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Mu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Ma L, Wang DA. Applications of nanotechnology in remodeling the tumour microenvironment for glioblastoma treatment. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4045-4064. [PMID: 38993162 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing research and deepening understanding of the glioblastoma (GBM) tumour microenvironment (TME), novel and more effective therapeutic strategies have been proposed. The GBM TME involves intricate interactions between tumour and non-tumour cells, promoting tumour progression. Key therapeutic goals for GBM treatment include improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumours, and inhibiting tumour growth and proliferation. Consequently, remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery enables targeted delivery, thereby improving treatment specificity, facilitating combination therapies, and optimizing drug metabolism. This review provides an overview of the GBM TME and discusses the methods of remodeling the GBM TME using nanotechnology. Specifically, it explores the application of nanotechnology in ameliorating immune cell immunosuppression, inducing immunogenic cell death, stimulating, and recruiting immune cells, regulating tumour metabolism, and modulating the crosstalk between tumours and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Huiqun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
- Centre for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, InnoHK, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Okano S. Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer: Fundamentals and therapeutic development. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:684-695. [PMID: 38729034 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has been treated by multidisciplinary therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and cancer chemotherapy, but the recent advent of immunotherapy has produced significant changes in treatment systems and the results of these therapies. Immunotherapy has greatly improved the outcome of recurrent metastatic SCCHN, and the development of new treatment methods based on immunotherapy is now being applied not only to recurrent metastatic cases but also to locally advanced cases. To understand and practice cancer immunotherapy, it is important to understand the immune environment surrounding cancer, and the changes to which it is subject. Currently, the anti-PD-1 antibody drugs nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the only immunotherapies with proven efficacy in head and neck cancer. However, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody drugs have also been shown to be useful in other types of cancer and are being incorporated into clinical practice. In head and neck cancer, numerous clinical trials have aimed to improve efficacy and safety by combining immunotherapy with other drug therapies and treatment modalities. Combinations of immunotherapy with cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action (cytotoxic agents, molecular-targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors), as well as with radiation therapy and surgery are being investigated, and have the potential to significantly change medical care for these patients. The application of cancer immunotherapy not only to daily clinical practice but also to further therapeutic development requires a clear and complete understanding of the fundamentals of cancer immunotherapy, and knowledge of the numerous clinical studies conducted, both past and present. The results of these trials are numerous, both positive and negative, and a comprehensive understanding of this wide range of completed and ongoing clinical trials is critical to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of their scope and lessons learnt. In this article, after outlining the concepts of ``cancer immune cycle,'' ``cancer immune editing,'' and ``tumor microenvironment'' to provide an understanding of the basics of cancer immunity, we summarize the basics and clinical trial data on representative immune checkpoint inhibitors used in various cancer types, as well as recent therapeutic developments in cancer immunotherapy and the current status of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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Lara PN, Villanueva L, Ibanez C, Erman M, Lee JL, Heinrich D, Lipatov ON, Gedye C, Gokmen E, Acevedo A, Semenov A, Park SH, Gafanov RA, Kose F, Jones M, Du X, Munteanu M, Perini R, Choueiri TK, Motzer RJ. A randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial of pembrolizumab plus epacadostat versus sunitinib or pazopanib as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-679/ECHO-302). BMC Cancer 2024; 23:1253. [PMID: 39054430 PMCID: PMC11270760 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy-based combinations have emerged as standard therapies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, combined with epacadostat, an indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase 1 selective inhibitor, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in a phase 1 study in advanced solid tumors, including mRCC. METHODS KEYNOTE-679/ECHO-302 was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, phase 3 study (NCT03260894) that compared pembrolizumab plus epacadostat with sunitinib or pazopanib as first-line treatment for mRCC. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic clear cell RCC and had not received systemic therapy. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks plus epacadostat 100 mg orally twice daily versus sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily (4 weeks on treatment followed by 2 weeks off treatment) or pazopanib 800 mg orally once daily. Original dual primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. Enrollment was stopped when a phase 3 study in melanoma of pembrolizumab plus epacadostat compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy did not meet its primary end point. This protocol was amended, and primary end point was changed to investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. RESULTS One-hundred-twenty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive pembrolizumab plus epacadostat (n = 64) or sunitinib/pazopanib (n = 65). Median (range) follow-up, defined as time from randomization to data cutoff, was 10.3 months (2.2-14.3) and 10.3 months (2.7-13.8) in the pembrolizumab plus epacadostat and sunitinib/pazopanib arms, respectively. ORRs were similar between pembrolizumab plus epacadostat (31.3% [95% CI 20.2-44.1] and sunitinib/pazopanib (29.2% [18.6-41.8]). Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 34.4% and 42.9% of patients in the pembrolizumab plus epacadostat and sunitinib/pazopanib arms, respectively. One patient in the sunitinib/pazopanib arm died of septic shock (not treatment-related). Circulating kynurenine levels decreased in the pembrolizumab plus epacadostat arm, but not to levels observed in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS ORRs were similar between pembrolizumab plus epacadostat and sunitinib/pazopanib as first-line treatment in patients with mRCC. Safety and tolerability appeared similar between treatment arms; no new safety concerns were identified. Antitumor responses observed in patients with RCC receiving pembrolizumab plus epacadostat may be driven primarily by pembrolizumab. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03260894 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, 4501 X Street, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Luis Villanueva
- Oncology Department, Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Ibanez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mustafa Erman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Daniel Heinrich
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Innlandet Hospital Gjøvik, Gjøvik, Norway
| | | | - Craig Gedye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Erhan Gokmen
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Se Hoon Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Fatih Kose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Motzer
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Xing Z, Li X, He ZNT, Fang X, Liang H, Kuang C, Li A, Yang Q. IDO1 Inhibitor RY103 Suppresses Trp-GCN2-Mediated Angiogenesis and Counters Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:870. [PMID: 39065567 PMCID: PMC11279595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by strong immunosuppression and excessive angiogenesis. Based on existing reports, it can be speculated that the resistance to anti-angiogenic drug vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) antibody correlates to the induction of novel immune checkpoint indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), while IDO1 has also been suggested to be related to tumor angiogenesis. Herein, we aim to clarify the potential role of IDO1 in glioma angiogenesis and the mechanism behind it. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the expressions of IDO1 and angiogenesis markers VEGFA and CD34 were positively correlated and increased with pathological grade in glioma. IDO1-overexpression-derived-tryptophan depletion activated the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway and upregulated VEGFA in glioma cells. The tube formation ability of angiogenesis model cells could be inhibited by IDO1 inhibitors and influenced by the activity and expression of IDO1 in condition medium. A significant increase in serum VEGFA concentration and tumor CD34 expression was observed in IDO1-overexpressing GL261 subcutaneous glioma-bearing mice. IDO1 inhibitor RY103 showed positive anti-tumor efficacy, including the anti-angiogenesis effect and upregulation of natural killer cells in GL261 glioma-bearing mice. As expected, the combination of RY103 and anti-angiogenesis agent sunitinib was proved to be a better therapeutic strategy than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Xuewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhen Ning Tony He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.X.); (X.L.); (Z.N.T.H.); (X.F.); (H.L.)
