1
|
Carpentier AC. Tracers and Imaging of Fatty Acid and Energy Metabolism of Human Adipose Tissues. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38113392 PMCID: PMC11283904 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) regulate fatty acid metabolism and control lipid fluxes to other organs. Dysfunction of these key metabolic processes contributes to organ insulin resistance and inflammation leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic tracers combined with molecular imaging methods are powerful tools for the investigation of these pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, I review some of the positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods combined with stable isotopic metabolic tracers to investigate fatty acid and energy metabolism, focusing on human WAT and BAT metabolism. I will discuss the complementary strengths offered by these methods for human investigations and current gaps in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tah S, Valderrama M, Afzal M, Iqbal J, Farooq A, Lak MA, Gostomczyk K, Jami E, Kumar M, Sundaram A, Sharifa M, Arain M. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Evolving Understanding. Cureus 2023; 15:e46152. [PMID: 37900404 PMCID: PMC10613100 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome in which patients have signs and symptoms of HF due to high left ventricular (LV) filling pressure despite normal or near normal LV ejection fraction. It is more common than HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and its diagnosis and treatment are more challenging than HFrEF. Although hypertension is the primary risk factor, coronary artery disease and other comorbidities, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obesity, also play an essential role in its formation. This review summarizes current knowledge about HFpEF, its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, current treatments, and promising novel treatments. It is essential to continue to be updated on the latest treatments for HFpEF so that patients always receive the most therapeutic treatments. The use of GnRH agonists in the management of HFpEF, infusion of Apo a-I nanoparticle, low-level transcutaneous vagal stimulation (LLTS), and estrogen only in post-menopausal women are promising strategies to prevent diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF; however, there is still no proven curative treatment for HFpEF yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Tah
- Surgery, Beckley Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH) Hospital, Beckley, USA
- Surgery, Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, VCT
| | | | - Maham Afzal
- Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Aisha Farooq
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth Pfau Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Medicine, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, POL
| | - Elhama Jami
- Internal Medicine, Herat Regional Hospital, Herat, AFG
| | | | | | | | - Mustafa Arain
- Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murphy J, AlJaroudi WA, Hage FG. Review of cardiovascular imaging in the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2022: positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:941-954. [PMID: 37204688 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology® published many excellent original research articles and editorials focusing on imaging in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review of 2022, we summarize a selection of articles to provide a concise recap of major advancements in the field. In the first part of this 2-part series, we addressed publications pertaining to single-photon emission computed tomography. In this second part, we focus on positron emission tomography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance. We specifically review advances in imaging of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardio-oncology, infectious disease cardiac manifestations, atrial fibrillation, detection and prognostication of atherosclerosis, and technical improvements in the field. We hope that this review will be useful to readers as a reminder to articles they have seen during the year as well as ones they have missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wael A AlJaroudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, GSB 446, 1900 University BLVD, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burrage MK, Lewis AJ, Miller JJJ. Functional and Metabolic Imaging in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Promises, Challenges, and Clinical Utility. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:379-399. [PMID: 35881280 PMCID: PMC10014679 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is recognised as an increasingly prevalent, morbid and burdensome condition with a poor outlook. Recent advances in both the understanding of HFpEF and the technological ability to image cardiac function and metabolism in humans have simultaneously shone a light on the molecular basis of this complex condition of diastolic dysfunction, and the inflammatory and metabolic changes that are associated with it, typically in the context of a complex patient. This review both makes the case for an integrated assessment of the condition, and highlights that metabolic alteration may be a measurable outcome for novel targeted forms of medical therapy. It furthermore highlights how recent technological advancements and advanced medical imaging techniques have enabled the characterisation of the metabolism and function of HFpEF within patients, at rest and during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Burrage
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR); Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Lewis
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR); Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack J J. Miller
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR); Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
