1
|
Hussan H, Ali MR, Lyo V, Webb A, Pietrzak M, Zhu J, Choueiry F, Li H, Cummings BP, Marco ML, Medici V, Clinton SK. Bariatric Surgery Is Associated with Lower Concentrations of Fecal Secondary Bile Acids and Their Metabolizing Microbial Enzymes: A Pilot Study. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07420-0. [PMID: 39042309 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess body fat elevates colorectal cancer risk. While bariatric surgery (BRS) induces significant weight loss, its effects on the fecal stream and colon biology are poorly understood. Specifically, limited data exist on the impact of bariatric surgery (BRS) on fecal secondary bile acids (BA), including lithocholic acid (LCA), a putative promotor of colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 44 patients with obesity; 15 pre-BRS (controls) vs. 29 at a median of 24.1 months post-BRS. We examined the fecal concentrations of 11 BA by liquid chromatography and gene abundance of BA-metabolizing bacterial enzymes through fecal metagenomic sequencing. Differences were quantified using non-parametric tests for BA levels and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) for genes encoding BA-metabolizing enzymes. RESULTS Total fecal secondary BA concentrations trended towards lower levels post- vs. pre-BRS controls (p = 0.07). Individually, fecal LCA concentrations were significantly lower post- vs. pre-BRS (8477.0 vs. 11,914.0 uM/mg, p < 0.008). Consistent with this finding, fecal bacterial genes encoding BA-metabolizing enzymes, specifically 3-betahydroxycholanate-3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.391) and 3-alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.52), were also lower post- vs. pre-BRS controls (LDA of - 3.32 and - 2.64, respectively, adjusted p < 0.0001). Post-BRS fecal BA concentrations showed significant inverse correlations with weight loss, a healthy diet quality, and increased physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of LCA, a secondary BA, and bacterial genes needed for BA metabolism are lower post-BRS. These changes can impact health and modulate the colorectal cancer cascade. Further research is warranted to examine how surgical alterations and the associated dietary changes impact bile acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA.
- The UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Mohamed R Ali
- Division of Foregut, Metabolic, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Victoria Lyo
- Division of Foregut, Metabolic, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hong Li
- The UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malin SK, Syeda UA. Exercise Training Independent of Intensity Lowers Plasma Bile Acids in Prediabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1009-1017. [PMID: 38190376 PMCID: PMC11096085 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with obesity have high circulating bile acids (BA). Although aerobic fitness favors low circulating BA, the effect of training intensity before clinically meaningful weight loss on BA is unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that 2 wk of interval (INT) versus continuous (CONT) exercise would lower plasma BA in relation to insulin sensitivity. METHODS Twenty-three older adults with prediabetes (ADA criteria) were randomized to 12 work-matched bouts of INT ( n = 11, 60.3 ± 2.4 yr, 32.1 ± 1.2 kg·m -2 ) at 3 min at 50% HR peak and 3 min at 90% HR peak or CONT ( n = 12, 60.8 ± 2.4 yr, 34.0 ± 1.7 kg·m -2 ) at 70% HR peak cycling training for 60 min·d -1 over 2 wk. A 180-min 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to assess glucose tolerance (tAUC), insulin sensitivity (Siis), and metabolic flexibility (RER postprandial -RER fast ; indirect calorimetry). BA ( n = 8 conjugated and 7 unconjugated) were analyzed at 0, 30, and 60 min of the OGTT. Anthropometrics and fitness (V̇O 2peak ) were also assessed. RESULTS INT and CONT comparably reduced body mass index (BMI; P < 0.001) and fasting RER ( P < 0.001) but raised insulin sensitivity ( P = 0.03). INT increased V̇O 2peak as compared with CONT ( P = 0.01). Exercise decreased the unconjugated BA chenodeoxycholic acid iAUC 60min ( P < 0.001), deoxycholic acid iAUC 60min ( P < 0.001), lithocholic acid iAUC 60min ( P < 0.001), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) iAUC 60min ( P < 0.001). Comparable reductions were also seen in the conjugated BA hyodeoxycholic acid iAUC 60min ( P = 0.01) and taurolithocholic acid iAUC 60min ( P = 0.007). Increased V̇O 2peak was associated with lowered UDCA 0min ( r = -0.56, P = 0.02) and cholic acid iAUC 60min ( r = -0.60, P = 0.005), whereas reduced BMI was related to higher GDCA 0min ( r = 0.60, P = 0.005) and GCDCA 0min ( r = 0.53, P = 0.01). Improved insulin sensitivity correlated with lower GCDCA iAUC 60min ( r = -0.45, P = 0.03) and GDCA iAUC 60min ( r = -0.48, P = 0.02), whereas increased metabolic flexibility was related to deoxycholic acid iAUC 60min ( r = 0.64, P = 0.004) and GCDCA iAUC 60min ( r = 0.43, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short-term training lowers some BA in relation to insulin sensitivity independent of intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition; Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vandecruys M, De Smet S, De Beir J, Renier M, Leunis S, Van Criekinge H, Glorieux G, Raes J, Vanden Wyngaert K, Nagler E, Calders P, Monbaliu D, Cornelissen V, Evenepoel P, Van Craenenbroeck AH. Revitalizing the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Physical Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:242. [PMID: 38922137 PMCID: PMC11209503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Both physical inactivity and disruptions in the gut microbiome appear to be prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Engaging in physical activity could present a novel nonpharmacological strategy for enhancing the gut microbiome and mitigating the adverse effects associated with microbial dysbiosis in individuals with CKD. This narrative review explores the underlying mechanisms through which physical activity may favorably modulate microbial health, either through direct impact on the gut or through interorgan crosstalk. Also, the development of microbial dysbiosis and its interplay with physical inactivity in patients with CKD are discussed. Mechanisms and interventions through which physical activity may restore gut homeostasis in individuals with CKD are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Vandecruys
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
| | - Stefan De Smet
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Jasmine De Beir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Marie Renier
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Sofie Leunis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Hanne Van Criekinge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karsten Vanden Wyngaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Evi Nagler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
- Transplantoux Foundation, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Véronique Cornelissen
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li RY, Guo L. Exercise in Diabetic Nephropathy: Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3605. [PMID: 38612417 PMCID: PMC11012151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its progression is influenced by factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Compared to drug treatment, exercise offers a cost-effective and low-risk approach to slowing down DN progression. Through multiple ways and mechanisms, exercise helps to control blood sugar and blood pressure and reduce serum creatinine and albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage. This review explores the beneficial effects of exercise on DN improvement and highlights its potential mechanisms for ameliorating DN. In-depth understanding of the role and mechanism of exercise in improving DN would pave the way for formulating safe and effective exercise programs for the treatment and prevention of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ying Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldanzi G, Sayols-Baixeras S, Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom Ö, Dekkers KF, Hammar U, Nguyen D, Ahmad S, Ericson U, Arvidsson D, Börjesson M, Johanson PJ, Smith JG, Bergström G, Lind L, Engström G, Ärnlöv J, Kennedy B, Orho-Melander M, Fall T. Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104989. [PMID: 38301483 PMCID: PMC10844941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. METHODS In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing. FINDINGS Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species. FUNDING European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Baldanzi
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koen F Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diem Nguyen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shafqat Ahmad
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Preventive Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Lifestyle Intervention, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Geriatric and Acute Medicine Östra, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter J Johanson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Gustav Smith
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Kennedy
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tove Fall
