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Rong ZX, Wei W, Zeng Q, Cai XT, Wang YY, Wang J, Luo HS, Xiao LS, Lin JR, Bai X, Zhang YP, Han DD, Dong ZY, Wang W, Wu DH, Ma SC. HLA diversity unveils susceptibility and organ-specific occurrence of second primary cancers: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:443. [PMID: 39380026 PMCID: PMC11462672 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 17% of cancer survivors have been reported to develop second primary cancers (SPC), which cause significant physical and economic distress and often complicate clinical decision-making. However, understanding of SPC remains limited and superficial. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is characterized by its polymorphism and has been associated with various diseases. This study aims to explore the role of HLA diversity in SPC incidence. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 47,550 cancer patients from the UK Biobank. SNP-derived HLA alleles were used and SPC-related HLA alleles were identified using logistic regression, followed by stepwise filtering based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and permutation tests. Additionally, we examined the association between extragenetic factors and the risk of SPC in patients carrying hazardous HLA alleles. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.11 years, a total of 2894 (6.09%) participants developed SPC. We identified three protective HLA alleles (DRB1*04:03 and DPA1*02:02 for males and DRB5*01:01 for females) and two hazardous alleles (A*26:01 for males and DPB1*11:01 for females) about SPC. The presence of the protective alleles was associated with a reduced SPC risk (males: hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.89; females: HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93), while the hazardous alleles were linked to an increased risk (males: HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56; females: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70). The hazardous allele A*26:01 indicated skin-lung organ-specific SPC occurrence in males. Animal fat and vitamin C were associated with SPC risk in males carrying the hazardous alleles, while free sugar and vegetable fat were linked to SPC risk in females. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HLA alleles may serve as biomarkers for the susceptibility and organ-specific occurrence of SPC, while dietary modulation may mitigate hazardous alleles-related SPC risk, potentially aiding in the early prediction and prevention of SPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - He-San Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Shan Xiao
- Information Management and Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Run Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Information Management and Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Duan-Duan Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Si-Cong Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Wang YY, Jia ZH, Wang QJ, Zhu ZT. Eosinophils and drugs for eosinophilia are associated with the risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:12050-12062. [PMID: 39181688 PMCID: PMC11386931 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils have the potential to exhibit both anti-tumor properties and tumor-promoting effects. However, the impact of eosinophil levels in the bloodstream on tumorigenesis risk remains inadequately explored. Furthermore, investigations regarding the association between drugs regulating eosinophils and cancer risk are currently absent. In this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing eosinophil count and eosinophil percentage as exposures. In both cohorts, a significant association was observed between eosinophil count and the risk of colorectal cancer and skin malignancies. However, upon conducting a sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity was detected specifically in relation to skin malignancies. Subsequent reverse Mendelian randomization analysis did not indicate any evidence of reverse causality. Furthermore, the multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis results suggested that eosinophils act as a mediating factor in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and skin malignancies in individuals with asthma. And the use of drugs that modulate eosinophilia may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. It is evident that the statistical evidence supporting a negative correlation between eosinophils count and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer is particularly robust. And, it is plausible to suggest that pharmaceutical interventions aimed at modulating eosinophilia may potentially heighten the risk of colorectal cancer. Hence, it is imperative to exercise caution and remain mindful of the potential risk of colorectal cancer when employing these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Cancer Clinical Research Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Han Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qing-Jun Wang
- Cancer Clinical Research Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Tu Zhu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Oncology Metabonomics, Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Cancer Center of Jinzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Atienza ÁV, Iriarte OA, Sarrias OR, Lizundia TZ, Beristain OS, Casajús AE, Gigli LÁ, Sastre FR, García IM, Rodríguez JR. Neoadjuvant Statistical Algorithm to Predict Individual Risk of Relapse in Patients with Resected Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1859. [PMID: 39200323 PMCID: PMC11351994 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Liver metastases (LM) are the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Despite advancements, relapse rates remain high and current prognostic nomograms lack accuracy. Our objective is to develop an interpretable neoadjuvant algorithm based on mathematical models to accurately predict individual risk, ensuring mathematical transparency and auditability. (2) Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 86 CRC patients with LM treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed by complete surgical resection. A comprehensive analysis of 155 individual patient variables was performed. Logistic regression (LR) was utilized to develop the predictive model for relapse risk through significance testing and ANOVA analysis. Due to data limitations, gradient boosting machine (GBM) and synthetic data were also used. (3) Results: The model was based on data from 74 patients (12 were excluded). After a median follow-up of 58 months, 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 33% and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 60.7%. Fifteen key variables were used to train the GBM model, which showed promising accuracy (0.82), sensitivity (0.59), and specificity (0.96) in predicting relapse. Similar results were obtained when external validation was performed as well. (4) Conclusions: This model offers an alternative for predicting individual relapse risk, aiding in personalized adjuvant therapy and follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Vizcay Atienza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.V.A.); (T.Z.L.)
| | | | - Oskitz Ruiz Sarrias
- Department of Mathematics and Statistic, NNBi, 31110 Noain, Spain; (O.A.I.); (O.R.S.); (O.S.B.)
| | - Teresa Zumárraga Lizundia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.V.A.); (T.Z.L.)
| | - Onintza Sayar Beristain
- Department of Mathematics and Statistic, NNBi, 31110 Noain, Spain; (O.A.I.); (O.R.S.); (O.S.B.)
| | - Ana Ezponda Casajús
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Laura Álvarez Gigli
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | | | - Ignacio Matos García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.V.A.); (T.Z.L.)
