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Maloney A, Kanaley JA. Short Sleep Duration Disrupts Glucose Metabolism: Can Exercise Turn Back the Clock? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:77-86. [PMID: 38608214 PMCID: PMC11168896 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Short sleep duration is prevalent in modern society and may be contributing to type 2 diabetes prevalence. This review will explore the effects of sleep restriction on glycemic control, the mechanisms causing insulin resistance, and whether exercise can offset changes in glycemic control. Chronic sleep restriction may also contribute to a decrease in physical activity leading to further health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Maloney
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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2
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Shang Q, Zhou J, Yao J, Feng C, Lou H, Cong D. Sleep duration and the risk of new-onset arthritis in middle-aged and older adult population: results from prospective cohort study in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1321860. [PMID: 38873298 PMCID: PMC11169742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1321860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pain and sleep disorders caused by arthritis are health issues that have been re-emphasized with the aging population. However, the majority of research on arthritis and sleep disorders has focused on cases that have already been diagnosed with arthritis. This research aims to explore the correlation between sleep duration and new-onset arthritis in middle-aged and older adult individuals. Methods Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from baseline (2011) to the Wave 3 follow-up (2018), we conducted a 7-year longitudinal investigation targeting populations with valid sleep questionnaire records and without arthritis. Sleep duration was assessed from nighttime sleep and daytime nap records. The new-onset of arthritis was determined based on self-reported diagnosis. We employed different logistic regression models to consider the potential impact of sleep duration on arthritis and conducted mediation analyses to assess the involvement of BMI in the association between sleep duration and the new-onset risk of arthritis. Results Out of the 6,597 individuals analyzed in the cohort, 586 (8.9%) were diagnosed with new-onset arthritis. Median sleep duration was notably shorter in the new-onset arthritis group (6.63 vs. 6.41 h, p < 0.05). There was a notable negative correlation found between new-onset risk of arthritis and sleep duration, with each Interquartile Range (IQR) increment in sleep leading to a 16% risk reduction (OR: 0.864; 95% CI: 0.784-0.954). Stratified analyses revealed BMI as a potential modifier in the sleep-arthritis relationship (P for interaction = 0.05). Mediation analyses further showed that about 3.5% of the association was mediated by BMI. Additionally, the inclusion of sleep duration improved the arthritis predictive power of our model, with an IDI of 0.105 (0.0203, 0.1898) and an NRI of 0.0013 (0.0004, 0.0022) after adding sleep duration to the basic model. Conclusion In the middle-aged and older adult demographic of China, increased sleep duration is associated with a decreased new-onset risk of arthritis, with BMI potentially playing a role in mediating this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shang
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Anorectal, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chaoqun Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijuan Lou
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Deyu Cong
- Department of Tuina, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Rogers EM, Banks NF, Jenkins NDM. The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3667. [PMID: 37269143 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fotbolcu H, Soysal P. Effect of insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness on cardiac functions in older adults. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:800-807. [PMID: 37414531 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the potential harmful effect in older adults of insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) on myocardial functions and electrophysiologic changes of the heart in terms of heart rate and QT intervals corrected for heart rate (QTc). METHODS The study included 32 insomnia patients and 30 control subjects. An Insomnia Severity Index score of ≥15 indicated insomnia, while a score of <8 was accepted as the control group. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to assess EDS, with a score of ≥11/24 points indicating EDS. Diastolic and systolic functions were evaluated in each patient by transthoracic two-dimensional, conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Heart rate and QTc were calculated for electrophysiologic changes. RESULTS The mean age was 73.2 ± 7.9 years, with 59.7% being female. Biventricular systolic and diastolic functions were impaired in the insomnia patients. The E' value for diastolic function was lower in the patients with insomnia than the controls (5.99 ± 1.59 vs. 6.88 ± 0.97, P = 0.053). Furthermore, values for the systolic function parameters Lateral-S (7.41 ± 1.92 vs. 9.37 ± 1.83, P < 0.001), Septal-S (6.69 ± 1.40 vs. 8.10 ± 1.30, P = 0.001), and Tricuspid-S (12.25 ± 2.00 vs. 14.37 ± 3.13, P = 0.004) were lower for insomnia patients than for controls. In the case of EDS coexistence, the heart rate and QTc values were higher than the controls (76.47 ± 7.18 vs. 71.03 ± 10.95, P = 0.001, and 413.72 ± 28.24 vs. 394.67 ± 24.47, P = 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSION Insomnia is associated with impaired systolic-diastolic functions, independent of EDS. The co-existence of insomnia and EDS may lead to electrophysiological changes in older adults, including increased heart rate and longer QTc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Fotbolcu
- Department of Cardiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roo Killick
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lachlan Stranks
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia.
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Singh P, Beyl RA, Stephens JM, Noland RC, Richard AJ, Boudreau A, Hebert RC, Ravussin E, Broussard JL, St-Onge MP, Marlatt KL. Effect of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women: A randomized crossover trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1204-1215. [PMID: 36998155 PMCID: PMC10191900 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep restriction (SR) on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 14 women underwent four nights of habitual sleep (HS, 100% normal sleep) and SR (60% of HS) while following a eucaloric diet. Outcomes included the following: (1) insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR); (2) resting metabolism and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry; and (3) glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations following a standard meal test. RESULTS Nine postmenopausal women (mean [SD], age 59 [4] years, BMI 28.0 [2.6] kg/m2 ) were analyzed. Accelerometer-determined total time in bed was 8.4 ± 0.6 hours during HS versus 5.0 ± 0.4 hours during SR (38% reduction, p < 0.0001). SR reduced low-dose insulin GIR by 20% (HS: 2.55 ± 0.22 vs. SR: 2.03 ± 0.20 mg/kg/min; p = 0.01) and high-dose insulin GIR by 12% (HS: 10.48 ± 0.72 vs. SR: 9.19 ± 0.72 mg/kg/min; p < 0.001). SR reduced fat oxidation during high-dose insulin infusion (p < 0.01), and it did not alter resting energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Four nights of SR reduced insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the role of insufficient sleep in metabolic dysfunction following menopause. Larger trials investigating how sleep disturbances cause metabolic dysfunction during menopause are needed across all stages of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Josiane L. Broussard
