1
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Yoshimoto S, Kudo A, Rotolo A, Foos K, Olenick L, Takagi S, Mason NJ. Validation of a PD-1/CD28 chimeric switch receptor to augment CAR-T function in dogs with spontaneous B cell lymphoma. iScience 2024; 27:110863. [PMID: 39314237 PMCID: PMC11418608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved unprecedented clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell leukemias; however, response rates in patients with large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) are less impressive. Expression of PD-1 on activated T cells and PD-L1 on malignant, stromal, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to CAR-T exhaustion, hypofunction, and treatment failures. Here, a comparative approach is taken to develop a chimeric switch receptor (CSR) with potential to augment CAR-T persistence, function, and clinical efficacy in immune competent, pet dogs with spontaneous B cell lymphoma (BCL). We show that similar to human CAR-T cells, expression of a PD-1/CD28 CSR in canine CAR-T cells results in enhanced function against PD-L1+ targets and preserves central memory phenotype. We also demonstrate that these effects depend upon active CSR signaling. This work paves the way for in vivo studies in canine BCL patients to inform human trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayano Kudo
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Antonia Rotolo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kay Foos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Olenick
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nicola J. Mason
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Elshafie NO, Gribskov M, Lichti NI, Sayedahmed EE, Childress MO, Pires Dos Santos A. MicroRNAs implicated in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma prognosis. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 39218619 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in domestic dogs, with many similarities to its human counterpart. The progression of the disease is rapid, and treatment must be initiated early to achieve cancer remission and extend life. This study examined the relationship between progression-free survival (PFS) and microRNA (miRNA) expression in dogs with DLBCL. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that typically regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are involved in several pathophysiological processes, including the growth and progression of cancer. Based on the analysis of small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) data, we validated a group of miRNAs in lymph nodes from 44 DLBCL-affected dogs with known outcomes. We used quantitative PCR to quantify their expression and report a specific subset of miRNAs is associated with decreased PFS in dogs with DLBCL. The miR-192-5p and miR-16-5p expression were significantly downregulated in dogs with increased PFS. These results indicate that miRNA profiling may potentially identify dogs with DLBCL that will experience poor outcomes following treatment. Identifying specific miRNAs that correlate with the progression of canine DLBCL could aid the development of individualized treatment regimens for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly O Elshafie
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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3
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Fanelli A, Licenziato L, Mazzone E, Divari S, Rinaldi A, Marino M, Maga I, Bertoni F, Marconato L, Aresu L. The K9 lymphoma assay allows a genetic subgrouping of canine lymphomas with improved risk classification. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18687. [PMID: 39134766 PMCID: PMC11319785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We present here the K9 lymphoma assay, a novel 31-gene targeted next-generation sequencing panel designed for genomic profiling of canine lymphoid neoplasms. Addressing the growing demand for advanced diagnostics in veterinary oncology, this assay enables sensitive identification of known and actionable mutations specific to canine lymphomas, while evaluating its prognostic potential to facilitate diagnosis and prognosis. Our analysis, spanning several B- and T-cell lymphoma histotypes, unveiled distinct mutational landscapes distinguishing tumors derived from immature versus mature lymphocytes. Clustering analysis revealed a shared genetic origin between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, aligning with findings in human lymphomas, with TRAF3 emerging as the most frequently mutated gene across B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Significantly, TP53 mutations demonstrated universal adverse prognostic implications across B-cell lymphomas. Additionally, SETD2 mutations contributed to shorter time-to-progression, underscoring the role of epigenetic dysregulation in B-cell tumors. In T-cell lymphomas, SATB1 and FBXW7 were frequently mutated, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts. Our findings advocate for tailored therapeutic approaches based on the genetic profile, impacting treatment decisions and outcomes in canine lymphoma management. This study provides pivotal insights bridging veterinary and human oncology, paving the way for comprehensive genomic diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mazzone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michele Marino
- MyLav Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Passirana di Rho, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maga
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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4
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Akiyoshi M, Hisasue M, Goto-Koshino Y, Asakawa MG, Neo S, Akiyoshi M, Tomiyasu H. Clinicopathologic findings of splenic marginal zone lymphoma with gallbladder involvement that progressed to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:234-241. [PMID: 38806404 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A 12-year-old spayed female Dalmatian presented with acute vomiting and anorexia. The clinicopathological and imaging abnormalities included icterus, biliary obstruction, and multiple diffuse splenic hypoechogenic nodules. Cholecystectomy was performed to remove the obstruction, followed by liver biopsy and splenectomy. Histopathological and immunohistology evaluation of the spleen, liver, and gallbladder revealed splenic marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) with gallbladder and hepatic infiltration of neoplastic CD20/CD79α-positive cells. Moreover, we observed clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene in all three tissues. The dog was in good condition without chemotherapy. However, there was progressive elevation of liver enzymes, which could be attributed to neoplastic hepatic infiltration. Chlorambucil and prednisolone were administered until day 108, when the liver enzyme levels normalized. On day 156, the dog developed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the peripheral lymph nodes. Sequence analysis of the clonally rearranged IgH gene revealed that all neoplastic cells in the spleen, gallbladder, and liver at initial presentation, as well as lymph nodes on day 156, possessed the same sequence identity of the amplified IgH fragments. This demonstrated that all neoplastic cells were derived from the same B-lymphocyte clone. The DLBCL was considered to have transformed from the splenic MZL, with gallbladder involvement. In cases of splenic MZL, it is important to consider gallbladder involvement and transformation to DLBCL. Moreover, gallbladder lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with gallbladder abnormalities. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognosis of splenic MZL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Female
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dog Diseases/diagnosis
- Splenic Neoplasms/veterinary
- Splenic Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/veterinary
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/veterinary
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Gallbladder/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
- Akiyoshi Animal Clinic, Yamato City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Clinical and Anatomic Pathology Unit, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Li MY, Chong LC, Duns G, Lytle A, Woolcock B, Jiang A, Telenius A, Ben-Neriah S, Nawaz W, Slack GW, Elisia I, Viganò E, Aoki T, Healy S, Krystal G, Venturutti L, Scott DW, Steidl C. TRAF3 loss-of-function reveals the noncanonical NF-κB pathway as a therapeutic target in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320421121. [PMID: 38662551 PMCID: PMC11067025 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320421121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report recurrent focal deletions of the chr14q32.31-32 locus, including TRAF3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (24/324 cases). Integrative analysis revealed an association between TRAF3 copy number loss with accumulation of NIK, the central noncanonical (NC) NF-κB kinase, and increased NC NF-κB pathway activity. Accordingly, TRAF3 genetic ablation in isogenic DLBCL model systems caused upregulation of NIK and enhanced NC NF-κB downstream signaling. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of NIK in TRAF3-deficient cells differentially impaired their proliferation and survival, suggesting an acquired onco-addiction to NC NF-κB. TRAF3 ablation also led to exacerbated secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Coculturing of TRAF3-deficient DLBCL cells with CD8+ T cells impaired the induction of Granzyme B and interferon (IFN) γ, which were restored following neutralization of IL-10. Our findings corroborate a direct relationship between TRAF3 genetic alterations and NC NF-κB activation, and highlight NIK as a potential therapeutic target in a defined subset of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Li
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Chong
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerben Duns
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew Lytle
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Bruce Woolcock
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Aixiang Jiang
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Adèle Telenius
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Susana Ben-Neriah
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Graham W. Slack
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Ingrid Elisia
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Elena Viganò
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shannon Healy
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Leandro Venturutti
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David W. Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
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6
