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Ding J, Fayyaz AI, Ding Y, Liang D, Luo M. Role of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Biomolecules 2024; 14:807. [PMID: 39062521 PMCID: PMC11274404 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, specificity protein 1 (SP1) was the first Cys2-His2 zinc finger transcription factor to be isolated within the specificity protein and Krüppel-like factor (Sp/KLF) gene family. SP1 regulates gene expression by binding to Guanine-Cytosine (GC)-rich sequences on promoter regions of target genes, affecting various cellular processes. Additionally, the activity of SP1 is markedly influenced by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolysis. SP1 is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, cell hypertrophy, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, plaque stabilization, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, calcification, and other pathological processes. These processes impact the onset and progression of numerous cardiovascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and vascular disease. SP1 emerges as a potential target for the prevention and therapeutic intervention of cardiac ailments. In this review, we delve into the biological functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and potential clinical implications of SP1 in cardiac pathology to offer valuable insights into the regulatory functions of SP1 in heart diseases and unveil novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Aminah I. Fayyaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.I.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.I.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dandan Liang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
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2
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Nair PC, Mangoni AA, Rodionov RN. Redefining the biological and pathophysiological role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:552-561. [PMID: 38553332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) 1 metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a critical endogenous cardiovascular risk factor. In the past two decades, there has been significant controversy about whether DDAH2, the other DDAH isoform, is also able to directly metabolize ADMA. There has been evidence that DDAH2 regulates several critical processes involved in cardiovascular and immune homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects are unclear. In this opinion, we discuss the previous and current knowledge of ADMA metabolism by DDAH in light of a recent consortium study, which convincingly demonstrated that DDAH2 is not capable of metabolizing ADMA, unlike DDAH1. Thus, further research in this field is needed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of DDAH2 and its role in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C Nair
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Bielopolski D, Musante L, Hoorn EJ, Molina H, Barrows D, Carrol TS, Harding MA, Upson S, Qureshi A, Weder MM, Tobin JN, Kost RG, Erdbrügger U. Effect of the DASH diet on the sodium-chloride cotransporter and aquaporin-2 in urinary extracellular vesicles. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F971-F980. [PMID: 38634133 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00274.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet combines the antihypertensive effect of a low sodium and high potassium diet. In particular, the potassium component of the diet acts as a switch in the distal convoluted tubule to reduce sodium reabsorption, similar to a diuretic but without the side effects. Previous trials to understand the mechanism of the DASH diet were based on animal models and did not characterize changes in human ion channel protein abundance. More recently, protein cargo of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) has been shown to mirror tissue content and physiological changes within the kidney. We designed an inpatient open label nutritional study transitioning hypertensive volunteers from an American style diet to DASH diet to examine physiological changes in adults with stage 1 hypertension otherwise untreated (Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH; DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 344: 3-10, 2001). Urine samples from this study were used for proteomic characterization of a large range of pure uEVs (small to large) to reveal kidney epithelium changes in response to the DASH diet. These samples were collected from nine volunteers at three time points, and mass spectrometry identified 1,800 proteins from all 27 samples. We demonstrated an increase in total SLC12A3 [sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC)] abundance and a decrease in aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in uEVs with this mass spectrometry analysis, immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the proportion of activated (phosphorylated) NCC to total NCC and a decrease in AQP2 from day 5 to day 11. This data demonstrates that the human kidney's response to nutritional interventions may be captured noninvasively by uEV protein abundance changes. Future studies need to confirm these findings in a larger cohort and focus on which factor drove the changes in NCC and AQP2, to which degree NCC and AQP2 contributed to the antihypertensive effect and address if some uEVs function also as a waste pathway for functionally inactive proteins rather than mirroring protein changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Numerous studies link DASH diet to lower blood pressure, but its mechanism is unclear. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) offer noninvasive insights, potentially replacing tissue sampling. Transitioning to DASH diet alters kidney transporters in our stage 1 hypertension cohort: AQP2 decreases, NCC increases in uEVs. This aligns with increased urine volume, reduced sodium reabsorption, and blood pressure decline. Our data highlight uEV protein changes as diet markers, suggesting some uEVs may function as waste pathways. We analyzed larger EVs alongside small EVs, and NCC in immunoblots across its molecular weight range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bielopolski
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - Luca Musante
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Thomas S Carrol
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael A Harding
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha Upson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Adam Qureshi
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - Max M Weder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jonathan N Tobin
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
- Clinical Directors Network, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rhonda G Kost
- The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - U Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Ragavan VN, Nair PC, Jarzebska N, Angom RS, Ruta L, Bianconi E, Grottelli S, Tararova ND, Ryazanskiy D, Lentz SR, Tommasi S, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Kimoto M, Rubets E, Chau S, Chen Y, Hu X, Bernhardt N, Spieth PM, Weiss N, Bornstein SR, Mukhopadhyay D, Bode-Böger SM, Maas R, Wang Y, Macchiarulo A, Mangoni AA, Cellini B, Rodionov RN. A multicentric consortium study demonstrates that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 is not a dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3392. [PMID: 37296100 PMCID: PMC10256801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protects against cardiovascular disease by metabolising the risk factor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). However, the question whether the second DDAH isoform, DDAH2, directly metabolises ADMA has remained unanswered. Consequently, it is still unclear if DDAH2 may be a potential target for ADMA-lowering therapies or if drug development efforts should focus on DDAH2's known physiological functions in mitochondrial fission, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, insulin secretion, and immune responses. Here, an international consortium of research groups set out to address this question using in silico, in vitro, cell culture, and murine models. The findings uniformly demonstrate that DDAH2 is incapable of metabolising ADMA, thus resolving a 20-year controversy and providing a starting point for the investigation of alternative, ADMA-independent functions of DDAH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha N Ragavan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Sevari 1, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Steven R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Kimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Elena Rubets
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xinli Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renke Maas
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- FAU New - Research Center for New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Sevari 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Center, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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5
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Jiang JF, Zhou ZY, Liu YZ, Wu L, Nie BB, Huang L, Zhang C. Role of Sp1 in atherosclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9893-9902. [PMID: 35715606 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) is a famous family of transcription factors including Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3. Sp1 is the first one of Sp family proteins to be characterized and cloned in mammalian. It has been proposed that Sp1 acts as a modulator of the expression of target gene through interacting with a series of proteins, especially with transcriptional factors, and thereby contributes to the regulation of diverse biological processes. Notably, growing evidence indicates that Sp1 is involved in the main events in the development of atherosclerosis (AS), such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, plaque stability, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and endothelial dysfunction. This review is designed to provide useful clues to further understanding roles of Sp1 in the pathogenesis of AS, and may be helpful for the design of novel efficacious therapeutics agents targeting Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Ruggiero D, Nutile T, Nappo S, Tirozzi A, Bellenguez C, Leutenegger AL, Ciullo M. Genetics of PlGF plasma levels highlights a role of its receptors and supports the link between angiogenesis and immunity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16821. [PMID: 34413389 PMCID: PMC8376970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is involved in bone marrow-derived cell activation, endothelial stimulation and pathological angiogenesis. High levels of PlGF have been observed in several pathological conditions especially in cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about the genetics of circulating PlGF levels. Indeed, although the heritability of circulating PlGF levels is around 40%, no studies have assessed the relation between PlGF plasma levels and genetic variants at a genome-wide level. In the current study, PlGF plasma levels were measured in a population-based sample of 2085 adult individuals from three isolated populations of South Italy. A GWAS was performed in a discovery cohort (N = 1600), followed by a de novo replication (N = 468) from the same populations. The meta-analysis of the discovery and replication samples revealed one signal significantly associated with PlGF circulating levels. This signal was mapped to the PlGF co-receptor coding gene NRP1, indicating its important role in modulating the PlGF plasma levels. Two additional signals, at the PlGF receptor coding gene FLT1 and RAPGEF5 gene, were identified at a suggestive level. Pathway and TWAS analyses highlighted genes known to be involved in angiogenesis and immune response, supporting the link between these processes and PlGF regulation. Overall, these data improve our understanding of the genetic variation underlying circulating PlGF levels. This in turn could lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies for a wide variety of PlGF-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Celine Bellenguez
- CHU Lille, U1167 - Labex DISTALZ - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Louise Leutenegger
- UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases, Inserm, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR946, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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7
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Katsiki N, Manolis AS. Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular adverse effects: Real or surreal worries? Eur J Intern Med 2020; 72:15-26. [PMID: 31796246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed agents, either for treatment or prophylaxis of gastrointestinal (GI) disease, that are often administered for prolonged or chronic use. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease frequently receive PPIs for prophylaxis against GI bleeding due to common use of antithrombotic drugs. Over the last several years there is a growing number of reports associating chronic PPI use with a variety of serious CV and non-CV adverse effects. In this context, PPI use has been independently associated with an increased risk of CV morbidity (myocardial infarction, stroke, other CV events) and mortality. However, the critique remains that these data do not largely derive from randomized controlled trials. On the other hand, in certain conditions, the benefits of PPIs may outweigh the risks of adverse CV effects. As the indications for prolonged, particularly lifelong, prophylactic use of PPIs are not compelling and in the light of evidence of serious CV and other adverse effects, clinicians have to reconsider such long-term use of these drugs. Importantly, histamine 2 blockers have not been found to be associated with increased CV risk and thus may be an alternative therapeutic option in certain patients. These issues are amply discussed together with the potential mechanisms of these pleiotropic and off-target effects of PPIs, which are also depicted in an illustrative schema; data are also presented on differential effects of specific agents involved, alternative modes of therapy available, and relevant current guidelines on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis S Manolis
- Third and First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Ippokrateio Hospital, Vas. Sofias 114, Athens 115 27, Greece.