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Meyhöfer S, Chamorro R, Hallschmid M, Spyra D, Klinsmann N, Schultes B, Lehnert H, Meyhöfer SM, Wilms B. Late, but Not Early, Night Sleep Loss Compromises Neuroendocrine Appetite Regulation and the Desire for Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:2035. [PMID: 37432152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs. early part of the night on the regulation of hunger, appetite, and desire for food. METHODS Fifteen normal-weight ([mean ± SEM] body-mass index: 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2) healthy men were studied in a randomized, balanced, crossover design, including two conditions of sleep loss, i.e., 4 h sleep during the first night-half ('late-night sleep loss'), 4 h sleep during the second night-half ('early-night sleep loss'), and a control condition with 8h sleep ('regular sleep'), respectively. Feelings of hunger and appetite were assessed through visual analogue scales, and plasma ghrelin and leptin were measured from blood samples taken before, during, and after night-time sleep. RESULTS Ghrelin and feelings of hunger and appetite, as well as the desire for food, were increased after 'late-night sleep loss', but not 'early-night sleep loss', whereas leptin remained unaffected by the timing of sleep loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that timing of sleep restriction modulates the effects of acute sleep loss on ghrelin and appetite regulation in healthy men. 'Late-night sleep loss' might be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thereby, our findings highlight the metabolic relevance of chronobiological sleep timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen (IDM), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denisa Spyra
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nelli Klinsmann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Schultes
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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van Egmond LT, Meth EMS, Engström J, Ilemosoglou M, Keller JA, Vogel H, Benedict C. Effects of acute sleep loss on leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in adults with healthy weight and obesity: A laboratory study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:635-641. [PMID: 36404495 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether blood concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin are affected by acute total sleep deprivation in a sex- and weight-specific manner. METHODS A total of 44 participants (mean age 24.9 years; 20 women; 19 with obesity) participated in a crossover design, including one night of sleep deprivation and one night of sleep in the laboratory. After each night, fasting blood was collected. RESULTS After sleep deprivation, fasting levels of leptin were lower (mean [SE], vs. sleep: 17.3 [2.6] vs. 18.6 [2.8] ng/mL), whereas those of ghrelin and adiponectin were higher (839.4 [77.5] vs. 741.4 [63.2] pg/mL and 7.5 [0.6] vs. 6.8 [0.6] μg/mL, respectively; all p < 0.05). The changes in leptin and adiponectin following sleep loss were more pronounced among women. Furthermore, the ghrelin increase was stronger among those with obesity after sleep loss. Finally, the sleep loss-induced increase in adiponectin was more marked among normal-weight participants. CONCLUSIONS Acute sleep deprivation reduces blood concentrations of the satiety hormone leptin. With increased blood concentrations of ghrelin and adiponectin, such endocrine changes may facilitate weight gain if persisting over extended periods of sleep loss. The observed sex- and weight-specific differences in leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin call for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve T van Egmond
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sleep Science Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa M S Meth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Engström
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ilemosoglou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jasmin Annica Keller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Research Group Genetics of Obesity, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Perez-Diaz-del-Campo N, Castelnuovo G, Caviglia GP, Armandi A, Rosso C, Bugianesi E. Role of Circadian Clock on the Pathogenesis and Lifestyle Management in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235053. [PMID: 36501083 PMCID: PMC9736115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several features of the modern lifestyle, such as weekly schedules or irregular daily eating patterns, have become major drivers of global health problems, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sleep is an essential component of human well-being, and it has been observed that when circadian rhythms are disrupted, or when sleep quality decreases, an individual's overall health may worsen. In addition, the discrepancy between the circadian and social clock, due to weekly work/study schedules, is called social jetlag and has also been associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Current management of NAFLD is based on dietary intake and physical activity, with circadian preferences and other environmental factors also needing to be taken into account. In this regard, dietary approaches based on chrononutrition, such as intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have proven to be useful in realigning lifestyle behaviors with circadian biological rhythms. However, more studies are needed to apply these dietary strategies in the treatment of these patients. In this review, we focus on the impact of circadian rhythms and the role of sleep patterns on the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, as well as the consideration of chrononutrition for the precision nutrition management of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza—Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Kontou TG, Sargent C, Roach GD. A Week of Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect Nighttime Glucose Concentration in Healthy Adult Males When Slow-Wave Sleep Is Maintained. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6962. [PMID: 36146310 PMCID: PMC9500600 DOI: 10.3390/s22186962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this laboratory-based study was to examine the effect of sleep restriction on glucose regulation during nighttime sleep. Healthy males were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: 9 h in bed (n = 23, age = 24.0 year) or 5 h in bed (n = 18, age = 21.9 year). Participants had a baseline night with 9 h in bed (23:00-08:00 h), then seven nights of 9 h (23:00-08:00 h) or 5 h (03:00-08:00 h) in bed. Participants were mostly seated during the daytime but had three bouts of treadmill walking (4 km·h-1 for 10 min) at ~14:40 h, ~17:40 h, and ~20:40 h each day. On the baseline night and night seven, glucose concentration in interstitial fluid was assessed by using continuous glucose monitors, and sleep was assessed by using polysomnography. On night seven, compared to the 9 h group, the 5 h group obtained less total sleep (292 min vs. 465 min) and less REM sleep (81 min vs. 118 min), but their slow-wave sleep did not differ (119 min vs. 120 min), and their glucose concentration during sleep did not differ (5.1 mmol·L-1 vs. 5.1 mmol·L-1). These data indicate that sleep restriction does not cause elevated levels of circulating glucose during nighttime sleep when slow-wave sleep is maintained. In the future, it will be important to determine whether increased insulin is required to maintain circulating glucose at a normal level when sleep is restricted.
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The emerging importance of tackling sleep-diet interactions in lifestyle interventions for weight management. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:561-568. [PMID: 35603425 PMCID: PMC9340846 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200160x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep habits are directly related to risk of obesity, and this relationship may be partly mediated through food choices and eating behaviour. Short sleep duration, impaired sleep quality and suboptimal sleep timing are all implicated in weight gain and adverse cardiometabolic health, at least partly mediated through their associations with diet quality. Short-term sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake, and habitually short sleepers report dietary intakes that indicate a less healthy diet compared with adequate sleepers. Evidence is emerging that sleep extension interventions in short sleepers may reduce intake of sugars and overall energy intake. Poor sleep quality, night shift work patterns and social jetlag are also associated with lower diet quality and consumption of energy-dense foods. Incorporating sleep advice into weight management interventions may be more effective than energy-restricted diets and exercise advice alone. However, there are a lack of intervention studies that aim to lengthen sleep, improve sleep quality or adjust irregular sleep timing to investigate the impact on dietary intakes and eating behaviour in participants aiming to lose weight or maintain weight loss. Finally, future research should take account of individual characteristics such as age, sex, life stage and changing working practices when designing combined lifestyle interventions including sleep behaviour change for health and well-being.