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Nosalova N, Huniadi M, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Horňák S, Nagoos K, Vozar J, Cizkova D. Canine Mammary Tumors: Classification, Biomarkers, Traditional and Personalized Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2891. [PMID: 38474142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy of mammary tumors in dogs includes surgery, which is the first choice, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. However, these therapeutic strategies may not always be sufficient on their own; advancements in understanding cancer mechanisms and the development of innovative treatments offer hope for improved outcomes for oncologic patients. There is still a growing interest in the use of personalized medicine, which should play an irreplaceable role in the research not only in human cancer therapy, but also in veterinary oncology. Moreover, immunotherapy may represent a novel and promising therapeutic option in canine mammary cancers. The study of novel therapeutic approaches is essential for future research in both human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nosalova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomir Horňák
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Nagoos
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vozar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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7
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Shah SB, Carlson CR, Lai K, Zhong Z, Marsico G, Lee KM, Félix Vélez NE, Abeles EB, Allam M, Hu T, Walter LD, Martin KE, Gandhi K, Butler SD, Puri R, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Tam W, Elemento O, Takata K, Steidl C, Scott DW, Fontan L, Ueno H, Cosgrove BD, Inghirami G, García AJ, Coskun AF, Koff JL, Melnick A, Singh A. Combinatorial treatment rescues tumour-microenvironment-mediated attenuation of MALT1 inhibitors in B-cell lymphomas. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:511-523. [PMID: 36928381 PMCID: PMC10069918 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCLs) are characterized by constitutive activation of nuclear factor κB driven by the B-cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. However, BCR-pathway-targeted therapies have limited impact on DLBCLs. Here we used >1,100 DLBCL patient samples to determine immune and extracellular matrix cues in the lymphoid tumour microenvironment (Ly-TME) and built representative synthetic-hydrogel-based B-cell-lymphoma organoids accordingly. We demonstrate that Ly-TME cellular and biophysical factors amplify the BCR-MYD88-TLR9 multiprotein supercomplex and induce cooperative signalling pathways in ABC-DLBCL cells, which reduce the efficacy of compounds targeting the BCR pathway members Bruton tyrosine kinase and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1). Combinatorial inhibition of multiple aberrant signalling pathways induced higher antitumour efficacy in lymphoid organoids and implanted ABC-DLBCL patient tumours in vivo. Our studies define the complex crosstalk between malignant ABC-DLBCL cells and Ly-TME, and provide rational combinatorial therapies that rescue Ly-TME-mediated attenuation of treatment response to MALT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivem B Shah
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Christopher R Carlson
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristine Lai
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grazia Marsico
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine M Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mayar Allam
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren D Walter
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karen E Martin
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Khanjan Gandhi
- Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorena Fontan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean L Koff
- Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Oh JH, Cho JY. Comparative oncology: overcoming human cancer through companion animal studies. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:725-734. [PMID: 37009802 PMCID: PMC10167357 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology is a field of study that has been recently adopted for studying cancer and developing cancer therapies. Companion animals such as dogs can be used to evaluate novel biomarkers or anticancer targets before clinical translation. Thus, the value of canine models is increasing, and numerous studies have been conducted to analyze similarities and differences between many types of spontaneously occurring cancers in canines and humans. A growing number of canine cancer models as well as research-grade reagents for these models are becoming available, leading to substantial growth in comparative oncology research spanning from basic science to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize comparative oncology studies that have been conducted on the molecular landscape of various canine cancers and highlight the importance of the integration of comparative biology into cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis. Gene 2022; 838:146735. [PMID: 35835403 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non-lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma's progression in dogs.
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10
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Fanelli A, Marconato L, Licenziato L, Minoli L, Rouquet N, Aresu L. POT1 mutations are frequent and associated with Ki-67 index in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:968807. [PMID: 36016811 PMCID: PMC9396242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.968807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents one of the most frequent and deadliest neoplasia in dogs worldwide and is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity, with poor chances to anticipate the outcome. Even if in the last years some recurrently mutated genes have been identified, the genetic origin of canine DLBCL (cDLBCL) is not yet completely understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of POT1 mutations in cDLBCL and to elucidate the role of such gene in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Mutations in POT1 were retrieved in 34% of cases, in line with previous reports, but no significant associations with any clinico-pathological variable were identified. Likewise, POT1 mutations are not predictive of worse prognosis. Interestingly, Ki-67 index was significantly higher in dogs harboring POT1 mutations compared to wild-type ones. These results suggest that POT1 mutations may exert their pathogenic role in cDLBCL by promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Fanelli
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Chu S, Avery A, Yoshimoto J, Bryan JN. Genome wide exploration of the methylome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma in Golden Retrievers reveals a conserved hypermethylome. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2022-2038. [PMID: 35912844 PMCID: PMC9665123 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few recurrent DNA mutations are seen in aggressive canine B cell lymphomas (cBCL), suggesting other frequent drivers. The methylated island recovery assay (MIRA-seq) or methylated CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) was used to define the genome-wide methylation profiles in aggressive cBCL in Golden Retrievers to determine if cBCL can be better defined by epigenetic changes than by DNA mutations. DNA hypermethylation patterns were relatively homogenous within cBCL samples in Golden Retrievers, in different breeds and in geographical regions. Aberrant hypermethylation is thus suspected to be a central and early event in cBCL lymphomagenesis. Distinct subgroups within cBCL in Golden Retrievers were not identified with DNA methylation profiles. In comparison, the methylome profile of human DLBCL (hDLBCL) is relatively heterogeneous. Only moderate similarity between hDLBCL and cBCL was seen and cBCL likely cannot be accurately classified into the subtypes seen in hDLBCL. Genes with hypermethylated regions in the promoter-TSS-first exon of cBCL compared to normal B cells often also had additional hyper- and hypomethylated regions distributed throughout the gene suggesting non-randomized repeat targeting of key genes by epigenetic mechanisms. The prevalence of hypermethylation in transcription factor families in aggressive cBCL may represent a fundamental step in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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Giannuzzi D, Marconato L, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, De Maria R, Rinaldi A, Rotta L, Rouquet N, Birolo G, Fariselli P, Mensah AA, Bertoni F, Aresu L. The genomic landscape of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies distinct subtypes with clinical and therapeutic implications. Lab Anim (NY) 2022; 51:191-202. [PMID: 35726023 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid neoplasm in dogs and in humans. It is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity that is not completely elucidated by molecular data. This poses a major barrier to understanding the disease and its response to therapy, or when treating dogs with DLBCL within clinical trials. We performed an integrated analysis of exome (n = 77) and RNA sequencing (n = 43) data in a cohort of canine DLBCL to define the genetic landscape of this tumor. A wide range of signaling pathways and cellular processes were found in common with human DLBCL, but the frequencies of the most recurrently mutated genes (TRAF3, SETD2, POT1, TP53, MYC, FBXW7, DDX3X and TBL1XR1) differed. We developed a prognostic model integrating exonic variants and clinical and transcriptomic features to predict the outcome in dogs with DLBCL. These results comprehensively define the genetic drivers of canine DLBCL and can be prospectively utilized to identify new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rotta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Afua A Mensah
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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13
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Abstract
Spontaneous tumors in dogs share several environmental, epidemiologic, biologic, clinical and molecular features with a wide variety of human cancers, making this companion animal an attractive model. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor overactivation is common in several human cancers, and there is evidence that similar signaling aberrations also occur in canine cancers including lymphoma, leukemia, hemangiosarcoma, mammary cancer, melanoma, glioma, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of NF-kB signaling biology, both in health and in cancer development. It also summarizes available evidence of aberrant NF-kB signaling in canine cancer, and reviews antineoplastic compounds that have been shown to inhibit NF-kB activity used in various types of canine cancers. Available data suggest that dogs may be an excellent model for human cancers that have overactivation of NF-kB.