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8
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Hulin JA, Gubareva EA, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Mangoni AA, Tommasi S. Inhibition of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) Enzymes as an Emerging Therapeutic Strategy to Target Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1455. [PMID: 31993367 PMCID: PMC6962312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The small free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in various physiological and pathological processes through enhancement of endothelial cell survival and proliferation. In particular, NO has emerged as a molecule of interest in carcinogenesis and tumor progression due to its crucial role in various cancer-related events including cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) family of enzymes metabolize the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), and are thus key for maintaining homeostatic control of NO. Dysregulation of the DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway resulting in increased local NO availability often promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry. Recent literature has demonstrated increased DDAH expression in tumors of different origins and has also suggested a potential ADMA-independent role for DDAH enzymes in addition to their well-studied ADMA-mediated influence on NO. Inhibition of DDAH expression and/or activity in cell culture models and in vivo studies has indicated the potential therapeutic benefit of this pathway through inhibition of both angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and strategies for manipulating DDAH function in cancer are currently being actively pursued by several research groups. This review will thus provide a timely discussion on the expression, regulation, and function of DDAH enzymes in regard to angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and will offer insight into the therapeutic potential of DDAH inhibition in cancer based on preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Ann Hulin
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ekaterina A Gubareva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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9
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The Second Life of Methylarginines as Cardiovascular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184592. [PMID: 31533264 PMCID: PMC6769906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous methylarginines were proposed as cardiovascular risk factors more than two decades ago, however, so far, this knowledge has not led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The initial studies were primarily focused on the endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethylarginine (MMA) and the main enzyme regulating their clearance dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1). To date, all the screens for DDAH1 activators performed with the purified recombinant DDAH1 enzyme have not yielded any promising hits, which is probably the main reason why interest towards this research field has started to fade. The relative contribution of the second DDAH isoenzyme DDAH2 towards ADMA and MMA clearance is still a matter of controversy. ADMA, MMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are also metabolized by alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), however, in addition to methylarginines, this enzyme also has several cardiovascular protective substrates, so the net effect of possible therapeutic targeting of AGXT2 is currently unclear. Recent studies on regulation and functions of the enzymes metabolizing methylarginines have given a second life to this research direction. Our review discusses the latest discoveries and controversies in the field and proposes novel directions for targeting methylarginines in clinical settings.
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Kami Reddy KR, Dasari C, Vandavasi S, Natani S, Supriya B, Jadav SS, Sai Ram N, Kumar JM, Ummanni R. Novel Cellularly Active Inhibitor Regresses DDAH1 Induced Prostate Tumor Growth by Restraining Tumor Angiogenesis through Targeting DDAH1/ADMA/NOS Pathway. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:241-256. [PMID: 30673277 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase1 (DDAH1) inhibitors are important therapeutics by virtue of their ability to control nitric oxide (NO) production by elevating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels. In a screening campaign, we identified that DD1E5 (3-amino-6- tert-butyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[2,3- b]pyridine-2- carboxamide) inhibits the DDAH1 activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Mechanistic studies found that DD1E5 is a competitive inhibitor (dissociation constant ( Ki) of 2.05 ± 0.15 μM). Enzyme kinetic assays showed time and concentration dependent inhibition of DDAH1 with DD1E5, which shows tight binding with an inactivation rate constant of 0.2756 ± 0.015 M-1 S-1. Treatment of cancer cells with DDAH1 inhibitors shows inhibition of cell proliferation and a subsequent decrease in NO production with ADMA accumulation. DD1E5 reversed the elevated VEGF, c-Myc, HIF-1α, and iNOS levels induced by exogenous DDAH1 overexpression in PCa cells. Moreover, DD1E5 significantly increased intracellular levels of ADMA and reduced NO production, suggesting its therapeutic potential for cancers in which DDAH1 is upregulated. In in vitro assays, DD1E5 abrogated the secretion of angiogenic factors (bFGF and IL-8) into conditional media, indicating its antiangiogenic potential. DD1E5 inhibited in vivo growth of xenograft tumors derived from PCa cells with DDAH1 overexpression, by reducing tumor endothelial content represented with low CD31 expression. VEGF, HIF-1α, and iNOS expression were reversed in DD1E5 treated tumors compared to respective control tumors. In this work, integrating multiple approaches shows DD1E5 is a promising tool for the study of methylarginine-mediated NO control and a potential therapeutic lead compound against pathological conditions with elevated NO production such as cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Dasari
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shalini Vandavasi
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sirisha Natani
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhukya Supriya
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Sai Ram
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Applied Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
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Chen WT, Shie CB, Yang CC, Lee TM. Blockade of Cardiac Proton Pump Impairs Ventricular Remodeling Through a Superoxide-DDAH-Dependent Pathway in Infarcted Rats. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2019; 35:165-178. [PMID: 30930564 DOI: 10.6515/acs.201903_35(2).20180917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently used to prevent or treat peptic ulcers. Recently, PPIs have been shown to increase the risk of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PPIs adversely affect ventricular remodeling in infarcted rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle, omeprazole, omeprazole + vitamin C, omeprazole + olmesartan, or famotidine treatment for 4 weeks starting 24 hours after inducing myocardial infarction by ligating coronary arteries. Results Compared with vehicle-treated infarcted rats, omeprazole-treated infarcted rats had significant changes with reduced myocardial vitamin C levels, increased oxidant production, and decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) activity, which in turn increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and impaired ventricular remodeling. With gastric protection similar to omeprazole, the H2 blocker famotidine had no effect on ventricular remodeling. In contrast to the in vivo results, the ex vivo study showed similar superoxide and DDAH2 protein levels between vehicle- and omeprazole-treated infarcted rats, suggesting involvement of gastric vitamin C uptake rather than myocardial vitamin C in mediating the impaired axis of vitamin C-superoxide-DDAH2 in the in vivo measurements. The administration of PPIs was associated with impaired DDAH2 expression and increased myocardial ADMA, which impaired ventricular remodeling after infarction. These effects were prevented by the coadministration of vitamin C or olmesartan. Conclusions Our results indicate that the administration of PPIs was associated with impaired DDAH2 expression and increased myocardial ADMA by reducing gastric vitamin C uptake, which impaired ventricular remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Bie Shie
- Gastrointestinal Section, Department of Medicine, China Medical University-An Nan Hospital, Tainan
| | | | - Tsung-Ming Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu ZD, Ye JM, Fu XM, Wang XC, Ye JY, Wu XR, Hua P, Liao YQ, Xuan W, Duan JL, Li WY, Fu H, Xia ZH, Zhang X. DDAH2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:749-760. [PMID: 30569164 PMCID: PMC6317674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a form of idiopathic heart disease, with signs including hypertrophy of myocardial cells, hypertension‑independent fibrosis and coronary artery disease. Considering the involvement of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in diabetes, it was hypothesized that DDAH2 may be beneficial to cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis during the progression of DCM with involvement of the DDAH/asymmetric NG, NGdimethyl‑L‑arginine (ADMA)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. Following establishment of diabetic rat models, diabetes‑related blood biochemical indices and cardiac function were measured in diabetic rats treated with lentivirus expressing DDAH2, short hairpin RNA against DDAH2, or L‑NNA (inhibitor of NOS) to identify the roles of DDAH2 in DCM. The functional roles of DDAH2 in DCM were further determined through detection of the levels of collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2). The H9C2 myocardial cell line was selected for in vitro experiments. The effects of DDAH2 on the migration of myocardial cells under high glucose conditions were also examined. To further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of DDAH2 in DCM, the contents of ADMA and NO, and the activities of DDAH and NOS were observed. The DCM model rats treated with DDAH2 exhibited reduced left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure, and decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels, but exhibited increased left ventricular systolic pressure and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise/fall levels in myocardial tissues. Myocardial cells under high glucose conditions treated with DDAH2 showed reductions in collagen I, MMP2 and TIMP2, indicating that DDAH2 reduced cell migration. Decreased levels of ADMA and NO but increased levels of DDAH and NOS were observed following treatment with DDAH2, indicating that the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway was activated. These results reveal that the overexpression of DDAH2 attenuates myocardial fibrosis and protects against DCM through activation of the DDAH/ADMA/NOS/NO pathway in DCM rats. These results indicate that DDAH2 is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Zhu