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13
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Teo P, Henry BA, Moran LJ, Cowan S, Bennett C. The role of sleep in PCOS: what we know and what to consider in the future. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:305-318. [PMID: 35815469 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2082941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbance and clinical sleep conditions disrupt endocrine signals, energy expenditure and nutritional intake. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk of sleep disturbances and clinical conditions. It is possible that sleep may contribute to the exacerbation of PCOS. This review aims to explore the relationship between sleep and chronic disease, particularly in women with PCOS. AREAS COVERED This review narratively explores what sleep is, how to measure sleep and the possible mechanisms that support the link between sleep in adipose tissue deposition, insulin resistance and the presentation of PCOS. EXPERT OPINION Research shows that disturbed sleep and clinical sleep conditions disrupt energy expenditure. This may increase adipose tissue deposition and exacerbate insulin resistance which are known to worsen the presentation of PCOS. Further, sleep disturbance in women with PCOS may ameliorate any positive lifestyle changes made after diagnosis. Cognitive behavioural therapy interventions for sleep are a successful strategy for the management of sleep disturbances in the general population. However, such interventions are yet to be trialled in women with PCOS. Given the proposed implications, interventions to improve sleep could provide additional support for women with PCOS to successfully implement lifestyle strategies and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiseah Teo
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda A Henry
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roo Killick
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lachlan Stranks
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia.
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15
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Covassin N, Singh P, McCrady-Spitzer SK, St Louis EK, Calvin AD, Levine JA, Somers VK. Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake, Energy Expenditure, and Visceral Obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:1254-1265. [PMID: 35361348 PMCID: PMC9187217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the consequences of sleep deficiency for obesity risk are increasingly apparent, experimental evidence is limited and there are no studies on body fat distribution. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of experimentally-induced sleep curtailment in the setting of free access to food on energy intake, energy expenditure, and regional body composition. METHODS Twelve healthy, nonobese individuals (9 males, age range 19 to 39 years) completed a randomized, controlled, crossover, 21-day inpatient study comprising 4 days of acclimation, 14 days of experimental sleep restriction (4 hour sleep opportunity) or control sleep (9 hour sleep opportunity), and a 3-day recovery segment. Repeated measures of energy intake, energy expenditure, body weight, body composition, fat distribution and circulating biomarkers were acquired. RESULTS With sleep restriction vs control, participants consumed more calories (P = 0.015), increasing protein (P = 0.050) and fat intake (P = 0.046). Energy expenditure was unchanged (all P > 0.16). Participants gained significantly more weight when exposed to experimental sleep restriction than during control sleep (P = 0.008). While changes in total body fat did not differ between conditions (P = 0.710), total abdominal fat increased only during sleep restriction (P = 0.011), with significant increases evident in both subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat depots (P = 0.047 and P = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sleep restriction combined with ad libitum food promotes excess energy intake without varying energy expenditure. Weight gain and particularly central accumulation of fat indicate that sleep loss predisposes to abdominal visceral obesity. (Sleep Restriction and Obesity; NCT01580761).
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16
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Effects of sleep manipulation on markers of insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Robert M, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Shankland R, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Baudry J, Galan P, Hercberg S, Touvier M. Association between positive psychological traits and changes in dietary behaviour related to first COVID-19 lockdown: A general population-based study. Appetite 2021; 171:105885. [PMID: 34958832 PMCID: PMC8704735 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led many countries to implement lockdown measures, which resulted in changes in dietary behaviours that could persist over the long term and have associated health consequences. Psychological traits may impact these changes given their known association with dietary behaviours. We aimed to investigate in a population-based study, whether positive psychological traits were associated with changes of snacking behaviour and food consumption observed during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. Design In 2016, levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness and mastery were assessed in 33,766 adults of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. Snacking and food group consumption were assessed in April–May 2020. Association between psychological traits and changes (no change, increase, decrease) in snacking and food group consumption were assessed using logistic regressions. Multiple correspondence analysis followed by ascending hierarchical classification were used to derive clusters of dietary behaviours. Covariance analyses were used to compare mean scores of psychological traits between clusters. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Results Participants with higher levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness or mastery were less likely to change their snacking behaviour and food group consumption of various food groups. Individuals with lower levels were more likely to make changes, with either unhealthy (e.g., less fruits and vegetables, more processed meat) or healthy (e.g., more pasta/rice (whole-grain)) changes. Overall, individuals showed higher levels of positive psychological traits in the “no change” cluster, followed by the “healthy” and the “unhealthy” cluster (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Individuals with higher levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness or mastery were less impacted by the lockdown in terms of dietary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Robert
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- DIPHE Laboratory (Development, Individual, Personality, Handicap, Education), University Lumière Lyon 2, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Wei DYW, Chew M, Sabanayagam C. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Other Sleep Parameters and Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 34902078 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarise the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. To examine the effects of other sleep parameters on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema. To discuss the pathophysiology of diabetic eye changes and how it is related to obstructive sleep apnoea. RECENT FINDINGS Conflicting data exists in terms of the association of diabetic eye changes with sleep apnoea and/or other sleep parameters. Various cross-sectional studies show PDR to be associated with the prevalence of OSA. Patients who underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment were significantly less likely to develop pre/proliferative DR. Secondary sleep parameters generally are not associated with DR except for long duration of sleep. Differences in reporting could be due to the different thresholds set to define OSA/ODI and severity of DR/DME, in addition to factors used in multivariate analysis. There is a need for further studies with long-term follow-up and to assess the impact of CPAP on the development and progression of diabetic eye change(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Yong Wei Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Merwyn Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, JurongHealth, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Wearable technology has a history in sleep research dating back to the 1970s. Because modern wearable technology is relatively cheap and widely used by the general population, this represents an opportunity to leverage wearable devices to advance sleep medicine and research. However, there is a lack of published validation studies designed to quantify device performance against accepted gold standards, especially across different populations. Recommendations for conducting performance assessments and using wearable devices are now published with the goal of standardizing wearable device implementation and advancing the field.
