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Buján S, Pontillo C, Miret N, Leguizamón MA, Chiappini F, Cocca C, Randi A. Triple negative breast cancer cells exposed to aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands hexachlorobenzene and chlorpyrifos activate endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111096. [PMID: 38844257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. The mechanisms by which pesticides can increase breast cancer risk are multiple and complex. We have previously observed that two aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists ‒pesticides hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and chlorpyrifos (CPF)‒ act on tumor progression, stimulating cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in animal models. Elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are found in malignant breast tumors, and HIF-1α is known to induce proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are fundamental in breast cancer progression. In this work, we studied HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μM) and CPF (0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μM) action on the expression of these proangiogenic factors in triple negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, as well as the effect of their conditioned medium (CM) on endothelial cells. Exposure to pesticides increased HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression in an AhR-dependent manner. In addition, HCB and CPF boosted NOS-2 and COX-2 content and VEGF secretion in MDA-MB-231 cells. The treatment of endothelial cells with CM from tumor cells exposed to pesticides increased cell proliferation, migration, and tubule formation, enhancing both tubule length and branching points. Of note, these effects were VEGF-dependent, as they were blocked in the presence of a VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor. In sum, our results highlight the harmful impact of HCB and CPF in modulating the interaction between breast cancer and endothelial cells and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Buján
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Pontillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Miret
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Leguizamón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Chiappini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cocca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Randi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tan R, Jin M, Chen Z, Shao Y, Song Y, Yin J, Wang L, Chen T, Li J, Yang D. Exogenous antibiotic resistance gene contributes to intestinal inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome and inflammatory cytokine responses in mouse. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2156764. [PMID: 36573825 PMCID: PMC9809935 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbiota by environmental factors is associated with a variety of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. In addition, naturally-occurring extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) might directly enter the gut via the food chain. However, following gut microbiota exposure to eARGs, the ecological processes shaping the microbiota community assembly, as well as the interplay between the microbiota composition, metabolic function, and the immune responses, are not well understood. Increasing focus on the One Health approach has led to an urgent need to investigate the direct health damage caused by eARGs. Herein, we reveal the significant influence of eARGs on microbiota communities, strongly driven by stochastic processes. How eARGs-stimulate variations in the composition and metabolomic function of the gut microbiota led to cytokine responses in mice of different age and sex were investigated. The results revealed that cytokines were significantly associated with immunomodulatory microbes, metabolites, and ARGs biomarkers. Cytokine production was associated with specific metabolic pathways (arachidonic acid and tryptophan metabolic pathways), as confirmed by ex vivo cytokine responses and recovery experiments in vivo. Furthermore, the gut microbial profile could be applied to accurately predict the degree of intestinal inflammation ascribed to the eARGs (area under the curve = 0.9616). The present study provided a comprehensive understanding of the influence of an eARGs on immune responses and intestinal barrier damage, shedding light on the interplay between eARGs, microbial, metabolites, and the gut antibiotic resistome in modulating the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China,Junwen Li Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Shao
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjiao Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China,Junwen Li Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Dong Yang Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No. 1 Dali Road, Tianjin300050, China
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Alos HC, Billones JB, Castillo AL, Vasquez RD. Alpinumisoflavone against cancer pro-angiogenic targets: In silico, In vitro, and In ovo evaluation. Daru 2022; 30:273-288. [PMID: 35925539 PMCID: PMC9715906 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is currently the world's most predominant malignancy. In cancer progression, angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis.Alpinumisoflavone (AIF), a bioactive isoflavonoid, exhibited good binding affinity with the angiogenesis pathway's druggable target through molecular docking. OBJECTIVES To confirm AIF's angiogenesis inhibitory activity, cytotoxic potential toward breast cancer cells, and druggability. METHODS Antiangiogenic activity was evaluated in six pro-angiogenic proteins in vitro, duck chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in ovo, molecular docking and druggability in silico. RESULTS Findings showed that AIF significantly inhibited (p = < 0.001) the HER2(IC50 = 2.96 µM), VEGFR-2(IC50 = 4.80 µM), MMP-9(IC50 = 23.00 µM), FGFR4(IC50 = 57.65 µM), EGFR(IC50 = 92.06 µM) and RET(IC50 = > 200 µM) activity in vitro.AIF at 25 µM-200 µM significantly inhibited (p = < 0.001) the total number of branch points (IC50 = 14.25 μM) and mean length of tubule complexes (IC50 = 3.52 μM) of duck CAM comparable (p = > 0.001) with the positive control 200 µM celecoxib on both parameters.AIF inhibited the growth of the estrogen-receptor-positive (ER +) human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by 44.92 ± 1.79% at 100 µM while presenting less toxicity to human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) normal cells.The positive control 100 µM doxorubicin showed 86.66 ± 0.93% and 92.97 ± 1.27% inhibition with MCF-7 (IC50 = 3.62 μM) and HDFn, (IC50 = 27.16 μM) respectively.In docking, AIF has the greatest in silico binding affinity on HER2 (-10.9 kcal/mol) among the key angiogenic molecules tested. In silico rat oral LD50 calculation indicates that AIF is moderate to slightly toxic at 146.4 mg/kg with 1.1 g/kg and 20.1 mg/kg upper and lower 95% confidence limits. Lastly, it sufficiently complies with Lipinski's, Veber's, Egan's, Ghose's, and Muegge's Rule, supporting its oral drug-like property. CONCLUSION This study revealed that AIF possesses characteristics of a phytoestrogen compound with significant binding affinity, inhibitory activity against pro-angiogenic proteins, and cytotoxic potential against ER + breast cancer cells.The acceptable and considerable safety and drug-likeness profiles of AIF are worthy of further confirmation in vivo and advanced pre-clinical studies so that AIF can be elevated as a promising molecule for breast cancer therapy.
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Gardner SH, Reinhardt CJ, Chan J. Advances in Activity-Based Sensing Probes for Isoform-Selective Imaging of Enzymatic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5000-5009. [PMID: 32274846 PMCID: PMC7544620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, there were no generalizable methods for assessing the effects of post-translational regulation on enzymatic activity. Activity-based sensing (ABS) has emerged as a powerful approach for monitoring small-molecule and enzyme activities within living systems. Initial examples of ABS were applied for measuring general enzymatic activity; however, a recent focus has been placed on increasing the selectivity to monitor a single enzyme or isoform. The highest degree of selectivity is required for differentiating between isoforms, where the targets display significant structural similarities as a result of a gene duplication or alternative splicing. This Minireview highlights key examples of small-molecule isoform-selective probes with a focus on the relevance of isoform differentiation, design strategies to achieve selectivity, and applications in basic biology or in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher J Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 (EP4) as a Therapeutic Target to Impede Breast Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050942. [PMID: 33668160 PMCID: PMC7956318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood (angiogenesis) and lymphatic (lymphangiogenesis) vessels are major events associated with most epithelial malignancies, including breast cancer. Angiogenesis is essential for cancer cell survival. Lymphangiogenesis is critical in maintaining tumoral interstitial fluid balance and importing tumor-facilitatory immune cells. Both vascular routes also serve as conduits for cancer metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia promotes both events by stimulating multiple angiogenic/lymphangiogenic growth factors. Studies on tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and its exploitation for therapy have received less attention from the research community than those on angiogenesis. Inflammation is a key mediator of both processes, hijacked by many cancers by the aberrant expression of the inflammation-associated enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2. In this review, we focus on breast cancer and showed that COX-2 is a major promoter of both events, primarily resulting from the activation of prostaglandin (PG) E receptor EP4 on tumor cells, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and endothelial cells; and the induction of oncogenic microRNAs. The COX-2/EP4 pathway also promotes additional events in breast cancer progression, such as cancer cell migration, invasion, and the stimulation of stem-like cells. Based on a combination of studies using multiple breast cancer models, we show that EP4 antagonists hold a major promise in breast cancer therapy in combination with other modalities including immune check-point inhibitors.
