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Pham TT, Nimptsch K, Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Wu K, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Severi G, Rothwell J, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Catalano A, Agnoli C, Masala G, De Magistris MS, Tumino R, Vermeulen R, Aizpurua A, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Chirlaque MD, Sánchez MJ, Lu SSM, Cross AJ, Christakoudi S, Weiderpass E, Pischon T. Pre-diagnostic circulating resistin concentrations and mortality among individuals with colorectal cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1596-1606. [PMID: 38200695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Resistin is a protein involved in inflammation and angiogenesis processes and may play a role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether resistin is associated with increased mortality after CRC diagnosis. We examined pre-diagnostic serum resistin concentrations in relation to CRC-specific and all-cause mortality among 1343 incident CRC cases from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. For CRC-specific mortality as the primary outcome, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from competing risk analyses based on cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models and further in sensitivity analyses using Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazards models. For all-cause mortality as the secondary outcome, Cox proportional hazards models were used. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, tumor subsite, tumor stage, body mass index and time to CRC diagnosis. Resistin was measured on a median of 4.8 years before CRC diagnosis. During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 474 deaths from CRC and 147 deaths from other causes were observed. Resistin concentrations were not associated with CRC-specific mortality (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73-1.23; Ptrend = .97; and HRper doubling of resistin concentration = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.84-1.19; P = .98) or all-cause mortality. Results from competing risk (sensitivity) analysis were similar. No associations were found in any subgroup analyses. These findings suggest no association between pre-diagnostic circulating resistin concentrations and CRC-specific or all-cause mortality among persons with CRC, and the potential insignificance of resistin in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Pham
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Hum-boldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm "Exposome and Heredity" Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Joseph Rothwell
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm "Exposome and Heredity" Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Catalano
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amaia Aizpurua
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sai San Moon Lu
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Hum-boldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility Biobank, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Taguri M, Kuchiba A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Goto A, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S. Importance of circulating leptin and adiponectin in the causal pathways between obesity and the development of colorectal cancer in Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20230148. [PMID: 38644195 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanistic associations between obesity and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, using body mass index (BMI) as an obesity indicator, we decomposed the total effects of obesity on the risk of CRC into: (1) direct effects, which are possibly mediated by unmeasured or currently unknown factors; (2) indirect effects mediated by circulating leptin and adiponectin; and (3) indirect effects that are not mediated by circulating leptin and adiponectin but by hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation (assessed via circulating connecting peptide and C-reactive protein, respectively). METHODS We adopted a causal mediation framework, using data from a large prospective cohort study of 44,271 Japanese men. RESULTS BMI was not associated with the risk of CRC due to direct and indirect effects that were not mediated by circulating leptin and adiponectin. By contrast, individuals with BMIs of 25.0-27.4 kg/m2 (risk ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.69) and ≥27.5 kg/m2 (risk ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.68) had a higher risk of CRC due to indirect effects of circulating leptin and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Our mediation analyses suggest that the association between BMI and CRC risk may be largely mediated by a pathway involving circulating leptin and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Kuchiba
- Division of Biostatistical Research, Institution for Cancer Control/Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Bouras E, Gill D, Zuber V, Murphy N, Dimou N, Aleksandrova K, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Yarmolinsky J, Albanes D, Brenner H, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Cheng I, Gruber S, Van Guelpen B, Li CI, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Pellatt A, Schmit SL, Wolk A, Wu AH, Peters U, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK. Identification of potential mediators of the relationship between body mass index and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae067. [PMID: 38725300 PMCID: PMC11082423 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most-common cancer worldwide and its rates are increasing. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for CRC, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of putative biomarkers and other CRC risk factors in the association between BMI and CRC. METHODS We selected as mediators biomarkers of established cancer-related mechanisms and other CRC risk factors for which a plausible association with obesity exists, such as inflammatory biomarkers, glucose homeostasis traits, lipids, adipokines, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), sex hormones, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, smoking, physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. We used inverse-variance weighted MR in the main univariable analyses and performed sensitivity analyses (weighted-median, MR-Egger, Contamination Mixture). We used multivariable MR for the mediation analyses. RESULTS Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with CRC risk [odds ratio per SD (5 kg/m2) = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.24, P-value = 1.4 × 10-5] and robustly associated with nearly all potential mediators. Genetically predicted IGF1, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, PA and alcohol were associated with CRC risk. Evidence for attenuation was found for IGF1 [explained 7% (95% CI: 2-13%) of the association], smoking (31%, 4-57%) and PA (7%, 2-11%). There was little evidence for pleiotropy, although smoking was bidirectionally associated with BMI and instruments were weak for PA. CONCLUSIONS The effect of BMI on CRC risk is possibly partly mediated through plasma IGF1, whereas the attenuation of the BMI-CRC association by smoking and PA may reflect confounding and shared underlying mechanisms rather than mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dipender Gill
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
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Yang Z, Guo L, Sun Y, Huang Y, Li J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Wu D, Luo Y. Investigation of the causal relationship between Interleukin-6 signaling and gastrointestinal tract cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:679-686. [PMID: 37612215 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies indicate that interleukin-6(IL-6) has been associated with gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, the causal association is still confusing. Thus, we aimed to putative the causality between IL-6 signaling and gastrointestinal tract cancers. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effects. Two groups of IL-6 signaling-related single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen from two Genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for gastrointestinal tract cancers including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, were obtained from the FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank study. We also performed survival analysis to explore the prognostic value of IL-6 in gastrointestinal tract cancers. RESULTS Genetically predicted plasma sIL6R level, which inhibits IL-6 Signaling, was associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer in FinnGen. In the combined analysis of the two sources, genetically predicted sIL6R was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.943, 95%CI: 0.904,0.983, p = 0.006). Survival analysis results indicated the prognostic value of IL-6 in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results present evidence indicating that genetically-determined reduced IL-6 signaling lowers the risk of gastric cancer, which may provide potential prevention and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer. Additionally, IL-6 may be a prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lingyun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Choi Y, Kim N. Sex Difference of Colon Adenoma Pathway and Colorectal Carcinogenesis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:256-282. [PMID: 37652658 PMCID: PMC10949019 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity in both sexes but shows sex differences. First, sex-specific differences in tumor recurrence and survival rates have been reported. For example, the development of CRC is found about 1.5 times higher and 4-8 years earlier in males compared to females, suggesting the protective role of estrogen in the disease. Furthermore, female patients have a higher risk of developing right-sided (proximal) colon cancer than male patients, which is known to have more aggressive clinical character compared to left-sided (distal) colon cancer. That is, left and right CRCs show differences in carcinogenic mechanism, that the chromosomal instability pathway is more common in left colon cancer while the microsatellite instability and serrated pathways are more common in right colon cancer. It is thought that there are sex-based differences on the background of carcinogenesis of CRC. Sex differences of CRC have two aspects, sexual dimorphism (biological differences in hormones and genes) and gender differences (non-biological differences in societal attitudes and behavior). Recently, sex difference of colon adenoma pathway and sexual dimorphism in the biology of gene and protein expression, and in endocrine cellular signaling in the CRC carcinogenesis have been accumulated. In addition, behavioral patterns can lead to differences in exposure to risk factors such as drinking or smoking, diet and physical activity. Therefore, understanding sex/gender-related biological and sociocultural differences in CRC risk will help in providing strategies for screening, treatment and prevention protocols to reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life. In this review, sex/gender differences in colon adenoma pathway and various aspects such as clinicopathological, biological, molecular, and socio-cultural aspects of CRC were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Watts EL, Moore SC, Gunter MJ, Chatterjee N. Adiposity and cancer: meta-analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.16.24302944. [PMID: 38405761 PMCID: PMC10889047 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.24302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognised risk factor for many cancers and with rising global prevalence, has become a leading cause of cancer. Here we summarise the current evidence from both population-based epidemiologic investigations and experimental studies on the role of obesity in cancer development. This review presents a new meta-analysis using data from 40 million individuals and reports positive associations with 19 cancer types. Utilising major new data from East Asia, the meta-analysis also shows that the strength of obesity and cancer associations varies regionally, with stronger relative risks for several cancers in East Asia. This review also presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer and identifies promising future research directions. These include the use of new imaging data to circumvent the methodological issues involved with body mass index and the use of omics technologies to resolve biologic mechanisms with greater precision and clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Ray I, Möller-Levet CS, Michael A, Butler-Manuel S, Chatterjee J, Tailor A, Ellis PE, Meira LB. Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38339282 PMCID: PMC10854745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of uterine cancer is linked to the escalating prevalence of obesity. Obesity results in alterations in adipocytokines and IGFs, driving cancer progression via inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition, although the precise mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined a set of six markers, namely, adiponectin, leptin, IL6, TNFα, IGF1, and IGF2 and compared them between fifty age-matched endometrial cancer patients (study group) and non-cancer patients with benign gynaecological conditions (control group). We also assessed the relationship of these markers with obesity and explored the correlation between these markers and various tumour characteristics. In the cancer population, these markers were also assessed 24 h and 6 months post-surgery. Remarkably, low adiponectin levels were associated with a 35.8% increase in endometrial cancer risk. Interestingly, compared to control subjects where IGF levels decreased after menopause, post-menopausal women in the study group showed elevated IGF1 and IGF2 levels, suggesting a potential influence of endometrial cancer on the IGF system, particularly after menopause. Lastly, it is noteworthy that a discernible inverse relationship trend was observed in the levels of adipocytokines and IGFs 6 months post-surgery. This indicates that treatment for endometrial cancer may have a differential impact on adipocytokines and IGFs, potentially holding clinical significance that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Simon Butler-Manuel
