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Intarajak T, Udomchaiprasertkul W, Khoiri AN, Sutheeworapong S, Kusonmano K, Kittichotirat W, Thammarongtham C, Cheevadhanarak S. Distinct gut microbiomes in Thai patients with colorectal polyps. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3336-3355. [PMID: 39086748 PMCID: PMC11287419 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i27.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps that develop via the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence [e.g., tubular adenoma (TA)] often progress to malignancy and are closely associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. There is limited research concerning the microbial functions and gut microbiomes associated with colorectal polyps that arise through the serrated polyp pathway, such as hyperplastic polyps (HP). Exploration of microbiome alterations associated with HP and TA would improve the understanding of mechanisms by which specific microbes and their metabolic pathways contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. AIM To investigate gut microbiome signatures, microbial associations, and microbial functions in HP and TA patients. METHODS Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome in stool samples from control participants without polyps [control group (CT), n = 40], patients with HP (n = 52), and patients with TA (n = 60). Significant differences in gut microbiome composition and functional mechanisms were identified between the CT group and patients with HP or TA. Analytical techniques in this study included differential abundance analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and differential pathway analysis. RESULTS Colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated bacteria, including Streptococcus gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus), Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium symbiosum, were identified as characteristic microbial species in TA patients. Mediterraneibacter gnavus, associated with dysbiosis and gastrointestinal diseases, was significantly differentially abundant in the HP and TA groups. Functional pathway analysis revealed that HP patients exhibited enrichment in the sulfur oxidation pathway exclusively, whereas TA patients showed dominance in pathways related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis (e.g., mevalonate); S. gallolyticus was a major contributor. Co-occurrence network and dynamic network analyses revealed co-occurrence of dysbiosis-associated bacteria in HP patients, whereas TA patients exhibited co-occurrence of CRC-associated bacteria. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of SCFA-producing bacteria was lower in TA patients than HP patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed distinct gut microbiome signatures associated with pathways of colorectal polyp development, providing insights concerning the roles of microbial species, functional pathways, and microbial interactions in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoranin Intarajak
- Bioinformatics Unit, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Lak Si 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanthida Kusonmano
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerayuth Kittichotirat
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chinae Thammarongtham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bank Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
- Fungal Biotechnology Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Ouranos K, Gardikioti A, Bakaloudi DR, Mylona EK, Shehadeh F, Mylonakis E. Association of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex With Colorectal Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad547. [PMID: 38023558 PMCID: PMC10655943 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive infection with Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) bacteria is associated with underlying colorectal neoplasia. However, the link between intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates or antibody responses to SBSEC members and colorectal cancer is not thoroughly investigated in the literature. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for case-control studies as well as retrospective or prospective cohort studies reporting an association between SBSEC bacteria and colorectal neoplasia. Results We identified 22 studies (15 case-control and 7 cohort) that met our inclusion criteria. Among the cohort studies, patients with SBSEC bacteremia were 3.73 times more likely to have underlying colorectal cancer compared with individuals with no bacteremia (relative risk [RR], 3.73; 95% CI, 2.79-5.01), whereas the risk of underlying colorectal adenoma in patients with SBSEC bacteremia was not significantly increased (RR, 5.00; 95% CI, 0.83-30.03). In case-control studies, patients with colorectal cancer were 2.27 times more likely to have evidence of intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11-4.62) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to SBSEC antigens (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-4.86) compared with controls. Patients with colorectal adenoma were not more likely to be colonized with SBSEC isolates compared with controls (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.55-2.25). Conclusions Apart from the well-established association of SBSEC bacteremia and underlying colorectal cancer, intestinal or fecal colonization with SBSEC isolates and IgG antibody responses to SBSEC antigens were higher in patients with colorectal cancer compared with controls. Neither bacteremia from SBSEC isolates nor colonization with SBSEC bacteria was associated with underlying colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ouranos
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angeliki Gardikioti
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Evangelia K Mylona
