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Ali A, Milman S, Weiss EF, Gao T, Napolioni V, Barzilai N, Zhang ZD, Lin JR. Rare genetic coding variants associated with age-related episodic memory decline implicate distinct memory pathologies in the hippocampus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.21.24307692. [PMID: 38826255 PMCID: PMC11142267 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.24307692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Approximately 40% of people aged 65 or older experience memory loss, particularly in episodic memory. Identifying the genetic basis of episodic memory decline is crucial for uncovering its underlying causes. Methods We investigated common and rare genetic variants associated with episodic memory decline in 742 (632 for rare variants) Ashkenazi Jewish individuals (mean age 75) from the LonGenity study. All-atom MD simulations were performed to uncover mechanistic insights underlying rare variants associated with episodic memory decline. Results In addition to the common polygenic risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), we identified and replicated rare variant association in ITSN1 and CRHR2 . Structural analyses revealed distinct memory pathologies mediated by interfacial rare coding variants such as impaired receptor activation of corticotropin releasing hormone and dysregulated L-serine synthesis. Discussion Our study uncovers novel risk loci for episodic memory decline. The identified underlying mechanisms point toward heterogeneous memory pathologies mediated by rare coding variants.
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Nicolas G, Zaréa A, Lacour M, Quenez O, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Bonnevalle A, Schramm C, Olaso R, Sandron F, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Andriuta D, Anthony P, Auriacombe S, Balageas AC, Ballan G, Barbay M, Béjot Y, Belliard S, Benaiteau M, Bennys K, Bombois S, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Branger P, Carlier J, Cartz-Piver L, Cassagnaud P, Ceccaldi MP, Chauviré V, Chen Y, Cogez J, Cognat E, Contegal-Callier F, Corneille L, Couratier P, Cretin B, Crinquette C, Dauriat B, Dautricourt S, de la Sayette V, de Liège A, Deffond D, Demurger F, Deramecourt V, Derollez C, Dionet E, Doco Fenzy M, Dumurgier J, Dutray A, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Formaglio M, Gabelle A, Gainche-Salmon A, Godefroy O, Graber M, Gregoire C, Grimaldi S, Gueniat J, Gueriot C, Guillet-Pichon V, Haffen S, Hanta CR, Hardy C, Hautecloque G, Heitz C, Hourregue C, Jonveaux T, Jurici S, Koric L, Krolak-Salmon P, Lagarde J, Lanoiselée HM, Laurens B, Le Ber I, Le Guyader G, Leblanc A, Lebouvier T, Levy R, Lippi A, Mackowiak MA, Magnin E, Marelli C, Martinaud O, Maureille A, Migliaccio R, Milongo-Rigal E, Mohr S, Mollion H, Morin A, Nivelle J, Noiray C, Olivieri P, Paquet C, Pariente J, Pasquier F, Perron A, Philippi N, Planche V, Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rafiq M, Rollin-Sillaire A, Roué-Jagot C, Saracino D, Sarazin M, Sauvée M, Sellal F, Teichmann M, Thauvin C, Thomas Q, Tisserand C, Turpinat C, Van Damme L, Vercruysse O, Villain N, Wagemann N, Charbonnier C, Wallon D. Assessment of Mendelian and risk-factor genes in Alzheimer disease: A prospective nationwide clinical utility study and recommendations for genetic screening. Genet Med 2024; 26:101082. [PMID: 38281098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants rates in Mendelian dementia genes and the moderate-to-strong risk factors rates in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS We included 700 patients in a prospective study and performed exome sequencing. A panel of 28 Mendelian and 6 risk-factor genes was interpreted and returned to patients. We built a framework for risk variant interpretation and risk gradation and assessed the detection rates among early-onset AD (EOAD, age of onset (AOO) ≤65 years, n = 608) depending on AOO and pedigree structure and late-onset AD (66 < AOO < 75, n = 92). RESULTS Twenty-one patients carried a LP/P variant in a Mendelian gene (all with EOAD, 3.4%), 20 of 21 affected APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2. LP/P variant detection rates in EOAD ranged from 1.7% to 11.6% based on AOO and pedigree structure. Risk factors were found in 69.5% of the remaining 679 patients, including 83 (12.2%) being heterozygotes for rare risk variants, in decreasing order of frequency, in TREM2, ABCA7, ATP8B4, SORL1, and ABCA1, including 5 heterozygotes for multiple rare risk variants, suggesting non-monogenic inheritance, even in some autosomal-dominant-like pedigrees. CONCLUSION We suggest that genetic screening should be proposed to all EOAD patients and should no longer be prioritized based on pedigree structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Aline Zaréa
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Lacour
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Rousseau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Bonnevalle
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Florian Sandron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Daniela Andriuta
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Anthony
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mélanie Barbay
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Serge Belliard
- Unité de recherche 1077 INSERM-EPHE-UNICAEN Neuropsychologie & Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Karim Bennys
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Bombois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Branger
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Jasmine Carlier
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leslie Cartz-Piver
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Limoges, France Inserm U1094, IRD U270, EPIMACT, Université of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Mathieu-Pierre Ceccaldi
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Chauviré
- CMRR, CRMR Neurogénétique, Service de Neurologie, CHU d'ANGERS, Angers, France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Cogez
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Léa Corneille
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benjamin Cretin
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Mère-Enfant, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; Normandie UNIV, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Astrid de Liège
- Service de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Didier Deffond
- CMRR Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Elsa Dionet
- CMRR Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Doco Fenzy
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique, Nantes, France; CHU Reims, Service de Génétique, Reims, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Dutray
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Maïté Formaglio
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Gainche-Salmon
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mathilde Graber
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Gregoire
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephan Grimaldi
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Gueniat
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Claude Gueriot
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sophie Haffen
- Centre mémoire Recherche Ressources, Service de Neurologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Cezara-Roxana Hanta
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Clémence Hardy
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Camille Heitz
- Institut du cerveau Trocadero, Paris, France; Neurology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lorraine Service de Neurologie CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France; Laboratoire 2LPN EA 7489 Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Snejana Jurici
- Consultation Mémoire, Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Brice Laurens
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Amélie Leblanc
- Consultations neurologiques, HIA Clermont-Tonnerre, Brest, France; Service de neurologie, CHU Cavale-Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Lippi
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eloi Magnin
- Laboratoire de neuroscience, Université de Franche-Comté UFC et Service de Neurologie, CMRR, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; Normandie UNIV, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | | | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Milongo-Rigal
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Mohr
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Mollion
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Morin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France; Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Université de Rouen, 76000, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Camille Noiray
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Olivieri
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Perron
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie Rafiq
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carole Roué-Jagot
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Pôle PReNeLe, CHU Grenoble Alpes CS 10226, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Unité de recherche mixte Université Grenoble Alpes/Université Savoie Montblanc, CNRS UMR 5115, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - François Sellal
