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Khan MI, Khare A, Arif K, Khan SS, Nasir A, Lari S. Dental pulp stones and their correlation with metabolic diseases. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:192-199. [PMID: 39157846 PMCID: PMC11329071 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_536_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp calcifications or pulp stones are calcified structures found in dental pulp, mostly around or enclosing a blood vessel. The formation of these calcifications begins with concentric layers of calcified tissue within which remnants of necrotic and calcified cells may be present. The calcifications of thrombi in blood vessels, called phleboliths, may also serve as nidi for denticles. In metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or poor periodontal health, there are obvious changes in blood vessels and vascularization. In our study, we observed histopathological sections of dental pulp and correlated systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension with poor periodontal health and dental pulp stones. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the histopathology of dental pulp stones, their distribution among various age groups and sexes and to identify any correlations between pulp stone formation and systemic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension. Materials and Methods Samples from 100 patients with metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension were collected. The pulp was extirpated from the teeth that were undergoing root canal treatment, and the teeth were extracted. The collected pulp sample was fixed in 10% formaline neutral buffer, subjected to routine histopathological procedures and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The pulp of teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment was considered a control for patients with no metabolic disease. Results There was a definite relationship between increased pulp stones and metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension; likewise, poor periodontal health was significantly related to pulp stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhisheik Khare
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushboo Arif
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameera Shamim Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdullah Nasir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ghaila, IIM Road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shafik Lari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Safedabad, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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Li X, Xu W, Lin X, Wu J, Wu B. Effect of LncRNA-MALAT1 on mineralization of dental pulp cells in a high-glucose microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921364. [PMID: 36035997 PMCID: PMC9402893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) belongs to the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) family. LncRNA-MALAT1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and is involved in a variety of diseases and biological processes. Although LncRNA-MALAT1 is upregulated in a high-glucose microenvironment and may participate in odontogenic differentiation, the underlying mechanism is not yet well elucidated. Here, we show that MALAT1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in situ hybridization. In addition, high levels of mineralization-related factors, namely, tumor growth factors β 1 and 2 (TGFβ-1 and TGFβ-2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1 (BMPR1), SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Msh homeobox 2 (MSX2), transcription factor SP7 (SP7), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), were expressed, and MALAT1 was significantly overexpressed in DPCs 7 and 14 days after mineralization induction in a high-glucose microenvironment, but only TGFβ-1, BMP2, MSX2, SP7, ALP, and DSPP were significantly downregulated in DPCs after MALAT1 inhibition. MALAT1 may participate in the mineralization process of DPCs by regulating multiple factors (TGFβ-1, BMP2, MSX2, SP7, ALP, and DSPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Buling Wu,
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs and Myokines and Interactions with Serum Osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Moderate and Poor Glycemic Control: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7453000. [PMID: 34917685 PMCID: PMC8670937 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular miRNAs are expressed in tissue fluids with sufficient amounts and were identified as potential molecular targets for studying the physiological mechanisms and correlations with many human diseases particularly diabetes. However, molecular-based changes among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) are rarely fully elucidated. AIM This study is aimed at identifying circulating miRNAs, which hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for the immune-inflammatory changes in older T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control status. In addition, the association of both myokines and osteopontin (OPN) levels with circulating miRNAs was identified. METHODS A total of 80 subjects aged 20-80 years were invited during the period of October 2017-May 2018 to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. All subjects were diagnosed with T2D for more than 5 years. Subjects were grouped based on glycemic control (HbA1c values) into two groups: moderate glycemic control (>7-8% HbA1c, no = 30) and poor glycemic control (>8% HbA1c, no = 50), respectively. Diabetic control parameters, fasting blood sugar (FS), HbA1c, fasting insulin (IF), insulin resistance (IR), HOMA-IR, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and CRP), osteopontin, and myokines (adropin and irisin) were estimated by colorimetric and immune ELISA assays, respectively. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144, in the serum of all diabetic subjects. RESULTS In this study, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, CRP, and OPN and a reduction in the levels of myokines, adropin and irisin, compared to patients with moderate glycemic control. The results obtained are significantly correlated with the severity of diabetes measured by HbA1c, FS, IF, and HOMA-IR. In addition, baseline expression of miR-146a is significantly reduced and miR-144 is significantly increased in T2D patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with moderate glycemic control. In all diabetic groups, the expression of miR-146a and miR-144 is significantly correlated with diabetic controls, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum levels of OPN. Respective of gender, women with T2D showed more significant change in the expressed miRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, OPN, and serum myokine markers compared to men. ROC analysis identified AUC cutoff values of miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN expression levels with considerable specificity and sensitivity which recommends the potential use of adropin, irisin, and OPN as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes with varying glycemic control status. CONCLUSION In this study, molecular expression of certain microRNA species, such as miR-146a and miR-144, was identified and significantly associated with parameters of disease severity, HbA1c, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum osteopontin in T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control. The AUC cutoff values of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144; myokines, adropin and irisin; and serum OPN were significantly identified by ROC analysis which additionally recommends the potential use of these biomarkers, miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN, as diagnostic biomarkers with considerable specificity and sensitivity for diabetes in patients with varying glycemic control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Osteopontin's relationship with malnutrition and oxidative stress in adolescents. A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249057. [PMID: 33765028 PMCID: PMC7993823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in inflammatory illnesses such as fibrosis and cancer; its overexpression in cardiovascular diseases promotes the biomineralization of blood vessels and other soft tissues. Moreover, there is an active component of oxidative stress related with those diseases. The present study relates serum OPN levels with nutritional condition and oxidative stress in a group of adolescents. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and fasting blood samples were analyzed to determine OPN concentrations, blood chemistry parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, and creatinine) and oxidative stress biomarkers (Paraoxonase-1, Glutathione S-Transferase, Catalase, NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase, free carbonyl groups and malondialdehyde). Adolescents were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria. We found increased OPN serum concentrations in overweight and obese adolescents, as well as in adolescents with MetS. Rises in OPN correlated with arm circumference and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation; with regard to serum glucose there was a trend to positive correlation. Our results suggest that serum OPN is associated to nutritional status and could be considered as an early biomarker of low-grade inflammation and probably the early biomineralization of soft tissues in adolescence.