- The PET Research Centre and The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghidaglia J, Golse N, Pascale A, Sebagh M, Besson FL. 18F-FDG /18F-Choline Dual-Tracer PET Behavior and Tumor Differentiation in HepatoCellular Carcinoma. A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:924824. [PMID: 35872754 PMCID: PMC9300997 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.924824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-operative recurrence remains the strongest prognostic factor of resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), making the accurate selection of patients with curable HCC a crucial issue. PET imaging combining both 18F-FDG and fatty acid synthase (FAS) radiotracers—such as Choline—has shown its interest for the initial staging and therapeutic management of patients with HCC, but its use is still not consensual. Importantly, the very first dual-tracer PET studies suggested 18F-FDG/FAS PET behavior be linked to the degree of differentiation of HCC, a major predictive factor of post-operative recurrence. Although this key molecular imaging concept may impact how dual-tracer PET will be used in early-stage HCC, its level of evidence remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the available evidence-based data to clarify the relevance of dual 18F-FDG/18F-Choline PET in characterizing the degree of differentiation of HCC tumors. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed/Medline and Embase databases was performed up to November 2021. A systematic review of the dual-tracer 18F-FDG/18F-Choline PET behavior of histology-proven HCC according to their degree of differentiation was conducted. The overall quality of the included studies was critically assessed based on the STROBE guidelines. Information on study date, design, patient cohort characteristics, grade of differentiation of HCC tumors, and the dual-tracer PET behavior per HCC was independently extracted and summarized. Results From 440 records initially available, 6 full-text articles (99 histology-proven HCC) provided dual-tracer 18F-FDG/18F-Choline PET behavior per HCC tumor grade were included in the systematic review. Based on our analysis, 43/99 HCCs were reported to be well-differentiated, and 56/99 HCCs were reported to be less-differentiated tumors. In the well-differentiated subgroup, more than half were exclusively positive for 18F-Choline (51%), whereas 39% were positive for both 18F-FDG and 18F-Choline. In the less-differentiated subgroup, 37% of HCC patients were positive exclusively for FDG, 36% were positive for both 18F-FDG and 18F-Choline, and 25% were positive exclusively for 18F-Choline. Conclusion The 18F-FDG/18F-Choline dual-tracer PET behavior of uptake shows high overlap between well- and less differentiated HCC, making the characterization of tumors challenging based on such PET combination alone. Given our growing knowledge of the molecular complexity of HCC, further studies are necessary to refine our understanding of radiotracers’ behavior in this field and improve the usefulness of PET imaging in the clinical decision process of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ghidaglia
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Golse
- Centre Hépato Biliaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiopathogénèse et Traitement des Maladies du Foie, UMR-S 1193, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alina Pascale
- Centre Hépato Biliaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Mylène Sebagh
- Department of Pathology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florent L Besson
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi X, Liu S, Lin X, Zhao X, Fang L, Ding J, Dang Y, Xing H, Han C, Dong C, Hsu B, Fang W, Li F, Huo L, Knuuti J. Characterization of myocardial oxidative metabolism and myocardial external efficiency in high-risk alcohol cardiotoxicity and alcoholic cardiomyopathy via dynamic 11C-Acetate positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:278-288. [PMID: 32557237 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate subjects with high-risk alcohol cardiotoxicity and patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) via dynamic 11C-Acetate positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a myocardial oxidative metabolic probe. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 37 subjects with chronic alcohol consumption [18 with moderate consumption (MC), 19 with heavy consumption (HC)], 5 ACM patients, and 12 healthy controls to receive dynamic 11C-Acetate PET scans. PET imaging data were analyzed to calculate kinetic parameters (e.g., Kmono, K1 and k2) based on the mono-exponential and one-tissue compartmental models. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and myocardial external efficiency (MEE) were then derived from these kinetic parameters. MVO2 was significantly lowered in the HC group and in ACM patients (0.121± 0.018 and 0.111 ± 0.017 mL·g-1·min-1, respectively) compared with those in healthy controls and MC subjects (0.144 ± 0.023 and 0.146 ± 0.027 mL·g-1·min-1, respectively; P < .01). MEE was significantly reduced in ACM patients (13.0% ± 4.3%) compared with those of healthy controls (22.4% ± 4.6%, P < .01), MC subjects (20.1% ± 4.5%, P < .05), and HC subjects (22.3% ± 4.5%, P < .001). CONCLUSION Functional assessment via dynamic 11C-Acetate PET imaging may represent a clinically feasible probe for identifying cohorts with high-risk cardiotoxicity due to addictive alcohol consumption and ACM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yonghong Dang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiqun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Bailing Hsu
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sorensen J. PET imaging of heart diseases by Acetate. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
8
|
Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Congestive Heart Failure. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Farber G, Boczar KE, Wiefels CC, Zelt JG, Guler EC, deKemp RA, Beanlands RS, Rotstein BH. The Future of Cardiac Molecular Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:367-385. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
11
|
Sörensen J, Harms HJ, Aalen JM, Baron T, Smiseth OA, Flachskampf FA. Myocardial Efficiency: A Fundamental Physiological Concept on the Verge of Clinical Impact. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 13:1564-1576. [PMID: 31864979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial external efficiency is the relation of mechanical energy generated by the left (or right) ventricle to the consumed chemical energy from aerobic metabolism. Efficiency can be calculated invasively, and, more importantly, noninvasively by using positron emission tomography, providing a single parameter by which to judge the adequacy of myocardial metabolism to generated mechanical output. This parameter has been found to be impaired in heart failure of myocardial or valvular etiology, and it changes in a characteristic manner with medical or interventional cardiac therapy. The authors discuss the concept, strengths, and limitations, known applications, and future perspectives of the use of myocardial efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Sörensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Johannes Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John M Aalen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Baron
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Otto Armin Smiseth