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France; University of Strasbourg, Medicine Faculty, INSERM, U-1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Genetics Center, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Genetics Center, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Tisserand
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Turpinat
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurène Van Damme
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Nicolas Villain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Charbonnier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Biostatistics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
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Sato K, Niimi Y, Ihara R, Iwata A, Ikeuchi T, Iwatsubo T. Advertisement by medical facilities as an opportunity route of APOE genetic testing in Japan: a website analysis. J Community Genet 2024; 15:195-204. [PMID: 38225507 PMCID: PMC11031550 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-024-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The APOE-ε4 allele(s) is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A significant point of access for this allele testing is through services provided by medical facilities in Japan, which advertise out-of-insurance APOE testing on their websites. There is a concern that website advertisements for APOE testing may influence the ability for individuals to adequately self-determine whether to undergo APOE testing. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on medical facility websites in Japan advertising APOE genetic testing. We predefined desirable features for advertisement descriptions based on legal regulations and guidelines published by relevant professional societies and evaluated each website according to these features. We identified 220 medical facilities that had posted advertisements on their websites for the provision of APOE genetic testing, of which 85% were small clinics. Contact information, details, and costs of testing were described in most of the websites. Meanwhile, features such as "explaining APOE as a risk gene," "notes on interpreting APOE results," or "explaining examination methods" (e.g., blood sampling) were described to a variable degree depending on individual facilities. "Notes on genetic testing" or "referring to genetic counseling" were hardly referred to, and specialists with appropriate expertise were considered to participate in clinical practice in approximately one-third of these facilities providing APOE testing services. These website evaluation results showed moderate to substantial reliability between independent raters. These results suggest that self-determination of pursuing out-of-insurance APOE testing at some medical facilities in Japan may possibly be influenced in an inappropriate manner, at least in its entry route of taking the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sato
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Niimi
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Sakaecho 35-2, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachidori 1-757, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Timmi A, Morin A, Guillin O, Nicolas G. One Train May Hide Another: Two Cases of Co-Occurring Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:2. [PMID: 38180527 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare disorder that can manifest with a wide spectrum of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms or even remain asymptomatic. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common condition that typically starts as a progressive amnestic disorder and progresses to major cognitive impairment. Accurately attributing an etiology to cognitive impairment can sometimes be challenging, especially when multiple pathologies with potentially overlapping symptomatology contribute to the clinical phenotype. Here, we present the case of two patients with autosomal dominant PFBC and non-monogenic AD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis combined with genetic testing permitted the dual diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of thoroughly characterizing the patient's phenotype at onset and during the follow-up. Particular attention is placed on psychiatric symptoms given that both patients had a history of mood disorder, a frequent condition in the general population and in neurological diseases. We also discuss and challenge the paradigm of seeking a single diagnosis explaining all symptoms, remembering the possibility of a rare disease co-occurring with a common one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Timmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Morin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Guillin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F-76000, Rouen, France.
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Yoon JH, Seo Y, Jo YS, Lee S, Cho E, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Shin YS, Moon MH, An HJ, Wenk MR, Suh PG. Brain lipidomics: From functional landscape to clinical significance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9317. [PMID: 36112688 PMCID: PMC9481132 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are crucial components of cellular function owing to their role in membrane formation, intercellular signaling, energy storage, and homeostasis maintenance. In the brain, lipid dysregulations have been associated with the etiology and progression of neurodegeneration and other neurological pathologies. Hence, brain lipids are emerging as important potential targets for the early diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases. This review aims to highlight the significance and usefulness of lipidomics in diagnosing and treating brain diseases. We explored lipid alterations associated with brain diseases, paying attention to organ-specific characteristics and the functions of brain lipids. As the recent advances in brain lipidomics would have been impossible without advances in analytical techniques, we provide up-to-date information on mass spectrometric approaches and integrative analysis with other omic approaches. Last, we present the potential applications of lipidomics combined with artificial intelligence techniques and interdisciplinary collaborative research for treating brain diseases with clinical heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Seo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Suk Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yong-Seung Shin
- Laboratory Solutions Sales, Agilent Technologies Korea Ltd., Seoul, 06621, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Schramm C, Charbonnier C, Zaréa A, Lacour M, Wallon D, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Olaso R, Alarcon F, Campion D, Nuel G, Nicolas G. Penetrance estimation of Alzheimer disease in SORL1 loss-of-function variant carriers using a family-based strategy and stratification by APOE genotypes. Genome Med 2022; 14:69. [PMID: 35761418 PMCID: PMC9238165 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common complex disorder with a high genetic component. Loss-of-function (LoF) SORL1 variants are one of the strongest AD genetic risk factors. Estimating their age-related penetrance is essential before putative use for genetic counseling or preventive trials. However, relative rarity and co-occurrence with the main AD risk factor, APOE-ε4, make such estimations difficult. METHODS We proposed to estimate the age-related penetrance of SORL1-LoF variants through a survival framework by estimating the conditional instantaneous risk combining (i) a baseline for non-carriers of SORL1-LoF variants, stratified by APOE-ε4, derived from the Rotterdam study (N = 12,255), and (ii) an age-dependent proportional hazard effect for SORL1-LoF variants estimated from 27 extended pedigrees (including 307 relatives ≥ 40 years old, 45 of them having genotyping information) recruited from the French reference center for young Alzheimer patients. We embedded this model into an expectation-maximization algorithm to accommodate for missing genotypes. To correct for ascertainment bias, proband phenotypes were omitted. Then, we assessed if our penetrance curves were concordant with age distributions of APOE-ε4-stratified SORL1-LoF variant carriers detected among sequencing data of 13,007 cases and 10,182 controls from European and American case-control study consortia. RESULTS SORL1-LoF variants penetrance curves reached 100% (95% confidence interval [99-100%]) by age 70 among APOE-ε4ε4 carriers only, compared with 56% [40-72%] and 37% [26-51%] in ε4 heterozygous carriers and ε4 non-carriers, respectively. These estimates were fully consistent with observed age distributions of SORL1-LoF variant carriers in case-control study data. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SORL1-LoF variants should be interpreted in light of APOE genotypes for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schramm
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Aline Zaréa
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | | | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Flora Alarcon
- MAP5, UMR-CNRS 8145, Paris University, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, 76681, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - Grégory Nuel
- LPSM, CNRS 8001, Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France.