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anil Tailor
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Patricia E. Ellis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Lisiane B. Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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Pham TT, Nimptsch K, Papadimitriou N, Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Gunter MJ, Le Marchand L, Li L, Lynch BM, Castellví-Bel S, Phipps AI, Schmit SL, Brenner H, Ogino S, Giovannucci E, Pischon T. Genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14889-14900. [PMID: 37599317 PMCID: PMC10602946 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistin, a novel pro-inflammatory protein implicated in inflammatory processes, has been suggested to play a role in colorectal development. However, evidence from observational studies has been inconsistent. Mendelian randomization may be a complementary method to examine this association. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the association between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) from the SCALLOP consortium were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for resistin. CRC genetic summary data was obtained from GECCO/CORECT/CCFR (the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry), and FinnGen (Finland Biobank). The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was applied in the main analysis, and other robust methods were used as sensitivity analyses. Estimates for the association from the two data sources were then pooled using a meta-analysis approach. RESULTS Thirteen pQTLs were identified as IVs explaining together 7.80% of interindividual variation in circulating resistin concentrations. Based on MR analyses, genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations were not associated with incident CRC (pooled-IVW-OR per standard deviation of resistin, 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; p = 0.67. Restricting the analyses to using IVs within or proximal to the resistin-encoding gene (cis-IVs), or to IVs located elsewhere in the genome (trans-IVs) provided similar results. The association was not altered when stratified by sex or CRC subsites. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of a relationship between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Pham
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, Cedex 08, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine and UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Core Facility Biobank, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Macleod A, Scheurlen KM, Burton JF, Parks MA, Sumy MSA, Gaskins JT, Galandiuk S. Systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer and adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:911-921. [PMID: 37626126 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The adipokine, adiponectin, has an inverse relationship with obesity. Experimental studies have shown adiponectin to have dichotomous inflammatory and tumorigenic roles. Its role in the development of colorectal cancer, including the potential effect of its increase following bariatric surgery, is not yet clear. There are conflicting results from studies evaluating this relationship. This study sought to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between systemic adiponectin levels in patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma. METHODS An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science as well as gray literature. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Thirty-two observational studies comparing systemic adiponectin in colorectal cancer vs healthy controls were included. Colorectal cancer cases had lower systemic adiponectin levels (overall pooled mean difference = -1.05 μg/ml [95% CI: -1.99; -0.12] p = 0.03); however, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 95% p < 0.01). Subgroup and meta- regression analyses results could not identify a source of the significant heterogeneity across the studies. CONCLUSIONS Studies suggest a trend towards lower systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer patients, but the heterogeneity observed showed current evidence is not sufficient to definitively draw any conclusions. These data, however, suggest rising adiponectin is unlikely to account for the reported observation of increased CRC following bariatric surgery. Further studies with prospective age, race, and BMI-matched cohorts, and standardized adiponectin measurements may provide a better understanding of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Macleod
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Katharina M Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - James F Burton
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary Alex Parks
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mst Sharmin Akter Sumy
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeremy T Gaskins
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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10
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Walts Z, Parlato L, Brent R, Cai Q, Steinwandel M, Zheng W, Warren Andersen S. Associations of Albumin and BMI with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Southern Community Cohort Study: a Prospective Cohort Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01797-x. [PMID: 37733284 PMCID: PMC10954588 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through mechanisms of increased inflammation. Although BMI is the most used adiposity indicator, it may less accurately measure adiposity in Black populations. Herein, we investigate associations between BMI, low albumin as an inflammation biomarker, and CRC risk in a racially diverse cohort. METHODS Participant data arise from 71,141 participants of the Southern Community Cohort Study, including 724 incident CRC cases. Within the cohort, 69% are Black. Blood serum albumin concentrations, from samples taken at enrollment, were available for 235 cases and 567 controls. Controls matched by age, sex, and race were selected through incidence density sampling. Cox proportional hazards calculated BMI and CRC risk associations (hazard ratios [HRs]; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]. Conditional logistic regression calculated albumin and CRC risk associations (odds ratios [ORs]; 95%CIs). RESULTS Underweight, but not overweight or obese, compared to normal BMI was associated with increased CRC risk (HR:1.75, 95%CI:1.00-3.09). Each standard deviation increase of albumin was associated with decreased CRC risk, particularly for those who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black (OR: 0.56, 95%CI:0.34-0.91), or female (OR:0.54, 95%CI:0.30-0.98), but there was no evidence for interaction by these variables (p-interactions > 0.05). Moreover, albumin concentration was lower in Black than White participants. Mediation analysis suggested that the relation between albumin and CRC was not mediated by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Null associations of overweight/obesity with CRC risk demonstrates limited utility of BMI, especially among Black populations. Low albumin may indicate CRC risk. In Black individuals, albumin may better predict adiposity related risks than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Walts
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Suite 1007B, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Parlato
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Suite 1007B, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronni Brent
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Suite 1007B, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, WARF Office Building, Suite 1007B, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Panza S, Accattatis FM, Naimo GD, Barone I, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin: A Heavyweight Player in Obesity-Related Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1084. [PMID: 37509120 PMCID: PMC10377641 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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12
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Malinowska D, Milewski R, Żendzian-Piotrowska M. Risk factors of colorectal cancer: the comparison of selected nutritional behaviors of medical and non-medical students. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:50. [PMID: 37254180 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to compare the diet of medical and non-medical students in relation to colorectal cancer risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 239 students of various universities in Bialystok, Poland. Respondents were divided into four groups: students of dietetics at the Medical University (SD), students of other fields of study at the Medical University (SMUB), students of the University of Technology (SBUT) and students of the University of Bialystok (SUB). The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire in an electronic form, designed by the authors of this paper. RESULTS Overweight was the least common among students of dietetics. Products that may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer were most frequently consumed by students of non-medical universities. Everyday consumption of processed meat products was declared by 2.08% of SD, 24.00% of SMUB, 16.13% of SBUT and 25.93% of SUB. Red meat was consumed several times a week or every day by 25% of SD, 25.33% of SMUB, 48.39% of SBUT and 35.19% of SUB. Fast-food meals consumption once or several times a week was confirmed by 4.17% of SD, 18.67% of SMUB, 27.42% of SBUT and 38.89% of SUB. CONCLUSION The study conducted shows that students expose themselves to colorectal cancer risk factors through their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malinowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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13
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Ibrahim MK, Simon TG, Rinella ME. Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nonhepatocellular Cancers. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:251-273. [PMID: 37024206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in individuals without significant alcohol consumption, including isolated steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. The overall global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 30%, and the associated clinical and economic burden will continue to increase. NAFLD is a multisystemic disease with established links to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and intra- and extrahepatic malignancies. In this article the authors review the potential mechanisms and current evidence for the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers and the resultant impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam K Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Rinella
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; University of Chicago Hospitals.