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Duijster JW, Franz E, Neefjes J, Mughini-Gras L. Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens as Risk Factors for Cancers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of Current Epidemiological Knowledge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790256. [PMID: 34956157 PMCID: PMC8692736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of viral infections is well established and documented for many years already. However, the contribution of (commensal) bacteria and parasites to the development and progression of cancers has only recently gained momentum, resulting in a rapid growth of publications on the topic. Indeed, various bacteria and parasites have been suggested to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer in particular. Therefore, an overview of the current epidemiological knowledge on the association between infections with bacteria and parasites and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract is needed. In this review, we summarized the methodological characteristics and main results of epidemiological studies investigating the association of 10 different bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Typhi, and Streptococcus spp.) and three parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Schistosoma spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis) with gastrointestinal cancer. While the large body of studies based on microbiome sequencing provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in cancer patients as compared to individuals with pre-malignant conditions or healthy controls, more research is needed to fulfill Koch's postulates, possibly making use of follow-up data, to assess the complex role of bacterial and parasitic infections in cancer epidemiology. Studies incorporating follow-up time between detection of the bacterium or parasite and cancer diagnosis remain valuable as these allow for estimation of cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W. Duijster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Taddese R, Roelofs R, Draper D, Wu X, Wu S, Swinkels DW, Tjalsma H, Boleij A. Streptococcus gallolyticus Increases Expression and Activity of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent CYP1 Biotransformation Capacity in Colorectal Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:740704. [PMID: 34778104 PMCID: PMC8579041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.740704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus is one of the few intestinal bacteria that has been consistently linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify novel S. gallolyticus-induced pathways in colon epithelial cells that could further explain how S. gallolyticus contributes to CRC development. Design and Results Transcription profiling of in vitro cultured CRC cells that were exposed to S. gallolyticus revealed the specific induction of oxidoreductase pathways. Most prominently, CYP1A and ALDH1 genes that encode phase I biotransformation enzymes were responsible for the detoxification or bio-activation of toxic compounds. A common feature is that these enzymes are induced through the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using the specific inhibitor CH223191, we showed that the induction of CYP1A was dependent on the AhR both in vitro using multiple CRC cell lines as in vivo using wild-type C57bl6 mice colonized with S. gallolyticus. Furthermore, we showed that CYP1 could also be induced by other intestinal bacteria and that a yet unidentified diffusible factor from the S. galloltyicus secretome (SGS) induces CYP1A enzyme activity in an AhR-dependent manner. Importantly, priming CRC cells with SGS increased the DNA damaging effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene. Conclusion This study shows that gut bacteria have the potential to modulate the expression of biotransformation pathways in colonic epithelial cells in an AhR-dependent manner. This offers a novel theory on the contribution of intestinal bacteria to the etiology of CRC by modifying the capacity of intestinal epithelial or (pre-)cancerous cells to (de)toxify dietary components, which could alter intestinal susceptibility to DNA damaging events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rian Roelofs
- Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derk Draper
- Department of Pathology, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xinqun Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Harold Tjalsma
- Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Nijmegen Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
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5
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Watson KM, Gaulke CA, Tsikitis VL. Understanding the microbiome: a primer on the role of the microbiome in colorectal neoplasia. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:223-236. [PMID: 32382225 PMCID: PMC7196612 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death internationally, with mounting evidence pointing to the role of the microbiome in adenoma and cancer development. This article aims to provide clinicians with a foundation for understanding the field of research into the microbiome. We also illustrate the various ways in which the microbiota have been linked to colorectal cancer, with a specific focus on microbiota with identified virulence factors, and also on the ways that byproducts of microbiota metabolism may result in oncogenesis. We also review strategies for manipulating the microbiome for therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Watson
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
| | | | - Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
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6
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Real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus associated with colorectal cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6877-6887. [PMID: 31388715 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing threat of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) infections has gained considerable attention for its strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we proposed real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a novel, simple, rapid, and highly sensitive assay for identifying SGG for the first time. This assay was capable of detecting SGG with initial DNA concentrations ranging from 102 to 108 copies per microliter, under isothermal conditions within 30 min via real-time fluorescence monitoring. Our method was tested for specific identification of SGG strains without cross-reaction with other Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies and Escherichia coli. The developed LAMP shows a superior performance with shorter time and higher sensitivity compared with conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Significantly, this proposed approach was successfully applied for detecting SGG in clinical urine samples, which is non-invasive diagnosis, showing excellent accuracy and reliability to discriminate healthy controls and CRC patients. For comparison, these samples were also tested against PCR assay. These results yielded an analytical sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% for SGG testing using LAMP. The findings suggest LAMP can be employed for detecting SGG infections which is useful for diagnosis and screening of CRC.