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nowiński A, Chabowski D, Giebułtowicz J, Aleksandrowicz M, Ufnal M. Deoxycholic Acid, a Secondary Bile Acid, Increases Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 38201862 PMCID: PMC10781055 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid produced by gut bacteria. Elevated serum concentrations of DCA are observed in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that DCA might influence hemodynamic parameters in rats. METHODS The concentration of DCA in systemic blood was measured with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated in anesthetized, male, 3-4-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats administered intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with investigated compounds. Mesenteric artery (MA) reactivity was tested ex vivo. RESULTS The baseline plasma concentration of DCA was 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/L. The oral antibiotic treatment produced a large decrease in the concentration. Administered IV, the compound increased BP and HR in a dose-dependent manner. DCA also increased heart contractility and cardiac output. None of the tested compounds-prazosin (an alpha-blocker), propranolol (beta-adrenolytic), atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), glibenclamide (K-ATP inhibitor) or DY 268 (FXR antagonist), glycyrrhetinic acid (11HSD2 inhibitor)-significantly diminished the DCA-induced pressor effect. ICV infusion did not exert significant HR or BP changes. DCA relaxed MAs. Systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS DCA elevates BP primarily by augmenting cardiac output. As a metabolite derived from gut bacteria, DCA potentially serves as a mediator in the interaction between the gut microbiota and the host's circulatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Nowiński
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.C.); (M.U.)
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.C.); (M.U.)
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Aleksandrowicz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.C.); (M.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
India-Aldana S, Rundle AG, Quinn JW, Clendenen TV, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Liu M, Neckerman KM, Thorpe LE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Chen Y. Long-Term Exposure to Walkable Residential Neighborhoods and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancer in the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107001. [PMID: 37791759 PMCID: PMC10548871 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of walkability has been associated with a reduced risk of obesity and higher levels of physical activity. Obesity has been linked to increased risk of 13 cancers in women. However, long-term prospective studies of neighborhood walkability and risk for obesity-related cancer are scarce. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between long-term average neighborhood walkability and obesity-related cancer risk in women. METHODS The New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) is a prospective cohort with 14,274 women recruited between 1985 and 1991 in New York City and followed over nearly three decades. We geocoded residential addresses for each participant throughout follow-up and calculated an average annual measure of neighborhood walkability across years of follow-up using data on population density and accessibility to destinations associated with geocoded residential addresses. We used ICD-9 codes to characterize first primary obesity-related cancers and employed Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between average neighborhood walkability and risk of overall and site-specific obesity-related cancers. RESULTS Residing in neighborhoods with a higher walkability level was associated with a reduced risk of overall and site-specific obesity-related cancers. The hazards ratios associated with a 1-standard deviation increase in average annual neighborhood walkability were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.93) for overall obesity-related cancer, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) for postmenopausal breast cancer, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.99) for ovarian cancer, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.99) for endometrial cancer, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94) for multiple myeloma, adjusting for potential confounders at both the individual and neighborhood level. The association between neighborhood walkability and risk of overall obesity-related cancer was stronger among women living in neighborhoods with higher levels of poverty compared with women living in areas with lower poverty levels (p Interaction = 0.006 ). DISCUSSION Our study highlights a potential protective role of neighborhood walkability in preventing obesity-related cancers in women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11538.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James W. Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tess V. Clendenen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen L. Koenig
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Neckerman
- Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E. Thorpe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grosicki GJ, Pugh J, Wosinska L, Quilter K, Mattimoe D, Allen J, Joyce SA, O'Sullivan O, Close GL. Ultra-Endurance triathlon competition shifts fecal metabolome independent of changes to microbiome composition. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:549-558. [PMID: 37391884 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding changes to gut microbiota composition and metabolic output in response to acute exercise may be necessary for understanding the mechanisms mediating the long-term health and performance benefits of exercise. Our primary objective was to characterize acute changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome following participation in an ultra-endurance (3.9 km swim, 180.2 km bike, 42.2 km run) triathlon. An exploratory aim was to determine associations between athlete-specific factors [race performance (i.e., completion time) and lifetime years of endurance training] with pre-race gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Stool samples from 12 triathletes (9 males/3 females; 43 ± 14 yr, 23 ± 2 kg/m2) were collected ≤48 h before and the first bowel movement following race completion. Intra- and inter-individual diversity of bacterial species and individual bacterial taxa were unaltered following race completion (P > 0.05). However, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in free and secondary bile acids [deoxycholic acid (DCA), 12-keto-lithocholic acid (12-ketoLCA)] and short-chain fatty acids (butyric and pivalic acids), and significant increases (P < 0.05) in long-chain fatty acids (oleic and palmitoleic acids) were observed. Exploratory analyses revealed several associations between pre-race bacterial taxa and fecal metabolites with race performance and lifetime history of endurance training (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that 1) acute ultra-endurance exercise shifts microbial metabolism independent of changes to community composition and 2) athlete performance level and training history relate to resting-state gut microbial ecology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to characterize acute changes in gut microbial ecology and metabolism following an ultra-endurance triathlon. We demonstrate changes in gut microbial community function, but not structure, as well as several associations between gut microbiome and fecal metabolome characteristics with race completion time and lifetime history of endurance training. These data add to a small but growing body of literature seeking to characterize the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the gut microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University - Armstrong Campus, Savannah, Georgia, United States
| | - Jamie Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Wosinska
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Karina Quilter
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darragh Mattimoe
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jacob Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States
| | - Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scriven M, McSweeney A, O'Carroll T, Morkl S, Butler MI. The Muscle-Gut-Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200214. [PMID: 37080945 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded "muscle-gut-brain axis" (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure. The therapeutic role of exercise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms is widely recognised, and the potential role of the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle link is discussed within this context. Potential pathways of communication involved in the MuGBA including the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, intestinal permeability, immune modulation, and bacterial metabolites such as short-chain-fatty-acids are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Scriven
- St Loman's Psychiatric Hospital, Delvin Road, Mullingar, County Westmeath, N91T3PR, Ireland
| | - Angela McSweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
| | | | - Sabrina Morkl