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4
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Wang JH, Rabkin CS, Engels EA, Song M. Associations between eosinophils and cancer risk in the UK Biobank. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:486-492. [PMID: 38695391 PMCID: PMC11164628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils exhibit anti-tumor cytotoxic responses in the tumor microenvironment and may contribute to tumor immunosurveillance. To assess the relationship between circulating eosinophils and cancer risk, we analyzed data from 443,542 adults aged 38-73 in the UK Biobank, who were initially cancer-free, had over a year of follow-up, and baseline white blood cell count measurements. Using multivariable Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for each quartile increase in absolute eosinophil count (AEC) across 58 cancer types, adjusting for relevant confounders. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 22,747 incident cancer cases were diagnosed. We observed an inverse association, which met Bonferroni significance, between AEC and overall cancer risk (aHR, 95%CI 0.97, 0.95-0.98). Notably, 16 cancer types showed borderline associations (p <.05) with AEC, with 12 types displaying an inverse relationship. These included four hematologic cancers (acute and other myeloid leukemia, other lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; aHR range; 0.58-0.87) and eight nonhematologic cancers (melanoma and nose/middle ear, soft tissue/heart, gum/other mouth, tongue, lung, colon, and breast cancers; aHR range: 0.65-0.95). Higher AEC showed a borderline significant association with increased risk for intrahepatic bile duct cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and chronic myeloid leukemia (aHR range: 1.13-1.42). Our study, the largest to date, provides insights into the relationship between blood eosinophils and a comprehensive list of incident cancers. The inverse association between AEC and overall cancer risk suggests a protective role for eosinophils in tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanny H. Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Pardo-Cea MA, Farré X, Esteve A, Palade J, Espín R, Mateo F, Alsop E, Alorda M, Blay N, Baiges A, Shabbir A, Comellas F, Gómez A, Arnan M, Teulé A, Salinas M, Berrocal L, Brunet J, Rofes P, Lázaro C, Conesa M, Rojas JJ, Velten L, Fendler W, Smyczynska U, Chowdhury D, Zeng Y, He HH, Li R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, de Cid R, Pujana MA. Biological basis of extensive pleiotropy between blood traits and cancer risk. Genome Med 2024; 16:21. [PMID: 38308367 PMCID: PMC10837955 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system has a central role in preventing carcinogenesis. Alteration of systemic immune cell levels may increase cancer risk. However, the extent to which common genetic variation influences blood traits and cancer risk remains largely undetermined. Here, we identify pleiotropic variants and predict their underlying molecular and cellular alterations. METHODS Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between blood traits and cancer diagnosis in cases in the UK Biobank. Shared genetic variants were identified from the summary statistics of the genome-wide association studies of 27 blood traits and 27 cancer types and subtypes, applying the conditional/conjunctional false-discovery rate approach. Analysis of genomic positions, expression quantitative trait loci, enhancers, regulatory marks, functionally defined gene sets, and bulk- and single-cell expression profiles predicted the biological impact of pleiotropic variants. Plasma small RNAs were sequenced to assess association with cancer diagnosis. RESULTS The study identified 4093 common genetic variants, involving 1248 gene loci, that contributed to blood-cancer pleiotropism. Genomic hotspots of pleiotropism include chromosomal regions 5p15-TERT and 6p21-HLA. Genes whose products are involved in regulating telomere length are found to be enriched in pleiotropic variants. Pleiotropic gene candidates are frequently linked to transcriptional programs that regulate hematopoiesis and define progenitor cell states of immune system development. Perturbation of the myeloid lineage is indicated by pleiotropic associations with defined master regulators and cell alterations. Eosinophil count is inversely associated with cancer risk. A high frequency of pleiotropic associations is also centered on the regulation of small noncoding Y-RNAs. Predicted pleiotropic Y-RNAs show specific regulatory marks and are overabundant in the normal tissue and blood of cancer patients. Analysis of plasma small RNAs in women who developed breast cancer indicates there is an overabundance of Y-RNA preceding neoplasm diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals extensive pleiotropism between blood traits and cancer risk. Pleiotropism is linked to factors and processes involved in hematopoietic development and immune system function, including components of the major histocompatibility complexes, and regulators of telomere length and myeloid lineage. Deregulation of Y-RNAs is also associated with pleiotropism. Overexpression of these elements might indicate increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Pardo-Cea
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Farré
- Genomes for Life - GCAT Lab Group, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joanna Palade
- Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Roderic Espín
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesca Mateo
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eric Alsop
- Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Marc Alorda
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Blay
- Genomes for Life - GCAT Lab Group, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Baiges
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arzoo Shabbir
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Comellas
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Catalonia, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, 08500, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Monica Salinas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Berrocal
- OncoGir, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- OncoGir, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190, Salt, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Rofes
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Conesa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, University of Barcelona (UB), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Rojas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, University of Barcelona (UB), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lars Velten
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Smyczynska
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for BRCA and Related Genes, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life - GCAT Lab Group, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Network Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