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mankoff DA, Pantel AR, Viswanath V, Karp JS. Advances in PET Diagnostics for Guiding Targeted Cancer Therapy and Studying In Vivo Cancer Biology. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 7:97-108. [PMID: 37092138 PMCID: PMC10117535 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review We present an overview of recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostics as applied to the study of cancer, specifically as a tool to study in vivo cancer biology and to direct targeted cancer therapy. The review is directed to translational and clinical cancer investigators who may not be familiar with these applications of PET cancer diagnostics, but whose research might benefit from these advancing tools. Recent Findings We highlight recent advances in 3 areas: (1) the translation of PET imaging cancer biomarkers to clinical trials; (2) methods for measuring cancer metabolism in vivo in patients; and (3) advances in PET instrumentation, including total-body PET, that enable new methodologies. We emphasize approaches that have been translated to human studies. Summary PET imaging methodology enables unique in vivo cancer diagnostics that go beyond cancer detection and staging, providing an improved ability to guide cancer treatment and an increased understanding of in vivo human cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Varsha Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maurer A, Bowden G, Cotton J, Parl C, Krueger MA, Pichler BJ. Acetuino-A Handy Open-Source Radiochemistry Module for the Preparation of [1- 11C]Acetate. SLAS Technol 2018; 24:321-329. [PMID: 30500308 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318812341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiosynthesis of [1-11C]acetate is well described in literature, but all syntheses either require adaptations in complex commercial synthesizers or rely on closed-source hardware and software control. Arduino microcontrollers are ideal for the compact, flexible, and inexpensive control of low-complexity hardware, making them particularly suited for radiochemistry where operation in space-limited shielded hot cells is mandatory. We established a [1-11C]acetate radiosynthesis module for combination with a [11C]MeI module available in almost every lab working with 11C. Its small footprint even enables back-to-back production in a hot cell already occupied by other modules. Using this setup, we achieved a reliable and flexible supply of this tracer, with radiochemical yields of 51.4 ± 28.2% and radiochemical purities (RCPs) of 94.4 ± 6.7% ( n = 9) in a synthesis time of 15 minutes. Positron emission tomography (PET) and biodistribution analysis demonstrated low background uptake in healthy mice, with highest uptake in liver and kidneys. Arduino microcontrollers have become valuable and versatile tools in our lab for the automatization of low-complexity procedures not requiring full-blown commercial radiochemistry synthesizers, as showcased here for the production of [1-11C]acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maurer
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregory Bowden
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cotton
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Parl
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Krueger
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- 1 Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harms HJ, Hansson NHS, Kero T, Baron T, Tolbod LP, Kim WY, Frøkiær J, Flachskampf FA, Wiggers H, Sörensen J. Automatic calculation of myocardial external efficiency using a single 11C-acetate PET scan. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1937-1944. [PMID: 29946824 PMCID: PMC6280778 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial external efficiency (MEE) is defined as the ratio of kinetic energy associated with cardiac work [forward cardiac output (FCO)*mean systemic pressure] and the chemical energy from oxygen consumed (MVO2) by the left ventricular mass (LVM). We developed a fully automated method for estimating MEE based on a single 11C-acetate PET scan without ECG-gating. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy controls, 34 patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS), and 20 patients with mitral valve regurgitation (MVR) were recruited in a dual-center study. MVO2 was calculated using washout of 11C -acetate activity. FCO and LVM were calculated automatically using dynamic PET and parametric image formation. FCO and LVM were also obtained using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in all subjects. The correlation between MEEPET-CMR and MEEPET was high (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) without significant bias. MEEPET was 23.6 ± 4.2% for controls and was lowered in AVS (17.2 ± 4.3%, P < 0.001) and in MVR (18.0 ± 5.2%, P = 0.004). MEEPET was strongly associated with both NYHA class (P < 0.001) and the magnitude of valvular dysfunction (mean aortic gradient: P < 0.001, regurgitant fraction: P = 0.009). CONCLUSION A single 11C-acetate PET yields accurate and automated MEE results on different scanners. MEE might provide an unbiased measurement of the phenotypic response to valvular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J. Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Tanja Kero
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Baron
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars P. Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Won Y. Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Frank A. Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Wiggers
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pantel AR, Ackerman D, Lee SC, Mankoff DA, Gade TP. Imaging Cancer Metabolism: Underlying Biology and Emerging Strategies. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1340-1349. [PMID: 30042161 PMCID: PMC6126440 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a characteristic feature of malignancy that has been exploited for both imaging and targeted therapy. With regard to imaging, deranged glucose metabolism has been leveraged using 18F-FDG PET. Metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG, however, probes only the early steps of glycolysis; the complexities of metabolism beyond these early steps in this single pathway are not directly captured. New imaging technologies-both PET with novel radiotracers and MR-based methods-provide unique opportunities to investigate other aspects of cellular metabolism and expand the metabolic imaging armamentarium. This review will discuss the underlying biology of metabolic dysregulation in cancer, focusing on glucose, glutamine, and acetate metabolism. Novel imaging strategies will be discussed within this biologic framework, highlighting particular strengths and limitations of each technique. Emphasis is placed on the role that combining modalities will play in enabling multiparametric imaging to fully characterize tumor biology to better inform treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ackerman