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7
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What contribution can genetics make to predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:414-421. [PMID: 35491248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although its etiology remains incompletely understood, genetic variants are important contributors. The prediction of AD risk through individual genetic variants is an important topic of research that may have individual and societal consequences when preventive treatments will become available. However, the genetic substratum of AD is heterogeneous. In addition to the extremely rare and fully penetrant pathogenic variants of the PSEN1, PSEN2 or APP genes causing autosomal dominant AD, a large spectrum of risk factors have been identified in complex forms, including the common risk factor APOEɛ4, which is associated with a moderate-to-high risk, common polymorphisms associated with a modest individual risk, and a plethora of rare variants in genes like SORL1, TREM2 or ABCA7 with moderate to high-magnitude effect. Understanding how these genetic factors contribute to AD risk in a given individual, in additional to non-genetic factors, remains a challenge. Over the last 10 years, age-related penetrance curves have progressively incorporated advances in the knowledge of AD genetics, from APOE to common polygenic components and, currently, SORL1 rare variants, which represents an important step towards precision medicine in AD. In this review, we present the complex genetic architecture of AD and we expose the prediction of AD risk according to its underlying genetic component.
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8
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Alvarez-Mora MI, Blanco-Palmero VA, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Arteche-Lopez AR, Llamas-Velasco S, Palma Milla C, Lezana Rosales JM, Gomez-Manjon I, Hernandez-Lain A, Jimenez Almonacid J, Gil-Fournier B, Ramiro-León S, González-Sánchez M, Herrero-San Martín AO, Pérez-Martínez DA, Gómez-Tortosa E, Carro E, Bartolomé F, Gomez-Rodriguez MJ, Sanchez-Calvin MT, Villarejo-Galende A, Moreno-Garcia M. Heterozygous and Homozygous Variants in SORL1 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Clinical, Neuroimaging and Neuropathological Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084230. [PMID: 35457051 PMCID: PMC9024679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the SORL1 gene has been strongly implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed whole-exome sequencing on 37 patients with early-onset dementia or family history suggestive of autosomal dominant dementia. Data analysis was based on a custom panel that included 46 genes related to AD and dementia. SORL1 variants were present in a high proportion of patients with candidate variants (15%, 3/20). We expand the clinical manifestations associated with the SORL1 gene by reporting detailed clinical and neuroimaging findings of six unrelated patients with AD and SORL1 mutations. We also present for the first time a patient with the homozygous truncating variant c.364C>T (p.R122*) in SORL1, who also had severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Furthermore, we report neuropathological findings and immunochemistry assays from one patient with the splicing variant c.4519+5G>A in the SORL1 gene, in which AD was confirmed by neuropathological examination. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and familial dementia background of SORL1-associated AD and suggest that SORL1 might be contributing to AD development as a risk factor gene rather than as a major autosomal dominant gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Alvarez-Mora
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932275400 (ext. 9940)
| | - Victor Antonio Blanco-Palmero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Quesada-Espinosa
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Arteche-Lopez
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Palma Milla
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Lezana Rosales
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gomez-Manjon
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Hernandez-Lain
- Neuropathology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-L.); (J.J.A.)
| | | | - Belén Gil-Fournier
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.-F.); (S.R.-L.)
| | - Soraya Ramiro-León
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.-F.); (S.R.-L.)
| | - Marta González-Sánchez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Octavio Herrero-San Martín
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andrés Pérez-Martínez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (F.B.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Gomez-Rodriguez
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Sanchez-Calvin
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.B.-P.); (S.L.-V.); (M.G.-S.); (A.O.H.-S.M.); (D.A.P.-M.); (A.V.-G.)
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Garcia
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.Q.-E.); (A.R.A.-L.); (C.P.M.); (J.M.L.R.); (I.G.-M.); (M.J.G.-R.); (M.T.S.-C.); (M.M.-G.)
- UdisGen—Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Rovelet-Lecrux A, Feuillette S, Miguel L, Schramm C, Pernet S, Quenez O, Ségalas-Milazzo I, Guilhaudis L, Rousseau S, Riou G, Frébourg T, Campion D, Nicolas G, Lecourtois M. Impaired SorLA maturation and trafficking as a new mechanism for SORL1 missense variants in Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:196. [PMID: 34922638 PMCID: PMC8684260 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SorLA protein, encoded by the SORL1 gene, is a major player in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Functional and genetic studies demonstrated that SorLA deficiency results in increased production of Aβ peptides, and thus a higher risk of AD. A large number of SORL1 missense variants have been identified in AD patients, but their functional consequences remain largely undefined. Here, we identified a new pathophysiological mechanism, by which rare SORL1 missense variants identified in AD patients result in altered maturation and trafficking of the SorLA protein. An initial screening, based on the overexpression of 70 SorLA variants in HEK293 cells, revealed that 15 of them (S114R, R332W, G543E, S564G, S577P, R654W, R729W, D806N, Y934C, D1535N, D1545E, P1654L, Y1816C, W1862C, P1914S) induced a maturation and trafficking-deficient phenotype. Three of these variants (R332W, S577P, and R654W) and two maturation-competent variants (S124R and N371T) were further studied in details in CRISPR/Cas9-modified hiPSCs. When expressed at endogenous levels, the R332W, S577P, and R654W SorLA variants also showed a maturation defective profile. We further demonstrated that these variants were largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in a reduction in the delivery of SorLA mature protein to the plasma membrane and to the endosomal system. Importantly, expression of the R332W and R654W variants in hiPSCs was associated with a clear increase of Aβ secretion, demonstrating a loss-of-function effect of these SorLA variants regarding this ultimate readout, and a direct link with AD pathophysiology. Furthermore, structural analysis of the impact of missense variants on SorLA protein suggested that impaired cellular trafficking of SorLA protein could be due to subtle variations of the protein 3D structure resulting from changes in the interatomic interactions.