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Jou E. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine-mediated immune orchestration in the tumour microenvironment and their therapeutic potential. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:474-497. [PMID: 37455828 PMCID: PMC10345208 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide despite modern breakthroughs in medicine, and novel treatments are urgently needed. The revolutionary success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the past decade serves as proof of concept that the immune system can be effectively harnessed to treat cancer. Cytokines are small signalling proteins with critical roles in orchestrating the immune response and have become an attractive target for immunotherapy. Type 1 immune cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), have been shown to have largely tumour suppressive roles in part through orchestrating anti-tumour immune responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Conversely, type 2 immunity involving group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 cells are involved in tissue regeneration and wound repair and are traditionally thought to have pro-tumoural effects. However, it is found that the classical type 2 immune cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 may have conflicting roles in cancer. Similarly, type 2 immunity-related cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 with recently characterised roles in cancer may either promote or suppress tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, type 1 cytokines IFNγ and TNFα have also been found to have pro-tumoural effects under certain circumstances, further complicating the overall picture. Therefore, the dichotomy of type 1 and type 2 cytokines inhibiting and promoting tumours respectively is not concrete, and attempts of utilising these for cancer immunotherapy must take into account all available evidence. This review provides an overview summarising the current understanding of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in tumour immunity and discusses the prospects of harnessing these for immunotherapy in light of previous and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- Queens’ College, University of Cambridge, CB3 9ET Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK
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Choi YJ, Han K, Jin EH, Lim JH, Shin CM, Lee DH. Allergic Diseases and Risk of Malignancy of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3219. [PMID: 37370828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We analyzed 9,892,633 Korean adults who underwent a medical check-up in the year 2009, and they were followed up until the year 2017. Allergic diseases and cancers were defined using the International Classification of Disease Codes. A Cox proportional hazards model was adapted to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a 7.3-year follow-up period, 48,045 patients were diagnosed with cancer. For all-combined allergic diseases, significant inverse associations were observed for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, and liver (adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs [95% confidence interval, CI] 0.86 [0.82-0.91], 0.93 [0.91-0.94], 0.95 [0.93-0.96], and 0.90 [0.88-0.92], respectively). The sex-stratified analysis showed that the preventive effect of allergic diseases was persistent in gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers regardless of sex, while the inverse associations with esophageal and pancreatic cancers were observed only in men (aHR [95% CI] 0.84 [0.80-0.89] and 0.96 [0.93-0.99]). Allergic diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis, in adults were significantly associated with a decreased risk of most GI cancers, except for gallbladder and biliary tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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8
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Rosman Y, Hornik-Lurie T, Meir-Shafrir K, Lachover-Roth I, Cohen-Engler A, Munitz A, Confino-Cohen R. Changes in peripheral blood eosinophils may predict colorectal cancer – A retrospective study. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100696. [PMID: 36254184 PMCID: PMC9531278 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Eosinophils are traditionally associated and studied in context of allergic diseases. However, recent data implicate their involvement in mucosal tumors, especially in CRC where they may have an anti-tumorigenic function. Our objective was to evaluate whether trends in peripheral blood eosinophil numbers are associated with future diagnosis of CRC. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with CRC compared to matched controls. We evaluated the linear change in the absolute number of eosinophils (ANE) in peripheral blood over time, described as a correlation coefficient (r). The timeline started 7 years and ended 3 months before diagnosis of CRC. Results We included 8334 CRC patient/control pairs. Over the study period, no linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time in either group. In a subset of patients (1350, 8.1%), a positive linear correlation was found between levels of eosinophils and time. CRC was significantly more common in these patients (59% vs. 41%, p < 0.01). In a logistic regression, positive r was found to be an independent predictor for CRC (OR 1.31, 95%CI: 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001) with high specificity (0.93) but low sensitivity (0.1). Conclusion We found higher risk for CRC in patients with a positive linear increase in peripheral eosinophils over time. This may be an indirect clue that eosinophils play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Linear changes in ANE may be used in the future to improve screening measures for CRC. Trial registration Not relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Rosman
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Corresponding author. Allergy and Clinical Immunology unit, Meir medical Center, Tsharnichovsky 57, Cfar saba, Israel.
| | - Tzipi Hornik-Lurie
- Data Research Department, Meir Medical Center Research Institute, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Keren Meir-Shafrir
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Idit Lachover-Roth
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Cohen-Engler
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Confino-Cohen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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9
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Blood Eosinophils Are Associated with Efficacy of Targeted Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092294. [PMID: 35565423 PMCID: PMC9104271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eosinophils appear to contribute to the efficacy of immunotherapy and their frequency was suggested as a predictive biomarker. Whether this observation could be transferred to patients treated with targeted therapy remains unknown. Methods: Blood and serum samples of healthy controls and 216 patients with advanced melanoma were prospectively and retrospectively collected. Freshly isolated eosinophils were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry and co-cultured in vitro with melanoma cells to assess cytotoxicity. Soluble serum markers and peripheral blood counts were used for correlative studies. Results: Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, as well as phenotypic characteristics, were similar when comparing healthy donors and patients. However, high relative pre-treatment eosinophil counts were significantly associated with response to MAPKi (p = 0.013). Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells is dose-dependent and requires proximity of eosinophils and their target in vitro. Treatment with targeted therapy in the presence of eosinophils results in an additive tumoricidal effect. Additionally, melanoma cells affected eosinophil phenotype upon co-culture. Conclusion: High pre-treatment eosinophil counts in advanced melanoma patients were associated with a significantly improved response to MAPKi. Functionally, eosinophils show potent cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, which can be reinforced by MAPKi. Further studies are needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of our observations.