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14
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Pham TT, Nimptsch K, Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Reichmann R, Wu K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Schulze MB, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Palli D, Pasanisi F, Ricceri F, Tumino R, Krogh V, Roodhart J, Castilla J, Sánchez MJ, Colorado-Yohar SM, Harbs J, Rutegård M, Papier K, Aglago EK, Dimou N, Mayen-Chacon AL, Weiderpass E, Pischon T. Pre-Diagnostic Circulating Resistin Concentrations Are Not Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5499. [PMID: 36428592 PMCID: PMC9688251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a polypeptide implicated in inflammatory processes, and as such could be linked to colorectal carcinogenesis. In case-control studies, higher resistin levels have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to healthy individuals. However, evidence for the association between pre-diagnostic resistin and CRC risk is scarce. We investigated pre-diagnostic resistin concentrations and CRC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition using a nested case-control study among 1293 incident CRC-diagnosed cases and 1293 incidence density-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models controlled for matching factors (age, sex, study center, fasting status, and women-related factors in women) and potential confounders (education, dietary and lifestyle factors, body mass index (BMI), BMI-adjusted waist circumference residuals) were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC. Higher circulating resistin concentrations were not associated with CRC (RR per doubling resistin, 1.11; 95% CI 0.94-1.30; p = 0.22). There were also no associations with CRC subgroups defined by tumor subsite or sex. However, resistin was marginally associated with a higher CRC risk among participants followed-up maximally two years, but not among those followed-up after more than two years. We observed no substantial correlation between baseline circulating resistin concentrations and adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference), adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), or metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, C-peptide, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reactive oxygen metabolites) among controls. In this large-scale prospective cohort, there was little evidence of an association between baseline circulating resistin concentrations and CRC risk in European men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Thi Pham
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Robin Reichmann
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico Ii University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C-BEPH), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanine Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Navarra Public Health Institute—IdiSNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Milena Colorado-Yohar
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Justin Harbs
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayen-Chacon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Biobank, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Gomes S, Teixeira-Guedes C, Silva E, Baltazar F, Preto A. Colon microbiota modulation by dairy-derived diet: new strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:9183-9194. [PMID: 35996962 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An unbalanced diet is one of the well-known risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This type of cancer is currently the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, urging the need for new and more effective preventive and therapeutic approaches. It is already known that CRC patients have alterations in the microbial community and metabolism. In this regard, a concept that has been recently attracting the attention of the scientific community is the development of functional food or nutraceuticals, as a new and more effective strategy to overcome CRC patient-associated dysbiosis. Particularly, dairy product enriched diets are the major dairy source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and folate intake, which are well-known to have a protective effect against CRC development. In addition, these products are rich in both pre- and probiotics, constituting a double strategy to modulate both the intestinal microbiota composition and the production of microbial metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), namely, acetate, butyrate, and propionate, are major contributors to colonic homeostasis since they regulate several biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we performed a state of art study concerning the use of dietary patterns, specifically the dairy-derived diet, in the modulation of the human microbiota and their potential use as pre-, pro- or synbiotics for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University (BU), London, UK
| | - Catarina Teixeira-Guedes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás dos Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University (BU), London, UK
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology. Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,IBS - Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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16
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Zeng Y, Cao R, Tao Z, Gao Y. Association between the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the risk of colorectal neoplasm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:52. [PMID: 35668493 PMCID: PMC9172084 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) reportedly plays a part in the etiology of colorectal tumors. However, there is no consensus. Methods Studies relevant with the impact of MAFLD severity on the risk of colorectal neoplasms published before 24th April 2022 were screened. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was obtained using standard and cumulative meta-analyses. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were carried out to identify heterogeneity. Results Fourteen studies with data from 37,824 MAFLD patients were included. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms escalated with the progression of MAFLD compared to simple steatosis (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.42–2.62). The magnitude and direction of the effect on these outcomes remained largely constant over time. Even after limiting the meta-analysis to 8 studies with available adjusted OR (aOR), the findings still suggested that MAFLD severity was positively related to colorectal neoplasms (aOR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.02–4.53). Severe MAFLD was more likely to cause left colon tumors (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.16–6.91) than right colon neoplasms (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.15–3.28). Conclusion The severity of MAFLD was independently related to colorectal neoplasms and severe MAFLD was more likely to cause left colon tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01659-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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17
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The Role of the Adipokine Resistin in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040920. [PMID: 35453670 PMCID: PMC9028191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a civilization disease associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some malignancies. The results concerning the relationship between obesity and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are inconclusive. The higher incidence of neoplasms in obese subjects has led to the development of the adipokine hypothesis. Omental adipocyte cells interact with cancer cells, promoting their migration and metastasis via the secretion of adipokines, growth factors, and hormones. One of the adipokines is resistin. It was shown in vitro that resistin stimulates the growth and differentiation of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, it increases the level of angiogenesis factors, e.g., matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, resistin induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in EOC cell lines. A positive correlation has been shown between a higher level of resistin expression and the stage of histological differentiation of EOC or the occurrence of lymph node metastases. In addition, the overexpression of resistin has been found to act as an independent factor determining disease-free survival as well as overall survival in EOC patients. Growing evidence supports the finding that resistin plays an important role in some mechanisms leading to the progression of EOC, though this issue still requires further research.
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18
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Aziz MA, Akter T, Sarwar MS, Islam MS. The first combined meta‐analytic approach for elucidating the relationship of circulating resistin levels and RETN gene polymorphisms with colorectal and breast cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that circulating resistin levels are altered in colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Again, polymorphisms in resistin-encoding gene RETN have been evaluated in CRC and BC. However, there is a scarcity of data establishing the relationship of resistin and RETN polymorphisms (rs1862513 and rs3745367) with these cancers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of resistin levels and RETN polymorphisms with CRC and BC in a combined meta-analytic approach.
Main body of the abstract
After a comprehensive online literature search, screening and eligibility check, 41 articles (31 with resistin level and 10 with RETN polymorphisms) were retrieved for meta-analyses. The mean difference (MD) of resistin was calculated and pooled to investigate the effect sizes with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and the connection of genetic polymorphisms was analyzed with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. The analysis showed that resistin level is significantly higher in CRC (MD = 3.39) and BC (MD = 3.91) patients. Subgroup analysis in CRC showed significantly higher resistin in serum (MD = 4.61) and plasma (MD = 0.34), and in BC, a significantly elevated resistin level was reported in premenopausal (MD = 7.82) and postmenopausal (MD = 0.37) patients. Again, RETN rs1862513 showed a significantly strong association with CRC (codominant 1—OR 1.24, codominant 2—OR 1.31, dominant model—OR 1.25, and allele model—OR 1.16) and with BC (codominant 2—OR 1.51, codominant 3—OR 1.51, recessive model—OR 1.51, and allele model—OR 1.21). RETN rs3745367 did not show any association with these cancers.
Short conclusion
Overall, our analysis indicates that higher circulating resistin levels are associated with an elevated risk of CRC and premenopausal and postmenopausal BC. Besides, rs1862513 in RETN gene is significantly connected with both CRC and BC.