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mary I Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heinle JW, DiJoseph K, Sabag A, Oh S, Kimball SR, Keating S, Stine JG. Exercise Is Medicine for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Exploration of Putative Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112452. [PMID: 37299416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise remains a key component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. The mechanisms that underpin improvements in NAFLD remain the focus of much exploration in our attempt to better understand how exercise benefits patients with NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature in terms of mechanistic studies which explore the role of exercise training in modulating fatty acid metabolism, reducing hepatic inflammation, and improving liver fibrosis. This review highlights that beyond simple energy expenditure, the activation of key receptors and pathways may influence the degree of NAFLD-related improvements with some pathways being sensitive to exercise type, intensity, and volume. Importantly, each therapeutic target of exercise training in this review is also the focus of previous or ongoing drug development studies in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and even when a regulatory-agency-approved drug comes to market, exercise will likely remain an integral component in the clinical management of patients with NAFLD and NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Westley Heinle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kara DiJoseph
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Angelo Sabag
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sechang Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura 300-0032, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shelley Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Fatty Liver Program, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, Okafor CD, Patterson AD. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:236-247. [PMID: 36253479 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As additional bacterial enzymes are characterized, and the tools used for identifying new bile acids become increasingly more sensitive, the repertoire of bile acids metabolized and/or synthesized by bacteria continues to grow. Additionally, bile acids impact microbiome community structure and function. In this Review, we highlight how the bile acid pool is manipulated by the gut microbiota, how it is dependent on the metabolic capacity of the bacterial community and how external factors, such as antibiotics and diet, shape bile acid composition. It is increasingly important to understand how bile acid signalling networks are affected in distinct organs where the bile acid composition differs, and how these networks impact infectious, metabolic and neoplastic diseases. These advances have enabled the development of therapeutics that target imbalances in microbiota-associated bile acid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Health Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ehtezazi T, Rahman K, Davies R, Leach AG. The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:173-211. [PMID: 36994114 PMCID: PMC10041467 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids (deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) when compared to control subjects. The elevated serum bile acids may be the result of hepatic peroxisomal dysfunction. Circulating hydrophobic bile acids are able to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote the formation of amyloid-β plaques through enhancing the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic bile acid may find their ways into the neurons via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It has been shown that hydrophobic bile acids impose their pathological effects by activating farnesoid X receptor and suppressing bile acid synthesis in the brain, blocking NMDA receptors, lowering brain oxysterol levels, and interfering with 17β-estradiol actions such as LCA by binding to E2 receptors (molecular modelling data exclusive to this paper). Hydrophobic bile acids may interfere with the sonic hedgehog signaling through alteration of cell membrane rafts and reducing brain 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. This article will 1) analyze the pathological roles of circulating hydrophobic bile acids in the brain, 2) propose therapeutic approaches, and 3) conclude that consideration be given to reducing/monitoring toxic bile acid levels in patients with AD or aMCI, prior/in combination with other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- The Walton Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan S, Yang J, Jian Y, Lei Y, Yao S, Hu Z, Liu X, Tang C, Liu W. Treadmill Exercise Modulates Intestinal Microbes and Suppresses LPS Displacement to Alleviate Neuroinflammation in the Brains of APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194134. [PMID: 36235786 PMCID: PMC9572649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs throughout the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice and the potential involvement of microbe–gut–brain axis (MGB) mechanisms based on growing evidence that AD’s pathogenesis is correlated with a deterioration in the function of gut microbiota. APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice were subjected to 12 weeks of treadmill exercise, followed by spatial memory tests. After the behavioral study, the amyloid (Aβ) pathology, gut microbes and metabolites, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displacement, and degree of neuroinflammation were analyzed. We found that this strategy of exercise enriched gut microbial diversity and alleviated neuroinflammation in the brain. Notably, exercise led to reductions in pathogenic bacteria such as intestinal Allobaculum, increases in probiotic bacteria such as Akkermansia, increased levels of intestine–brain barrier proteins, and attenuated LPS displacement. These results suggest that prolonged exercise can effectively modulate gut microbes and the intestinal barrier and thereby reduce LPS displacement and ultimately alleviate AD-related neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Jialun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Sisi Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Babu AF, Csader S, Männistö V, Tauriainen MM, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Klåvus A, Koistinen V, Hanhineva K, Schwab U. Effects of exercise on NAFLD using non-targeted metabolomics in adipose tissue, plasma, urine, and stool. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6485. [PMID: 35444259 PMCID: PMC9019539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which exercise benefits patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, remain poorly understood. A non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics analysis was used to identify metabolic changes associated with NAFLD in humans upon exercise intervention (without diet change) across four different sample types—adipose tissue (AT), plasma, urine, and stool. Altogether, 46 subjects with NAFLD participated in this randomized controlled intervention study. The intervention group (n = 21) performed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 12 weeks while the control group (n = 25) kept their sedentary lifestyle. The participants' clinical parameters and metabolic profiles were compared between baseline and endpoint. HIIT significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose concentration (p = 0.027) and waist circumference (p = 0.028); and increased maximum oxygen consumption rate and maximum achieved workload (p < 0.001). HIIT resulted in sample-type-specific metabolite changes, including accumulation of amino acids and their derivatives in AT and plasma, while decreasing in urine and stool. Moreover, many of the metabolite level changes especially in the AT were correlated with the clinical parameters monitored during the intervention. In addition, certain lipids increased in plasma and decreased in the stool. Glyco-conjugated bile acids decreased in AT and urine. The 12-week HIIT exercise intervention has beneficial ameliorating effects in NAFLD subjects on a whole-body level, even without dietary changes and weight loss. The metabolomics analysis applied to the four different sample matrices provided an overall view on several metabolic pathways that had tissue-type specific changes after HIIT intervention in subjects with NAFLD. The results highlight especially the role of AT in responding to the HIIT challenge, and suggest that altered amino acid metabolism in AT might play a critical role in e.g. improving fasting plasma glucose concentration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03995056).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrin Farizah Babu
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.,Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