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Soltanieh S, Solgi S, Ansari M, Santos HO, Abbasi B. Effect of sleep duration on dietary intake, desire to eat, measures of food intake and metabolic hormones: A systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:55-65. [PMID: 34620371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleep, as well as diet and physical activity, plays a significant role in growth, maturation, health, and regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a possible causal association between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and food consumption, energy intake, anthropometric characteristics, and appetite-regulating hormones by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2020. The search was conducted with the following words: "Sleep Duration", "Circadian Rhythm", "Sleep Disorders" in combination with "Obesity", "Overweight", "Abdominal Obesity", "Physical Activity", "Energy Intake", "Body Mass Index", "Lipid Metabolism", "Caloric Restriction", Leptin, "Weight Gain", and "Appetite Regulation" using human studies.methods RESULTS: After screening 708 abstracts, 50 RCTs (7 on children or adolescents and 43 on adults) were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In general, the findings suggested that sleep restriction may leads to a significant increment in energy intake, fat intake, body weight, appetite, hunger, eating occasions, and portion size, while protein and carbohydrate consumption, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient remained unaffected as a result of sleep restriction. Serum leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by sleep duration as well. CONCLUSION Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Solgi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ansari
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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What Is the Impact of Energy Expenditure on Energy Intake? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103508. [PMID: 34684509 PMCID: PMC8539813 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling energy intake (EI) to increases in energy expenditure (EE) may be adaptively, compensatorily, or maladaptively leading to weight gain. This narrative review examines if functioning of the homeostatic responses depends on the type of physiological perturbations in EE (e.g., due to exercise, sleep, temperature, or growth), or if it is influenced by protein intake, or the extent, duration, timing, and frequency of EE. As different measures to increase EE could convey discrepant neuronal or humoral signals that help to control food intake, the coupling of EI to EE could be tight or loose, which implies that some ways to increase EE may have advantages for body weight regulation. Exercise, physical activity, heat exposure, and a high protein intake favor weight loss, whereas an increase in EE due to cold exposure or sleep loss likely contributes to an overcompensation of EI, especially in vulnerable thrifty phenotypes, as well as under obesogenic environmental conditions, such as energy dense high fat—high carbohydrate diets. Irrespective of the type of EE, transient elevations in the metabolic rate seem to be general risk factors for weight gain, because a subsequent decrease in energy requirement is not compensated by an adequate adaptation of appetite and EI.
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23
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Porter JW, Pettit-Mee RJ, Emerson TS, McCrae CS, Lastra G, Vieira-Potter VJ, Parks EJ, Kanaley JA. Modest sleep restriction does not influence steps, physical activity intensity or glucose tolerance in obese adults. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13381. [PMID: 33949729 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) (<6 h) and physical activity (PA) are risk factors for obesity, but little work has examined the inter-related influences of both risk factors. In a free-living environment, 13 overweight/obese adults were sleep restricted for five nights to 6 h time-in-bed each night, with and without regular exercise (45 min/65% VO2 max; counterbalanced design). Two days of recovery sleep followed SR. Subjects were measured during a mixed meal tolerance test (MMT), resting metabolic rate, cognitive testing and fat biopsy (n=8). SR increased peak glucose response (+7.3 mg/dl, p = .04), elevated fasting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (+0.1 mmol/L, p = .001) and enhanced fat oxidation (p < .001) without modifying step counts or PA intensity. Inclusion of daily exercise increased step count (+4,700 steps/day, p < .001) and decreased the insulin response to a meal (p = .01) but did not prevent the increased peak glucose response or elevated NEFA levels. The weekend recovery period improved fasting glucose (p = .02), insulin (p = .02), NEFA concentrations (p = .001) and HOMA-IR (p < .01) despite reduced steps (p < .01) and increased sedentary time (p < .01). Abdominal adipose tissue (AT) samples, obtained after baseline, SR and exercise, did not differ in lipolytic capacity following SR. Fatty acid synthase protein content tended to increase following SR (p = .07), but not following exercise. In a free-living setting, SR adversely affected circulating NEFAs, fuel oxidation and peak glucose response but did not directly affect glucose tolerance or AT lipolysis. SR-associated metabolic impairments were not mitigated by exercise, yet recovery sleep completely rescued its adverse effects on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Porter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Travis S Emerson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christina S McCrae
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guido Lastra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Aslan Çin NN, Yardimci H. Association of total energy intake, diet quality and sleep disorders in university-term female students. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Taber JM, Cribbet MR, Cadmus-Bertram L, Mays D, Smith MEB, Rana B, Paljarvi T. Associations Among Sleep and Cancer Risk Behaviors: a Scoping Review of Experimental Studies in Healthy Adult Populations. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:162-176. [PMID: 32405919 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Links among poor sleep and cancer risk behaviors have been largely overlooked in the context of cancer prevention and behavioral medicine. The goal of this scoping review was to determine the extent and nature of experimental studies conducted with healthy adult populations that tested the associations among poor sleep and cancer risk behaviors. METHOD Electronic databases and major sleep journals were searched to identify experimental studies in healthy adult samples published through January 2018. Studies examined associations among eight pairings of manipulated behaviors and outcomes ("independent variable (IV)-outcome pairs"): the impact of sleep manipulations on physical activity (PA), diet, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use outcomes; and the impact of PA, diet, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use manipulations on sleep outcomes. Studies were characterized in terms of sample characteristics; study design; IV type, dose, and duration; and outcome measurement and duration. RESULTS Abstracts of 5697 papers and 345 full texts were screened. Eighty-eight studies describing 125 comparisons met inclusion criteria. Only two studies tested the association between tobacco use and sleep; none tested whether sleep influenced alcohol consumption. Sample sizes were typically small, most studies used crossover designs, and studies tended to include younger and more male participants. Within each IV-outcome pair, there was substantial heterogeneity in how behaviors were manipulated, outcome measurement, and type of control group. Few studies assessed mechanisms. CONCLUSION There is a need for larger experimental studies with more representative samples. Overall, heterogeneity and limitations in study designs make it difficult to synthesize evidence across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Taber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.