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10
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Bandyopadhyay S. Role of Neuron and Glia in Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Vascular Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:653334. [PMID: 34211387 PMCID: PMC8239194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.653334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenicity and vascular dysfunction are the key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), involving dysregulated cellular interactions. An intricate balance between neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and vascular cells sustains the normal neuronal circuits. Conversely, cerebrovascular diseases overlap neuropathologically with AD, and glial dyshomeostasis promotes AD-associated neurodegenerative cascade. While pathological hallmarks of AD primarily include amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, microvascular disorders, altered cerebral blood flow (CBF), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability induce neuronal loss and synaptic atrophy. Accordingly, microglia-mediated inflammation and astrogliosis disrupt the homeostasis of the neuro-vascular unit and stimulate infiltration of circulating leukocytes into the brain. Large-scale genetic and epidemiological studies demonstrate a critical role of cellular crosstalk for altered immune response, metabolism, and vasculature in AD. The glia associated genetic risk factors include APOE, TREM2, CD33, PGRN, CR1, and NLRP3, which correlate with the deposition and altered phagocytosis of Aβ. Moreover, aging-dependent downregulation of astrocyte and microglial Aβ-degrading enzymes limits the neurotrophic and neurogenic role of glial cells and inhibits lysosomal degradation and clearance of Aβ. Microglial cells secrete IGF-1, and neurons show a reduced responsiveness to the neurotrophic IGF-1R/IRS-2/PI3K signaling pathway, generating amyloidogenic and vascular dyshomeostasis in AD. Glial signals connect to neural stem cells, and a shift in glial phenotype over the AD trajectory even affects adult neurogenesis and the neurovascular niche. Overall, the current review informs about the interaction of neuronal and glial cell types in AD pathogenesis and its critical association with cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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11
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Kim J, Woo SY, Kim S, Jang H, Kim J, Kim J, Kang SH, Na DL, Chin J, Apostolova LG, Seo SW, Kim HJ. Differential effects of risk factors on the cognitive trajectory of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:113. [PMID: 34127075 PMCID: PMC8204422 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although few studies have shown that risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with cognitive decline in AD, not much is known whether the impact of risk factors differs between early-onset AD (EOAD, symptom onset < 65 years of age) versus late-onset AD (LOAD). Therefore, we evaluated whether the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors on cognitive trajectories differ in EOAD and LOAD. METHODS We followed-up 193 EOAD and 476 LOAD patients without known autosomal dominant AD mutation for 32.3 ± 23.2 months. Mixed-effects model analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of APOE ε4, low education, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity on cognitive trajectories. RESULTS APOE ε4 carriers showed slower cognitive decline in general cognitive function, language, and memory domains than APOE ε4 carriers in EOAD but not in LOAD. Although patients with low education showed slower cognitive decline than patients with high education in both EOAD and LOAD, the effect was stronger in EOAD, specifically in frontal-executive function. Patients with hypertension showed faster cognitive decline than did patients without hypertension in frontal-executive and general cognitive function in LOAD but not in EOAD. Patients with obesity showed slower decline in general cognitive function than non-obese patients in EOAD but not in LOAD. CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for AD were associated with slower cognitive decline in EOAD but rapid cognitive decline in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Woo
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Chin
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Anderson JL, Kruisselbrink TM, Lisi EC, Hughes TM, Steyermark JM, Winkler EM, Berg CM, Vierkant RA, Gupta R, Ali AH, Faubion SS, Aoudia SL, McAllister TM, Farrugia G, Stewart AK, Lazaridis KN. Clinically Actionable Findings Derived From Predictive Genomic Testing Offered in a Medical Practice Setting. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1407-1417. [PMID: 33890576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of clinically actionable results and other genetic findings in an otherwise healthy population of adults seen in a medical practice setting and offered "predictive" genomic testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 2014, a predictive genomics clinic for generally healthy adults was launched through the Mayo Clinic Executive Health Program. Self-identified interested patients met with a genomic nurse and genetic counselor for pretest advice and education. Two genome sequencing platforms and one gene panel-based health screen were offered. Posttest genetic counseling was available for patients who elected testing. From March 1, 2014, through June 1, 2019, 1281 patients were seen and 301 (23.5%) chose testing. Uptake rates increased to 36.3% [70 of 193]) in 2019 from 11.8% [2 of 17] in 2014. Clinically actionable results and genetic findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Clinically actionable results were detected in 11.6% of patients (35 of 301), and of those, 51.7% (15 of 29) with a cancer or cardiovascular result = did not have a personal or family history concerning for a hereditary disorder. The most common actionable results were in the BCHE, BRCA2, CHEK2, LDLR, MUTYH, and MYH7 genes. A carrier of at least one recessive condition was found in 53.8% of patients (162 of 301). At least one variant associated with multifactorial disease was found in 44.5% (134 of 301) (eg, 25 patients were heterozygous for the F5 factor V Leiden variant associated with thrombophilia risk). CONCLUSION Our predictive screening revealed that 11.6% of individuals will test positive for a clinically actionable, likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant. This finding suggests that wider knowledge and adoption of predictive genomic services could be beneficial in medical practice, although additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily C Lisi
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Erin M Winkler
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Corinne M Berg
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ahmad H Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Stacy L Aoudia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - A Keith Stewart
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Konstantinos N Lazaridis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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13
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La Cognata V, Morello G, Cavallaro S. Omics Data and Their Integrative Analysis to Support Stratified Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094820. [PMID: 34062930 PMCID: PMC8125201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and clinical heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a common characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This heterogeneity makes difficult the development of early diagnosis and effective treatment approaches, as well as the design and testing of new drugs. As such, the stratification of patients into meaningful disease subgroups, with clinical and biological relevance, may improve disease management and the development of effective treatments. To this end, omics technologies-such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics-are contributing to offer a more comprehensive view of molecular pathways underlying the development of NDs, helping to differentiate subtypes of patients based on their specific molecular signatures. In this article, we discuss how omics technologies and their integration have provided new insights into the molecular heterogeneity underlying the most prevalent NDs, aiding to define early diagnosis and progression markers as well as therapeutic targets that can translate into stratified treatment approaches, bringing us closer to the goal of personalized medicine in neurology.
