1
|
Bragard E, Fisher CB. Parental Sexual Socialization, Sexual Subjectivity, and Emotional Responses to Sexual Experiences among Adolescent Girls. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02990-7. [PMID: 39225845 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study explored girls' sexual subjectivity as a pathway through which parental socialization influenced their emotions about past sexual experiences. A national online survey of 397 adolescent girls (Mage = 16.8 years) from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (33.0% Black, 25.7% Latina, 28.0% non-Hispanic White) assessed (1) parental messaging emphasizing relational, sex-positive, gendered sex role, abstinence-only, and sex-is-taboo discourses; (2) girls' sexual subjectivity including sexual body esteem, entitlement to sexual pleasure, and perceived sexual control; and (3) positive and negative emotional reactions to sexual experiences. Sexual subjectivity fully mediated the positive effect of relational messaging on positive emotional reactions and the negative effect on negative emotional reactions. Additionally, sexual subjectivity partially mediated the positive effect of gendered sex role messaging on negative emotional reactions. This study draws critical attention to placing the psychological aspects of girls' sense of their own sexuality and the emotional components of their sexual experience at the forefront of understanding the influence of parental sexual socialization on the sexual experiences of adolescent girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bragard
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Alcohol Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Celia B Fisher
- Department of Psychology and Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vass C, Boeri M, Shields G, Seo J. Making Use of Technology to Improve Stated Preference Studies. THE PATIENT 2024; 17:483-491. [PMID: 38632181 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-024-00693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The interest in quantifying stated preferences for health and healthcare continues to grow, as does the technology available to support and improve health preference studies. Technological advancements in the last two decades have implications and opportunities for preference researchers designing, administering, analysing, interpreting and applying the results of stated preference surveys. In this paper, we summarise selected technologies and how these can benefit a preference study. We discuss empirical evaluations of the technology in preference research, with examples from health where possible. The technologies reviewed include serious games, virtual reality, eye tracking, innovative formats and decision aids with values clarification components. We conclude with a critical reflection on the benefits and limitations of implementing (often costly) technology alongside stated preference studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Boeri
- Open Health, Belfast, UK
- Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zvolensky MJ, Shepherd JM, Clausen BK, Robison J, Cano MÁ, de Dios M, Correa-Fernández V. Posttraumatic stress and probable post traumatic stress disorder as it relates to smoking behavior and beliefs among trauma exposed hispanic persons who smoke. J Behav Med 2024; 47:581-594. [PMID: 38409553 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
There has been little scientific effort to evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and cessation-related constructs and exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Hispanic persons who smoke in the United States (US). Such trauma-related factors may pose unique difficulties for Hispanic persons who smoke and possess a desire to quit. As such, the present investigation sought to fill this gap in the literature and examine posttraumatic stress and probable PTSD in terms of their relations with several clinically significant smoking constructs among trauma-exposed Hispanic persons who smoke from the United States. Participants included 228 Spanish-speaking Hispanic persons who endorsed prior traumatic event exposure and smoked combustible cigarettes daily (58.3% female, Mage= 32.1 years, SD = 9.65). Results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms were related to increased cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for smoking cessation, and more severe problems when trying to quit with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate in adjusted models. Additionally, Hispanic persons who smoke with probable PTSD compared to those without probable PTSD showcased a statistically effect for perceived barriers for cessation (p < .008) and a severity of problems when trying to quit (p < .001). No effect was evident for cigarette dependence after alpha correction. Overall, the present study offers novel empirical evidence related to the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke in the US. Such findings highlight the need to expand this line of research to better understand the role of posttraumatic stress and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke which can inform smoking cessation treatments for Hispanic persons who smoke experiencing trauma-related symptomology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Justin M Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryce K Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jillian Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Marcel de Dios
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holm RH, Anderson LB, Ness HD, LaJoie AS, Smith T. Towards the outbreak tail, what is the public opinion about wastewater surveillance in the United States? JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:1409-1418. [PMID: 39212278 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
National opinions on a wide variety of public health topics can change over time and have highly contextual nuances. This study is a follow-up to prior inquiries into the knowledge of wastewater-based epidemiology, privacy concerns surrounding sample collection, and the use of data acquired, along with privacy awareness from an online survey conducted in the metropolitan United States during the winter of 2023. Mentions of wastewater-surveillance-related terms in the media remained common. Towards the outbreak tail in 2023, public support for surveillance of toxins (91%), diseases (91%), terrorist threats (87%), illicit drugs (70%), prescription medications (69%), and gun residue (60%) remained high. There was less support for surveillance of alcohol consumption (49%), mental illness (46%), healthy eating (37%), and lifestyle behaviors (35%). In terms of geographic scale, most respondents supported citywide surveillance (85%) with markedly lower levels of support for smaller (less anonymous) geographic scales covered by specific locations. Wastewater surveillance does not receive the public pushback that other COVID-19-related health system actors have witnessed. Instead, the public supports the expansion of wastewater surveillance as a standard to complement public health tools in other areas of health protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle H Holm
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA E-mail:
| | - Lauren B Anderson
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Heather D Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - A Scott LaJoie
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ted Smith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gibbons C, Brown G, Lu SC, Elrick A, Tang Y, Kaufman M, Williams M, Xu C, Harrison C, Swisher C. Introduction and validation of the open symptom framework: a public domain modular framework for patient-reported measurement of symptoms related to cancer and its treatment. Qual Life Res 2024:10.1007/s11136-024-03656-6. [PMID: 39023734 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We provide an initial description and validation of some public domain patient-reported outcome (PRO) items to assess cancer symptom burden to address immediate barriers to symptom assessment use in clinical practice and facilitate future research. METHODS We created the Open Symptom Framework (OSF), a flexible tool for clinical cancer-related symptom assessment. The items comprise six components: recall period, concept, symptom, qualifier(s), a definition, and a 5-point Likert-type response. We recruited patients receiving cancer therapy in the United States and United Kingdom. We assessed external construct validity by comparing OSF scores to the PRO-CTCAE measure and assessed reliability, scalability, dimensionality, and item ordering within a non-parametric item response theory framework. We tested differential item functioning for country, age, gender, and level of education. RESULTS We developed a framework alongside clinical and psychometric experts and debrieifed with 10 patients. For validation, we recruited 331patients. All items correlated with the PRO-CTCAE equivalents (r = 0.55-0.96, all p < 0.01). Mokken analysis confirmed the scalability and unidimensionality of all symptom scales with multiple items at the scale (Ho = 0.61-0.75) and item level (Hi = 0.60-0.76). Items are interpreted consistently between demographic groups (Crit = 0 for all groups). CONCLUSION The public domain OSF has excellent psychometric properties including face, content, and criterion validity and can facilitate the development of flexible, robust measurements to fulfil stakeholder need. The OSF was designed specifically to support clinical assessment but will function well for research. Further work is planned to increase the number of symptoms and number of questions per symptom within the framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gibbons
- Section of Patient Centered Analytics, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565, MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - G Brown
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - S C Lu
- Section of Patient Centered Analytics, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565, MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Elrick
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Y Tang
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - M Kaufman
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - M Williams
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - C Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - C Harrison
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - C Swisher
- The Ronin Project Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
- Ellison Institute of Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurth JD, Sciamanna CN, Herrell C, Moeller M, Stine JG. Comparing preferences to evaluations of barrier self-efficacy for two strength training programs in US older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302892. [PMID: 38722856 PMCID: PMC11081341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Engagement in regular physical activity is one of the best strategies for older adults to remain healthy. Unfortunately, only 35% of older adults meet guidelines for muscle strengthening activities. Eliciting participant preferences is one possible way to improve physical activity engagement. However, other sources of participant input to improve uptake and maintenance remain uninvestigated. This study compared preferences to self-efficacy ratings for two strength training programs. METHODS We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of 611 US adults over age 65. We compared two participant evaluations (the preferred program and the program for which they had higher barrier self-efficacy) of two hypothetical strength training programs (45 minutes performed three times per week (traditional) and 5 minutes performed daily (brief)). RESULTS Most participants (68%) preferred the brief strength training program. The difference in self-efficacy ratings was an average of 1.2 (SD = 0.92). One in five participants preferred a strength training program for which they had less self-efficacy; nearly all of these participants (92%) preferred the traditional strength training program but had more self-efficacy for the brief strength training program. CONCLUSION Older adults reported preferring and having more self-efficacy for a brief compared to a traditional strength training program. Differences in self-efficacy ratings between the two strength training programs were large. Preferences were often not congruent with ratings of self-efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE/IMPLICATIONS Preferences for strength training programming may not always reflect the program most likely to be maintained. Future investigations should evaluate differences in behavioral uptake, maintenance, and outcomes from two comparative strength training interventions using preferences and self-efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Kurth
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher N. Sciamanna
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Cheyenne Herrell
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Moeller
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Stine
- Penn State Health–Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chenneville T, Reid JA, Wasilewski S, Adeli S. Validation of the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults © in Kenya. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2148-2164. [PMID: 38044593 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently validated among a sample of young adults in the United States, the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults© is a much-needed instrument for assessing trauma bonding, which refers to the emotional attachment that often develops between perpetrators and victims of violent and exploitive crimes and is common among survivors of sex trafficking. To assess its utility with other populations, this study aimed to validate the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults© with a sample of young adults in Kenya. An anonymous survey containing demographic items, the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults©, and 12 items from an open-source measure of posttraumatic stress disorder was administered to 538 young adults aged 18 to 29 in Kenya using Qualtrics XM. Findings from an analysis of psychometric properties suggest that the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults© is a valid and reliable measure of trauma bonding that may be useful in a global context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan A Reid
- Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, USA
| | - Serena Wasilewski