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5
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Wang AZ, Mashimo BL, Schaettler MO, Sherpa ND, Leavitt LA, Livingstone AJ, Khan SM, Li M, Anzaldua-Campos MI, Bradley JD, Leuthardt EC, Kim AH, Dowling JL, Chicoine MR, Jones PS, Choi BD, Cahill DP, Carter BS, Petti AA, Johanns TM, Dunn GP. Glioblastoma-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Are Predominantly a Clonally Expanded GZMK+ Effector Population. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1106-1131. [PMID: 38416133 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have highlighted the limited efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To better understand the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in GBM, we performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing with paired V(D)J sequencing, respectively, on TILs from two cohorts of patients totaling 15 patients with high-grade glioma, including GBM or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4 (G4A). Analysis of the CD8+ TIL landscape reveals an enrichment of clonally expanded GZMK+ effector T cells in the tumor compared with matched blood, which was validated at the protein level. Furthermore, integration with other cancer types highlights the lack of a canonically exhausted CD8+ T-cell population in GBM TIL. These data suggest that GZMK+ effector T cells represent an important T-cell subset within the GBM microenvironment and may harbor potential therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE To understand the limited efficacy of immune-checkpoint blockade in GBM, we applied a multiomics approach to understand the TIL landscape. By highlighting the enrichment of GZMK+ effector T cells and the lack of exhausted T cells, we provide a new potential mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy in GBM. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Z Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryce L Mashimo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maximilian O Schaettler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ngima D Sherpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lydia A Leavitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexandra J Livingstone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saad M Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markus I Anzaldua-Campos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph D Bradley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua L Dowling
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael R Chicoine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanner M Johanns
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Center, Washington University School of Medicine/Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brain Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fan L, You H, Jiang X, Niu Y, Chen Z, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhou P, Wei L, Jiang T, Deng D, Xue L, Peng Y, Xing W, Shao N. UCHL3 induces radiation resistance and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes by deubiquitinating POLD4 in glioma stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:247. [PMID: 38829550 PMCID: PMC11149539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high degree of intratumoral genomic heterogeneity is a major obstacle for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors, one of the most lethal human malignancies, and is thought to influence conventional therapeutic outcomes negatively. The proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) of glioma stem cells (GSCs) confers resistance to radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. POLD4 is associated with cancer progression, while the mechanisms underlying PMT and tumor radiation resistance have remained elusive. METHOD Expression and prognosis of the POLD family were analyzed in TCGA, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and GEO datasets. Tumorsphere formation and in vitro limiting dilution assay were performed to investigate the effect of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC self-renewal. Apoptosis, TUNEL, cell cycle phase distribution, modification of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet), γ-H2AX immunofluorescence, and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the influence of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC in ionizing radiation. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays were performed to identify POLD4 protein interactors. In vivo, intracranial xenograft mouse models were used to investigate the molecular effect of UCHL3, POLD4 or TCID on GCS. RESULT We determined that POLD4 was considerably upregulated in MES-GSCs and was associated with a meagre prognosis. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3), a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family, is a bona fide deubiquitinase of POLD4 in GSCs. UCHL3 interacted with, depolyubiquitinated, and stabilized POLD4. Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that targeted depletion of the UCHL3-POLD4 axis reduced GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity and resistance to IR treatment by impairing homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Additionally, we proved that the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced POLD4 degradation and can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of IR in a gsc-derived in situ xenograft model. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a new signaling axis for GSC PMT regulation and highlight UCHL3-POLD4 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM. TCID, targeted for reducing the deubiquitinase activity of UCHL3, exhibited significant synergy against MES GSCs in combination with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongtao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixuan Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Danni Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang YW, Pang X, Yang Y. Hydrogels containing KYNA promote angiogenesis and inhibit inflammation to improve the survival rate of multi-territory perforator flaps. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116454. [PMID: 38640710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new spray adhesive (KYNA-PF127) was established through the combination of thermosensitive hydrogel (Pluronic F127) and KYNA, aimed to investigate the effect of KYNA-PF127 on multi-territory perforator flaps and its possible molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 SD male rats with 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12): control group, blank glue group and KYNA-PF127 group. KYNA-PF127 hydrogel was prepared and characterized for its morphology and properties using scanning electron microscopy. CCK-8 assay, scratch wound assay, transwell assay, tube formation assay and Ki67 staining were used to study the effect of KYNA-PF127 on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs. VEGF and FGF2 were measured by qPCR to evaluate the angiogenesis capacity of HUVECs in vitro. In vivo, the effect of each group on the survival area of the cross-zone perforator flap was evaluated, and angiogenesis was evaluated by HE and immunofluorescence (CD31 and MMP-9). The effect of inflammation on skin collagen fibers was assessed by Masson. Immunohistochemistry (SOD1, IL-1β, TNF-α) was used to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors on multi-territory flaps. RESULTS KYNA-PF127 has good sustained release and biocompatibility at 25% concentration. KYNA-PF127 promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro. In vivo, the survival area of multi-territory perforator flaps and angiogenic capability have increased after KYNA-PF127 intervention. KYNA-PF127 could effectively reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation of multi-territory perforator flaps. CONCLUSION KYNA-PF127 promotes angiogenesis through its antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects, and shows potential clinical value in promoting the survival viability and drug delivery of multi-territory perforator flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Qin L, Li H, Zheng D, Lin S, Ren X. Glioblastoma patients' survival and its relevant risk factors during the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic: real-world cohort study in the USA and China. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2939-2949. [PMID: 38376848 PMCID: PMC11093471 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted potential impact on patients with glioblastomas (GBMs), it remains unclear whether the survival and its related risk factors of GBM patients would be altered or not during the period spanning from pre-COVID-19 to post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This study aimed to clarify the important issues above. METHODS Two observational cohorts were utilized, including the nationwide American cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) and the Chinese glioblastoma cohort (CGC) at our institution during 2018-2020. Demographics, tumour features, treatment regimens and clinical outcomes were collected. Cox regression model, competing risk model, and subgroup and sensitivity analysis were used to dynamically estimate the survival and its relevant risk factors over different diagnosis years from the pre-COVID-19 (2018 and 2019) to post-COVID-19 (2020) pandemic. Causal mediation analysis was further adopted to explore the potential relationship between risk factors and mortality. RESULTS This study included 11321 GBM cases in SEER and 226 GBM patients in CGC, respectively. Instead of the diagnostic years of 2018-2020, the prognostic risk factors, such as advanced age, bilateral tumour and absence of comprehensive therapy (surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy), were identified to persistently affect GBM survival independently during the period from 2018 to 2020 in the SEER cohort (all P < 0.05). In CGC, lack of comprehensive therapy for GBM patients were restated as survival risk factors during the same timeframe. Causal mediation analysis showed that the effect of comprehensive therapy on all-cause mortality played a determinant role (direct effect value -0.227, 95% CI -0.248 to -0.207), which was partially mediated by age (9.11%) rather than tumour laterality. CONCLUSIONS As the timeframe shifted from pre-COVID-19 to post-COVID-19 pandemic, survival of GBM patients remained stable, yet advanced age, bilateral tumours, and passive treatment continuingly impacted GBM survival. It is necessary to optimize the comprehensive treatment for GBM patients even in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Haoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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10
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Yang Z, Sun L, Chen H, Sun C, Xia L. New progress in the treatment of diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M alteration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24877. [PMID: 38312649 PMCID: PMC10835306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma with H3K27 M alteration is a primary malignant tumor located along the linear structure of the brain, predominantly manifesting in children and adolescents. The mortality rate is exceptionally high, with a mere 1 % 5-year survival rate for newly diagnosed patients. Beyond conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, novel approaches are imperative to enhance patient prognosis. This article comprehensively reviews current innovative treatment modalities and provides updates on the latest research advancements in preclinical studies and clinical trials focusing on H3K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma. The goal is to contribute positively to clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, 325035, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, 325035, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, 325035, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Caixing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, 325035, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, 325035, Zhejiang province, China
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11