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7
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Butt J, Fernández de Larrea N, Tjalsma H, Roelofs R, Kato I, Martín V, Pérez-Gómez B, Moreno V, Dierssen-Sotos T, Castilla J, Fernández-Tardón G, Amiano P, Salas D, Alguacil J, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Huerta JM, de Sanjosé S, Del Campo R, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Boleij A, Aragonés N. Antibody responses to flagellin C and Streptococcus gallolyticus pilus proteins in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10847. [PMID: 31350458 PMCID: PMC6659640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Because SGG may correlate with impaired gut epithelia, we assessed the association of antibodies to bacterial flagellin C (FliC), a measure potentially related to this impairment, with CRC and the CRC-specific interaction with antibodies to SGG proteins. Antibodies to FliC and SGG pilus proteins Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 were measured in two independent studies, a combined study from Nijmegen and Detroit (93 CRC cases, 74 controls) and a replication data set including 576 cases and 576 controls from the Spanish multicenter multicase-control study (MCC-Spain). Logistic regression was applied to assess whether antibodies to FliC were associated with CRC and modified the association of antibodies to SGG proteins with CRC. Antibodies to FliC were associated with those to SGG Gallo2178 among CRC cases, resulting in an interaction in the association of antibodies to Gallo2178 with CRC (p = 0.007). This association was only present among individuals with high antibody responses to FliC (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.45–4.06). In conclusion, our findings suggest that colorectal tumorigenesis could be accompanied by an impaired integrity of the epithelium that could result in associated increased antibody responses to bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harold Tjalsma
- Independent researcher. Experimental work conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre (RadboudUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rian Roelofs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,The Research Group in Gene Environment and Health Interactions, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,University of Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Institute of Navarra, IdiSNA- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IUOPA, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Dolores Salas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Valencia, Spain.,General Directorate Public Health, Valencian Community, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Natural Resources, Health and Environment Research Center (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,PATH, Reproductive Health, Seattle, USA
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud university medical centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Rizzato C, Torres J, Kasamatsu E, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Bravo MM, Canzian F, Kato I. Potential Role of Biofilm Formation in the Development of Digestive Tract Cancer With Special Reference to Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:846. [PMID: 31110496 PMCID: PMC6501431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are highly social organisms that communicate via signaling molecules and can assume a multicellular lifestyle to build biofilm communities. Until recently, complications from biofilm-associated infection have been primarily ascribed to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics and host immune evasion, leading to persistent infection. In this theory and hypothesis article we present a relatively new argument that biofilm formation has potential etiological role in the development of digestive tract cancer. First, we summarize recent new findings suggesting the potential link between bacterial biofilm and various types of cancer to build the foundation of our hypothesis. To date, evidence has been particularly convincing for colorectal cancer and its precursor, i.e., polyps, pointing to several key individual bacterial species, such as Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. Gallolyticus. Then, we further extend this hypothesis to one of the most common bacterial infection in humans, Helicobacter pylori (Hp), which is considered a major cause of gastric cancer. Thus far, there has been no direct evidence linking in vivo Hp gastric biofilm formation to gastric carcinogenesis. Yet, we synthesize the information to support an argument that biofilm associated-Hp is potentially more carcinogenic, summarizing biological characteristics of biofilm-associated bacteria. We also discuss mechanistic pathways as to how Hp or other biofilm-associated bacteria control biofilm formation and highlight recent findings on Hp genes that influence biofilm formation, which may lead to strain variability in biofilm formation. This knowledge may open a possibility of developing targeted intervention. We conclude, however, that this field is still in its infancy. To test the hypothesis rigorously and to link it ultimately to gastric pathologies (e.g., premalignant lesions and cancer), studies are needed to learn more about Hp biofilms, such as compositions and biological properties of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), presence of non-Hp microbiome and geographical distribution of biofilms in relation to gastric gland types and structures. Identification of specific Hp strains with enhanced biofilm formation would be helpful not only for screening patients at high risk for sequelae from Hp infection, but also for development of new antibiotics to avoid resistance, regardless of its association with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translation Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Kasamatsu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Mercedes Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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9