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, USA
| | - Scholastic Adeli
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Richmond J, Fernandez JR, Bonnet K, Sellers A, Schlundt DG, Forde AT, Wilkins CH, Aldrich MC. Patient Lung Cancer Screening Decisions and Environmental and Psychosocial Factors. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2412880. [PMID: 38819825 PMCID: PMC11143466 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography is associated with reduced lung cancer-specific mortality, but uptake is low in the US; understanding how patients make decisions to engage with lung cancer screening is critical for increasing uptake. Prior research has focused on individual-level psychosocial factors, but environmental factors (eg, historical contexts that include experiencing racism) and modifying factors-those that can be changed to make it easier or harder to undergo screening-also likely affect screening decisions. Objective To investigate environmental, psychosocial, and modifying factors influencing lung cancer screening decision-making and develop a conceptual framework depicting relationships between these factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This multimethod qualitative study was conducted from December 2021 to June 2022 using virtual semistructured interviews and 4 focus groups (3-4 participants per group). All participants met US Preventive Services Task Force eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening (ie, age 50-80 years, at least a 20 pack-year smoking history, and either currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years). Screening-eligible US participants were recruited using an online panel. Main Outcomes and Measures Key factors influencing screening decisions (eg, knowledge, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators) were the main outcome. A theory-informed, iterative inductive-deductive approach was applied to analyze data and develop a conceptual framework summarizing results. Results Among 34 total participants (interviews, 20 [59%]; focus groups, 14 [41%]), mean (SD) age was 59.1 (4.8) years and 20 (59%) identified as female. Half had a household income below $20 000 (17 [50%]). Participants emphasized historical and present-day racism as critical factors contributing to mistrust of health care practitioners and avoidance of medical procedures like screening. Participants reported that other factors, such as public transportation availability, also influenced decisions. Additionally, participants described psychosocial processes involved in decisions, such as perceived screening benefits, lung cancer risk appraisal, and fear of a cancer diagnosis or harmful encounters with practitioners. In addition, participants identified modifying factors (eg, insurance coverage) that could make receiving screening easier or harder. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study of patient lung cancer screening decisions, environmental, psychosocial, and modifying factors influenced screening decisions. The findings suggest that systems-level interventions, such as those that help practitioners understand and discuss patients' prior negative health care experiences, are needed to promote effective screening decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jessica R. Fernandez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kemberlee Bonnet
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Qualitative Research Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ashley Sellers
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Qualitative Research Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David G. Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Qualitative Research Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allana T. Forde
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Consuelo H. Wilkins
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boswell SS. Academic entitlement and Ratemyprofessors.com evaluations bias student teaching evaluations: Implications for faculty evaluation and policy-lenient professors' occupational health. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29473. [PMID: 38655302 PMCID: PMC11036007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored relationships between academic entitlement (AE) and Ratemyprofessors.com (RMP) use. It also investigated, while controlling for AE, if RMP evaluation positivity influences students' intentions to ask for policy exemptions, beliefs professors would provide them, intentions to reward and punish professors contingent upon provision of policy exemptions by improving or lowering their student teaching evaluations, and intentions to evaluate and reenroll with professors. Following exposure to RMP evaluations, participants (n = 320) rated their intentions and beliefs toward a fictional professor. They also completed an AE measure. AE was related to frequency of writing RMP evaluations as well as participants' intentions to ask for exemptions, beliefs they would receive them, and intentions to reward and punish professors. RMP evaluation positivity affected participants' intentions to ask for and beliefs they would receive policy exemptions as well as intention to evaluate and reenroll with professors. Effects did not differ by professor or student gender. Participants reported intention to improve the evaluation of professors who provide any policy exemption. This study's findings suggest that student attitudes related to AE and impacted by RMP evaluations have significant implications for professors' occupational health via requests for policy exemptions and the consequences of professors' responses to them. These findings also contribute to the body of evidence that student teaching evaluations do not exclusively measure teaching effectiveness. Similar to grade leniency, policy leniency may bias student teaching evaluations. These contribute to the ongoing discussion of the use of student teaching evaluations in faculty personnel decisions and underscore the need for robust approaches to professor evaluation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Swahn MH, Martinez P, Balenger A, Luningham J, Seth G, Awan S, Aneja R. Demographic disparities in the limited awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor: empirical findings from a cross-sectional study of U.S. women. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1076. [PMID: 38637773 PMCID: PMC11025251 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is an established yet modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. However, recent research indicates that the vast majority of U.S. women are unaware that alcohol use is a risk factor for breast cancer. There is limited information about the sociodemographic characteristics and alcohol use correlates of awareness of the alcohol use and breast cancer link, and this is critically important for health promotion and intervention efforts. In this study, we assessed prevalence of the awareness of alcohol use as a risk factor for breast cancer among U.S. women and examined sociodemographic and alcohol use correlates of awareness of this link. METHODS We conducted a 20-minute online cross-sectional survey, called the ABLE (Alcohol and Breast Cancer Link Awareness) survey, among U.S. women aged 18 years and older (N = 5,027) in the fall of 2021. Survey questions assessed awareness that alcohol use increases breast cancer risk (yes, no, don't know/unsure); past-year alcohol use and harmful drinking via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); and family, health, and sociodemographic characteristics. We conducted multivariate multinomial regression analysis to identify correlates of awareness that alcohol use increases breast cancer risk. RESULTS Overall, 24.4% reported that alcohol use increased breast cancer risk, 40.2% reported they were unsure, and 35.4% reported that there was no link between alcohol use and breast cancer. In adjusted analysis, awareness of alcohol use as a breast cancer risk factor, compared to not being aware or unsure, was associated with being younger (18-25 years old), having a college degree, and having alcohol use disorder symptoms. Black women were less likely than white women to report awareness of the alcohol use and breast cancer link. CONCLUSIONS Overall, only a quarter of U.S. women were aware that alcohol use increases breast cancer risk, although 40% expressed uncertainty. Differences in awareness by age, level of education, race and ethnicity and level of alcohol use offer opportunities for tailored prevention interventions, while the overall low level of awareness calls for widespread efforts to increase awareness of the breast cancer risk from alcohol use among U.S. women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Swahn
- Health Promotion and Physical Education, Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
| | | | | | - Justin Luningham
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Seth
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sofia Awan
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang H, Poudel N, Simpson S, Chou C, Ngorsuraches S. Important Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination Among African Americans in Black Belt Region. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1033-1044. [PMID: 37071332 PMCID: PMC10112325 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify important barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among African Americans living in the Black Belt region. METHODS A cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire survey was conducted using best-worst scaling case 1 (the object case). Thirty-two potential barriers to COVID-19 vaccination were identified from the literature and confirmed by an expert. A nested balanced incomplete block design was used to generate 62 sets of 16 choice tasks. Each choice task included six barriers. Participants were asked to choose the most and least important barriers to their COVID-19 vaccination in each choice task of one set. The natural logarithm of the square root of best counts divided by the worst counts of each barrier was calculated to rank the importance of barriers. RESULTS Responses from a total of 808 participants were included. Among 32 barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, the five most important barriers were "safety concern of COVID-19 vaccines," "rapid mutation of COVID-19," "ingredients of COVID-19 vaccines," "Emergency Use Authorization (Fast-track approval) of COVID-19 vaccines," and "inconsistent information of COVID-19 vaccines." On the other hand, the five least important barriers were "religious reasons," "lack of time to get COVID-19 vaccine," "no support from my family and friends," "political reasons," and "fear of the needle." CONCLUSIONS Important barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination for African Americans living in the Black Belt region centered around the issues that could be resolved by communication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqin Yang
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Savanah Simpson
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Surachat Ngorsuraches
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peng W, Huang Q, Mao B. Evaluating variations in the barriers to colorectal cancer screening associated with telehealth use in rural U.S. Pacific Northwest. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:635-645. [PMID: 38001334 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain consistently high in rural populations. Telehealth can improve screening uptake by overcoming individual and environmental disadvantages in rural communities. The present study aimed to characterize varying barriers to CRC screening between rural individuals with and without experience in using telehealth. METHOD The cross-sectional study surveyed 250 adults aged 45-75 residing in rural U.S. states of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington from June to September 2022. The associations between CRC screening and four sets of individual and environmental factors specific to rural populations (i.e., demographic characteristics, accessibility, patient-provider factors, and psychological factors) were assessed among respondents with and without past telehealth adoption. RESULT Respondents with past telehealth use were more likely to screen if they were married, had a better health status, had experienced discrimination in health care, and had perceived susceptibility, screening efficacy, and cancer fear, but less likely to screen when they worried about privacy or had feelings of embarrassment, pain, and discomfort. Among respondents without past telehealth use, the odds of CRC screening decreased with busy schedules, travel burden, discrimination in health care, and lower perceived needs. CONCLUSION Rural individuals with and without previous telehealth experience face different barriers to CRC screening. The finding suggests the potential efficacy of telehealth in mitigating critical barriers to CRC screening associated with social, health care, and built environments of rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Murrow Hall 211, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Communication, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Bingjing Mao
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abar CC, Thomson BR, Miley A, Halter N, Turner S, Jones V, Sarra S. Active tracking measures: Providing targets for youth alcohol use and health behavior interventions. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241236029. [PMID: 38444202 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241236029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to use examine the utility of recently published, developmentally informed measures of parental active tracking for work on youth health behaviors. Information on parental active tracking and health behaviors were collected in six independent survey studies (n's = 157-408). A series of empirical questions regarding parental active tracking were examined. The recently published measures of parental active tracking in high school and college were shown to have sufficient internal consistency, to be well described by single latent factors, to be empirically distinct from helicopter parenting, to be inconsistently linked with youth risk behaviors, and to demonstrate closer linkages with youth substance use when accounting for parental motivations for tracking. The measures of parental active tracking employed provide face valid, psychometrically sound, and empirically supported indices for use examining parental influences during adolescence and young adulthood.