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Cheng H, Zheng Y. Advances in macrophage and T cell metabolic reprogramming and immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16825. [PMID: 38239299 PMCID: PMC10795528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, TME is also characterized by metabolic reprogramming, which may affect macrophage and metabolic activity of T cells and promote tumor escape. Immunotherapy is an approach to fight tumors by stimulating the immune system in the host, but requires support and modulation of cellular metabolism. In this process, the metabolic roles of macrophages and T cells become increasingly important, and their metabolic status and interactions play a critical role in the success of immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the metabolic state of T cells and macrophages in the TME and the impact of metabolic reprogramming on tumor therapy will help optimize subsequent immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Chen F, Zhao D, Huang Y, Wen X, Feng S. Synergetic impact of combined navoximod with cisplatin mitigates chemo-immune resistance via blockading IDO1 + CAFs-secreted Kyn/AhR/IL-6 and pol ζ-prevented CIN in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 335:122239. [PMID: 37944638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent aggressive form of HNSC and treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as initial therapy. However, the development of acquired resistance and neurotoxicity to platinum agents poses a significant challenge to treat locally advanced OSCC. Notably, IDO1+ CAFs could promote immunosuppressive TME for OSCC progression. Therefore, we developed a potent IDO1 inhibitor navoximod to overcome chemo-immune resistance via an antitumor immune effect synergized with cisplatin in SCC-9 co-cultured IDO1+/IDO1- CAFs and SCC-7/IDO1+ CAFs-inoculated mice. The in vitro biological assays on IDO1+ CAFs co-cultured OSCC cancer cells supported that combined navoximod with cisplatin could mitigate chemo-immune resistance through blockading IDO1+ CAFs-secreted kynurenine (Kyn)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-IL-6 via suppressing p-STAT3/NF-κB signals and ceasing AhR-induced loss of pol ζ-caused chromosomal instability (CIN). Moreover, the combination elicited antitumor immunity via reducing IDO1+ CAFs-secreted Kyn/AhR and conferring pol ζ in SCC-7/IDO1+ CAFs-inoculated BALB/c mice. Meanwhile, the combination could block cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and not interfere with chemotherapy. Taken together, the study investigated the promising therapeutic potential of combined navoximod with cisplatin to mitigate tumoral immune resistance via alleviating IDO1+ CAFs-secreted immune-suppression and CIN-caused cisplatin resistance, providing a paradigm for combined chemo-immunotherapy to prolong survival in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Deming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Shicheng Feng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China; Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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13
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Nasir I, McGuinness C, Poh AR, Ernst M, Darcy PK, Britt KL. Tumor macrophage functional heterogeneity can inform the development of novel cancer therapies. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:971-985. [PMID: 37995659 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are largely associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of macrophages has historically focused on inhibiting their recruitment or reprogramming their phenotype from a protumor (M2-like) to an antitumor (M1-like) one. Unfortunately, this approach has not provided clinical breakthroughs that have changed practice. Emerging studies utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics have improved our understanding of the ontogeny, phenotype, and functional plasticity of macrophages. Overlaying the wealth of current information regarding macrophage molecular subtypes and functions has also identified novel therapeutic vulnerabilities that might drive better control of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Here, we discuss the functional profiling of macrophages and provide an update of novel macrophage-targeted therapies in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Nasir
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Conor McGuinness
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cancer Immunology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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14
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Johnson M, Bell A, Lauing KL, Ladomersky E, Zhai L, Penco-Campillo M, Shah Y, Mauer E, Xiu J, Nicolaides T, Drumm M, McCortney K, Elemento O, Kim M, Bommi P, Low JT, Memon R, Wu J, Zhao J, Mi X, Glantz MJ, Sengupta S, Castro B, Yamini B, Horbinski C, Baker DJ, Walunas TL, Schiltz GE, Lukas RV, Wainwright DA. Advanced Age in Humans and Mouse Models of Glioblastoma Show Decreased Survival from Extratumoral Influence. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4973-4989. [PMID: 37725593 PMCID: PMC10690140 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a median age of onset of 68 to 70 years old. Although advanced age is often associated with poorer GBM patient survival, the predominant source(s) of maladaptive aging effects remains to be established. Here, we studied intratumoral and extratumoral relationships between adult patients with GBM and mice with brain tumors across the lifespan. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Electronic health records at Northwestern Medicine and the NCI SEER databases were evaluated for GBM patient age and overall survival. The commercial Tempus and Caris databases, as well as The Cancer Genome Atlas were profiled for gene expression, DNA methylation, and mutational changes with varying GBM patient age. In addition, gene expression analysis was performed on the extratumoral brain of younger and older adult mice with or without a brain tumor. The survival of young and old wild-type or transgenic (INK-ATTAC) mice with a brain tumor was evaluated after treatment with or without senolytics and/or immunotherapy. RESULTS Human patients with GBM ≥65 years of age had a significantly decreased survival compared with their younger counterparts. While the intra-GBM molecular profiles were similar between younger and older patients with GBM, non-tumor brain tissue had a significantly different gene expression profile between young and old mice with a brain tumor and the eradication of senescent cells improved immunotherapy-dependent survival of old but not young mice. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests a potential benefit for combining senolytics with immunotherapy in older patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - April Bell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Kristen L. Lauing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Manon Penco-Campillo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yajas Shah
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Michael Drumm
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Prashant Bommi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Justin T. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ruba Memon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xinlei Mi
- Department of Preventive Medicine-Division of Biostatistics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael J. Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and the Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Theresa L. Walunas
- Department of Medicine-Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Surgery at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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15
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Karapetyan L, Iheagwara UK, Olson AC, Chmura SJ, Skinner HK, Luke JJ. Radiation dose, schedule, and novel systemic targets for radio-immunotherapy combinations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1278-1293. [PMID: 37348864 PMCID: PMC10637035 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy combinations are being investigated to expand the benefit of immune checkpoint blockade across many cancer types. Radiation combinations, in particular using stereotactic body radiotherapy, are of keen interest because of underlying mechanistic rationale, safety, and availability as a standard of care in certain cancers. In addition to direct tumor cytotoxicity, radiation therapy has immunomodulatory effects such as induction of immunogenic cell death, enhancement of antigen presentation, and expansion of the T-cell receptor repertoire as well as recruitment and increased activity of tumor-specific effector CD8+ cells. Combinations of radiation with cytokines and/or chemokines and anti-programmed death 1 and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapies have demonstrated safety and feasibility, as well as the potential to improve long-term outcomes and possibly induce out of irradiated field or abscopal responses. Novel immunoradiotherapy combinations represent a promising therapeutic approach to overcome radioresistance and further enhance systemic immunotherapy. Potential benefits include reversing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and reversing M2 macrophage polarization as well as decreasing levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β. Here, we discuss current data and mechanistic rationale for combining novel immunotherapy agents with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Uzoma K Iheagwara
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heath K Skinner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Yokosawa T, Wakasugi K. Tryptophan-Starved Human Cells Overexpressing Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase Enhance High-Affinity Tryptophan Uptake via Enzymatic Production of Tryptophanyl-AMP. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15453. [PMID: 37895133 PMCID: PMC10607379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that L-tryptophan (Trp)-depleted cells display a marked enhancement in Trp uptake facilitated by extracellular tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS). Here, we show that Trp uptake into TrpRS-overexpressing cells is also markedly elevated upon Trp starvation. These findings indicate that a Trp-deficient condition is critical for Trp uptake, not only into cells to which TrpRS protein has been added but also into TrpRS-overexpressing cells. We also show that overexpression of TrpRS mutants, which cannot synthesize tryptophanyl-AMP, does not promote Trp uptake, and that inhibition of tryptophanyl-AMP synthesis suppresses this uptake. Overall, these data suggest that tryptophanyl-AMP production by TrpRS is critical for high-affinity Trp uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokosawa
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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17
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Khodadadi H, Salles ÉL, Alptekin A, Mehrabian D, Rutkowski M, Arbab AS, Yeudall WA, Yu JC, Morgan JC, Hess DC, Vaibhav K, Dhandapani KM, Baban B. Inhalant Cannabidiol Inhibits Glioblastoma Progression Through Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:824-834. [PMID: 34918964 PMCID: PMC10589502 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common invasive brain tumor composed of diverse cell types with poor prognosis. The highly complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with tumor cells play important roles in the development, progression, and durability of GBM. Angiogenic and immune factors are two major components of TME of GBM; their interplay is a major determinant of tumor vascularization, immune profile, as well as immune unresponsiveness of GBM. Given the ineffectiveness of current standard therapies (surgery, radiotherapy, and concomitant chemotherapy) in managing patients with GBM, it is necessary to develop new ways of treating these lethal brain tumors. Targeting TME, altering tumor ecosystem may be a viable therapeutic strategy with beneficial effects for patients in their fight against GBM. Materials and Methods: Given the potential therapeutic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in a wide spectrum of diseases, including malignancies, we tested, for the first time, whether inhalant CBD can inhibit GBM tumor growth using a well-established orthotopic murine model. Optical imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry were employed to describe the outcomes such as tumor progression, cancer cell signaling pathways, and the TME. Results: Our findings showed that inhalation of CBD was able to not only limit the tumor growth but also to alter the dynamics of TME by repressing P-selectin, apelin, and interleukin (IL)-8, as well as blocking a key immune checkpoint-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). In addition, CBD enhanced the cluster of differentiation (CD) 103 expression, indicating improved antigen presentation, promoted CD8 immune responses, and reduced innate Lymphoid Cells within the tumor. Conclusion: Overall, our novel findings support the possible therapeutic role of inhaled CBD as an effective, relatively safe, and easy to administer treatment adjunct for GBM with significant impacts on the cellular and molecular signaling of TME, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Mehrabian