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Caserza L, Casula M, Elia E, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Bertolotto M, Artom N, Minetti S, Contini P, Verzola D, Pontremoli R, Viazzi F, Viviani GL, Bertolini S, Pende A, Pisciotta L, Montecucco F, Carbone F. Serum osteopontin predicts glycaemic profile improvement in metabolic syndrome: A pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13403. [PMID: 32918277 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes is often observed in patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and might be associated with metabolic and inflammatory alterations. Here, we investigated whether the inflammatory molecule osteopontin (OPN) might have a prognostic impact in a cohort of MetS patients (n = 85) with baseline normal glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) over one year of recommended pharmacological treatments and Mediterranean diet. Patients were then followed up for 12 months with intermediate evaluation after 6 months. At all time points, anthropometric and clinical data were recorded, alongside with haematological and biochemical profiles, including serum concentrations of OPN. As expected, Mediterranean diet improves glycaemic profile in patients with IFG. Baseline serum OPN failed to be associated with baseline anthropometric or biochemical variables. At baseline, higher levels of OPN were shown in patients with IFG as compared to normal glycaemia. Two distinct subgroups of patients in whom OPN decreased or remained stable/increased at follow-up were identified. When higher serum OPN levels were observed at baseline, greater reduction was observed at 1-year follow-up. Reduction in circulating OPN levels was associated with metabolic improvement in terms of blood pressure, LDL-c, HDL-c, and glycaemia. At both univariate and adjusted logistic regression analyses, serum OPN emerged as an independent predictor of glycaemic profile improvement at 1-year follow-up (adjOR 1.05 [1.00-1.10]; P = .041). In conclusion, pharmacological and dietetic interventions improved glycaemic profile in patients with MetS. In particular, glycaemic improvement was demonstrated in patients who also reduce circulating OPN levels. Higher OPN levels at baseline predict normalization of glycaemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Caserza
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Casula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Edorado Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nathan Artom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale S. Paolo di Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Silvia Minetti
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Pende
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Italy
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Yu W, Xiao L, Que Y, Li S, Chen L, Hu P, Xiong R, Seta F, Chen H, Tong X. Smooth muscle NADPH oxidase 4 promotes angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis by regulating osteopontin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165912. [PMID: 32777344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Angiotensin II (Ang II) is commonly used to induce aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis in animal models. Ang II upregulates NADPH oxidase isoform Nox4 in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in mice. However, whether smooth muscle Nox4 is directly involved in Ang II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis is unclear. METHODS & RESULTS To address this, we used smooth muscle-specific Nox4 dominant-negative (SDN) transgenic mice, in which Nox4 activity is constitutively inhibited. In non-transgenic (NTg) mice, Ang II increased the expression of proteins known to contribute to both aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis, namely osteopontin (OPN), collagen type I&III (Col I&III), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), which were all significantly downregulated in SDN mice. The number and size of Ang II-induced aorta collateral aneurysms and atherosclerotic lesions in the renal artery and aortic root of SDN mice were significantly decreased compared to NTg mice, and directly correlated with a decrease in OPN expression. Replenishing OPN in SDN SMCs, increased the expression of Col I&III, MMP2, and VCAM1, and promoted SMC proliferation, migration, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that smooth muscle Nox4 directly promotes the development of Ang II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis, at least in part, through regulating OPN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yumei Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Wuhan EasyDiagnosis Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Shi J, Fan J, Su Q, Yang Z. Cytokines and Abnormal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:703. [PMID: 31736870 PMCID: PMC6833922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolism action, while others have a negative metabolic role linking to the induction of metabolic dysfunction. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood, but are associated with lipid accumulation in organs and tissues, especially in the adipose and liver tissue, changes in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types, including immune cells. In this review, we describe the roles of certain cytokines in the regulation of metabolism and inter-organ signaling in regard to the pathophysiological aspects. Given the disease-related changes in circulating levels of relevant cytokines, these factors may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders. Moreover, based on preclinical studies, certain cytokines that can induce improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism and immune response may emerge as novel targets of broader and more efficacious treatments and prevention of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Sharif S, Bots ML, Schalkwijk C, Stehouwer CDA, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Association between bone metabolism regulators and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1245-1252. [PMID: 30017437 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) play an important role in the development of vascular calcifications, but it is unclear whether these bone metabolism regulators contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. We therefore aim to determine the relationship between plasma concentrations of OPN, ON, OC and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1003 type 2 diabetes patients included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART)-cohort. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of OPN, ON and OC and arterial stiffness as measured by pulse pressure (PP), ankle-brachial index (ABI) (≥0.9), carotid artery distension and an arterial stiffness summary score. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, kidney function, diabetes duration and diastolic blood pressure. Higher OPN plasma levels were significantly related to a lower ABI (β-0.013; 95%CI -0.024 to -0.002) and a higher arterial stiffness summary score (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.03-1.49). OPN levels were not related to PP (β 0.59; 95%CI -0.63-1.81) or absolute carotid artery distention (β -7.03; 95%CI -20.00-5.93). ON and OC plasma levels were not related to any of the arterial stiffness measures. CONCLUSION Only elevated plasma levels of OPN are associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes as measured by the ankle-brachial index and arterial stiffness summary score. These findings indicate that OPN may be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and call for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Icer MA, Gezmen-Karadag M. The multiple functions and mechanisms of osteopontin. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:17-24. [PMID: 30003880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycophosphoprotein having acidic characteristics and rich in aspartic acid. OPN, a multifunctional protein, has important functions on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and kidney stone diseases and in the process of inflammation, biomineralization, cell viability and wound healing. Osteopontin acts on organisms by playing a key role in secretion levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), integrin αvB3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), macrophage and T cells, regulating the osteoclast function and affecting CD44 receptors. The aim of the present review is to address majority of different functions of OPN protein which are known, suspected or suggested through the data obtained about this protein yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, 06500 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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Moreno-Viedma V, Tardelli M, Zeyda M, Sibilia M, Burks JD, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin-deficient progenitor cells display enhanced differentiation to adipocytes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29519755 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN, Spp1) is a protein upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese subjects. Deletion of OPN protects mice from high-fat diet-induced WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the alterations mediated by loss of OPN in WAT before the obesogenic challenge have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we hypothesised that the lack of OPN might enhance the pro-adipogenic micro environment before obesity driven inflammation. METHODS OPN deficiency was tested in visceral (V) and subcutaneous (SC) WAT from WT and Spp1-/- female mice. Gene expression for hypoxia, inflammation and adipogenesis was checked in WT vs. Spp1-/- mice (n=15). Adipocytes progenitor cells (APC) were isolated by fluorescence cell sorting and role of OPN deficiency in adipogenesis was investigated by cell images and RT-PCR. RESULTS We show that Spp1-/- maintained normal body and fat-pad weights, although hypoxia and inflammation markers were significantly reduced. In contrast, expression of genes involved in adipogenesis was increased in WAT from Spp1-/- mice. Strikingly, APC from Spp1-/- were diminished but differentiated more efficiently to adipocytes than those from control mice. CONCLUSIONS APC from SC-WAT of lean OPN-deficient mice display an enhanced capacity for differentiating to adipocytes. These alterations may explain the healthy expansion of WAT in the OPN-deficient model which is associated with reduced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Deborah Burks
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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12
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El-Din DSS, Amin AI, Egiza AO. Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29531595 PMCID: PMC5839439 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests. RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.
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13
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Yilmaz KC, Bal UA, Karacaglar E, Okyay K, Aydinalp A, Yildirir A, Muderrisoglu H. Plasma osteopontin concentration is elevated in patients with coronary bare metal stent restenosis. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:69-74. [PMID: 28841817 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1332313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin is a component of atherosclerotic lesions, secreted by monocytes, macrophages and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, which together are responsible for neointimal proliferation. We examined whether elevated plasma osteopontin concentration was associated with in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We enrolled 91 patients who underwent coronary artery stenting, and 60 control patients with normal findings on coronary angiography, between June 2012 and September 2013. For patients with stents, we measured plasma osteopontin concentration at the first follow-up coronary angiogram. For controls, plasma osteopontin concentration was measured at the time of angiography. RESULTS Of the 91 patients who had undergone coronary artery stenting, 31 (34.1%) had developed in-stent restenosis and the mean time passed to control coronary angiography was 36.7 months (±SD 35.1 months). Mean plasma osteopontin concentration in this group was 2721.4 ± 1787.8 pg/ml, significantly higher than the 60 patients (65.9%) with no in-stent restenosis (1770.4 ± 1208.2 pg/ml, p = .011) and the 60 patients with a normal coronary angiogram (1572.4 ± 904.8 pg/ml, p = .002). There was no significant difference in mean osteopontin concentration between the patients with no in-stent restenosis and the control group (p = .312). CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma osteopontin concentration is associated with in-stent stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Further studies will be needed to establish whether osteopontin can predict in-stent restenosis and guide clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Can Yilmaz
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Abbas Bal
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emir Karacaglar
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Okyay
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Aydinalp
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yildirir
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Muderrisoglu