Collapse
|
14
|
Schlier B, Lincoln TM, Kingston JL, So SH, Gaudiano BA, Morris EMJ, Ellett L. Cross-cultural validation of the revised Green et al., paranoid thoughts scale. Psychol Med 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38314511 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With efforts increasing worldwide to understand and treat paranoia, there is a pressing need for cross-culturally valid assessments of paranoid beliefs. The recently developed Revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) constitutes an easy to administer self-report assessment of mild ideas of reference and more severe persecutory thoughts. Moreover, it comes with clinical cut-offs for increased usability in research and clinical practice. With multiple translations of the R-GPTS already available and in use, a formal test of its measurement invariance is now needed. METHODS Using data from a multinational cross-sectional online survey in the UK, USA, Australia, Germany, and Hong Kong (N = 2510), we performed confirmatory factory analyses on the R-GPTS and tested for measurement invariance across sites. RESULTS We found sufficient fit for the two-factor structure (ideas of reference, persecutory thoughts) of the R-GPTS across cultures. Measurement invariance was found for the persecutory thoughts subscale, indicating that it does measure the same construct across the tested samples in the same way. For ideas of reference, we found no scalar invariance, which was traced back to (mostly higher) item intercepts in the Hong Kong sample. CONCLUSION We found sufficient invariance for the persecutory thoughts scale, which is of substantial practical importance, as it is used for the screening of clinical paranoia. A direct comparison of the ideas of reference sum-scores between cultures, however, may lead to an over-estimation of these milder forms of paranoia in some (non-western) cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schlier
- Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | - Suzanne H So
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | | - Lyn Ellett
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nijs T, Martinovic B, Verkuyten M. The Two Routes of Collective Psychological Ownership: Rights and Responsibilities Explain Intentions to Exclude Outsiders and Engage in Stewardship Behavior. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:270-284. [PMID: 36285803 PMCID: PMC10860364 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221129757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
People can have a sense of collective ownership of a particular territory, such as "our" country, "our" neighborhood, and "our" park. Collective psychological ownership is argued to go together with rights and responsibilities that have different behavioral implications. We found that collective psychological ownership leads to perceived determination right, and indirectly to the exclusion of outsiders from "our" place. Simultaneously, collective psychological ownership leads to perceived group responsibility, and indirectly to engagement in stewardship behavior. These results were found among Dutch adults, cross-sectionally in relation to their country (Study 1; N = 617) and a neighborhood (Study 2; N = 784), and experimentally in relation to an imaginary local park (Study 3; N = 384, Study 4; N = 502, both pre-registered). Our research shows that the feeling that a place is "ours" can, via perceived rights and responsibilities, result in both exclusionary and prosocial behavioral tendencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Nijs
- Utrecht University/Ercomer, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manne S, Wu Y, Buller D, Heckman C, Devine K, Frederick S, Solleder J, Schaefer A, Lu SE. The Effects of a Parent-Focused Social Media Intervention on Child Sun Safety: Pilot and Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48402. [PMID: 38064250 PMCID: PMC10746961 DOI: 10.2196/48402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle childhood (ages 8-12 years) is a critical period for forming behavioral habits and reducing the risk for the development of skin cancer later in life. During this time, children develop more autonomy and spend more unsupervised time away from their parents. Professional agencies recommend that all children engage in regular sun protection behaviors and avoid the sun during peak daytime hours. Unfortunately, in middle childhood, child sun protection often declines and UV radiation exposure increases. Effective parenting involves balancing ways to encourage the child's increasing independence while providing practical assistance to ensure sun protection is implemented. OBJECTIVE The goal was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Sun Safe Families, a Facebook group intervention for parents of children between 8 and 12 years of age. METHODS The team developed Facebook messages targeting parent knowledge, normative influences, sun safety barriers, planning and goal setting, confidence in implementing sun safety, communication, forming habits, and managing sun safety in risky situations. A total of 92 parents were enrolled, and the groups ran for 6 weeks. Feasibility was measured by enrollment and retention rates. Acceptability was measured by engagement in the Facebook groups. Satisfaction was assessed by a treatment evaluation. At pre- and post-intervention, parents completed measures of child sun protection, UV radiation exposure, sunburn, sun safety knowledge, child risk, barriers, sun protection self-efficacy, planning, sun safe habits, norms for child sun safety, and communication about sun safety. RESULTS Enrollment (64.3%, 92/143) and retention (94.6%, 87/92) were good. On average, participants viewed 67.6% (56.8/84) of posts, "liked" 16.4% (13.77/84) of posts, commented on 14.8% (12.43/84) of posts, and voted on 46% (6.4/14) of polls. Satisfaction was excellent. From pre- to post-intervention, there were significant increases in child sun protection, sun exposure, and sunburn (P<.01; moderate effect sizes), as well as statistically significant increases in planning and self-efficacy (P<.05) and family norms and parent communication (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated high survey retention, acceptability, and satisfaction with the intervention. There were promising preliminary effects on child sun protection behaviors and parent sun protection attitudes and communication with their child. Replication with a larger sample size and a comparison condition is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Manne
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yelena Wu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Carolyn Heckman
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Katie Devine
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sara Frederick
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Justin Solleder
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Alexis Schaefer
- Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shou-En Lu
- Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brenner AT, Waters AR, Wangen M, Rohweder C, Odebunmi O, Marciniak MW, Ferrari RM, Wheeler SB, Shah PD. Patient preferences for the design of a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening program. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:99-112. [PMID: 37072526 PMCID: PMC10113122 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess preferences for design of a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program (PharmFIT™) among screening-eligible adults in the United States (US) and explore the impact of rurality on pharmacy use patterns (e.g., pharmacy type, prescription pick-up preference, service quality rating). METHODS We conducted a national online survey of non-institutionalized US adults through panels managed by Qualtrics, a survey research company. A total of 1,045 adults (response rate 62%) completed the survey between March and April 2021. Sampling quotas matched respondents to the 2010 US Census and oversampled rural residents. We assessed pharmacy use patterns by rurality and design preferences for learning about PharmFIT™; receiving a FIT kit from a pharmacy; and completing and returning the FIT kit. RESULTS Pharmacy use patterns varied, with some notable differences across rurality. Rural respondents used local, independently owned pharmacies more than non-rural respondents (20.4%, 6.3%, p < 0.001) and rated pharmacy service quality higher than non-rural respondents. Non-rural respondents preferred digital communication to learn about PharmFIT™ (36% vs 47%; p < 0.001) as well as digital FIT counseling (41% vs 49%; p = 0.02) more frequently than rural participants. Preferences for receiving and returning FITs were associated with pharmacy use patterns: respondents who pick up prescriptions in-person preferred to get their FIT (OR 7.7; 5.3-11.2) and return it in-person at the pharmacy (OR 1.7; 1.1-2.4). CONCLUSION Pharmacies are highly accessible and could be useful for expanding access to CRC screening services. Local context and pharmacy use patterns should be considered in the design and implementation of PharmFIT™.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison T Brenner
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Austin R Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary Wangen
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Rohweder
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olufeyisayo Odebunmi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Macary Weck Marciniak
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Renée M Ferrari
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie B Wheeler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parth D Shah
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qasba NT, Wallace KF, Yu V, Capoccia KL, Goff SL, Shcherbakova N. Online survey of consumer awareness and perceptions of a Massachusetts law for 12-month supply of contraception. Contraception 2023; 128:110138. [PMID: 37544574 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize awareness of a 2017 Massachusetts (MA) law that ensures access to a 12-month supply of short-acting contraceptive methods (e.g., pill, patch, and vaginal ring) among short-acting contraceptive users in MA and to identify perceived benefits and concerns of a 12-month supply. STUDY DESIGN An online survey was administered to a Qualtrics panel of MA women who were using short-acting contraceptive methods and were insured by an eligible health plan. The survey's primary outcome was general awareness of the law; interest in, receipt of, and perceived benefits and risks of a 12-month supply were also elicited. Analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable analyses examining factors associated with awareness of the law. RESULTS Among the 207 survey respondents, 76% were aware of the law, and 93% expressed interest in receiving a 12-month supply of a short-acting method; however, only 9% received it. Respondents identified as White (66%), privately insured (59%), and pill users (44%). Concerns about a 12-month supply included privacy, product expiration, and change in personal medical status. Perceived benefits included avoiding multiple trips to pharmacy and increased compliance. Multivariable analyses showed general awareness of the law was only associated with employer-based insurance, with those respondents having 75% lower odds of being aware of the law than respondents with Medicaid coverage. CONCLUSION Although a high percentage of women surveyed were aware of the law and most were interested in receiving a 12-month supply of their short-acting method, the low percentage who have received a 12-month supply suggests barriers to policy uptake. IMPLICATIONS This study describes perceptions of the 12-month supply provision of the contraception Act Advancing Contraceptive Coverage and Economic Security in our State law. Addressing consumer concerns may be important to improve the implementation and dissemination of this state policy change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neena T Qasba
- Department of OBGYN, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States.