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Butt J, Blot WJ, Teras LR, Visvanathan K, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA, Chen Y, Bao Y, Sesso HD, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ho GY, Tinker LF, Peek RM, Potter JD, Cover TL, Hendrix LH, Huang LC, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Epplein M. Antibody Responses to Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subspecies Gallolyticus Proteins in a Large Prospective Colorectal Cancer Cohort Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1186-1194. [PMID: 30038049 PMCID: PMC6170691 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody responses to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) proteins, especially pilus protein Gallo2178, have been consistently associated with colorectal cancer risk. Previous case-control studies and prospective studies with up to 8 years of follow-up, however, were unable to decipher the temporality of antibody responses to SGG in the context of the long-term multistep development of colorectal cancer. In this study, we analyzed a large U.S. colorectal cancer cohort consortium with follow-up beyond 10 years for antibody responses to SGG.Methods: We applied multiplex serology to measure antibody responses to 9 SGG proteins in participants of 10 prospective U.S. cohorts (CLUE, CPSII, HPFS, MEC, NHS, NYUWHS, PHS, PLCO, SCCS, and WHI) including 4,063 incident colorectal cancer cases and 4,063 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess whether antibody responses to SGG were associated with colorectal cancer risk, overall and by time between blood draw and diagnosis.Results: Colorectal cancer risk was increased among those with antibody responses to Gallo2178, albeit not statistically significant [OR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.52]. This association was stronger for cases diagnosed <10 years after blood draw (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.79), but was not found among cases diagnosed ≥10 years after blood draw (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50-1.24).Conclusions: In a large cohort consortium, we reproduced the association of antibody responses to SGG Gallo2178 with colorectal cancer risk for individuals diagnosed within 10 years after blood draw.Impact: This timing-specific finding suggests that antibody responses to SGG are associated with increased colorectal cancer risk only after tumorigenesis has begun. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1186-94. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ying Bao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Gloria Y Ho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- WHI Clinical Coordinating Center at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John D Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Laura H Hendrix
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Li-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meira Epplein
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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10
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Jans C, Boleij A. The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:603. [PMID: 29692760 PMCID: PMC5902542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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11
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Pasquereau-Kotula E, Martins M, Aymeric L, Dramsi S. Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 29666615 PMCID: PMC5891635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasquereau-Kotula
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Martins
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Aymeric
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006440. [PMID: 28704539 PMCID: PMC5509344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been known to have a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). This knowledge has important clinical implications, and yet little is known about the role of Sg in the development of CRC. Here we demonstrate that Sg promotes human colon cancer cell proliferation in a manner that depends on cell context, bacterial growth phase and direct contact between bacteria and colon cancer cells. In addition, we observed increased level of β-catenin, c-Myc and PCNA in colon cancer cells following incubation with Sg. Knockdown or inhibition of β-catenin abolished the effect of Sg. Furthermore, mice administered with Sg had significantly more tumors, higher tumor burden and dysplasia grade, and increased cell proliferation and β-catenin staining in colonic crypts compared to mice receiving control bacteria. Finally, we showed that Sg is present in the majority of CRC patients and is preferentially associated with tumor compared to normal tissues obtained from CRC patients. These results taken together establish for the first time a tumor-promoting role of Sg that involves specific bacterial and host factors and have important clinical implications.