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Rychlíková J, Vecka M, Jáchymová M, Macášek J, Hrabák P, Zeman M, Vávrová L, Řoupal J, Krechler T, Ák A. Osteopontin as a discriminating marker for pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:55-65. [PMID: 27314293 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We analyzed concentrations of osteopontin (OPN) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in order to determine firstly whether it is useful to distinguish between PDAC patients and those with chronic non-hereditary pancreatitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and secondly whether OPN concentrations depend on the PDAC stage. METHODS Groups consisting of 64 patients with PDAC, 71 with CP, 67 with T2DM and 48 healthy controls (CON) were enrolled in the study. Controls were compared with regard to levels of OPN, oxidative stress markers, conventional tumor markers and other biochemical parameters. RESULTS Levels of OPN were higher in patients with PDAC compared with CP patients (P< 0.001), T2DM (P< 0.001) and CON (P< 0.001). There were increased OPN levels in CP patients in comparison with T2DM (P< 0.001) and CON (P< 0.001). Patients with PDAC in stage IV had higher OPN levels than PDAC patients in stage III (P< 0.01). There was no difference in OPN levels of PDAC patients in stage III compared to patients in stage II. CONCLUSION Our pilot study demonstrates the usefulness of estimating OPN levels to differentiate between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Higher OPN levels over 102 ng/ml could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rychlíková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Jáchymová
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Macášek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hrabák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Zeman
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vávrová
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Řoupal
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Krechler
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Ák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Grün NG, Zeyda K, Moreno-Viedma V, Strohmeier K, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. A humanized osteopontin mouse model and its application in immunometabolic obesity studies. Transl Res 2016; 178:63-73.e2. [PMID: 27490454 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in several inflammatory processes and pathogeneses including obesity-related disorders and cancer. OPN binds to a variety of integrin receptors and CD44 resulting in a proinflammatory stimulus. Therefore, OPN constitutes a novel interesting target to develop new therapeutic strategies, which counteract OPN's proinflammatory properties. We established a humanized SPP1 (hSPP1) mouse model and evaluated its suitability as a model for obesity and insulin resistance. Unchallenged hSPP1 animals did not significantly differ in body weight and gross behavioral properties compared to wild-type (WT) animals. High-fat diet-challenged hSPP1 similarly developed obesity and inflammation, whereas insulin resistance was markedly changed. However, OPN expression profile in tissues was significantly altered in hSPP1 compared to WT depending on the diet. In conclusion, we developed a versatile humanized model to study the action of OPN in vivo and to develop strategies that target human OPN in a variety of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department Health, Section Biomedical Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Strohmeier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Grün NG, Strohmeier K, Moreno-Viedma V, Le Bras M, Landlinger C, Zeyda K, Wanko B, Leitner L, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Peptide-based vaccination against OPN integrin binding sites does not improve cardio-metabolic disease in mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:85-94. [PMID: 27639826 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes insulin resistance via a chronic low-grade inflammation. This inflammation is characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory markers and macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue (AT). AT inflammation is a key factor causing insulin resistance and thus type 2 diabetes, both linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Osteopontin (OPN), a well-known inflammatory cytokine, is involved in obesity-linked complications including AT inflammation, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and CVD. During inflammation, OPN is proteolytically cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases or thrombin leading to increased OPN activity. Therefore, OPN provides a new interesting target for immunological prevention and treatment of obesity-associated diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate peptide-based vaccines against integrin binding sites of OPN and to examine whether these active immunotherapies are functional in reducing metabolic tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis in a cardio-metabolic (Ldlr-/- mice) and a diet-induced obesity model (WT mice). However, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and AT inflammation were not diminished after treatment with OPN-derived peptides in murine models. Lack of efficacy was based on a failure to induce antibodies capable to bind epitopes in the context of functional OPN protein. In conclusion, our data point to unexpected challenges in the immunotherapeutic targeting of adhesive motives, such as RGD containing sequences, on endogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Strohmeier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Karina Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department Health, Section Biomedical Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wanko
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Leitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Osteopontin in relation to Prognosis following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1868739. [PMID: 27597799 PMCID: PMC5002285 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1868739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events may occur even after complete revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease. We measured preoperative osteopontin (OPN) levels in 131 consecutive patients (66.5 ± 10 years old, 117 men and 14 women) with left ventricular ejection fraction of 50.7 ± 9.2% and low logistic EuroScore (3.5 ± 3.2%) undergoing elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. Patients were prospectively followed up for a median of 12 months (range 11–24). The primary study endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, need for repeat revascularization, and hospitalization for cardiovascular events. Pre-op OPN plasma levels were 77.9 (49.5, 150.9). Patients with prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had significantly higher OPN levels compared to those without [131.5 (52.2, 219) versus 73.3 (45.1, 125), p = 0.007]. OPN levels were positively related to EuroScore (r = 0.2, p = 0.031). Pre-op OPN levels did not differ between patients who had a major adverse event during follow-up compared to those with no event (p = 0.209) and had no effect on the hazard of future adverse cardiac events [HR (95% CI): 1.48 (0.43–4.99), p = 0.527]. The history of AMI was associated with increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events at follow-up (p = 0.02). OPN is associated with preoperative risk assessment prior to low-risk CABG but did not independently predict outcome.
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18
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Gordin D, Groop PH. Aspects of Hyperglycemia Contribution to Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Complications in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016; 10:1059-64. [PMID: 26956240 PMCID: PMC5032944 DOI: 10.1177/1932296816636894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the blood glucose level is of outmost importance for the prevention of the micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications observed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although the pathogenesis behind the complex cascade of complications is far from solved, one possible mechanism could be a negative effect of glucose on the arteries resulting in a stiffening of the arteries and ultimately in vascular complications. Intriguingly, patients with T1D have been shown to suffer from premature arterial aging compared to nondiabetic subjects-an association that is even more evident in the presence of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Arterial stiffness has in several patient populations been shown to independently predict cardiovascular disease. However, interventional studies aimed at attenuating arterial stiffness to reduce cardiovascular disease in T1D are yet to come. Moreover, most of the data on pharmacological treatments of arterial stiffening are directed toward pathophysiological pathways other than hyperglycemia. Interestingly, the sodium-glucose transport-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin was recently shown to reduce both blood pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether, these effects can also be replicated in patients with T1D is an intriguing question. Tight metabolic and antihypertensive control are still of central importance for the prevention and the treatment of diabetic complications. However, the need for a noninvasive intermediate marker to identify at risk patients for aggressive treatment is evident. One such tool might be arterial stiffness linking diabetes to increased cardiovascular risk. Future research efforts exploring large-scale databases will play a key role in the identification of other clinically useful markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gordin
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Di Marco E, Gray SP, Kennedy K, Szyndralewiez C, Lyle AN, Lassègue B, Griendling KK, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species limit fibrosis and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:556-567. [PMID: 27445103 PMCID: PMC5446082 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and fibrosis contribute to the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative stress caused by increased production or unphysiological location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a known major pathomechanism. However, in atherosclerosis, in particular under hyperglycaemic/diabetic conditions, the hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) is protective. Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this paradoxical atheroprotection of vascular smooth muscle NOX4 under conditions of normo- and hyperglycaemia both in vivo and ex vivo. Following 20-weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Apoe(-/-) mice showed a reduction in SM-alpha-actin and calponin gene expression with concomitant increases in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), osteopontin (OPN) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin when compared to non-diabetic controls. Genetic deletion of Nox4 (Nox4(-/)(-)Apoe(-/-)) exacerbated diabetes-induced expression of PDGF, OPN, collagen I, and proliferation marker Ki67. Aortic SMCs isolated from NOX4-deficient mice exhibited a dedifferentiated phenotype including loss of contractile gene expression, increased proliferation and ECM production as well as elevated levels of NOX1-associated ROS. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated PDGF signalling in NOX4-deficient SMCs mediated the loss of calponin and increase in fibronectin, while the upregulation of NOX1 was associated with the increased expression of OPN and markers of proliferation. These findings demonstrate that NOX4 actively regulates SMC pathophysiological responses in diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice and in primary mouse SMCs through the activities of PDGF and NOX1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Di Marco
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kit Kennedy
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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20
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Kay AM, Simpson CL, Stewart JA. The Role of AGE/RAGE Signaling in Diabetes-Mediated Vascular Calcification. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6809703. [PMID: 27547766 PMCID: PMC4980539 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6809703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AGE/RAGE signaling has been a well-studied cascade in many different disease states, particularly diabetes. Due to the complex nature of the receptor and multiple intersecting pathways, the AGE/RAGE signaling mechanism is still not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight key areas of AGE/RAGE mediated vascular calcification as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling heavily influences both cellular and systemic responses to increase bone matrix proteins through PKC, p38 MAPK, fetuin-A, TGF-β, NFκB, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in both hyperglycemic and calcification conditions. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to increase oxidative stress to promote diabetes-mediated vascular calcification through activation of Nox-1 and decreased expression of SOD-1. AGE/RAGE signaling in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification was also attributed to increased oxidative stress resulting in the phenotypic switch of VSMCs to osteoblast-like cells in AGEs-induced calcification. Researchers found that pharmacological agents and certain antioxidants decreased the level of calcium deposition in AGEs-induced diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. By understanding the role the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade plays diabetes-mediated vascular calcification will allow for pharmacological intervention to decrease the severity of this diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - C. LaShan Simpson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - James A. Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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21