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14
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Shlager GGL, Park ES, Wang P, Gulinello ME, Gokhan Ş, Ketchum HC, Saha K, DeTure MA, Dickson DW, Wszolek ZK, Zheng D, Croxford AL, Becher B, Sun D, Mehler MF, Stanley ER. Microglial Homeostasis Requires Balanced CSF-1/CSF-2 Receptor Signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3004-3019.e5. [PMID: 32130903 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF-1R haploinsufficiency causes adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). Previous studies in the Csf1r+/- mouse model of ALSP hypothesized a central role of elevated cerebral Csf2 expression. Here, we show that monoallelic deletion of Csf2 rescues most behavioral deficits and histopathological changes in Csf1r+/- mice by preventing microgliosis and eliminating most microglial transcriptomic alterations, including those indicative of oxidative stress and demyelination. We also show elevation of Csf2 transcripts and of several CSF-2 downstream targets in the brains of ALSP patients, demonstrating that the mechanisms identified in the mouse model are functional in humans. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms underlying ALSP. Because increased CSF2 levels and decreased microglial Csf1r expression have also been reported in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, we suggest that the unbalanced CSF-1R/CSF-2 signaling we describe in the present study may contribute to the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gabriel G L Shlager
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eun S Park
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maria E Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Şölen Gokhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Harmony C Ketchum
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kusumika Saha
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael A DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Deyou Zheng
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Daqian Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mark F Mehler
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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15
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Caputo V, Termine A, Strafella C, Giardina E, Cascella R. Shared (epi)genomic background connecting neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:155-164. [PMID: 32477452 PMCID: PMC7243483 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i5.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive aging of populations has resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic pathologies, especially of metabolic, neurodegenerative and movement disorders. In particular, type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are among the most prevalent age-related, multifactorial pathologies that deserve particular attention, given their dramatic impact on patient quality of life, their economic and social burden as well the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, which may overlap in some cases. Indeed, the existence of common triggering factors reflects the contribution of mutual genetic, epigenetic and environmental features in the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying T2D and AD/PD. On this subject, this review will summarize the shared (epi)genomic features that characterize these complex pathologies. In particular, genetic variants and gene expression profiles associated with T2D and AD/PD will be discussed as possible contributors to determine the susceptibility and progression to these disorders. Moreover, potential shared epigenetic modifications and factors among T2D, AD and PD will also be illustrated. Overall, this review shows that findings from genomic studies still deserves further research to evaluate and identify genetic factors that directly contribute to the shared etiopathogenesis. Moreover, a common epigenetic background still needs to be investigated and characterized. The evidences discussed in this review underline the importance of integrating large-scale (epi)genomic data with additional molecular information and clinical and social background in order to finely dissect the complex etiopathogenic networks that build up the “disease interactome” characterizing T2D, AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Caputo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Andrea Termine
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00142, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana 1000, Albania
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16
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Cochran JN, Geier EG, Bonham LW, Newberry JS, Amaral MD, Thompson ML, Lasseigne BN, Karydas AM, Roberson ED, Cooper GM, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Myers RM, Yokoyama JS. Non-coding and Loss-of-Function Coding Variants in TET2 are Associated with Multiple Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:632-645. [PMID: 32330418 PMCID: PMC7212268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted genome sequencing to search for rare variation contributing to early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Discovery analysis was conducted on 435 cases and 671 controls of European ancestry. Burden testing for rare variation associated with disease was conducted using filters based on variant rarity (less than one in 10,000 or private), computational prediction of deleteriousness (CADD) (10 or 15 thresholds), and molecular function (protein loss-of-function [LoF] only, coding alteration only, or coding plus non-coding variants in experimentally predicted regulatory regions). Replication analysis was conducted on 16,434 independent cases and 15,587 independent controls. Rare variants in TET2 were enriched in the discovery combined EOAD and FTD cohort (p = 4.6 × 10-8, genome-wide corrected p = 0.0026). Most of these variants were canonical LoF or non-coding in predicted regulatory regions. This enrichment replicated across several cohorts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and FTD (replication only p = 0.0029). The combined analysis odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-3.4) for AD and FTD. The odds ratio for qualifying non-coding variants considered independently from coding variants was 3.7 (95% CI 1.7-9.4). For LoF variants, the combined odds ratio (for AD, FTD, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which shares clinicopathological overlap with FTD) was 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-5.2). TET2 catalyzes DNA demethylation. Given well-defined changes in DNA methylation that occur during aging, rare variation in TET2 may confer risk for neurodegeneration by altering the homeostasis of key aging-related processes. Additionally, our study emphasizes the relevance of non-coding variation in genetic studies of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Ethan G Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - J Scott Newberry
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Michelle D Amaral
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Michelle L Thompson
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Brittany N Lasseigne
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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17
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Miguel L, Frebourg T, Campion D, Lecourtois M. Moderate Overexpression of Tau in Drosophila Exacerbates Amyloid-β-Induced Neuronal Phenotypes and Correlates with Tau Oligomerization. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:637-647. [PMID: 32065789 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically defined by two key hallmarks: extracellular senile plaques composed primarily of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, containing abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The tau protein is encoded by the MAPT gene. Recently, the H1 and H2 haplotypes of the MAPT gene were associated with AD risk. The minor MAPT H2 haplotype has been linked with a decreased risk of developing late-onset AD (LOAD). MAPT haplotypes show different levels of MAPT/Tau expression with H1 being ∼1.5-fold more expressed than H2, suggesting that MAPT expression level could be related to LOAD risk. In this study, we investigated whether this moderate difference in MAPT/Tau expression could influence Aβ-induced toxicity in vivo. We show that modest overexpression of tau protein in Drosophila exacerbates neuronal phenotypes in AβPP/BACE1 flies. The exacerbation of neuronal defects correlates with the accumulation of insoluble dTau oligomers, suggesting that the moderate difference in level of tau expression observed between H1 and H2 haplotypes could influence Aβ toxicity through the production of oligomeric tau insoluble species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Miguel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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18