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13
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Butt J, Werner S, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Michel A, Waterboer T, Zörnig I, Boleij A, Dramsi S, Brenner H, Pawlita M. Serology ofStreptococcus gallolyticussubspeciesgallolyticusand its association with colorectal cancer and precursors. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:897-904. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simone Werner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- Department of Medical Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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14
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Naidoo N, Pillay M. Bacterial pili, with emphasis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili: potential biomarkers for point-of care tests and therapeutics. Biomarkers 2016; 22:93-105. [PMID: 27797276 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel biomarkers are essential for developing rapid diagnostics and therapeutic interventions Objective: This review aimed to highlight biomarker characterisation and assessment of unique bacterial pili. METHODS A PubMed search for bacterial pili, diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics was performed, with emphasis on the well characterised pili. RESULTS In total, 46 papers were identified and reviewed. CONCLUSION Extensive analyses of pili enabled by advanced nanotechnology and whole genome sequencing provide evidence that they are strong biomarker candidates. Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili are emphasised as important epitopes for the development of much needed point-of-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Naidoo
- a Medical Microbiology and Infection Control , School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella , Durban , South Africa
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- a Medical Microbiology and Infection Control , School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella , Durban , South Africa
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15
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Abstract
Although genes contribute to colorectal cancer, the gut microbiota are an important player. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic infection and the ensuing inflammation contributes to tumor initiation and tumor progression. A variety of bacterial species and tumor-promoting virulence mechanisms have been investigated. Significant advances have been made in understanding the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and its roles in cancer. In the current review, we discuss the novel roles of microbiota in the progression of colon cancer. Although microbiota technically include organisms other than bacteria e.g., viruses and fungi, this review will primarily focus on bacteria. We summarize epidemiological studies of human microbiome and colon cancer. We discuss the progress in the scientific understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota, barrier function, and host responses in experimental models. Further, we discuss the potential application in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of colon cancer by targeting microbiota. We discuss the challenges lie ahead and the future direction in studying gut microbiome in colon cancer to close the gap between the basic sciences and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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16
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Tsai CE, Chiu CT, Rayner CK, Wu KL, Chiu YC, Hu ML, Chuah SK, Tai WC, Liang CM, Wang HM. Associated factors in Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and colorectal cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:196-200. [PMID: 27185602 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest that between 25% and 80% of patients with Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia have concomitant colorectal tumors. This retrospective study was aimed to identify associations between clinical characteristics and a finding of colorectal neoplasm in patients with S. bovis bacteremia who had colonoscopy examination. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with S. bovis bacteremia from Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, between January 2004 and January 2014. Clinical data including age, sex, comorbidities, blood culture, and colonoscopy findings were collected and their relationship to a finding of colorectal cancer was examined. A total of 107 patients with S. bovis bacteremia were identified, of whom 49 (72% male; age 65 ± 12 years) were investigated with colonoscopy; 15 of these patients (30.6%) had colorectal adenocarcinoma. Female sex (p = 0.014) and a history of noncolorectal malignancy (p = 0.004) were associated with a finding of colorectal adenocarcinoma. There were no associations with age, percentage of blood cultures, or the presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, heart disease, or end-stage renal disease. Our results show that S. bovis bacteremia is associated with the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma, especially in female patients, and concomitant existence of other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Tsai
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Christopher K Rayner
- Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keng-Liang Wu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Chiu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Luen Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tai
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chung Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Wang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Butt J, Romero-Hernández B, Pérez-Gómez B, Willhauck-Fleckenstein M, Holzinger D, Martin V, Moreno V, Linares C, Dierssen-Sotos T, Barricarte A, Tardón A, Altzibar JM, Moreno-Osset E, Franco F, Requena RO, Huerta JM, Michel A, Waterboer T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Boleij A, de Sanjosé S, Del Campo R, Tjalsma H, Aragonés N, Pawlita M. Association of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus with colorectal cancer: Serological evidence. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1670-9. [PMID: 26537841 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The colonic opportunist Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) is potentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Large-scale seroepidemiological data for SGG antibodies and their possible association with CRC is currently missing. Associations between CRC and antibody responses to SGG were examined in 576 CRC cases and 576 controls matched by sex, age and province from a population-based multicase-control project (MCC-Spain). MCC-Spain was conducted between 2008 and 2013 in 12 Spanish provinces. Antibody responses to recombinant affinity-purified SGG pilus proteins Gallo1569, 2039, 2178 and 2179 were analysed by multiplex serology. Polyomavirus (PyV) JC VP1 and PyV 6 VP1 proteins served as disease-specificity controls. In the control population, antibody responses to pilus proteins were mostly weak. Antibody responses to individual pilus proteins Gallo2039 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09-2.28), Gallo2178 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09-2.30) and Gallo2179 (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00-2.11) were significantly associated with CRC risk. The association was stronger for positivity to two or more pilus proteins of Gallo1569, Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 (OR:1.93, 95% CI: 1.04-3.56) and for double-positivity to Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.49-8.44). The association between SGG infection and CRC risk was stronger among individuals younger than 65 years. For the first time we demonstrated a statistically significant association of exposure to SGG antigens and CRC in a large seroepidemiological study. These results should stimulate further studies on the role of SGG in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernández
- Servicio De Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal and Instituto Ramón Y Cajal De Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española De Investigación En Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Willhauck-Fleckenstein
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vicente Martin
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad De León, León, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Institut Català D'oncologica L'hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IDIVAL-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IUOPA, Universidad De Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jone M Altzibar
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Osset
- Servicio De Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Univesitario Dr. Peset, Universidad De Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Franco
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro De Investigación En Salud Y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad De Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Hospital General De Riotinto, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo Requena
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria De Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/Universidad De Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Institut Català D'oncologica L'hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio De Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal and Instituto Ramón Y Cajal De Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española De Investigación En Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harold Tjalsma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i) & Radboud University Centre for Oncology (RUCO), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta De Hierro, Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Formica V, Cereda V, Nardecchia A, Tesauro M, Roselli M. Immune reaction and colorectal cancer: Friends or foes? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12407-12419. [PMID: 25253941 PMCID: PMC4168074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i35.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential clinical impact of enhancing antitumor immunity is increasingly recognized in oncology therapeutics for solid tumors. Colorectal cancer is one of the most studied neoplasms for the tumor-host immunity relationship. Although immune cell populations involved in such a relationship and their prognostic role in colorectal cancer development have clearly been identified, still no approved therapies based on host immunity intensification have so far been introduced in clinical practice. Moreover, a recognized risk in enhancing immune reaction for colitis-associated colorectal cancer development has limited the emphasis of this approach. The aim of the present review is to discuss immune components involved in the host immune reaction against colorectal cancer and analyze the fine balance between pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral effect of immunity in this model of disease.
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Jans C, Meile L, Lacroix C, Stevens MJA. Genomics, evolution, and molecular epidemiology of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 33:419-36. [PMID: 25233845 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is a group of human and animal derived streptococci that are commensals (rumen and gastrointestinal tract), opportunistic pathogens or food fermentation associates. The classification of SBSEC has undergone massive changes and currently comprises 7 (sub)species grouped into four branches based on sequences identities: the Streptococcus gallolyticus, the Streptococcus equinus, the Streptococcus infantarius and the Streptococcus alactolyticus branch. In animals, SBSEC are causative agents for ruminal acidosis, potentially laminitis and infective endocarditis (IE). In humans, a strong association was established between bacteraemia, IE and colorectal cancer. Especially the SBSEC-species S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an emerging pathogen for IE and prosthetic joint infections. S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and the S. infantarius branch are further associated with biliary and urinary tract infections. Knowledge on pathogenic mechanisms is so far limited to colonization factors such as pili and biofilm formation. Certain strain variants of S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius are associated with traditional dairy and plant-based food fermentations and display traits suggesting safety. However, due to their close relationship to virulent strains, their use in food fermentation has to be critically assessed. Additionally, implementing accurate and up-to-date taxonomy is critical to enable appropriate treatment of patients and risk assessment of species and strains via recently developed multilocus sequence typing schemes to enable comparative global epidemiology. Comparative genomics revealed that SBSEC strains harbour genomics islands (GI) that seem acquired from other streptococci by horizontal gene transfer. In case of virulent strains these GI frequently encode putative virulence factors, in strains from food fermentation the GI encode functions that are pivotal for strain performance during fermentation. Comparative genomics is a powerful tool to identify acquired pathogenic functions, but there is still an urgent need for more physiological and epidemiological data to understand SBSEC-specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Krishnan S, Eslick GD. Streptococcus bovis infection and colorectal neoplasia: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:672-80. [PMID: 24824513 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the