| | - Kate F Wallace
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Veronica Yu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Kam L Capoccia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Sarah L Goff
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramirez M, Teresi JA, Ellis J, Gonzalez-Lopez P, Silver S, Rutigliano M, Vidal-Manzano J, Boratgis G, Devanand DP, van Meer I, Bhatti I, Bhatti U, Luchsinger JA. Unexpected lucidity in dementia: application of qualitative methods to develop an informant-reported lucidity measure. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2395-2402. [PMID: 37145967 PMCID: PMC10592548 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2207167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unexpected lucidity is a phenomenon of scientific, clinical, and psychological relevance to health professionals, to those who experience it, and their relatives. This paper describes qualitative methods used to develop an informant-based measure of lucidity episodes. METHODS The approach was refinement of the operationalization of the construct; review of seminal items, modification, and purification; and confirmation of the feasibility of reporting methodology. Modified focus groups were conducted with 20 staff and 10 family members using a web-based survey. Themes included reaction when hearing the term; words that come to mind; description of and first reaction to referenced or observed 'lucidity' events. Semi-structured cognitive interviews were conducted with 10 health professionals working with older adults with cognitive impairment. Data were extracted from Qualtrics or Microsoft 365 Word® for analysis using NVivo. RESULTS Conceptual issues, as well as issues regarding comprehension, interpretation, clarity, semantics, and standardization of definitions derived from an external advisory board, focus groups and cognitive interviews informed items' modification, and resulted in the final lucidity measure. CONCLUSIONS An obstacle to understanding the mechanisms and estimating the prevalence of lucid events among individuals with dementia and other neurological conditions is the scarcity of reliable and valid measures. The substantive and varied data gathered from multiple methods including the collaborative work of an External Advisory Board, modified focus groups with staff and family caregivers, and structured cognitive interviews with health professionals were central in creating the revised version of the lucidity measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Ramirez
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanne A. Teresi
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
- Columbia University Stroud Center; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie Ellis
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paloma Gonzalez-Lopez
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Silver
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Mojdeh Rutigliano
- Nursing Department, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Josephine Vidal-Manzano
- Nursing Department, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Boratgis
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Irena van Meer
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Ismaa Bhatti
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - Usama Bhatti
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale by RiverSpring Living, Riverdale, New York, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Post EG, Rivera MJ, Doss D, Eberman LE. Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1196-1205. [PMID: 37795335 PMCID: PMC10547085 DOI: 10.26603/001c.86127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While previous studies have examined the impact of family socioeconomic characteristics on a child's sport specialization behaviors, this research has been limited to affluent communities with limited sociodemographic diversity. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine associations of parent income and education with child sport specialization behaviors among a nationally representative sample of youth sport parents in the United States. Study Design Cross-sectional. Methods Parents of youth athletes in the United States (n=236, age: 39.2±8.1 years, 57.2% female) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire by Qualtrics Online Samples (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) using a combination of actively managed, double-opt-in market research panels. The questionnaire used for this study consisted of: 1) parent demographics (including parent age, race/ethnicity, biological sex, gender identity, household income, and educational status), and 2) child sport participation characteristics and sport specialization behaviors. Results Parents who reported an annual household income of $75,001 or more were more likely than parents making less than $75,000 to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.27]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 1.85 [1.10-3.11]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 2.45 [1.45-4.14]). Parents who reported receiving a Bachelor's degree or higher were more likely than parents who did not to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR [95%CI]: 3.04 [1.78-5.18]), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR [95%CI]: 2.42 [1.43-4.10]), or specialized in a single sport (OR [95%CI]: 1.94 [1.15-3.26]). Conclusions Thes results suggest that in the modern youth sport culture, family resources may serve as a major determining factor in the type of experiences available for a youth athlete. Level of Evidence III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Post
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation Indiana State University
| | - Matthew J Rivera
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation Indiana State University
| | - Darleesa Doss
- College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University
| | - Lindsey E Eberman
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation Indiana State University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colton KC, Godleski SA, Baschnagel JS, Houston RJ, DeHarder SM. Alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: gender, parenthood, intimate partner violence, and stress. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:360-377. [PMID: 37304583 PMCID: PMC10251053 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Some preliminary work during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that adult alcohol use increased, particularly for parents. This cross-sectional study examined the quantity and frequency of adults' alcohol use during the early stages of the pandemic. Additionally, the influences of gender, parenthood, COVID-19-related stressors and intimate partner violence (IPV) on alcohol consumption were examined. The sample consisted of 298 adults (98 parents) from across the United States who completed self-report surveys through Qualtrics at the beginning of the pandemic in May 2020. In the present study, all men reported higher levels of drinking compared to all women. Although stress levels did not impact alcohol consumption, findings indicate that increased IPV experiences were associated with higher levels of heavy drinking during the pandemic. Results also suggested that having children in the home particularly impacted drinking levels during the pandemic, above and beyond the influence of gender, IPV, and stress levels. These findings suggest that parenthood may have had a cascading influence on drinking experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Croker JA, Werts M, Couch ET, Chaffee BW. Cannabis use among adolescents and emerging adults who use e-cigarettes: Findings from an online, national U.S. Sample. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107620. [PMID: 36724700 PMCID: PMC9984189 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent use of e-cigarettes and cannabis among adolescents and emerging adults is a growing public health concern. More research is needed describing cannabis use among adolescents and emerging adults who vape. The objective of this study was to characterize cannabis use among adolescents and emerging adults (age 14-20) who reported e-cigarette ever-use, particularly their use of blunts and liquid cannabis vape (LCV) products. Using cross-sectional data from a national online survey, we describe their patterns of cannabis use, detail their use of flavored cannabis and tobacco products, and estimate associations of demographic factors and other current substance use behaviors with levels of blunt and LCV use. Of the 2253 respondents in the sample, 1379 (61 %) reported some form of cannabis use in the past 30 days, among whom 80 % used flavored cannabis (including edibles). Significant associations with current cannabis use were observed on several demographic measures, with current cannabis blunt use more frequent among participants not in school, non-Hispanic Blacks, multiracial respondents, and those whose incomes do not meet their expenses. Other than income, demographic characteristics were generally not associated with LCV use frequency. Use of other substances was associated with more frequent use of both blunts and LCV in the past 30 days, and enrollment in college or the military seems somewhat protective for emerging adults. These findings suggest a need for tailored prevention efforts among high-risk adolescents and emerging adults, potential regulation of added flavors in commercialized cannabis products, and stronger enforcement of retail restrictions for individuals under age 21 more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Croker
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Miranda Werts
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Couch
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Chaffee
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Snoswell CL, Haydon HM, Kelly JT, Thomas EE, Caffery LJ, Smith AC. How do consumers prefer their care delivered: In-person, telephone or videoconference? J Telemed Telecare 2023:1357633X231160333. [PMID: 36927220 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x231160333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To gain a better understanding of consumer experiences with and preferences for telephone and videoconference consultations (telehealth), and how these compare to traditional in-person consultations. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey was administered to a representative sample of Australian adults who have received a telehealth service within the last year. Consumers were recruited by Qualtrics® through their online sampling service. The sample was representative of the broader Australian population according to gender, age, location (state/territory), and place of residence (urban or remote). Information on demographics (e.g., age, gender, employment status), recent telehealth experience, and preferences for consultation modality was collected. To measure preferences consumers were asked to indicate which modality they would prefer (in-person, telephone, or videoconference) for different scenarios. These included consultations of various time lengths, and for the top ten conditions for which individuals sought a general practitioner. RESULTS A total of 1069 consumers completed the survey. When consumers were asked to describe their most recent telehealth appointment, most were for follow-up appointments (67%) and completed by telephone (77%) rather than by videoconference, and with a general practitioner (75%). In-person consultations at a clinic were the top preference in all clinical scenarios presented, except when needing a prescription or to receive test results. In these cases, a telephone consultation was the preferred modality. Inexperience with videoconference and duration of consultation influenced preference for consultation mode. Consumers preferred to have short consultations of around five minutes done by telehealth (telephone or videoconference), while they preferred in-person for longer consultations (up to 60 minutes). CONCLUSIONS Many Australians have used telehealth in the past year to access healthcare, with telephone being the most common form of communication. Given the option and the experience to date, consumers prefer telephone when consultations related to either prescriptions or test results. Experience with videoconference for consultations increased consumer preferences for using it for future consultations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Centaine L Snoswell
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen M Haydon
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jaimon T Kelly
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma E Thomas
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liam J Caffery
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony C Smith