- Yunnan Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Ye
- Pathogenic Organisms Department of Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ran Wu
- Center Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fu
- Clinic Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hua Xia
- Clinical Medical College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Du MR, Yan L, Li NS, Wang YJ, Zhou T, Jiang JL. Asymmetric dimethylarginine contributes to retinal neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy through EphrinB2 pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:46-56. [PMID: 29777874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss with retinal neovascularization. This study aims to investigate whether Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) impacts the pathogenesis of DR via focusing on promoting retinal neovascularization and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) for 20 weeks. ADMA levels in aqueous and the influence of hypoxia on ADMA and angiogenesis in RF/6A cells were examined. The effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ADMA on neovascularization of RF/6A cells were further evaluated by administration of ADMA, DDAH siRNA or ephrinB2 siRNA. Results showed that ADMA levels were elevated in both aqueous from diabetic rats and culture medium in RF/6A cells pretreated with hypoxia. Administration of ADMA directly promoted proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of RF/6A cells, which was further confirmed by DDAH1 siRNA or DDAH2 siRNA. In addition, ephrinB2 expression was increased under diabetic conditions, and the angiogenic effects of ADMA were blocked by ephrinB2 siRNA. In conclusion, ADMA contributes to the neovascularization of retina in diabetic mellitus, which is regulated by ephrinB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Departments of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Assessment of the direct effects of DDAH I on tumour angiogenesis in vivo. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:737-749. [PMID: 29721731 PMCID: PMC6208893 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been strongly implicated in glioma progression and angiogenesis. The endogenous inhibitors of NO synthesis, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), are metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), and hence, DDAH is an intracellular factor that regulates NO. However, DDAH may also have an NO-independent action. We aimed to investigate whether DDAH I has any direct role in tumour vascular development and growth independent of its NO-mediated effects, in order to establish the future potential of DDAH inhibition as an anti-angiogenic treatment strategy. A clone of rat C6 glioma cells deficient in NO production expressing a pTet Off regulatable element was identified and engineered to overexpress DDAH I in the absence of doxycycline. Xenografts derived from these cells were propagated in the presence or absence of doxycycline and susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging used to assess functional vasculature in vivo. Pathological correlates of tumour vascular density, maturation and function were also sought. In the absence of doxycycline, tumours exhibited high DDAH I expression and activity, which was suppressed in its presence. However, overexpression of DDAH I had no measurable effect on tumour growth, vessel density, function or maturation. These data suggest that in C6 gliomas DDAH has no NO-independent effects on tumour growth and angiogenesis, and that the therapeutic potential of targeting DDAH in gliomas should only be considered in the context of NO regulation.
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15
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Reddy KRK, Dasari C, Duscharla D, Supriya B, Ram NS, Surekha MV, Kumar JM, Ummanni R. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) is frequently upregulated in prostate cancer, and its overexpression conveys tumor growth and angiogenesis by metabolizing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Angiogenesis 2017; 21:79-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Redel BK, Tessanne KJ, Spate LD, Murphy CN, Prather RS. Arginine increases development of in vitro-produced porcine embryos and affects the protein arginine methyltransferase-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-nitric oxide axis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:655-66. [PMID: 25765074 DOI: 10.1071/rd14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture systems promote development at rates lower than the in vivo environment. Here, we evaluated the embryo's transcriptome to determine what the embryo needs during development. A previous mRNA sequencing endeavour found upregulation of solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 1 (SLC7A1), an arginine transporter, in in vitro- compared with in vivo-cultured embryos. In the present study, we added different concentrations of arginine to our culture medium to meet the needs of the porcine embryo. Increasing arginine from 0.12 to 1.69mM improved the number of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. These blastocysts also had more total nuclei compared with controls and, specifically, more trophectoderm nuclei. Embryos cultured in 1.69mM arginine had lower SLC7A1 levels and a higher abundance of messages involved with glycolysis (hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2 and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2) and decreased expression of genes involved with blocking the tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (transaldolase 1). Expression of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) genes PRMT1, PRMT3 and PRMT5 throughout development was not affected by arginine. However, the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) and DDAH2 message was found to be differentially regulated through development, and the DDAH2 protein was localised to the nuclei of blastocysts. Arginine has a positive effect on preimplantation development and may be affecting the nitric oxide-DDAH-PRMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Center, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kimberly J Tessanne
- Division of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Center, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Center, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Clifton N Murphy
- Division of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Center, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Center, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Lange C, Mowat F, Sayed H, Mehad M, Duluc L, Piper S, Luhmann U, Nandi M, Kelly P, Smith A, Ali R, Leiper J, Bainbridge J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 deficiency promotes vascular regeneration and attenuates pathological angiogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 147:148-155. [PMID: 27181226 PMCID: PMC4912010 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-induced angiogenesis is critical for tissue repair, but aberrant neovascularization in the retina causes severe sight impairment. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in neovascular eye disease because of its pro-angiogenic properties in the retina. Nitric oxide production is inhibited endogenously by asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and L-NMMA) which are metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) 1 and 2. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA in retinal ischemia-induced angiogenesis. First, DDAH1, DDAH2, ADMA and L-NMMA levels were determined in adult C57BL/6J mice. The results obtained revealed that DDAH1 was twofold increased in the retina compared to the brain and the choroid. DDAH2 expression was approximately 150 fold greater in retinal and 70 fold greater in choroidal tissue compared to brain tissue suggesting an important tissue-specific role for DDAH2 in the retina and choroid. ADMA and L-NMMA levels were similar in the retina and choroid under physiological conditions. Next, characterization of DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice by in vivo fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry and electroretinography revealed normal neurovascular function compared with wildtype control mice. Finally, DDAH1+/− and DDAH2−/− deficient mice were studied in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, a model used to emulate retinal ischemia and neovascularization, and VEGF and ADMA levels were quantified by ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the OIR model, DDAH1+/− exhibited a similar phenotype compared to wildtype controls. DDAH2 deficiency, in contrast, resulted in elevated retinal ADMA which was associated with attenuated aberrant angiogenesis and improved vascular regeneration in a VEGF independent manner. Taken together this study suggests, that in retinal ischemia, DDAH2 deficiency elevates ADMA, promotes vascular regeneration and protects against aberrant angiogenesis. Therapeutic inhibition of DDAH2 may therefore offer a potential therapeutic strategy to protect sight by promoting retinal vascular regeneration and preventing pathological angiogenesis. Nitric oxide has been implicated in neovascular eye disease. Key inhibitor of NO production is ADMA, which is metabolized by DDAH. DDAH2 deficiency results in elevated ADMA and reduced neovascularization in mice. Therapeutic inhibition of ADMA or DDAH2 may offer a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Lange
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK; Eye Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Freya Mowat
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Haroon Sayed
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manjit Mehad
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Lucie Duluc
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Sophie Piper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Luhmann
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - Robin Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK
| | - James Leiper
- The Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - James Bainbridge
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK.