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14
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Riva F, Filipe J, Fanelli A, Marconato L, Inglesi A, Scanziani E, Soldati S, Licenziato L, Comazzi S, Minoli L, Aresu L. IL-1R8 Downregulation and Concomitant TLR7 and TLR9 Upregulation Are Related to the Pathogenesis of Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050209. [PMID: 35622737 PMCID: PMC9147662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematological malignancy in humans and dogs. Several studies disclosed some similarities between the two species, including the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway as a fundamental underlying pathogenetic mechanism. In humans, the downregulation of IL-1R8 is implicated in DLBCL development, but its role in dogs has not been explored so far. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of this tumor in dogs, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1R8 in 12 control lymph nodes obtained from dogs not bearing tumors and from 50 dogs with DLBCL. Moreover, we analyzed through qRT-PCR the expression of TLR7, TLR9, MYC, and p52 genes that are known to be involved in the IL-1R8 regulatory network. IL-1R8 and p52 were downregulated in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.001), while a higher expression of TLR7, TLR9, and MYC was observed in DLBCLs (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the gene expression results, revealing a significantly lower IL-1R8 staining score in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results suggest that IL-1R8 downregulation may represent one of the mechanisms driving DLBCL pathogenesis in dogs, mainly through the dysregulation of the Toll-like/interleukin receptors signaling cascade and the aberrant activation of the classical NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emlia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Soldati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
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15
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Hypermethylation-Mediated Silencing of CIDEA, MAL and PCDH17 Tumour Suppressor Genes in Canine DLBCL: From Multi-Omics Analyses to Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074021. [PMID: 35409379 PMCID: PMC9000013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled by epigenetic deregulation, a hallmark of cancer. The DNA methylome of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), the most frequent malignancy of B-lymphocytes in dog, has recently been investigated, suggesting that aberrant hypermethylation of CpG loci is associated with gene silencing. Here, we used a multi-omics approach (DNA methylome, transcriptome and copy number variations) combined with functional in vitro assays, to identify putative tumour suppressor genes subjected to DNA methylation in cDLBCL. Using four cDLBCL primary cell cultures and CLBL-1 cells, we found that CiDEA, MAL and PCDH17, which were significantly suppressed in DLBCL samples, were hypermethylated and also responsive (at the DNA, mRNA and protein level) to pharmacological unmasking with hypomethylating drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors. The regulatory mechanism underneath the methylation-dependent inhibition of those target genes expression was then investigated through luciferase and in vitro methylation assays. In the most responsive CpG-rich regions, an in silico analysis allowed the prediction of putative transcription factor binding sites influenced by DNA methylation. Interestingly, regulatory elements for AP2, MZF1, NF-kB, PAX5 and SP1 were commonly identified in all three genes. This study provides a foundation for characterisation and experimental validation of novel epigenetically-dysregulated pathways in cDLBCL.
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16
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Park JH, Lee JH, An JH, Park CW, Choi YP, Seo SW, Lee HW, Youn HY. Anticancer activity of IRAK-4 inhibitors against canine lymphoid malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:632-640. [PMID: 35340094 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor-related kinase 4 (IRAK4), downstream of myd88, plays an essential role in hyperactive TLR signaling seen in some B-cell lymphomas. In particular, efficient IRAK4 inhibitors of activated B-cell subtype of human diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are being developed. However, the anticancer effect of IRAK-4 inhibitors in veterinary medicine has not been elucidated. It is therefore explored in this study involving the GL-1 and CL-1 canine lymphoma cell lines in vitro. MyD88 expression was analysed using polymerase chain reaction. GL-1 and CL-1 cells were subjected to concentration- and time-dependent treatment with an IRAK-4 inhibitor and assessed for viability, TLR signalling association, and apoptosis using a cell counting Kit-8 assay, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. The GL-1 and CL-1 cells exhibited enhanced MyD88 expression, however, canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) did not. The IRAK-4 inhibitor reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, significantly reduced the phosphorylation of molecules associated with TLR signalling at IC50 such as IRAK1, IRAK4, NF-κB and STAT3, and induced apoptosis in GL-1 and CL-1 cells. The anticancer effect of the IRAK-4 inhibitor on canine lymphoma cells is mediated by apoptosis via downregulation of TLR signalling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Woo Park
- Future Medicine Co., Ltd., 54, Changup-ro, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Pyo Choi
- Future Medicine Co., Ltd., 54, Changup-ro, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Seo
- Future Medicine Co., Ltd., 54, Changup-ro, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Woo Lee
- Future Medicine Co., Ltd., 54, Changup-ro, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Sirivisoot S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S, Radtanakatikanon A, Chen K, Lin TY, Rungsipipat A. Evaluation of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphomas using MassARRAY. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5120. [PMID: 35332215 PMCID: PMC8948224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma in dogs with a multicentric form. This study aimed to assemble 41 variants of the previously reported genes and to investigate these variants in canine DLBCL using the Agena MassARRAY platform. These variants were chosen based on the high prevalence observed in canine B- and T-cell lymphomas, their significance for target therapy, and compatibility for multiplex PCR amplification. Lymph node biopsy was performed from 60 dogs with B-cell lymphoma comprising 47 purebred and 13 crossbred dogs. All dogs presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at HYAL4 and SATB1 genes. The lesser mutual SNPs were observed at SEL1L, excluding a cocker spaniel, and c-Kit, with the exception of a pug and a French bulldog. Even though no statistical association was noted between each SNP and dog breed, purebreds were 3.88 times more likely to have a SNP at FLT3 rs852342480 (95%CI 0.50–45.03, p = 0.26), 3.64 times at TRAF3 F306X (95%CI 0.58–42.50, p = 0.43) and 2.66 times at TRAF3 E303EX (95%CI 0.56–13.12, p = 0.31). Also, DLBCL dogs (CHOP-based treatment) with c-Kit T425= had a poorer prognosis with shorter median overall survival times (OST) than dogs with the wild type. Dogs treated with COP chemotherapy and contained 3–5 variants at SEL1L were associated with decreased median OST. Therefore, this SNP’s lymphoma panel provides valuable information that we can use to outline a prognosis and develop a treatment plan for the targeted therapy of each dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Araya Radtanakatikanon
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ken Chen
- SQ Reference Lab, Beiqing Road, Qingpu district, Shanghai, China
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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18
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Mee MW, Faulkner S, Wood GA, Woods JP, Bienzle D, Coomber BL. RNA-Seq analysis of gene expression in 25 cases of canine lymphoma undergoing CHOP chemotherapy. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:111. [PMID: 35317846 PMCID: PMC8939155 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Canine lymphoma, the most common hematological cancer in dogs, shares many molecular and clinical characteristics with human Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The standard treatment for canine lymphoma is “CHOP” multiagent chemotherapy protocol consisting of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), Vincristine (Oncovin™), and Prednisone. Approximately 70–85% of patients treated with CHOP achieve clinical remission. However, duration of remission varies and the majority of dogs eventually relapse. To identify possible biomarkers for patients failing to achieve remission, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on 25 cases of canine lymphoma obtained prior the start of their CHOP therapy regime and assessed gene expression associated with patient progression free survival (PFS). Data description The data consists of (1) raw RNA-Seq reads in 75 bp fastq format from fine needle aspirate samples of enlarged lymph nodes from canine patients with naturally occurring lymphoma; (2) Fragments Per Kilobase Million (FPKM) values for each sample; (3) raw transcript counts for each sample; (4) anonymized patient details including PFS; (5) heat map of gene expression and (6) Cox proportional hazard analysis showing significantly expressed genes. These data may be useful for comparative analysis of gene expression in human NHL and analysis of gene expression associated with disease outcome in canine lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles W Mee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sydney Faulkner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies and Mona Campbell Centre for Animal Cancer, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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A bitesize introduction to canine hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4073-4084. [PMID: 35316831 PMCID: PMC9278293 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are frequently diagnosed in dogs and result in a spectrum of clinical signs associated with specific disease types. The most frequently encountered hematologic tumors in dogs include lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, and mast cell, plasma cell, and histiocytic neoplasias. Coupled with the heterogeneous presentations of the different categories and subtypes of canine hematologic malignancies, outcomes for these tumors are also variable. Considering this, appropriate treatment options range from active surveillance to curative intent approaches harnessing surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation-based modalities. The underlying pathology of many of these diseases bears remarkable resemblance to that of the corresponding diagnosis made in human patients. We introduce some of the pathogenic drivers of canine hematologic cancers alongside their clinical presentations. An overview of standard-of-care therapies for each of these diseases is also provided. As comparative oncology gains recognition as a valuable setting in which to investigate the pathogenesis of neoplasia and provide powerful, clinically relevant, immunocompetent models for the evaluation of novel therapies, the number of clinicians and scientists participating in cancer research involving dogs is expected to increase. This review aims at providing an introductory overview of canine hematologic malignancies.