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10
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Di Gioacchino M, Della Valle L, Allegra A, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12133. [PMID: 35344301 PMCID: PMC8967267 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer. Aim The current review provides an update on the role of immune cells and immune proteins in allergy and cancer fields. Methods Authors investigated the role of relevant immunological markers and the correlation with cancer progression or cancer suppression. Results Activated immune cells such as macrophages ‘M1’, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), NK cells, Th1, follicular T helper cells (TFH), TCD8+, B lymphocytes and eosinophils have inhibitory effects on tumourigenesis, while tolerogenic cells such as macrophages ‘M2,’ tolerogenic DCs, ILC3, T and B regulatory lymphocytes appear to favour carcinogenesis. Mastocytes and alarmins can have both effects. RIgE antibodies and CCCL5 chemokine have an anticancer role, whereas IgG4, free light chains, Il‐10, TGF‐β, lipocalin‐2, CCL1 chemokine promote cancer progression. Fundamental is also the contribution of epigenetic changes regulated by the microRNA in cancer progression. Conclusion This knowledge represents the key to developing new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,IDA - Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Pescara, Italy
| | - Loredana Della Valle
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,IDA - Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Eosinophils, a Jack of All Trades in Immunity: Therapeutic Approaches for Correcting Their Functional Disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1166-1181. [PMID: 32148205 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200309094726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Eosinophils are primitive myeloid cells derived from bonemarrow precursors and require the intervention of interleukin (IL)-5 for their survival and persistence in blood and tissues. Under steady-state conditions, they contribute to immune regulation and homeostasis. Under pathological circumstances, eosinophils are involved in host protection against parasites and participate in allergy and inflammation. DISCUSSION Mostly, in asthma, eosinophils provoke airway damage via the release of granule contents and IL-13 with mucus hypersecretion and differentiation of goblet cells. Then, tissue remodeling follows with the secretion of transforming growth factor-β. Eosinophils are able to kill helminth larvae acting as antigen-presenting cells with the involvement of T helper (h)-2 cells and subsequent antibody response. However, they also exert pro-worm activity with the production of suppressive cytokine (IL- 10 and IL-4) and inhibition of nitric oxide. Eosinophils may play a pathogenic role in the course of chronic and autoimmune disease, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and eosinophilic gastroenteritis, regulating Th2 responses and promoting a profibrotic effect. In atopic dermatitis, eosinophils are commonly detected and may be associated with disease severity. In cutaneous spontaneous urticaria, eosinophils participate in the formation of wheals, tissue remodeling and modifications of vascular permeability. With regard to tumor growth, it seems that IgE can exert anti-neoplastic surveillance via mast cell and eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity, the so-called allergo-oncology. From a therapeutic point of view, monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-5 or the IL-5 receptors have been shown to be very effective in patients with severe asthma. Finally, as an alternative treatment, polyphenols for their anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities seem to be effective in reducing serum IgE and eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage in murine asthma. CONCLUSION Eosinophils are cells endowed with multiple functions and their modulation with monoclonal antibodies and nutraceuticals may be effective in the treatment of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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12
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Alves A, Dias M, Campainha S, Barroso A. Peripheral blood eosinophilia may be a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2716-2727. [PMID: 34164164 PMCID: PMC8182546 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Eosinophils have been traditionally associated with the initiation and propagation of inflammatory responses, particularly in allergic diseases and helminth infections. More recently, an association between eosinophils and cancer has been the focus of several studies, but controversial results have emerged. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of peripheral blood eosinophilia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immunotherapy (IO). We also evaluated the impact of peripheral eosinophilia on the occurrence of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Methods Advanced NSCLC patients under IO were included in a retrospective single-center study. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was defined by a count greater than 500/µL. Patients were analyzed for eosinophil counts, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Results A total of 121 NSCLC patients receiving IO were included. Thirty-three (27.3%) patients presented peripheral blood eosinophilia during treatment. Patients with peripheral eosinophilia presented more frequently non-progression as best overall response to IO (83.3% vs. 58.1%, P=0.014), higher median OS (26.6 vs. 9.5 months, P=0.022) and higher median PFS (13.8 vs. 4.6 months, P=0.013). IrAEs were more common in patients with peripheral eosinophilia (66.7% vs. 36.4%, P=0.003). Conclusions This study suggests that peripheral blood eosinophilia may predict better outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving IO, despite being associated with an increased risk of irAEs. According to our findings eosinophils may be involved in immune response against tumor. Routine eosinophils count assessment may be an additional prognostic tool in NSCLC patients receiving IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Alves
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Margarida Dias
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Campainha
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ana Barroso
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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13
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Gamez-Belmonte R, Erkert L, Wirtz S, Becker C. The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249772. [PMID: 33371444 PMCID: PMC7767427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is among the most complex organs of the human body. It has to exert several functions including food and water absorption while setting up an efficient barrier to the outside world. Dysfunction of the gut can be life-threatening. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or colorectal cancer, therefore, pose substantial challenges to clinical care. The intestinal epithelium plays an important role in intestinal disease development. It not only establishes an important barrier against the gut lumen but also constantly signals information about the gut lumen and its composition to immune cells in the bowel wall. Such signaling across the epithelial barrier also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to cytokines and other mediators of immune cells in the lamina propria and shape the microbial community within the gut by producing various antimicrobial peptides. Thus, the epithelium can be considered as an interpreter between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, safeguarding and moderating communication to the benefit of the host. Type 2 immune responses play important roles in immune-epithelial communication. They contribute to gut tissue homeostasis and protect the host against infections with helminths. However, they are also involved in pathogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. The current review provides an overview of current concepts regarding type 2 immune responses in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
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14