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hankir MK, Klingenspor M. Brown adipocyte glucose metabolism: a heated subject. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846404. [PMID: 30135070 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy expending and glucose sink properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT) make it an attractive target for new obesity and diabetes treatments. Despite decades of research, only recently have mechanistic studies started to provide a more complete and consistent picture of how activated brown adipocytes handle glucose. Here, we discuss the importance of intracellular glycolysis, lactate production, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and beta-oxidation for BAT thermogenesis in response to natural (temperature) and artificial (pharmacological and optogenetic) forms of sympathetic nervous system stimulation. It is now clear that together, these metabolic processes in series and in parallel flexibly power ATP-dependent and independent futile cycles in brown adipocytes to impact on whole-body thermal, energy, and glucose balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany .,German Research Foundation Collaborative Research Center in Obesity Mechanisms 1052, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany .,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Manabe O, Kikuchi T, Scholte AJHA, El Mahdiui M, Nishii R, Zhang MR, Suzuki E, Yoshinaga K. Radiopharmaceutical tracers for cardiac imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1204-1236. [PMID: 29196910 PMCID: PMC6133155 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disease burden worldwide. Nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging with either single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography has been used extensively to perform diagnosis, monitor therapies, and predict cardiovascular events. Several radiopharmaceutical tracers have recently been developed to evaluate CVD by targeting myocardial perfusion, metabolism, innervation, and inflammation. This article reviews old and newer used in nuclear cardiac imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Manabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Development, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arthur J H A Scholte
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed El Mahdiui
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ryuichi Nishii
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Development, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mikkelsen EFR, Mariager CØ, Nørlinger T, Qi H, Schulte RF, Jakobsen S, Frøkiær J, Pedersen M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-acetate Renal Metabolic Clearance Rate Mapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16002. [PMID: 29167446 PMCID: PMC5700138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
11C-acetate is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer of oxidative metabolism, whereas hyperpolarized 13C-acetate can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for investigating specific metabolic processes. The aims of this study were to examine if the kinetic formalism of 11C-acetate PET in the kidneys is comparable to that of 13C-acetate MRI, and to compare the dynamic metabolic information of hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI with that obtained with 11C-acetate PET. Rats were examined with dynamic hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI or 11C-acetate PET before and after intravenous injection of furosemide, a loop diuretic known to alter both the hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in the kidney. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were estimated and compared between the two modalities experimentally in vivo and in simulations. There was a clear dependency on the mean transit time and MCR for both 13C-acetate and 11C-acetate following furosemide administration, while no dependencies on the apparent renal perfusion were observed. This study demonstrated that hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI is feasible for measurements of the intrarenal energetic demand via the MCR, and that the quantitative measures are correlated with those measured by 11C-acetate PET, even though the temporal window is more than 30 times longer with 11C-acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmeli F R Mikkelsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Nørlinger
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rolf F Schulte
- GE healthcare, Freisinger Landstraße 50, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
As the field of PET has expanded and an ever-increasing number and variety of compounds have been radiolabeled as potential in vivo tracers of biochemistry, transporters have become important primary targets or facilitators of radiotracer uptake and distribution. A transporter can be the primary target through the development of a specific high-affinity radioligand: examples are the multiple high-affinity radioligands for the neuronal membrane neurotransmitter or vesicular transporters, used to image nerve terminals in the brain. The goal of a radiotracer might be to study the function of a transporter through the use of a radiolabeled substrate, such as the application of 3-O-[11C]methyl]glucose to measure rates of glucose transport through the blood-brain barrier. In many cases, transporters are required for radiotracer distributions, but the targeted biochemistries might be unrelated: an example is the use of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]FDG for imaging glucose metabolism, where initial passage of the radiotracer through cell membranes requires the action of specific glucose transporters. Finally, there are transporters such as p-glycoprotein that function to extrude small molecules from tissues, and can effectively work against successful uptake of radiotracers. The diversity of structures and functions of transporters, their importance in human health and disease, and their role in therapeutic drug disposition suggest that in vivo imaging of transporter location and function will continue to be a point of emphasis in PET radiopharmaceutical development. In this review, the variety of transporters and their importance for in vivo PET radiotracer development and application are discussed. Transporters have thus joined the other major protein targets such as G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, enzymes, and aggregated proteins as of high interest for understanding human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van de Weijer T, Paiman EHM, Lamb HJ. Cardiac metabolic imaging: current imaging modalities and future perspectives. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:168-181. [PMID: 28473616 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01051.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, current imaging techniques and their future perspectives in the field of cardiac metabolic imaging in humans are discussed. This includes a range of noninvasive imaging techniques, allowing a detailed investigation of cardiac metabolism in health and disease. The main imaging modalities discussed are magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for determination of metabolite content (triglycerides, glucose, ATP, phosphocreatine, and so on), MRI for myocardial perfusion, and single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography for quantitation of perfusion and substrate uptake.