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20
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Hay JK, Hocker SE, Monteith G, Woods JP. Circulating Endocannabinoids in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma Patients. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:828095. [PMID: 35242839 PMCID: PMC8887993 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.828095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is increasingly being implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various human cancers. Specifically, increased levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and oleoythanolamide (OEA) have been demonstrated in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, respectively. The objectives of this paper were to compare 2-AG, OEA, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) levels between dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy control dogs. In addition, evaluate 2-AG, OEA, AEA, and PEA levels as biomarkers for progression free interval (PFI) and overall survival time (OST) in the dogs with lymphoma. The study consisted of 26 dogs with multicentric B cell lymphoma, 14 dogs with multicentric T cell lymphoma, and 12 healthy control dogs. Serum 2-AG, OEA, AEA, and PEA levels were measured using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC—MS/MS) in dogs with lymphoma and in healthy dogs. OEA, AEA, and PEA levels were significantly elevated in dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Total AG was significantly higher in healthy control dogs (p = 0.049). There was no significant difference between dogs with B cell and T cell lymphoma for any of the measured endocannabinoids. Elevated PEA was significantly associated with decreased PFI (p = 0.04) in dogs with lymphoma with a hazards ratio of 1.816 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.020–3.232]. Overall, dogs with lymphoma have elevated levels of OEA, AEA, and PEA. PEA levels have the potential to be a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Hay
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Samuel E. Hocker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Samuel E. Hocker
| | - Gabrielle Monteith
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Tawa GJ, Braisted J, Gerhold D, Grewal G, Mazcko C, Breen M, Sittampalam G, LeBlanc AK. Transcriptomic profiling in canines and humans reveals cancer specific gene modules and biological mechanisms common to both species. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009450. [PMID: 34570764 PMCID: PMC8523068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding relationships between spontaneous cancer in companion (pet) canines and humans can facilitate biomarker and drug development in both species. Towards this end we developed an experimental-bioinformatic protocol that analyzes canine transcriptomics data in the context of existing human data to evaluate comparative relevance of canine to human cancer. We used this protocol to characterize five canine cancers: melanoma, osteosarcoma, pulmonary carcinoma, B- and T-cell lymphoma, in 60 dogs. We applied an unsupervised, iterative clustering method that yielded five co-expression modules and found that each cancer exhibited a unique module expression profile. We constructed cancer models based on the co-expression modules and used the models to successfully classify the canine data. These canine-derived models also successfully classified human tumors representing the same cancers, indicating shared cancer biology between canines and humans. Annotation of the module genes identified cancer specific pathways relevant to cells-of-origin and tumor biology. For example, annotations associated with melanin production (PMEL, GPNMB, and BACE2), synthesis of bone material (COL5A2, COL6A3, and COL12A1), synthesis of pulmonary surfactant (CTSH, LPCAT1, and NAPSA), ribosomal proteins (RPL8, RPS7, and RPLP0), and epigenetic regulation (EDEM1, PTK2B, and JAK1) were unique to melanoma, osteosarcoma, pulmonary carcinoma, B- and T-cell lymphoma, respectively. In total, 152 biomarker candidates were selected from highly expressing modules for each cancer type. Many of these biomarker candidates are under-explored as drug discovery targets and warrant further study. The demonstrated transferability of classification models from canines to humans enforces the idea that tumor biology, biomarker targets, and associated therapeutics, discovered in canines, may translate to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Tawa
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Braisted
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Gerhold
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gurmit Grewal
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christina Mazcko
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Comparative Oncology Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gurusingham Sittampalam
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy K. LeBlanc
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Comparative Oncology Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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22
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Aresu L, Marconato L, Martini V, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, Foiani G, Melchiotti E, Nicoletti A, Vascellari M. Prognostic Value of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by RNAscope. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070120. [PMID: 34209830 PMCID: PMC8310184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), we investigated PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A expression by RNAscope. Results were correlated with several clinico-pathological features, including treatment, Ki67 index and outcome. A total of 33 dogs treated with chemotherapy (n = 12) or chemoimmunotherapy with APAVAC (n = 21) were included. PD-L1 signal was diffusely distributed among neoplastic cells, whereas PD-1 and CD8A were localized in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. However, PD-1 mRNA was also retrieved in tumor cells. An association between PD-L1 and PD-1 scores was identified and a higher risk of relapse and lymphoma-related death was found in dogs treated with chemotherapy alone and dogs with higher PD-L1 and PD-1 scores. The correlation between PD-L1 and PD-1 is in line with the mechanism of immune checkpoints in cancers, where neoplastic cells overexpress PD-L1 that, in turn, binds PD-1 receptors in activated TIL. We also found that Ki67 index was significantly increased in dogs with the highest PD-L1 and PD-1 scores, indirectly suggesting a role in promoting tumor proliferation. Finally, even if the biological consequence of PD-1+ tumor cells is unknown, our findings suggest that PD-1 intrinsic expression in cDLBCL might contribute to tumor growth escaping adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Greta Foiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
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23
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Guillen A, Smallwood K, Killick DR. Molecular pathology in the cancer clinic - where are we now and where are we headed? J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:507-520. [PMID: 33974272 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology is a developing sub-microscopic discipline of pathology that studies the effects of molecular variations and mutations on disease processes. The ultimate goal of molecular pathology in cancer is to predict risk, facilitate diagnosis and improve prognostication based on a complete understanding of the biological impact of specific molecular variations, mutations and dysregulations. This knowledge will provide the basis for customised cancer treatment, so-called precision medicine. Rapid developments in genomics have placed this field at the forefront of clinical molecular pathology and there are already a number of well-established genetic tests available for clinical use including PCR of antigen receptor rearrangement and KIT mutational analysis. Moving beyond tests assessing a single gene, there are significant research efforts utilising genomics to predict cancer risk, forecast aggressive behaviour and identify druggable mutations and therapeutic biomarkers. Researchers are also investigating the use of circulating cells and nucleic acid for clinically useful low morbidity genomic assessments. If we are to realise the full potential of molecular pathology and precision medicine there are a number of challenges to overcome. These include developing our understanding of the underlying biology (in particular intra-tumoural heterogeneity), methodological standardisation of assays, provision of adequate infrastructure and production of novel therapeutics backed by high-quality clinical data supporting the precision medicine approach. The era of molecular pathology holds the potential to revolutionise veterinary cancer care, but its impact on clinical practice will depend upon the extent to which the inherent challenges can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Smallwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D R Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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24
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Riondato F, Comazzi S. Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:600986. [PMID: 33869314 PMCID: PMC8044988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.600986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma (BCL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies which comprise the majority of canine lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma subtype in dogs but other subtypes (e.g., marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and others) have been described. This review aims to explore the use of flow cytometry to refine the diagnosis of canine BCL. Particular emphasis will be given to the possible identification of peculiar immunotypes, putative prognostic markers, staging and minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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25
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Chambers MR, Foote JB, Bentley RT, Botta D, Crossman DK, Della Manna DL, Estevez-Ordonez D, Koehler JW, Langford CP, Miller MA, Markert JM, Olivier AK, Omar NB, Platt SR, Rissi DR, Shores A, Sorjonen DC, Yang ES, Yanke AB, Gillespie GY. Evaluation of immunologic parameters in canine glioma patients treated with an oncolytic herpes virus. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:423-442. [PMID: 35342877 PMCID: PMC8955901 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To molecularly characterize the tumor microenvironment and evaluate immunologic parameters in canine glioma patients before and after treatment with oncolytic human IL-12-expressing herpes simplex virus (M032) and in treatment naïve canine gliomas. METHODS We assessed pet dogs with sporadically occurring gliomas enrolled in Stage 1 of a veterinary clinical trial that was designed to establish the safety of intratumoral oncoviral therapy with M032, a genetically modified oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Specimens from dogs in the trial and dogs not enrolled in the trial were evaluated with immunohistochemistry, NanoString, Luminex cytokine profiling, and multi-parameter flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment-naive canine glioma microenvironment had enrichment of Iba1 positive macrophages and minimal numbers of T and B cells, consistent with previous studies identifying these tumors as immunologically "cold". NanoString mRNA profiling revealed enrichment for tumor intrinsic pathways consistent with suppression of tumor-specific immunity and support of tumor progression. Oncolytic viral treatment induced an intratumoral mRNA transcription signature of tumor-specific immune responses in 83% (5/6) of canine glioma patients. Changes included mRNA signatures corresponding with interferon signaling, lymphoid and myeloid cell activation, recruitment, and T and B cell immunity. Multiplexed protein analysis identified a subset of oligodendroglioma subjects with increased concentrations of IL-2, IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, TNFα, GM-CSF between 14 and 28 days after treatment, with evidence of CD4+ T cell activation and modulation of IL-4 and IFNγ production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that M032 modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment in the canine glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Chambers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - R T Bentley