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Olive C, Ibanez L, Farias FHG, Wang F, Budde JP, Norton JB, Gentsch J, Morris JC, Li Z, Dube U, Del-Aguila J, Bergmann K, Bradley J, Benitez BA, Harari O, Fagan A, Ances B, Cruchaga C, Fernandez MV. Examination of the Effect of Rare Variants in TREM2, ABI3, and PLCG2 in LOAD Through Multiple Phenotypes. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1469-1482. [PMID: 32894242 PMCID: PMC7927150 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare variants in PLCG2 (p.P522R), ABI3 (p.S209F), and TREM2 (p.R47H, p.R62H) have been associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk in Caucasians. After the initial report, several studies have found positive results in cohorts of different ethnic background and with different phenotype. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to evaluate the association of rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 with LOAD risk and their effect at different time points of the disease. METHODS We used a European American cohort to assess the association of the variants prior onset (using CSF Aβ42, tau, and pTau levels, and amyloid imaging as endophenotypes) and after onset (measured as rate of memory decline). RESULTS We confirm the association with LOAD risk of TREM2 p.R47H, p.R62H and ABI3 p.S209F variants, and the protective effect of PLCG2 p.P522R. In addition, ABI3 and TREM2 gene-sets showed significant association with LOAD risk. TREM2 p.R47H and PLCG2 p.P522R variants were also statistically associated with increase of amyloid imaging and AD progression, respectively. We did not observe any association of ABI3 p.S209F with any of the other AD endophenotypes. CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight the importance of including biomarkers and alternative phenotypes to better understand the role of novel candidate genes with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Olive
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabiana H. Geraldo Farias
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P. Budde
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanne B. Norton
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jen Gentsch
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jorge Del-Aguila
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tey HJ, Ng CH. Computational analysis of functional SNPs in Alzheimer's disease-associated endocytosis genes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7667. [PMID: 31592138 PMCID: PMC6776068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From genome wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it has been shown that many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes of different pathways affect the disease risk. One of the pathways is endocytosis, and variants in these genes may affect their functions in amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking, amyloid-beta (Aβ) production as well as its clearance in the brain. This study uses computational methods to predict the effect of novel SNPs, including untranslated region (UTR) variants, splice site variants, synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) and non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in three endocytosis genes associated with AD, namely PICALM, SYNJ1 and SH3KBP1. Materials and Methods All the variants’ information was retrieved from the Ensembl genome database, and then different variation prediction analyses were performed. UTRScan was used to predict UTR variants while MaxEntScan was used to predict splice site variants. Meta-analysis by PredictSNP2 was used to predict sSNPs. Parallel prediction analyses by five different software packages including SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Assessor, I-Mutant2.0 and SNPs&GO were used to predict the effects of nsSNPs. The level of evolutionary conservation of deleterious nsSNPs was further analyzed using ConSurf server. Mutant protein structures of deleterious nsSNPs were modelled and refined using SPARKS-X and ModRefiner for structural comparison. Results A total of 56 deleterious variants were identified in this study, including 12 UTR variants, 18 splice site variants, eight sSNPs and 18 nsSNPs. Among these 56 deleterious variants, seven variants were also identified in the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) studies. Discussion The 56 deleterious variants were predicted to affect the regulation of gene expression, or have functional impacts on these three endocytosis genes and their gene products. The deleterious variants in these genes are expected to affect their cellular function in endocytosis and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD as well. The biological consequences of these deleterious variants and their potential impacts on the disease risks could be further validated experimentally and may be useful for gene-disease association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jieh Tey
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Chong Han Ng
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia
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20
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Campion D, Charbonnier C, Nicolas G. SORL1 genetic variants and Alzheimer disease risk: a literature review and meta-analysis of sequencing data. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:173-186. [PMID: 30911827 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Massive parallel sequencing recently allowed the identification of three genes carrying a higher burden of rare, protein-truncating and missense predicted damaging variants in Alzheimer disease (AD) cases as compared to controls: TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7. SORL1 encodes SorLA, a key protein involved in the processing of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) and the secretion of the Aβ peptide, the aggregation of which triggers AD pathophysiology. Common SORL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms had originally been associated with AD with modest odds ratios (ORs). The association of AD with rare SORL1 coding variants has been demonstrated at the gene level by aggregating protein-truncating (PTV) and rare predicted damaging missense variants. In addition to the loss of SorLA function induced by PTVs, a few missense variants were studied in vitro, showing diverse degrees of decreased SorLA function and leading to increased Aβ secretion. However, the exact functional consequences of most of the missense variants remain to be determined as well as corresponding levels of AD risk. Hereby we review the evidence of the association of SORL1 common and rare variants with AD risk and conduct a meta-analysis of published data on SORL1 rare variants in five large sequencing studies. We observe a significant enrichment in PTVs with ORs of 12.29 (95% confidence interval = [4.22-35.78]) among all AD cases and 27.50 [7.38-102.42] among early-onset cases. Rare [minor allele frequency (MAF) < 1%] and ultra-rare (MAF < 10-4) missense variants that are predicted damaging by 3/3 bioinformatics tools also show significant associations with corresponding ORs of 1.87 [1.54-2.28] and 3.14 [2.30-4.28], respectively. Per-domain analyses show significant association with the APP-binding CR cluster class A repeats and the Aβ-binding VPS10P domains, as well as the fibronectin type III domain, the function of which remains to be specified. These results further support a critical role for SORL1 rare coding variants in AD, although functional and segregation analyses are required to allow an accurate use in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France.
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France.