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Berglund LM, Lyssenko V, Ladenvall C, Kotova O, Edsfeldt A, Pilgaard K, Alkayyali S, Brøns C, Forsblom C, Jonsson A, Zetterqvist AV, Nitulescu M, McDavitt CR, Dunér P, Stancáková A, Kuusisto J, Ahlqvist E, Lajer M, Tarnow L, Madsbad S, Rossing P, Kieffer TJ, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson P, Groop PH, Vaag A, Lindblad B, Gottsäter A, Laakso M, Goncalves I, Groop L, Gomez MF. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Stimulates Osteopontin Expression in the Vasculature via Endothelin-1 and CREB. Diabetes 2016; 65:239-54. [PMID: 26395740 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone with extrapancreatic effects beyond glycemic control. Here we demonstrate unexpected effects of GIP signaling in the vasculature. GIP induces the expression of the proatherogenic cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in mouse arteries via local release of endothelin-1 and activation of CREB. Infusion of GIP increases plasma OPN concentrations in healthy individuals. Plasma endothelin-1 and OPN concentrations are positively correlated in patients with critical limb ischemia. Fasting GIP concentrations are higher in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke) when compared with control subjects. GIP receptor (GIPR) and OPN mRNA levels are higher in carotid endarterectomies from patients with symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax) than in asymptomatic patients, and expression associates with parameters that are characteristic of unstable and inflammatory plaques (increased lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and reduced smooth muscle cell content). While GIPR expression is predominantly endothelial in healthy arteries from humans, mice, rats, and pigs, remarkable upregulation is observed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells upon culture conditions, yielding a "vascular disease-like" phenotype. Moreover, the common variant rs10423928 in the GIPR gene is associated with increased risk of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Blotting, Western
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Arteries/cytology
- Case-Control Studies
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microvessels/cytology
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/genetics
- Stroke/complications
- Stroke/genetics
- Stroke/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olga Kotova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sami Alkayyali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Pontus Dunér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alena Stancáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Lajer
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark HEALTH University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark HEALTH University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Stoynev N, Dimova I, Rukova B, Hadjidekova S, Nikolova D, Toncheva D, Tankova T. Gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with hypertension and patients with type 2 diabetes. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 15:702-9. [PMID: 23337395 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32835dbcc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the expression of atherosclerosis-associated genes in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients (14 men, 13 women), mean age 43.26 ± 11.69 years, were included in the study, which was divided into three groups: group 1 - patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and normal glucose tolerance (n = 9), group 2 - normotensive individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 9), and control group - normotensive individuals with normal glucose tolerance (n = 9). Gene expression analysis was performed with Human Atherosclerosis RT2 Profiler PCR Array. RESULTS In patients with hypertension, we found eight genes with increased expression - FABP3, FAS, FN1, IL1R2, LPL, SERPINE1, TGFB1, and VCAM1. Decreased expression was observed for two genes - SELPLG and SERPINEB2. In patients with type 2 diabetes we found seven up-regulated genes - APOE, BAX, MMP1, NFKB1, PDGFB, SPP1, and TGFB2, whereas no specifically down-regulated genes were observed. Three genes - KLF2, PDGFRB, and PPARD were found to be expressed only in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION Hypertension is associated with increased expression of FABP3, FAS, FN1, IL1R2, LPL, SERPINE1, TGFB1, and VCAM1 and decreased expression of SELPLG and SERPINEB2. The up-regulation of FAS, FN1, SERPINE1, TGFB1, and VCAM1 might be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased expression of APOE, BAX, MMP1, NFKB1, PDGFB, SPP1, and TGFB2. KLF2 and PPARD might be part of protective mechanisms that limit target organ damage in both disease conditions. Expression of PDGFRB might play an important role in the pathogenesis of both hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Stoynev
- aDepartment of Diabetology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology bDepartment of Medical Genetics cDepartment of Physiology, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
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23
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Serum Osteopontin Concentrations in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Gordin D, Forsblom C, Panduru NM, Thomas MC, Bjerre M, Soro-Paavonen A, Tolonen N, Sandholm N, Flyvbjerg A, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH. Osteopontin is a strong predictor of incipient diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2593-600. [PMID: 24969575 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein suggested to be a player in the arterial disease of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its role for complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. We therefore investigated the associations between OPN and diabetic vascular complications and all-cause mortality in patients with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum OPN was measured in 2,145 adults with T1D without end-stage renal disease (ESRD; dialysis or transplantation) as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Data on renal status, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality during follow-up were verified from medical files, hospital discharge registries, and the Finnish National Death Registry, respectively. The median follow-up time was 10.5 (interquartile range 8.9-11.8) years. RESULTS Serum OPN was higher at baseline in patients who developed incident microalbuminuria (16.0 ± 0.9 vs. 14.1 ± 0.2 µg/L; P = 0.04), progressed to ESRD (28.3 ± 1.7 vs. 15.4 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001), suffered an incident CVD event (20.2 ± 1.2 vs. 15.5 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001), or died (23.3 ± 1.4 vs. 15.8 ± 0.2 µg/L; P < 0.001) during follow-up. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, OPN was independently associated with the development of incident microalbuminuria, an incident CVD event, and death, after adjustments for associated risk factors. Even after calculating reclassification indexes, OPN was predictive of CVD and all-cause mortality beyond the Framingham risk score covariates and hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPN is a strong predictor of incipient diabetic nephropathy, a first-ever CVD event, and all-cause mortality in patients with T1D. Serum OPN may be of clinical significance for the risk prediction of CVD events in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gordin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolae M Panduru
- Second Clinical Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and the Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aino Soro-Paavonen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Tolonen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and the Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, and the Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Wolak T. Osteopontin - a multi-modal marker and mediator in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:327-37. [PMID: 25128758 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of the vessel wall with systemic correlates. It is now well established that patients' outcome is tightly linked to atherosclerotic plaque stability, potentially more so than to the mere plaque size. Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein, which was recognized as a significant participant in the atherosclerotic inflammatory milieu. Evidence from several genetic mouse models suggests that OPN is an enhancer of atherosclerosis. This may be mediated by its capacity to enhance inflammation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Interestingly, OPN may also possess potentially protective vascular effects, such as attenuation of vascular calcification. In humans circulating levels of OPN were found to be independently associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, several studies report that high plasma OPN levels were associated with increased risk for major adverse cardiac events. This review aims to critically assess current understanding of the role of OPN in the atherosclerotic process, from animal models to clinical practice. Specific focus is given to evaluating whether OPN could serve as a marker for monitoring coronary atherosclerosis severity, and in parallel, assess the evidence for its role as a mediator in the pathogenic pathways leading to atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Wolak
- Hypertension Unit Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
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26
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Park SY, Kim KH, Seo KW, Bae JU, Kim YH, Lee SJ, Lee WS, Kim CD. Resistin derived from diabetic perivascular adipose tissue up-regulates vascular expression of osteopontin via the AP-1 signalling pathway. J Pathol 2014; 232:87-97. [PMID: 24089355 PMCID: PMC4285806 DOI: 10.1002/path.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated in the development of vascular diseases; however, the roles of PVAT on OPN expression in diabetic vasculature remain to be determined. This study investigated the role of adipokines derived from diabetic PVAT in regulating the vascular expression of OPN and explored the mechanisms involved. Aortic sections of ob/ob and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) mice showed an increased expression of OPN, which was paralleled by increased amounts of PVAT characterized by enlargement of adipocytes. In the earlier phase of HFD feeding, macrophage infiltration was mainly localized to the area of PVAT at which adipocytes were enlarged, suggesting a potential link of activated adipocytes to macrophage infiltration. PVAT sections of ob/ob and DIO mice revealed a significantly greater number of macrophages with increased expression of adipokines, including resistin and visfatin. The distribution of resistin in PVAT mostly co-localized with macrophages, while visfatin was expressed in macrophages and other cells. In in vitro studies, OPN expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) co-cultured with PVAT of DIO mice was significantly increased, which was attenuated by a resistin-neutralizing antibody. Likewise, resistin up-regulated expression of OPN mRNA and protein in cultured VSMCs and the pivotal role of AP-1 in resistin-induced OPN transcription was demonstrated. Resistin produced by PVAT plays a pivotal role in the up-regulated expression of OPN in the diabetic vasculature via a signalling pathway that involves activation of AP-1. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Park
- Medical Research Centre for Ischaemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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27
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Atorvastatin inhibits hyperglycemia-induced expression of osteopontin in the diabetic rat kidney via the p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2551-8. [PMID: 24452713 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a large phosphoglycoprotein adhesion molecule, which is up-regulated in the kidneys of humans and mice with diabetes, has emerged as a potentially key pathophysiological contributor in diabetic nephropathy. Here, we investigated the role of OPN in kidney injury caused by diabetic nephropathy and the effect of atorvastatin on the expression of OPN and on diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in rats, and atorvastatin (5 mg/kg) was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks. We analyzed the expression and regulation of OPN in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley albino rats by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression of OPN was increased in diabetic rat kidney, and atorvastatin inhibited this process. Atorvastatin also decreased the expression and phosphorylation of p38. In vitro, atorvastatin inhibited the high glucose-induced OPN expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These results suggested that atorvastatin reduced the expression of OPN through inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway. The expression of OPN was associated with kidney injury. These molecules may represent therapeutic targets for the prevention of acute kidney injury induced by diabetes.