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Ataka R, Tanaka H, Yagi S, Yamane K, Yoshino K, Miyauchi T, Yoh T, Arafuka K, Fujita S, Hamada A, Endo B, Uemoto S. Eosinophilic peritonitis with colon cancer: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:353. [PMID: 33109117 PMCID: PMC7590699 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are a rare group of inflammatory disorders that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. In particular, those with malignant or benign tumors are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal fullness. The peripheral white blood cell count was 19,400/µL, and the eosinophil count was 13,300/µL. Abdominal computed tomography showed massive ascites. Cytology of the ascitic fluid showed a large amount of eosinophils and no malignancy. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed on the suspicion of EGIDs, and colon cancer with no other abnormalities was found. The biopsies of the cancer lesions and non-cancer lesions also showed significant differences in eosinophil counts per high-power field (HPF) between the cancer and non-cancer lesions (median 77.5 [IQR 52-115] vs. 40.5 [35-56]/HPF, P < 0.05). Exploratory laparoscopy showed cloudy massive ascites and thickening of the mesentery. Pathological examination of the mesentery showed a large amount of eosinophils (median 177.5 [IQR 91-227]/HPF) and no malignancy. Based on these findings, it was suspected that the massive ascites due to eosinophilic peritonitis could be associated with colon cancer. Steroid administration resulted in immediate disappearance of the ascites, and laparoscopic left hemicolectomy was safely performed 6 weeks after steroid administration. CONCLUSION This report presented a case of eosinophilic peritonitis that could be related to colon cancer. Exploratory laparoscopy was useful to detect the cause of ascites. The possibility that eosinophilic peritonitis was associated with colon cancer is discussed based on the histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ataka
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Yamane
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshino
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyauchi
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoh
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Arafuka
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fujita
- Department of General Surgery, Tango Central Hospital, 158-1 Sugitani, Mineyama-Cho, Tango, Kyoto, 627-8555, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tango Central Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bunji Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tango Central Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Fereidouni M, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Current status and perspectives regarding the association between allergic disorders and cancer. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1322-1339. [PMID: 32458542 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While activation of immune system may lead to a lower risk of some diseases, it has been shown that a history of atopic allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergies could be related to several types of cancer. However, the evidence is not entirely conclusive. Two proposals suggest a possible mechanism for the association between allergic disorders and cancers: immune surveillance and the antigenic stimulation. The association of allergy and cancer may vary by cancer site and the type of exposure. The aim of current review was to summarize the current knowledge of the association between allergic diseases and the risk of cancers with particular emphasis on case-controls and cohort studies to estimate the cancer risk associated with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Immunology, Medical school Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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16
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Cushen B, Menzies-Gow A. Benralizumab: an updated treatment of eosinophilic asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:435-444. [PMID: 32133878 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1739526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: An estimated 5-10% of people with asthma have disease which remains uncontrolled despite maximal treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Benralizumab is currently licensed for use in patients with severe asthma who have an eosinophilic phenotype. Benralizumab depletes eosinophils by binding to the anti-IL5 receptor on the surface of eosinophils, mitigating the effect of IL-5 on eosinophil proliferation and survival, and induces natural killer cell-mediated eosinophil apoptosis.Areas covered: The authors review the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic profile of Benralizumab and summarize the scientific data supporting its clinical efficacy and safety in severe asthma. Further, the authors highlight future studies of Benralizumab in asthma and other diseases.Expert opinion: Benralizumab lowers exacerbation rates, symptom burden, and oral glucocorticoid use, and improves lung function, in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Benralizumab is well tolerated and is an attractive choice for patients and physicians due to its eosinophil-depleting mechanism of action and less frequent dosing schedule. More data is needed to guide the selection of biologic therapy in severe asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breda Cushen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Peters MC, Wenzel SE. Intersection of biology and therapeutics: type 2 targeted therapeutics for adult asthma. Lancet 2020; 395:371-383. [PMID: 32007172 PMCID: PMC8522504 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)33005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease of reversible airflow obstruction characterised clinically by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Increases in airway type 2 cytokine activity, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, are now established biological mechanisms in asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids have been the foundation for asthma treatment, in a large part because they decrease airway type 2 inflammation. However, inhaled or systemic corticosteroids are ineffective treatments in many patients with asthma and few treatment options exist for patients with steroid resistant asthma. Although mechanisms for corticosteroid refractory asthma are likely to be numerous, the development of a new class of biologic agents that target airway type 2 inflammation has provided a new model for treating some patients with corticosteroid refractory asthma. The objective of this Therapeutic paper is to summarise the new type 2 therapeutics, with an emphasis on the biological rationale and clinical efficacy of this new class of asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Briede I, Strumfa I, Vanags A, Gardovskis J. The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:15-34. [PMID: 32021376 PMCID: PMC6955597 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s224441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important albeit dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumorous inflammation. Currently, the theoretical background allows inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to be linked. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. Purpose and methods The aim of our study was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of colorectal cancer, EMT, stemness and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. The study was designed as a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary CRC. Results There were statistically significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), absence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and less frequent lymphatic (p = 0.003), venous (p = 0.017), arterial (p = 0.012), perineural (p = 0.001) and intraneural (p = 0.01) invasion. In contrast, Crohn's like reaction (CLR) by density of lymphoid follicles in the invasive front lacked significant differences in regard to pT, pN, tumor invasion into surrounding structures (blood or lymphatic vessels, nerves), grade or necrosis (all p > 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and MMR proteins yielded no statistically significant associations with peritumorous inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin levels were significantly associated with the density of eosinophils (p = 0.007). Conclusion High-grade peritumorous inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent manifestations of invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. CLR is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen grade and CLR is not dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell differentiation. Our study highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumor morphology, EMT, stemness and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Briede