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Inhibitors of the Hydrolytic Enzyme Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): Discovery, Synthesis and Development. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050615. [PMID: 27187323 PMCID: PMC6273216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is a highly conserved hydrolytic enzyme found in numerous species, including bacteria, rodents, and humans. In humans, the DDAH-1 isoform is known to metabolize endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (l-NMMA), with ADMA proposed to be a putative marker of cardiovascular disease. Current literature reports identify the DDAH family of enzymes as a potential therapeutic target in the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production, mediated via its biochemical interaction with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes. Increased DDAH expression and NO production have been linked to multiple pathological conditions, specifically, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and septic shock. As such, the discovery, chemical synthesis, and development of DDAH inhibitors as potential drug candidates represent a growing field of interest. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on DDAH inhibition and the derived pharmacokinetic parameters of the main DDAH inhibitors reported in the literature. Furthermore, current methods of development and chemical synthetic pathways are discussed.
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Shiozawa T, Iyama S, Toshima S, Sakata A, Usui S, Minami Y, Sato Y, Hizawa N, Noguchi M. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 promotes tumor angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2015; 468:179-90. [PMID: 26515557 PMCID: PMC4778151 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although embryonal proteins have been used as tumor marker, most are not useful for detection of early malignancy. In the present study, we developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against fetal lung of miniature swine, and screened them to find an embryonal protein that is produced at the early stage of malignancy, focusing on lung adenocarcinoma. We found an antibody clone that specifically stained stroma of lung adenocarcinoma. LC-MS/MS identified the protein recognized by this clone as dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), an enzyme known for antiatherosclerotic activity. DDAH2 was found to be expressed in fibroblasts of stroma of malignancies, with higher expression in minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Moreover, tumors with high stromal expression of DDAH2 had a poorer prognosis than those without. In vitro analysis showed that DDAH2 increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducing proliferation and capillary-like tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. In resected human tissues, eNOS also showed higher expression in invasive adenocarcinoma than in AIS and normal lung, similarly to DDAH2. Our data indicate that expression of DDAH2 is associated with invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma via tumor angiogenesis. DDAH2 expression might be a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Iyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shotaro Toshima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shingo Usui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, NHO Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Minami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Lumicisi BA, Cartwright JE, Leslie K, Wallace AE, Whitley GS. Inhibition of DDAH1, but not DDAH2, results in apoptosis of a human trophoblast cell line in response to TRAIL. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1813-9. [PMID: 26082478 PMCID: PMC4507332 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does inhibition of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) increase the sensitivity of trophoblasts to TRAIL-induced apoptosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Inhibition of DDAH1, but not DDAH2, increases the sensitivity of trophoblasts to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Successful human pregnancy is dependent on adequate trophoblast invasion and remodelling of the maternal spiral arteries. Increased trophoblast apoptosis is seen in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. The mechanism underlying this increase is unknown. We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in regulating trophoblast motility and invasion, and have also demonstrated an important role for NO in regulating trophoblast sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. DDAH is an enzyme that metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis, previously shown to be elevated in the plasma of pre-eclamptic mothers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study used the human extravillous trophoblast-derived cell line SGHPL-4 cells. All experiments were performed at least three times. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effect of DDAH on trophoblast apoptosis was examined using siRNA and time-lapse microscopy. Changes in the expression of DDAH were followed by PCR and western blot analysis. Receptor expression was followed by flow cytometry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Inhibiting the expression of DDAH1, but not DDAH2, resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of the EVT cell line SGHPL-4 to tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis (P < 0.01). This response could be mimicked by the addition of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis and the substrate for both isoforms of DDAH. We further showed that this increased sensitivity to apoptosis is accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of TRAIL receptor 2 (TR2; P < 0.05) but not TRAIL receptor 1 (TR1). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed only in vitro using a well characterized trophoblast cell line, SGHPL-4, derived from first trimester extravillous trophoblasts. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides new insight into the role of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in the regulation of trophoblast function. Both dysregulation of DDAH and the accumulation of ADMA have been associated with the development of pre-eclampsia. This is the first study to implicate the DDAH/ADMA pathway as a mechanism that might underlie the poor trophoblast invasion seen in this common pregnancy disorder. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) B.A.L. was supported by a grant from Action Medical Research UK (SP4577). A.E.W. was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (091550). There are no competing interests and the authors have no conflict interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Lumicisi
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - J E Cartwright
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - K Leslie
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A E Wallace
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - G S Whitley
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Mookerjee RP, Mehta G, Balasubramaniyan V, Mohamed F, Davies N, Sharma V, Iwakiri Y, Jalan R. Hepatic dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase1 is reduced in cirrhosis and is a target for therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2015; 62:325-31. [PMID: 25152204 PMCID: PMC4530584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Portal hypertension is characterized by reduced hepatic eNOS activity. Asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA), an eNOS inhibitor, is elevated in cirrhosis and correlates with the severity of portal hypertension. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) is the key enzyme metabolizing hepatic ADMA. This study characterized DDAH-1 in cirrhosis, and explored hepatic DDAH-1 reconstitution through farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism and DDAH-1 gene therapy. METHODS DDAH-1 immunohistochemistry was conducted on human cirrhosis and healthy liver tissue. Subsequently, sham-operated or bile-duct-ligated (BDL) cirrhosis rats were treated with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OA, 5 mg/kg) or vehicle for 5 days. Further, animals underwent hydrodynamic injection with DDAH-1-expressing plasmid or saline control, which resulted in the following groups: sham+saline, BDL+saline, BDL+DDAH-1-plasmid. Portal pressure (PP) measurements were performed. Plasma ALT was measured by COBAS INTEGRA, DDAH-1 expression by qPCR and Western blot, eNOS activity by radiometric assay. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting confirmed hepatic DDAH-1 was restricted to hepatocytes, and expression decreased significantly in cirrhosis. In BDL rats, reduced DDAH-1 expression was associated with elevated hepatic ADMA, reduced eNOS activity and high PP. OA treatment significantly increased DDAH-1 expression, reduced hepatic tissue ADMA, and increased liver NO generation. PP was significantly reduced in BDL+OA vs. BDL+vehicle (8±1 vs. 13.5±0.6 mmHg; p<0.01) with no change in the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Similarly, DDAH-1 hydrodynamic injection significantly increased hepatic DDAH-1 gene and protein expression, and significantly reduced PP in BDL+DDAH-1 vs. BDL+saline (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates DDAH-1 is a specific molecular target for portal pressure reduction, through actions on ADMA-mediated regulation of eNOS activity. Our data support translational studies, targeting DDAH-1 in cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, UK.
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22
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Insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease is ameliorated by spironolactone in rats and humans. Kidney Int 2014; 87:749-60. [PMID: 25337775 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and insulin resistance. In a patient cohort with nondiabetic stages 2-5 CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was negatively correlated and the plasma aldosterone concentration was independently associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker spironolactone ameliorated insulin resistance in patients, and impaired glucose tolerance was partially reversed in fifth/sixth nephrectomized rats. In these rats, insulin-induced signal transduction was attenuated, especially in the adipose tissue. In the adipose tissue of nephrectomized rats, nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor expression, expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor target molecule SGK-1, tissue aldosterone content, and expression of the aldosterone-producing enzyme CYP11B2 increased. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the adipose tissue was reversed by spironolactone. In the adipose tissue of nephrectomized rats, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA; an uremic substance linking uremia and insulin resistance) increased, the expression of the ADMA-degrading enzymes DDAH1 and DDAH2 decreased, and the oxidative stress increased. All of these changes were reversed by spironolactone. In mature adipocytes, aldosterone downregulated both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, and ADMA inhibited the insulin-induced cellular signaling. Thus, activation of mineralocorticoid receptor and resultant ADMA accumulation in adipose tissue has, in part, a relevant role in the development of insulin resistance in CKD.