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28
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Neuhofer A, Wernly B, Leitner L, Sarabi A, Sommer NG, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. An accelerated mouse model for atherosclerosis and adipose tissue inflammation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:23. [PMID: 24438079 PMCID: PMC3902066 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and particularly the metabolic syndrome, which is often associated with obesity, combine a major risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence indicate obesity-associated subclinical inflammation primarily originating from adipose tissue as a common cause for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a suitable and well-characterized mouse model to simultaneously study obesity-associated metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis is not available yet. Here we established and characterized a murine model combining diet-induced obesity and associated adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic deteriorations as well as atherosclerosis, hence reflecting the human situation of cardio-metabolic disease. Methods We compared a common high-fat diet with 0.15% cholesterol (HFC), and a high-fat, high-sucrose diet with 0.15% cholesterol (HFSC) fed to LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice. Insulin resistance, glucose tolerance, atherosclerotic lesion formation, hepatic lipid accumulation, and inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue and liver were assessed. Results After 12–16 weeks, LDLR-/- mice fed HFSC or HFC developed significant diet-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance compared to lean controls. Notably, HFSC-fed mice developed significantly higher adipose tissue inflammation in parallel with significantly elevated atherosclerotic lesion area compared to those on HFC. Moreover, LDLR-/- mice on HFSC showed increased insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance relative to those on HFC. After prolonged feeding (20 weeks), however, no significant differences in inflammatory and metabolic parameters as well as atherosclerotic lesion formation were detectable any more between LDLR-/- mice fed HFSC or HFC. Conclusion The use of high sucrose rather than more complex carbohydrates in high-fat diets significantly accelerates development of obesity-driven metabolic complications and atherosclerotic plaque formation parallel to obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation in LDLR-/- mice. Hence LDLR-/- mice fed high-fat high-sucrose cholesterol-enriched diet appear to be a suitable and time-saving animal model for cardio-metabolic disease. Moreover our results support the suggested interrelation between adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Nakajima Y, Inagaki Y, Hiroshima Y, Kido JI, Nagata T. Advanced glycation end-products enhance calcification in cultured rat dental pulp cells. J Endod 2013; 39:873-8. [PMID: 23791254 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amorphous calcification frequently appears in dental pulp tissues of diabetic patients; however, its pathologic process has not been fully elucidated. We previously found that pulp stones and thickened predentin occurred more frequently in diabetic rats. Recent findings demonstrated that accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) might be involved in vascular calcification complicated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AGE on calcified nodule formation by rat dental pulp cells in culture. METHODS Rat dental pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts were independently cultured with 50 and 100 μg/mL AGE. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule formation were measured. Expressions of receptor for AGE, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of OPN and OCN secreted in culture medium were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AGE (50 and 100 μg/mL) markedly increased both alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule formation in dental pulp cells (P < .01), whereas it did not affect those in gingival fibroblasts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that AGE increased mRNA expressions of receptor for AGE, OPN, and OCN in dental pulp cells (P < .05). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed that the protein levels of OPN and OCN produced by dental pulp cells were higher in AGE-treated than in untreated cells (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AGE enhanced the calcification potentials of rat dental pulp cells, suggesting that it may stimulate pathologic calcification of diabetic dental pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakajima
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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30
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Osteopontin and other regulators of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in the vitreous from patients with proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:493043. [PMID: 23055574 PMCID: PMC3465918 DOI: 10.1155/2012/493043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the angiogenic and fibrogenic factors osteopontin (OPN), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and the antiangiogenic and antifibrogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in the vitreous fluid from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with no PVR (RD). Vitreous samples from 48 PDR, 17 PVR and 30 RD patients were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OPN, HMGB1, CTGF, and PEDF levels were significantly higher in PDR patients than in RD patients (P < 0.001; 0.002; <0.001; <0.001, resp.). CTGF and PEDF levels were significantly higher in PVR patients than in RD patients (P < 0.001; 0.004, resp.). Exploratory logistic regression analysis identified significant associations between PDR and high levels of HMGB1, CTGF and PEDF, between PDR with active neovascularization and high levels of CTGF and PEDF, and between PDR with traction retinal detachment and high levels of HMGB1. In patients with PDR, there were significant correlations between the levels of PEDF and the levels of OPN (r = 0.544, P = 0.001), HMGB1 (r = 0.719, P < 0.001), and CTGF (r = 0.715, P < 0.001). In patients with PVR, there were significant correlations between the levels of OPN and the levels of HMGB1 (r = 0.484, P = 0.049) and PEDF (r = 0.559, P = 0.02). Our findings suggest that OPN, HMGB1, and CTGF contribute to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders and that increased levels of PEDF may be a response to counterbalance the activity of angiogenic and fibrogenic factors in PDR and PVR.
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31
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Neyestani TR, Nikooyeh B, Alavi-Majd H, Shariatzadeh N, Kalayi A, Tayebinejad N, Heravifard S, Salekzamani S, Zahedirad M. Improvement of vitamin D status via daily intake of fortified yogurt drink either with or without extra calcium ameliorates systemic inflammatory biomarkers, including adipokines, in the subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:2005-11. [PMID: 22442277 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Systemic inflammation is thought to have a central role in diabetic long-term complications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D either with or without extra calcium on certain inflammatory biomarkers in the subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial conducted over 12 wk in 90 T2D subjects aged 30-60 yr from both sexes. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups to receive two 250-ml bottles a day of plain Persian yogurt drink or doogh (PD, containing 150 mg calcium and no detectable vitamin D(3)/250 ml), vitamin D-fortified doogh (DD, containing 500 IU vitamin D(3) and 150 mg calcium/250 ml), or calcium + vitamin D(3)-fortified doogh (CDD, containing 500 IU vitamin D(3) and 250 mg calcium/250 ml). OUTCOME MEASURES The changes in inflammatory markers were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to the baseline values, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, fibrinogen, and retinol binding protein-4 concentrations significantly decreased in both the DD and CDD groups. Although the decrement in highly sensitive C-reactive protein and fibrinogen was more in CDD compared to DD (-4.0 ± 8.5 vs. -1.3 ± 2.8 mg/liter, and -0.40 ± 0.74 and -0.20 ± 0.52 mg/liter, respectively), the differences were not significant. There was a significant increase in serum adiponectin in both the DD and CDD groups (51.3 ± 65.3 vs. 57.1 ± 33.8 μg/liter; P < 0.05). Mean adiponectin changes in CDD were significantly higher than in PD (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of vitamin D-fortified doogh improved inflammatory markers in T2D subjects, and extra calcium conferred additional benefit only for the antiinflammatory adipokine, i.e. adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573 Tehran, Iran.