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Dashti SG, Simpson JA, Viallon V, Karahalios A, Moreno‐Betancur M, Brasky T, Pan K, Rohan TE, Shadyab AH, Thomson CA, Wild RA, Wassertheil‐Smoller S, Ho GYF, Strickler HD, English DR, Gunter MJ. Adiposity and breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Quantification of the mediating effects of leptin, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, and estradiol. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1145-1159. [PMID: 35048536 PMCID: PMC8855919 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the adiposity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. We quantified the mediating roles of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, fasting insulin, and estradiol in the effect of adiposity on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS We used a case-cohort study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, analyzed as a cumulative sampling case-control study. The study included 188 breast cancer cases, 98 endometrial cancer cases, 193 colorectal cancer cases, and 285 controls. Interventional indirect and direct effects on the risk ratio (RR) scale were estimated using causal mediation analysis. RESULTS For breast cancer, the total effect RR for BMI ≥30 versus ≥18.5-<25 kg/m2 was 1.87 (95%CI,1.11-3.13). The indirect effect RRs were 1.38 (0.79-2.33) through leptin and CRP, 1.58 (1.17-2.43) through insulin, and 1.11 (0.98-1.30) through estradiol. The direct effect RR was 0.82 (0.39-1.68). For endometrial cancer, the total effect RR was 2.12 (1.12-4.00). The indirect effect RRs were 1.72 (0.85-3.98) through leptin and CRP, 1.42 (0.96-2.26) through insulin, and 1.24 (1.03-1.65) through estradiol. The direct effect RR was 0.70 (0.23-2.04). For colorectal cancer, the total effect RR was 1.70 (1.03-2.79). The indirect effect RRs were 1.04 (0.61-1.72) through leptin and CRP, 1.36 (1.00-1.88) through insulin, and 1.02 (0.88-1.17) through estradiol. The direct effect RR was 1.16 (0.58-2.43). CONCLUSION Leptin, CRP, fasting insulin, and estradiol appear to mediate the effect of high BMI on cancer risk to different extents, with likely varying degrees of importance between cancers. These insights might be important in developing interventions to modify obesity-associated cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghazaleh Dashti
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics UnitMurdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Julie A. Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)LyonFrance
| | - Amalia Karahalios
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Margarita Moreno‐Betancur
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics UnitMurdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics UnitDepartment of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Theodore Brasky
- The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kathy Pan
- Hematology/OncologyKaiser Permanente DowneyDowneyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoUSA
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Health Promotion SciencesMel & Enid Zickerman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Robert A. Wild
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics and EpidemiologyOklahoma University Health Sciences CentreOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Gloria Y. F. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Dallas R. English
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)LyonFrance
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20
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He B, Zhao J, Zhang M, Yin L, Quan Z, Ou Y, Huang W. Causal roles of circulating adiponectin in osteoporosis and cancers. Bone 2022; 155:116266. [PMID: 34844025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin has some association with the risk of osteoporosis and cancers, but their causal relationships remains elusive. Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to explore the causal roles of circulating adiponectin in osteoporosis and cancers by using genome-wide association studies (GWASs) associated with circulating adiponectin, osteoporosis and cancers. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instrumental variables for circulating adiponectin. Genetic predisposition to high circulating adiponectin was strongly associated with low femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD, beta-estimate: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.023 to -0.006, SE: 0.004, P-value = 0.001), low forearm BMD (FA-BMD, beta-estimate: -0.027, 95% CI: -0.050 to -0.004, SE: 0.012, P-value = 0.023) and increased risk of breast cancer (beta-estimate: 0.011, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.022, SE: 0.005, P-value = 0.031). There was limited evidence of the associations between circulating adiponectin and other outcomes (i.e. lumbar spine BMD [LS-BMD], colorectal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, bone cancer and prostate cancer). This study provides robust evidence that high circulating adiponectin is causally associated with low FN-BMD, low FA-BMD and increased risk of breast cancer, which may provide new insight to prevent and treat osteoporosis and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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21
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Jung SY, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Papp JC. Synergistic Effects of Genetic Variants of Glucose Homeostasis and Lifelong Exposures to Cigarette Smoking, Female Hormones, and Dietary Fat Intake on Primary Colorectal Cancer Development in African and Hispanic/Latino American Women. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760243. [PMID: 34692549 PMCID: PMC8529283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in cancer genomic science exist among racial/ethnic minorities. Particularly, African American (AA) and Hispanic/Latino American (HA) women, the 2 largest minorities, are underrepresented in genetic/genome-wide studies for cancers and their risk factors. We conducted on AA and HA postmenopausal women a genomic study for insulin resistance (IR), the main biologic mechanism underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis owing to obesity. METHODS With 780 genome-wide IR-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 4,692 AA and 1,986 HA women, we constructed a CRC-risk prediction model. Along with these SNPs, we incorporated CRC-associated lifestyles in the model of each group and detected the topmost influential genetic and lifestyle factors. Further, we estimated the attributable risk of the topmost risk factors shared by the groups to explore potential factors that differentiate CRC risk between these groups. RESULTS In both groups, we detected IR-SNPs in PCSK1 (in AA) and IFT172, GCKR, and NRBP1 (in HA) and risk lifestyles, including long lifetime exposures to cigarette smoking and endogenous female hormones and daily intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA), as the topmost predictive variables for CRC risk. Combinations of those top genetic- and lifestyle-markers synergistically increased CRC risk. Of those risk factors, dietary PFA intake and long lifetime exposure to female hormones may play a key role in mediating racial disparity of CRC incidence between AA and HA women. CONCLUSIONS Our results may improve CRC risk prediction performance in those medically/scientifically underrepresented groups and lead to the development of genetically informed interventions for cancer prevention and therapeutic effort, thus contributing to reduced cancer disparities in those minority subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric M. Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jeanette C. Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Jung SY. Genetic Signatures of Glucose Homeostasis: Synergistic Interplay With Long-Term Exposure to Cigarette Smoking in Development of Primary Colorectal Cancer Among African American Women. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00412. [PMID: 34608882 PMCID: PMC8500576 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR)/glucose intolerance is a critical biologic mechanism for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in postmenopausal women. Whereas IR and excessive adiposity are more prevalent in African American (AA) women than in White women, AA women are underrepresented in genome-wide studies for systemic regulation of IR and the association with CRC risk. METHODS With 780 genome-wide IR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 4,692 AA women, we tested for a causal inference between genetically elevated IR and CRC risk. Furthermore, by incorporating CRC-associated lifestyle factors, we established a prediction model on the basis of gene-environment interactions to generate risk profiles for CRC with the most influential genetic and lifestyle factors. RESUTLS In the pooled Mendelian randomization analysis, the genetically elevated IR was associated with 9 times increased risk of CRC, but with lack of analytic power. By addressing the variation of individual SNPs in CRC in the prediction model, we detected 4 fasting glucose-specific SNPs in GCK, PCSK1, and MTNR1B and 4 lifestyles, including smoking, aging, prolonged lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, and high fat intake, as the most predictive markers of CRC risk. Our joint test for those risk genotypes and lifestyles with smoking revealed the synergistically increased CRC risk, more substantially in women with longer-term exposure to cigarette smoking. DISCUSSION Our findings may improve CRC prediction ability among medically underrepresented AA women and highlight genetically informed preventive interventions (e.g., smoking cessation; CRC screening to longer-term smokers) for those women at high risk with risk genotypes and behavioral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; and
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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23
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Wang Y, Li J, Fu X, Li J, Liu L, Alkohlani A, Tan SC, Low TY, Hou Y. Association of circulating leptin and adiponectin levels with colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101958. [PMID: 34020315 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines which have been commonly implicated in carcinogenesis. As such, many studies have investigated the association of circulating leptin and adiponectin levels with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the results remained inconsistent. METHODS In this work, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to precisely examine the association between circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin and CRC risk. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from inception until October 2020. The pooled effect size was then estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS A total of 23 records (comprising 26 studies) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis found that circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin were not significantly associated with CRC risk (P > 0.05). Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that a higher level of adiponectin was significantly associated with an increased CRC risk among overweight individuals (OR = 1.16; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.32), and a decreased CRC risk among normal weight individuals (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.62, 0.92). Besides, a higher level of adiponectin was also significantly associated with a decreased risk of CRC in men (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.59, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, circulating leptin level was not associated with CRC risk, but that of adiponectin was associated with CRC risk only in specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Junyong Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Xiaolin Fu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China
| | | | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 510100, China.
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Association between pre-diagnostic circulating adipokines and colorectal cancer and adenoma in the CLUE II cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:871-881. [PMID: 33999316 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenoma. Obese individuals have higher circulating concentrations of certain endocrine and immune factors produced by adipocytes thought to partially underlie the association between obesity and colorectal neoplasia. Thus, we evaluated the association of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNFR2) with CRC and adenoma. METHODS We ascertained 193 CRC cases and 193 matched controls, and 131 colorectal adenoma cases and 131 matched controls who had had an endoscopy nested in the CLUE II cohort of Washington County, MD. Plasma markers were measured using ELISA. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from conditional logistic regression for quartiles of the plasma markers separately for CRC and adenoma. RESULTS Adjusting for leptin and adiponectin, sTNFR2 was positively associated with CRC only in men (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.11-8.86), which was unchanged adjusting for BMI (3.46, 95% CI 1.19-10.06). Leptin and adiponectin were not associated with CRC risk overall or in men or women. Adiponectin, leptin, and sTNFR2 were not associated with adenoma risk overall or in men or women. CONCLUSION In this study, leptin and adiponectin were not associated with colorectal carcinogenesis and thus do not appear to underlie the association between obesity and colorectal carcinogenesis. sTNFR2, which we measured as a correlate of TNF-α, was positively associated with CRC in men adjusting for BMI, suggesting that TNF-α may influence colorectal carcinogenesis independent of adipocyte production.