Collapse
|
22
|
Spick C, Herrmann K, Czernin J. Evaluation of Prostate Cancer with 11C-Acetate PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2017; 57:30S-37S. [PMID: 27694168 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we will first describe the metabolic fate of 11C-acetate; then discuss its biodistribution in health and disease; and subsequently focus on its key clinical applications, the detection and localization of prostate cancer tissue in patients with primary or recurrent disease. Finally, we will discuss the potential role of 11C-acetate in the context of other prostate cancer imaging probes and non-radionuclide-based imaging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spick
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blondin DP, Tingelstad HC, Noll C, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Richard D, Haman F, Carpentier AC. Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated men. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14146. [PMID: 28134339 PMCID: PMC5290270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in producing heat to defend against the cold and can metabolize large amounts of dietary fatty acids (DFA). The role of BAT in DFA metabolism in humans is unknown. Here we show that mild cold stimulation (18 °C) results in a significantly greater fractional DFA extraction by BAT relative to skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue in non-cold-acclimated men given a standard liquid meal containing the long-chain fatty acid PET tracer, 14(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18FTHA). However, the net contribution of BAT to systemic DFA clearance is comparatively small. Despite a 4-week cold acclimation increasing BAT oxidative metabolism 2.6-fold, BAT DFA uptake does not increase further. These findings show that cold-stimulated BAT can contribute to the clearance of DFA from circulation but its contribution is not as significant as the heart, liver, skeletal muscles or white adipose tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) takes up and burns fatty acids for thermogenesis in mice. Here the authors use PET to show that, in humans, cold stimulation increases BAT dietary fatty acid uptake from plasma and oxidative metabolism, although, unlike mice, human BAT takes up less fatty acids than other metabolic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Hans C Tingelstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Pvt. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Christophe Noll
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Pvt. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The marked (18)F-flurodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue (BAT) enabled its identification in human positron emission tomography imaging studies. In this Perspective, we discuss how glucose extraction by BAT and beige adipose tissue (BeAT) sufficiently impacts on glycemic control. We then present a unique overview of the central circuits modulated by gluco-regulatory hormones, temperature, and glucose itself, which converge on sympathetic preganglionic neurons and whose activation syphon circulating glucose into BAT/BeAT. Targeted stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at specific nodes to selectively recruit BAT/BeAT may represent a safe and effective means of treating diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony 04103, Germany.
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash Obesity and Diabetes Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wiebke K Fenske
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li L, Che L, Wang C, Blecha JE, Li X, VanBrocklin HF, Calvisi DF, Puchowicz M, Chen X, Seo Y. [(11)C]acetate PET Imaging is not Always Associated with Increased Lipogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:360-7. [PMID: 26567114 PMCID: PMC4866912 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered metabolism, including increased glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Radiolabeled nutrients, including glucose and acetate, are extensively used for the detection of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). High signal of [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in tumors is often considered to be associated with increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissues. Defining a subset of tumors with increased [(11)C]acetate PET signal and thus increased lipogenesis was suggested to help select a group of patients, who may benefit from lipogenesis-targeting therapies. PROCEDURES To investigate whether [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is truly associated with increased de novo lipogenesis along with hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed [(11)C]acetate PET imaging in wild-type mice as well as two mouse HCC models, induced by myrAKT/Ras(V12) (AKT/Ras) and PIK3CA(1047R)/c-Met (PI3K/Met) oncogene combinations. In addition, we analyzed FASN expression and de novo lipogenesis rate in these mouse liver tissues. RESULTS We found that while HCCs induced by AKT/Ras co-expression showed high levels of [(11)C]acetate PET signal compared to normal liver, HCCs induced by PI3K/Met overexpression did not. Intriguingly, elevated FASN expression and increased de novo lipogenesis rate were observed in both AKT/Ras and PI3K/Met HCCs. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study suggests that [(11)C]acetate PET imaging can be a useful tool for imaging of a subset of HCCs. However, at molecular level, the increased [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is not always associated with increased FASN expression or de novo lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA.
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UCSF Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0946, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular PET provides exquisite measurements of key aspects of the cardiovascular system and as a consequence it plays central role in cardiovascular investigation. Moreover, PET is now playing an ever increasing role in the management of the cardiac patient. Central to the success of PET is the development and use of novel radiotracers that permit measurements of key aspects of cardiovascular health such as myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and neuronal function. Moreover, the development of molecular imaging radiotracers is now permitting the interrogation of cellular and sub cellular processes. This article highlights these various radiotracers and their role in both cardiovascular research and potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gropler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Challapalli A, Aboagye EO. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Cell Metabolism and Application to Therapy Response Monitoring. Front Oncol 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 26973812 PMCID: PMC4770188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells do reprogram their energy metabolism to enable several functions, such as generation of biomass including membrane biosynthesis, and overcoming bioenergetic and redox stress. In this article, we review both established and evolving radioprobes developed in association with positron emission tomography (PET) to detect tumor cell metabolism and effect of treatment. Measurement of enhanced tumor cell glycolysis using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose is well established in the clinic. Analogs of choline, including [(11)C]choline and various fluorinated derivatives are being tested in several cancer types clinically with PET. In addition to these, there is an evolving array of metabolic tracers for measuring intracellular transport of glutamine and other amino acids or for measuring glycogenesis, as well as probes used as surrogates for fatty acid synthesis or precursors for fatty acid oxidation. In addition to providing us with opportunities for examining the complex regulation of reprogramed energy metabolism in living subjects, the PET methods open up opportunities for monitoring pharmacological activity of new therapies that directly or indirectly inhibit tumor cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tarkia M, Stark C, Haavisto M, Kentala R, Vähäsilta T, Savunen T, Strandberg M, Hynninen VV, Saunavaara V, Tolvanen T, Teräs M, Rokka J, Pietilä M, Saukko P, Roivainen A, Saraste A, Knuuti J. Cardiac remodeling in a new pig model of chronic heart failure: Assessment of left ventricular functional, metabolic, and structural changes using PET, CT, and echocardiography. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:655-65. [PMID: 25698475 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Large animal models are needed to study disease mechanisms in heart failure (HF). In the present study we characterized the functional, metabolic, and structural changes of myocardium in a novel pig model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) by using multimodality imaging and histology. METHODS AND RESULTS Male farm pigs underwent a two-step occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with concurrent distal ligation and implantation of a proximal ameroid constrictor (HF group), or sham operation (control group). Three months after the operation, cardiac output and wall stress were measured by echocardiography. Left ventricle (LV) volumes and mass were measured by computed tomography (CT). Myocardial perfusion was evaluated by [(15)O]water and oxygen consumption using [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography, and the efficiency of myocardial work was calculated. Histological examinations were conducted to detect MI, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Animals in the HF group had a large anterior MI scar. CT showed larger LV diastolic volume and lower ejection fraction in HF pigs than in controls. Perfusion and oxygen consumption in the remote non-infarcted myocardium were preserved in HF pigs as compared to controls. Global LV work and efficiency were significantly lower in HF than control pigs and was associated with increased wall stress. Histology showed myocyte hypertrophy but not increased interstitial fibrosis in the remote segments in HF pigs. CONCLUSIONS The chronic post-infarction model of HF is suitable for studies aimed to evaluate LV remodeling and changes in oxidative metabolism and can be useful for testing new therapies for HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miikka Tarkia
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Noll C, Kunach M, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Haman F, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:2388-97. [PMID: 25677914 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous glucose uptake by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is lower in overweight or obese individuals and in diabetes. However, BAT metabolism has not been previously investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes during controlled cold exposure. Using positron emission tomography with (11)C-acetate, (18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG), and (18)F-fluoro-thiaheptadecanoic acid ((18)FTHA), a fatty acid tracer, BAT oxidative metabolism and perfusion and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover were determined in men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and age-matched control subjects under experimental cold exposure designed to minimize shivering. Despite smaller volumes of (18)FDG-positive BAT and lower glucose uptake per volume of BAT compared with young healthy control subjects, cold-induced oxidative metabolism and NEFA uptake per BAT volume and an increase in total body energy expenditure did not differ in patients with type 2 diabetes or their age-matched control subjects. The reduction in (18)FDG-positive BAT volume and BAT glucose clearance were associated with a reduction in BAT radiodensity and perfusion. (18)FDG-positive BAT volume and the cold-induced increase in BAT radiodensity were associated with an increase in systemic NEFA turnover. These results show that cold-induced NEFA uptake and oxidative metabolism are not defective in type 2 diabetes despite reduced glucose uptake per BAT volume and BAT "whitening."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M Labbé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret Kunach
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
11C-acetate PET imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111598. [PMID: 25369426 PMCID: PMC4219725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of glial cells is a cardinal feature in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, and acetate has been reported to be selectively uptaken by astrocytes in the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PET with (11)C-acetate for MS diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 6 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled. The (11)C-acetate brain uptake on PET was measured in patients with MS and HV. Volume-of-interest analysis of cerebral gray and white matter based on the segmentation technique for co-registered MRI and voxel-based statistical parametric analysis were performed. Correlation between 11C-acetate uptake and the lesion number in T1- and T2- weighted MR images were also assessed. RESULTS The standardized uptake value (SUV) of 11C-acetate was increased in both white and gray matter in MS patients compared to HV. Voxel-based statistical analysis revealed a significantly increased SUV relative to that in the bilateral thalami (SUVt) in a broad area of white matter, particularly in the subcortical white matter of MS patients. The numbers of T2 lesions and T1 black holes were significantly correlated with SUV of (11)C-acetate in white and gray matter. CONCLUSIONS The 11C-acetate uptake significantly increased in MS patients and correlated to the number of MRI lesions. These preliminary data suggest that (11)C-acetate PET can be a useful clinical examination for MS patients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Advanced tracers in PET imaging of cardiovascular disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:504532. [PMID: 25389529 PMCID: PMC4214169 DOI: 10.1155/2014/504532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Molecular imaging with targeted tracers by positron emission tomography (PET) allows for the noninvasive detection and characterization of biological changes at the molecular level, leading to earlier disease detection, objective monitoring of therapies, and better prognostication of cardiovascular diseases progression. Here we review, the current role of PET in cardiovascular disease, with emphasize on tracers developed for PET imaging of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bell SP, Adkisson DW, Lawson MA, Wang L, Ooi H, Sawyer DB, Kronenberg MW. Antifailure therapy including spironolactone improves left ventricular energy supply-demand relations in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000883. [PMID: 25164945 PMCID: PMC4310370 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) energy supply-demand imbalance is postulated to cause "energy starvation" and contribute to heart failure (HF) in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and [(11)C] acetate positron emission tomography (PET), we evaluated LV perfusion and oxidative metabolism in NIDCM and the effects of spironolactone on LV supply-demand relations. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve patients with NIDCM underwent CMR and PET at baseline and after ≥6 months of spironolactone therapy added to a standard HF regimen. The myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was calculated after gadolinium injection during adenosine, as compared to rest. The monoexponential clearance rate of [(11)C] acetate (kmono) was used to calculate the work metabolic index (WMI), an index of LV mechanical efficiency, and kmono/RPP (rate-pressure product), an index of energy supply/demand. At baseline, the subendocardium was hypoperfused versus the subepicardium (median MPRI, 1.63 vs. 1.80; P<0.001), but improved to 1.80 (P<0.001) after spironolactone. The WMI increased (P=0.001), as did kmono/RPP (P=0.003). These improvements were associated with reverse remodeling, increased LV ejection fraction, and decreases in LV mass and systolic wall stress (all P<0.002). CONCLUSIONS NIDCM is associated with subendocardial hypoperfusion and impaired myocardial oxidative metabolism, consistent with energy starvation. Antifailure therapy improves parameters of energy starvation and is associated with augmented LV performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique identifier: ID NCT00574119.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan P. Bell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
| | - Douglas W. Adkisson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
| | - Mark A. Lawson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.W.)