risk associated with Streptococcus bovis infection and the occurrence of colorectal neoplasia (CRN). The level of risk remains unknown. METHOD We conducted a search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE up to January 2014. We used a random-effects model to analyse the data. RESULTS We identified 48 studies concerning three main topics: S. bovis septicaemia, S. bovis endocarditis and S. bovis faecal carriage. The total sample sizes were 1729, 807 and 1145, respectively; the 48 studies included 9 case-control studies and 39 case series. Overall, the presence of S. bovis infection was found to be significantly associated with the presence of CRN. Streptococcus bovis endocarditis showed the strongest association in analyses of case-control studies and case series (OR 14.54, 95% CI 5.66-37.35, test for heterogeneity I2 = 43.53; event rate of 0.53, 95% CI 0.45-0.61, test for heterogeneity I2 = 53.50). Similarly, S. bovis septicaemia was also associated with a high level of concurrence with CRN (OR 7.48, 95% CI 3.10-18.06, test for heterogeneity I(2) = 43.32; event rate 0.49, 95% CI 0.42-0.56, test for heterogeneity I2 = 69.97). Patients with CRN were found to have a higher incidence of S. bovis in faeces upon stool culture (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.14-5.58, test for heterogeneity I2 = 69.17). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between the presence of S. bovis endocarditis or S. bovis septicaemia and CRN. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant increase in likelihood of finding S. bovis in the stool of individuals with CRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnan
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Danne C, Dubrac S, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Single cell stochastic regulation of pilus phase variation by an attenuation-like mechanism. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003860. [PMID: 24453966 PMCID: PMC3894217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular triggers leading to virulence of a number of human-adapted commensal bacteria such as Streptococcus gallolyticus are largely unknown. This opportunistic pathogen is responsible for endocarditis in the elderly and associated with colorectal cancer. Colonization of damaged host tissues with exposed collagen, such as cardiac valves and pre-cancerous polyps, is mediated by appendages referred to as Pil1 pili. Populations of S. gallolyticus are heterogeneous with the majority of cells weakly piliated while a smaller fraction is hyper piliated. We provide genetic evidences that heterogeneous pil1 expression depends on a phase variation mechanism involving addition/deletion of GCAGA repeats that modifies the length of an upstream leader peptide. Synthesis of longer leader peptides potentiates the transcription of the pil1 genes through ribosome-induced destabilization of a premature stem-loop transcription terminator. This study describes, at the molecular level, a new regulatory mechanism combining phase variation in a leader peptide-encoding gene and transcription attenuation. This simple and robust mechanism controls a stochastic heterogeneous pilus expression, which is important for evading the host immune system while ensuring optimal tissue colonization. Streptococcus gallolyticus (formely known as S. bovis biotype I) is an emerging cause of septicemia and endocarditis in the elderly. Intriguingly, epidemiological studies revealed a strong association, up to 65%, between endocarditis due to S. gallolyticus and colorectal malignancies. Whether S. gallolyticus infection is a cause or a consequence of colon cancer remains to be investigated. We previously showed that colonization of damaged cardiac valves with exposed collagen is mediated by the Pil1 pilus in S. gallolyticus. In the present work, we report that Pil1 is heterogeneously expressed at the single cell level, giving rise to two distinct bacterial subpopulations, a majority of weakly piliated cells and a minority of hyper-piliated cells. We have characterized, at the molecular level, a novel regulatory mechanism responsible for Pil1 heterogeneous expression combining phase variation in the leader peptide and transcriptional attenuation. Pili are highly immunogenic proteins proposed as vaccine candidate in pathogenic streptococci whose expression involves a fitness cost due to the selective pressure of host immune responses. Hence, this robust and simple system mitigates susceptibility to immune defenses while ensuring optimal colonization of host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Danne
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL 3526, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Dubrac
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL 3526, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL 3526, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL 3526, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Kato I, Boleij A, Kortman GAM, Roelofs R, Djuric Z, Severson RK, Tjalsma H. Partial associations of dietary iron, smoking and intestinal bacteria with colorectal cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:169-77. [PMID: 23441604 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.748922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and high red meat intake have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Increased iron exposure may be a common factor, favoring the colonization of certain bacterial pathogens that preferentially grow in an iron-rich luminal environment. We analyzed the data from a population-based case-control study of CRC and measured antibody levels against flagelin of Salmonella (FliC), one of the irontrophic bacteria, in 2 independent blood collections. The risk of CRC synergistically increased by combined exposures to heme iron intake and pack-yr (PY) of cigarette smoking (P value for the interaction = 0.039 on the continuous scale). There was a marginally significant interaction between heme iron intake and PY in increasing FliC antibody in the U.S. control subjects (P = 0.055), although no iron or smoking data were available for Dutch samples. Furthermore, FliC antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with colorectal polyps and cancer than in controls in both Dutch (3.93 vs. 2.23) (P = 0.014) and U.S. samples (6.65 vs. 4.37) (P < 0.001). Potential roles of iron from cigarette smoking and dietary heme in CRC through altering irontrophic luminal bacterial population may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Antonic V, Stojadinovic A, Kester KE, Weina PJ, Brücher BLDM, Protic M, Avital I, Izadjoo M. Significance of infectious agents in colorectal cancer development. J Cancer 2013; 4:227-40. [PMID: 23459622 PMCID: PMC3584836 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major burden to healthcare systems worldwide accounting for approximately one million of new cancer cases worldwide. Even though, CRC mortality has decreased over the