India-Aldana S, Rundle AG, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Quinn JW, Kim B, Afanasyeva Y, Clendenen TV, Koenig KL, Liu M, Neckerman KM, Thorpe LE, Chen Y. Neighborhood Walkability and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Women. Epidemiology 2021; 32:763-772. [PMID: 34347687 PMCID: PMC8969891 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of prospective cohort studies evaluating neighborhood walkability in relation to the risk of death. METHODS We geocoded baseline residential addresses of 13,832 women in the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) and estimated the Built Environment and Health Neighborhood Walkability Index (BEH-NWI) for each participant circa 1990. The participants were recruited from 1985 to 1991 in New York City and followed for an average of 27 years. We conducted survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between neighborhood walkability and risk of death from any cause, obesity-related diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, and obesity-related cancers. RESULTS Residing in a neighborhood with a higher neighborhood walkability score was associated with a lower mortality rate. Comparing women in the top versus the lowest walkability tertile, the hazards ratios (and 95% CIs) were 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) for all-cause, 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) for obesity-related disease, and 0.72 (0.62, 0.85) for obesity-related cancer mortality, respectively, adjusting for potential confounders at both the individual and neighborhood level. We found no association between neighborhood walkability and risk of death from cardiometabolic diseases. Results were similar in analyses censoring participants who moved during follow-up, using multiple imputation for missing covariates, and using propensity scores matching women with high and low neighborhood walkability on potential confounders. Exploratory analyses indicate that outdoor walking and average BMI mediated the association between neighborhood walkability and mortality. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with a protective role of neighborhood walkability in obesity-related mortality in women, particularly obesity-related cancer mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - James W. Quinn
- Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University
| | - Byoungjun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tess V. Clendenen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Karen L. Koenig
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorna E. Thorpe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 5 Fl., New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Physical Activity and Stool Metabolite Relationships Among Adults at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1404-1411. [PMID: 34662855 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenomatous polyps are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Physical activity (PA) and spending less time sedentary may reduce risk of polyp recurrence and cancer incidence. This study examined associations between PA, sedentary time, and stool metabolites in adults at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. METHODS Participants were ≥18 years old with ≥1 adenomatous polyps removed in the previous 3 years. PA and sedentary time were assessed using an activPAL™ accelerometer. Stool samples were analyzed for short-chain fatty acids, and primary/secondary bile acid metabolites by mass spectrometry. Linear regression models examined associations between PA, sedentary time, and stool parameters, with dietary fiber as a covariate. RESULTS Participants (N = 21) were 59 (9) years old and had a body mass index of 28.1 (3.35 kg/m2). Light-intensity PA was associated with butyrate (β = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.477 to 3.291) and propionate (β = 1.79; 95% CI, 0.862 to 2.724). Moderate to vigorous PA was associated with deoxycholic acid (β = -6.13; 95% CI, -12.14 to -0.11) and ursodeoxycholic acid (β = -0.45; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.12) abundance. CONCLUSIONS Both light and moderate to vigorous PA were associated with gut microbial metabolite production. These findings suggest the importance of examining PA intensity alongside stool metabolites for colorectal cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
19
|
Resende AS, Leite GSF, Lancha Junior AH. Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082839. [PMID: 34444999 PMCID: PMC8398245 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness and gut bacteria composition of non-obese men with the same nutritional profile. Twenty-four previously sedentary men (age 25.18 [SD 4.66] years, BMI 24.5 [SD 3.72] kg/m2) were randomly assigned into Control (CG; n = 12) or Exercise Groups (EG; n = 12). Body composition, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood markers, dietary habits and gut bacteria composition were evaluated. EG performed 150 min per week of supervised moderate (60–65% of VO2peak) aerobic exercise, while CG maintained their daily routine. The V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and treated using QIIME software. Only EG demonstrated marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, p < 0.05; Effect Size = 0.971) without changes in other gut bacteria-affecting variables. Exercise did not promote clustering based on diversity indices (p > 0.05), although significant variations in an unclassified genus from Clostridiales order and in Streptococcus genus were observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-diversity was correlated with VO2peak (Pearson’s R: 0.47; R2 0.23: 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.74, p = 0.02) and BMI (Pearson’s R: −0.50; R2 0.25: 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12, p = 0.01). Roseburia, Sutterella and Odoribacter genera were associated with VO2peak, while Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium genera were associated with body composition (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity improved VO2peak and affected gut bacteria composition of non-obese men who maintained a balanced consumption of nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayane S. Resende
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3061-7474
| | - Geovana S. F. Leite
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Motor Activity, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Antonio H. Lancha Junior
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation: Experimental Surgery (LIM/26), Clinics’ Hospital of Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Theodoratou E, Li X, Farrington SM, Law PJ, Broderick P, Walker M, Klimentidis YC, Rees JMB, Houlston RS, Tomlinson IPM, Burgess S, Campbell H, Dunlop MG, Timofeeva M. Genetically predicted physical activity levels are associated with lower colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1330-1338. [PMID: 33510439 PMCID: PMC8007642 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to investigate whether physical activity (PA) causes a reduction of colorectal cancer risk and to understand the contributions of effects mediated through changes in body fat. METHODS Common genetic variants associated with self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), acceleration vector magnitude PA (AMPA) and sedentary time were used as instrumental variables. To control for confounding effects of obesity, we included instrumental variables for body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference and arm, trunk and leg fat ratios. We analysed the effect of these instrumental variables in a colorectal cancer genome-wide association study comprising 31,197 cases and 61,770 controls of European ancestry by applying two-sample and multivariable MR study designs. RESULTS We found decreased colorectal cancer risk for genetically represented measures of MVPA and AMPA that were additional to effects mediated through genetic measures of obesity. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) per standard deviation increase in MVPA and AMPA was 0.56 (0.31, 1.01) and 0.60 (0.41, 0.88), respectively. No association has been found between sedentary time and colorectal cancer risk. The proportion of effect mediated through BMI was 2% (95% CI: 0, 14) and 32% (95% CI: 12, 46) for MVPA and AMPA, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings provide strong evidence to reinforce public health measures on preventing colorectal cancer that promote PA at a population level regardless of body fatness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marion Walker
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica M B Rees
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ian P M Tomlinson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Public Health, Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Time trends of colorectal cancer incidence and associated lifestyle factors in South Korea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2413. [PMID: 33510236 PMCID: PMC7844005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, South Korea had the second highest incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2018. To inform public health policy to prevent CRC, we aimed to identify major modifiable lifestyle factors underlying the alarming increase in CRC incidence. We obtained information on CRC statistics from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and on the distribution of dietary and lifestyle factors known to modify CRC risk from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To examine time trends between 2001 and 2013, we calculated annual percent changes of CRC incidence rates and of prevalence of etiologic factors by sex and age. Across all sex and age groups, the most commonly diagnosed cancer was rectal cancer while the most rapidly increasing cancer was distal colon cancer. For the lifestyle factors examined, decreases in exercise were observed across all age groups of both sexes. Yet, obesity and alcoholic drinks appear more relevant CRC contributor to men, smoking to women aged 30–49 years, and processed meat intake to adults aged 30–49 years. The heterogeneous results suggest that dietary and lifestyle target to prevent CRC be tailored by sex and age.