- 430948Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, 1974The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, 6174University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chaffee BW, Couch ET, Wilkinson ML, Donaldson CD, Cheng NF, Ameli N, Zhang X, Gansky SA. Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 246:109834. [PMID: 36963159 PMCID: PMC10121941 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain product characteristics, such as flavor, may increase adolescents' willingness to try vaped nicotine and cannabis (marijuana) products. METHODS A discrete choice experiment embedded within the 2021-2022 California Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project Online Survey was administered to a non-probability sample of N = 2342 adolescents ages 12-17. Participants were sequentially presented four randomly-generated pairs of hypothetical vape products that varied in device type (disposable, refillable), content (nicotine, marijuana, "just vapor"), and flavor (seven options) and asked which of these (or neither) they would be more willing to try if a best friend offered. Conditional logistic regression quantified associations between product characteristics and participants' selections, including interactions by past 30-day use of e-cigarettes, marijuana, or both. RESULTS Candy/dessert, fruit, and fruit-ice combination flavors were all associated with greater willingness to try a vape product (versus tobacco flavor) among participants not using e-cigarettes or marijuana, those using only e-cigarettes, and those co-using e-cigarettes and marijuana. Among participants only using marijuana, the most preferred flavors were no flavor, candy/dessert, and icy/frost/menthol. Among participants not using e-cigarettes or marijuana, model-predicted willingness to try a displayed vape product was greater when products were sweet or fruit flavored than tobacco or unflavored, regardless of whether displayed options contained nicotine (fruit/sweet: 21 %, tobacco/unflavored: 4 %), marijuana (fruit/sweet: 18 %, tobacco/unflavored: 6 %), or "just vapor" (fruit/sweet: 29 %, tobacco/unflavored: 16 %). CONCLUSIONS In this online non-probability sample, flavors in nicotine and cannabis vape products increased adolescents' willingness to try them. Comprehensive bans on flavored vapes would likely reduce adolescent use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Chaffee
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366 Library, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Couch
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366 Library, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Monica L Wilkinson
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, CHC/California Tobacco Control Branch, MS 7206, P.O. Box 997377, Sacramento, CA 95899, USA
| | - Candice D Donaldson
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, CHC/California Tobacco Control Branch, MS 7206, P.O. Box 997377, Sacramento, CA 95899, USA
| | - Nancy F Cheng
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Niloufar Ameli
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xueying Zhang
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, CHC/California Tobacco Control Branch, MS 7206, P.O. Box 997377, Sacramento, CA 95899, USA
| | - Stuart A Gansky
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366 Library, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balenger A, Scott LC, Swahn MH, Aneja R. Acceptability of Primary Care Counseling and Brief Educational Messages to Increase Awareness about Alcohol and Breast Cancer Risks among Bisexual and Lesbian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4184. [PMID: 36901202 PMCID: PMC10002287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research had two aims: (1) to assess how often bisexual and lesbian women self-report screening and counseling for alcohol use in primary care settings; and (2) understand how bisexual and lesbian women respond to brief messages that alcohol increases breast cancer risk. The study sample consisted of 4891 adult U.S. women who responded to an online, cross-sectional Qualtrics survey in September-October 2021. The survey included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), questions about alcohol screening and brief counseling in primary care, and questions assessing awareness of the link between alcohol use and breast cancer. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted. Bisexual and lesbian women had higher odds of harmful drinking (AUDIT score ≥ 8) than heterosexual women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.57 for bisexual women; AOR =1.78, 95% CI = 1.24-2.57 for lesbian women). However, bisexual and lesbian women were no more likely than heterosexual women to be advised about drinking in primary care. In addition, bisexual, lesbian, and heterosexual women had similar reactions to messages highlighting that alcohol is a risk factor for breast cancer. Women across all three sexual orientations who are harmful drinkers more often agreed to search for more information online or talk to a medical professional compared to non-harmful drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Balenger
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Lia C. Scott
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Monica H. Swahn
- Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thinking of how you think of me: working cancer survivors' metaperceptions of competence and why they matter. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-07-2022-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PurposeCancer-related stigma is a troubling challenge faced by working cancer survivors and organizations aiming to promote inclusive work environments. Research suggests that a harmful stereotype faced by cancer survivors is that the cancer survivors are low in competence. Leveraging the concept of the looking glass self and social cognitive theory, the authors develop a theoretical model about psychological processes through which cancer survivors' competence metaperceptions are related to work outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors recruited 200 working cancer survivors from online research panels and empirically test a theoretical model on how cancer survivors' metaperceptions of competence are related to the survivors' turnover intention and vigor at work. The authors additionally conducted an experimental vignette study among a sample of 133 students to examine confounds concerning causal order.FindingsThe authors found that favorable competence metaperceptions were related to decreased turnover intentions and increased vigor through cancer survivors' enhanced self-efficacy, especially for survivors high in need for emotional support.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that inclusive organizations should pay attention to employees with cancer histories as a hidden disadvantaged group. To protect and motivate working cancer survivors, managers need to create a positive socio-cognitive working environment where cancer survivors are respected and valued.Originality/valueBy examining cancer survivors' metaperceptions and showing that survivors may internalize others' stereotype about individuals with a history of cancer, the authors advance the understanding about cancer survivors' return-to-work challenges.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tretiakov A, Jurado T, Bensemann J. Employee Empowerment and HR Flexibility in Information Technology SMEs. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2022.2158962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Jurado
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jo Bensemann
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sanchez K, Hall LR, da Graca B, Bennett MM, Powers MB, Warren AM. The experience of COVID-19 among people with depression: Impact on daily life and coping strategies. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:59-65. [PMID: 36283536 PMCID: PMC9595490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among U.S. adults increased dramatically during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on people with a history of depression. METHODS In June 2020, a national sample of 5023 U.S. adults, including 760 reporting past/current diagnoses of depression, completed survey measures related to the COVID experience, coping, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, a history of depression increased the odds of negative effects of pandemic on multiple aspects of life: routines, access to mental health treatment, alcohol use, prescription painkiller use, and other drug use. Those with a history of depression also scored significantly higher on the PHQ-8, GAD-7, and PDS-5 (all ps < 0.0001). Greater use of adaptive coping strategies was significantly associated with lower scores, and greater use of maladaptive strategies with higher scores. Individuals reporting a history of depression reported greater use of both adaptive and maladaptive strategies. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive coping strategies appear to be protective and help regulate symptomatology, suggesting that particular focus during the clinical encounter on developing tools to promote well-being, alleviate stress, and decrease perceptions of helplessness could mitigate the effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sanchez
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America; University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, United States of America.
| | - Lauren R. Hall
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Briget da Graca
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Monica M. Bennett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Powers
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Texas A&M University – College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Texas A&M University – College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clay LA, Kendra J. Differences in Household Preparedness and Adaptation for COVID-19. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e339. [PMID: 36474401 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify differences in preparedness for and adaptations to COVID-19 in a cohort sample of New York City residents. METHODS A proportional quota sample (n = 1020) of individuals residing in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic participated in a Qualtrics web survey. Quotas were set for age, sex, race, and income to mirror the population of New York City based on the 2018 American Community Survey. RESULTS Low self-efficacy, low social support, and low sense of community increased the odds of securing provisions to prepare for COVID-19. Being an essential worker, poor mental health, and having children in the household reduced the likelihood of engaging in preparedness practices. Essential workers and individuals with probable serious mental illness were less likely to report preparedness planning for the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to evolving theories of preparedness. There are differences across the sample in preparedness types, and different kinds of preparedness are associated with different household characteristics. Findings suggest that public officials and others concerned with population wellbeing might productively turn attention to education and outreach activities indexed to these characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Clay
- Department of Emergency Health Services, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
| | - James Kendra
- Disaster Research Center and Joseph R Biden (Jr) School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Calo WA, Lennon RP, Ruffin Iv MT, Keller C, Spanos K, D'Souza G, Kraschnewski JL. Support for HPV vaccine school-entry requirements in the United States: The role of exemption policies. Vaccine 2022; 40:7426-7432. [PMID: 36030125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the United States (U.S.), only five states or territories require human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for school attendance, even though almost all U.S. jurisdictions have debated adopting this type of policy. In this U.S. based study, we sought to estimate the level of support for HPV vaccine school-entry requirements with varying exemption policies and documentation procedures to obtain exemptions. Between July and August 2019, we conducted a web-based survey with a national sample of 1,109 U.S. parents of 11- to 17-year-olds. The survey assessed support for four school-entry vaccine requirement policies: without exemption or with exemption for medical, religious or philosophical reasons. Analyses used multivariable logistic regression to assess correlates of support for each policy. Overall, 38% of parents agreed with laws requiring HPV vaccination for school attendance without exemptions. When including exemption provisions, agreement increased to 45% for philosophical reasons, 50% for religious reasons, and 59% for medical reasons. Parents more often agreed on requirements without any exemptions if they were female (OR = 1.37, 95% CI:1.01-1.87), their child had initiated HPV vaccination (OR = 2.05, 95% CI:1.50-2.87), reported high levels of vaccine confidence (OR = 2.41, 95% CI:1.77-3.27), or reported having values similar to those of the people in their community (OR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.39-2.47). Parents more often agreed with requirements that included religious or philosophical exemptions if they reported having values similar to their community or high levels of psychological reactance (all p <.05). Many parents also supported requiring a written notice signed by a health care provider (40%) or religious leader (49%) to obtain a medical or religious exemption, respectively. In conclusion, exemption policies greatly increase parent support of school-entry requirements for HPV vaccination but may decrease their impact in practice. A large number of U.S. parents support strict documentation to obtain exemptions, signaling a promising area of policymaking to strengthen vaccine policies for school attendance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Calo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Robert P Lennon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mack T Ruffin Iv