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25
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Chae H, Yang HJ, Park SK, Jung YS, Park JH, Park DI, Sohn CI. Metabolically Healthy Obesity Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Colorectal Adenoma Occurrence Diagnosed by Surveillance Colonoscopy. Gut Liver 2021; 15:383-390. [PMID: 32616681 PMCID: PMC8129661 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The risk of recurrence of colorectal adenoma among obese individuals without metabolic abnormalities or in those with metabolically healthy obesity is largely unexplored. Therefore, we longitudinally investigated the risk of adenoma occurrence in individuals undergoing surveillance colonoscopy according to metabolic status and obesity. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 16,872 Korean adults who underwent their first screening colonoscopy between 2003 and 2012 and who then underwent follow-up colonoscopy until 2017. Participants were categorized into a metabolically healthy nonobese group (reference group), a metabolically healthy obese group, a metabolically abnormal nonobese group, and a metabolically abnormal obese group. Hazard ratios (HRs) for adenoma recurrence compared to the reference group were calculated in each group. Results During a median follow-up duration of 47.3 months (interquartile range, 35.6 to 58.9 months), 3,673 (21.8%) and 292 (1.73%) participants developed adenoma and advanced adenoma, respectively. When age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of colorectal cancer, and baseline adenoma risk were adjusted, the risk of adenoma recurrence was increased in metabolically healthy obese individuals (HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.57) and metabolically abnormal obese individuals (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.30) but not in metabolically abnormal nonobese individuals (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.13). Conclusions In this study, metabolically healthy obese individuals and metabolically abnormal obese individuals exhibited increased risks of occurrence of colorectal adenoma diagnosed by surveillance colonoscopy. This finding implies that obesity itself, even without metabolic abnormalities, is associated with an increased risk of adenoma recurrence. (Gut Liver 2021;15-390)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbeom Chae
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Joon Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang J, Zhou F, Li F, Wang B, Hu Y, Li X. Autocrined leptin promotes proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via PI3K/AKT and p53 pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:568. [PMID: 33987266 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating leptin can directly act on tumor cells. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that plasma leptin concentration had no significant effect on the survival of lung cancer patients. So does Leptin have an effect on lung cancer? Or there may be other factors that influence the effect. Methods Genome sequencing database Oncomine was searched to learn the differential expression of leptin between tumors and normal lungs. Fresh tumor specimens and paired normal lung tissue from six lung adenocarcinoma patients were collected, and validate the expression level of leptin. Clinicopathological information and tumor slices from 60 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic value of autocrined leptin. Whole genome sequencing data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) was analyzed to predict the underlying mechanism of leptin regulating tumor proliferation. Finally, these findings were confirmed by using cell lines H1299, A549, H460, and H322 to explore the promoting effect and mechanism of leptin on cell proliferation in vitro. Results Five datasets in Oncomine reported the expression of the LEP gene in NSCLC, and 4 datasets showed that leptin was up-regulated in tumors compared with normal lungs. Leptin was also overexpressed in 5 out of 6 clinical lung adenocarcinoma specimens. The analysis of the 60 NSCLC patients revealed that autocrined leptin could serve as an auxiliary prognostic factor, and a higher expression of leptin indicated a higher survival risk. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was positively enriched when the LEP gene was highly expressed, while the P53 signaling pathway was negatively enriched. Leptin promoted cell cycle and clone formation in H1299 and A549 cells, up-regulation or down-regulation of leptin in these two cell lines led to enhanced or declined proliferation. Finally, it was confirmed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was positively regulated by leptin expression, while the P53 signaling pathway was negatively regulated. Conclusions Autocrined leptin was observed in majority of NSCLC tissue, which could serve as an auxiliary prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. Autocrined leptin had a promoting effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells, which probably positively regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and negatively regulate the P53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fachen Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiying Hu
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Dimou NL, Papadimitriou N, Mariosa D, Johansson M, Brennan P, Peters U, Chanock SJ, Purdue M, Bishop DT, Gago‐Dominquez M, Giles GG, Moreno V, Platz EA, Tangen CM, Wolk A, Zheng W, Wu X, Campbell PT, Giovannucci E, Lin Y, Gunter MJ, Murphy N. Circulating adipokine concentrations and risk of five obesity-related cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1625-1636. [PMID: 33038280 PMCID: PMC7894468 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory state characterized by continued secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Experimental and epidemiological evidence indicates that circulating adipokines may be associated with the development of obesity-related cancers, but it is unclear if these associations are causal or confounded. We examined potential causal associations of specific adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor [sOB-R] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]) with five obesity-related cancers (colorectal, pancreatic, renal cell carcinoma [RCC], ovarian and endometrial) using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. We used summary-level data from large genetic consortia for 114 530 cancer cases and 245 284 controls. We constructed genetic instruments using 18 genetic variants for adiponectin, 2 for leptin and 4 for both sOB-R and PAI-1 (P value for inclusion<5 × 10-8 ). Causal estimates were obtained using two-sample MR methods. In the inverse-variance weighted models, we found an inverse association between adiponectin and risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio per 1 μg/mL increment in adiponectin concentration: 0.90 [95% confidence interval = 0.84-0.97]; P = .01); but, evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected and the association was not present when this was taken into consideration. No association was found for adiponectin and risks of pancreatic cancer, RCC, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Leptin, sOB-R and PAI-1 were also similarly unrelated to risk of obesity-related cancers. Despite the large sample size, our MR analyses do not support causal effects of circulating adiponectin, leptin, sOB-R and PAI-1 concentrations on the development of five obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki L. Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Manuela Gago‐Dominquez
- Fundación Gallega de Medicina Genómica, Grupo de Genéticadel CáncerInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago IDISComplejo Hospitalario Univ. Santiago‐CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Precision MedicineSchool of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology‐IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y SaludPública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of EpidemiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Precision Health and Data Science, School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Peter T. Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer SocietyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionT.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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Wendler E, Malafaia O, Ariede BL, Ribas-Filho JM, Czeczko NG, Nassif PAN. COULD THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL ALTERATIONS PROMOTED BY ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS EXPLAIN HIGHER TENDENCY FOR COLONIC DISEASES IN BARIATRIC PATIENTS? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 33:e1570. [PMID: 33759960 PMCID: PMC7983526 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200004e1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67 in ascending colon: A) experiment and B) control. Intestinal diversions have revolutionized the treatment of morbid obesity due to its viability and sustained response. However, experimental studies suggest, after these derivations, a higher risk of colon cancer. AIM To analyze the histological and immunohistological changes that the jejunojejunal shunt can produce in the jejunum, ileum and ascending colon. METHOD Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, control (n=12) and experiment (n=12) and subdivided into groups of four. Nine weeks after the jejunojejunal shunt, segmental resection of the excluded jejunum, terminal ileum and ascending colon was performed. Histological analysis focused on the thickness of the mucosa, height of the villi, depth of the crypts and immunohistochemistry in the expression of Ki-67 and p53. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the experiment and control groups in relation to the thickness of the mucosa in the jejunum (p=0.011), in the ileum (p<0.001) and in the colon (p=0.027). There was also a significant difference in relation to the height of the villus in the ileum (p<0.001) and the depth of the crypts in the jejunum (p0.001). The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the groups regarding the expression of Ki-67 in the colon (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the expression of Ki-67 in the jejunum and ileum. In the P53 evaluation, negative nuclear staining was found in all cases. CONCLUSION The jejunojejunal deviation performed in the Roux-in-Y gastrojejunal bypass, predispose epithelial proliferative effects, causing an increase in the thickness of the mucosa, height of the villi and depth of the crypts of the jejunum, ileum and ascending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Wendler
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Luiz Ariede
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Nunes Nassif
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Farahani H, Mahmoudi T, Asadi A, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Hamta A. Insulin Resistance and Colorectal Cancer Risk: the Role of Elevated Plasma Resistin Levels. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:478-483. [PMID: 31168777 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the important role of resistin in insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, as well as the associations between both IR and obesity and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated whether plasma resistin levels were associated with CRC risk. Furthermore, the possible correlations between resistin and insulin, IR, and obesity in patients with CRC and controls were explored. METHODS This study was conducted as a case-control study and 170 subjects, including 88 controls and 82 cases with CRC, were enrolled and their plasma levels of glucoe, insulin, and resistin were measured using glucose oxidase or ELISA methods. Moreover, IR was calculated according to HOMA-IR index. RESULTS The cases with CRC had a higher HOMA-IR than the controls (1.8 ± 0.4 versus 1.4 ± 0.3, P < 0.001). Additionally, after the stratification of the cases with CRC by tumor site, higher levels of resistin and insulin, and a higher HOMA-IR in the cases with rectal cancer than in the controls were observed (resistin 5.9 ± 1.2 versus 5.4 ± 1.3, P = 0.043; insulin 5.9 ± 1.2 versus 5.4 ± 1.3, P = 0.039; HOMA- IR 1.9 ± 0.4 versus 1.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.001). Furthermore, resistin was positively correlated with insulin in the controls (r = 0.737, P < 0.001), the cases with CRC (r = 0.881, P < 0.001), the cases with colon cancer (r = 0.811, P < 0.001), and the cases with rectal cancer (r = 0.990, P < 0.001). All these differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study reinforce the hypothesis that higher plasma levels of resistin in connection with insulin resistance play a role in susceptibility to colorectal, notably rectal, cancer. Nevertheless, further studies with bigger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Farahani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Alqadir Boulevard, 3736175513, Qom, Iran.