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Martin Rutkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ali S. Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jack C. Yu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - John C. Morgan
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Movement Disorders, Program, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David C. Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishnan M. Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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18
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She L, Mao X, Su L, Liu Z. Prognostic evaluation of patients with glioblastoma using a new score prediction model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106902. [PMID: 37076410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide reportage of prognostic factors for glioblastoma (GBM), it is difficult to determine how these factors interact to affect patients' survival. To determine the combination of prognostic factors, we retrospectively analyzed the clinic data of 248 IDH wild-type GBM patients and built a novel prediction model. The survival variables of patients were identified via univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, the score prediction models were constructed by combining classification and regression tree (CART) analysis with Cox regression analysis. Finally, the prediction model was internally validated using the bootstrap method. Patients were followed for a median of 34.4 (interquartile range, 26.1-46.0) months. Multivariate analysis identified gross total resection (GTR) (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38-0.67), unopened ventricles (HR 0.75 [0.57-0.99]), and MGMT methylation (HR 0.56 [0.41-0.76]) as favorable independent prognostic factors for PFS. GTR (HR 0.67 [0.49-0.92]), unopened ventricles (HR 0.60 [0.44-0.82]), and MGMT methylation (HR 0.54 [0.38-0.76]) were favorable independent prognostic factors for OS. In the process of building the model, we incorporated GTR, ventricular opening, MGMT methylation status, and age. The model had six and five terminal nodules in PFS and OS respectively. We grouped terminal nodes with similar hazard ratios together to form three sub-groups with different PFS and OS (P < 0.001). After the internal verification of bootstrap method, the model had a good fitting and calibration. GTR, unopened ventricles, and MGMT methylation were independently associated with more satisfactory survival. The novel score prediction model which we construct can provide a prognostic reference for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei She
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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19
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Lizcano-Meneses S, Hernández-Pando R, García-Aguirre I, Bonilla-Delgado J, Alvarado-Castro VM, Cisneros B, Gariglio P, Cortés-Malagón EM. Combined Inhibition of Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Exerts Antitumor Effects in a Preclinical Model of Cervical Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2280. [PMID: 37626777 PMCID: PMC10452145 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a public health problem diagnosed in advanced stages, and its main risk factor is persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Today, it is necessary to study new treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy, that use different targets of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, the K14E7E2 mouse was used as a cervical cancer model to evaluate the inhibition of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR-2) as potential anti-tumor targets. DL-1MT and SB225002 were administered for 30 days in two regimens (R1 and R2) based on combination and single therapy approaches to inhibit IDO-1 and CXCR-2, respectively. Subsequently, the reproductive tracts were resected and analyzed to determine the tumor areas, and IHCs were performed to assess proliferation, apoptosis, and CD8 cellular infiltration. Our results revealed that combined inhibition of IDO-1 and CXCR-2 significantly reduces the areas of cervical tumors (from 196.0 mm2 to 58.24 mm2 in R1 and 149.6 mm2 to 52.65 mm2 in R2), accompanied by regions of moderate dysplasia, decreased papillae, and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, the proliferation diminished, and apoptosis and intra-tumoral CD8 T cells increased. In conclusion, the combined inhibition of IDO-1 and CXCR-2 is helpful in the antitumor response against preclinical cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solangy Lizcano-Meneses
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-M.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Toluca 50110, Mexico
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | | | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-M.)
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-M.)
| | - Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
- Research Division, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
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20
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de Ruiter Swain J, Michalopoulou E, Noch EK, Lukey MJ, Van Aelst L. Metabolic partitioning in the brain and its hijacking by glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2023; 37:681-702. [PMID: 37648371 PMCID: PMC10546978 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350693.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The different cell types in the brain have highly specialized roles with unique metabolic requirements. Normal brain function requires the coordinated partitioning of metabolic pathways between these cells, such as in the neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycle. An emerging theme in glioblastoma (GBM) biology is that malignant cells integrate into or "hijack" brain metabolism, co-opting neurons and glia for the supply of nutrients and recycling of waste products. Moreover, GBM cells communicate via signaling metabolites in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and induce immune suppression. Recent findings in this field point toward new therapeutic strategies to target the metabolic exchange processes that fuel tumorigenesis and suppress the anticancer immune response in GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the intercellular division of metabolic labor that occurs in both the normal brain and the GBM tumor microenvironment and then discuss the implications of these interactions for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed de Ruiter Swain
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | - Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
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21
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Ren AL, Wu JY, Lee SY, Lim M. Translational Models in Glioma Immunotherapy Research. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5704-5718. [PMID: 37366911 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic domain for the treatment of gliomas. However, clinical trials of various immunotherapeutic modalities have not yielded significant improvements in patient survival. Preclinical models for glioma research should faithfully represent clinically observed features regarding glioma behavior, mutational load, tumor interactions with stromal cells, and immunosuppressive mechanisms. In this review, we dive into the common preclinical models used in glioma immunology, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and highlight examples of their utilization in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Ren
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Janet Y Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Si Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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22
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Zdioruk M, Jimenez-Macias JL, Nowicki MO, Manz KE, Pennell KD, Koch MS, Finkelberg T, Wu B, Boucher P, Takeda Y, Li W, Piranlioglu R, Ling AL, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. PPRX-1701, a nanoparticle formulation of 6'-bromoindirubin acetoxime, improves delivery and shows efficacy in preclinical GBM models. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101019. [PMID: 37060903 PMCID: PMC10213750 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the Chinese traditional medicine indirubin have shown potential for the treatment of cancer through a range of mechanisms. This study investigates the impact of 6'-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime (BiA) on immunosuppressive mechanisms in glioblastoma (GBM) and evaluates the efficacy of a BiA nanoparticle formulation, PPRX-1701, in immunocompetent mouse GBM models. Transcriptomic studies reveal that BiA downregulates immune-related genes, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a critical enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Trp-Kyn-AhR) immunosuppressive pathway in tumor cells. BiA blocks interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced IDO1 protein expression in vitro and enhances T cell-mediated tumor cell killing in GBM stem-like cell co-culture models. PPRX-1701 reaches intracranial murine GBM and significantly improves survival in immunocompetent GBM models in vivo. Our results indicate that BiA improves survival in murine GBM models via effects on important immunotherapeutic targets in GBM and that it can be delivered efficiently via PPRX-1701, a nanoparticle injectable formulation of BiA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Zdioruk
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jorge-Luis Jimenez-Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michal Oskar Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marilin S Koch
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomer Finkelberg
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Phosphorex, Inc, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA; Cytodigm, Inc., Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | | | | | - Weiyi Li
- Phosphorex, Inc, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander L Ling
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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23
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Neth BJ, Webb MJ, Parney IF, Sener UT. The Current Status, Challenges, and Future Potential of Therapeutic Vaccination in Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041134. [PMID: 37111620 PMCID: PMC10141140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and confers a dismal prognosis. With only two FDA-approved therapeutics showing modest survival gains since 2005, there is a great need for the development of other disease-targeted therapies. Due, in part, to the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment seen in GBMs, there has been a broad interest in immunotherapy. In both GBMs and other cancers, therapeutic vaccines have generally yielded limited efficacy, despite their theoretical basis. However, recent results from the DCVax-L trial provide some promise for vaccine therapy in GBMs. There is also the potential that future combination therapies with vaccines and adjuvant immunomodulating agents may greatly enhance antitumor immune responses. Clinicians must remain open to novel therapeutic strategies, such as vaccinations, and carefully await the results of ongoing and future trials. In this review of GBM management, the promise and challenges of immunotherapy with a focus on therapeutic vaccinations are discussed. Additionally, adjuvant therapies, logistical considerations, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Neth
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mason J Webb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ugur T Sener
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032020. [PMID: 36768342 PMCID: PMC9917056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS neoplasms are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, and many therapies directed at primary brain tumors have proven unsuccessful despite their success in preclinical studies. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has emerged as a critical aspect of primary CNS neoplasms that may affect their malignancy, prognosis, and response to therapy across patients and tumor grades. This review covers the tumor microenvironment of various primary CNS neoplasms, with a focus on glioblastoma and meningioma. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies based on elements of the tumor microenvironment, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immunotherapeutic vaccines, are discussed.