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Keller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Spanos
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gail D'Souza
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kraschnewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cooks EJ, Duke KA, Flood-Grady E, Vilaro MJ, Ghosh R, Parker N, Te P, George TJ, Lok BC, Williams M, Carek P, Krieger JL. Can virtual human clinicians help close the gap in colorectal cancer screening for rural adults in the United States? The influence of rural identity on perceptions of virtual human clinicians. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102034. [PMID: 36531088 PMCID: PMC9747643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rural adults experience disparities in colorectal cancer screening, a trend even more distinct among rural Black adults. Healthcare disruptions caused by COVID-19 exacerbated inequities, heightening attention on virtual communication strategies to increase screening. Yet little is known about how rural adults perceive virtual human clinicians (VHCs). Given that identifying as rural influences perceived source credibility often through appearance judgments, the goal of this pilot was to explore how to develop VHCs that individuals highly identified with rurality find attractive. Between November 2018 and April 2019, we tested a culturally tailored, VHC-led telehealth intervention delivering evidence-based colorectal cancer prevention education with White and Black adults (N = 2079) in the United States recruited through an online panel who were non-adherent to screening guidelines and between 50 and 73 years of age. Participants were randomized on three factors (VHC race-matching, VHC gender-matching, Intervention type). Ordinal logistic regression models examined VHC appearance ratings. Participants with a high rural identity (AOR = 1.12, CI = [1.02, 1.23], p =.02) rated the VHCs more attractive. High rural belonging influenced VHC attractiveness for Black participants (AOR = 1.22, CI = [1.03, 1.44], p =.02). Also, Black participants interacting with a Black VHC and reporting high rural self-concept rated the VHC as more attractive (AOR = 2.22, CI = [1.27, 3.91], p =.01). Findings suggest adults for whom rural identity is important have more positive impressions of VHC attractiveness. For patients with strong rural identities, enhancing VHC appearance is critical to tailoring colorectal cancer prevention interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Cooks
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, USA
| | - Kyle A. Duke
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Elizabeth Flood-Grady
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, USA
| | - Melissa J. Vilaro
- Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, University of Florida, USA
| | - Rashi Ghosh
- Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, College of Engineering. University of Florida, USA
| | - Naomi Parker
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, USA
| | - Palani Te
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Lok
- Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, College of Engineering. University of Florida, USA
| | - Maribeth Williams
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Peter Carek
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Janice L. Krieger
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chakraborty A, Barton A, O’Loughlin A, Kandra HS. Exploratory Survey of Australian SMEs: an Investigation into the Barriers and Opportunities Associated with Circular Economy. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 3:1-23. [PMID: 36466114 PMCID: PMC9702766 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-022-00235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for 97.4% of all businesses in Australia and, contribute, by revenue, 32% to the country's economy. In the last decade, Australian SMEs have become increasingly aware of the importance of sustainability and need to shift away from a linear to circular economy (CE). Since 2019, there has been considerable growth on CE adoption research in SMEs, but empirical research examining Australian SMEs has yet to be undertaken. This study has used a survey and aims to understand the enablers and barriers of CE adoption in Australian SMEs. The research addresses three specific research questions- What are the barriers that impact CE adoption in Australian SMEs?; What enablers facilitate CE adoption in Australian SMEs?; and What is the effect of industry type, geographic location and job roles on enablers and barriers identification for CE adoption in Australian SMEs? Based on 352 responses from the survey of Australian SMEs, the paper identifies and analyses the enablers and barriers that these organizations face as they transition towards circular economy. The impact that location, industry sector and the role respondents undertake within the organization provides some interesting insights into how Australian SMEs are managing the process of adoption of CE. The research demonstrates that there is an overwhelming need for the development of consistent, sectoral, industry and location-specific policies by the federal and state governments to support internal policy development and the acquisition of new technologies in order to stimulate Australian SME CE adoption. In addition, Australian SMEs need to have a better understanding of how budgetary constraints, the lack of customer awareness and an absence of clearly defined business process impact CE adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Chakraborty
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Andrew Barton
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Andrew O’Loughlin
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Harpreet S. Kandra
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Robinson-Oghogho JN, Thorpe RJ, Neff RA. Dietary Behaviors among New Users of Meal-Kit Services during the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193953. [PMID: 36235605 PMCID: PMC9572310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way people acquired food, including increased use of meal-kit delivery services. Investigators analyzed data from a national survey of US adults collected between July 2020 and September 2020, to describe new users of meal-kit services during the pandemic and explore associations between new use of meal-kits and dietary behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify differences in demographic characteristics and reported dietary behaviors between new and never meal-kit users. Nearly all new meal-kit users were under the age of 55 years (92.5%), lived in urban areas (90.1%), and reported having children in their households (82%). A higher proportion of new users were current SNAP participants (32.8%) compared to never users (17.1%). Compared to never users, new users of meal-kit services reported eating more fruits and vegetables (PR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.68), and more red and processed meats (PR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.49–3.85) since the pandemic began. Results suggest that meal-kit services may have been a useful resource for certain populations during the early months of COVID-19 and are potentially associated with increased consumption of certain foods. Further research examining the continued use and the influence of meal-kit services on diet is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle N. Robinson-Oghogho
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roni A. Neff
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Roberts MC, Foss KS, Henderson GE, Powell SN, Saylor KW, Weck KE, Milko LV. Public Interest in Population Genetic Screening for Cancer Risk. Front Genet 2022; 13:886640. [PMID: 35938028 PMCID: PMC9354961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging role for DNA sequencing is to identify people at risk for an inherited cancer syndrome in order to prevent or ameliorate the manifestation of symptoms. Two cancer syndromes, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Lynch Syndrome meet the "Tier 1" evidence threshold established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine testing of patients with a personal or family history of cancer. Advancements in genomic medicine have accelerated public health pilot programs for these highly medically actionable conditions. In this brief report, we provide descriptive statistics from a survey of 746 US respondents from a Qualtrics panel about the public's awareness of genetic testing, interest in learning about their cancer risk, and likelihood of participating in a population genetic screening (PGS) test. Approximately of half the respondents were aware of genetic testing for inherited cancer risk (n = 377/745, 50.6%) and would choose to learn about their cancer risk (n-309/635, 48.7%). Characteristics of those interested in learning about their cancer risk differed by educational attainment, age, income, insurance status, having a primary care doctor, being aware of genetic testing, and likelihood of sharing information with family (p < 0.05). A sizeable majority of the respondents who were interested in about learning their cancer risk also said that they were likely to participate in a PGS test that involved a clinical appointment and blood draw, but no out-of-pocket cost (n = 255/309, 82.5%). Reasons for not wanting to participate included not finding test results interesting or important, concerns about costs, and feeling afraid to know the results. Overall, our results suggest that engaging and educating the general population about the benefits of learning about an inherited cancer predisposition may be an important strategy to address recruitment barriers to PGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Roberts
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Foss
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gail E. Henderson
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sabrina N. Powell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Katherine W. Saylor
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karen E. Weck
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Laura V. Milko
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma M, Batra K, Wilkerson AH, Chirico F, Raich S. A multi-theory model based analysis of correlates for initiating and sustaining mammography screening behavior among Hispanic American women in the United States. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:110-119. [PMID: 35854851 PMCID: PMC9277286 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the known advantages of mammography, screening rates among Hispanic American women are lower compared to other ethnic groups. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to explore correlates of mammography screening behavior among a sample of Hispanic women aged 45-54 years living in the United States using the multi-theory model (MTM). Methods: A 50-item web-based survey consisting of psychometrically valid tools based on MTM theoretical framework was administered through non-random sampling procedures using Qualtrics. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 370 participants, nearly 49% (n=189) reported not having a mammogram in the past two years. The mean age of the sample was 48.8±2.8 years. A greater proportion of participants who have had a mammogram reported having health insurance compared to those who have not had a mammogram (93.1% vs. 75.7%, P <0.001). Results of hierarchical regression suggest that all MTM constructs, including participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, and changes in the physical environment explained 33.4% of variance in initiating mammography behavior among those who have not had a mammogram. Similarly, practice for change, emotional transformation, and changes in the social environment explained 53% of the variance in sustenance of the behavior change. Conclusion: Along with the MTM subscales, this study points to the important correlates such as health insurance and messaging by healthcare providers to promote the mammography seeking behavior among Hispanic women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Kavita Batra
- UNLV Medicine Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | | | - Francesco Chirico
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Post-Graduate Specialization, Rome, Italy
| | - Siddharth Raich
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rice WL, Taff BD, Lawhon B, Newman P. Anticipated post-pandemic substitution behavior among new outdoor recreationists in the U.S.: analysis across involvement and activity clusters. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2022.2092540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William L. Rice
- Parks, Tourism, and Recreation Management Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Society and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - B. Derrick Taff