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - D Botta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - D K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - D L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - D Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - C P Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - M A Miller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A K Olivier
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - N B Omar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - S R Platt
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - A Shores
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - D C Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - E S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A B Yanke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - G Y Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Smith PAD, Waugh EM, Crichton C, Jarrett RF, Morris JS. The prevalence and characterisation of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in canine B-cell lymphoma. Vet J 2020; 266:105575. [PMID: 33323169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and mutational basis of canine lymphoma remains poorly understood. Several genes, including TRAF3 and POT1, are mutated in canine B-cell lymphoma (cBCL), and are likely involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in a cohort of dogs with cBCL, compared to dogs with non-cBCL diseases (including four dogs with T-cell lymphoma [cTCL]). Forty-nine dogs were included (n = 24 cBCL; n = 25 non-cBCL). Eleven dogs had matched non-tumour DNA assessed to determine if mutations were germline or somatic. All dogs had TRAF3 and POT1 assessed by Sanger sequencing. The prevalence of deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in cBCL was 36% and 17%, respectively. A deleterious TRAF3 mutation was suspected to be germline in 1/5 cases with matched non-tumour DNA available for comparison. Deleterious mutations were not found in specimens from the non-cBCL group. Several synonymous variants were identified in both genes in cBCL and non-cBCL samples, which likely represent polymorphisms. These results indicate TRAF3 and POT1 mutations are common in cBCL. Deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations were only identified in dogs with cBCL, and not in dogs with non-cBCL diseases, suggesting they are important in the pathogenesis of cBCL. Future studies to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these mutations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A D Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E M Waugh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Crichton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - R F Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - J S Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Gray M, Meehan J, Turnbull AK, Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:598338. [PMID: 33282935 PMCID: PMC7688625 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.598338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating individual patients on the basis of specific factors, such as biomarkers, molecular signatures, phenotypes, environment, and lifestyle is what differentiates the precision medicine initiative from standard treatment regimens. Although precision medicine can be applied to almost any branch of medicine, it is perhaps most easily applied to the field of oncology. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, meaning that even though patients may be histologically diagnosed with the same cancer type, their tumors may have different molecular characteristics, genetic mutations or tumor microenvironments that can influence prognosis or treatment response. In this review, we describe what methods are currently available to clinicians that allow them to monitor key tumor microenvironmental parameters in a way that could be used to achieve precision medicine for cancer patients. We further describe exciting novel research involving the use of implantable medical devices for precision medicine, including those developed for mapping tumor microenvironment parameters (e.g., O2, pH, and cancer biomarkers), delivering local drug treatments, assessing treatment responses, and monitoring for recurrence and metastasis. Although these research studies have predominantly focused on and were tailored to humans, the results and concepts are equally applicable to veterinary patients. While veterinary clinical studies that have adopted a precision medicine approach are still in their infancy, there have been some exciting success stories. These have included the development of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for canine mast cell tumors and the production of a PCR assay to monitor the chemotherapeutic response of canine high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Although precision medicine is an exciting area of research, it currently has failed to gain significant translation into human and veterinary healthcare practices. In order to begin to address this issue, there is increasing awareness that cross-disciplinary approaches involving human and veterinary clinicians, engineers and chemists may be needed to help advance precision medicine toward its full integration into human and veterinary clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Y. Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Variation of apoptotic and proliferative activity among lymphoma subtypes in dogs: A flow cytometric study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:324-328. [PMID: 33779558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth depends on both proliferative and apoptotic rate of neoplastic cells. High proliferation index is a well-known negative prognostic factor in canine lymphomas, whereas little is known about apoptotic activity. We describe proliferative and apoptotic rates in different canine lymphoma subtypes at diagnosis. Flow cytometry (FC) was used to assess the percentage of proliferating cells (Ki67%) and of apoptotic cells (AnnV%) in 128 lymph node (LN) aspirates from dogs with lymphoma. Proliferation/apoptosis ratio (PAR) and turnover index (TI; Ki67% + AnnV%) were then calculated for each case. High-grade B-cell lymphomas showed high values for both Ki67% and AnnV%, low-grade B-cell lymphomas showed low Ki67% and high AnnV%, high-grade T-cell lymphomas showed high Ki67% and low AnnV%, and low-grade T-cell lymphomas showed low levels of both parameters. Lymphoblastic lymphomas had the highest PAR values. High-grade B-cell lymphomas had the highest TI values while small clear cells lymphomas the lowest. The panorama of proliferative and apoptotic activity widely varies among lymphoma subtypes. Our results lay the ground for future clinical and pharmacological studies.
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30
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Craun K, Ekena J, Sacco J, Jiang T, Motsinger‐Reif A, Trepanier LA. Genetic and environmental risk for lymphoma in boxer dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2068-2077. [PMID: 32667715 PMCID: PMC7517848 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in humans is associated with environmental chemical exposures, and risk is enhanced by genetic variants in glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzymes. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that boxer dogs, a breed at risk for lymphoma, would have a higher prevalence of GST variants with predicted low activity, and greater accumulated DNA damage, compared to other breeds. We also hypothesized that lymphoma in boxers would be associated with specific environmental exposures and a higher prevalence of canine GST variants. ANIMALS Fifty-four healthy boxers and 56 age-matched nonboxer controls; 63 boxers with lymphoma and 89 unaffected boxers ≥10 years old. METHODS We resequenced variant loci in canine GSTT1, GSTT5, GSTM1, and GSTP1 and compared endogenous DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes of boxers and nonboxers using the comet assay. We also compared GST variants and questionnaire-based environmental exposures in boxers with and without lymphoma. RESULTS Endogenous DNA damage did not differ between boxers and nonboxers. Boxers with lymphoma were more likely to live within 10 miles of a nuclear power plant and within 2 miles of a chemical supplier or crematorium. Lymphoma risk was not modulated by known canine GST variants. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Proximity to nuclear power plants, chemical suppliers, and crematoria were significant risk factors for lymphoma in this population of boxers. These results support the hypothesis that aggregate exposures to environmental chemicals and industrial waste may contribute to lymphoma risk in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Craun
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Joanne Ekena
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - James Sacco
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesDes MoinesIowaUSA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of StatisticsNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alison Motsinger‐Reif
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, NIEHSDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of StatisticsNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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31
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Zhao K, Zhang Q, Cong R, Wang Y, Wang Z, Song N. Primary renal lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. AME Case Rep 2020; 4:8. [PMID: 32420531 DOI: 10.21037/acr.2019.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although renal involvement is common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), primary renal NHL is a rare disease. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of NHL and is responsible for 30-40% of adult NHL cases globally. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old man with right flank pain who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for an enlarged right kidney, with evidence of an infiltrating mass. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed primary renal DLBCL. Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is quite rare, and clinicians should try to ensure early diagnosis and treatment with standardized and systematic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Rahe MC, Dvorak CMT, Wiseman B, Martin D, Murtaugh MP. Establishment and characterization of a porcine B cell lymphoma cell line. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111986. [PMID: 32240660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available, well characterized, established, domestic porcine cell lines hinders the advancement of porcine cellular immunology. A case of multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed in a market weight pig at the time of slaughter. Affected lymph nodes and spleen were collected and used for single cell isolation and analysis. Cell lines were established by 3 rounds of limiting dilution from splenic and subiliac lymph node lymphomas. Surface marker staining identified the cells as CD21+, CD79a+, CD20+, PAX5+, and CD3- and cells were grown and easily passaged in cell culture. Transcriptome analysis was carried out to further characterize these rapidly proliferating cells validating the initial cytometric findings, confirming their identity as B cell lymphomas, and suggesting that they arose from germinal center centroblasts with aberrant control of BCL6 expression. Functional analysis identified the cells as being involved in cancer, cell movement, cell survival, and apoptosis. These new porcine B cell lymphoma cell lines will be a valuable resource for more in-depth cellular investigations into the porcine immune system and cancer, as well as providing a potential tool for the growth of lymphotropic viruses of pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Cheryl M T Dvorak
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Barry Wiseman
- Triumph Foods, LLC, 5302 Stockyards Expressway, Saint Joseph, MO, 64504, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Angels Veterinary Express, 11519 State Hwy C, Savannah, MO, 64485, USA
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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33