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Vanags
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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19
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Loktionov A. Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in the pathogenesis of major colorectal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3503-3526. [PMID: 31367153 PMCID: PMC6658389 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are currently regarded as versatile mobile cells controlling and regulating multiple biological pathways and responses in health and disease. These cells store in their specific granules numerous biologically active substances (cytotoxic cationic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, enzymes) ready for rapid release. The human gut is the main destination of eosinophils that are produced and matured in the bone marrow and then transferred to target tissues through the circulation. In health the most important functions of gut-residing eosinophils comprise their participation in the maintenance of the protective mucosal barrier and interactions with other immune cells in providing immunity to microbiota of the gut lumen. Eosinophils are closely involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), when their cytotoxic granule proteins cause damage to host tissues. However, their roles in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to follow different immune response patterns. Eosinophils in IBD are especially important in altering the structure and protective functions of the mucosal barrier and modulating massive neutrophil influx to the lamina propria followed by transepithelial migration to colorectal mucus. IBD-associated inflammatory process involving eosinophils then appears to expand to the mucus overlaying the internal gut surface. The author hypothesises that immune responses within colorectal mucus as well as ETosis exerted by both neutrophils and eosinophils on the both sides of the colonic epithelial barrier act as additional pathogenetic factors in IBD. Literature analysis also shows an association between elevated eosinophil levels and better colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis, but mechanisms behind this effect remain to be elucidated. In conclusion, the author emphasises the importance of investigating colorectal mucus in IBD and CRC patients as a previously unexplored milieu of disease-related inflammatory responses.
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20
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Simon SCS, Utikal J, Umansky V. Opposing roles of eosinophils in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:823-833. [PMID: 30302498 PMCID: PMC11028063 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes mostly known for their ability to combat parasites and induce allergy. Although they were described to be related to cancer more than 100 years ago, their role in tumors is still undefined. Recent observations revealed that they display regulatory functions towards other immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment or direct cytotoxic functions against tumor cells, leading to either antitumor or protumor effects. This paradoxical role of eosinophils was suggested to be dependent on the different factors in the TME. In addition, the clinical relevance of these cells has been recently addressed. In most cases, the accumulation of eosinophils both in the tumor tissue, called tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia, and in the peripheral blood were reported to be prognostic markers for a better outcome of cancer patients. In immunotherapy of cancer, particularly in therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, eosinophils were even shown to be a potential predictive marker for a beneficial clinical response. A better understanding of their role in cancer progression will help to establish them as prognostic and predictive markers and to design strategies for targeting eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C S Simon
- Skin Cancer Unit, Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Reichman H, Itan M, Rozenberg P, Yarmolovski T, Brazowski E, Varol C, Gluck N, Shapira S, Arber N, Qimron U, Karo-Atar D, Lee JJ, Munitz A. Activated Eosinophils Exert Antitumorigenic Activities in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:388-400. [PMID: 30665890 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting T lymphocytes are revolutionizing cancer therapy but only benefit a subset of patients, especially in colorectal cancer. Thus, additional insight into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived cells that have been largely studied in the context of allergic diseases and parasite infections. Although tumor-associated eosinophilia has been described in various solid tumors including colorectal cancer, knowledge is still missing regarding eosinophil activities and even the basic question of whether the TME promotes eosinophil recruitment without additional manipulation (e.g., immunotherapy) is unclear. Herein, we report that eosinophils are recruited into developing tumors during induction of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer and in mice with the Apcmin /+ genotype, which develop spontaneous intestinal adenomas. Using adoptive transfer and cytokine neutralization experiments, we demonstrate that the TME supported prolonged eosinophil survival independent of IL5, an eosinophil survival cytokine. Tumor-infiltrating eosinophils consisted of degranulating eosinophils and were essential for tumor rejection independently of CD8+ T cells. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed an IFNγ-linked signature for intratumoral eosinophils that was different from that of macrophages. Our data establish antitumorigenic roles for eosinophils in colorectal cancer. These findings may facilitate the development of pharmacologic treatments that could unleash antitumor responses by eosinophils, especially in colorectal cancer patients displaying eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Perri Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Yarmolovski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Disorders and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiran Shapira
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadir Arber
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
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22
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Navarro Rodríguez JM, Gallego Plazas J, Borrás Rocher F, Calpena Rico R, Ruiz Macia JA, Morcillo Ródenas MÁ. Is it possible to predict the presence of colorectal cancer in a blood test? A probabilistic approach method. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2018; 109:694-703. [PMID: 28929777 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2017.4645/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The assessment of the state of immunosurveillance (the ability of the organism to prevent the development of neoplasias) in the blood has prognostic implications of interest in colorectal cancer. We evaluated and quantified a possible predictive character of the disease in a blood test using a mathematical interaction index of several blood parameters. The predictive capacity of the index to detect colorectal cancer was also assessed. METHODS We performed a retrospective case-control study of a comparative analysis of the distribution of blood parameters in 266 patients with colorectal cancer and 266 healthy patients during the period from 2009 to 2013. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between patients with colorectal cancer and the control group in terms of platelet counts, fibrinogen, total leukocytes, neutrophils, systemic immunovigilance indexes (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio), hemoglobin, hematocrit and eosinophil levels. These differences allowed the design of a blood analytical profile that calculates the risk of colorectal cancer. This risk profile can be quantified via a mathematical formula with a probabilistic capacity to identify patients with the highest risk of the presence of colorectal cancer (area under the ROC curve = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS We showed that a colorectal cancer predictive character exists in blood which can be quantified by an interaction index of several blood parameters. The design and development of interaction indexes of blood parameters constitutes an interesting research line for the development and improvement of programs for the screening of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Calpena Rico