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25
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Heimberger AB, Lukas RV. The kynurenine pathway implicated in patient delirium: possible indications for indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase inhibitors. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:164577. [PMID: 36647830 PMCID: PMC9843043 DOI: 10.1172/jci164577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a central role in sleep, mood, and immune system regulation. The kynurenine pathway (KP), which is regulated by the enzymes tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which catalyze the conversion of Trp to kynurenine (Kyn), facilitates immune regulation and influences neurocognition. Notably, Kyn metabolites bind the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), essential for memory encoding, and in turn, cognition. Aberrant NMDAR activity through agonist binding influences excitability and cell death. In this issue of the JCI, Watne and authors demonstrate that KP pathway end products were elevated in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects with delirium. This observation provides insight regarding the basis of a variety of commonly observed clinical conditions including sundowning, abnormal sleep-wake cycles in hospitalized patients, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, radiation-induced cognitive impairment, neurocognitive symptomatology related to COVID-19, and clinical outcomes observed in patients with CNS tumors, such as gliomas.
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26
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Bowman-Kirigin JA, Desai R, Saunders BT, Wang AZ, Schaettler MO, Liu CJ, Livingstone AJ, Kobayashi DK, Durai V, Kretzer NM, Zipfel GJ, Leuthardt EC, Osbun JW, Chicoine MR, Kim AH, Murphy KM, Johanns TM, Zinselmeyer BH, Dunn GP. The Conventional Dendritic Cell 1 Subset Primes CD8+ T Cells and Traffics Tumor Antigen to Drive Antitumor Immunity in the Brain. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:20-37. [PMID: 36409838 PMCID: PMC10725570 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) antigen-presenting cell (APC) that primes antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses remains undefined. Elsewhere in the body, the conventional dendritic cell 1 (cDC1) performs this role. However, steady-state brain parenchyma cDC1 are extremely rare; cDCs localize to the choroid plexus and dura. Thus, whether the cDC1 play a function in presenting antigen derived from parenchymal sources in the tumor setting remains unknown. Using preclinical glioblastoma (GBM) models and cDC1-deficient mice, we explored the presently unknown role of cDC1 in CNS antitumor immunity. We determined that, in addition to infiltrating the brain tumor parenchyma itself, cDC1 prime neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells against brain tumors and mediate checkpoint blockade-induced survival benefit. We observed that cDC, including cDC1, isolated from the tumor, the dura, and the CNS-draining cervical lymph nodes harbored a traceable fluorescent tumor antigen. In patient samples, we observed several APC subsets (including the CD141+ cDC1 equivalent) infiltrating glioblastomas, meningiomas, and dura. In these same APC subsets, we identified a tumor-specific fluorescent metabolite of 5-aminolevulinic acid, which fluorescently labeled tumor cells during fluorescence-guided GBM resection. Together, these data elucidate the specialized behavior of cDC1 and suggest that cDC1 play a significant role in CNS antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Bowman-Kirigin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rupen Desai
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian T. Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Z. Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maximilian O. Schaettler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Connor J. Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Dale K. Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole M. Kretzer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory J. Zipfel
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric C. Leuthardt
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua W. Osbun
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R. Chicoine
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert H. Kim
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tanner M. Johanns
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernd H. Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin P. Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain Tumor Center/Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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27
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The Role of Cellular Immunity and Adaptive Immunity in Pathophysiology of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:51-72. [PMID: 36587381 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in our understanding of CNS tumors, especially glioma, however, the survival of patients with malignant glioma remains poor. While radiation and chemotherapy have increased overall survival, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still has one of the worst 5-year survival rates of all human cancers. Here, in this chapter, the authors review the abrogation of the immune system in the tumor setting, revealing many plausible targets for therapy and the current immunotherapy treatment strategies employed. Notably, glioma has also been characterized as a subset of primary spinal cord tumor and current treatment recommendations are outlined here.
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Sandström Gerdtsson A, Knulst M, Botling J, Mezheyeuski A, Micke P, Ek S. Phenotypic characterization of spatial immune infiltration niches in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2206725. [PMID: 37139184 PMCID: PMC10150622 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2206725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is heterogeneous, which impedes the prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We have mapped the expression of 49 proteins to spatial immune niches in 33 NSCLC tumors and report key differences in phenotype and function associated with the spatial context of immune infiltration. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL), identified in 42% of tumors, had a similar proportion of lymphocyte antigens compared to stromal leukocytes (SL) but displayed significantly higher levels of functional, mainly immune suppressive, markers including PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, B7-H3, OX40L, and IDO1. In contrast, SL expressed higher levels of the targetable T-cell activation marker CD27, which increased with a longer distance to the tumor. Correlation analysis confirmed that metabolic-driven immune regulatory mechanisms, including ARG1 and IDO1, are present in the TIL. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) were identified in 30% of patients. They displayed less variation in the expression profile and with significantly higher levels of pan lymphocyte and activation markers, dendritic cells, and antigen presentation compared to other immune niches. TLS also had higher CTLA-4 expression than non-structured SL, which may indicate immune dysfunction. Neither the presence of TIL nor TLS was associated with improved clinical outcomes. The apparent discrimination in functional profiles of distinct immune niches, independent of the overall level of leukocytes, illustrates the importance of spatial profiling to deconvolute how the immune microenvironment can dictate a therapeutic response and to identify biomarkers in the context of immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandström Gerdtsson
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CONTACT Anna Sandström Gerdtsson Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Medicon Village 406, Scheelevägen 8, Lund223 87, Sweden
| | - Mattis Knulst
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Tumor Microenvironment before and after Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Beyond PD-L1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010276. [PMID: 36612271 PMCID: PMC9818440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In locally advanced rectal cancer treatment, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cCRT) is the standard of care. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex entity comprising of tumor cells, immune cells and surrounding stroma and is closely associated with tumor growth and survival, response to antitumor therapies and also resistance to treatment. We aimed to assess the change in biomarkers associated with TME following standard neoadjuvant cCRT in rectal cancer. METHODS We accessed archival tissue from rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant cCRT at Allegheny Health Network (AHN) facilities over the past 14 years. Pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies were assayed for PD-L1, CD8+ T-cells, CXCL9, TIM-3, IDO-1, IFN-G, IL17RE, LAG-3, and OX40 in 41 patients. RESULTS We found statistically significant upregulation in multiple biomarkers namely CD8, IL17RE, LAG3 and OX40 post neoadjuvant cCRT and a trend towards upregulation, although not statistically significant, in biomarkers PD-L1, CXCL9, TIM-3, IDO-1 and IFN-G expression. CONCLUSIONS This provides a glimpse into the TME before and after neoadjuvant cCRT. We suggest that the biomarkers noted to be upregulated could be used for designing appropriate clinical trials and development of therapeutic targeted drug therapy in an effort to achieve better response to neoadjuvant therapy, increasing clinical and pathological complete response rates and improved overall outcomes.