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ben Lawhon
- Recreation Solutions Group, Lyons, CO, USA
| | - Peter Newman
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cartujano-Barrera F, Hernández-Torres R, Orfin RH, Chávez-Iñiguez A, Alvarez Lopez O, Azogini C, Bermudez D, Arana-Chicas E, Cai X, McIntosh S, Ossip DJ, Cupertino AP. Proactive and Reactive Recruitment of Black and Latino Adolescents in a Vaping Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:937. [PMID: 35883921 PMCID: PMC9321256 DOI: 10.3390/children9070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assesses the effectiveness of proactive and reactive methods in the recruitment of Black and Latino adolescents into a vaping-prevention randomized controlled trial (RCT). This study also assessed the characteristics of study participants by recruitment method. Proactive recruitment strategies included study presentations at community-based events (e.g., festivals, health fairs), school-based events (e.g., back-to-school events, after-school programs), and recreational centers (e.g., fitness centers, malls). Reactive recruitment strategies included study advertisements via social media (e.g., Facebook posts shared by local community-based organizations), word of mouth, and an academic-based research hub. Using proactive and reactive methods, in a 4-month period, 362 Black and Latino adolescents were successfully enrolled into the RCT. Compared to the proactive method, adolescents screened reactively were equally likely to be eligible but significantly more likely to enroll in the study. However, both proactive and reactive strategies made notable contributions to the overall recruitment effort. Moreover, proactive and reactive methods attracted adolescents with different characteristics (e.g., age, gender, sexual orientation, etc.). These findings suggest that both proactive and reactive recruitment strategies should be implemented for studies interested in recruiting a diverse sample of Black and Latino adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cartujano-Barrera
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Rafael H. Orfin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Arlette Chávez-Iñiguez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Olga Alvarez Lopez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Chiamaka Azogini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Diana Bermudez
- Hackensack High School, Hackensack Public Schools, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA;
| | - Evelyn Arana-Chicas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Xueya Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Ana Paula Cupertino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.H.-T.); (R.H.O.); (A.C.-I.); (O.A.L.); (C.A.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.); (D.J.O.); (A.P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Food Pantry Use and Barriers in Massachusetts during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122531. [PMID: 35745261 PMCID: PMC9231159 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to describe racial disparities in food insecurity, food pantry use, and barriers to and experiences with food pantries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 2928 adults in Massachusetts regarding food access in the year before and during the first year of the pandemic. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models assessed racial differences in barriers to and experiences with pantry use during the pandemic. Black and Latino adults experienced the highest prevalence of food insecurity and pantry use. Additionally, Black and Latino adults reported more barriers to, but less stigma around, pantry use compared to White adults. Latino adults were less likely to know about pantry hours/locations and encounter staff who spoke their language. Black and Latino adults were also more likely to find pantry hours/locations inconvenient and have difficulty with transportation. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased food insecurity, and food access inequities persisted. Programmatic policies to improve pantry access in communities of color could include increasing the hours/days that pantries are open, increasing bilingual staff, providing transportation or delivery, and creating multilingual public awareness campaigns on how to locate pantries.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chaffee BW, Halpern-Felsher B, Croker JA, Werts M, Couch ET, Cheng J. Preferences, use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes among United States adolescents and young adults. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3. [PMID: 35757567 PMCID: PMC9224229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Citing concern over youth use, the Food and Drug Administration announced a prioritized enforcement policy against cartridge-based (reusable pod) e-cigarettes in non-menthol, non-tobacco flavors, effective February 2020. Data are needed regarding youth e-cigarette access and use behaviors following this policy. Methods: This cross-sectional national (USA) online panel survey, conducted March/April 2021, included 2253 participants ages 14–20 who ever used e-cigarettes ≥3 times (73% past 30-day users). Participants reported their flavor preferences, use reasons, and perceived ease of access. Latent class analysis categorized participants according to their preferred e-cigarette flavors, and multinominal logistic regression identified sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of class membership. Results: Most past 30-day e-cigarette users used reusable pod (77%) or modern disposable (68%) devices, ≥1 non-tobacco (92%), sweet (76%), and/or menthol flavors including fruit-ice (70%) (flavor and device categories not mutually exclusive). Most past 30-day users (70%) and non-users (63%) perceived it would be somewhat or very easy to acquire e-cigarettes in flavors they like. Latent class analysis identified four e-cigarette flavor preference classes: mint (34% of sample), no preference (29%), fruit/sweet (28%), and dislikes ≥1 flavor (10%). Relative to no preference, membership in fruit/sweet (RRR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.57) and mint (RRR: 3.85; 95% CI: 2.77, 5.36) classes was associated with using e-cigarettes ≥50 times. Fruit/sweet membership was inversely associated with combustible tobacco use (RRR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.66). Conclusion: Young e-cigarette users maintained ample access to flavored and cartridge-based products. Stronger access restrictions and enforcement are required to reduce youth e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Chaffee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Corresponding author: 707 Parnassus Ave. Room D3214, Box 0758, San Francisco, CA, 94143 United States.
| | | | - James Alton Croker
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Miranda Werts
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Couch
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jing Cheng
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Post EG, Rivera MJ, Doss D, Eberman LE. Parent decision-making regarding youth sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Community Health 2022; 47:687-696. [PMID: 35579728 PMCID: PMC9112262 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe youth sport participation behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by parents of youth sport athletes, to examine the association of family demographics with the likelihood of children resuming sports, and to qualitatively report the factors influencing parental decision-making regarding youth sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A national sample of parents of youth athletes from across the United States (n=236, age: 39.2±8.1 years, 57.2% female) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire by Qualtrics Online Samples (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) using a combination of actively managed, double-opt-in market research panels. The questionnaire focused on changes in child sport participation and family finances as a result of COVID-19 and included both close-ended and open-ended questions. RESULTS Most parents (63.1%) reported the time their children spent participating in organized youth sports had decreased because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three-quarters of parents (75.5%) reported that it was likely that their children would fully resume participating in organized youth sports within the next year. Parents whose financial situation was worsened by COVID-19 were less likely to report that their children would resume sports in the upcoming year. Three domains related to parental decision-making emerged from the open-ended responses: safety, fear, and normalcy. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the factors influencing changes in youth sport participation during the pandemic can allow systems to implement strategies for safe participation in youth sport and physical activity among children. Encouraging participation in outdoor sports with appropriate safety precautions such as masking, social distancing, and hygiene may reduce fear of participation among parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Post
- Indiana State University, Terre Haute, United States.
| | | | - Darleesa Doss
- Indiana State University, Terre Haute, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zheng D, Marbut AR, Zhang J, O'Keefe LC. The Contribution of Psychological Resilience and Job Meaningfulness to Well-being of Working Cancer Survivors. Workplace Health Saf 2022; 70:468-478. [PMID: 35491877 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221085466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies suggest that cancer survivors face workplace obstacles, to date there has been little empirical research regarding the personal and environmental factors that can help cancer survivors adjust to work. The purpose of this study was to examine how working survivors' resilience and job meaningfulness were related to their well-being outcomes, including lower cancer-related intrusive thoughts, fatigue, and presenteeism. METHODS We recruited 200 full-time employed cancer survivors from online participant panels using Qualtrics. Participants responded to an online survey that measured their resilience, job meaningfulness, job-related psychological distress, and well-being outcomes. We conducted descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and moderated mediated analysis to examine the psychological process in which resilience and job meaning are associated with cancer survivors' mental health and work outcomes. Findings: The relationship between cancer survivors' resilience and their well-being outcomes depended on job meaningfulness. For survivors whose jobs were not highly meaningful, their resilience was related to reduced job-related psychological distress, which, in turn, was related to lower intrusive thoughts, fatigue, and presenteeism. For survivors with highly meaningful jobs, they did not need to rely on resilience to protect them from workplace psychological distress and other negative outcomes. Conclusion/Application to Practice: It is important for working cancer survivors to develop resilience, especially when they do not perceive their work as highly meaningful. Successful resilience-building interventions can buffer the negative impact of low job meaningfulness and help working survivors achieve better outcomes. In addition, organizations can actively help enrich survivors' jobs to increase perceived meaningfulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- California State University, San Bernardino
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Teasdale CA, Borrell LN, Shen Y, Kimball S, Zimba R, Kulkarni S, Rane M, Rinke ML, Fleary SA, Nash D. Missed routine pediatric care and vaccinations in US children during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Med 2022; 158:107025. [PMID: 35318030 PMCID: PMC8933962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased uptake of pediatric preventive care, including immunizations. We estimate the prevalence of missed pediatric routine medical visits and vaccinations over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 2074 US parents of children ≤12 years in March 2021 to measure the proportion of children who missed pediatric care and vaccinations over the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). All analyses were weighted to represent the target population. Overall, 41.3% (95%CI 38.3-43.8) of parents reported their youngest child missed a routine medical visit due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Missed care was more common among children ≥2 years compared to <2 years (aPR 1.82; 95%CI 1.47-2.26) and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites (aPR 1.31; 95%CI 1.14-1.51). A third of parents (33.1%; 95%CI 30.7-35.5) reported their child had missed a vaccination. Compared to the 2019-20 flu season, pediatric influenza vaccination decreased in 2020-21 (51.3% vs. 62.2%; p < 0.0001). A high proportion of US children ≤12 years missed routine pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Catch-up efforts are needed to ensure continuity of preventive care for all children.