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, España
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23
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Joshu CE, Barber JR, Coresh J, Couper DJ, Mosley TH, Vitolins MZ, Butler KR, Nelson HH, Prizment AE, Selvin E, Tooze JA, Visvanathan K, Folsom AR, Platz EA. Enhancing the Infrastructure of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study for Cancer Epidemiology Research: ARIC Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:295-305. [PMID: 29263187 PMCID: PMC5835193 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We describe the expansion of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study into a cancer cohort. In 1987 to 1989, ARIC recruited 15,792 participants 45 to 64 years old to be sex (55% female), race (27% black), and geographically diverse. ARIC has exceptional data collected during 6 clinical visits and calls every 6 months, repeated biospecimens, and linkage to Medicare claims data.Methods: We established a Cancer Coordinating Center to implement infrastructure activities, convened a Working Group for data use, leveraged ARIC staff and procedures, and developed protocols. We initiated a cancer-specific participant contact, added questions to existing contacts, obtained permission to collect medical records and tissue, abstracted records, linked with state cancer registries, and adjudicated cases and characterizing data.Results: Through 2012, we ascertained and characterized 4,743 incident invasive, first, and subsequent primary cancers among 4,107 participants and 1,660 cancer-related deaths. We generated a total cancer incidence and mortality analytic case file, and analytic case files for bladder, breast, colorectal, liver, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and case fatality. Adjudication of multiple data sources improved case records and identified cancers not identified via registries. From 2013 onward, we ascertain cases from self-report coupled with medical records. Additional cancer registry linkages are planned.Conclusions: Compared with starting a new cohort, expanding a cardiovascular cohort into ARIC Cancer was an efficient strategy. Our efforts yielded enhanced case files with 25 years of follow-up.Impact: Now that the cancer infrastructure is established, ARIC is contributing its unique features to modern cancer epidemiology research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 295-305. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Division of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth R Butler
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Rigoni A, Colombo MP, Pucillo C. Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils: From allergy to cancer. Semin Immunol 2018; 35:29-34. [PMID: 29428698 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Basophils, eosinophils and mast cells were first recognized by Paul Ehrlich in the late 19th century. These cells have common, but non-redundant roles, in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in the protection against parasites. Nevertheless, in virtue of their shared-adeptness to produce a huge variety of immunological mediators and express membrane-bound receptors, they are able to interact with immune and non-immune components of the tissue microenvironment, contributing to the regulation of tissue homeostasis and immune response while participating to further deregulation of tissues transforming into neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - C Pucillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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25
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Lee AK, Warren B, Lee CJ, McEvoy JW, Matsushita K, Huang ES, Sharrett AR, Coresh J, Selvin E. The Association of Severe Hypoglycemia With Incident Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:104-111. [PMID: 29127240 PMCID: PMC5741158 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is suggestive evidence linking hypoglycemia with cardiovascular disease, but few data have been collected in a community-based setting. Information is lacking on individual cardiovascular outcomes and cause-specific mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 1,209 participants with diagnosed diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (analytic baseline, 1996-1998). Severe hypoglycemic episodes were identified using first position ICD-9 codes from hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and ambulance calls through 2013. Cardiovascular events and deaths were captured through 2013. We used adjusted Cox regression models with hypoglycemia as a time-varying exposure. RESULTS There were 195 participants with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode during a median fellow-up of 15.3 years. After severe hypoglycemia, the 3-year cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease was 10.8% and of mortality was 28.3%. After adjustment, severe hypoglycemia was associated with coronary heart disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.27-3.20), all-cause mortality (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38-2.17), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.34), and cancer mortality (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.46-4.24). Hypoglycemia was not associated with stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or noncardiovascular and noncancer death. Results were robust within subgroups defined by age, sex, race, diabetes duration, and baseline cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Severe hypoglycemia is clearly indicative of declining health and is a potent marker of high absolute risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bethany Warren
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Clare J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John W McEvoy
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elbert S Huang
- Section of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - A Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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26
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Ma W, Yang J, Li P, Lu X, Cai J. Association between allergic conditions and colorectal cancer risk/mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5589. [PMID: 28717199 PMCID: PMC5514030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association between allergic conditions and risk/mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). A systematic literature search was conducted using Pubmed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Prospective studies assessing the association between allergic conditions and risk/mortality of CRC were included. Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled with either a fixed- or a random-effects model according to heterogeneity. A total of 515379 participants and 10345 CRC cases from 12 studies were included in the analysis of CRC risk, while four studies with 1484741 individuals and 30040 CRC deaths were included in the analysis of CRC mortality. The pooled RR for the association between allergic conditions and CRC risk was 0.88 (95% CI 0.83–0.92). The inverse association was observed both in colon cancer (pooled RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) and rectal cancer (pooled RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93). Moreover, no gender difference was observed in the analysis of CRC risk (for males, pooled RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96; for females, pooled RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.95). And allergic conditions were also found to be inversely associated with CRC mortality (pooled RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.92). In conclusion, the current meta-analysis provides further evidence that allergic conditions were inversely associated with CRC risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Jianting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Capron M, Corrigan C, Castells M, Dombrowicz D, Daniels‐Wells TR, Fazekas J, Fiebiger E, Gatault S, Gould HJ, Janda J, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Levi‐Schaffer F, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Mekori Y, Mungenast F, Nigro EA, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Saul L, Singer J, Spicer JF, Siccardi AG, Spillner E, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology - the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper. Allergy 2017; 72:866-887. [PMID: 28032353 PMCID: PMC5498751 DOI: 10.1111/all.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H. J. Bax