last 20 years, it remains the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for approximately 600,000 deaths in 2008 worldwide. A multitude of risk factors have been linked to CRC, including hereditary factors, environmental factors and inflammatory syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, various pathogens were added to the growing list of risk factors for a number of common epithelial cancers, but despite the multitude of correlative studies, only suggestions remain about the possible relationship between selected viruses and bacteria of interest and the CRC risk. United States military service members are exposed to various risk factors impacting the incidence of cancer development. These exposures are often different from that of many sectors of the civilian population. Thereby, cancer risk identification, screening and early detection are imperative for both the military health care beneficiaries and the population as a whole. In this review, we will focus on several pathogens and their potential roles in development of CRC, highlighting the clinical trials evaluating this correlation and provide our personal opinion about the importance of risk reduction, health promotion and disease prevention for military health care beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlado Antonic
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 2. Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Stojadinovic
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 4. Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 5. United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kent E. Kester
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 7. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Weina
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 7. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Björn LDM Brücher
- 8. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA
- 9. International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®
| | - Mladjan Protic
- 5. United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 10. INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy, Munich, Germany
- 11. Clinic of Abdominal, Endocrine, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- 12. University of Novi Sad - Medical Faculty, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Itzhak Avital
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 8. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mina Izadjoo
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 2. Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dutilh BE, Backus L, van Hijum SAFT, Tjalsma H. Screening metatranscriptomes for toxin genes as functional drivers of human colorectal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27:85-99. [PMID: 23768555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The colonic mucosa is in constant physical interaction with a dense and complex bacterial community that comprises health-promoting and pathogenic microbes. Here, we highlight important clinical studies and experimental models that have linked the intestinal microbiota to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, we use recently published metatranscriptome sequencing data to test whether potentially carcinogenic toxin genes exhibit higher expression levels in human CRC tissue compared to adjacent non-malignant mucosa. Our analyses show a large variation in expression of toxin(-related) genes from different species. Surprisingly, Enterobacterial toxins were among the highest expressed, while Enterobacteria were not among the most abundant species in these samples. Although we can differentiate on- and off-tumour sites based on toxin reads, the read depth profiles are quite similar and show only limited coverage of the toxin genes. Thus, extended metagenomic studies are needed to obtain a high-resolution picture of host-pathogen interactions during human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas E Dutilh
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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The Role of Bacteria in Cancer Development. Infect Agent Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5955-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Tjalsma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (830), Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (N4i) and Radboud University Centre for Oncology (RUCO), Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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A bacterial driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer: beyond the usual suspects. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012; 10:575-82. [PMID: 22728587 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has long been considered a genetic disease. However, accumulating evidence supports the involvement of infectious agents in the development of cancer, especially in those organs that are continuously exposed to microorganisms, such as the large intestine. Recent next-generation sequencing studies of the intestinal microbiota now offer an unprecedented view of the aetiology of sporadic colorectal cancer and have revealed that the microbiota associated with colorectal cancer contains bacterial species that differ in their temporal associations with developing tumours. Here, we propose a bacterial driver-passenger model for microbial involvement in the development of colorectal cancer and suggest that this model be incorporated into the genetic paradigm of cancer progression.
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28
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[Is it necessary to identify the isolates of the Streptococcus bovis group correctly at subspecies level?]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:173-4. [PMID: 22405138 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Ivanov NA, Kholodok GN, Kulish ID. [Comparative analysis of antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients and carriers]. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1990; 13:719-24. [PMID: 2383142 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The data on antibiotic sensitivity of 38 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from children and 46 strains isolated from carriers are presented. The isolates from the carriers had significantly higher sensitivity to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, oleandomycin and lincomycin. Resistance to gentamicin was more frequent in the strains isolated from the carriers. Among the strains of S. pneumoniae isolated from the patients and carriers representatives of serovar K19 were more frequent. There were no statistically reliable difference in them by sensitivity to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, lincomycin and rifampicin. Still, the isolates from the carriers were much more sensitive to methicillin, oxacillin, oleandomycin and erythromycin.
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