| | - Matthew R Cribbet
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Lisa Cadmus-Bertram
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Darren Mays
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - M E Beth Smith
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97237-3098, USA.,Legacy Health Systems, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Brinda Rana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tapio Paljarvi
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
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Mosavat M, Mirsanjari M, Arabiat D, Smyth A, Whitehead L. The Role of Sleep Curtailment on Leptin Levels in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Obes Facts 2021; 14:214-221. [PMID: 33756469 PMCID: PMC8138234 DOI: 10.1159/000514095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has identified sleep as a significant, but modifiable, risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived peptide and a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, has been shown to be associated with a short sleep duration in the pathophysiology of obesity and consequently type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the current evidence indicating the effects of a short sleep duration on the regulation of leptin concentration in association with obesity and diabetes mellitus. In summary, the evidence suggests that sleep deprivation, by affecting leptin regulation, may lead to obesity and consequently development of type 2 diabetes through increased appetite and food intake. However, findings on the role of leptin in diabetes due to sleep deprivation are contradictory, and further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosavat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia,
| | - Mitra Mirsanjari
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Diana Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
- Maternal and Child Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aisling Smyth
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Washington, Australia
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Abstract
The endogenous timekeeping system evolved to anticipate the time of the day through the 24 hours cycle of the Earth's rotation. In mammals, the circadian clock governs rhythmic physiological and behavioral processes, including the daily oscillation in glucose metabolism, food intake, energy expenditure, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. The results from a series of studies have demonstrated that environmental or genetic alterations of the circadian cycle in humans and rodents are strongly associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that astrocyte clocks have a crucial role in regulating molecular, physiological, and behavioral circadian rhythms such as glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Given the concurrent high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and circadian disruption, understanding the mechanisms underlying glucose homeostasis regulation by the circadian clock and its dysregulation may improve glycemic control. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the tight interconnection between the timekeeping system, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. We focus specifically on the involvement of astrocyte clocks, at the organism, cellular, and molecular levels, in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barca-Mayo
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sweeney EL, Peart DJ, Ellis JG, Walshe IH. Impairments in glycaemic control do not increase linearly with repeated nights of sleep restriction in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1091-1096. [PMID: 33721507 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests reduced glycaemic control following sleep restriction in healthy individuals. However, it remains unknown if impairments in glycaemic control increase with each additional night of sleep restriction in a linear manner. This randomised crossover study aimed to determine if the impairment in glycaemic control increases with each additional night of sleep restriction. Ten healthy individuals underwent 4 nights of control sleep (8 hours in bed) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (4 hours in bed) in a sleep laboratory. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted each morning. Serum glucose and insulin were measured. Glucose and insulin area under the curve were higher overall in the sleep restriction trial compared with control (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033); however, no effect of day (p = 0.620 and p = 0.863) or interaction effect (p = 0.152 and p = 0.285) were observed. This supports previous literature showing a detrimental impact of sleep restriction on glucose regulation. The present findings, however, suggest the impairment in glycaemic control does not increase in a linear manner with an increasing number of nights of sleep restriction. This may have implications for the design of future studies examining sleep restriction and glycaemic control. Novelty: Four nights of sleep restriction impaired glycaemic control in healthy individuals, but did not do so in a linear manner. No effect of number of nights of restriction was found for glucose or insulin, which may have implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Peart
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jason G Ellis
- Northumbria Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Walshe
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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29
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The influence of acute partial sleep deprivation on liking, choosing and consuming high- and low-energy foods. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Nymo S, Kleppe MM, Coutinho SR, Rehfeld JF, Kulseng B, Martins C. Association between habitual sleep duration/quality and appetite markers in individuals with obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 232:113345. [PMID: 33524425 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess if habitual sleep duration/quality was associated with appetite in individuals with obesity, and if the association was modulated by sex. METHODS Sleep duration/quality was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in 95 healthy adults with obesity (BMI: 36.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2). Subjective feelings of appetite were assessed using visual analogue scales, and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin, total peptide YY, active glucagon-like peptide 1, cholecystokinin (CCK) and insulin were measured in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 h after a meal. RESULTS No significant associations were found between sleep duration, or overall quality, and appetite in all participants. However, a worse sleep efficiency was associated with lower postprandial CCK, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower postprandial desire to eat and a lower daytime dysfunction was associated with higher prospective food consumption in fasting (P<0.05, for all). In males, a shorter habitual sleep duration and a worse subjective sleep quality were associated with increased basal and postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Also, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower basal and postprandial insulin (P<0.05 for both) and a worse overall sleep quality with lower postprandial insulin (P<0.05). In females, a worse overall sleep quality was associated with lower postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05), and short habitual sleep with higher postprandial insulin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A worse habitual sleep efficiency is associated with blunted postprandial CCK secretion in individuals with obesity. The association between habitual sleep duration/quality and insulin and active ghrelin seems to be modulated by sex, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Nymo
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway.
| | - Malin M Kleppe
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silvia R Coutinho
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bård Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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31
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological systems that synchronize cellular circadian oscillators with the organism's daily feeding-fasting or rest-activity cycles in mammals. Circadian rhythms regulate nutrient absorption and utilization at the cellular level and are closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. Bile acids are important modulators that facilitate nutrient absorption and regulate energy metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current connections and future perspectives between the circadian clock and bile acid metabolism as well as related metabolic diseases. Feeding and fasting cycles influence bile acid pool size and composition, and bile acid signaling can respond to acute lipid and glucose utilization and mediate energy balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms such as shift work, irregular diet, and gene mutations can contribute to altered bile acid metabolism and heighten obesity risk. High-fat diets, alcohol, and gene mutations related to bile acid signaling result in desynchronized circadian rhythms. Gut microbiome also plays a role in connecting circadian rhythms with bile acid metabolism. The underlying mechanism of how circadian rhythms interact with bile acid metabolism has not been fully explored. Sustaining bile acid homeostasis based on circadian rhythms may be a potential therapy to alleviate metabolic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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32