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Yuan Q, Bai YP, Shi RZ, Liu SY, Chen XM, Chen L, Li YJ, Hu CP. Regulation of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and function by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 in an asymmetric dimethylarginine-independent manner. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1013-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical College; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 China
| | - Rui-Zheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha 410008 China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Xu-Meng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Central South University; Changsha 410078 China
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The endothelial ADMA/NO pathway in hypoxia-related chronic respiratory diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:501612. [PMID: 24719871 PMCID: PMC3955646 DOI: 10.1155/2014/501612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, many adhere to the view that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), as an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Particularly, this is evident in disease of the cardiovascular system, in which endothelial dysfunction results in an imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Even if increased ADMA concentrations are closely related to an endothelial dysfunction, several studies pointed to a potential beneficial effect of ADMA, mainly in the context of angioproliferative disease such as cancer and fibrosis. Antiproliferative properties of ADMA independent of NO have been identified in this context. In particular, the regulation of ADMA by its degrading enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is the object of many studies. DDAH is discussed as a promising therapeutic target for the indirect regulation of NO. In hypoxia-related chronic respiratory diseases, this controversy discussion of ADMA and DDAH is particularly evident and is therefore subject of this review.
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Lin IC, Sheen JM, Tain YL, Chou MH, Huang LT, Yang KD. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in <i>Lactobacillus Casei </i>Cell Wall Extract-Induced Coronary Arteritis of a Murine Model. Circ J 2014; 78:752-762. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Ming-Huei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Kuender D. Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital in Chang Bing
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26
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Zhang P, Xu X, Hu X, Wang H, Fassett J, Huo Y, Chen Y, Bache RJ. DDAH1 deficiency attenuates endothelial cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79444. [PMID: 24260221 PMCID: PMC3832548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS). ADMA is eliminated largely by the action of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase1 (DDAH1). Decreased DDAH activity is found in several pathological conditions and is associated with increased risk of vascular disease. Overexpression of DDAH1 has been shown to augment endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. To better understand the mechanism by which DDAH1 influences endothelial proliferation, this study examined the effect of DDAH1 deficiency on cell cycle progression and the expression of some cell cycle master regulatory proteins. DDAH1 KO decreased in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis and depressed endothelial repair in a mouse model of carotid artery wire injury. DDAH1 deficiency decreased VEGF expression in HUVEC and increased NF1 expression in both HUVEC and DDAH1 KO mice. The expression of active Ras could overcome the decreased VEGF expression caused by the DDAH1 depletion. The addition of VEGF and knockdown NF1 could both restore proliferation in cells with DDAH1 depletion. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that DDAH1 sRNAi knockdown in HUVEC caused G1 and G2/M arrest that was associated with decreased expression of CDC2, CDC25C, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. MEF cells from DDAH1 KO mice also demonstrated G2/M arrest that was associated with decreased cyclin D1 expression and Akt activity. Our findings indicate that DDAH1 exerts effects on cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression through multiple mechanisms, including VEGF, the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway, the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway, and NF1 expression. Loss of DDAH1 effects on these pathways results in impaired endothelial cell proliferation and decreased angiogenesis. The findings provide background information that may be useful in the development of therapeutic strategies to manipulate DDAH1 expression in cardiovascular diseases or tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xin Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xinli Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John Fassett
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Bache
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Zheng J, Wang K, Jin P, Dong C, Yuan Q, Li Y, Yang Z. The association of adipose-derived dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 with insulin sensitivity in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:641-8. [PMID: 23702602 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which can be hydrolyzed by dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). It has been reported that adipocytes can produce DDAH/ADMA, but its role remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of adipocyte-derived DDAH/ADMA on insulin sensitivity using animal and cell models. Results showed that in adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed diabetic rats, as well as in high glucose (25 mM) plus insulin (100 nM)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, expression levels of insulin receptor substance-1 (IRS-1), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), and DDAH isoform-2 (DDAH-2) were down-regulated compared with control, although DDAH-1 expression showed no significant changes. We also observed that nitric oxide bioavailability, DDAH and NOS activities were subsequently decreased, while the local ADMA content was elevated in diabetic adipose tissue. Transfection of human DDAH-2 gene into high glucose- and insulin-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly ameliorated DDAH activity, reduced ADMA contents, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of IRS-1 and GLUT-4. These findings suggested that in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, local DDAH-2 in adipocytes might play an important role in regulating insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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28
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Guo MM, Hu LH, Wang YQ, Chen P, Huang JG, Lu N, He JH, Liao CG. miR-22 is down-regulated in gastric cancer, and its overexpression inhibits cell migration and invasion via targeting transcription factor Sp1. Med Oncol 2013; 30:542. [PMID: 23529765 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in cancer development and progression. Recently, miR-22 has been identified as a tumor-suppressing microRNA in many human cancers. However, the specific function of miR-22 in gastric cancer is unclear at this point. In this study, we first measured miR-22 expression level in 30 pairs of gastric cancer and matched normal tissues, two normal and six gastric cancer cell lines by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. We found that the expression of miR-22 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines was much lower than that in normal control, respectively. Transfection of miR-22 expression plasmid could significantly inhibit the cell migration and invasion in SGC-7901 and NCL-N87 gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, we also showed that Sp1 was negatively regulated by miR-22 at the posttranscriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3'UTR by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of Sp1 was inversely correlated with miR-22 expression in gastric cancer tissues, and knockdown of Sp1 by siRNA inhibited cell malignant behaviors. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-22 acts as tumor suppressor by targeting the Sp1 gene and inhibiting gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. The findings of this study contribute to current understanding of the functions of miR-22 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
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Hasegawa K, Wakino S, Kimoto M, Minakuchi H, Fujimura K, Hosoya K, Komatsu M, Kaneko Y, Kanda T, Tokuyama H, Hayashi K, Itoh H. The hydrolase DDAH2 enhances pancreatic insulin secretion by transcriptional regulation of secretagogin through a Sirt1-dependent mechanism in mice. FASEB J 2013; 27:2301-15. [PMID: 23430976 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in glucose metabolism is unknown. Here, we generated DDAH2 transgenic (Tg) mice. These mice had lower plasma glucose levels (60 min: 298±32 vs. 418±35 mg/dl; 120 min: 205±15 vs. 284±20 mg/dl) and higher insulin levels (15 min: 2.1±0.2 vs. 1.5±0.1 ng/ml; 30 min: 1.8±0.1 vs. 1.5±0.1 ng/ml) during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was increased in Tg islets by 33%. Pancreatic asymmetrical dimethylarginine, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress levels were not correlated with improvements in insulin secretion in Tg mice. Secretagogin, an insulin vesicle docking protein, was up-regulated by 2.7-fold in Tg mice and in pancreatic MIN-6 cells overexpressing DDAH2. GSIS in MIN-6 cells was dependent on DDAH2-induced secretagogin expression. Pancreatic Sirt1, DDAH2, and secretagogin were down-regulated in HFD-fed WT mice by 70, 75, and 85%, respectively. Overexpression of Sirt1 overexpression by 3.9-fold increased DDAH2 and secretagogin expression in MIN-6 cells by 3.2- and 2.5-fold, respectively. DDAH2 overexpression improved GSIS in pancreas-specific Sirt1-deficient mice. In summary, the Sirt1/DDAH2/secretagogin pathway is a novel regulator of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Khor GH, Froemming GRA, Zain RB, Abraham MT, Omar E, Tan SK, Tan AC, Vincent-Chong VK, Thong KL. DNA methylation profiling revealed promoter hypermethylation-induced silencing of p16, DDAH2 and DUSP1 in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1727-39. [PMID: 24155659 PMCID: PMC3805925 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermethylation in promoter regions of genes might lead to altered gene functions and result in malignant cellular transformation. Thus, biomarker identification for hypermethylated genes would be very useful