Collapse
|
22
|
Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Meisinger C, Artati A, Adamski J, Peters A, Grallert H, Linseisen J. Associations between fecal bile acids, neutral sterols, and serum lipids in the KORA FF4 study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
23
|
Wang J, Huang L, Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Huang J, Zheng W, Bao P, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wong MCS. Physically active individuals have a 23% lower risk of any colorectal neoplasia and a 27% lower risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia than their non-active counterparts: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:582-591. [PMID: 31296585 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and risk of colorectal neoplasia (CN). METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsyInfo, Cochrane and other sources from their inception to 30 September 2018 for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that evaluated these associations in asymptomatic, average-risk subjects. Random-effect models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of any-type CN, advanced CN, and non-advanced CN, respectively, in individuals with the highest versus the lowest level of PA and SB. Dose-response analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted. The I2 statistic was used to examine heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS We identified 32 observational studies, including 17 cross-sectional studies, 10 case-control studies and five longitudinal studies. PA (highest vs lowest) was inversely associated with risk for any-type CN (n=23 studies) and advanced CN (n=15 studies), with a RR of 0.77 (95% CI=0.71 to 0.83, I2=57.5%) and 0.73 (95% CI=0.63 to 0.82, I2=45.5%), respectively. There was no association between PA and non-advanced CN (n=5 studies). There was an as association between PA and any-type CN in both sexes, and also for the distal colon. We found no dose-response relationship between PA and any-type or advanced CN. Based on three studies identified, SB time (longest vs shortest) was associated with an increased risk of advanced CN (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49, I2=14.4%). No publication bias was detected by Begg's test. CONCLUSION We report a 23% lower relative risk of any type of CN and a 27% lower risk of advanced CN in people with the highest level of PA compared with those in the lowest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanquan Chen
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- The Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Bao
- The Office of Chronic Disease Control, Shanghai CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangming Gong
- The Office of Chronic Disease Control, Shanghai CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Nüssler AK, Bao W, Liu L, Yang W. Prospective Views for Whey Protein and/or Resistance Training Against Age-related Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2019; 10:157-173. [PMID: 30705776 PMCID: PMC6345331 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by decline in skeletal muscle mass and function along with growing age, which consequently leads to age-related sarcopenia, if without any preventive timely treatment. Moreover, age-related sarcopenia in elder people would contribute to falls and fractures, disability, poor quality of life, increased use of hospital services and even mortality. Whey protein (WP) and/or resistance training (RT) has shown promise in preventing and treating age-related sarcopenia. It seems that sex hormones could be potential contributors for gender differences in skeletal muscle and age-related sarcopenia. In addition, skeletal muscle and the development of sarcopenia are influenced by gut microbiota, which in turn is affected by WP or RT. Gut microbiota may be a key factor for WP and/or RT against age-related sarcopenia. Therefore, focusing on sex hormones and gut microbiota may do great help for preventing, treating and better understanding age-related sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- 3Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wei Bao
- 4Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liegang Liu
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pearson T, Caporaso JG, Yellowhair M, Bokulich NA, Padi M, Roe DJ, Wertheim BC, Linhart M, Martinez JA, Bilagody C, Hornstra H, Alberts DS, Lance P, Thompson PA. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on the gut microbiome and colorectal adenoma development. Cancer Med 2019; 8:617-628. [PMID: 30652422 PMCID: PMC6382922 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a therapeutic bile acid, reduced risk for advanced colorectal adenoma in men but not women. Interactions between the gut microbiome and fecal bile acid composition as a factor in colorectal cancer neoplasia have been postulated but evidence is limited to small cohorts and animal studies. Using banked stool samples collected as part of a phase III randomized clinical trial of UDCA for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps, we compared change in the microbiome composition after a 3-year intervention in a subset of participants randomized to oral UDCA at 8-10 mg/kg of body weight per day (n = 198) or placebo (n = 203). Study participants randomized to UDCA experienced compositional changes in their microbiome that were statistically more similar to other individuals in the UDCA arm than to those in the placebo arm. This reflected a UDCA-associated shift in microbial community composition (P < 0.001), independent of sex, with no evidence of a UDCA effect on microbial richness (P > 0.05). These UDCA-associated shifts in microbial community distance metrics from baseline to end-of-study were not associated with risk of any or advanced adenoma (all P > 0.05) in men or women. Separate analyses of microbial networks revealed an overrepresentation of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the post-UDCA arm and an inverse relationship between F prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus. In men who received UDCA, the overrepresentation of F prausnitzii and underrepresentation of R gnavus were more prominent in those with no adenoma recurrence at follow-up compared to men with recurrence. This relationship was not observed in women. Daily UDCA use modestly influences the relative abundance of microbial species in stool and affects the microbial network composition with suggestive evidence for sex-specific effects of UDCA on stool microbial community composition as a modifier of colorectal adenoma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talima Pearson
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Monica Yellowhair
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | | | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Betsy C. Wertheim
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Mark Linhart
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Jessica A. Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Cherae Bilagody
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - Heidie Hornstra