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Lucroy MD, Suckow MA. Predictive modeling for cancer drug discovery using canine models. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:731-738. [PMID: 32176534 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1739644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rodent models of cancer lack many features associated with the disease in humans. Because dogs closely share an environment with humans, as well as comparable pathophysiology of cancer, they represent a powerful model with which to study novel approaches to cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize the weaknesses of rodent models of cancer and the ongoing need for better animal models with which to study potential therapeutic approaches. The homology of cancer in dogs and humans is described, along with examples specific to several common cancer types. EXPERT OPINION Laboratory mice and rats will continue to play a central role in cancer research; however, because of a variety of limitations, pet dogs with spontaneous cancer offer unique opportunities for research and should be included in the preclinical development of therapeutic compounds. Environmental homology between dogs and humans, along with biological and molecular similarities present circumstances that strengthen the translational rigor of studies conducted using canine patients. Progress will depend on a sufficient number of dogs to be diagnosed with cancer and available for use in studies; and essential to this will be the availability of enhanced resources for diagnosis of cancer in canine patients and reliable coordination between research scientists, veterinarians, and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lucroy
- Vice President, Oncology, Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
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34
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Giannuzzi D, Giudice L, Marconato L, Ferraresso S, Giugno R, Bertoni F, Aresu L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, methylome and copy number aberrations data of marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in dog. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:645-655. [PMID: 32154977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B-cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and FL (n = 7), also comparing them with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Transcriptome profiling highlighted the presence of similar biological processes affecting both histotypes, including BCR and TLR signalling pathways. However, FLs showed an enrichment of E2F targets, whereas MZLs were characterized by MYC-driven transcriptional activation signatures. FLs showed a distinctive loss on chr1 containing CEACAM23 and 24, conversely MZLs presented multiple recurrent gains on chr13, where MYC is located. The distribution of methylation peaks was similar between the two histotypes. Integrating data from the three omics, FLs resulted clearly separated from MZLs and DLBCL dataset. MZLs showed the enrichment of FoxM1 network and TLR associated TICAM1-dependent IRFs activation pathway. However, no specific signatures differentiated MZLs from DLBCLs. In conclusion, our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of molecular and epigenetic pathogenesis of canine FL and MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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35
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Polton G, Stell AJ, Szladovits B, Macfarlane M, Peters LM, Priestnall SL, Bacon NJ, Kow K, Stewart S, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Lymphoma in Dogs Reveals Dichotomous Metabolic Signatures Distinguished by Oxidative Phosphorylation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32211332 PMCID: PMC7069556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has revealed molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both humans and dogs. Two DLBCL subtypes based on cell of origin are generally recognized, germinal center B (GCB)-like and activated B cell (ABC)-like. A pilot study to characterize the transcriptomic phenotype of 11 dogs with multicentric BCL yielded two molecular subtypes distinguished on the basis of genes important in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a metabolic classification of canine BCL that transcends cell of origin and shows parallels to a similar molecular phenotype in human DLBCL. We thus confirm the validity of this classification scheme across widely divergent mammalian taxa and add to the growing body of literature suggesting cellular and molecular similarities between human and canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our data support a One Health approach to the study of DLBCL, including the advancement of novel therapies of relevance to both canine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin Kow
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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36
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Avery AC. The Genetic and Molecular Basis for Canine Models of Human Leukemia and Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:23. [PMID: 32038991 PMCID: PMC6992561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging details of the gene expression and mutational features of canine lymphoma and leukemia demonstrate areas of similarities and differences between disease subsets in the humans and dogs. Many features of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma resemble the ABC form of human DLBCL, including constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway, and almost universal presence of double expressing MYC/BCL2 lymphomas. Frequent TRAF3 mutations and absence of BCL6 expression are differences with the human disease that need further exploration. Canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma is more common in dogs than in people and behaves in a similarly aggressive manner. Common features of canine and human PTCL include activation of the PI3 kinase pathways, loss of PTEN, and the tumor suppressor CDKN2. There is insufficient data available yet to determine if canine PTCL exhibits the GATA3-TBX21 dichotomy seen in people. Common to all forms of canine lymphoproliferative disease are breed-specific predilections for subsets of disease. This is particularly striking in PTCL, with the Boxer breed being dramatically overrepresented. Breed-specific diseases provide an opportunity for uncovering genetic and environmental risk factors that can aid early diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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37
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Wolf-Ringwall A, Lopez L, Elmslie R, Fowler B, Lori J, Sfiligoi G, Skope A, Arnold E, Hughes KL, Thamm DH, Ehrhart EJ, Avery AC, Lana SE. Prospective evaluation of flow cytometric characteristics, histopathologic diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with naïve B-cell lymphoma treated with a 19-week CHOP protocol. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:342-352. [PMID: 31682319 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine B-cell lymphoma is a clinically heterogenous disease; however, it is generally treated as a single disease entity. The purpose of this clinical trial was to prospectively evaluate naïve canine B-cell lymphoma patients using histopathology, flow cytometry (FC) and a standardized chemotherapy protocol to better define subsets of this disease that may respond differently to treatment. Sixty-four dogs with naïve multicentric B-cell lymphoma were treated with a standardized 19-week CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy protocol. Most of the dogs (84.3%) were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by nodal marginal zone (7.8%), small B-cell (4.7%), Burkitt-like (1.6%) and follicular lymphoma (1.6%). FC confirmed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma in all cases. There were no clear phenotyping differences between the subtypes of B-cell lymphoma detectable by our FC panel. The histologic subtypes in this study exhibited a range of forward scatter values on flow cytometry, but all of the DLBCL cases were higher than a value of 469, while the only cases with a lower forward scatter value were follicular lymphoma and diffuse small B-cell lymphoma. Dogs with DLBCL had a significantly better objective response rate to the CHOP protocol (96.3%) than the non-DLBCL subtypes (70%, P = .024). The median progression-free survival time for patients with DLBCL (233 days) was significantly longer than that of all other histopathologic subgroups combined (163 days, P = .0005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Wolf-Ringwall
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lynelle Lopez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Robyn Elmslie
- VRCC Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Brooke Fowler
- Aspen Meadow Veterinary Specialists, Longmont, Colorado
| | - Janet Lori
- Animal Emergency and Specialty Center, Parker, Colorado
| | - Gabriella Sfiligoi
- Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital and Veterinary Specialists, Wheat Ridge, Colorado
| | - Anne Skope
- VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, Colorado
| | - Erin Arnold
- VRCC Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anne C Avery
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Susan E Lana
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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38
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Overgaard NH, Fan TM, Schachtschneider KM, Principe DR, Schook LB, Jungersen G. Of Mice, Dogs, Pigs, and Men: Choosing the Appropriate Model for Immuno-Oncology Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:247-262. [PMID: 30476148 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays dual roles in response to cancer. The host immune system protects against tumor formation via immunosurveillance; however, recognition of the tumor by immune cells also induces sculpting mechanisms leading to a Darwinian selection of tumor cell variants with reduced immunogenicity. Cancer immunoediting is the concept used to describe the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system. This concept, commonly referred to as the three E's, is encompassed by 3 distinct phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Despite impressive results in the clinic, cancer immunotherapy still has room for improvement as many patients remain unresponsive to therapy. Moreover, many of the preclinical results obtained in the widely used mouse models of cancer are lost in translation to human patients. To improve the success rate of immuno-oncology research and preclinical testing of immune-based anticancer therapies, using alternative animal models more closely related to humans is a promising approach. Here, we describe 2 of the major alternative model systems: canine (spontaneous) and porcine (experimental) cancer models. Although dogs display a high rate of spontaneous tumor formation, an increased number of genetically modified porcine models exist. We suggest that the optimal immuno-oncology model may depend on the stage of cancer immunoediting in question. In particular, the spontaneous canine tumor models provide a unique platform for evaluating therapies aimed at the escape phase of cancer, while genetically engineered swine allow for elucidation of tumor-immune cell interactions especially during the phases of elimination and equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana H Overgaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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39
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Migliorini D, Mason NJ, Posey AD. Keeping the Engine Running: The Relevance and Predictive Value of Preclinical Models for CAR-T Cell Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:276-285. [PMID: 31095687 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular immunotherapy field has achieved important milestones in the last 30 years towards the treatment of a variety of cancers due to improvements in ex-vivo T cell manufacturing processes, the invention of synthetic T cell receptors, and advances in cellular engineering. Here, we discuss major preclinical models that have been useful for the validation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and also promising new models that will fuel future investigations towards success. However, multiple unanswered questions in the CAR-T cell field remain to be addressed that will require innovative preclinical models. Key challenges facing the field include premature immune rejection of universal CAR-T cells and the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Immune competent models that accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, the hostile tumor microenvironment, and barriers to CAR-T cell homing, toxicity, and persistence are needed for further advancement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Migliorini