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Ren X, Wei Q, Shao H, Sun Z, Liu N. A rat model of diabetic artery calcification. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:497-503. [PMID: 21750399 DOI: 10.3275/7865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a rat model that shares the similarities of calcification in diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats received a high-fat diet during 8 weeks followed by a low dose of streptozotocin. Half of them were treated with vitamin D3 and nicotine (VDN) 1 week after streptozotocin injection (DM) (DM+VDN). The others were treated with vehicle (DM). Arterial calcification was facilitated by vitamin D3 and nicotine in age-matched rats (VDN). Measurements of metabolic parameters, aortic calcium content, von Kossa staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and immunohistochemistry for osteopontin were performed. The expression of genes and proteins associated with calcification were also examined. RESULTS Treatment with VDN alone resulted in a small but not significant elevation of calcium content in aorta. However, in DM+VDN, aortic calcium content increased significantly as compared to the VDN. This calcification had also dramatically increased, as shown by von Kossa staining. Mechanistic studies revealed that addition of VDN treatment in diabetic rats enhanced both activity and mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase. This treatment in diabetic- rats also enhanced the expression of core binding factor α 1 and its downstream protein osteopontin. In aorta, strong immunostaining for osteopontin was observed in DM+VDN. The result was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a model of accelerated arterial calcification in diabetes have been established and this model could be useful to investigate mechanisms related to vascular complication in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ren
- Institute for Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No.87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Chagan-Yasutan H, Tsukasaki K, Takahashi Y, Oguma S, Harigae H, Ishii N, Zhang J, Fukumoto M, Hattori T. Involvement of osteopontin and its signaling molecule CD44 in clinicopathological features of adult T cell leukemia. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jin X, Fu GX, Li XD, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Expression and function of osteopontin in vascular adventitial fibroblasts and pathological vascular remodeling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23558. [PMID: 21949681 PMCID: PMC3176202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is known to play important roles in various diseases including vascular disorders. However, little is known about its expression and function in vascular adventitial fibroblasts. Adventitial fibroblasts have been shown to play a key role in pathological vascular remodeling associating with various vascular disorders. In this study, we measured activation of Osteopontin and its biological functions in cultured adventitial fibroblasts and injured rat carotid injury arteries induced by balloon angioplasty. Our results showed that angiotensin II and aldosterone increased Osteopontin expression in adventitial fibroblasts in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MAPKs and AP-1 pathways were involved in Osteopontin upregulation. In addition, Adventitial fibroblast migration stimulated by Angiotensin II and aldosterone required OPN expression. Perivascular delivery of antisense oligonucleotide for Osteopontin suppressed neointimal formation post-injury. We concluded that upregulation of Osteopontin expression in adventitial fibroblasts might be important in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling after arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Biological Science, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-xiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-dong Li
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Cangemi C, Skov V, Poulsen MK, Funder J, Twal WO, Gall MA, Hjortdal V, Jespersen ML, Kruse TA, Aagard J, Parving HH, Knudsen S, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Rossing P, Henriksen JE, Argraves WS, Rasmussen LM. Fibulin-1 is a marker for arterial extracellular matrix alterations in type 2 diabetes. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1556-65. [PMID: 21926180 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix alterations are important elements in the arterial changes seen in diabetes, being associated with increased vascular stiffness and the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, no biomarkers for diabetes-related arterial changes have been defined. METHODS Mammary artery specimens from 17 men with type 2 diabetes and 18 nondiabetic individuals were used for microarray expression profiling, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoassay, and immunohistochemical analyses. A derived candidate marker, fibulin-1, which is an elastin-associated matrix molecule, was measured immunochemically in plasma from (a) 70 patients scheduled for vascular surgery, (b) 305 patients with type 2 diabetes examined with carotid ultrasonography and echocardiography, and (c) 308 patients with type 2 diabetes, followed for 15 years. RESULTS The most upregulated transcript in nonatherosclerotic arterial tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes encoded the extracellular matrix protein, fibulin-1. Higher concentrations of fibulin-1-protein were present in artery extracts from patients with diabetes than extracts from individuals without diabetes, and increased fibulin-1 immunostaining was apparent around the external elastic lamina of diabetic arteries. Patients with diabetes displayed increased plasma concentrations of fibulin-1 (P = 0.006). Plasma fibulin-1 concentrations correlated with hemoglobin A(1c) (P < 0.001), arterial stiffness indices including pulse pressure (P < 0.001), and carotid compliance (P = 0.004), as well as plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations (P < 0.001) and were predictive of 15-year mortality (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Fibulin-1 accumulates in the arterial wall and in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes, and appears to be a factor associated with arterial extracellular matrix changes in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cangemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Institute, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark
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Association between osteopontin promoter variants and diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart in the Japanese population. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1141-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yan X, Sano M, Lu L, Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wang L, Chen Q, Fukuda K, Shen W. Plasma concentrations of osteopontin, but not thrombin-cleaved osteopontin, are associated with the presence and severity of nephropathy and coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:70. [PMID: 21034455 PMCID: PMC2988001 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess possible associations between osteopontin (OPN), and thrombin-cleaved (N-half) OPN, and nephropathy and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Plasma levels of OPN, N-half OPN, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined in 301 diabetic patients with (n = 226) or without (n = 75) angiographically documented CAD (luminal diameter narrowing >50%), as well as in 75 non-diabetic controls with normal angiography. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated in all patients. Results Plasma levels of OPN and hsCRP were significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared with controls. In addition, there was a higher occurrence of moderate renal insufficiency and lower eGFR in patients with T2DM (all P < 0.01). T2DM patients in whom OPN levels were greater than the median value had higher serum creatinine levels, a greater prevalence of mild or moderate renal insufficiency, a higher incidence of CAD, and lower eGFR (all P < 0.05) than T2DM patients in whom OPN levels were the same as or lower than the median value. However, there were no differences in these parameters when patients were stratified according to plasma N-half OPN levels. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between OPN, but not N-half OPN, and the severity of nephropathy and CAD in diabetes. After adjustment for potential confounders and treatments, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between OPN, but not N-half OPN, and eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher OPN levels conferred a fourfold greater risk of renal insufficiency and CAD in patients with T2DM. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that there is an independent association between plasma levels of OPN, but not N-half OPN, and the presence and severity of nephropathy and CAD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kadoglou NPE, Avgerinos ED, Liapis CD. An update on markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Biomark Med 2010; 4:601-9. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis constitutes an important cause of ischemic brain attack and stroke, accounting for up to 40% of cases of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for stroke and its recurrence. Thus, identifying diabetic patients who are at high risk of developing stroke is of great clinical importance. Noninvasive measurements of surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, such as novel serum biomarkers, can be helpful in detecting subclinical carotid disease, especially among individuals at the highest cardio-/cerebro-vascular risk. Previous studies have proposed an expanding body of serum biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, adipokines, cytokines and growth factors, as novel indicators of carotid atherosclerosis development that predict carotid-related clinical outcomes. Furthermore, those biomarkers are expected to assess the efficacy of both pharmaceutical and interventional strategies. Accordingly, it is increasingly clear that measuring biomarkers may improve the definition of cerebrovascular risk profile in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efthimios D Avgerinos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Inagaki Y, Yoshida K, Ohba H, Seto H, Kido JI, Haneji T, Nagata T. High glucose levels increase osteopontin production and pathologic calcification in rat dental pulp tissues. J Endod 2010; 36:1014-20. [PMID: 20478457 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulp stones are frequently formed as a pathologic calcification product in dental pulp tissues, but the pathogenesis is poorly understood. We previously found that osteopontin (OPN) was produced by dental pulp cells, and its expression was associated with formation of the pulp stone matrix. It was reported that amorphous calcification appeared in the dental pulp of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between OPN expression and pathologic calcification in rat diabetic pulp. METHODS The effect of glucose on OPN production and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A) was investigated, and then dental pulp calcification and OPN expression in diabetic rats were determined and compared with those in healthy rats by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS In RPC-C2A cells, biochemical analysis showed that a high concentration of glucose (50 mmol/L) increased OPN protein production and alkaline phosphatase activity 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Histologic observations showed more calcified