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21
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Missing heritability of complex diseases: case solved? Hum Genet 2019; 139:103-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Cacace R, Heeman B, Van Mossevelde S, De Roeck A, Hoogmartens J, De Rijk P, Gossye H, De Vos K, De Coster W, Strazisar M, De Baets G, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Geerts N, De Pooter T, Peeters K, Sieben A, Martin JJ, Engelborghs S, Salmon E, Santens P, Vandenberghe R, Cras P, P. De Deyn P, C. van Swieten J, M. van Duijn C, van der Zee J, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Loss of DPP6 in neurodegenerative dementia: a genetic player in the dysfunction of neuronal excitability. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:901-918. [PMID: 30874922 PMCID: PMC6531610 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggested a converging mechanism in neurodegenerative brain diseases (NBD) involving early neuronal network dysfunctions and alterations in the homeostasis of neuronal firing as culprits of neurodegeneration. In this study, we used paired-end short-read and direct long-read whole genome sequencing to investigate an unresolved autosomal dominant dementia family significantly linked to 7q36. We identified and validated a chromosomal inversion of ca. 4 Mb, segregating on the disease haplotype and disrupting the coding sequence of dipeptidyl-peptidase 6 gene (DPP6). DPP6 resequencing identified significantly more rare variants-nonsense, frameshift, and missense-in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD, p value = 0.03, OR = 2.21 95% CI 1.05-4.82) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD, p = 0.006, OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.28-5.49) patient cohorts. DPP6 is a type II transmembrane protein with a highly structured extracellular domain and is mainly expressed in brain, where it binds to the potassium channel Kv4.2 enhancing its expression, regulating its gating properties and controlling the dendritic excitability of hippocampal neurons. Using in vitro modeling, we showed that the missense variants found in patients destabilize DPP6 and reduce its membrane expression (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001) leading to a loss of protein. Reduced DPP6 and/or Kv4.2 expression was also detected in brain tissue of missense variant carriers. Loss of DPP6 is known to cause neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral alterations in Dpp6-KO mice. Taken together, the results of our genomic, genetic, expression and modeling analyses, provided direct evidence supporting the involvement of DPP6 loss in dementia. We propose that loss of function variants have a higher penetrance and disease impact, whereas the missense variants have a variable risk contribution to disease that can vary from high to low penetrance. Our findings of DPP6, as novel gene in dementia, strengthen the involvement of neuronal hyperexcitability and alteration in the homeostasis of neuronal firing as a disease mechanism to further investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cacace
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bavo Heeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arne De Roeck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie Hoogmartens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter De Rijk
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helena Gossye
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristof De Vos
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Coster
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mojca Strazisar
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet De Baets
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Louvain, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Louvain, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Louvain, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Geerts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim De Pooter
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karin Peeters
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter P. De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John C. van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Le Guennec K, Tubeuf H, Hannequin D, Wallon D, Quenez O, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Deleuze JF, Boland A, Frebourg T, Gaildrat P, Campion D, Martins A, Nicolas G. Biallelic Loss of Function of SORL1 in an Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patient. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:821-831. [PMID: 29480197 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous SORL1 protein truncating variants (PTV) are a strong risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). In case control studies performed at the genome-wide level, PTV definition is usually straightforward. Regarding splice site variants, only those affecting canonical sites are typically included. Some other variants, not annotated as PTV, could, however, affect splicing and hence result in a loss of SORL1 function. We took advantage of the whole exome sequencing data from the 9/484 patients with a previously reported SORL1 PTV in the French EOAD series and searched for a second variant which may affect splicing and eventually result in more than 50% loss of function overall. We found that one patient, known to carry a variant predicted to disrupt the canonical 5' splice site of exon 8, also carried a second novel intronic variant predicted to affect SORL1 splicing of exon 29. Segregation analysis showed that the second variant was located in trans from the known PTV. We performed ex vivo minigene splicing assays and showed that both variants led to the generation of transcripts containing a premature stop codon. This is therefore the first evidence of a human carrying biallelic SORL1 PTV. This patient had a family history of dementia in both maternal and paternal lineages with later ages of onset than the proband himself. However, his 55 years age at onset was in the same ranges as previously published SORL1 heterozygous PTV carriers. This suggests that biallelic loss of SORL1 function is an extremely rare event that was not associated with a dramatically earlier age at onset than heterozygous SORL1 loss-of-function variant carriers, in this single patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilan Le Guennec
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Tubeuf
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Pascaline Gaildrat
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Martins
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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24
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Nicolas G, Veltman JA. The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:183-207. [PMID: 30478624 PMCID: PMC6513904 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76000, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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25
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Kim J, Park S, Yoo H, Jang H, Kim Y, Kim KW, Jang YK, Lee JS, Kim ST, Kim S, Lee JM, Ki CS, Na DL, Seo SW, Kim HJ. The Impact of APOE ɛ4 in Alzheimer's Disease Differs According to Age. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:1377-1385. [PMID: 29376853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated how the impact of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) differs according to age in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We recruited 846 AD patients and 815 cognitively normal controls and categorized into three groups with respect to their age (<65, 65-74, and ≥75 years). We evaluated the risk of AD in APOE4 carriers and compared cortical thickness and cognitive function according to APOE4 status in each age group. At the point of this study, in young (<65 years) AD, APOE4 noncarriers had the most severe frontal and perisylvian atrophy, while in old (≥75 years) AD, APOE4 carriers had the most severe medial temporal atrophy. In AD under 75 years, APOE4 noncarriers and heterozygotes showed worse performance in language, visuospatial, and frontal function compared to homozygotes, while, in old (≥75 years) AD, APOE4 homozygotes showed worse performance in memory compared to noncarriers. As the detrimental effects of APOE4 seen in older AD patients were not found in younger AD patients, we suggest that some unrevealed factors are associated with cortical atrophy and non-amnestic cognitive dysfunction in young AD with APOE4 noncarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical school, JeonJu, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Schaduangrat N, Prachayasittikul V, Choomwattana S, Wongchitrat P, Phopin K, Suwanjang W, Malik AA, Vincent B, Nantasenamat C. Multidisciplinary approaches for targeting the secretase protein family as a therapeutic route for Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1730-1778. [PMID: 30628099 DOI: 10.1002/med.