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Lin J, Jiang Y, Wang G, Meng M, Zhu Q, Mei H, Liu S, Jiang F. Associations of short sleep duration with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13051. [PMID: 32537891 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize and assess whether short sleep duration is associated with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokine levels. Reference databases were searched for studies related to sleep and appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the level of appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines, including leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and orexin. Twenty-one of 3536 studies, covering a total of 2250 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin were included in the meta-analysis. Ghrelin levels were higher in the short sleep group (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.14, 95% CI [0.03, 0.25], p = 0.01). Significant differences between the short sleep group and recommended sleep group were also noted in leptin level experimental subgroup studies (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.03, 0.35], p = 0.02) and ghrelin level cross-sectional subgroup studies (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.02, 0.27], p = 0.03). A rise in leptin and ghrelin levels were also observed in sleep deprivation groups (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.10, 0.39], p = 0.001 and SMD = 0.18, 95% CI [0.04, 0.33], p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, short sleep duration is associated with an increased ghrelin level, while sleep deprivation had a significant effect on the levels of both leptin and ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shijian Liu
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Fenton S, Burrows TL, Skinner JA, Duncan MJ. The influence of sleep health on dietary intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:273-285. [PMID: 33001515 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor dietary intake increases disease risk, and poor sleep influences diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep health on dietary intake in adults. METHODS Five online databases were used to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019. Included studies were interventions that modified sleep and reported dietary outcomes. RESULTS Fifty four full texts were assessed and 24 publications were included. Following risk of bias appraisal, data were narratively summarised and a sub-group of studies (n = 15) was meta-analysed to determine the effect of sleep on dietary intake. One intervention modified sleep timing and 23 modified duration. Sleep duration was partially restricted (≤5.5 h night-1 ) (n = 16), totally restricted (n = 4), partially and totally restricted (n = 1), and extended (n = 2). Dietary outcomes were energy intake (n = 24), carbohydrate, fat, protein intake (n = 20), single nutrient intake (n = 5), diet quality (n = 1) and food types (n = 1). Meta-analysis indicated partial sleep restriction results in higher energy intake in intervention compared with control [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21-0.52; P < 0.001], with a mean difference of 204 kcal (95% CI = 112-295; P < 0.001) in daily energy intake, and a higher percentage of energy from fat, protein, carbohydrate (fat: SMD = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16-0.51; P < 0.001; protein: SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.12-0.47, P = 0.001; carbohydrate: SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.04-0.39, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Partial sleep restriction with duration of ≤5.5 h day-1 increases daily energy intake, as well as fat, protein and carbohydrate intake. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between other dimensions of sleep health and dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fenton
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - T L Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - J A Skinner
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M J Duncan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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34
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Sasaki N, Yamamoto H, Ozono R, Maeda R, Kihara Y. Sleeping Difficulty and Subjective Short Sleep Duration are Associated with Serum N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in the Elderly Population. Intern Med 2020; 59:2213-2219. [PMID: 32536642 PMCID: PMC7578600 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4470-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well known that poor sleep increases the risk of heart failure (HF). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of poor sleep with hemodynamic stress on the left ventricle, which was a key factor for the development of HF in elderly individuals. Methods A total of 2,301 participants (≥65 years old) without cardiac disease were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis. We evaluated the subjective sleep quality, sleeping difficulty, subjective sleep duration, use of sleeping pills, and daytime dysfunction using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a 19-item self-reported questionnaire. We assessed serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a marker of hemodynamic stress on the left ventricle, and we defined high NT-proBNP as a serum NT-proBNP level ≥ 125 pg/mL. Results Sleeping difficulty was significantly associated with high NT-proBNP levels [odds ratio (OR), 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.85; p<0.005]. A subjective short sleep duration was also significantly associated with high NT-proBNP levels (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03-2.75; p<0.05). A subjective poor sleep quality, the use of sleeping pills, and daytime dysfunction were not associated with serum NT-proBNP levels. All data were adjusted for the age, sex, body mass index, serum hemoglobin concentration, serum creatinine level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medications. Conclusion Poor sleep was associated with high hemodynamic stress to the left ventricle in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sasaki
- Health Management and Promotion Center, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council, Japan
| | - Hideya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Morphology, School of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ozono
- Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryo Maeda
- Health Management and Promotion Center, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
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35
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Maternal Sleep Quality is Associated with Personal and Parenting Weight-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155312. [PMID: 32718007 PMCID: PMC7432550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mothers of young children tend to report poor-quality sleep, yet little is known about links between maternal sleep quality and weight-related behaviors and parenting practices. Thus, mothers of preschoolers completed an online cross-sectional survey assessing their sleep, physical activity, dietary behaviors, eating styles, child feeding practices, family meal behaviors, and health parameters. Comparisons by sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index item (i.e., very bad/bad, n = 87; fair, n = 255; and good/very good, n = 193) revealed mothers with poor-quality sleep had weight-related behaviors associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (lower physical activity, fewer fruits/vegetables, more emotional and disinhibited eating). Poor-quality sleepers also engaged in parenting practices contrary to recommendations, such as less frequent modeling of healthy eating and physical activity, more control of child feeding, and fewer family meals. Mothers reporting poor-quality sleep tended to have lower parenting self-efficacy, poorer overall health status, more days of poor mental and physical health, greater depression, more stress, and higher BMIs. Future nutrition research should establish the directionality between sleep quality and health behaviors. Future interventions should help mothers develop strategies for improving sleep quality, such as increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, and helping mothers realize how their sleep quality may affect parenting practices.
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36
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Wilms B, Kuhr M, Chamorro R, Klinsmann N, Spyra D, Mölle M, Kalscheuer H, Schultes B, Lehnert H, Schmid SM. Chronobiological aspects of sleep restriction modulate subsequent spontaneous physical activity. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Zuraikat FM, Makarem N, Liao M, St-Onge MP, Aggarwal B. Measures of Poor Sleep Quality Are Associated With Higher Energy Intake and Poor Diet Quality in a Diverse Sample of Women From the Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014587. [PMID: 32063123 PMCID: PMC7070194 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Poor sleep increases cardiovascular disease risk, and diet likely contributes to this relationship. However, there are limited epidemiological data on the relationship between measures of sleep quality and habitual dietary patterns. This study examined these associations in a diverse sample of women. Methods and Results Baseline data from 495 participants in the AHA Go Red for Women prospective cohort study (age: 20–76 years; 61% racial/ethnic minority) were examined. Sleep quality and sleep‐onset latency were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index. The validated Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess diet quantity and quality. Linear regression models adjusted for confounding variables tested relationships between sleep and diet variables. Results showed that higher PSQI scores, indicative of poorer sleep quality, were associated with lower unsaturated fat intake (β=−0.14, P<0.05) and higher food weight (β=14.9, P=0.02) and added sugars consumed (β=0.44, P=0.04). Women with sleep‐onset latency >60 minutes had higher intakes of food by weight (β=235.2, P<0.01) and energy (β=426, P<0.01), and lower intakes of whole grains (β=−0.37, P=0.01) than women with sleep‐onset latency ≤15 minutes. Greater insomnia severity was associated with higher food weight (β=9.4, P=0.02) and energy (β=17, P=0.01) consumed and lower total (β=−0.15, P=0.01) and unsaturated fat intakes (β=−0.11, P<0.01). Conclusions Poor sleep quality was associated with greater food intake and lower‐quality diet, which can increase cardiovascular disease risk. Future studies should test whether promoting sleep quality could augment efforts to improve cardiometabolic health in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.,Sleep Center of Excellence Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.,Sleep Center of Excellence Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Ming Liao
- Department of Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.,Sleep Center of Excellence Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.,Sleep Center of Excellence Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY
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38