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Tian J, Wang V, Wang N, Khadang B, Boudreault J, Bakdounes K, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Identification of MFGE8 and KLK5/7 as mediators of breast tumorigenesis and resistance to COX-2 inhibition. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 33588911 PMCID: PMC7885389 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) promotes stemness in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), highlighting COX-2 as a promising therapeutic target in these tumors. However, to date, clinical trials using COX-2 inhibitors in breast cancer only showed variable patient responses with no clear significant clinical benefits, suggesting underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to resistance to COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS By combining in silico analysis of human breast cancer RNA-seq data with interrogation of public patient databases and their associated transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical profiles, we identified COX-2 associated genes whose expression correlate with aggressive TNBC features and resistance to COX-2 inhibitors. We then assessed their individual contributions to TNBC metastasis and resistance to COX-2 inhibitors, using CRISPR gene knockout approaches in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of TNBC. RESULTS We identified multiple COX-2 associated genes (TPM4, RGS2, LAMC2, SERPINB5, KLK7, MFGE8, KLK5, ID4, RBP1, SLC2A1) that regulate tumor lung colonization in TNBC. Furthermore, we found that silencing MFGE8 and KLK5/7 gene expression in TNBC cells markedly restored sensitivity to COX-2 selective inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study supports the establishment and use of novel COX-2 inhibitor-based combination therapies as future strategies for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vivian Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Baharak Khadang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julien Boudreault
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Khldoun Bakdounes
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E, Suite E02.6224, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Guey B, Bodnar-Wachtel M, Drouillard A, Eberhardt A, Pratviel M, Goutagny N, Bendriss-Vermare N, Puisieux I, Caux C, Walzer T, Petrilli V. Inflammasome Deletion Promotes Anti-tumor NK Cell Function in an IL-1/IL-18 Independent Way in Murine Invasive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1683. [PMID: 33042810 PMCID: PMC7526436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular complexes that trigger an inflammatory response upon detection of pathogens or danger signals. Recent studies suggest that they are also involved in cancer progression. However, their roles during tumorigenesis remain poorly understood and controversial. Here, we investigated whether inflammasome activation supports mammary tumor growth. Using mouse models of invasive breast cancer, our results demonstrate that the absence of a functional inflammasome impairs tumor growth. Importantly, tumors implanted into inflammasome-deficient mice recruited significantly less neutrophils and more natural killer (NK) cells, and these latter cells displayed a more active phenotype. Interestingly, NK cell depletion abolished the anti-tumoral effect observed in inflammasome-deficient mice, although inflammasome-regulated cytokine neutralization had no effect. Thus, our work identifies a novel role for the inflammasome in supporting mammary tumor growth by attenuating NK cell recruitment and activity. These results suggest that inflammasome inhibition could be a putative target for treating invasive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Guey
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Bodnar-Wachtel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Annabelle Drouillard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anaïs Eberhardt
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Manon Pratviel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nadège Goutagny
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Puisieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Gardner SH, Reinhardt CJ, Chan J. Fortschritte bei aktivitätsbasierten Sonden für die isoformselektive Bildgebung enzymatischer Aktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Christopher J. Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Yadav AK, Reinhardt CJ, Arango AS, Huff HC, Dong L, Malkowski MG, Das A, Tajkhorshid E, Chan J. An Activity-Based Sensing Approach for the Detection of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3307-3314. [PMID: 31854058 PMCID: PMC7416425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is prominent in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Directly monitoring COX-2 activity within its native environment poses an exciting approach to account for and illuminate the effect of the local environments on protein activity. Herein, we report the development of CoxFluor, the first activity-based sensing approach for monitoring COX-2 within live cells with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CoxFluor strategically links a natural substrate with a dye precursor to engage both the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities of COX-2. This catalyzes the release of resorufin and the natural product, as supported by molecular dynamics and ensemble docking. CoxFluor enabled the detection of oxygen-dependent changes in COX-2 activity that are independent of protein expression within live macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher J Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andres S Arango
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hannah C Huff
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Michael G Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Yadav AK, Reinhardt CJ, Arango AS, Huff HC, Dong L, Malkowski MG, Das A, Tajkhorshid E, Chan J. An Activity‐Based Sensing Approach for the Detection of Cyclooxygenase‐2 in Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Christopher J. Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Andres S. Arango
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hannah C. Huff
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Structural Biology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 USA
| | - Michael G. Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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12
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Gunaratna RT, Santos A, Luo L, Nagi C, Lambertz I, Spier M, Conti CJ, Fuchs-Young RS. Dynamic role of the codon 72 p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism in mammary tumorigenesis in a humanized mouse model. Oncogene 2019; 38:3535-3550. [PMID: 30651598 PMCID: PMC6756019 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Female breast cancer (BrCa) is the most common noncutaneous cancer among women in the United States. Human epidemiological studies reveal that a p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 72, encoding proline (P72) or arginine (R72), is associated with differential risk of several cancers, including BrCa. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these variants affect mammary tumorigenesis remain unresolved. To investigate the effects of this polymorphism on susceptibility to mammary cancer, we used a humanized p53 mouse model, homozygous for either P72 or R72. Our studies revealed that R72 mice had a significantly higher mammary tumor incidence and reduced latency in both DMBA-induced and MMTV-Erbb2/Neu mouse mammary tumor models compared to P72 mice. Analyses showed that susceptible mammary glands from E-R72 (R72 x MMTV-Erbb2/Neu) mice developed a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with influx of proinflammatory macrophages, ultimately resulting in chronic, protumorigenic inflammation. Mammary tumors arising in E-R72 mice also had an increased influx of tumor-associated macrophages, contributing to angiogenesis and elevated tumor growth rates. These results demonstrate that the p53 R72 variant increased susceptibility to mammary tumorigenesis through chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh T Gunaratna
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andres Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Lambertz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Madison Spier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Claudio J Conti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin S Fuchs-Young
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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13