| | - Henry Ooi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
- Cardiology Section, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (H.O., M.W.K.)
| | - Douglas B. Sawyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
| | - Marvin W. Kronenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (S.P.B., D.W.A., M.A.L., H.O., D.B.S., M.W.K.)
- Cardiology Section, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN (H.O., M.W.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Tingelstad HC, Noll C, Kunach M, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC, Richard D, Haman F. Increased brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E438-46. [PMID: 24423363 PMCID: PMC4213359 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies examining brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in adult humans have provided convincing evidence of its thermogenic potential and role in clearing circulating glucose and fatty acids under acute mild cold exposure. In contrast, early indications suggest that BAT metabolism is defective in obesity and type 2 diabetes, which may have important pathological and therapeutic implications. Although many mammalian models have demonstrated the phenotypic flexibility of this tissue through chronic cold exposure, little is known about the metabolic plasticity of BAT in humans. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether 4 weeks of daily cold exposure could increase both the volume of metabolically active BAT and its oxidative capacity. DESIGN Six nonacclimated men were exposed to 10°C for 2 hours daily for 4 weeks (5 d/wk), using a liquid-conditioned suit. Using electromyography combined with positron emission tomography with [(11)C]acetate and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose, shivering intensity and BAT oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake, and volume before and after 4 weeks of cold acclimation were examined under controlled acute cold-exposure conditions. RESULTS The 4-week acclimation protocol elicited a 45% increase in BAT volume of activity (from 66 ± 30 to 95 ± 28 mL, P < .05) and a 2.2-fold increase in cold-induced total BAT oxidative metabolism (from 0.725 ± 0.300 to 1.591 ± 0.326 mL·s(-1), P < .05). Shivering intensity was not significantly different before compared with after acclimation (2.1% ± 0.7% vs 2.0% ± 0.5% maximal voluntary contraction, respectively). Fractional glucose uptake in BAT increased after acclimation (from 0.035 ± 0.014 to 0.048 ± 0.012 min(-1)), and net glucose uptake also trended toward an increase (from 163 ± 60 to 209 ± 50 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1)). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that daily cold exposure not only increases the volume of metabolically active BAT but also increases its oxidative capacity and thus its contribution to cold-induced thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Faculty of Health Sciences (D.P.B., H.C.T., F.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (S.M.L., D.R.), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5; Department of Medicine (C.N., M.K., S.P., A.C.C.), Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology (S.P., B.G., E.E.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yoshii Y, Furukawa T, Saga T, Fujibayashi Y. Acetate/acetyl-CoA metabolism associated with cancer fatty acid synthesis: overview and application. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:211-6. [PMID: 24569091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cancer-specific metabolism is important for identifying novel targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Induced acetate/acetyl CoA metabolism is a notable feature that is related to fatty acid synthesis supporting tumor growth. In this review, we focused on the recent findings related to cancer acetate/acetyl CoA metabolism. We also introduce [1-¹¹C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET), which is a useful tool to visualize up-regulation of acetate/acetyl CoA metabolism in cancer, and discuss the utility of [1-¹¹C]acetate PET in cancer diagnosis and its application to personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoshii
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takako Furukawa
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujibayashi
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8035-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
37
|
Abstract
Metabolic imaging has a potential for better understanding of pathophysiology of heart failure. C-11 acetate is taken up by the heart, rapidly converted to acetylCoA and readily metabolized to C-11 CO2 through TCA cycle with oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the myocardial turnover rate of this tracer is tightly correlated with its clearance of C-11 CO2, reflecting overall oxidative metabolism. The heart relies on aerobic oxidative substrate for the generation of ATP, which is required to maintain its contractile function. The progression to heart failure is associated with a gradual decline in the activity of mitochondrial respiratory pathways, leading to diminished capacity for ATP production. The work metabolic index can also be estimated by the combination of C-11 acetate PET and hemodynamics by echocardiography, the metabolic index is a significant marker to understand the pathophysiology of heart failure as well as myocardial oxidative metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Naya
- Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060 Japan
| | - Nagara Tamaki
- Department of Nuclear MedicineHokkaido, University School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, 060 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Harms HJ, van de Veerdonk MC, Lammertsma AA, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Bogaard HJ. Pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart failure in pulmonary hypertension: future role of positron emission tomography in decoding the enigma. TRANSLATIONAL RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 27234397 PMCID: PMC4715170 DOI: 10.1186/2213-0802-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated right heart failure have increased in recent years, there is a lack of clinical tools to assess the pathobiological mechanisms in patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides an array of new possibilities to image and quantify relevant disease processes, including proliferation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, shifts in metabolism and neurohormonal signaling. Here we describe the first studies which were conducted to image pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart failure in vivo and discuss additional targets for imaging which hold great promise for future use in PAH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Harms