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Capron
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. Dombrowicz
- INSERMCHU LilleEuropean Genomic Institute of DiabetesInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011 – récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabèteUniversité de LilleLilleFrance
| | - T. R. Daniels‐Wells
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. Fazekas
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition ResearchDepartment of Medicine ResearchChildren's University Hospital BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - S. Gatault
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - H. J. Gould
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Janda
- Center PigmodInstitute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of Czech RepublicLibechovCzech Republic
| | - D. H. Josephs
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - F. Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics UnitFaculty of MedicineSchool of PharmacyThe Institute for Drug ResearchThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - A. Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Y. Mekori
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - F. Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. A. Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - M. L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - F. Redegeld
- Division of PharmacologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - L. Saul
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J. F. Spicer
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - E. Spillner
- Immunological EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - M. C. Turner
- ISGlobalCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - E. Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - L. Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNazarbayev University School of MedicineAstanaKazakhstan
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
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Understanding the Role of the Immune System in the Development of Cancer: New Opportunities for Population-Based Research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1811-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Byelinska IV, Lynchak OV, Rybalchenko TV, Yablonska SV, Bahurynska OM, Rybalchenko VK. Morphofunctional parameters of blood cells of a rat with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tambe NA, Wilkens LR, Wan P, Stram DO, Gilliland F, Park SL, Cozen W, Martínez-Maza O, Le Marchand L, Henderson BE, Haiman CA. Atopic allergic conditions and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:889-97. [PMID: 25858290 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have provided evidence of an inverse association between atopic allergic conditions (AACs) and invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in predominantly white populations. We examined the association between AACs (asthma, hay fever, or allergy) and CRC among white, African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese-American, and Latino men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study within Hawaii and Los Angeles, California. The prospective analysis included 4,834 incident CRC cases and 1,363 CRC-related deaths ascertained between 1993 and 2010. We examined associations by ethnicity, location, stage, and potential effect modification by CRC risk factors. AACs were associated with a reduced risk of CRC incidence among both men and women (relative risk (RR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 0.92). The reduction in risk was noted in all populations except Latinos and was significant in whites (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98), African Americans (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95), Native Hawaiians (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.96), and Japanese Americans (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98). Individuals with AACs also had a 20% reduction in CRC-related mortality (P = 0.001). These findings provide evidence for the potential protective role of the reactive immune system in colorectal cancer.
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Musolino C, Allegra A, Minciullo PL, Gangemi S. Allergy and risk of hematologic malignancies: associations and mechanisms. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1137-44. [PMID: 25171954 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that a dysregulated immune system, as the one found in allergic disorders, can affect survival of tumor cells. A possible association between allergies and risk of hematologic malignancies has been examined in several epidemiological studies; however, results were not always consistent. The aim of this review is to report the preclinical and clinical data, which support a correlation between allergy and hematologic neoplasms. Immune system modulation could represent a powerful tool in the prevention and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - P L Minciullo
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - S Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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Aryan Z, Rezaei N. Comment on 'Allergy and acute leukaemia in children with Down syndrome: a population study. Report from the Mexican Inter Institutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukaemia (MIGICCL)'--is increased surveillance by hypersensitive immune system a reality or myth? Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1386-8. [PMID: 23907432 PMCID: PMC3778291 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, Newton CC, Turner MC, Campbell PT. Hay Fever and asthma as markers of atopic immune response and risk of colorectal cancer in three large cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:661-9. [PMID: 23513040 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous analysis of 12 cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort including follow-up from 1982-2000, having both hay fever and asthma was associated with lower colorectal cancer mortality. The combination of these allergic conditions may be a marker for allergy-related immune responses that could inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS We examined the association of having both hay fever and asthma with colorectal cancer mortality among 1,023,191 participants in CPS-I, followed from 1959-1972, and 1,102,092 participants in CPS-II, now followed from 1982-2008. We also examined associations with colorectal cancer incidence among 174,917 participants in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subgroup of CPS-II followed from 1992-2007. During the follow-up, there were 5,644 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-I, 13,558 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-II, and 3,365 incident colorectal cancer cases in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS RRs for colorectal cancer mortality associated with having both asthma and hay fever, compared with neither condition, were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.74-1.09) in CPS-I, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.91) in CPS-II, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92) when results from both cohorts were combined in a meta-analysis. The corresponding RR for colorectal cancer incidence in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.71-1.14). CONCLUSION These results support an association between having both hay fever and asthma and modestly lower colorectal cancer mortality. IMPACT Research examining other potential markers of allergy-related immune response in relation to colorectal cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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