- University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
| | - Nicola J Mason
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; and Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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40
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Regan D, Garcia K, Thamm D. Clinical, Pathological, and Ethical Considerations for the Conduct of Clinical Trials in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer: A Comparative Approach to Accelerate Translational Drug Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:99-110. [PMID: 30668709 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of comparative oncology in translational research is receiving increasing attention from drug developers and the greater biomedical research community. Pet dogs with spontaneous cancer are important and underutilized translational models, owing to dogs' large size and relative outbreeding, combined with their high incidence of certain tumor histotypes with significant biological, genetic, and histological similarities to their human tumor counterparts. Dogs with spontaneous tumors naturally develop therapy resistance and spontaneous metastasis, all in the context of an intact immune system. These fundamental features of cancer biology are often lacking in induced or genetically engineered preclinical tumor models and likely contribute to their poor predictive value and the associated overall high failure rate in oncology drug development. Thus, the conduct of clinical trials in pet dogs with naturally occurring cancer represents a viable surrogate and valuable intermediary step that should be increasingly incorporated into the cancer drug discovery and development pipeline. The development of molecular-targeted therapies has resulted in an expanded role of the pathologist in human oncology trials, and similarly the expertise of veterinary pathologists will be increasingly valuable to all phases of comparative oncology trial design and conduct. In this review, we provide a framework of clinical, ethical, and pathology-focused considerations for the increasing integration of translational research investigations in dogs with spontaneous cancer as a means to accelerate clinical cancer discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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41
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Panjwani MK, Atherton MJ, MaloneyHuss MA, Haran KP, Xiong A, Gupta M, Kulikovsaya I, Lacey SF, Mason NJ. Establishing a model system for evaluating CAR T cell therapy using dogs with spontaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1676615. [PMID: 32002286 PMCID: PMC6959441 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple rodent and primate preclinical studies have advanced CAR T cells into the clinic. However, no single model accurately reflects the challenges of effective CAR T therapy in human cancer patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of next-generation CAR T cells that aim to overcome barriers to durable tumor elimination, we developed a system to evaluate CAR T cells in pet dogs with spontaneous cancer. Here we report on this system and the results of a pilot trial using CAR T cells to treat canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We designed and manufactured CD20-targeting, second-generation canine CAR T cells for functional evaluation in vitro and in vivo using lentivectors to parallel human CAR T cell manufacturing. A first-in-species trial of five dogs with DLBCL treated with CAR T was undertaken. Canine CAR T cells functioned in an antigen-specific manner and killed CD20+ targets. Circulating CAR T cells were detectable post-infusion, however, induction of canine anti-mouse antibodies (CAMA) was associated with CAR T cell loss. Specific selection pressure on CD20+ tumors was observed following CAR T cell therapy, culminating in antigen escape and emergence of CD20-disease. Patient survival times correlated with ex vivo product expansion. Altering product manufacturing improved transduction efficiency and skewed toward a memory-like phenotype of canine CAR T cells. Manufacturing of functional canine CAR T cells using a lentivector is feasible. Comparable challenges to effective CAR T cell therapy exist, indicating their relevance in informing future human clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazim Panjwani
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha A MaloneyHuss
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumudhini P Haran
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ailian Xiong
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minnal Gupta
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovsaya
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Translational and Correlative Studies Laboratory (TCSL), Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Cascione L, Giudice L, Ferraresso S, Marconato L, Giannuzzi D, Napoli S, Bertoni F, Giugno R, Aresu L. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Molecular Signatures for Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Characterization. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5030047. [PMID: 31546795 PMCID: PMC6789837 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are the most common B-cell lymphomas (BCL) in dogs. Recent investigations have demonstrated overlaps of these histotypes with the human counterparts, including clinical presentation, biologic behavior, tumor genetics, and treatment response. The molecular mechanisms that underlie canine BCL are still unknown and new studies to improve diagnosis, therapy, and the utilization of canine species as spontaneous animal tumor models are undeniably needed. Recent work using human DLBCL transcriptomes has suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in lymphoma pathogenesis and pinpointed a restricted number of lncRNAs as potential targets for further studies. Results: To expand the knowledge of non-coding molecules involved in canine BCL, we used transcriptomes obtained from a cohort of 62 dogs with newly-diagnosed multicentric DLBCL, MZL and FL that had undergone complete staging work-up and were treated with chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. We developed a customized R pipeline performing a transcriptome assembly by multiple algorithms to uncover novel lncRNAs, and delineate genome-wide expression of unannotated and annotated lncRNAs. Our pipeline also included a new package for high performance system biology analysis, which detects high-scoring network biological neighborhoods to identify functional modules. Moreover, our customized pipeline quantified the expression of novel and annotated lncRNAs, allowing us to subtype DLBCLs into two main groups. The DLBCL subtypes showed statistically different survivals, indicating the potential use of lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in future studies. Conclusions: In this manuscript, we describe the methodology used to identify lncRNAs that differentiate B-cell lymphoma subtypes and we interpreted the biological and clinical values of the results. We inferred the potential functions of lncRNAs to obtain a comprehensive and integrative insight that highlights their impact in this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037 Sasso Marconi BO, Italy.
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Napoli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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43
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Giannuzzi D, Marconato L, Cascione L, Comazzi S, Elgendy R, Pegolo S, Cecchinato A, Bertoni F, Aresu L, Ferraresso S. Mutational landscape of canine B-cell lymphoma profiled at single nucleotide resolution by RNA-seq. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215154. [PMID: 31017932 PMCID: PMC6481796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic landscape in human B-cell lymphoma has revealed several somatic mutations and potentially relevant germline alterations affecting therapy and prognosis. Also, mutations originally described as somatic aberrations have been shown to confer cancer predisposition when occurring in the germline. The relevance of mutations in canine B-cell lymphoma is scarcely known and gene expression profiling has shown similar molecular signatures among different B-cell histotypes, suggesting other biological mechanisms underlining differences. Here, we present a highly accurate approach to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in RNA-seq data obtained from 62 completely staged canine B-cell lymphomas and 11 normal B-cells used as controls. A customized variant discovery pipeline was applied and SNVs were found in tumors and differentiated for histotype. A number of known and not previously identified SNVs were significantly associated to MAPK signaling pathway, negative regulation of apoptotic process and cell death, B-cell activation, NF-kB and JAK-STAT signaling. Interestingly, no significant genetic fingerprints were found separating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from indolent lymphomas suggesting that differences of genetic landscape are not the pivotal causative factor of indolent behavior. We also detected several variants in expressed regions of canine B-cell lymphoma and identified SNVs having a direct impact on genes. Using this brand-new approach the consequence of a gene variant is directly associated to expression. Further investigations are in progress to deeply elucidate the mechanisms by which altered genes pathways may drive lymphomagenesis and a higher number of cases is also demanded to confirm this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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44
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Mochel JP, Ekker SC, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Bourgois-Mochel A, Knouse M, Benzekry S, Wierson W, LeBlanc AK, Kenderian SS. CAR T Cell Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Oncology: Changing the Odds Against Hematological Malignancies. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:50. [PMID: 30963322 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the genome editing era brings forth the promise of adoptive cell transfer using engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for targeted cancer therapy. CAR T cell immunotherapy is probably one of the most encouraging developments for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In 2017, two CAR T cell therapies were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one for the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the other for adult patients with advanced lymphomas. However, despite significant progress in the area, CAR T cell therapy is still in its early days and faces significant challenges, including the complexity and costs associated with the technology. B cell lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic cancer in dogs, with an incidence approaching 0.1% and a total of 20-100 cases per 100,000 individuals. It is a widely accepted naturally occurring model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Current treatment is with combination chemotherapy protocols, which prolong life for less than a year in canines and are associated with severe dose-limiting side effects, such as gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. To date, one canine study generated CAR T cells by transfection of mRNA for CAR domain expression. While this was shown to provide a transient anti-tumor activity, results were modest, indicating that stable, genomic integration of CAR modules is required in order to achieve lasting therapeutic benefit. This commentary summarizes the current state of knowledge on CAR T cell immunotherapy in human medicine and its potential applications in animal health, while discussing the potential of the canine model as a translational system for immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA. .,Iowa State University College of Vet. Medicine, 2448 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011-1250, USA.