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The continual increase of the aging population worldwide renders Alzheimer's disease (AD) a global prime concern. Several attempts have been focused on understanding the intricate complexity of the disease's development along with the on- andgoing search for novel therapeutic strategies. Incapability of existing AD drugs to effectively modulate the pathogenesis or to delay the progression of the disease leads to a shift in the paradigm of AD drug discovery. Efforts aimed at identifying AD drugs have mostly focused on the development of disease-modifying agents in which effects are believed to be long lasting. Of particular note, the secretase enzymes, a group of proteases responsible for the metabolism of the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides production, have been underlined for their promising therapeutic potential. This review article attempts to comprehensively cover aspects related to the identification and use of drugs targeting the secretase enzymes. Particularly, the roles of secretases in the pathogenesis of AD and their therapeutic modulation are provided herein. Moreover, an overview of the drug development process and the contribution of computational (in silico) approaches for facilitating successful drug discovery are also highlighted along with examples of relevant computational works. Promising chemical scaffolds, inhibitors, and modulators against each class of secretases are also summarized herein. Additionally, multitarget secretase modulators are also taken into consideration in light of the current growing interest in the polypharmacology of complex diseases. Finally, challenging issues and future outlook relevant to the discovery of drugs targeting secretases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowapak Choomwattana
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nurnberger JI, Austin J, Berrettini WH, Besterman AD, DeLisi LE, Grice DE, Kennedy JL, Moreno-De-Luca D, Potash JB, Ross DA, Schulze TG, Zai G. What Should a Psychiatrist Know About Genetics? Review and Recommendations From the Residency Education Committee of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. J Clin Psychiatry 2018; 80:17nr12046. [PMID: 30549495 PMCID: PMC6480395 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17nr12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) created a Residency Education Committee with the purpose of identifying key genetic knowledge that should be taught in psychiatric training programs. Thirteen committee members were appointed by the ISPG Board of Directors, based on varied training, expertise, gender, and national origin. The Committee has met quarterly for the past 2 years, with periodic reports to the Board and to the members of the Society. The information summarized includes the existing literature in the field of psychiatric genetics and the output of ongoing large genomics consortia. An outline of clinically relevant areas of genetic knowledge was developed, circulated, and approved. This document was expanded and annotated with appropriate references, and the manuscript was developed. Specific information regarding the contribution of common and rare genetic variants to major psychiatric disorders and treatment response is now available. Current challenges include the following: (1) Genetic testing is recommended in the evaluation of autism and intellectual disability, but its use is limited in current clinical practice. (2) Commercial pharmacogenomic testing is widely available, but its utility has not yet been clearly established. (3) Other methods, such as whole exome and whole genome sequencing, will soon be clinically applicable. The need for informed genetic counseling in psychiatry is greater than ever before, knowledge in the field is rapidly growing, and genetic education should become an integral part of psychiatric training.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Nurnberger
- 320 W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jehannine Austin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron D Besterman
- University of California Los Angeles Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James B Potash
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Ross
- Yale University School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Somatic variants in autosomal dominant genes are a rare cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1632-1639. [PMID: 30114415 PMCID: PMC6544509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A minority of patients with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit de novo germ line mutations in the autosomal dominant genes such as APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2. We hypothesized that negatively screened patients may harbor somatic variants in these genes. Methods We applied an ultrasensitive approach based on single-molecule molecular inversion probes followed by deep next generation sequencing of 11 genes to 100 brain and 355 blood samples from 445 sporadic patients with AD (>80% exhibited an early onset, <66 years). Results We identified and confirmed nine somatic variants (allele fractions: 0.2%–10.8%): two APP, five SORL1, one NCSTN, and one MARK4 variants by independent amplicon-based deep sequencing. Discussion Two of the SORL1 variant might have contributed to the disease, the two APP variants were interpreted as likely benign and the other variants remained of unknown significance. Somatic variants in the autosomal dominant AD genes may not be a common cause of sporadic AD, including early onset cases.
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Sharma S, Young RJ, Chen J, Chen X, Oh EC, Schiller MR. Minimotifs dysfunction is pervasive in neurodegenerative disorders. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:414-432. [PMID: 30225339 PMCID: PMC6139474 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Minimotifs are modular contiguous peptide sequences in proteins that are important for posttranslational modifications, binding to other molecules, and trafficking to specific subcellular compartments. Some molecular functions of proteins in cellular pathways can be predicted from minimotif consensus sequences identified through experimentation. While a role for minimotifs in regulating signal transduction and gene regulation during disease pathogenesis (such as infectious diseases and cancer) is established, the therapeutic use of minimotif mimetic drugs is limited. In this review, we discuss a general theme identifying a pervasive role of minimotifs in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond their longstanding history in the genetics of familial neurodegeneration, minimotifs are also major players in neurotoxic protein aggregation, aberrant protein trafficking, and epigenetic regulation. Generalizing the importance of minimotifs in neurodegenerative diseases offers a new perspective for the future study of neurodegenerative mechanisms and the investigation of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard J. Young
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Psychology, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Edwin C. Oh
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martin R. Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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30
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Birnbaum JH, Wanner D, Gietl AF, Saake A, Kündig TM, Hock C, Nitsch RM, Tackenberg C. Oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial protein expression in the absence of amyloid-β and tau pathology in iPSC-derived neurons from sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients. Stem Cell Res 2018; 27:121-130. [PMID: 29414602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been described in postmortem brain samples and animal models. However, these observations were made at a late stage of disease and the inability to examine an early, presymptomatic phase in human neurons impeded our understanding of cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells (iN cells) from sporadic AD (SAD) patients and healthy control subjects (HCS) to show aberrant mitochondrial function in patient-derived cells. We observed that neuronal cultures from some patients produced more ROS and displayed higher levels of DNA damage. Furthermore, patient-derived cells showed increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation chain complexes, whereas mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins were not affected. Surprisingly, these effects neither correlated with Aβ nor phosphorylated and total tau levels. Synaptic protein levels were also unaffected in SAD iN cells. The results of this study give new insights into constitutional metabolic changes in neurons from subjects prone to develop Alzheimer's pathology. They suggest that increased ROS production may have an integral role in the development of sporadic AD prior to the appearance of amyloid and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian H Birnbaum
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Debora Wanner
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- University of Zurich, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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