes in histopathology and biochemical indicators. After 2 weeks and 16 weeks of irradiation with the dose of 15 Gy, MET and MET/PLGANPS could reduce the expression of caspase-3 proteins, inflammatory factors, TGF-β1 and Smad3 to alleviate radiation-induced lung injury. MET/PLGANPS showed better therapeutic effect on RILI than MET. In addition, we also found that high expression of miR-21 could increase the expression levels of TGF-β1, and inhibit the protective effect of MET/PLGANPS. In conclusion, MET/PLGANPS may alleviate RILI by inhibiting the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which would provide a new target for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Normal University, No.37, Middle University Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Tu T, Yin S, Pang J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Guo K, Chen L, Peng J, Jiang Y. Irisin Contributes to Neuroprotection by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640215. [PMID: 33613273 PMCID: PMC7886674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke, which poses a series of intractable challenges to clinical practice. Imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis has been thought to be the crucial pathomechanism in early brain injury (EBI) cascade after SAH. Irisin, a protein related to metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis, has been reported to play pivotal roles in post-stroke neuroprotection. However, whether this myokine can exert neuroprotection effects after SAH remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the protective effects of irisin and the underlying mechanisms related to mitochondrial biogenesis in a SAH animal model. Endovascular perforation was used to induce SAH, and recombinant irisin was administered intracerebroventricularly. Neurobehavioral assessments, TdT-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, immunofluorescence, western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for post-SAH assessments. We demonstrated that irisin treatment improved neurobehavioral scores, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative stress in EBI after SAH. More importantly, the administration of exogenous irisin conserved the mitochondrial morphology and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. The protective effects of irisin were partially reversed by the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) inhibitor. Taken together, irisin may have neuroprotective effects against SAH via improving the mitochondrial biogenesis, at least in part, through UCP-2 related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuke Xie
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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48
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Subbiah R, Tiwari RR. The herbicide paraquat-induced molecular mechanisms in the development of acute lung injury and lung fibrosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:36-64. [PMID: 33528289 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1864721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic organic heterocyclic herbicide that has been widely used in agricultural settings. Since its commercial introduction in the early 1960s, numerous cases of fatal PQ poisonings attributed to accidental and/or intentional ingestion of PQ concentrated formulations have been reported. The clinical manifestations of the respiratory system during the acute phase of PQ poisoning mainly include acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), followed by pulmonary fibrosis in a later phase. The focus of this review is to summarize the most recent publications related to PQ-induced lung toxicity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms for PQ-mediated pathologic processes. Growing sets of data from in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of the PQ in regulating lung oxidative stress, inflammatory response, epigenetics, apoptosis, autophagy, and the progression of lung fibrosis. The article also summarizes novel therapeutic avenues based on a literature review, which can be explored as potential means to combat PQ-induced lung toxicity. Finally, we also presented clinical studies on the association of PQ exposure with the incidence of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbiah
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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Yang M, Wang S, Fu S, Wu NN, Xu X, Sun S, Zhang Y, Ren J. Deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin, exacerbates chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy through an Ambra1-dependent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:964-982. [PMID: 33300167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic alcohol consumption contributes to contractile dysfunction and unfavourable geometric changes in myocardium, accompanied by altered autophagy and disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin encoded by PARK2 gene maintains a fundamental role in regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis, although little is known of its role in the aetiology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Here we assessed the effects of Parkin deletion in chronic alcohol-evoked cardiotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Following alcohol (4%) or control diet intake for 8 weeks, adult male wild-type (WT) and PARK2 knockout (Parkin-/- ) mice were examined using echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte mechanical properties, morphology of myocardium, and mitochondrial damage were also evaluated. Autophagy and mitophagy levels were assessed by LC3B and GFP-LC3 puncta, and lysosome-dependent autophagic flux was scrutinized using GFP-mRFP-LC3 puncta and Bafilomycin A1 treatment. KEY RESULTS Chronic alcohol exposure provoked unfavourable geometric changes in myocardium and led to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac contractile defects, effects further exacerbated by Parkin knockout. Chronic alcohol exposure provoked autophagy and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy without affecting lysosome-dependent autophagic flux, the effects of which were diminished by Parkin deletion. Parkin adenovirus infection in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes further increased autophagy and protected against alcohol-induced myocardial injury, effects blocked by siRNA for Ambra1 (Autophagy and Beclin1 regulator 1). Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed interactions between Parkin and Ambra1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parkin was essential for cardiac homeostasis in alcohol challenge, accompanied by increased autophagy/mitophagy and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through its interaction with Ambra1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouzhi Fu
- Department of ICU/Emergency Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihui Xu
- Cytokinetics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shiqun Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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50
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Tang S, Ye S, Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Xiao F. Clusterin alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes via inhibition of Ca 2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111326. [PMID: 32961495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is ubiquitous in the environment and is commonly used in various industrial processes. Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone protein which exerts the anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. We revealed that the apoptosis rate of L02 hepatocytes treated with Cr (VI) was increased. CLU over-expression could protect the hepatocytes from Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, Cr(VI) triggered the intracellular calcium overload, resulting in the activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). Cr(VI) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, led to dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation to mitochondria and the subsequent mitochondrial fission, contributing to the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate, lower mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and more alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) leakage into the culture medium. However, CLU over-expression could trigger the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was followed by the increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) expression. CLU-induced AMPK/SERCA2a activation attenuated calcium overload, caspase-3 activation, and ultimate mitochondrial apoptosis. All in all, the present study demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced hepatocytes apoptosis via Ca2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis and CLU alleviated the mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of the AMPK/SERCA2a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Tang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - NingJuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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