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Bens A, Cronin-Fenton D, Dehlendorff C, Jensen MB, Ejlertsen B, Kroman N, Friis S, Mellemkjaer L. Nonaspirin NSAIDs and contralateral breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1243-1250. [PMID: 30362513 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory studies suggest that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes inhibits breast cancer development. We aimed to evaluate whether postdiagnosis use of COX-2 selective or other nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) among Danish breast cancer patients. From the clinical database of the Danish Breast Cancer Group, we identified 52,723 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1996 and 2012. Data on nonaspirin NSAID use, CBC and potential confounding variables were obtained from nationwide registries. We defined postdiagnosis use (two or more prescriptions) as a time-varying covariate with a one-year lag. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CBC associated with nonaspirin NSAID use. During a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range: 2.3-9 years), 1,444 patients were diagnosed with CBC. Overall, postdiagnosis use of nonaspirin NSAID was associated with an adjusted HR for CBC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87-1.11). The HRs did not vary substantially with duration or intensity of nonaspirin NSAID use. Moreover, similar associations were found for COX-2 selective (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.85-1.23) and nonselective (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82-1.13) nonaspirin NSAIDs. In conclusion, our nationwide cohort study of breast cancer patients does not suggest a reduced risk of CBC with nonaspirin NSAID use regardless of the COX-2 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Bens
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Kroman
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Friis
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Mellemkjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Sonnweber T, Pizzini A, Nairz M, Weiss G, Tancevski I. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113285. [PMID: 30360467 PMCID: PMC6274989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and immune pathways are crucial in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Arachidonic acid (AA) and its derivatives link nutrient metabolism to immunity and inflammation, thus holding a key role in the emergence and progression of frequent diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. We herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, tissue homeostasis, and immunity, and explore the role of the AA metabolome in diverse pathophysiological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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15
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Hua H, Zhang H, Kong Q, Wang J, Jiang Y. Complex roles of the old drug aspirin in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:114-145. [PMID: 29855050 DOI: 10.1002/med.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent aspirin is widely used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, epidemiologic evidences reveal that aspirin may prevent a variety of human cancers, while data on the association between aspirin and some kinds of cancer are conflicting. Preclinical studies and clinical trials also reveal the therapeutic effect of aspirin on cancer. Although cyclooxygenase is a well-known target of aspirin, recent studies uncover other targets of aspirin and its metabolites, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase, heparanase, and histone. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that aspirin may act in different cell types, such as epithelial cell, tumor cell, endothelial cell, platelet, and immune cell. Therefore, aspirin acts on diverse hallmarks of cancer, such as sustained tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune evasion. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and integratively analyze the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aspirin and its metabolites. We also discuss mechanisms of aspirin resistance and describe some derivatives of aspirin, which aim to overcome the adverse effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Hanna VS, Hafez EAA. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:23-32. [PMID: 30034873 PMCID: PMC6052663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), a 20 carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 4 double bonds, is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility. The four double bonds of AA predispose it to oxygenation that leads to a plethora of metabolites of considerable importance for the proper function of the immune system, promotion of allergies and inflammation, resolving of inflammation, mood, and appetite. The present review presents an illustrated synopsis of AA metabolism, corroborating the instrumental importance of AA derivatives for health and well-being. It provides a comprehensive outline on AA metabolic pathways, enzymes and signaling cascades, in order to develop new perspectives in disease treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Said Hanna
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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17
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Chemical genomics reveals inhibition of breast cancer lung metastasis by Ponatinib via c-Jun. Protein Cell 2018; 10:161-177. [PMID: 29667003 PMCID: PMC6338618 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of human cancer deaths. Unfortunately, no approved drugs are available for anti-metastatic treatment. In our study, high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening (HTS2) and a breast cancer lung metastasis (BCLM)-associated gene signature were combined to discover anti-metastatic drugs. After screening of thousands of compounds, we identified Ponatinib as a BCLM inhibitor. Ponatinib significantly inhibited the migration and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells in vitro and blocked BCLM in multiple mouse models. Mechanistically, Ponatinib represses the expression of BCLM-associated genes mainly through the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway by inhibiting the transcription of JUN and accelerating the degradation of c-Jun protein. Notably, JUN expression levels were positively correlated with BCLM-associated gene expression and lung metastases in breast cancer patients. Collectively, we established a novel approach for the discovery of anti-metastatic drugs, identified Ponatinib as a new drug to inhibit BCLM and revealed c-Jun as a crucial factor and potential drug target for BCLM. Our study may facilitate the therapeutic treatment of BCLM as well as other metastases.
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18
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Majumder M, Nandi P, Omar A, Ugwuagbo KC, Lala PK. EP4 as a Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041019. [PMID: 29596308 PMCID: PMC5979567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, also called seven-transmembrane or heptahelical receptors) are a superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins that bind to many extracellular ligands and transmit signals to an intracellular guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein). When a ligand binds, the receptor activates the attached G-protein by causing the exchange of Guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP). They play a major role in many physiological functions, as well as in the pathology of many diseases, including cancer progression and metastasis. Only a few GPCR members have been exploited as targets for developing drugs with therapeutic benefit in cancer. Present review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways utilized by the EP (prostaglandin E receptor) family of GPCR, their physiological and pathological roles in carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on the roles of EP4 in breast cancer progression. We make a case for EP4 as a promising newer therapeutic target for treating breast cancer. We show that an aberrant over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which is an inflammation-associated enzyme, occurring in 40–50% of breast cancer patients leads to tumor progression and metastasis due to multiple cellular events resulting from an increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in the tumor milieu. They include inactivation of host anti-tumor immune cells, such as Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, increased immuno-suppressor function of tumor-associated macrophages, promotion of tumor cell migration, invasiveness and tumor-associated angiogenesis, due to upregulation of multiple angiogenic factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A, increased lymphangiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-C/D), and a stimulation of stem-like cell (SLC) phenotype in cancer cells. All of these events were primarily mediated by activation of the Prostaglandin (PG) E receptor EP4 on tumor or host cells. We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all of these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts. We suggest that EP4A can avoid thrombo-embolic side effects of long term use of COX-2 inhibitors by sparing cardio-protective roles of PGI2 via IP receptor activation or PGE2 via EP3 receptor activation. Furthermore, we identified two COX-2/EP4 induced oncogenic and SLC-stimulating microRNAs—miR526b and miR655, one of which (miR655) appears to be a potential blood biomarker in breast cancer patients for monitoring SLC-ablative therapies, such as with EP4A. We suggest that EP4A will likely produce the highest benefit in aggressive breast cancers, such as COX-2 expressing triple-negative breast cancers, when combined with other newer agents, such as inhibitors of programmed cell death (PD)-1 or PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Majumder
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada.
| | - Pinki Nandi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Omar
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada.