- Pathogen and Microbiome InstituteNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizona
| | - David S. Alberts
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Peter Lance
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Patricia A. Thompson
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Stony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNew York
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malcomson FC. Mechanisms underlying the effects of nutrition, adiposity and physical activity on colorectal cancer risk. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Sims JN, Yedjou CG, Abugri D, Payton M, Turner T, Miele L, Tchounwou PB. Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1089. [PMID: 29843394 PMCID: PMC6024978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers in the United States. Although it affects both male and female populations, it is more common in males. The prevalence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which represents about 85% of kidney cancers, has been increasing gradually in many developed countries. Family history has been considered as one of the most relevant risk factors for kidney cancer, although most forms of an inherited predisposition for RCC only account for less than four percent. Lifestyle and other factors such as occupational exposure, high blood pressure, poor diet, and heavy cigarette smoking are highly associated with its incidence and mortality rates. In the United States, White populations have the lowest prevalence of RCC compared to other ethnic groups, while Black Americans suffer disproportionally from the adverse effects of RCC. Hence, this review article aims at identifying the major risk factors associated with RCC and highlighting the new therapeutic approaches for its control/prevention. To achieve this specific aim, articles in peer-reviewed journals with a primary focus on risk factors related to kidney cancer and on strategies to reduce RCC were identified. The review was systematically conducted by searching the databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED Central, and Google Scholar libraries for original articles. From the search, we found that the incidence and mortality rates of RCC are strongly associated with four main risk factors, including family history (genetics), lifestyle (poor diet, cigarette smoking, excess alcohol drinking), environment (community where people live), and occupation (place where people work). In addition, unequal access to improvement in RCC cancer treatment, limited access to screening and diagnosis, and limited access to kidney transplant significantly contribute to the difference observed in survival rate between African Americans and Caucasians. There is also scientific evidence suggesting that some physicians contribute to racial disparities when performing kidney transplant among minority populations. New therapeutic measures should be taken to prevent or reduce RCC, especially among African Americans, the most vulnerable population group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Sims
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Dr., P.O. Box 17038, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Daniel Abugri
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ethno-Medicine, Parasitology and Drug Discovery, College of Arts and Science, Tuskegee University, 1200 Old Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
| | - Marinelle Payton
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Dr., P.O. Box 17038, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar St., Room 657, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Booth FW, Roberts CK, Thyfault JP, Ruegsegger GN, Toedebusch RG. Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1351-1402. [PMID: 28814614 PMCID: PMC6347102 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in which exercise would be dangerous. Underlying the notion are human twin studies and animal selective breeding studies, both of which provide indirect evidence for the existence of genes for physical inactivity. Approximately 86% of the 325 million in the United States (U.S.) population achieve less than the U.S. Government and World Health Organization guidelines for daily physical activity for health. Although underappreciated, physical inactivity is an actual contributing cause to at least 35 unhealthy conditions, including the majority of the 10 leading causes of death in the U.S. First, we introduce nine physical inactivity-related themes. Next, characteristics and models of physical inactivity are presented. Following next are individual examples of phenotypes, organ systems, and diseases that are impacted by physical inactivity, including behavior, central nervous system, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolism, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone, immunity, digestion, and cancer. Importantly, physical inactivity, itself, often plays an independent role as a direct cause of speeding the losses of cardiovascular and strength fitness, shortening of healthspan, and lowering of the age for the onset of the first chronic disease, which in turn decreases quality of life, increases health care costs, and accelerates mortality risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Christian K Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan G Toedebusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Epidemiology and biology of physical activity and cancer recurrence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1029-1041. [PMID: 28620703 PMCID: PMC5613065 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is emerging from epidemiologic research as a lifestyle factor that may improve survival from colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. However, there is considerably less evidence relating physical activity to cancer recurrence and the biologic mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Cancer patients are surviving longer than ever before, and fear of cancer recurrence is an important concern. Herein, we provide an overview of the current epidemiologic evidence relating physical activity to cancer recurrence. We review the biologic mechanisms most commonly researched in the context of physical activity and cancer outcomes, and, using the example of colorectal cancer, we explore hypothesized mechanisms through which physical activity might intervene in the colorectal recurrence pathway. Our review highlights the importance of considering pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis activity, as well as cancer stage and timing of recurrence, in epidemiologic studies. In addition, more epidemiologic research is needed with cancer recurrence as a consistently defined outcome studied separately from survival. Future mechanistic research using randomized controlled trials, specifically those demonstrating the exercise responsiveness of hypothesized mechanisms in early stages of carcinogenesis, are needed to inform recommendations about when to exercise and to anticipate additive or synergistic effects with other preventive behaviors or treatments.