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Tajiri E, Yoshimura E, Hatamoto Y, Shiratsuchi H, Tanaka S, Shimoda S. Acute Sleep Curtailment Increases Sweet Taste Preference, Appetite and Food Intake in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10020047. [PMID: 32024073 PMCID: PMC7071396 DOI: 10.3390/bs10020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of acute sleep curtailment on sweet taste preference, appetite and food intake, and the correlation between food intake and sweet taste preference or active ghrelin using a randomized crossover design (5 h sleep curtailment vs. 8 h control). Twenty-four participants (11 men) aged 21.4 ± 1.0 years, with BMI 19.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2, who habitually slept 5 h/night or more experienced interventions lasting three consecutive nights. Participants came into the laboratory for testing on day 4. Fasting blood tests were conducted at 8:00 a.m. to measure active ghrelin and leptin levels. Sweet taste preference was assessed by presenting five different concentration sucrose solutions at 9:00 a.m. Ad libitum intake at breakfast was assessed for 30 min from 9:30 a.m. Sweet taste preference was higher following sleep curtailment than control. Active ghrelin was likewise higher following sleep curtailment than control. Leptin did not differ between conditions. Energy intake was higher following sleep curtailment than control, being derived primarily from carbohydrates. However, sweet taste preference and active ghrelin did not correlate with energy intake. These results suggest that acute consecutive sleep curtailment increases sweet taste preference, active ghrelin, and energy intake in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tajiri
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan;
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-096-383-2929 x 454
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Hideki Shiratsuchi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Seiya Shimoda
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
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39
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Burrows T, Fenton S, Duncan M. Diet and sleep health: a scoping review of intervention studies in adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:308-329. [PMID: 31985886 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has demonstrated an association between dietary intake and sleep health that can influence chronic disease risk factors. A scoping review of research studies investigating dietary intake and sleep was undertaken to determine the extent and scope of research in laboratory-based, free-living and mixed settings. Additionally, this review determines how well subpopulations and geographical locations are represented and the methodologies used to assess outcome measures. METHODS Five online databases were used to identify papers published between 1970 and 2017. Included studies were those conducted in adults and reported both outcomes of interest: (i) sleep health, including sleep restriction and sleep hygiene and (ii) dietary outcomes, including altered nutrients, dietary patterns and supplements. RESULTS In total, 129 publications were included with the majority being dietary interventions investigating sleep outcomes (n = 109) with fewer being sleep interventions investigating and reporting dietary outcomes (n = 20). Dietary interventions were most often carried out in free-living environments, in contrast to sleep interventions that were most often carried out in laboratory-based environments. The majority of dietary interventions investigated use of a supplement (n = 66 studies), which was predominantly caffeine (n = 49). Sleep interventions investigated sleep duration only, with the majority (n = 17) investigating the effect of partial sleep restriction under 5.5 h per night on dietary intake, while three studies investigating total sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Investigating broader aspects of dietary such as overall diet quality and dietary patterns and other components of sleep health such as quality, timing and sleep hygiene are important aspects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burrows
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Physical Activity and Nutrition, Priority Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Fenton
- Physical Activity and Nutrition, Priority Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M Duncan
- Physical Activity and Nutrition, Priority Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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40
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Evaluation of Nocturnal Respiratory Complaints in Pregnant Women. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 31916232 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Snoring during pregnancy increases the risk of low Apgar score and low birth weight of newborns. Snoring women are twice as likely to be diagnosed as having preeclampsia when compared to non-snoring ones. Snoring may also be linked to, albeit it is not a prerequisite for, apneic events at sleep. The aim of this survey-type study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of nocturnal respiratory complaints in a group of 312 pregnant women. Problems associated with snoring and other nasopharyngeal symptoms were reported by 60% of women. Complaints were more frequent in patients with a higher body mass index. The symptoms were significantly more frequent in the group of snorers. The results of this study suggest a pattern of basic features in pregnancy, such as snoring, overweight, and upper airway symptoms, which all ought to direct attention of care givers to the diagnostics of sleep-related breathing disorders. The early diagnosis would enable to undertake the measures to prevent preterm labor and to avoid postpartum complications in both mother and newborn.
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41
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Meng M, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Wang G, Lin Q, Sun W, Song Y, Dong S, Deng Y, Rong T, Zhu Q, Mei H, Jiang F. Effect of maternal sleep in late pregnancy on leptin and lipid levels in umbilical cord blood. Sleep Med 2019; 77:376-383. [PMID: 32839086 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the impact of maternal sleep in late pregnancy on birth weight (BW) and leptin and lipid levels in umbilical cord blood. STUDY DESIGN A total of 277 healthy and singleton pregnancy women were recruited for participation in the Shanghai Sleep Birth Cohort Study (SSBC) during their 36-38 weeks of pregnancy, from May 2012 to July 2013. Maternal night sleep time (NST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL) and the percentage of wake after sleep onset (WASO) in NST and midpoint of sleep (MSF) were measured by actigraphy for seven consecutive days. The leptin and lipid levels were determined in cord blood samples collected from the umbilical vein immediately after delivery. Birth information (birth weight, gender, delivery type, etc.) was extracted from medical records. A multivariable linear regression model was applied to examine the effect of maternal sleep in late pregnancy on newborn leptin and lipid levels in umbilical cord blood. RESULTS A total of 177 women and their infants were included in the analysis. Maternal mean NST was 7.03 ± 1.10 h in late pregnancy, and 48% had a shorter sleep time (NST < 7 h). The average maternal SE was 72.54% ± 9.66%. The mean percentage WASO/NST was 21.62% ± 9.98%; the average MSF was about 3:34 (0:53); and the SOL was 46.78 ± 36.00 min. After adjustment for confounders, both maternal NST and SE were found to be significantly associated with triglyceride levels (β = -0.219, p = 0.006; β = -0.224, p = 0.006) in umbilical cord blood; and maternal NST was also observed to have positive association with newborn leptin levels (β = 0.146, p = 0.047). However, we did not find significant association between other maternal sleep parameters in late pregnancy and leptin and lipid levels and birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality during late pregnancy were associated with newborn leptin and lipid levels, and efforts on improving maternal sleep during late pregnancy should be advocated for children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmin Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Song
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumei Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu Rong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Child Health, Shanghai, China.
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Bennett CJ, Cain SW, Blumfield ML. Monounsaturated fat intake is associated with improved sleep quality in pregnancy. Midwifery 2019; 78:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Szczygiel EJ, Cho S, Tucker RM. Multiple Dimensions of Sweet Taste Perception Altered after Sleep Curtailment. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2015. [PMID: 31461917 PMCID: PMC6770090 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Short sleep duration increases preferences for high-carbohydrate and high-fat foods. It is unclear if insufficient sleep-induced changes in food preference are mediated by changes in taste perception and if these changes are related to sweetener type (sucrose or sucralose) or sweet liking phenotype. The primary objective of this study was to determine if sleep curtailment results in changes in sweet taste perception after sleep curtailment. Forty participants used a single-channel electroencephalograph to record both a habitual and curtailed night (33% reduction) of sleep at home. The following morning, multiple dimensions of sweet taste perception were measured, including preferred sweetener concentrations, patterns of sweet liking, and intensity perception over a range of concentrations. After curtailment, a significant increase in preferred concentration for both sucrose and sucralose (p < 0.001 for both) was observed. The slope of sucrose sweet liking increased after curtailment (p = 0.001). The slope of sucralose liking also increased, but this was not significant (p = 0.129). Intensity perception of the sweeteners was not altered by curtailment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify participants by sweet liking phenotype. Phenotypes were found to predict preferred sweetener concentration. These findings illustrate a possible need to control for sleep in food sensory studies and suggest a potential mechanism by which insufficient sleep can lead to excess energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Szczygiel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sungeun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Henst RHP, Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Rae DE. The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12865. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob H. P. Henst