| | | | - Peeyush K Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
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19
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Suh J, Kim DH, Kim EH, Park SA, Park JM, Jang JH, Kim SJ, Na HK, Kim ND, Kim NJ, Suh YG, Surh YJ. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 activates PI3K-Akt signaling in human breast cancer cells through covalent modification of the tumor suppressor PTEN at cysteine 136. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:30-45. [PMID: 29550515 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the terminal products of cyclooxygenase-2-catalized arachidonic acid metabolism, has been shown to stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation and migration through Akt activation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on the activity of PTEN, the inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt axis, in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Since the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in the cyclopentenone ring of 15d-PGJ2 is electrophilic, we hypothesized that 15d-PGJ2-induced Akt phosphorylation might result from the covalent modification and subsequent inactivation of PTEN that has several critical cysteine residues. When treated to MCF-7 cells, 15d-PGJ2 bound to PTEN, and this was abolished in the presence of the thiol-reducing agent dithiothreitol. A mass spectrometric analysis by using recombinant and endogenous PTEN protein revealed that the cysteine 136 residue (Cys136) of PTEN is covalently modified upon treatment with 15d-PGJ2. Notably, the ability of 15d-PGJ2 to covalently bind to PTEN as well as to induce Akt phosphorylation was abolished in the cells expressing a mutant form of PTEN in which Cys136 was replaced by serine (C136S-PTEN). The present study demonstrates for the first time that electrophilic 15d-PGJ2 directly binds to cysteine 136 of PTEN and provides new insight into PTEN loss in cancer progression associated with chronic inflammation. These observations suggest that 15d-PGJ2 can undergo nucleophilic addition to PTEN, presumably at Cys136, thereby inactivating this tumor suppressor protein with concomitant Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowedge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, South Korea
| | - Nam-Doo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, South Korea
| | - Young Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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20
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Basudhar D, Glynn SA, Greer M, Somasundaram V, No JH, Scheiblin DA, Garrido P, Heinz WF, Ryan AE, Weiss JM, Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Lockett SJ, McVicar DW, Ambs S, Wink DA. Coexpression of NOS2 and COX2 accelerates tumor growth and reduces survival in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13030-13035. [PMID: 29087320 PMCID: PMC5724261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1709119114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory signaling pathways are commonly up-regulated in breast cancer. In estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) have been described as independent predictors of disease outcome. We further explore these findings by investigating the impact of their coexpression on breast cancer survival. Elevated coexpression of NOS2/COX2 proteins is a strong predictor of poor survival among ER- patients (hazard ratio: 21). Furthermore, we found that the key products of NOS2 and COX2, NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), respectively, promote feed-forward NOS2/COX2 crosstalk in both MDA-MB-468 (basal-like) and MDA-MB-231 (mesenchymal-like) TNBC cell lines in which NO induced COX2 and PGE2 induced NOS2 proteins. COX2 induction by NO involved TRAF2 activation that occurred in a TNFα-dependent manner in MDA-MB-468 cells. In contrast, NO-mediated TRAF2 activation in the more aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells was TNFα independent but involved the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Inhibition of NOS2 and COX2 using amino-guanidine and aspirin/indomethacin yielded an additive reduction in the growth of MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts. These findings support a role of NOS2/COX2 crosstalk during disease progression of aggressive cancer phenotypes and offer insight into therapeutic applications for better survival of patients with ER- and TNBC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Basudhar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Madison Greer
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jae Hong No
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - David A Scheiblin
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Pablo Garrido
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - William F Heinz
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert Y S Cheng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Stephen J Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702;
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21
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Abstract
Lipid metabolism, in particular the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), is an essential cellular process that converts nutrients into metabolic intermediates for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and the generation of signalling molecules. This Review explores how different aspects of FA synthesis promote tumorigenesis and tumour progression. FA synthesis has received substantial attention as a potential target for cancer therapy, but strategies to target this process have not yet translated into clinical practice. Furthermore, efforts to target this pathway must consider the influence of the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Röhrig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Majumder M, Xin X, Liu L, Tutunea-Fatan E, Rodriguez-Torres M, Vincent K, Postovit LM, Hess D, Lala PK. COX-2 Induces Breast Cancer Stem Cells via EP4/PI3K/AKT/NOTCH/WNT Axis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2290-305. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
| | | | | | - Krista Vincent
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Oncology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Oncology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - David Hess
- Physiology and Pharmacology
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Peeyush K. Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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23
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Kekatpure VD, Bs N, Wang H, Zhou XK, Kandasamy C, Sunny SP, Suresh A, Milne GL, Kuriakose MA, Dannenberg AJ. Elevated Levels of Urinary PGE-M Are Found in Tobacco Users and Indicate a Poor Prognosis for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:428-36. [PMID: 27045033 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a role in the development and progression of epithelial malignancies. Measurements of urinary PGE-M, a stable metabolite of PGE2, reflect systemic PGE2 levels. Here, we investigated whether urinary PGE-M levels were elevated in healthy tobacco users and in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Median urinary PGE-M levels were increased in healthy tobacco quid chewers [21.3 ng/mg creatinine (Cr); n = 33; P = 0.03] and smokers (32.1 ng/mg Cr; n = 31; P < 0.001) compared with never tobacco quid chewers-never smokers (18.8 ng/mg Cr; n = 30). Urinary PGE-M levels were also compared in OSCC patients versus healthy tobacco users. An approximately 1-fold increase in median urinary PGE-M level was found in OSCC patients (48.7 ng/mg Cr, n = 78) versus healthy controls (24.5 ng/mg Cr, n = 64; P < 0.001). We further determined whether baseline urinary PGE-M levels were prognostic in OSCC patients who underwent treatment with curative intent. A nearly 1-fold increase in baseline urinary PGE-M levels (64.7 vs. 33.8 ng/mg Cr, P < 0.001) was found in the group of OSCC patients who progressed (n = 37) compared with the group that remained progression free (n = 41). Patients with high baseline levels of urinary PGE-M had both worse disease-specific survival [HR, 1.01 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001] and overall survival (HR, 1.01 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = 0.03). Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that NSAIDs, prototypic inhibitors of PGE2 synthesis, may be beneficial for reducing the risk of tobacco-related aerodigestive malignancies or treating OSCC patients with high urinary PGE-M levels. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 428-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram D Kekatpure
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Health City, Bangalore, India. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Naveen Bs
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Sumsum P Sunny
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Health City, Bangalore, India. Mazumdar-Shaw Center for Translational Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Health City, Bangalore, India. Mazumdar-Shaw Center for Translational Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Moni Abraham Kuriakose
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health, Health City, Bangalore, India