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Yu J, Zhou B, Zhang S, Yin H, Sun L, Pu Y, Zhou B, Sun Y, Li X, Fang Y, Wang L, Zhao C, Du D, Zhang Y, Xu H. Design of a self-driven probiotic-CRISPR/Cas9 nanosystem for sono-immunometabolic cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7903. [PMID: 36550159 PMCID: PMC9780327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment is a promising strategy for improving tumor immunotherapy efficacy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system can be used to knockdown tumor immunosuppression-related genes. Therefore, here, a self-driven multifunctional delivery vector is constructed to efficiently deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) knockdown in order to amplify immunogenic cell death (ICD) and then reverse tumor immunosuppression. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a self-driven safety probiotic that can penetrate the hypoxia tumor center, allowing efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to the tumor region. While LGG efficiently colonizes the tumor area, it also stimulates the organism to activate the immune system. The CRISPR/Cas9 nanosystem can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the ultrasound irradiation, resulting in ICD, while the produced ROS can induce endosomal/lysosomal rupture and then releasing Cas9/sgRNA to knock down the IDO1 gene to lift immunosuppression. The system generates immune responses that effectively attack tumor cells in mice, contributing to the inhibition of tumor re-challenge in vivo. In addition, this strategy provides an immunological memory effect which offers protection against lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Bangguo Zhou
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Haohao Yin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yinying Pu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Boyang Zhou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yikang Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Lifan Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Chongke Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Dou Du
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, 200072 P. R. China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
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31
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Systematic Analysis of a Pyroptosis-Related Signature to Predict the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Lower-Grade Glioma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243980. [PMID: 36552744 PMCID: PMC9776729 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for lower-grade glioma (LGG) do not effectively improve life expectancy rates, and this is a major global health concern. Improving our knowledge of this disease will ultimately help to improve prevention, accurate prognosis, and treatment strategies. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of regulated cell death, which plays an important role in tumor progression and occurrence. There is still a lack of effective markers to evaluate the prognosis of LGG patients. We collected paraffin-embedded tissue samples and prognostic information from 85 patients with low-grade gliomas and fabricated them into a tissue microarray. Combining data from public databases, we explored the relationship between pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) and the prognoses of patients with LGG and investigated their correlations with the tumor microenvironment (TME) by means of machine learning, single-cell, immunohistochemical, nomogram, GSEA, and Cox regression analyses. We developed a six-gene PRG-based prognostic model, and the results have identified CASP4 as an effective marker for LGG prognosis predictions. Furthermore, the effects on immune cell infiltration may also provide guidance for future immunotherapy strategies.
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32
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Bollu L, Bommi PV, Monsen PJ, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Bell A, Kim M, Ladomersky E, Yang X, Platanias LC, Matei DE, Bonini MG, Munshi HG, Hashizume R, Wu JD, Zhang B, James CD, Chen P, Kocherginsky M, Horbinski C, Cameron MD, Grigorescu AA, Yamini B, Lukas RV, Schiltz GE, Wainwright DA. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Protein Degrader for Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15642-15662. [PMID: 36410047 PMCID: PMC9743093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a potent immunosuppressive enzyme that inhibits the antitumor immune response through both tryptophan metabolism and non-enzymatic functions. To date, most IDO1-targeted approaches have focused on inhibiting tryptophan metabolism. However, this class of drugs has failed to improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Here, we developed and characterized proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that degrade the IDO1 protein. IDO1-PROTACs were tested for their effects on IDO1 enzyme and non-enzyme activities. After screening a library of IDO1-PROTAC derivatives, a compound was identified that potently degraded the IDO1 protein through cereblon-mediated proteasomal degradation. The IDO1-PROTAC: (i) inhibited IDO1 enzyme activity and IDO1-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation in cultured human glioblastoma (GBM) cells, (ii) degraded the IDO1 protein within intracranial brain tumors in vivo, and (iii) mediated a survival benefit in mice with well-established brain tumors. This study identified and characterized a new IDO1 protein degrader with therapeutic potential for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi
R. Bollu
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prashant V. Bommi
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Paige J. Monsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Kristen L. Lauing
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - April Bell
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Miri Kim
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University
Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United
States
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xinyu Yang
- WuXi
AppTec, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Daniela E. Matei
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics − Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem
Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Wu
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Charles David James
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The
Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arabela A. Grigorescu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern
University Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of the Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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Abedi Kiasari B, Abbasi A, Ghasemi Darestani N, Adabi N, Moradian A, Yazdani Y, Sadat Hosseini G, Gholami N, Janati S. Combination therapy with nivolumab (anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody): A new era in tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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35
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Zhang D, Ning J, Ramprasath T, Yu C, Zheng X, Song P, Xie Z, Zou MH. Kynurenine promotes neonatal heart regeneration by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6371. [PMID: 36289221 PMCID: PMC9606021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in many inflammatory and cancer diseases. Of note, acute inflammation that occurs immediately after heart injury is essential for neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the IDO1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolism during heart regeneration is largely unexplored. Here, we find that apical neonatal mouse heart resection surgery led to rapid and consistent increases in cardiac IDO1 expression and kynurenine accumulation. Cardiac deletion of Ido1 gene or chemical inhibition of IDO1 impairs heart regeneration. Mechanistically, elevated kynurenine triggers cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor-SRC-YAP/ERK pathway. In addition, cardiomyocyte-derived kynurenine transports to endothelial cells and stimulates cardiac angiogenesis by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocation and enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Notably, Ahr deletion prevents indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase -kynurenine-associated heart regeneration. In summary, increasing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-derived kynurenine level promotes cardiac regeneration by functioning as an endogenous regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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36
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Jiao H, Miao X. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925560. [PMID: 36313683 PMCID: PMC9596987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor associated with high morbidity and mortality rates with a poor prognosis. In recent years, studies on prognostic markers such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have increased; however, their conclusions remain controversial. Here, relevant literature was reviewed and a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the correlation between PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS) in GBM. Methods The non-foundational literature on PD-L1 expression associated with OS in GBM up to February 2022 was searched in the PubMed, Metstr, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Literature was rigorously screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the total hazard ratio (HR), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Calculating the combined HR value and corresponding 95% CI of HR=1.124 (95% CI: 1.047–1.201, P=0.000, I2 (I-squared)=48.8%), it was shown that PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with low OS in GBM patients. Although I2 = 48.8% < 50%, to make the results more credible, in the cutoff values ≥10% subgroup HR=1.37 (95% CI: 1.07–1.67, P=0.000, I2 = 0%), which was also the result found in the first meta-analysis. In contrast, in the cutoff value ≥5% subgroup HR=1.14 (95% CI: 0.98–1.30, P=0.000, I2 = 59.8%) and in the cutoff value median PD-L1 expression levels subgroup HR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.92–1.18, P=0.000, I2 = 0%), indicating that PD-L1 expression was not associated with low OS in GBM. Furthermore, in four studies, we found no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and the progression-free survival of GBM (HR=1.14, 95% CI:0.40–1.88, P=0.03, I2 = 29.3%). Conclusion PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with low OS in GBM patients; however, this result needs to be interpreted with caution and requires a large, multicenter clinical study in patients with similar baseline data for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Graduate Work, Hanguang Campus of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Graduate Work, Hanguang Campus of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hengxing Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Graduate Work, Hanguang Campus of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingyu Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Miao,
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Shidoh S, Savjani RR, Cho NS, Ullman HE, Hagiwara A, Raymond C, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Liau LM, Pope WB, Cloughesy TF, Kaprealian TB, Salamon N, Ellingson BM. Relapse patterns and radiation dose exposure in IDH wild-type glioblastoma at first radiographic recurrence following chemoradiation. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:115-125. [PMID: 36053452 PMCID: PMC9622513 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the radiation dose distribution and lesion morphometry (shape) at baseline, prior to chemoradiation, and at the time of radiographic recurrence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS The IMRT dose distribution, location of the center of mass, sphericity, and solidity of the contrast enhancing tumor at baseline and the time of tumor recurrence was quantified in 48 IDH wild-type GBM who underwent postoperative IMRT (2 Gy daily for total of 60 Gy) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. RESULTS Average radiation dose within enhancing tumor at baseline and recurrence was ≥ 60 Gy. Centroid location of the enhancing tumor shifted an average of 11.3 mm at the time of recurrence with respect to pre-IMRT location. A positive correlation was observed between change in centroid location and PFS in MGMT methylated patients (P = 0.0007) and Cox multivariate regression confirmed centroid distance from baseline was associated with PFS when accounting for clinical factors (P = 0.0189). Lesion solidity was higher at recurrence compared to baseline (P = 0.0118). Tumors that progressed > 12 weeks after IMRT were significantly more spherical (P = 0.0094). CONCLUSION Most GBMs recur local within therapeutic IMRT doses; however, tumors with longer PFS occurred further from the original tumor location and were more solid and/or nodular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoka Shidoh