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Paula R. Pienaar
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Dale E. Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Balieiro LCT, Gontijo CA, Fahmy WM, Maia YCP, Crispim CA. Does sleep influence weight gain during pregnancy? A prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 12:156-164. [PMID: 31890090 PMCID: PMC6932844 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the associations between subjective sleep quality and duration and weight gain during pregnancy. Methods A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted with 63 pregnant women. Pregnant women were evaluated at the first, second and third trimester for subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and anthropometric variables for body mass index [BMI] calculation. The sleep quality was grouped per cluster, identifying those individuals who maintained, improved or worsened their sleep quality, based on the PSQI classifications. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the association between sleep and BMI over the pregnancy period. Results An effect of the interaction between time of pregnancy and clusters of sleep quality was observed on the BMI (p<0.05), which indicates that pregnant women who improved subjective sleep quality during pregnancy gained more weight from the second to third trimester, while those that worsened the subjective sleep quality gained more weight during the first to second trimester. Sleep duration was not associated with weight gain. However, pregnant women who maintained the same BMI category over the pregnancy period increased their sleep duration from the first to third trimester, while those that increased the BMI category slept the same amount of time during this period (median=1.0 [0.0-2.0] and median=0.0 [-2.0-1.0], respectively, p=0.039). Conclusions The authors concluded that a worse subjective sleep quality seems to lead to an inadequate weight gain distribution during the period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walid Makin Fahmy
- Hospital and Municipal Maternity of Uberlandia, Department of Obstetrics - Uberlandia - MG - Brazil
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47
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Noise-induced sleep disruption increases weight gain and decreases energy metabolism in female rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1759-1768. [PMID: 30568267 PMCID: PMC6584067 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives: Inadequate sleep increases obesity and environmental noise contributes to poor sleep. However, women may be more vulnerable to noise and hence more susceptible to sleep disruption-induced weight gain than men. In male rats, exposure to environmental (i.e. ambient) noise disrupts sleep and increases feeding and weight gain. However, the effects of environmental noise on sleep and weight gain in female rats are unknown. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether noise exposure would disturb sleep, increase feeding and weight gain and alter the length of the estrous cycle in female rats. Subjects/methods: Female rats (12-weeks old) were exposed to noise for 17d (8h/d during the light period) to determine the effects of noise on weight gain and food intake. In a separate set of females, estrous cycle phase and length, EEG, EMG, spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure were recorded continuously for 27d during baseline (control, 9d), noise exposure (8h/d, 9d) and recovery (9d) from sleep disruption. Results: Noise exposure significantly increased weight gain and food intake compared to females that slept undisturbed. Noise also significantly increased wakefulness, reduced sleep and resulted in rebound sleep during the recovery period. Total energy expenditure was significantly lower during both noise exposure and recovery due to lower energy expenditure during spontaneous physical activity and sleep. Notably, noise did not alter the estrous cycle length. Conclusions: As previously observed in male rats, noise exposure disrupted sleep and increased weight gain in females but did not alter the length of the estrous cycle. This is the first demonstration of weight gain in female rats during sleep disruption. We conclude that the sleep disruption caused by exposure to environmental noise is a significant tool for determining how sleep loss contributes to obesity in females.
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Wang X, Greer J, Porter RR, Kaur K, Youngstedt SD. Short-Term Moderate Sleep Restriction Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy Adults. Sleep Health 2018; 2:63-68. [PMID: 28819636 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND PURPOSE The literature suggests that severe sleep loss of more than a few hours a night decreases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether moderate sleep restriction had similar effects. METHODS Fifteen healthy non-obese (BMI=24.5±3.4 kg/m2) young adults (20.6±1.3 years) completed two 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): one was after 3 days of time-in-bed restriction by 1-3 hours each night, and the other was after 3 days of ad libitum sleep. Glucose and insulin concentrations during OGTT, and fasting glucagon and cortisol concentrations were determined. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Matsuda index, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS The total time-in-bed during the sleep restriction and the ad libitum phase was 5.98±0.76 and 7.98±0.54 hours/day, and total sleep time was 5.16±0.49 and 6.65±0.64 hours/day, respectively. Glucose concentrations before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes following consumption of glucose and area under the curve were not different for the two OGTT (p > 0.10 for all). Insulin concentration at fasting and area under the curve during the OGTT were significantly higher (p = 0.034 and 0.038, respectively) following restricted sleep than following ad libitum sleep. Fasting glucagon concentration was also higher (p = 0.003). The HOMA-IR, Matsuda index, and QUICKI all suggested decreased insulin sensitivity following restricted sleep. CONCLUSION Short-term moderate sleep restriction reduced insulin sensitivity compared to ad libitum sleep in this group of healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Julian Greer
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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49
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Maugeri A, Medina-Inojosa JR, Kunzova S, Agodi A, Barchitta M, Sochor O, Lopez-Jimenez F, Geda YE, Vinciguerra M. Sleep Duration and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Are Associated with Obesity Independent of Diet and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091219. [PMID: 30177634 PMCID: PMC6164828 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, Czech Republic ranks 3rd and 6th for the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Worldwide, short sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) characterize obese subjects, which in turn exhibit scarce physical activity and unhealthy diet. We aimed to understand the relationship between irregular sleep patterns, obesity and lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, in a vulnerable Czech population. 1482 members of the Kardiovize cohort, a random sample of the Czech urban population, were included in a cross-sectional study. Exposure variables included self-reported sleep duration and EDS, assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Primary outcomes were BMI and waist-to-hip ratio or prevalence of obesity and central obesity. Covariates included physical activity and diet. Associations and interactions between variables were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. After adjustment for covariates, short sleep duration (<7 h) was associated with greater odds of overweight (BMI > 25; OR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.06⁻1.90; p = 0.020) and obesity (BMI > 30; OR = 1.40; 95%CI = 1.02⁻1.94; p = 0.047), while EDS was associated with greater odds of central obesity (OR = 1.72; 95%CI = 1.06⁻2.79; p = 0.030), independent of diet and physical activity. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, further prospective, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the etiological link and causality between sleep disturbances and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Jose R Medina-Inojosa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ondrej Sochor
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.
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50
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Sleep Duration and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Are Associated with Obesity Independent of Diet and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 30177634 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091219.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, Czech Republic ranks 3rd and 6th for the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Worldwide, short sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) characterize obese subjects, which in turn exhibit scarce physical activity and unhealthy diet. We aimed to understand the relationship between irregular sleep patterns, obesity and lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, in a vulnerable Czech population. 1482 members of the Kardiovize cohort, a random sample of the Czech urban population, were included in a cross-sectional study. Exposure variables included self-reported sleep duration and EDS, assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Primary outcomes were BMI and waist-to-hip ratio or prevalence of obesity and central obesity. Covariates included physical activity and diet. Associations and interactions between variables were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. After adjustment for covariates, short sleep duration (<7 h) was associated with greater odds of overweight (BMI > 25; OR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.06⁻1.90; p = 0.020) and obesity (BMI > 30; OR = 1.40; 95%CI = 1.02⁻1.94; p = 0.047), while EDS was associated with greater odds of central obesity (OR = 1.72; 95%CI = 1.06⁻2.79; p = 0.030), independent of diet and physical activity. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, further prospective, large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the etiological link and causality between sleep disturbances and obesity.
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