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Michael Knouse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Sebastien Benzekry
- Team MONC, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wesley Wierson
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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45
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Fan TM, Selting KA. Exploring the Potential Utility of Pet Dogs With Cancer for Studying Radiation-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death Strategies. Front Oncol 2019; 8:680. [PMID: 30697532 PMCID: PMC6340932 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy serves as a foundational pillar for the therapeutic management of diverse solid tumors through the generation of lethal DNA damage and induction of cell death. While the direct cytotoxic effects of radiation therapy remain a cornerstone for cancer management, in the era of immunooncology there is renewed and focused interest in exploiting the indirect bystander activities of radiation, termed abscopal effects. In radioimmunobiologic terms, abscopal effects describe the radiotherapy-induced regression of cancerous lesions distant from the primary site of radiation delivery and rely upon the induction of immunogenic cell death and consequent systemic anticancer immune activation. Despite the promise of radiation therapy for awaking potent anticancer immune responses, the purposeful harnessing of abscopal effects with radiotherapy remain clinically elusive. In part, failure to fully leverage and clinically implement the promise of radiation-induced abscopal effects stems from limitations associated with existing conventional tumor models which inadequately recapitulate the complexity of malignant transformation and the dynamic nature of tumor immune surveillance. To supplement this existing gap in modeling systems, pet dogs diagnosed with solid tumors including melanoma and osteosarcoma, which are both metastatic and immunogenic in nature, could potentially serve as unique resources for exploring the fundamental underpinnings required for maximizing radiation-induced abscopal effects. Given the spontaneous course of cancer development in the context of operative immune mechanisms, pet dogs treated with radiotherapy for metastatic solid tumors might be leveraged as valuable model systems for realizing the science and best clinical practices necessary to generate potent abscopal effects with anti-metastatic immune activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Fan
- Comparative Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kimberly A Selting
- Comparative Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, United States
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46
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Da Ros S, Aresu L, Ferraresso S, Zorzan E, Gaudio E, Bertoni F, Dacasto M, Giantin M. Validation of epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in canine B-cell lymphoma: An in vitro and in vivo approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208709. [PMID: 30533020 PMCID: PMC6289462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/metabolism
- Dogs
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Da Ros
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zorzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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47
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Assumpção ALFV, Lu Z, Marlowe KW, Shaffer KS, Pan X. Targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme is a new approach to treat canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:606-615. [PMID: 30101447 PMCID: PMC6392197 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common hematologic malignancy of dogs, is associated with poor overall survival. The lack of conventional chemotherapies with sustainable efficacy warrants investigation of novel therapies. Pevonedistat (MLN4924) is a potent and selective small molecule NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor. In human activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, pevonedistat induces lymphoma cell apoptosis, DNA damage and G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Genomic and transcriptomic studies showed that the NF-κB pathway is deregulated in canine DLBCL. Our results showed that pevonedistat treatment significantly reduces the viability of canine DLBCL cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Pevonedistat treatment inhibits NF-κB pathway activation and downregulates NF-κB target genes in canine DLBCL. Moreover, administration of pevonedistat to mice bearing canine DLBCL xenograft tumours resulted in tumour regression. Our in vivo and in vitro studies provide justification for future clinical application of pevonedistat as a potential new anti-cancer therapy that may benefit both canine and human species.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western/veterinary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclopentanes/administration & dosage
- Cyclopentanes/therapeutic use
- Dog Diseases/drug therapy
- Dog Diseases/enzymology
- Dogs
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- NEDD8 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Transplantation/veterinary
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. F. V. Assumpção
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Z. Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - K. W. Marlowe
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - K. S. Shaffer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - X. Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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48
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Whole-Transcriptome Profiling of Canine and Human in Vitro Models Exposed to a G-Quadruplex Binding Small Molecule. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17107. [PMID: 30459395 PMCID: PMC6244004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are secondary nucleic acid structures that have been associated with genomic instability and cancer progression. When present in the promoter of some oncogenes, G4 structures can affect gene regulation and, hence, represent a possible therapeutic target. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to explore the effect of a G4-binding anthraquinone derivative, named AQ1, on the whole-transcriptome profiles of two common cell models for the study of KIT pathways; the human mast cell leukemia (HMC1.2) and the canine mast cell tumor (C2). The highest non-cytotoxic dose of AQ1 (2 µM) resulted in 5441 and 1201 differentially expressed genes in the HMC1.2 and C2 cells, respectively. In both cell lines, major pathways such as cell cycle progression, KIT- and MYC-related pathways were negatively enriched in the AQ1-treated group, while other pathways such as p53, apoptosis and hypoxia-related were positively enriched. These findings suggest that AQ1 treatment induces a similar functional response in the human and canine cell models, and provide news insights into using dogs as a reliable translational model for studying G4-binding compounds.
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49
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McDonald JT, Kritharis A, Beheshti A, Pilichowska M, Burgess K, Ricks-Santi L, McNiel E, London CA, Ravi D, Evens AM. Comparative oncology DNA sequencing of canine T cell lymphoma via human hotspot panel. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22693-22702. [PMID: 29854308 PMCID: PMC5978258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is an uncommon and aggressive form of human cancer. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in canines (companion animals), with TCL representing approximately 30% of diagnoses. Collectively, the canine is an appealing model for cancer research given the spontaneous occurrence of cancer, intact immune system, and phytogenetic proximity to humans. We sought to establish mutational congruence of the canine with known human TCL mutations in order to identify potential actionable oncogenic pathways. Following pathologic confirmation, DNA was sequenced in 16 canine TCL (cTCL) cases using a custom Human Cancer Hotspot Panel of 68 genes commonly mutated in human TCL. Sequencing identified 4,527,638 total reads with average length of 229 bases containing 346 unique variants and 1,474 total variants; each sample had an average of 92 variants. Among these, there were 258 germline and 32 somatic variants. Among the 32 somatic variants there were 8 missense variants, 1 splice junction variant and the remaining were intron or synonymous variants. A frequency of 4 somatic mutations per sample were noted with >7 mutations detected in MET, KDR, STK11 and BRAF. Expression of these associated proteins were also detected via Western blot analyses. In addition, Sanger sequencing confirmed three variants of high quality (MYC, MET, and TP53 missense mutation). Taken together, the mutational spectrum and protein analyses showed mutations in signaling pathways similar to human TCL and also identified novel mutations that may serve as drug targets as well as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athena Kritharis
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Kristine Burgess
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth McNiel
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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50
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Phase I/II evaluation of RV1001, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, in spontaneous canine lymphoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195357. [PMID: 29689086 PMCID: PMC5915681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RV1001 is a novel, potent, and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RV1001 in canine Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods and results Inhibition of endogenous pAKT by RV1001 in primary canine NHL cells was determined by Western blotting. A phase I study of RV1001 was performed in 21 dogs with naïve and drug resistant T and B-cell NHL to assess safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and response to therapy. The objective response rate was 62% (complete response (CR) n = 3; partial response (PR) n = 10), and responses were observed in both naïve and chemotherapy-resistant B and T cell NHL. This study provided the recommended starting dose for a phase II, non-pivotal, exploratory, open label multi-centered clinical trial in 35 dogs with naïve and drug resistant T and B-cell NHL, to further define the efficacy and safety profile of RV1001. The objective response rate in the phase II study was 77% (CR n = 1; PR n = 26). Clinical toxicities were primarily hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal, and were responsive to dose modifications and/or temporary drug discontinuation. Hepatotoxicity was the primary dose limiting toxicity. Conclusions RV1001 exhibits good oral bioavailability, an acceptable safety profile, and biologic activity with associated inhibition of pAKT in dogs with B and T cell NHL. Data from these studies can be leveraged to help inform the design of future studies involving isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors in humans.
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