for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objectives of this study were to screen and validate differentially hypermethylated genes in OSCC and correlate the hypermethylation-induced genes with demographic, clinocopathological characteristics and survival rate of OSCC. METHODS DNA methylation profiling was utilized to screen the differentially hypermethylated genes in OSCC. Three selected differentially-hypermethylated genes of p16, DDAH2 and DUSP1 were further validated for methylation status and protein expression. The correlation between demographic, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival rate of OSCC patients with hypermethylation of p16, DDAH2 and DUSP1 genes were analysed in the study. RESULTS Methylation profiling demonstrated 33 promoter hypermethylated genes in OSCC. The differentially-hypermethylated genes of p16, DDAH2 and DUSP1 revealed positivity of 78%, 80% and 88% in methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and 24% and 22% of immunoreactivity in DDAH2 and DUSP1 genes, respectively. Promoter hypermethylation of p16 gene was found significantly associated with tumour site of buccal, gum, tongue and lip (P=0.001). In addition, DDAH2 methylation level was correlated significantly with patients' age (P=0.050). In this study, overall five-year survival rate was 38.1% for OSCC patients and was influenced by sex difference. CONCLUSIONS The study has identified 33 promoter hypermethylated genes that were significantly silenced in OSCC, which might be involved in an important mechanism in oral carcinogenesis. Our approaches revealed signature candidates of differentially hypermethylated genes of DDAH2 and DUSP1 which can be further developed as potential biomarkers for OSCC as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goot Heah Khor
- 1. Centre of Studies for Preclinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam. Selangor, Malaysia. ; 2. Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia. ; 3. Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ; 8. Laboratory of Biomedical Science and Molecular Microbiology, UMBIO Cluster, Institute of Postgraduate, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Altmann KS, Havemeyer A, Beitz E, Clement B. Dimethylarginine-dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) does not metabolize methylarginines. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2599-604. [PMID: 23125090 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Free endogenous methylarginines, N(ω)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and N(ω),N(ω')-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), inhibit NO synthases (NOSs) and are metabolized by dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). A postulated metabolism has been shown several times for DDAH-1, but the involvement of DDAH-2 in the degradation of ADMA and L-NMMA is still a matter of debate. Determination of the isoform-specific DDAH protein expression profiles in various porcine tissue types shows a correlation of DDAH activity only with DDAH-1 levels. DDAH activity (measured as L-citrulline formation from the conversion of methylarginines and alternative DDAH substrates) was detected in DDAH-1-rich porcine tissue types, that is, kidney, liver, and brain, but not in DDAH-2-rich porcine fractions, that is, spleen and thyroid. Furthermore, several ex vivo studies showed DDAH activity to be important for L-citrulline formation in porcine tissue and indicated the absence of an endogenous DDAH inhibitor in porcine tissue. This study provides new insights into tissue distributions as well as substrate selectivity for both DDAH isoforms. Although DDAH-1 is known to metabolize the endogenous NOS inhibitors L-NMMA and ADMA, a physiological function for DDAH-2 has yet to be determined. Hence, determining DDAH activity by methylarginine conversion is not suitable for analyzing isoform selectivity of DDAH-1 inhibitors as postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Altmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Gurkan UA, Golden R, Kishore V, Riley CP, Adamec J, Akkus O. Immune and inflammatory pathways are involved in inherent bone marrow ossification. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:2528-40. [PMID: 22798134 PMCID: PMC3830098 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow plays a key role in bone formation and healing. Although a subset of marrow explants ossifies in vitro without excipient osteoinductive factors, some explants do not undergo ossification. The disparity of outcome suggests a significant heterogeneity in marrow tissue in terms of its capacity to undergo osteogenesis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We sought to identify: (1) proteins and signaling pathways associated with osteogenesis by contrasting the proteomes of ossified and poorly ossified marrow explants; and (2) temporal changes in proteome and signaling pathways of marrow ossification in the early and late phases of bone formation. METHODS Explants of marrow were cultured. Media conditioned by ossified (n = 4) and poorly ossified (n = 4) subsets were collected and proteins unique to each group were identified by proteomic analysis. Proteomic data were processed to assess proteins specific to the early phase (Days 1-14) and late phase (Days 15-28) of the culture period. Pathways involved in bone marrow ossification were identified through bioinformatics. RESULTS Twenty-eight proteins were unique to ossified samples and eight were unique to poorly ossified ones. Twelve proteins were expressed during the early phase and 15 proteins were specific to the late phase. Several identified pathways corroborated those reported for bone formation in the literature. Immune and inflammatory pathways were specific to ossified samples. CONCLUSIONS The marrow explant model indicates the inflammatory and immune pathways to be an integral part of the osteogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Atakan Gurkan
- />Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, PRB 252, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Ryan Golden
- />Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Vipuil Kishore
- />Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Catherine P. Riley
- />Department of Research and Development Pathology Associates, Medical Laboratories, Spokane, WA 99204 USA
| | - Jiri Adamec
- />Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- />Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH USA
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Wang S, Hu CP, Yuan Q, Zhang WF, Zhou Z, Nie SD, Jiang JL, Li YJ. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 regulates nerve growth factor-promoted differentiation of PC12 cells in a nitric oxide-dependent but asymmetric dimethylargenine-independent manner. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1209-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Dumitrascu R, Dahal BK, Wilhelm J, Konigshoff M, Zakrzewicz D, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Eickelberg O, Guenther A, Leiper J, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. The role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:87ra53. [PMID: 21677199 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, dysregulated response to alveolar injury that culminates in compromised lung function from excess extracellular matrix production. Associated with high morbidity and mortality, IPF is generally refractory to current pharmacological therapies. We examined fibrotic lungs from mice and from patients with IPF and detected increased expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs)--key enzymes that metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, to form l-citrulline and dimethylamine. DDAHs are up-regulated in primary alveolar epithelial type II cells from these mice and patients where they are colocalized with inducible nitric oxide synthase. In cultured alveolar epithelial type II cells from bleomycin-induced fibrotic mouse lungs, inhibition of DDAH suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in an ADMA-dependent manner. In addition, DDAH inhibition reduced collagen production by fibroblasts in an ADMA-independent but transforming growth factor/SMAD-dependent manner. In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the DDAH inhibitor L-291 reduced collagen deposition and normalized lung function. In bleomycin-induced fibrosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreased fibrosis, but an even stronger reduction was observed after inhibition of DDAH. Thus, DDAH inhibition reduces fibroblast-induced collagen deposition in an ADMA-independent manner and reduces abnormal epithelial proliferation in an ADMA-dependent manner, offering a possible therapeutic avenue for attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Sun L, Zhang T, Yu X, Xin W, Lan X, Zhang D, Huang C, Du G. Asymmetric dimethylarginine confers the communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells and leads to VSMC migration through p38 and ERK1/2 signaling cascade. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2727-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Boult JK, Walker-Samuel S, Jamin Y, Leiper JM, Whitley GSJ, Robinson SP. Active site mutant dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 expression confers an intermediate tumour phenotype in C6 gliomas. J Pathol 2011; 225:344-52. [PMID: 21590769 DOI: 10.1002/path.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) metabolizes the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Constitutive over-expression of DDAH1, the isoform primarily associated with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) results in increased tumour growth and vascularization, and elevated VEGF secretion. To address whether DDAH1-mediated tumour growth is reliant upon the enzymatic activity of DDAH1, cell lines expressing an active site mutant of DDAH1 incapable of metabolizing ADMA were created. Xenografts derived from these cell lines grew significantly faster than those derived from control cells, yet not as fast as those over-expressing wild-type DDAH1. VEGF expression in DDAH1 mutant-expressing tumours did not differ from control tumours but was significantly lower than that of wild-type DDAH1-over-expressing tumours. Fluorescence microscopy for CD31 and pimonidazole adduct formation demonstrated that DDAH1 mutant-expressing tumours had a lower endothelial content and demonstrated less hypoxia, respectively, than wild-type DDAH1-expressing tumours. However, there was no difference in uptake of the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342. Non-invasive multiparametric quantitative MRI, including the measurement of native T(1) and T(2) relaxation times and apparent water diffusion coefficient, was indicative of higher cellularity in DDAH1-expressing xenografts, which was confirmed by histological quantification of necrosis. C6 xenografts expressing active site mutant DDAH1 displayed an intermediate phenotype between tumours over-expressing wild-type DDAH1 and control tumours. These data suggest that enhanced VEGF expression downstream of DDAH1 was dependent upon ADMA metabolism, but that the DDAH1-mediated increase in tumour growth was only partially dependent upon its enzymatic activity, and therefore must involve an as-yet unidentified mechanism. DDAH1 is an important mediator of tumour progression, but appears to have addition roles independent of its metabolism of ADMA, which need to be considered in therapeutic strategies targeted against the NO/DDAH pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kr Boult
- CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Leiper J, Nandi M. The therapeutic potential of targeting endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 10:277-91. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Law CSL, Leung PY, Ng PKS, Kou CYC, Au KKW, Zhou J, Tsui SKW. The involvement of N-G,N-G-dimethyarginine dimethylhydrolase 1 in the proliferative effect of Astragali radix on cardiac cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:130-135. [PMID: 21130852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Astragali radix (AR) is a widely used traditional medicine in oriental countries for treating various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the effects of AR extracts on rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cardiac cells as well as identified many target genes that mediate the effect of AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of AR extracts on cell proliferation was assessed and cDNA microarray technique was used to analyse the differential gene expressions upon AR treatment in cardiac cells. One of the selected target genes was over-expressed to elucidate its role in cell proliferation. RESULTS AR was shown to promote the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells. Results of cDNA microarray hybridization showed that N-G,N-G-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) gene was up-regulated in AR-treated H9C2 cells and the results were further confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Over-expression of DDAH1 gene in H9C2 cells significantly enhances the cell proliferation. Moreover, a drastic drop of DDAH1 expression in rat ventricular myocardium was observed from day 3 to day 5 after birth, which is the critical transition of cardiomyocytes from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth. CONCLUSIONS AR promotes cardiac cell proliferation and up-regulates the DDAH1, an enzyme that metabolized the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. The effect of AR on the metabolism of NO deserves future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S L Law
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Schaefer MB, Wilhelm J, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Fleming I, Mayer K, Leiper J, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors increases nitric oxide production by modulating dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases. Circulation 2011; 123:1194-204. [PMID: 21382892 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.941484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance caused by endothelial dysfunction, inward vascular remodeling, and severe loss of precapillary pulmonary vessel cross-sectional area. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and its metabolizing enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) play important roles in endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether combined phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibition ameliorates endothelial function by regulating the ADMA-DDAH axis. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of the PDE3/4 inhibitor tolafentrine in vitro on endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. Effects of tolafentrine on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway, DDAH expression, DDAH promoter activity, and cytokine release from endothelial cells and their subsequent influence on DDAH expression were investigated. In monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats, the effects of inhaled tolafentrine on DDAH expression and activity were investigated. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and PDE activity assays suggested high expression of PDE3 and PDE4 isoforms in endothelial cells. Treatment of endothelial cells with PDE3/4 inhibitor significantly decreased ADMA-induced apoptosis via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway by induction of DDAH2. Chronic nebulization of PDE3/4 inhibitor significantly attenuated monocrotaline-induced hemodynamic, gas exchange abnormalities, vascular remodeling, and right heart hypertrophy. Interestingly, PDE3/4 inhibitor treatment reduced ADMA and elevated nitric oxide/cGMP levels. Mechanistically, this could be attributed to direct modulatory effects of cAMP on the promoter region of DDAH2, which was consequently found to be increased in expression and activity. Furthermore, PDE3/4 inhibitor suppressed apoptosis in endothelial cells and increased vascularization in the lung. CONCLUSION Combined inhibition of PDE3 and 4 regresses development of pulmonary hypertension and promotes endothelial regeneration by modulating the ADMA-DDAH axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Gray GA, Patrizio M, Sherry L, Miller AA, Malaki M, Wallace AF, Leiper JM, Vallance P. Immunolocalisation and activity of DDAH I and II in the heart and modification post-myocardial infarction. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:413-23. [PMID: 19481782 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N(G) monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and their local concentration is determined by the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs). The current study in male Wistar rats was designed to immunolocalise DDAH I and II in relation to NOS and to investigate changes in distribution, activity and ADMA content in the acute period following myocardial infarction (MI) resulting from coronary artery ligation. Seven days after the coronary artery ligation, L-Arg and methylated arginine content, as well as DDAH activity were determined in homogenates of left ventricular (LV) infarct and border. The distribution of immunoreactive DDAH I, DDAH II, eNOS and iNOS were determined in sections of LV. In healthy hearts, DDAH I was absent, however, DDAH II was localized to endothelium and endocardium with a similar distribution to that of eNOS. Following MI, LV DDAH activity was increased (to 210+/-19% of control, P<0.05). Both DDAH I and DDAH II proteins were detected in peri-infarct cardiomyocytes, while DDAH II immunoreactivity was additionally localized to infiltrating inflammatory cells and blood vessels in the healing infarct. Both plasma and LV concentrations of the DDAH substrate, ADMA, were increased post-MI, although the ratio of Arg:ADMA was retained in the LV post-MI relative to sham operated controls. In conclusion, DDAH II has a distribution similar to eNOS in healthy myocardium. The increased levels and activity of DDAH I and DDAH II enzymes following myocardial infarction suggest a potential role for them in local protection of NOS enzymes from inhibition by methylated arginines during infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Kong LM, Liao CG, Fei F, Guo X, Xing JL, Chen ZN. Transcription factor Sp1 regulates expression of cancer-associated molecule CD147 in human lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1463-70. [PMID: 20384626 PMCID: PMC11159187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CD147 is a novel cancer-associated biomarker that plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of human lung cancer. In spite of its many known functions, little is known about CD147 transcriptional regulation. In this study, we explored the regulation of CD147 in human lung cancer tissues. Over 60% of the human lung cancer tissues expressed differential high levels of CD147. We then cloned the 5'-flanking region of the human CD147 gene and identified a critical promoter region at -108 to -42 which contained one binding site for Sp1, which was essential in up-regulating CD147 promoter activity. These results were proven by blocking Sp1 using RNAi or mithramycin A treatment and up-regulating Sp1 using transfection with eukaryotic expression vector. Consistent with the CD147 transcription activation, a high level of Sp1 expression was detected in lung cancer cell lines overexpressing CD147. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that much more Sp1 could bind to the CD147 promoter in 95-D with CD147 high expression than in SK-MES-1 with CD147 low expression. There was a significant positive correlation between CD147 expression and Sp1 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry (r = 0.831). Collectively, our results suggest that Sp1 is essential for regulating the CD147 gene expression in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Min Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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42
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Schade D, Kotthaus J, Clement B. Modulating the NO generating system from a medicinal chemistry perspective: Current trends and therapeutic options in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 126:279-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Torondel B, Nandi M, Kelly P, Wojciak-Stothard B, Fleming I, Leiper J. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of DDAH improves vascular tone regulation. Vasc Med 2010; 15:205-13. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x09360264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) degrades asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. In mammals, two isoforms of DDAH, DDAH1 and DDAH2, are expressed in the cardiovascular system, suggesting that ADMA concentrations are actively regulated in blood vessels, raising the possibility that cardiovascular metabolism of ADMA constitutes a novel mechanism for the regulation of NO production. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of DDAH-catalyzed asymmetric methylarginine metabolism in the regulation of vascular function. We developed adenoviral vectors for the expression of human DDAH1 and 2. Overexpression of DDAH1 or 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) increases DDAH activity, reduces ADMA concentrations and increases NO production. Similarly, overexpression of DDAH1 or 2 in DDAH1+/ — mice carotid vessels increases NO production and attenuates the response to phenylephrine (PE), enhances acetylcholine (ACh) relaxation and attenuates the effect of exogenously applied ADMA. Finally, overexpression of either DDAH1 or 2 completely reversed the vascular dysfunction seen in DDAH1+/— mice. These data indicate that basal concentrations of ADMA in blood vessels are sufficient to regulate NO production, that increases in the level of either DDAH1 or 2, improves vascular function and that overexpression of either DDAH1 or 2 is sufficient to compensate for life-long exposure to elevated ADMA. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of DDAH expression or activity may represent a novel approach to improve vascular dysfunction in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Torondel