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Wang X, Simpson ER, Brown KA. Aromatase overexpression in dysfunctional adipose tissue links obesity to postmenopausal breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 26209254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of breast cancer cases has increased in the last a few decades and this is believed to be associated with the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. The risk of breast cancer increases with age beyond menopause and the relationship between obesity and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women is well established. The majority of postmenopausal breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and estrogens produced in the adipose tissue promotes tumor formation. Obesity results in the secretion of inflammatory factors that stimulate the expression of the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens into estrogens in the adipose tissue. Evidence demonstrating a link between obesity and breast cancer has led to the investigation of metabolic pathways as novel regulators of estrogen production, including pathways that can be targeted to inhibit aromatase specifically within the breast. This review aims to present some of the key findings in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Wang
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evan R Simpson
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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25
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Barbieri SS, Petrucci G, Tarantino E, Amadio P, Rocca B, Pesce M, Machlus KR, Ranelletti FO, Gianellini S, Weksler B, Italiano JE, Tremoli E. Abnormal megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1218-29. [PMID: 26272103 DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might influence megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet production in vitro. Using a gene deletion model, we analysed the effect of COX-2 deficiency on megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. COX-2-/- mice (10-12 weeks old) have hyper-responsive platelets as suggested by their enhanced aggregation, TXA2 biosynthesis, CD62P and CD41/CD61 expression, platelet-fibrinogen binding, and increased thromboembolic death after collagen/epinephrine injection compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, increased platelet COX-1 expression and reticulated platelet fraction were observed in COX-2-/- mice while platelet count was similar to WT. MKs were significantly reduced in COX-2-/- bone marrows (BMs), with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, low ploidy and poor expression of lineage markers of maturation (CD42d, CD49b). However, MKs were significantly increased in COX-2-/- spleens, with features of MK maturation markers which were not observed in MKs of WT spleens. Interestingly, the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthases and prostanoid pattern were modified in BMs and spleens of COX-2-/- mice. Moreover, COX-2 ablation reduced the percentage of CD49b+ cells, the platelet formation and the haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and increased their accumulation in the spleen. Splenectomy decreased peripheral platelet number, reverted their hyper-responsive phenotype and protected COX-2-/- mice from thromboembolism. Interestingly, fibrosis was observed in spleens of old COX-2-/- mice (28 weeks old). In conclusion, COX-2 deletion delays BM megakaryopoiesis promoting a compensatory splenic MK hyperplasia, with a release of hyper-responsive platelets and increased thrombogenicity in vivo. COX-2 seems to contribute to physiological MK maturation and pro-platelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Silvia S. Barbieri, PhD, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50318357, Fax: +39 02 50318250, E-mail:
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Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Gut bacteria and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:86-90. [PMID: 26050963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota on the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract greatly outnumbers the cells in the human body. Effects of antibiotics indicate that GI tract bacteria may be determining the fate of distal cancers. Recent data implicate dysregulated host responses to enteric bacteria leading to cancers in extra-intestinal sites. Together these findings point to novel anti-cancer strategies aimed at promoting GI tract homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Basudhar D, Cheng RC, Bharadwaj G, Ridnour LA, Wink DA, Miranda KM. Chemotherapeutic potential of diazeniumdiolate-based aspirin prodrugs in breast cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:101-14. [PMID: 25659932 PMCID: PMC4441830 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diazeniumdiolate-based aspirin prodrugs have previously been shown to retain the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin while protecting against the common side effect of stomach ulceration. Initial analysis of two new prodrugs of aspirin that also release either nitroxyl (HNO) or nitric oxide (NO) demonstrated increased cytotoxicity toward human lung carcinoma cells compared to either aspirin or the parent nitrogen oxide donor. In addition, cytotoxicity was significantly lower in endothelial cells, suggesting cancer-specific sensitivity. To assess the chemotherapeutic potential of these new prodrugs in treatment of breast cancer, we studied their effect both in cultured cells and in a nude mouse model. Both prodrugs reduced growth of breast adenocarcinoma cells more effectively than the parent compounds while not being appreciably cytotoxic in a related nontumorigenic cell line (MCF-10A). The HNO donor also was more cytotoxic than the related NO donor. The basis for the observed specificity was investigated in terms of impact on metabolism, DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. The results suggest a significant pharmacological potential for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Basudhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Robert C Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gaurav Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Kwak DH, Shin SK, Youm SY, Kim TW, Kim Y, Ahn B. Chemopreventive effect of α-viniferin in azoxymethane-induced mouse colorectal tumor and Caco-2 cells. J Biomed Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.2.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Stromal, rather than epithelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with overall survival of breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:732. [PMID: 25269624 PMCID: PMC4192334 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic value of enhanced COX-2 expression in breast cancer has been controversial for a long time. The opinions vary widely between studies. Moreover, significant majority of studies considered only COX-2 expression in cancer epithelial cells. Methods We examined the prognostic value of COX-2 expression in both epithelial and stromal cells using three different antibodies and three algorithms of immunohistochemical scoring and categorizing the tumours into COX-2 overexpressing groups. Results Our results demonstrate that COX-2 expression in stromal cells is independent prognostic factor indicating worse overall survival of patients. Such a result was obtained using each of the three antibodies and two of the algorithms used for evaluations of COX-2 expression levels. We also show that immunohistochemical assessment of the prognostic value of COX-2 expression in cancer epithelial cells depends to a large extent on a combination of primary antibodies and algorithms used for determination of the COX-2 over-expressing tumours. Conclusions Our results indicate that stromal expression of COX-2 is independent prognostic parameter relatively insensitive to variations in sensitivity of antibodies used for its determination. Wide scatter of the published results concerning prognostic value of COX-2 expression in breast cancer tissues seems to be due to a large extent to multitude of antibodies and scoring algorithms used by different groups.
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Mammary carcinoma cell derived cyclooxygenase 2 suppresses tumor immune surveillance by enhancing intratumoral immune checkpoint activity. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R75. [PMID: 24004819 PMCID: PMC3979159 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic inhibition of the inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 decreases the risk of breast cancer and its recurrence. However, the biology of COX-2 in the multicellular tumor microenvironment is poorly defined. METHODS Mammary tumor onset and multiplicity were examined in ErbB2 transgenic mice that were deficient in mammary epithelial cell COX-2 (COX-2(MEC)KO) compared to wild type (WT) mice. Tumors were analyzed, by real time PCR, immune-staining and flow cytometry, for proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune microenvironment. Lentiviral shRNA delivery was used to knock down (KD) COX-2 in ErbB2-transformed mouse breast cancer cells (COX-2KD), and growth as orthotopic tumors was examined in syngenic recipient mice, with or without depletion of CD8+ immune cells. RESULTS Mammary tumor onset was delayed, and multiplicity halved, in COX-2(MEC)KO mice compared to WT. COX-2(MEC)KO tumors showed decreased expression of Ki67, a proliferation marker, as well as reduced VEGFA, its receptor VEGFR2, endothelial NOS and the vascular endothelial marker CD31, indicating reduced tumor vascularization. COX-2(MEC)KO tumors contained more CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and CD8+ cytotoxic immune cells (CTL) consistent with increased immune surveillance. The ratio of Th markers Tbet (Th1) to GATA3 (Th2) was higher, and levels of Retnla, a M2 macrophage marker, lower, in COX-2(MEC)KO tumor infiltrating leukocytes compared to WT, suggesting a prevalence of pro-immune Th1 over immune suppressive Th2 lymphocytes, and reduced macrophage polarization to the immune suppressive M2 phenotype. Enhanced immune surveillance in COX-2(MEC)KO tumors was coincident with increased intratumoral CXCL9, a T cell chemoattractant, and decreased expression of T lymphocyte co-inhibitory receptors CTLA4 and PD-1, as well as PD-L1, the