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Hamta
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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31
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Caprara G. Mediterranean-Type Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity: The Winning Combination to Counteract the Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020429. [PMID: 33525638 PMCID: PMC7910909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their burden is expected to rise in the future, especially in less developed economies and among the poor spread across middle- and high-income countries. Indeed, the treatment and prevention of these pathologies constitute a crucial challenge for public health. The major non-communicable diseases share four modifiable behavioral risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco usage and excess of alcohol consumption. Therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, which include not excessive alcohol intake, no smoking, a healthy diet and regular physical activity, represents a crucial and economical strategy to counteract the global NCDs burden. This review summarizes the latest evidence demonstrating that Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and physical activity are, alone and in combination, key interventions to both prevent and control the rise of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy
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32
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Michels N, van Aart C, Morisse J, Mullee A, Huybrechts I. Chronic inflammation towards cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 157:103177. [PMID: 33264718 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis provides epidemiological data on the relationship between chronic inflammation, as measured by inflammatory blood parameters, and cancer incidence. Two independent researchers searched PubMed, Web Of Science and Embase databases until October 2020. In vitro studies, animal studies, studies with chronically-ill subjects or cross-sectional studies were excluded. Quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The 59 nested case-control, 6 nested case-cohort and 42 prospective cohort studies considered 119 different inflammatory markers (top three: CRP, fibrinogen and IL6) and 26 cancer types (top five: colorectal, lung, breast, overall and prostate cancer). Nineteen meta-analyses resulted in ten significant positive associations: CRP-breast (OR = 1.23[1.05-1.43];HR = 1.14[1.01-1.28)), CRP-colorectal (OR = 1.34[1.11-1.60]), CRP-lung (HR = 2.03[1.59-2.60]), fibrinogen-lung (OR = 2.56[1.86-3.54]), IL6-lung (OR = 1.41[1.12-1.78]), CRP-ovarian (OR = 1.41[1.10-1.80]), CRP-prostate (HR = 1.09[1.03-1.15]), CRP-overall (HR = 1.35[1.16-1.57]) and fibrinogen-overall (OR = 1.22[1.07-1.39]). Study quality improvements can be done by better verification of inflammatory status (more than one baseline measurement of one parameter), adjusting for important confounders and ensuring long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Carola van Aart
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jens Morisse
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Amy Mullee
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
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Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607909. [PMID: 33363037 PMCID: PMC7759153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abancens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Bustos
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile
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Mhaidat NM, Alzoubi KH, Kubas MA, Banihani MN, Hamdan N, Al-Jaberi TM. High levels of leptin and non-high molecular weight-adiponectin in patients with colorectal cancer: Association with chemotherapy and common genetic polymorphisms. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 33235728 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Leptin and adiponectin are hormones produced by adipose tissues, which exhibit opposing effects on tumor growth. Leptin promotes tumor development and metastasis, whereas adiponectin attenuates this. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible association between leptin and adiponectin [both high molecular weight (HMW) and non-HMW factions] levels with CRC, CRC response to chemotherapy, and to study the relationship between LEPR (rs6588147), ADIPO (rs266729), LEP (rs2167270), and ADIPO (rs822369) polymorphisms and CRC. A total of 32 blood samples collected from CRC patients were analyzed to identify the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and the presence of CRC related polymorphisms. A total of 25 healthy subjects were recruited in the control group. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were detected using ELISA whereas DNA from patients and controls was amplified and analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The results showed that the levels of leptin and non-HMW adiponectin were significantly higher in CRC patients compared with the controls (P<0.05). In addition, HMW adiponectin was significantly higher in patients receiving chemotherapy. The association between LEPR (rs6588147), ADIPO (rs266729), LEP (rs2167270) and ADIPO (rs822369) polymorphisms and CRC was not significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, higher leptin and non-HMW adiponectin levels may be associated with increased CRC. Chemotherapy may positively influence the levels of HMW adiponectin. No association between LEPR (rs6588147), ADIPO (rs266729), LEP (rs2167270) and ADIPO (rs822369) polymorphisms with CRC was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar M Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Kubas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed N Banihani
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Naser Hamdan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Al-Jaberi
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Jung SY, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Pellegrini M, Yu H, Zhang ZF. Pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms in ONECUT2 and HNF4A and primary colorectal carcinoma: a post genome-wide gene-lifestyle interaction study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2955-2976. [PMID: 33042629 PMCID: PMC7539781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related molecular and genetic pathways that are connected to colorectal cancer (CRC) and lifestyles in postmenopausal women are incompletely characterized. In this study, we examined the role of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in those pathways. Through selection of the best predictive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyles, our goal was to improve the prediction accuracy and ability for CRC risk. Using large cohort data of postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, we previously conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) for a CRP and IL-6 gene-behavioral interaction study. For the present study, we added GWA-SNPs from outside GWA studies, resulting in a total of 152 SNPs. Together with 41 selected lifestyles, we performed a 2-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction approach to construct CRC risk profiles. Overall and in obesity strata (by body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, exercise, and dietary fat intake), we identified the best predictive genetic markers in inflammatory cytokines and lifestyles. Across the strata, 2 SNPs (ONECUT2 rs4092465 and HNF4A rs1800961) and 1 lifestyle factor (relatively short-term past use of oral contraceptives) were the most common and strongest predictive markers for CRC risk. The risk profile that combined those variables exhibited synergistically increased risk for CRC; this pattern appeared more strongly in obese and inactive subgroups. Our results may contribute to improved predictability for CRC and suggest genetically targeted lifestyle interventions for women carrying the inflammatory-risk genotypes, reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Division, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lin J, Xie Z, Lan B, Guo Z, Tang WF, Liu C, Zhang S, Chen G, Guo F, Chen Y. Investigation of Leptin and its receptor ( LEPR) for single nucleotide polymorphisms in colorectal cancer: a case-control study involving 2,306 subjects. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3613-3628. [PMID: 32774722 PMCID: PMC7407677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for leptin (LEP) and its receptor (LEPR) might regulate energy balance and be implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present investigation, 1,003 CRC cases and 1,303 matched controls was compared. Five functional SNPs in LEP and LEPR genes were chosen to evaluate the correlation of these chosen SNPs with CRC susceptibility. We used the SNPscanTM genotyping assay to genotype LEP and LEPR SNPs. A significantly decreased risk of CRC was found to be associated with the LEPR rs6588147 polymorphism (GA vs. GG: crude P=0.007 and GA/AA vs. GG: crude P=0.018). With adjustments for risk factors (e.g. age, gender, drinking, BMI and smoking), these associations were not changed. In subgroup analyses, the association of LEP rs2167270 with a decreased risk of CRC was found in the ≥61 years old subgroup. For LEPR rs1137100, the association of this SNP with an increased susceptibility of CRC was found in the BMI <24 kg/m2 subgroup. In subgroup analyses for LEPR rs6588147, we identified that this locus also decreased the susceptibility of CRC in the male subgroup, <61 years old subgroup, never smoking subgroup and never drinking subgroup. For LEPR rs1137101, the relationship of this polymorphism with a decreased susceptibility to CRC was found in the never drinking subgroup. In summary, the present study highlights that LEPR rs6588147, rs1137101 and LEP rs2167270 may decrease the risk of CRC. However, LEPR rs1137100 is associated with susceptibility to CRC. Further case-control studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dong Chuan Rd, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengqing Guo
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer MedicineFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou, No. 3 People’s HospitalChangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer MedicineFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dong Chuan Rd, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dong Chuan Rd, Minhang, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Browman G, Siu W, Basen-Engquist KM, Hanash SM, Hoffman KL, Okhuysen PC, Scheet P, Petrosino JF, Kopetz S, Daniel CR. The BE GONE trial study protocol: a randomized crossover dietary intervention of dry beans targeting the gut microbiome of overweight and obese patients with a history of colorectal polyps or cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1233. [PMID: 31852462 PMCID: PMC6921460 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse and human studies support the promise of dry beans to improve metabolic health and to lower cancer risk. In overweight/obese patients with a history of colorectal polyps or cancer, the Beans to Enrich the Gut microbiome vs. Obesity's Negative Effects (BE GONE) trial will test whether and how an increase in the consumption of pre-cooked, canned dry beans within the context of usual diet and lifestyle can enhance the gut landscape to improve metabolic health and reduce cancer risk. METHODS/DESIGN This randomized crossover trial is designed to characterize changes in (1) host markers spanning lipid metabolism, inflammation, and obesity-related cancer risk; (2) compositional and functional profiles of the fecal microbiome; and (3) host and microbial metabolites. With each subject serving as their own control, the trial will compare the participant's usual diet with (intervention) and without (control) dry beans. Canned, pre-cooked dry beans are provided to participants and the usual diet continually assessed and monitored. Following a 4-week run-in and equilibration period, each participant provides a total of 5 fasting blood and 6 stool samples over a total period of 16 weeks. The intervention consists of a 2-week ramp-up of dry bean intake to 1 cup/d, which is then continued for an additional 6 weeks. Intra- and inter-individual outcomes are assessed across each crossover period with consideration of the joint or modifying effects of the usual diet and baseline microbiome. DISCUSSION The BE GONE trial is evaluating a scalable dietary prevention strategy targeting the gut microbiome of high-risk patients to mitigate the metabolic and inflammatory effects of adiposity that influence colorectal cancer risk, recurrence, and survival. The overarching scientific goal is to further elucidate interactions between diet, the gut microbiome, and host metabolism. Improved understanding of the diet-microbiota interplay and effective means to target these relationships will be key to the future of clinical and public health approaches to cancer and other major diet- and obesity-related diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol is registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, under the identifier NCT02843425. First posted July 25, 2016; last verified January 25, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gladys Browman
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wesley Siu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen M Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristi L Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo C Okhuysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA.