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Manasi Nandi
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Beata Wojciak-Stothard
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Leiper
- The British Heart Foundation Laboratories, The Rayne Institute, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Rodionov RN, Dayoub H, Lynch CM, Wilson KM, Stevens JW, Murry DJ, Kimoto M, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Cooke JP, Baumbach GL, Faraci FM, Lentz SR. Overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase protects against cerebral vascular effects of hyperhomocysteinemia. Circ Res 2009; 106:551-8. [PMID: 20019334 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperhomocysteinemia is a cardiovascular risk factor that is associated with elevation of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). OBJECTIVE Using mice transgenic for overexpression of the ADMA-hydrolyzing enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1), we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of DDAH1 protects from adverse structural and functional changes in cerebral arterioles in hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in DDAH1 transgenic (DDAH1 Tg) mice and wild-type littermates using a high methionine/low folate (HM/LF) diet. Plasma total homocysteine was elevated approximately 3-fold in both wild-type and DDAH1 Tg mice fed the HM/LF diet compared with the control diet (P<0.001). Plasma ADMA was approximately 40% lower in DDAH1 Tg mice compared with wild-type mice (P<0.001) irrespective of diet. Compared with the control diet, the HM/LF diet diminished endothelium-dependent dilation to 10 micromol/L acetylcholine in cerebral arterioles of both wild-type (12 + or - 2 versus 29 + or - 3%; P<0.001) and DDAH1 Tg (14 + or - 3 versus 28 + or - 2%; P<0.001) mice. Responses to 10 micromol/L papaverine, a direct smooth muscle dilator, were impaired with the HM/LF diet in wild-type mice (30 + or - 3 versus 45 + or - 5%; P<0.05) but not DDAH1 Tg mice (45 + or - 7 versus 48 + or - 6%). DDAH1 Tg mice also were protected from hypertrophy of cerebral arterioles (P<0.05) but not from accelerated carotid artery thrombosis induced by the HM/LF diet. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of DDAH1 protects from hyperhomocysteinemia-induced alterations in cerebral arteriolar structure and vascular muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman N Rodionov
- Department of Internal Medicine, C32 GH, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Maas R, Erdmann J, Lüneburg N, Stritzke J, Schwedhelm E, Meisinger C, Peters A, Weil J, Schunkert H, Böger RH, Lieb W. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 gene are associated with prevalence of hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2009; 60:488-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The DDAH/ADMA pathway in the control of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:1243-7. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0371243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) is a cardiovascular risk factor and an endogenous inhibitor of NOS (nitric oxide synthase). ADMA is metabolized by DDAHs (dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases). ADMA levels are increased in cardiovascular disorders associated with abnormal angiogenesis but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent studies show that altering ADMA metabolism in vivo and in vitro modulates the activity of Rho GTPases, key regulators of actin dynamics, endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. In the present review, we consider this and other NO-dependent and -independent molecular mechanisms by which the DDAH/ADMA pathway regulates angiogenesis.
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Ivashchenko CY, Bradley BT, Ao Z, Leiper J, Vallance P, Johns DG. Regulation of the ADMA-DDAH system in endothelial cells: a novel mechanism for the sterol response element binding proteins, SREBP1c and -2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 298:H251-8. [PMID: 19915177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00195.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular disease as an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The regulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), the enzyme responsible for metabolizing ADMA, is poorly understood. The transcription factor sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) is activated by statins via a reduction of membrane cholesterol content. Because the promoters of both DDAH1 and DDAH2 isoforms contain sterol response elements, we tested the hypothesis that simvastatin regulates DDAH1 and DDAH2 transcription via SREBP. In cultured endothelial cells, simvastatin increased DDAH1 mRNA expression compared with vehicle. In an ADMA loading experiment, simvastatin treatment resulted in a decrease in ADMA content, an indication of increased DDAH activity. The knockdown of SREBP1c protein led to an increase in DDAH1 mRNA expression and activity, whereas the knockdown of SREBP2 led to a decrease in DDAH1 mRNA expression. The role of SREBP2 in the activation of the DDAH1 was supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrating increased binding of SREBP2 to the DDAH1 promoter upon simvastatin stimulation. These data indicate that SREBP1c might act as a repressor and SREBP2 as an activator of DDAH transcription and activity. This study describes a novel mechanism of reciprocal regulation by the SREBP family members of the DDAH-ADMA system, which represents a potential link between cellular cholesterol content and endothelial dysfunction observed in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Ivashchenko
- GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways Center for Excellence in Drug Discovery, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Fiedler LR, Bachetti T, Leiper J, Zachary I, Chen L, Renné T, Wojciak-Stothard B. The ADMA/DDAH pathway regulates VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:2117-24. [PMID: 19778944 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.194035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor and cardiovascular risk factor associated with angiogenic disorders. Enzymes metabolising ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH) promote angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are not clear. We hypothesized that ADMA/DDAH modifies endothelial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by affecting activity of Rho GTPases, regulators of actin polymerization, and focal adhesion dynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of ADMA on VEGF-induced endothelial cell motility, focal adhesion turnover, and angiogenesis were studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and DDAH I heterozygous knockout mice. ADMA inhibited VEGF-induced chemotaxis in vitro and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in an NO-dependent way. ADMA effects were prevented by overexpression of DDAH but were not associated with decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, or changes in VEGFR-2 activity or expression. ADMA inhibited endothelial cell polarization, protrusion formation, and decreased focal adhesion dynamics, resulting from Rac1 inhibition after decrease in phosphorylation of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Constitutively active Rac1, and to a lesser extent dominant negative RhoA, abrogated ADMA effects in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The ADMA/DDAH pathway regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in an NO- and Rac1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna R Fiedler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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Vazquez J, Hall SC, Greco MA. Protein expression is altered during spontaneous sleep in aged Sprague Dawley rats. Brain Res 2009; 1298:37-45. [PMID: 19729003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in brain function include those affecting learning, memory, and sleep-wakefulness. Sleep-wakefulness is an essential behavior that results from the interaction of multiple brain regions, peptides, and neurotransmitters. The biological function(s) of sleep, however, remains unknown due to a paucity of information available at the cellular level. Aged rats exhibit alterations in the circadian and homeostatic influences associated with sleep-wake regulation. We recently showed that alterations in cortical profiles occur after timed bouts of spontaneous sleep in young rats. Examination of the cellular response to sleep-wake in old rats may thus provide insight(s) into the biological function(s) of sleep. To test this hypothesis, we monitored cortical profiles in the frontal cortex of young and old Sprague-Dawley rats after timed bouts of spontaneous sleep-wake behavior. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), visualized by fluorescent staining, imaged, and analyzed as a function of behavioral state and age. Old rats showed a 6-fold increase in total protein expression, independent of the behavioral state at sacrifice. When analyzed according to age and behavioral state, there was a decrease (approximately 46%) in the number of phospho-spots present during SWS in aged animals. SWS-associated spots present only in old animals were associated with multiple functions including vesicular transport, cell signaling, oxidation state, cytoskeletal support, and energy metabolism. These data suggest that the intracellular response to the signaling associated with spontaneous sleep is affected by age and is consistent with the idea that the ability of sleep to fulfill its function(s) may become diminished with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Vazquez
- Behavioral Biochemistry Laboratory, Biosciences Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Kim MR, Choi HS, Yang JW, Park BC, Kim JA, Kang KW. Enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated angiogenesis in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells: role of Pin1 overexpression. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2163-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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