ligand for PD-1. PD-L1 was also decreased in IFNγ-treated COX-2KD mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and, compared to control cells, growth of COX-2KD cells as orthotopic tumors in immune competent mice was markedly suppressed. However, robust growth of COX-2KD tumor cells was evident when recipients were depleted of CD8+ cells. CONCLUSIONS The data strongly support that, in addition to its angiogenic function, tumor cell COX-2 suppresses intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ immune cell function, possibly through upregulation of immune checkpoints, thereby contributing to tumor immune escape. COX-2 inhibition may be clinically useful to augment breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Chen EP, Markosyan N, Connolly E, Lawson JA, Li X, Grant GR, Grosser T, FitzGerald GA, Smyth EM. Myeloid Cell COX-2 deletion reduces mammary tumor growth through enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1788-97. [PMID: 24590894 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with poor prognosis across a range of human cancers, including breast cancer. The contribution of tumor cell-derived COX-2 to tumorigenesis has been examined in numerous studies; however, the role of stromal-derived COX-2 is ill-defined. Here, we examined how COX-2 in myeloid cells, an immune cell subset that includes macrophages, influences mammary tumor progression. In mice engineered to selectively lack myeloid cell COX-2 [myeloid-COX-2 knockout (KO) mice], spontaneous neu oncogene-induced tumor onset was delayed, tumor burden reduced, and tumor growth slowed compared with wild-type (WT). Similarly, growth of neu-transformed mammary tumor cells as orthotopic tumors in immune competent syngeneic myeloid-COX-2 KO host mice was reduced compared with WT. By flow cytometric analysis, orthotopic myeloid-COX-2 KO tumors had lower tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration consistent with impaired colony stimulating factor-1-dependent chemotaxis by COX-2 deficient macrophages in vitro. Further, in both spontaneous and orthotopic tumors, COX-2-deficient TAM displayed lower immunosuppressive M2 markers and this was coincident with less suppression of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in myeloid-COX-2 KO tumors. These studies suggest that reduced tumor growth in myeloid-COX-2 KO mice resulted from disruption of M2-like TAM function, thereby enhancing T-cell survival and immune surveillance. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD8(+), but not CD4(+) cells, restored tumor growth in myeloid-COX-2 KO to WT levels, indicating that CD8(+) CTLs are dominant antitumor effectors in myeloid-COX-2 KO mice. Our studies suggest that inhibition of myeloid cell COX-2 can potentiate CTL-mediated tumor cytotoxicity and may provide a novel therapeutic approach in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nune Markosyan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emma Connolly
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Lawson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emer M Smyth
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Fornetti J, Jindal S, Middleton KA, Borges VF, Schedin P. Physiological COX-2 expression in breast epithelium associates with COX-2 levels in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer in young women. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1219-1229. [PMID: 24518566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is implicated in increased risk and poorer outcomes in breast cancer in young women. We investigated COX-2 regulation in normal premenopausal breast tissue and its relationship to malignancy in young women. Quantitative COX-2 immunohistochemistry was performed on adjacent normal and breast cancer tissues from 96 premenopausal women with known clinical reproductive histories, and on rat mammary glands with distinct ovarian hormone exposures. COX-2 expression in the normal breast epithelium varied more than 40-fold between women and was associated with COX-2 expression levels in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer. Normal breast COX-2 expression was independent of known breast cancer prognostic indicators, including tumor stage and clinical subtype, indicating that factors regulating physiological COX-2 expression may be the primary drivers of COX-2 expression in breast cancer. Ovarian hormones, particularly at pregnancy levels, were identified as modulators of COX-2 in normal mammary epithelium. However, serial breast biopsy analysis in nonpregnant premenopausal women suggested relatively stable baseline levels of COX-2 expression, which persisted independent of menstrual cycling. These data provide impetus to investigate how baseline COX-2 expression is regulated in premenopausal breast tissue because COX-2 levels in normal breast epithelium may prove to be an indicator of breast cancer risk in young women, and predict the chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in this population.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fornetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kara A Middleton
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institutes of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; AMC Cancer Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado.
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The role of inflammation in inflammatory breast cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:53-73. [PMID: 24818719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Despite extensive study, whether inflammation contributes to the tumorigenicity or aggressiveness of IBC remains largely unknown. In this chapter, we will review the potential role played by inflammation in IBC based on the results of in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies. Current evidence suggests that several major inflammatory signaling pathways are constitutively active in IBC and breast cancer. Among them, the NF-κB, COX-2, and JAK/STAT signaling systems seem to play a major role in the tumorigenesis of IBC. Inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon have been shown to contribute to malignant transformation in preclinical studies of IBC, while transforming growth factor-β, interleukins 8 and 1β, as well as TNF-α appear to play a role in proliferation, survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. In this chapter, we also describe work thus far involving inhibitors of inflammation in the development of prevention and treatment strategies for IBC.
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HER. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Chemopreventive effect of diclofenac on mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARY The relationship between breast cancer (BC) and inflammation remains unclear. Some risk factors, such as age, obesity and postmenopausal status, are also associated with increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation. The role of T lymphocytes during BC development has been the subject of great debate, with improved survival reported when CD8+ and CD3+ T-lymphocytic infiltrates are present. Studies of B-lymphocytic infiltrates and prognosis have yielded conflicting results, but the extent of infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with reduced relapse-free and overall survival. There is consistent evidence that increased levels of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, and inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2 and CCL5, are associated with increased risk of BC and poorer prognosis. However, it is not known whether this actually plays a role in tumor development. Substantially more work is needed to achieve a basis for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Constantinou
- Research Oncology, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ian S Fentiman
- Research Oncology, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Crosstalk between HER2 signaling and angiogenesis in breast cancer: molecular basis, clinical applications and challenges. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:313-24. [PMID: 23518595 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32835ff362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Angiogenesis is an essential hallmark of cancer. Targeting angiogenesis has proven its efficacy in the modern therapeutic paradigm. HER2 positive breast cancer, in particular, is a challenging disease in which resistance to standard therapy has been attributed to parallel and downstream signaling cascades including angiogenesis. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying crosstalk between HER2 signaling and angiogenesis. It highlights the role of angiogenesis in the emerging resistance to anti-HER2 therapy. It surveys the current repertoire of clinical trials involving use of combination of anti-HER2 and antiangiogenic therapies. Finally, it entertains the hopes and challenges posed by this novel therapeutic approach. RECENT FINDINGS HER2 signaling upregulates angiogenesis at different levels and by different mechanisms. A large number of clinical trials were conducted in attempt to exploit the potential benefit of the combination. Results of early phase trials were promising. However, in the late phase clinical trials, the AVEREL trial did not demonstrate a consistent benefit for bevacizumab in the HER2 positive breast cancer patient population. The BETH trial is ongoing and recruiting patients. Safety issues regarding cardiovascular toxicity of the combination have been already raised. Negative experience of dual EGFR and VEGF targeting in colon cancer cannot be overlooked. SUMMARY Angiogenesis and HER2 signaling are closely related at the molecular level. Appraisal of efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies requires revisit of the current literature as well as following the results of ongoing trials.