Collapse
|
30
|
Middle-distance running acutely influences the concentration and composition of serum bile acids: Potential implications for cancer risk? Oncotarget 2017; 8:52775-52782. [PMID: 28881769 PMCID: PMC5581068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate the acute effect of medium-distance running on bile acids concentration and composition, in order to verify whether the positive impact of physical exercise on cancer risk may also be mediated by variation of bile acids concentration and composition in serum. METHODS The concentration and composition of serum bile acids was analyzed in 30 middle-aged and healthy recreational athletes with a reference liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, immediately before and shortly after the end of the running trial. The concentration of bile acids after the run was adjusted for plasma volume change. RESULTS All athletes successfully completed the trial. After correction of values for the individual plasma volume change calculated after the run, the serum concentration of total bile acids was found to be significantly reduced by approximately 46%. A statistically significant decrease was observed for cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, glycoursodeoxycholic and hyodeoxycholic acids, whereas the concentration of the remaining compounds remained unvaried after the run. A considerable variation of bile acids profile was also observed. No significant association was found between running performance and variation of bile acids concentrations. CONCLUSION These results show that middle distance running acutely decreases the concentration of total bile acids in serum, especially that of the more mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, so providing an intriguing support to the favorable effects of physical exercise for lowering the risk of many gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
|
31
|
Impact of exercise on fecal and cecal metabolome over aging: a longitudinal study in rats. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:21-36. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Physical exercise can reduce adverse conditions during aging, while both exercise and aging act as metabolism modifiers. The present study investigates rat fecal and cecal metabolome alterations derived from exercise during rats’ lifespan. Methods & results: Groups of rats trained life-long or for a specific period of time were under study. The training protocol consisted of swimming, 15–18 min per day, 3–5 days per week, with load of 4–0% of rat's weight. Fecal samples and cecal extracts were analyzed by targeted and untargeted metabolic profiling methods (GC–MS and LC–MS/MS). Effects of exercise and aging on the rats’ fecal and cecal metabolome were observed. Conclusion: Fecal and cecal metabolomics are a promising field to investigate exercise biochemistry and age-related alterations.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cerdá B, Pérez M, Pérez-Santiago JD, Tornero-Aguilera JF, González-Soltero R, Larrosa M. Gut Microbiota Modification: Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Benefits of Physical Exercise in Health? Front Physiol 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 26924990 PMCID: PMC4757670 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical exercise provides many health benefits, protecting against the development of chronic diseases, and improving quality of life. Some of the mechanisms by which exercise provides these effects are the promotion of an anti-inflammatory state, reinforcement of the neuromuscular function, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recently, it has been proposed that physical exercise is able to modify gut microbiota, and thus this could be another factor by which exercise promotes well-being, since gut microbiota appears to be closely related to health and disease. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent findings on gut microbiota modification by exercise, proposing several mechanisms by which physical exercise might cause changes in gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Cerdá
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer D Pérez-Santiago
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose F Tornero-Aguilera
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health, School of Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hibler EA, Sardo Molmenti CL, Dai Q, Kohler LN, Warren Anderson S, Jurutka PW, Jacobs ET. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and vitamin D metabolites. Bone 2016; 83:248-255. [PMID: 26620084 PMCID: PMC4795004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). However, the influence of activity and/or sedentary behavior on the biologically active, seco-steroid hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) randomized trial participants (n=876) to evaluate associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations. Continuous vitamin D metabolite measurements and clinical thresholds were evaluated using multiple linear and logistic regression models, mutually adjusted for either 1,25(OH)2D or 25(OH)D and additional confounding factors. A statistically significant linear association between 1,25(OH)2D and moderate-vigorous physical activity per week was strongest among women (β (95% CI): 3.10 (1.51-6.35)) versus men (β (95% CI): 1.35 (0.79-2.29)) in the highest tertile of activity compared to the lowest (p-interaction=0.003). Furthermore, 25(OH)D was 1.54ng/ml (95% CI 1.09-1.98) higher per hour increase in moderate-vigorous activity (p=0.001) and odds of sufficient 25(OH)D status was higher among physically active participants (p=0.001). Sedentary behavior was not significantly associated with either metabolite in linear regression models, nor was a statistically significant interaction by sex identified. The current study identified novel associations between physical activity and serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, adjusted for 25(OH)D concentrations. These results identify the biologically active form of vitamin D as a potential physiologic mechanism related to observed population-level associations between moderate-vigorous physical activity with bone health and chronic disease risk. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the role of physical activity and vitamin D metabolites in chronic disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hibler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
| | - Christine L Sardo Molmenti
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lindsay N Kohler
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Shaneda Warren Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Elizabeth T Jacobs
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu L, Shi Y, Li T, Qin Q, Yin J, Pang S, Nie S, Wei S. Leisure time physical activity and cancer risk: evaluation of the WHO's recommendation based on 126 high-quality epidemiological studies. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:372-8. [PMID: 26500336 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO has concluded that physical activity reduces the risk of numerous diseases. However, few systemic reviews have been performed to assess the role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in lowering the risk of cancer in a dose-dependent manner and furthermore the suitability of recommendation of physical activity by the WHO. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate cancer risk by LTPA in binary comparison and in a dose-dependent manner. MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched up to 30 December 2014 without language restrictions. Reference lists were reviewed for potential articles. RESULTS A total of 126 studies were recruited into the meta-analysis. Overall, the total cancer risk was reduced by 10% in people who undertook the most LTPA as compared with those who did the least. Dose-response meta-analysis indicated that the current WHO recommendation (equal to an average of 10 metabolic equivalents of energy hours per week) induced a 7% (95% CI 5% to 9%) cancer reduction. Moreover, the protective role of LTPA against cancer becomes saturated at 20 metabolic equivalents of energy hours per week, with a relative risk of 0.91 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Subanalyses results based on cancer types showed that LTPA only exhibited significant protection against breast cancer and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates that the current WHO recommendation of physical activity can result in a 7% reduction in cancer risk, which is mainly attributed to its protective role against breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, two-fold of current recommendation level is considered to give its saturated protection against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Epigenetics and Colorectal Neoplasia: the Evidence for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2015; 11:388-396. [PMID: 27212896 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-015-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that regular physical activity and, more recently, limited sedentary behavior are associated with reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia. However, the biological mechanisms of action for physical activity versus sedentary behavior are not clear. Epigenetic variation is suggested as a potential mechanism that would allow for independent, or possibly even synergistic, effects of activity and inactivity on colorectal epithelium. We describe the evidence for epigenetic variation as a link between physical activity and sedentary behavior in colorectal neoplasia risk. There are few studies that directly evaluate this relationship. However, the growing literature describes a variety of gene targets influenced by activity that are also important to colorectal neoplasia etiology. Future studies may identify epigenetic markers with translational significance in identifying high-risk individuals or those for whom a personalized activity regimen could significantly alter the methylation signature in colon epithelial cells, and thus future risk of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Prinz P, Hofmann T, Ahnis A, Elbelt U, Goebel-Stengel M, Klapp BF, Rose M, Stengel A. Plasma bile acids show a positive correlation with body mass index and are negatively associated with cognitive restraint of eating in obese patients. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:199. [PMID: 26089773 PMCID: PMC4452824 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids may be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of plasma bile acids with body mass index (BMI) and the possible involvement of circulating bile acids in the modulation of physical activity and eating behavior. Blood was obtained in a group of hospitalized patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2), underweight (anorexia nervosa, BMI < 17.5 kg/m2) and overweight (obesity with BMI 30–40, 40–50 and >50 kg/m2, n = 14–15/group) and plasma bile acid concentrations assessed. Physical activity and plasma bile acids were measured in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa (BMI 14.6 ± 0.3 kg/m2, n = 43). Lastly, in a population of obese patients (BMI 48.5 ± 0.9 kg/m2, n = 85), psychometric parameters related to disordered eating and plasma bile acids were assessed. Plasma bile acids showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) in the population of patients with broad range of BMI (9–85 kg/m2, n = 74). No associations were observed between plasma bile acids and different parameters of physical activity in anorexic patients (p > 0.05). Plasma bile acids were negatively correlated with cognitive restraint of eating (r = −0.30, p = 0.008), while no associations were observed with other psychometric eating behavior-related parameters (p > 0.05) in obese patients. In conclusion, these data may point toward a role of bile acids in the regulation of body weight. Since plasma bile acids are negatively correlated with the cognitive restraint of eating in obese patients, this may represent a compensatory adaptation to prevent further overeating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Prinz
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Ahnis
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Elbelt
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Division for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité Center for Internal Medicine with Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Goebel-Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Burghard F Klapp
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Rose
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Molmenti CLS, Hibler EA, Ashbeck EL, Thomson CA, Garcia DO, Roe D, Harris RB, Lance P, Cisneroz M, Martinez ME, Thompson PA, Jacobs ET. Sedentary behavior is associated with colorectal adenoma recurrence in men. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1387-95. [PMID: 25060482 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between physical activity and colorectal adenoma is equivocal. This study was designed to assess the relationship between physical activity and colorectal adenoma recurrence. METHODS Pooled analyses from two randomized, controlled trials included 1,730 participants who completed the Arizona Activity Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, had a colorectal adenoma removed within 6 months of study registration, and had a follow-up colonoscopy during the trial. Logistic regression modeling was employed to estimate the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-vigorous physical activity on colorectal adenoma recurrence. RESULTS No statistically significant trends were found for any activity type and odds of colorectal adenoma recurrence in the pooled population. However, males with the highest levels of sedentary time experienced 47% higher odds of adenoma recurrence. Compared to the lowest quartile of sedentary time, the ORs (95% CIs) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles among men were 1.23 (0.88, 1.74), 1.41 (0.99, 2.01), and 1.47 (1.03, 2.11), respectively (p(trend) = 0.03). No similar association was observed for women. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sedentary behavior is associated with a higher risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence among men, providing evidence of detrimental effects of a sedentary lifestyle early in the carcinogenesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Sardo Molmenti
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th St., Room 729, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Song JH, Kim YS, Yang SY, Chung SJ, Park MJ, Lim SH, Yim JY, Kim JS, Jung HC. Physical activity and other lifestyle factors in relation to the prevalence of colorectal adenoma: a colonoscopy-based study in asymptomatic Koreans. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1717-26. [PMID: 23754755 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate physical activity and other lifestyle risk factors in relation to the prevalence of colorectal adenomas in asymptomatic Koreans. METHODS A total of 1,526 asymptomatic subjects who underwent a colonoscopy were enrolled. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and smoking data were obtained using a questionnaire. The subjects were grouped into three exposure levels by tertiles of metabolic equivalent hours per week. We evaluated the risk factors in subjects with adenomas by risk stratification (low-risk adenoma group vs. high-risk adenoma group) and by anatomic location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum, and multiple locations). The high-risk adenoma group was defined as subjects with advanced adenomas or multiple (≥ 3) adenomas. RESULTS A total of 456 participants had colorectal adenomas, and 861 had no polyps. In multivariate analyses, higher levels of physical activity were associated with a significantly decreased risk of colorectal adenomas (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.79). This inverse association was stronger for the risk of high-risk adenomas (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.73) than for low-risk adenomas (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.89). The negative relation of physical activity was significant for distal colon adenomas (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.95) and the adenomas with multiple locations (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.72). CONCLUSIONS Increased physical activity is associated with a reduced prevalence of colorectal adenomas. The inverse association between physical activity and adenoma was stronger for the risk of advanced or multiple adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 39th Floor, Gangnam Finance Center, 737 Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-984, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schottenfeld D, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Buffler PA, Omenn GS. Current Perspective on the Global and United States Cancer Burden Attributable to Lifestyle and Environmental Risk Factors. Annu Rev Public Health 2013; 34:97-117. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schottenfeld
- School of Public Health,
- Department of Epidemiology,
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Jennifer L. Beebe-Dimmer
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Division of Population Studies and Disparities Research,
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201;
| | - Patricia A. Buffler
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Gilbert S. Omenn
- School of Public Health,
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine,
- Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; ,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This review evaluates the current understanding of the benefits and risks of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal system. A significant portion of endurance athletes are affected by gastrointestinal symptoms, but most symptoms are transient and do not have long-term consequences. Conversely, physical activity may have a protective effect on the gastrointestinal system. There is convincing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer. The evidence is less convincing for gastric and pancreatic cancers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and constipation. Physical activity may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease, although this has not been proven unequivocally. This article provides a critical review of the evidence-based literature concerning exercise and physical activity effects on the gastrointestinal system and provides physicians with a better understanding of the evidence behind exercise prescriptions for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Well-designed prospective randomized trials evaluating the risks and benefits of exercise and physical activity on gastrointestinal disorders are recommended for future research.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bernstein C, Holubec H, Bhattacharyya AK, Nguyen H, Payne CM, Zaitlin B, Bernstein H. Carcinogenicity of deoxycholate, a secondary bile acid. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:863-71. [PMID: 21267546 PMCID: PMC3149672 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High dietary fat causes increased bile acid secretion into the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with colon cancer. Since the bile acid deoxycholic acid (DOC) is suggested to be important in colon cancer etiology, this study investigated whether DOC, at a high physiologic level, could be a colon carcinogen. Addition of 0.2% DOC for 8-10 months to the diet of 18 wild-type mice induced colonic tumors in 17 mice, including 10 with cancers. Addition of the antioxidant chlorogenic acid at 0.007% to the DOC-supplemented diet significantly reduced tumor formation. These results indicate that a high fat diet in humans, associated with increased risk of colon cancer, may have its carcinogenic potential mediated through the action of bile acids, and that some dietary anti-oxidants may ameliorate this carcinogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Bernstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5044, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|