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Jung SY, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Zhang ZF. Post Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Interaction Study Using Random Survival Forest: Insulin Resistance, Lifestyle Factors, and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:877-890. [PMID: 31554631 PMCID: PMC6893139 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and genetic pathways of insulin resistance (IR) connecting colorectal cancer and obesity factors in postmenopausal women remain inconclusive. We examined the IR pathways on both genetic and phenotypic perspectives at the genome-wide level. We further constructed colorectal cancer risk profiles with the most predictive IR SNPs and lifestyle factors. In our earlier genome-wide association gene-environmental interaction study, we used data from a large cohort of postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study and identified 58 SNPs in relation to IR phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated the identified IR SNPs and selected 34 lifestyles for their association with colorectal cancer risk in a total of 11,078 women (including 736 women with colorectal cancer) using a 2-stage multimodal random survival forest analysis. In overall and subgroup (defined via body mass index, exercise, and dietary-fat intake) analyses, we identified 2 SNPs (LINC00460 rs1725459 and MTRR rs722025) and lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogen (oral contraceptive use) and cigarette smoking as the most common and strongest predictive markers for colorectal cancer risk across the analyses. The combinations of genetic and lifestyle factors had much greater impact on colorectal cancer risk than any individual risk factors, and a possible synergism existed to increase colorectal cancer risk in a gene-behavior dose-dependent manner. Our findings may inform research on the role of IR in the etiology of colorectal cancer and contribute to more accurate prediction of colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential intervention strategies for women with specific genotypes and lifestyles to reduce their colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Banh TH, Puchala SE, Cole RM, Andridge RR, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA. Blood level of adiponectin is positively associated with lean mass in women without type 2 diabetes. Menopause 2019; 26:1311-1317. [PMID: 31688578 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blood levels of adiponectin and leptin with lean body and trunk adipose mass in women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from five previous clinical studies involving postmenopausal women (n = 95). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and appendicular lean mass was calculated based on body mass index (ALMBMI). Adipokines and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Linear mixed-effect models with a random study effect were used to investigate the relationship between predictors (eg, adiponectin, leptin), outcomes (eg, ALMBMI, trunk adipose mass), and co-variables (T2DM status, age, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). RESULTS Postmenopausal women with T2DM had lower ALMBMI than those without T2DM. There was a positive association between blood adiponectin and ALMBMI in postmenopausal women without T2DM, but no association in those with T2DM. Blood leptin was negatively associated with ALMBMI for women regardless of T2DM diagnosis. Blood adiponectin was negatively associated, whereas blood leptin was positively associated with trunk adipose mass for the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS T2DM status moderated the relationship between blood adiponectin and ALMBMI, where blood adiponectin was positively associated with ALMBMI in postmenopausal women without T2DM, but not those with T2DM. Dysregulated metabolism in T2DM may contribute to lower muscle mass in women with T2DM, but future research is required to elucidate this mechanistic link. The negative association between blood leptin and ALMBMI was a novel finding. Future studies will need to more clearly define the relationship between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor H Banh
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah E Puchala
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Soltani G, Poursheikhani A, Yassi M, Hayatbakhsh A, Kerachian M, Kerachian MA. Obesity, diabetes and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 31664994 PMCID: PMC6819551 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the current case-control study, an association between diagnosis of CRC, obesity and diabetes was investigated. METHODS Demographic characteristics, colonoscopy reports, history of drug, smoking, and medical history were collected from patients referred to a colonoscopy unit. The location, size and number of the polyps were recorded during the colonoscopy. Statistically, t-test was conducted for mean comparison for the groups. Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2) was applied to categorize variables. Five classification methods based on the important clinicopathological characteristics such as age, BMI, diabetes, family history of colon cancer was performed to predict the results of colonoscopy. RESULTS Overall, 693 patients participated in this study. In the present study, 115 and 515 patients were evaluated for adenoma/adenocarcinoma and normal colonoscopy, respectively. The mean age of patients positive for adenoma or adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than the negative groups (p value < 0.001). Incidence of overweight and/or obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) were significantly higher in adenoma positive patients as compared to controls (49.9 and 0.9% respectively, p value = 0.04). The results also demonstrated a significant association between suffering from diabetes and having colon adenoma (OR = 1.831, 95%CI = 1.058-3.169, p value = 0.023). The experimental results of 5 classification methods on higher risk factors between colon adenoma and normal colonoscopy data were more than 82% and less than 0.42 for the percentage of classification accuracy and root mean squared error, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the occurrence of obesity measured based on BMI and diabetes in the adenoma positive patient group was significantly higher than the control group although there was no notable association between obesity, diabetes and adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodratollah Soltani
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Yassi
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Matin Kerachian
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Research Institute at McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Florescu A, Branisteanu D, Bilha S, Scripcariu D, Florescu I, Scripcariu V, Dimofte G, Grigoras I. Leptin and adiponectin dynamics at patients with rectal neoplasm - Gender differences. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212471. [PMID: 31425509 PMCID: PMC6699797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies associate adipokines with colorectal malignancy, but few data deal with patients suffering exclusively of rectal carcinoma (RC). Aims We evaluated leptin and adiponectin levels in RC patients compared to healthy population and their dynamics after surgery. Material and methods Serum leptin and adiponectin were evaluated before surgery in 59 RC consecutive patients (38 males and 21 females), and in age and weight matched healthy controls. Measurements were repeated at 24, 72 hours and 7 days after surgery. Results Adipokine levels were higher in women. Controls had higher leptin (32.±4.34 vs 9.51±1.73 ng/ml in women and 11±2.66 vs 2.54±0.39 ng/ml in men, p = 0.00048 and 0.0032) and lower adiponectin (9±0.64 vs 11.85±1.02 μg/ml in women and 7.39±0.51 vs 8.5±0.62 μg/ml in men, p = 0.017 and 0.019) than RC patients. Surgery caused an increase of leptin from 5.11±0.8 to 18.7±2.42 ng/ml, p = 6.85 x 10¨8, and a decrease of adiponectin from 9.71±0.58 to 7.87±0.47 μg/ml, p = 1.4 x 10¨10 for all RC patients and returned thereafter to the initial range at 7 days. Adipokines were correlated with body weight (BW). The significance of correlation persisted after surgery only in males, but disappeared in females. Adipokines were not modified by tumor position, presurgical chemoradiotherapy or surgical technique. Women with RC experiencing weight loss had higher adiponectin than women without weight modifications (p<0.05 at all time points). Conclusions Adipokine levels of patients with RC differ from the healthy population, possibly reflecting an adaptation to disease. Adipokine modifications after surgery may be related to acute surgical stress. Whether leptin and adiponectin directly interact is not clear. Women have higher adipokine levels, more so after significant weight loss, but the strength of their correlation with BW decreases after surgery. These data suggest gender differences in the adipokine profile of RC patients which may find clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru Branisteanu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefana Bilha
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Florescu
- Department of Intensive Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Dimofte
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Grigoras
- Department of Intensive Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Circulating adipokines and risk of obesity related cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Jung SY, Zhang ZF. The effects of genetic variants related to insulin metabolism pathways and the interactions with lifestyles on colorectal cancer risk. Menopause 2019; 26:771-780. [PMID: 30649085 PMCID: PMC7035960 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic variants in metabolic signaling pathways may interact with lifestyle factors, such as dietary fatty acids, influencing postmenopausal colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but these interrelated pathways are not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we examined 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin traits and their signaling pathways and lifestyle factors in relation to postmenopausal CRC, using data from 6,539 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Harmonized and Imputed Genome-Wide Association Studies. By employing a two-stage random survival forest analysis, we evaluated the SNPs and lifestyle factors by ranking them according to their predictive value and accuracy for CRC. RESULTS We identified four SNPs (IRS1 rs1801123, IRS1 rs1801278, AKT2 rs3730256, and AKT2 rs7247515) and two lifestyle factors (age and percentage calories from saturated fatty acids) as the top six most influential predictors for CRC risk. We further examined interactive effects of those factors on cancer risk. In the individual SNP analysis, no significant association was observed, but the combination of the four SNPs, age, and percentage calories from saturated fatty acid (≥11% per day) significantly increased the risk of CRC in a gene and lifestyle dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into gene-lifestyle interactions and will enable researchers to focus on individuals with risk genotypes to promote intervention strategies. Our study suggests the careful use of data on potential genetic targets in clinical trials for cancer prevention to reduce the risk for CRC in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Petimar J, Tabung FK, Valeri L, Rosner B, Chan AT, Smith-Warner SA, Giovannucci EL. Mediation of associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer risk by inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2945-2953. [PMID: 30521066 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and hyperinsulinemia may drive associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but few studies have examined this hypothesis using mediation analysis. We used inverse odds ratio weighting and logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimated total effects (ORTE ) of body mass index, waist circumference, and adult weight gain on CRC risk, and estimated effects operating through seven inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers (natural indirect effect; ORNIE ) or through paths independent of these biomarkers (natural direct effect; ORNDE ) among 209 CRC cases and 382 matched controls nested within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort of male health professionals. A one-interquartile range (IQR) increase in body mass index (3.6 kg/m2 ) was associated with an ORTE of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.73), which decomposed into an ORNIE of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and an ORNDE of 1.11 (0.87, 1.42), with possibly stronger mediation by these biomarkers for adult weight gain (IQR = 10.4 kg; ORTE = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.64]; ORNIE = 1.47 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.81]; ORNDE = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.72, 1.11]), but no mediation for waist circumference. Mediation appeared to be stronger for the metabolic biomarkers than the inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms may mediate associations between both body mass index and adult weight gain with CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Petimar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Psychiatric Biostatistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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45