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Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Kent CV, Zhou XK, Chang SH, Hla T, Jakobsson PJ, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Genetic deletion of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 suppresses mouse mammary tumor growth and angiogenesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:99-105. [PMID: 23624019 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin (COX/PG) signaling pathway is of central importance in inflammation and neoplasia. COX inhibitors are widely used for analgesia and also have demonstrated activity for cancer prophylaxis. However, cardiovascular toxicity associated with this drug class diminishes their clinical utility and motivates the development of safer approaches both for pain relief and cancer prevention. The terminal synthase microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) has attracted considerable attention as a potential target. Overexpression of mPGES-1 has been observed in both colorectal and breast cancers, and gene knockout and overexpression approaches have established a role for mPGES-1 in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Here we evaluate the contribution of mPGES-1 to mammary tumorigenesis using a gene knockout approach. Mice deficient in mPGES-1 were crossed with a strain in which breast cancer is driven by overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). Loss of mPGES-1 was associated with a substantial reduction in intramammary PGE2 levels, aromatase activity, and angiogenesis in mammary glands from HER2/neu transgenic mice. Consistent with these findings, we observed a significant reduction in multiplicity of tumors ≥1mm in diameter, suggesting that mPGES-1 contributes to mammary tumor growth. Our data identify mPGES-1 as a potential anti-breast cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Howe
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Louie SM, Roberts LS, Nomura DK. Mechanisms linking obesity and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1499-508. [PMID: 23470257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity in US adults has been steadily increasing over the past few decades. Many comorbidities associated with obesity have been well-established such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, more recently an epidemiological relationship between obesity and the prevalence of a variety of cancers has also been uncovered. The shift of the paradigm surrounding white adipose tissue function from purely an energy storage tissue, to one that has both endocrine and metabolic relevance, has led to several mechanisms implicated in how obesity drives cancer prevalence and cancer deaths. Currently, there are four categories into which these mechanisms fall - increased lipids and lipid signaling, inflammatory responses, insulin resistance, and adipokines. In this review, we examine each of these categories and the mechanisms through which they drive cancer pathogenesis. Understanding the relationship(s) between obesity and cancer and especially the nodal points of control in these cascades will be essential in developing effective therapeutics or interventions for combating this deadly combination. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Louie
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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Nachat-Kappes R, Pinel A, Combe K, Lamas B, Farges MC, Rossary A, Goncalves-Mendes N, Caldefie-Chezet F, Vasson MP, Basu S. Effects of enriched environment on COX-2, leptin and eicosanoids in a mouse model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51525. [PMID: 23272114 PMCID: PMC3521763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and adipokines have been implicated in breast cancer. This study investigated a possible link between COX-2 and adipokines in the development of mammary tumors. A model of environmental enrichment (EE), known to reduce tumor growth was used for a syngeneic murine model of mammary carcinoma. 3-week-old, female C57BL/6 mice were housed in standard environment (SE) or EE cages for 9 weeks and transplanted orthotopically with syngeneic EO771 adenocarcinoma cells into the right inguinal mammary fat pad. EE housing influenced mammary gland development with a decrease in COX-2 expressing cells and enhanced side-branching and advanced development of alveolar structures of the mammary gland. Tumor volume and weight were decreased in EE housed mice and were associated with a reduction in COX-2 and Ki67 levels, and an increase in caspase-3 levels. In tumors of SE mice, high COX-2 expression correlated with enhanced leptin detection. Non-tumor-bearing EE mice showed a significant increase in adiponectin levels but no change in those of leptin, F(2)-isoprostanes, PGF(2α), IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and MCP-1 levels. Both tumor-bearing groups (SE and EE housing) had increased resistin, IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1 and MCP-1 levels irrespective of the different housing environment demonstrating higher inflammatory response due to the presence of the tumor. This study demonstrates that EE housing influenced normal mammary gland development and inhibited mammary tumor growth resulting in a marked decrease in intratumoral COX-2 activity and an increase in the plasma ratio of adiponectin/leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Nachat-Kappes
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristell Combe
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean Perrin, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samar Basu
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Multifaceted roles of PGE2 in inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 35:123-37. [PMID: 22996682 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a bioactive lipid that elicits a wide range of biological effects associated with inflammation and cancer. PGE(2) exerts diverse effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune surveillance. This review concentrates primarily on gastrointestinal cancers, where the actions of PGE(2) are most prominent, most likely due to the constant exposure to dietary and environmental insults and the intrinsic role of PGE(2) in tissue homeostasis. A discussion of recent efforts to elucidate the complex and interconnected pathways that link PGE(2) signaling with inflammation and cancer is provided, supported by the abundant literature showing a protective effect of NSAIDs and the therapeutic efficacy of targeting mPGES-1 or EP receptors for cancer prevention. However, suppressing PGE(2) formation as a means of providing chemoprotection against all cancers may not ultimately be tenable, undoubtedly the situation for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Future studies to fully understand the complex role of PGE(2) in both inflammation and cancer will be required to develop novel strategies for cancer prevention that are both effective and safe.
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Barbieri SS, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Tarantino E, Zacchi E, Veglia F, Howe LR, Weksler BB, Mussoni L, Tremoli E. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin regulates arterial thrombus formation by suppressing tissue factor in a sirtuin-1-dependent-manner. Circulation 2012; 126:1373-84. [PMID: 22865892 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.097295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increase the risk of myocardial infarction and thrombotic events, but the responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombus formation was significantly greater in COX-2 knockout compared with wild-type mice. Cross-transfusion experiments excluded the likelihood that COX-2 knockout platelets, despite enhanced aggregation responses to collagen and thrombin, are responsible for increased arterial thrombus formation in COX-2 knockout mice. Importantly, we observed that COX-2 deletion decreased prostacyclin synthase and production and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression, with consequent increased upregulation of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of blood coagulation. Treatment of wild-type mice with a prostacyclin receptor antagonist or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ antagonist, which predisposes to arterial thrombosis, decreased SIRT1 expression and increased TF activity. Conversely, exogenous prostacyclin or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ agonist completely reversed the thrombotic phenotype in COX-2 knockout mice, restoring normal SIRT1 levels and reducing TF activity. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 increased TF expression and activity and promoted generation of occlusive thrombi in wild-type mice, whereas SIRT1 activation was sufficient to decrease abnormal TF activity and prothrombotic status in COX-2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of SIRT1 and hence TF by prostacyclin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ pathways not only represents a new mechanism in controlling arterial thrombus formation but also might be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in the atherothrombotic complications associated with COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Xin X, Majumder M, Girish GV, Mohindra V, Maruyama T, Lala PK. Targeting COX-2 and EP4 to control tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes in a breast cancer model. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1115-28. [PMID: 22641101 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 expression in human breast cancer stimulated cancer cell migration and invasiveness, production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and lymphangiogenesis in situ, largely from endogenous PGE2-mediated stimulation of prostaglandin E (EP)1 and EP4 receptors, presenting them as candidate therapeutic targets against lymphatic metastasis. As human breast cancer xenografts in immuno-compromised mice have limitations for preclinical testing, we developed a syngeneic murine breast cancer model of spontaneous lymphatic metastasis mimicking human and applied it for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. We tested the roles of COX-2 and EP receptors in VEGF-C and -D production by a highly metastatic COX-2 expressing murine breast cancer cell line C3L5. These cells expressed all EP receptors and produced VEGF-C and -D, both inhibited with COX-2 inhibitors or EP4 (but not EP1, EP2 or EP3) antagonists. C3H/HeJ mice, when implanted SC in both inguinal regions with C3L5 cells suspended in growth factor-reduced Matrigel, exhibited rapid tumor growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (respectively measured with CD31 and LYVE-1 immunostaining), metastasis to the inguinal and axillary lymph nodes and the lungs. Chronic oral administration of COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin, COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib and an EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, but not an EP1 antagonist ONO-8713 at nontoxic doses markedly reduced tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Residual tumors in responding mice revealed reduced VEGF-C and -D proteins, AkT phosphorylation and increased apoptotic/proliferative cell ratios consistent with blockade of EP4 signaling. We suggest that EP4 antagonists deserve clinical testing for chemo-intervention of lymphatic metastasis in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Xin
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Stromal biomarkers in breast cancer development and progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:663-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Emerging avenues linking inflammation and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2013-37. [PMID: 22391222 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in carcinogenesis has been extensively investigated and well documented. Many biochemical processes that are altered during chronic inflammation have been implicated in tumorigenesis. These include shifting cellular redox balance toward oxidative stress; induction of genomic instability; increased DNA damage; stimulation of cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis; deregulation of cellular epigenetic control of gene expression; and inappropriate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A wide array of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and matricellular proteins are closely involved in premalignant and malignant conversion of cells in a background of chronic inflammation. Inappropriate transcription of genes encoding inflammatory mediators, survival factors, and angiogenic and metastatic proteins is the key molecular event in linking inflammation and cancer. Aberrant cell signaling pathways comprising various kinases and their downstream transcription factors have been identified as the major contributors in abnormal gene expression associated with inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. The posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs also provides the molecular basis for linking inflammation to cancer. This review highlights the multifaceted role of inflammation in carcinogenesis in the context of altered cellular redox signaling.