particles in dental pulp tissues in diabetic than in nondiabetic rats. Moreover, a thickened layer of predentin was formed in the radicular pulp of diabetic rats. OPN was more strongly stained around the calcified particles and in the odontoblast zone under the thickened predentin in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS OPN might be a key molecule involved in the increase of pathologic pulp calcifications, which are frequently observed in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Hsieh MS, Zhong WB, Yu SC, Lin JYC, Chi WM, Lee HM. Dipyridamole suppresses high glucose-induced osteopontin secretion and mRNA expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ J 2010; 74:1242-50. [PMID: 20453393 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients are frequently afflicted with medial artery calcification, a predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Diabetes induced the expression of osteopontin in arterial vasculature, which is an indicator of disease progression in artery calcification and vascular stiffness. Signal transduction and strategies that suppress high glucose-induced osteopontin expression in arterial vascular smooth muscle cells is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The incubation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells under high glucose concentration increased osteopontin protein secretion and mRNA expression. Treatment with dipyridamole decreased high glucose-induced osteopontin expression and secretion. Dipyridamole decreased glucose-induced osteopontin through inhibition of phosphodiesterase, thereby increasing intracellular levels of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), and increased thioredoxin expression to inhibit the reactive oxygen species (ROS) system. Induction of osteopontin was reversed when cells were pretreated with N-[2-bromocinnamyl(amino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89, cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor), KT5823 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor), or dinitrochlorobenzene (thioredoxin reductase inhibitor). The antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suppressed glucose-induced osteopontin expression by decreasing ROS concentration. Both H89 and KT5823 downregulated thioredoxin expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel effect for dipyridamole to suppress high glucose-induced osteopontin protein secretion and mRNA expression. Dipyridamole has antioxidant properties and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity, which might be useful to ameliorate diabetic vasculopathy and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Song Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taiwan
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Kiefer FW, Zeyda M, Gollinger K, Pfau B, Neuhofer A, Weichhart T, Säemann MD, Geyeregger R, Schlederer M, Kenner L, Stulnig TM. Neutralization of osteopontin inhibits obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2010; 59:935-46. [PMID: 20107108 PMCID: PMC2844841 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation mediated by immune cells that are primarily located to adipose tissue and liver. The chronic inflammatory response appears to underlie obesity-induced metabolic deterioration including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory cytokine, the expression of which is strongly upregulated in adipose tissue and liver upon obesity. Here, we studied OPN effects in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by targeting OPN action in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and were then intravenously treated with an OPN-neutralizing or control antibody. Insulin sensitivity and inflammatory alterations in adipose tissue and liver were assessed. RESULTS Interference with OPN action by a neutralizing antibody for 5 days significantly improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. Anti-OPN treatment attenuated liver and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory gene expression by increasing macrophage apoptosis and significantly reducing c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation. Moreover, we report OPN as a novel negative regulator for the activation of hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is essential for glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Consequently, OPN neutralization decreased expression of hepatic gluconeogenic markers, which are targets of STAT3-mediated downregulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that antibody-mediated neutralization of OPN action significantly reduces insulin resistance in obesity. OPN neutralization partially decreases obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue and liver and reverses signal transduction related to insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Hence, targeting OPN could provide a novel approach for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W. Kiefer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Gollinger
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Pfau
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Neuhofer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus D. Säemann
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Geyeregger
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author: Thomas M. Stulnig,
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Abstract
Among the most serious consequences of diabetes mellitus is the development of diabetic angiopathy, of which the clinical features are cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Diabetic kidney problems affect up to one third of all patients with diabetes mellitus and are a major cause of end-stage renal failure. Although a huge number of pharmaceutical interventions are available today, diabetic angiopathy remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus, therefore, an urgent need exists to develop new therapeutic strategies. Recent data support the hypothesis that dysregulation of the complement system and of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily may be involved in the development of diabetic vascular complications. The mannose-binding lectin pathway-an overall regulatory component of the complement system-is a particularly promising biomarker as it is directly involved in the development of diabetic angiopathy. In addition, two components of the TNF superfamily, namely TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and osteoprotegerin, may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. Several ways of specifically manipulating the complement and TNF superfamily systems already exist, but whether or not these drugs provide new targets for intervention for late diabetic complications is still to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Flyvbjerg
- Medical Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and The Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Nilsson-Berglund LM, Zetterqvist AV, Nilsson-Ohman J, Sigvardsson M, González Bosc LV, Smith ML, Salehi A, Agardh E, Fredrikson GN, Agardh CD, Nilsson J, Wamhoff BR, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Gomez MF. Nuclear factor of activated T cells regulates osteopontin expression in arterial smooth muscle in response to diabetes-induced hyperglycemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:218-24. [PMID: 19965778 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.199299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recently, we reported that high glucose activates the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in arteries ex vivo. Here, we sought to determine whether hyperglycemia activates NFAT in vivo and whether this leads to vascular complications. METHODS AND RESULTS An intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test in mice increased NFATc3 nuclear accumulation in vascular smooth muscle. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased NFATc3 transcriptional activity in arteries of NFAT-luciferase transgenic mice. Two NFAT-responsive sequences in the osteopontin (OPN) promoter were identified. This proinflammatory cytokine has been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis and restenosis. Activation of NFAT resulted in increased OPN mRNA and protein in native arteries. Glucose-induced OPN expression was prevented by the ectonucleotidase apyrase, suggesting a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A or the novel NFAT blocker A-285222 prevented glucose-induced OPN expression. Furthermore, diabetes resulted in higher OPN expression, which was significantly decreased by in vivo treatment with A-285222 for 4 weeks or prevented in arteries from NFATc3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a glucose-sensitive transcription pathway in vivo, revealing a novel molecular mechanism that may underlie vascular complications of diabetes.
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Jeffcoate WJ, Rasmussen LM, Hofbauer LC, Game FL. Medial arterial calcification in diabetes and its relationship to neuropathy. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2478-88. [PMID: 19756483 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcification of the media of arterial walls is common in diabetes and is particularly associated with distal symmetrical neuropathy. Arterial calcification also complicates chronic kidney disease and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The term calcification is not strictly accurate because the morphological changes incorporate those of new bone formation, i.e. ossification. The processes are complex, but are closely related to those involved in bone homeostasis, and it is relevant that calcification of the arterial wall and osteopenia often co-exist. One particular factor linked to the development of arterial calcification is distal symmetrical neuropathy; indeed, it has been suggested that neuropathy explains the distal distribution of arterial calcification in diabetes. It has also been suggested that the link with neuropathy results from loss of neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, which are inherently protective. The association between distal symmetrical neuropathy and calcification of the arterial wall highlights the fact that neuropathy may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Jeffcoate
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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Chipitsyna G, Gong Q, Anandanadesan R, Alnajar A, Batra SK, Wittel UA, Cullen DM, Akhter MP, Denhardt DT, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Induction of osteopontin expression by nicotine and cigarette smoke in the pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:276-85. [PMID: 19358273 PMCID: PMC4465299 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease with etiological association with cigarette smoking. Nicotine, an important component of cigarettes, exists at high concentrations in the bloodstream of smokers. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein that confers on cancer cells a migratory phenotype and activates signaling pathways that induce cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we investigated the potential molecular basis of nicotine's role in PDA through studying its effect on OPN. Nicotine significantly (p < 0.02) increased OPN mRNA and protein secretion in PDA cells through activation of the OPN gene promoter. The OPN mRNA induction was inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, mechamylamine. Further, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein inhibited the nicotine-mediated induction of OPN, suggesting that mitogen activated protein kinase signaling mechanism is involved. Nicotine activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not p38 or c-Jun NH2-terminal MAP kinases. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation reduced the nicotine-induced OPN synthesis. Rats exposed to cigarette smoke showed a dose-dependent increase in pancreatic OPN that paralleled the rise of pancreatic and plasma nicotine levels. Analysis of cancer tissue from invasive PDA patients, the majority of whom were smokers, showed the presence of significant amounts of OPN in the malignant ducts and the surrounding pancreatic acini. Our data suggest that nicotine may contribute to PDA pathogenesis through upregulation of OPN. They provide the first insight into a nicotine-initiated signal transduction pathway that regulates OPN as a possible tumorigenic mechanism in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Chipitsyna