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for all major gastrointestinal cancers. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, this link could lead to an elevated burden of cancers of the digestive system. Currently, three main mechanisms explaining the link between excess adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer risk are being considered, including altered insulin signaling, obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation, and altered sex hormone metabolism, although new potential mechanisms emerge. This review is aimed to present our current knowledge on biological mechanisms involved in adiposity-related gastrointestinal carcinogenesis supported by results collected in epidemiological studies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of weight loss on obesity-related colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is not well defined. Previous studies have suggested that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery may have an unexpected adverse impact on CRC risk. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RYGB on biomarkers of CRC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectal mucosal biopsies and blood were obtained from patients undergoing RYGB (n = 22) and non-obese control participants (n = 20) at baseline and at a median of 6.5 months after surgery. Markers of systemic inflammation and glucose homeostasis were measured. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes and proto-oncogenes in the rectal mucosa was quantified using qPCR. Crypt cell proliferation state of the rectal mucosa was assessed by counting mitotic figures in whole micro-dissected crypts. RESULTS At 6.5 months post-surgery, participants had lost 29 kg body mass and showed improvements in markers of glucose homeostasis and in systemic inflammation. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the rectal mucosa did not increase and COX-1 expression fell significantly (P = 0.019). The mean number of mitoses per crypt decreased from 6.5 to 4.3 (P = 0.028) after RYGB. CONCLUSION RYGB in obese adults led to lower rectal crypt cell proliferation, reduced systemic and mucosal markers of inflammation and improvements in glucose regulation. These consistent findings of reduced markers of tumourigenic potential suggest that surgically induced weight loss may lower CRC risk.
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47
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Murphy N, Jenab M, Gunter MJ. Adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers: epidemiology, mechanisms and future directions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:659-670. [PMID: 29970888 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excess adiposity is a risk factor for several cancers of the gastrointestinal system, specifically oesophageal adenocarcinoma and colorectal, small intestine, pancreatic, liver, gallbladder and stomach cancers. With the increasing prevalence of obesity in nearly all regions of the world, this relationship could represent a growing source of cancers of the digestive system. Experimental and molecular epidemiological studies indicate important roles for alterations in insulin signalling, adipose tissue-derived inflammation and sex hormone pathways in mediating the association between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancer. The intestinal microbiome, gut hormones and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also have possible roles. However, important gaps remain in our knowledge. For instance, our understanding of how adiposity throughout the life course is related to the risk of gastrointestinal cancer development and of how obesity influences gastrointestinal cancer prognosis and survival is limited. Nonetheless, the increasing use of state-of-the-art analytical methods (such as omics technologies, Mendelian randomization and MRI) in large-scale epidemiological studies offers exciting opportunities to advance our understanding of the complex relationship between adiposity and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we examine the epidemiology of associations between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer, explore potential mechanisms underlying these relationships and highlight important unanswered research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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48
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Zhao CC, Chen J, Niu RF, Liu Y, Zhang CG. Increased resistin suggests poor prognosis and promotes development of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3392-3404. [PMID: 30272365 PMCID: PMC6196645 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is considered to be a risk factor for several types of cancer, but its functions are controversial and not well studied in lung cancer. The present study is aimed to investigate the expression of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, in order to evaluate its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients and to investigate the effects of resistin in lung adenocarcinoma cells. A total of 70 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues were collected and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine resistin expression. Resistin overexpressed cells were established by plasmid transfection in A549 or H1975 cells. Alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were analyzed in vitro. A nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to test the effect of resistin in vivo. High expression of resistin was predominantly observed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues but not in adjacent normal lung tissues. Resistin expression was significantly associated with increased tumor size, clinical stage as well as lymph node metastasis while negatively associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Expression of resistin was an independent risk factor for PFS and OS. Overexpression of resistin promoted significant proliferation, migration and invasion, while also inhibited apoptosis in vitro. Resistin also promoted tumor formation in nude mice. The potential molecular mechanism was also investigated by in vitro experiments. In conclusion, the present study revealed that a high level of resistin expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues is associated with poor clinicopathological status and survival. Resistin, which promotes the development of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo may be a novel target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Zhao
- Department of VIP Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Fang Niu
- Department of Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of VIP Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Gui Zhang
- Department of VIP Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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49
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Liao PJ, Lin TY, Ting MK, Peng TI, Chiou WK, Chen LH, Hsu KH. Chest width, waist circumference, and thigh circumference are predictors of dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1019-1027. [PMID: 29726588 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated the relationship between specific body measures and dementia. METHODS Three-dimensional anthropometric body surface scanning data containing 38 body measures were collected from 6831 participants from the health examination department of a medical center in Taiwan during 2000 to 2008, and 236 dementia cases were identified during the 10-year follow-up. A multiple Cox regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Specific body measures, namely chest width (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-0.98), and right thigh circumference (HR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.90-0.96), were protective predictors to dementia occurrence. Waist circumference (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02-1.05) was a risk factor in dementia occurrence. Among the combinations, dementia risk was higher in participants with a larger waist circumference and a smaller right thigh circumference, with the highest HR of 2.49 (95% CI = 1.54-4.03). CONCLUSION The body measures provide clues for future applications and scientific merits in both clinical and preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liao
- Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, and Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ko Chiou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Industrial Design, Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chen
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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50
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Lu W, Huang Z, Li N, Liu H. Low circulating total adiponectin, especially its non-high-molecular weight fraction, represents a promising risk factor for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2519-2531. [PMID: 29765231 PMCID: PMC5942166 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The principal goal of this meta-analysis is to test the hypothesis that circulating total adiponectin or certain fractions may represent a promising biological candidate in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods The processes of paper identification, paper selection and data extraction were accomplished independently by two authors. Effect-size estimates were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 31 papers including 48 qualified studies (7,554 patients with colorectal cancer and 9,798 controls) were meta-analyzed. Results Pooling all studies found that circulating total adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in controls (WMD: −0.76 µg/mL, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.32, p=0.001), with significant heterogeneity (I2: 94.2%) and low publication bias (Egger’s p=0.336). By adiponectin fractions, the difference in high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin was comparable between the two groups (WMD: −0.22 µg/mL, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.25, p=0.350), while non-HMW adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in controls (WMD: −0.27 µg/mL, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.19, p<0.001), with marginal heterogeneity (I2: 52.3%). Subgroup analysis revealed that effect-size estimates were heterogeneous when grouping studies by cancer subtype, region, study design, matching status, gender and obesity. Further meta-regression analysis indicated that age and gender were significant potential sources of heterogeneity. The results showed the studied subgroups were not subject to publication bias (Egger’s p<0.1). Conclusion Our data collectively indicate that low circulating total adiponectin, especially its non-HMW fraction, represents a promising risk factor for colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to explore underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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