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Conklin MW, Keely PJ. Why the stroma matters in breast cancer: insights into breast cancer patient outcomes through the examination of stromal biomarkers. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:249-60. [PMID: 22568982 PMCID: PMC3427239 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival and recurrence rates in breast cancer are variable for common diagnoses, and therefore the biological underpinnings of the disease that determine those outcomes are yet to be fully understood. As a result, translational medicine is one of the fastest growing arenas of study in tumor biology. With advancements in genetic and imaging techniques, archived biopsies can be examined for purposes other than diagnosis. There is a great deal of evidence that points to the stroma as the major regulator of tumor progression following the initial stages of tumor formation, and the stroma may also contribute to risk factors determining tumor formation. Therefore, aspects of stromal biology are well-suited to be a focus for studies of patient outcome, where statistical differences in survival among patients provide evidence as to whether that stromal component is a signpost for tumor progression. In this review we summarize the latest research done where breast cancer patient survival was correlated with aspects of stromal biology, which have been put into four categories: reorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote invasion, changes in the expression of stromal cell types, changes in stromal gene expression, and changes in cell biology signaling cascades to and from the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Conklin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, the Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Juice Augments Mammary Gland Differentiation and Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth in Mice Expressing the Unactivated c-erbB2 Transgene. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:487423. [PMID: 22619689 PMCID: PMC3351229 DOI: 10.1155/2012/487423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Morinda citrifolia (noni) is reported to have many beneficial properties, including on immune, inflammatory, quality of life, and cancer endpoints, but little is known about its ability to prevent or treat breast cancer. To test its anticancer potential, the effects of Tahitian Noni Juice (TNJ) on mammary carcinogenesis were examined in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. Mammary tumor latency, incidence, multiplicity, and metastatic incidence were unaffected by TNJ treatment, which suggests that it would not increase or decrease breast cancer risk in women taking TNJ for its other benefits. However, noni may be useful to enhance treatment responses in women with existing HER2/neu breast cancer since TNJ resulted in significant reductions in tumor weight and volume and in longer tumor doubling times in mice. Remarkably, its ability to inhibit the growth of this aggressive form of cancer occurred with the mouse equivalent of a recommended dose for humans (<3 oz/day). A 30-day treatment with TNJ also induced significant changes in mammary secondary ductule branching and lobuloalveolar development, serum progesterone levels, and estrous cycling. Additional studies investigating TNJ-induced tumor growth suppression and modified reproductive responses are needed to characterize its potential as a CAM therapy for women with and without HER2+ breast cancer.
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48
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Khalil S, Tan GA, Giri DD, Zhou XK, Howe LR. Activation status of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in normal and neoplastic breast tissues: relationship to HER2/neu expression in human and mouse. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33421. [PMID: 22457761 PMCID: PMC3311643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is strongly implicated in neoplasia, but the role of this pathway in human breast cancer has been controversial. Here, we examined Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation as a function of breast cancer progression, and tested for a relationship with HER2/neu expression, using a human tissue microarray comprising benign breast tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive carcinomas. Cores were scored for membranous ß-catenin, a key functional component of adherens junctions, and for nucleocytoplasmic ß-catenin, a hallmark of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation. Only 82% of benign samples exhibited membrane-associated ß-catenin, indicating a finite frequency of false-negative staining. The frequency of membrane positivity was similar in DCIS samples, but was significantly reduced in carcinomas (45%, P<0.001), consistent with loss of adherens junctions during acquisition of invasiveness. Negative membrane status in cancers correlated with higher grade (P = 0.04) and estrogen receptor-negative status (P = 0.03), both indices of poor prognosis. Unexpectedly, a substantial frequency of nucleocytoplasmic ß-catenin was observed in benign breast tissues (36%), similar to that in carcinomas (35%). Positive-staining basal nuclei observed in benign breast may identify putative stem cells. An increased frequency of nucleocytoplasmic ß-catenin was observed in DCIS tumors (56%), suggesting that pathway activation may be an early event in human breast neoplasia. A correlation was observed between HER2/neu expression and nucleocytoplasmic ß-catenin in node-positive carcinomas (P = 0.02). Furthermore, cytoplasmic ß-catenin was detected in HER2/neu-induced mouse mammary tumors. The Axin2NLSlacZ mouse strain, a previously validated reporter of mammary Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, was utilized to define in vivo transcriptional consequences of HER2/neu-induced ß-catenin accumulation. Discrete hyperplastic foci observed in mammary glands from bigenic MMTV/neu, Axin2NLSlacZ mice, highlighted by robust ß-catenin/TCF signaling, likely represent the earliest stage of mammary intraepithelial neoplasia in MMTV/neu mice. Our study thus provides provocative evidence for Wnt/ß-catenin signaling as an early, HER2/neu-inducible event in breast neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khalil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grace A. Tan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Louise R. Howe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mekhora C, Muangnoi C, Chingsuwanrote P, Dawilai S, Svasti S, Chasri K, Tuntipopipat S. Eryngium foetidum Suppresses Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Macrophages. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:653-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Tian J, Lambertz I, Berton TR, Rundhaug JE, Kiguchi K, Shirley SH, Digiovanni J, Conti CJ, Fischer SM, Fuchs-Young R. Transgenic insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulates activation of COX-2 signaling in mammary glands. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:973-83. [PMID: 22006370 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer; however, mechanisms through which IGF-1 promotes mammary tumorigenesis in vivo have not been fully elucidated. To assess the possible involvement of COX-2 signaling in the pro-tumorigenic effects of IGF-1 in mammary glands, we used the unique BK5.IGF-1 mouse model in which transgenic (Tg) mice have significantly increased incidence of spontaneous and DMBA-induced mammary cancer compared to wild type (WT) littermates. Studies revealed that COX-2 expression was significantly increased in Tg mammary glands and tumors, compared to age-matched WTs. Consistent with this, PGE(2) levels were also increased in Tg mammary glands. Analysis of expression of the EP receptors that mediate the effects of PGE(2) showed that among the four G-protein-coupled receptors, EP3 expression was elevated in Tg glands. Up-regulation of the COX-2/PGE(2) /EP3 pathway was accompanied by increased expression of VEGF and a striking enhancement of angiogenesis in IGF-1 Tg mammary glands. Treatment with celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, caused a 45% reduction in mammary PGE(2) levels, attenuated the influx of mast cells and reduced vascularization in Tg glands. These findings indicate that the COX-2/PGE(2) /EP3 signaling pathway is involved in IGF-1-stimulated mammary tumorigenesis and that COX-2-selective inhibitors may be useful in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer associated with elevated IGF-1 levels in humans. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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