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qiaoke Gong
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rathai Anandanadesan
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amer Alnajar
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Uwe A. Wittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | - David T. Denhardt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Charles J. Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hwyda A. Arafat
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary & related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Jorsal A, Tarnow L, Flyvbjerg A, Parving HH, Rossing P, Rasmussen LM. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and deterioration of kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2100-7. [PMID: 18719882 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The bone-related peptide osteoprotegerin is produced by vascular cells and is involved in the process of vascular calcification. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of plasma levels of osteoprotegerin in relation to mortality, cardiovascular events and deterioration in kidney function in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS This prospective observational follow-up study included 397 type 1 diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (243 men; age [mean+/-SD] 42.1 +/- 10.6 years, duration of diabetes 28.3 +/- 9.9 years, GFR 67 +/- 28 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(2)) and a group of 176 patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes and persistent normoalbuminuria (105 men; age 42.6 +/- 9.7 years, duration of diabetes 27.6 +/- 8.3 years). RESULTS The median (range) follow-up period was 11.3 (0.0-12.9) years. Among patients with diabetic nephropathy, individuals with high osteoprotegerin levels (fourth quartile) had significantly higher all-cause mortality than patients with low levels (first quartile) (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.00 [1.24-7.27]). High osteoprotegerin levels also predicted cardiovascular mortality (covariate-adjusted HR 4.88 [1.57-15.14]). Furthermore, patients with high osteoprotegerin levels had significantly higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease than patients with low levels (covariate-adjusted HR 4.32 [1.45-12.87]). In addition, patients with high levels of plasma osteoprotegerin had an elevated rate of decline in GFR. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION High levels of osteoprotegerin predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, high levels of osteoprotegerin predict deterioration of kidney function towards end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jorsal
- Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
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de las Fuentes L, Gu CC, Mathews SJ, Reagan JL, Ruthmann NP, Waggoner AD, Lai CF, Towler DA, Dávila-Román VG. Osteopontin promoter polymorphism is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:954-60. [PMID: 18406574 PMCID: PMC2536614 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN)-transgenic mice exhibit increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), smooth muscle cell proliferation, and atheroma formation. METHODS An association of the human T-66G promoter variant with CIMT was examined in Caucasian adults grouped according to metabolic syndrome criteria: present (+MetS; n = 70) or absent (-MetS; n = 70). RESULTS The G-allele frequency was 22%. For the entire cohort, the G group (TG and GG) was associated with significantly lower age-adjusted and gender-adjusted CIMT compared with the TT group (P = .008); similar analysis by metabolic syndrome group found a significant difference only in the -MetS group (P = .018). Stepwise multivariate regression showed that after age and waist circumference, the T-66G variant was the next most predictive of CIMT (P = .007). These data suggest that in a normoglycemic environment, human vascular OPN gene expression contributes to arterial structure, an effect diminished in dysmetabolic states. CONCLUSION Humans with the OPN -66 TT genotype, particularly those without metabolic syndrome, exhibit thicker CIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Koshikawa M, Aizawa K, Kasai H, Izawa A, Tomita T, Kumazaki S, Tsutsui H, Koyama J, Shimodaira S, Takahashi M, Ikeda U. Elevated osteopontin levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Angiology 2008; 60:42-5. [PMID: 18388057 DOI: 10.1177/0003319708314250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to compare concentrations of osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The study population consisted of 200 consecutive subjects in whom both OPN/OPG and ankle-brachial index were measured. It was found that OPN levels, but not OPG levels, were significantly more increased in patients with PAD than those without PAD. Serum OPN levels were significantly lower in subjects with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers than those without these agents. In this study, it has been demonstrated for the first time that serum OPN levels are related to PAD. Inhibition of renin- angiotensin system could decrease OPN levels and prevent the progression of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Koshikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine and Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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49
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Kadoglou NPE, Gerasimidis T, Golemati S, Kapelouzou A, Karayannacos PE, Liapis CD. The relationship between serum levels of vascular calcification inhibitors and carotid plaque vulnerability. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47:55-62. [PMID: 18178454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are well-known vascular calcification inhibitors, which have been recently demonstrated to correlate with inflammation and cardiovascular events incidence. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to survey whether OPN and OPG are involved in carotid plaque vulnerability. For this reason, we assessed serum OPN and OPG levels in patients with carotid stenosis, and we explored their relationship with carotid plaque echogenicity and subsequent cerebrovascular ischemic events. METHODS A total of 164 Whites were selected from a large cohort of 297 subjects to participate. In particular, 114 patients (61 men, 53 women), aged 55 to 80, had recently-diagnosed ICA stenosis higher than 50%. A group of 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy individuals served as healthy controls. Patients with renal failure, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, and lipid-lowering therapy were excluded. Images of both carotids were obtained from all participants using a high-resolution color duplex ultrasound and the gray-scale median (GSM) score was calculated. Brain computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans when CT was questionable, were performed on all patients with carotid stenosis. Clinical parameters, lipid and glycemic indexes, hsCRP, fibrinogen, white blood cells (WBC) count, OPN, and OPG were measured. Independent t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Among patients with carotid stenosis, 60 had history of ipsilateral stroke or TIA and positive CT or MRI findings (group A), while 54 had no neurological symptoms and negative CT and MRI scan (group B). Overall, patients with carotid stenosis showed worse lipid profile and increased waist circumference, blood pressure, hsCRP, fibrinogen, WBC count, OPN, and OPG levels compared with healthy subjects (group C) (P <.05). Statistical analysis revealed that group A had significantly lower levels of GSM than group B (57.41 +/- 38.19 vs 76.32 +/- 36.72; P = .008) and higher levels of hsCRP, OPN, and OPG than groups B and C (P < .05). Concerning the latter, biochemical markers group B showed only elevated OPG levels compared with group C (P = .038). Notably, GSM was considerably associated with serum OPN and OPG and waist circumference in patients with carotid atherosclerosis in univariate (r = -0.333; P = .032, r = -0.575; P < .001, r = -0.590; P =.006, respectively) and multiple regression analysis (R(2) = 0.445; P =.006). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated elevated serum OPN and OPG levels in patients with carotid stenosis and documented an independent association between these biochemical markers, GSM and carotid-induced symptomatology. Therefore bone-matrix proteins combined with GSM could be potential markers for vulnerable carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 124 Vosporou Street, Athens, Greece.
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50
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Arafat HA, Katakam AK, Chipitsyna G, Gong Q, Vancha AR, Gabbeta J, Dafoe DC. Osteopontin protects the islets and beta-cells from interleukin-1 beta-mediated cytotoxicity through negative feedback regulation of nitric oxide. Endocrinology 2007; 148:575-84. [PMID: 17110428 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated glycoprotein that binds to an integrin-binding motif, has been shown to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production via inhibition of induced NO synthase (iNOS) synthesis. In the transplanted islets, iNOS and toxic amounts of NO are produced as a result of islets infiltration with inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that addition of OPN before IL-1beta in freshly isolated rat islets improved their glucose stimulated insulin secretion dose-dependently and inhibited IL-1beta-induced NO production in an arginine-glycine-aspartate-dependent manner. Transient transfection of OPN gene in RINm5F beta-cells fully prevented the toxic effect of IL-1beta at concentrations that reduced the viability by 50% over 3 d. OPN prevention of IL-1beta-induced toxicity was accompanied by inhibited transcription of iNOS by 80%, resulting in 50% decreased formation of the toxic NO. In OPN-transfected cells, the IL-1beta-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity was significantly reduced. Islets exposed to IL-1beta revealed a naturally occurring early up-regulated OPN transcription. OPN promoter activity was increased in the presence of IL-1beta, IL-1beta-induced NO, and an inducer of NO synthesis. These data suggest the presence of a cross talk between the IL-1beta and OPN pathways and a unique trans-regulatory mechanism in which IL-1beta-induced NO synthesis feedback regulates itself through up-regulation of OPN gene transcription. Our data also suggest that influencing OPN expression represents an approach for affecting cytokine-induced signal transduction to prevent or reduce activation of the cascade of downstream devastating effects after islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwyda A Arafat
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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