Collapse
Key Words
- aapor, american association for public opinion research
- ci, confidence interval
- cuny, city university of new york
- iqr, interquartile range
- mmr, measles-mumps-rubella
- nh, non-hispanic
- pr, prevalence ratio
- strobe, strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology
- us, united states
- usd, us dollars
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Teasdale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (SPH), New York, NY, USA; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (SPH), New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanhan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (SPH), New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Zimba
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (SPH), New York, NY, USA; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhura Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Rinke
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sasha A Fleary
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA; Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY SPH, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (SPH), New York, NY, USA; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cooks EJ, Duke KA, Neil JM, Vilaro MJ, Wilson-Howard D, Modave F, George TJ, Odedina FT, Lok BC, Carek P, Laber EB, Davidian M, Krieger JL. Telehealth and racial disparities in colorectal cancer screening: A pilot study of how virtual clinician characteristics influence screening intentions. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e48. [PMID: 35619640 PMCID: PMC9108377 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Racial disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) can be addressed through increased adherence to screening guidelines. In real-life encounters, patients may be more willing to follow screening recommendations delivered by a race concordant clinician. The growth of telehealth to deliver care provides an opportunity to explore whether these effects translate to a virtual setting. The primary purpose of this pilot study is to explore the relationships between virtual clinician (VC) characteristics and CRC screening intentions after engagement with a telehealth intervention leveraging technology to deliver tailored CRC prevention messaging. Methods Using a posttest-only design with three factors (VC race-matching, VC gender, intervention type), participants (N = 2267) were randomised to one of eight intervention treatments. Participants self-reported perceptions and behavioral intentions. Results The benefits of matching participants with a racially similar VC trended positive but did not reach statistical significance. Specifically, race-matching positively influenced screening intentions for Black participants but not for Whites (b = 0.29, p = 0.10). Importantly, perceptions of credibility, attractiveness, and message relevance significantly influenced screening intentions and the relationship with race-matching. Conclusions To reduce racial CRC screening disparities, investments are needed to identify patient-focused interventions to address structural barriers to screening. This study suggests that telehealth interventions that match Black patients with a Black VC can enhance perceptions of credibility and message relevance, which may then improve screening intentions. Future research is needed to examine how to increase VC credibility and attractiveness, as well as message relevance without race-matching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Cooks
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle A. Duke
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jordan M. Neil
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melissa J. Vilaro
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Francois Modave
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Folakemi T. Odedina
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Lok
- Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Carek
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric B. Laber
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marie Davidian
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Janice L. Krieger
- STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Park J, Lee EJ, Chun J, Roberts K. Asian Americans’ Perceived Knowledge of State Vocational Rehabilitation Services for People With Mental Illness. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221087169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the significant role of employment on independent living and well-being among individuals with disabilities, such as those with mental illness, it is important to examine the experiences of racially and ethnically diverse cultural groups, including Asian Americans. However, little research focus has been made toward Asian Americans with disabilities in the rehabilitation counseling field. This study examined knowledge of state vocational rehabilitation (VR) services and the perceived importance and likeliness of receiving VR services in a sample of 315 Asian Americans. Survey questions were developed to ask participants’ perceived importance of receiving various VR services provided within state VR agencies and the likeliness of receiving or recommending each service if they or their family members had a mental illness. The results showed that most participants were not familiar with state VR services. Although slightly different patterns were identified in the participants’ importance and likeliness ratings, the top important and preferable service was diagnosis and treatment. The information gathered in this study has important implications for crafting culturally sensitive and effective outreach and marketing strategies in Asian American communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jina Chun
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smiley KT, Clay LA, Ross AD, Chen YA. Multi-scalar and multi-dimensional conceptions of social capital and mental health impacts after disaster: the case of Hurricane Harvey. DISASTERS 2022; 46:473-498. [PMID: 33432691 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While much research investigates how social capital relates to mental health after disasters, less work employs a multi-scalar, multi-dimensional social capital framework. This study applies such a construct to an analysis of novel survey data of approximately 1,000 rural and urban Texans after Hurricane Harvey struck the United States in August 2017. On the individual level, it finds that greater social support is linked to fewer mental health impacts, but that greater civic and organisational engagement is connected to greater mental health impacts. At the community level, it finds that neither a density of bridging social capital organisations nor of bonding social capital organisations is associated with poorer mental health, although a greater number of bonding organisations is related to negative mental health impacts on rural residents. The paper concludes by focusing on how individual and community social capital relationships with mental health are contingent on measurement, scale, and rural or urban location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Smiley
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, United States
| | - Lauren A Clay
- Associate Professor and Department Chair at University of Maryland-Baltimore County and Affiliated Faculty at New York University, United States
| | - Ashley D Ross
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, United States
| | - Yu-An Chen
- PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) candidate in the Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hanson BL, Finley K, Otto J, Ward NJ. Role of Trusted Sources and Behavioral Beliefs in Promoting Mitigation Behaviors: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint). JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e37454. [PMID: 35830238 PMCID: PMC9285667 DOI: 10.2196/37454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Hanson
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Kari Finley
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Jay Otto
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Nicholas J Ward
- Center for Health and Safety Culture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steel CMS, Newman E, O'Rourke S, Quayle E. Public Perceptions of Child Pornography and Child Pornography Consumers. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1173-1185. [PMID: 34993717 PMCID: PMC8735730 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the public's perceptions of child pornography helps identify gaps in awareness and knowledge, impacts legislative decision making, quantifies stigmatization, and provides a baseline for identifying differences between lay and offender populations for clinical purposes. This research provides a comprehensive public survey assessing these issues. An Internet-based sample of 524 adults (mean age = 47 years, 51% female) within the USA were asked about their understanding and beliefs related to child pornography and individuals who view child pornography. The questions covered three topic areas-general perceptions of child pornography, endorsement of child pornography beliefs, and opinions related to the legality of various forms of child pornography as well as the decision making related to sentencing and sex offender registration for child pornography consumers. The research found that the public viewed these offenses as more severe than most other crimes and that there was an overestimation by the public of risks related to recidivism and contact offending. Additionally, the research found that there was support for most of the current sentencing guidelines in the USA, including sex offender registration, and that there was limited support for treatment over incarceration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M S Steel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Emily Newman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Suzanne O'Rourke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Ethel Quayle
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee Y, Tao W, Queenie Li JY. Motivations of online and offline activism against racism and xenophobia among Asian-American publics during the COVID-19 pandemic. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2021.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
49
|
Lewis EC, Colón-Ramos U, Gittelsohn J, Clay L. Food-Seeking Behaviors and Food Insecurity Risk During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:159-171. [PMID: 34176738 PMCID: PMC8719052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insecurity risk increases among disaster-struck individuals. The authors employed the social determinants of health framework to (1) describe the characteristics and food-seeking behaviors of individuals coping with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and (2) evaluate the relationship between these factors and food insecurity risk. DESIGN A cross-sectional Qualtrics survey was administered May 14-June 8, 2020. PARTICIPANTS Adults living in New York were recruited online (n = 410). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Food insecurity risk. ANALYSIS Logistic regression analyses were conducted using a model-building approach. RESULTS A total of 38.5% of the sample was considered food insecure after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The final model revealed that not knowing where to find help to acquire food, reporting that more food assistance program benefits would be helpful, being an essential worker, having general anxiety, and being a college student were risk factors for food insecurity regardless of demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS With more individuals experiencing food insecurity for the first time, there is a need for enhanced outreach and support. The findings complement emerging research on food insecurity risk during and after the pandemic and can help to inform food assistance programs and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Lewis
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health and Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren Clay
- Department of Health Administration and Public Health, School of Health Professions, D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Teasdale CA, Borrell LN, Shen Y, Kimball S, Rinke ML, Rane MS, Kulkarni S, Fleary SA, Nash D. COVID-19 Testing Among US Children, Parental Preferences for Testing Venues, and Acceptability of School-Based Testing. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:362-369. [PMID: 35023416 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211065518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Testing remains critical for identifying pediatric cases of COVID-19 and as a public health intervention to contain infections. We surveyed US parents to measure the proportion of children tested for COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic, preferred testing venues for children, and acceptability of school-based COVID-19 testing. METHODS We conducted an online survey of 2074 US parents of children aged ≤12 years in March 2021. We applied survey weights to generate national estimates, and we used Rao-Scott adjusted Pearson χ2 tests to compare incidence by selected sociodemographic characteristics. We used Poisson regression models with robust SEs to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of pediatric testing. RESULTS Among US parents, 35.9% reported their youngest child had ever been tested for COVID-19. Parents who were female versus male (aRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79), Asian versus non-Hispanic White (aRR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87), and from the Midwest versus the Northeast (aRR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91) were less likely to report testing of a child. Children who had health insurance versus no health insurance (aRR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.81), were attending in-person school/daycare versus not attending (aRR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.43-1.95), and were from households with annual household income ≥$100 000 versus income <$50 000-$99 999 (aRR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40) were more likely to have tested for COVID-19. Half of parents (52.7%) reported the pediatrician's office as the most preferred testing venue, and 50.6% said they would allow their youngest child to be tested for COVID-19 at school/daycare if required. CONCLUSIONS Greater efforts are needed to ensure access to COVID-19 testing for US children, including those without health insurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Teasdale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanhan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael L Rinke
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Madhura S Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Kulkarni
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sasha A Fleary
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|