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departmet of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricky R Savjani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Cho
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henrik E Ullman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phionah L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania B Kaprealian
- Departmet of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Pang L, Khan F, Heimberger AB, Chen P. Mechanism and therapeutic potential of tumor-immune symbiosis in glioblastoma. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:839-854. [PMID: 35624002 PMCID: PMC9492629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of brain tumor in human adults. Myeloid-lineage cells, including macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and neutrophils, are the most frequent types of cell in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) that contribute to tumor progression. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that symbiotic interactions between cancer cells and myeloid cells are critical for tumor growth and immunotherapy resistance in GBM. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms whereby cancer cells shape a myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppressive TME and, reciprocally, how such myeloid cells affect tumor progression and immunotherapy efficiency in GBM. Moreover, we highlight tumor-T cell symbiosis and summarize immunotherapeutic strategies intercepting this co-dependency in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Pang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Pallotta MT, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Coletti A, Orabona C, Macchiarulo A, Volpi C, Grohmann U. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1): an up-to-date overview of an eclectic immunoregulatory enzyme. FEBS J 2022; 289:6099-6118. [PMID: 34145969 PMCID: PMC9786828 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When discovered more than 50 years ago, IDO1 was thought to be an effector molecule capable of mediating a survival strategy based on the deprivation of bacteria and tumor cells of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Since 1998, when tryptophan catabolism was discovered to be crucially involved in the maintenance of maternal T-cell tolerance, IDO1 has become the focus of several laboratories around the world. Indeed, IDO1 is now considered as an authentic immune regulator not only in pregnancy, but also in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor immunity. However, in the last years, a bulk of new information-including structural, biological, and functional evidence-on IDO1 has come to light. For instance, we now know that IDO1 has a peculiar conformational plasticity and, in addition to a complex and highly regulated catalytic activity, is capable of performing a nonenzymic function that reprograms the expression profile of immune cells toward a highly immunoregulatory phenotype. With this state-of-the-art review, we aimed at gathering the most recent information obtained for this eclectic protein as well as at highlighting the major unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
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Yu L, Wang Y, He Y, Zhong H, Ge S, Zou Y, Lai Y, Xu Q, Gao J, Liu W, Guo W. Combination of apatinib with apo-IDO1 inhibitor for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109233. [PMID: 36126409 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Recently, many clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint therapy combined with inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in colon cancer. Compound B37, identified in our previous experiment, is an apo-form indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor (apo-IDO1 inhibitor), which has been shown to significantly suppress tumor growth combined with an anti-PD1 antibody. We speculated whether this apo-IDO inhibitor (B37) combined with a VEGFR2 inhibitor (apatinib) would further improve its anti-tumor activity. Therefore, a syngeneic mouse colon cancer model (mouse colon cancer cell line CT26) was established to investigate the anti-tumor activity of B37 combined with apatinib. As expected, the combination of B37 and apatinib (VEGFR2 inhibitor) improved the therapeutic effect compared with apo-IDO1 inhibitor and apatinib monotherapy, as shown by the reduced growth of transplanted tumors, weakened proliferation, and increased apoptosis of cancer cells. Specifically, there was a 24.8% reduction in tumor volume using apatinib and 31.3% reduction using B37. The combination-treated group showed remarkable inhibition of tumor growth (52.2%). For tumor weight, there was a 29.2% reduction in the apatinib-treated group and 35.0% reduction in the B37-treated group. The combination-treated group showed a 56.3% reduction. Moreover, the combination therapy reprogrammed the immune microenvironment by increasing infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, decreasing the ratio of regulatory T cells, and promoting the killing ability of T cells manifested by elevated expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B in the combination-treated group. Our study indicates that the combination of apo-IDO1 inhibitor and apatinib is a promising strategy for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Yingxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Haiqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shushan Ge
- China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yi Zou
- China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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Aquilanti E, Wen PY. Current therapeutic options for glioblastoma and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1629-1640. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Aquilanti
- Division of Neuro Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Patrick Y. Wen
- Division of Neuro Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
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42
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Han J, Bhatta R, Liu Y, Bo Y, Wang H. In Situ Dendritic Cell Recruitment and T Cell Activation for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954955. [PMID: 36081933 PMCID: PMC9445184 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm for cancer treatment in the past decade, but new immunotherapies enabling the effective treatment of solid tumors are still greatly demanded. Here we report a pore-forming hydrogel-based immunotherapy that enables simultaneous recruitment of dendritic cells and in situ activation of T cells, for reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and amplifying cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. The injectable pore-forming hydrogel composed of porogen-dispersed alginate network can form a macroporous structure upon injection into mice, and enables controlled release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a chemoattractant for recruiting dendritic cells, and epacadostat, an inhibitor of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase for activating T cells. We show that gels loaded with GM-CSF and epacadostat, after peritumoral injection, can recruit massive dendritic cells in situ and activate effector T cells in the tumor tissues, resulting in enhanced frequency and activation status of dendritic cells, reduced numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and increased CD8+/Treg ratios in the tumor microenvironment. This hydrogel-based immunotherapy holds great promise for treating poorly-immunogenic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsu Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rimsha Bhatta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yang Bo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang,
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Cao TQ, Wainwright DA, Lee-Chang C, Miska J, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB, Lukas RV. Next Steps for Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4023. [PMID: 36011015 PMCID: PMC9406905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients undergoing standard of care treatment remain poor. Here we discuss the portfolio of previously investigated immunotherapies for glioblastoma, including vaccine therapy and checkpoint inhibitors, as well as novel emerging therapeutic approaches. In addition, we explore the factors that potentially influence response to immunotherapy, which should be considered in future research aimed at improving immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Q. Cao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Berger G, Knelson EH, Jimenez-Macias JL, Nowicki MO, Han S, Panagioti E, Lizotte PH, Adu-Berchie K, Stafford A, Dimitrakakis N, Zhou L, Chiocca EA, Mooney DJ, Barbie DA, Lawler SE. STING activation promotes robust immune response and NK cell-mediated tumor regression in glioblastoma models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111003119. [PMID: 35787058 PMCID: PMC9282249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has had a tremendous impact on cancer treatment in the past decade, with hitherto unseen responses at advanced and metastatic stages of the disease. However, the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is highly immunosuppressive and remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic approaches. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA sensing pathway has emerged as a next-generation immunotherapy target with potent local immune stimulatory properties. Here, we investigated the status of the STING pathway in GBM and the modulation of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) with the STING agonist ADU-S100. Our data reveal the presence of STING in human GBM specimens, where it stains strongly in the tumor vasculature. We show that human GBM explants can respond to STING agonist treatment by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In murine GBM models, we show a profound shift in the tumor immune landscape after STING agonist treatment, with massive infiltration of the tumor-bearing hemisphere with innate immune cells including inflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) populations. Treatment of established murine intracranial GL261 and CT-2A tumors by biodegradable ADU-S100-loaded intracranial implants demonstrated a significant increase in survival in both models and long-term survival with immune memory in GL261. Responses to treatment were abolished by NK cell depletion. This study reveals therapeutic potential and deep remodeling of the TME by STING activation in GBM and warrants further examination of STING agonists alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, NK therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jorge L. Jimenez-Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Saemi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick H. Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Human Tumor Profiling Group, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Alexander Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nikolaos Dimitrakakis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Nguyen TT, Shin DH, Sohoni S, Singh SK, Rivera-Molina Y, Jiang H, Fan X, Gumin J, Lang FF, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Godoy-Vitorino F, Zhu L, Zheng WJ, Zhai L, Ladomersky E, Lauing KL, Alonso MM, Wainwright DA, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J. Reshaping the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic viruses, positive regulation of the immune synapse, and blockade of the immunosuppressive oncometabolic circuitry. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004935. [PMID: 35902132 PMCID: PMC9341188 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses are considered part of immunotherapy and have shown promise in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. Results from these studies have suggested that tumor microenvironment remodeling is required to achieve an effective response in solid tumors. Here, we assess the extent to which targeting specific mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment optimizes viroimmunotherapy. METHODS We used RNA-seq analyses to analyze the transcriptome, and validated the results using Q-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Viral activity was analyzed by replication assays and viral titration. Kyn and Trp metabolite levels were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation was analyzed by examination of promoter activity. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by tumor histopathology and survival in syngeneic murine models of gliomas, including Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-/- mice. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping and quantification of cell populations. Immune activation was examined in co-cultures of immune and cancer cells. T-cell depletion was used to identify the role played by specific cell populations. Rechallenge experiments were performed to identify the development of anti-tumor memory. RESULTS Bulk RNA-seq analyses showed the activation of the immunosuppressive IDO-kynurenine-AhR circuitry in response to Delta-24-RGDOX infection of tumors. To overcome the effect of this pivotal pathway, we combined Delta-24-RGDOX with clinically relevant IDO inhibitors. The combination therapy increased the frequency of CD8+ T cells and decreased the rate of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and immunosupressive Treg tumor populations in animal models of solid tumors. Functional studies demonstrated that IDO-blockade-dependent activation of immune cells against tumor antigens could be reversed by the oncometabolite kynurenine. The concurrent targeting of the effectors and suppressors of the tumor immune landscape significantly prolonged the survival in animal models of orthotopic gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified for the first time the in vivo role of IDO-dependent immunosuppressive pathways in the resistance of solid tumors to oncolytic adenoviruses. Specifically, the IDO-Kyn-AhR activity was responsible for the resurface of local immunosuppression and resistance to therapy, which was ablated through IDO inhibition. Our data indicate that combined molecular and immune therapy may improve outcomes in human gliomas and other cancers treated with virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Nguyen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sagar Sohoni
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yisel Rivera-Molina
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lisha Zhu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liu W, Zou Y, Li K, Zhong H, Yu L, Ge S, Lai Y, Dong X, Xu Q, Guo W. Apo-Form Selective Inhibition of IDO for Tumor Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:180-191. [PMID: 35725271 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 is considered an effective therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, the inadequate response of existing holo-IDO1 inhibitors and unclear biomarkers available in clinical practice limit the possibility of developing efficacious IDO1 inhibitors. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the activity and mechanism of a potent 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid derivative (B37) targeting apo-IDO1 and to determine its role in tumor therapy. By competing with heme for binding to apo-IDO1, B37 potently inhibited IDO1 activity, with an IC50 of 22 pM assessed using a HeLa cell-based assay. The x-ray cocrystal structure of the inhibitor-enzyme complex showed that the B37-human IDO1 complex has strong hydrophobic interactions, which enhances its binding affinity, determined using isothermal titration calorimetry. Stronger noncovalent interactions, including π stacking and hydrogen bonds formed between B37 and apo-human IDO1, underlay the enthalpy-driven force for B37 for binding to the enzyme. These binding properties endowed B37 with potent antitumor efficacy, which was confirmed in a mouse colon cancer CT26 syngeneic model in BALB/c mice and in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis model in C57BL/6 mice by activating the host immune system. Moreover, the combination of B37 and anti-PD1 Ab synergistically inhibited tumor growth. These results suggested that B37 may serve as a unique candidate for apo-IDO1 inhibition-mediated tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Haiqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Longbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shushan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and
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Hosseinalizadeh H, Mahmoodpour M, Samadani AA, Roudkenar MH. The immunosuppressive role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in glioblastoma: mechanism of action and immunotherapeutic strategies. Med Oncol 2022; 39:130. [PMID: 35716323 PMCID: PMC9206138 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor in adults with a bleak diagnosis. Expansion of immunosuppressive and malignant CD4 + FoxP3 + GITR + regulatory T cells is one of the hallmarks of GBM. Importantly, most of the patients with GBM expresses the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). While IDO1 is generally not expressed at appreciable levels in the adult central nervous system, it is rapidly stimulated and highly expressed in response to ongoing immune surveillance in cancer. Increased levels of immune surveillance in cancer are thus related to higher intratumoral IDO expression levels and, as a result, a worse OS in GBM patients. Conversion of the important amino acid tryptophan into downstream catabolite known as kynurenines is the major function of IDO. Decreasing tryptophan and increasing the concentration of immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolites has been shown to induce T-cell apoptosis, increase immunosuppressive programming, and death of tumor antigen-presenting dendritic cells. This observation supported the immunotherapeutic strategy, and the targeted molecular therapy that suppresses IDO1 activity. We review the current understanding of the role of IDO1 in tumor immunological escape in brain tumors, the immunomodulatory effects of its primary catabolites, preclinical research targeting this enzymatic pathway, and various issues that need to be overcome to increase the prospective immunotherapeutic relevance in the treatment of GBM malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., 41887-94755, Rasht, Iran.
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Zeng Y, Tan P, Ren C, Gao L, Chen Y, Hu S, Tang N, Chen C, Du S. Comprehensive Analysis of Expression and Prognostic Value of MS4As in Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:795844. [PMID: 35734424 PMCID: PMC9207330 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.795844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignancy of the nervous system with high mortality rates. The MS4A family members have been reported as potential prognostic biomarkers in several cancers; however, the relationship between the MS4A family and glioma has not been clearly confirmed. In our study, we explored the prognostic value of MS4As as well as their potential pro-cancer mechanisms of glioma. Using bioinformatics analysis methods based on the data from public databases, we found that the expression of MS4A4A, MS4A4E, MS4A6A, MS4A7, TMEM176A, and TMEM176B was significantly overexpressed in glioma tissues compared with that of normal tissues. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models revealed that high levels of MS4As can be associated with a poorer prognosis; TMEM176A, TMEM176B, age, WHO grade, and IDH status were identified as independent prognostic factors. Enrichment analysis predicted that MS4As were related to tumor-related pathways and immune response, which might regulate the process of MS4As promoting tumorigenesis. Additionally, we analyzed the correlations of MS4A expression with immune cells and immune inhibitory molecules. Finally, data from the cell culture suggested that knockdown of the TMEM176B gene contributes to the decreased proliferation and migration of glioma cells. In conclusion, MS4A4A, MS4A4E, MS4A6A, MS4A7, TMEM176A, and TMEM176B may act as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in glioma and play a role in forming the immune microenvironment in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peixin Tan
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxuan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shushu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shasha Du,
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Petricevic B, Kabiljo J, Zirnbauer R, Walczak H, Laengle J, Bergmann M. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers - The New Standard of Care? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:834-850. [PMID: 35671877 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) offers novel treatment possibilities for solid cancers, with the crucial benefit of providing higher cure rates. These agents have become part of standard treatments in the metastatic and adjuvant setting for select cancers, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or urological malignancies. Currently, there is ample clinical interest in employing ICI in a neoadjuvant setting with a curative intent. This approach is especially supported by the scientific rationale that ICI primarily stimulate the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells, rather than being inherently cytotoxic. Aside from tumor downstaging, neoadjuvant immunotherapy offers the potential of an in situ cancer vaccination, leading to a systemic adjuvant immunological effect after tumor resection. Moreover, preclinical data clearly demonstrate a synergistic effect of ICI with radiotherapy (RT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or chemotherapy (ChT). This review harmonizes preclinical concepts with real world data (RWD) in the field of neoadjuvant ICI in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and discusses their limitations. We believe this is a crucial approach, since up to now, neoadjuvant strategies have been primarily developed by clinicians, whereas the advances in immunotherapy primarily originate from preclinical research. Currently there is limited published data on neoadjuvant ICI in GI cancers, even though neoadjuvant treatments including RT, CRT or ChT are frequently employed in locally advanced/oligometastatic GI cancers (i.e. rectal, pancreatic, esophagus, stomach, etc.). Utilizing established therapies in combination with ICI provides an abundance of opportunities for innovative treatment regimens to further improve survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Petricevic
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julijan Kabiljo
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Zirnbauer
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Johannes Laengle
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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50
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Pang L, Khan F, Dunterman M, Chen P. Pharmacological targeting of the tumor–immune symbiosis in glioblastoma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:686-700. [PMID: 35534356 PMCID: PMC9288491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal form of primary brain tumor in adults. The median survival of GBM patients is approximately 14-16 months despite multimodal therapies. Emerging evidence has substantiated the critical role of symbiotic interactions between GBM cells and noncancerous immune cells (e.g., myeloid cells and T cells) in regulating tumor progression and therapy resistance. Approaches to target the tumor-immune symbiosis have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. Here, we review the recent developments for pharmacological targeting of the GBM-immune symbiosis and highlight the role of such strategies to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies in GBM.
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