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C van de Veerdonk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, MB, 1007, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, MB, 1007, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, MB, 1007, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bell SP, Adkisson DW, Ooi H, Sawyer DB, Lawson MA, Kronenberg MW. Impairment of subendocardial perfusion reserve and oxidative metabolism in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2013; 19:802-10. [PMID: 24331202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) were used to assess the hypothesis that patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) have decreased subendocardial perfusion reserve and impaired oxidative metabolism, consistent with the concept of "energy starvation" in heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS CMR myocardial perfusion was evaluated in 13 NIDCM patients and 15 control subjects with coronary risk factors and normal myocardial perfusion. The NIDCM patients underwent [(11)C]acetate PET. The myocardial perfusion index (MPI) was calculated as the normalized rate of myocardial signal augmentation following gadolinium contrast injection. Hyperemic transmural, subendocardial, and subepicardial MPI were reduced in NIDCM compared with control subjects [0.13 vs 0.18 (P < .001), 0.13 vs 0.17 (P < .001), and 0.13 vs 0.17 (P = .008), respectively]. The subendocardial perfusion reserve was 1.59 ± 0.21 vs 1.86 ± 0.32 for the subepicardium (P = .002), demonstrating reduced perfusion reserve. The myocardial oxidative metabolic rate (kmono) per unit demand (rate-pressure product) was reduced in proportion to perfusion reserve (P = .02) CONCLUSIONS: Impaired subendocardial perfusion reserve in NIDCM confirmed results previously attained only in animal models. Impaired perfusion and impaired oxidative metabolism are consistent with subendocardial energy starvation in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Bell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas W Adkisson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Henry Ooi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Lawson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marvin W Kronenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deford-Watts LM, Mintz A, Kridel SJ. The potential of ¹¹C-acetate PET for monitoring the Fatty acid synthesis pathway in Tumors. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013; 14:300-12. [PMID: 23597406 DOI: 10.2174/1389201011314030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality that provides the opportunity to rapidly and non-invasively visualize tumors derived from multiple organs. In order to do so, PET utilizes radiotracers, such as ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹¹C-acetate, whose uptake coincides with altered metabolic pathways within tumors. Increased expression and activity of enzymes in the fatty acid synthesis pathway is a frequent hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, this pathway has become a prime target for therapeutic intervention. Although multiple drugs have been developed that both directly and indirectly interfere with fatty acid synthesis, an optimal means to assess their efficacy is lacking. Given that ¹¹Cacetate is directly linked to the fatty acid synthesis pathway, this probe provides a unique opportunity to monitor lipogenic tumors by PET. Herein, we review the relevance of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in cancer. Furthermore, we address the potential utility of ¹¹C-acetate PET in imaging tumors, especially those that are not FDG-avid. Last, we discuss several therapeutic interventions that could benefit from ¹¹C-acetate PET to monitor therapeutic response in patients with certain types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Deford-Watts
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pop-Busui R. What do we know and we do not know about cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:463-78. [PMID: 22644723 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in diabetes is generally overlooked in practice, although awareness of its serious consequences is emerging. Challenges in understanding the complex, dynamic changes in the modulation of the sympathetic/parasympathetic systems' tone and their interactions with physiologic mechanisms regulating the control of heart rate, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular functions in the presence of acute hyper-or-hypoglycemic stress, other stressors or medication, and challenges with sensitive evaluations have contributed to lower CAN visibility compared with other diabetes complications. Yet, CAN is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, due to a high-risk of cardiac arrhythmias, silent myocardial ischemia and sudden death. While striving for aggressive risk factor control in diabetes practice seemed intuitive, recent reports of major clinical trials undermine established thinking concerning glycemic control and cardiovascular risk. This review covers current understanding and gaps in that understanding of the clinical implications of CAN and prevention and treatment of CAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Pop-Busui
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Diabetic autonomic neuropathies are a heterogeneous and progressive disease entity and commonly complicate both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the aetiology is not entirely understood, hyperglycaemia, insulin deficiency, metabolic derangements and potentially autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play an important role. A subgroup of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), is one of the most common diabetes-associated complications and is ultimately clinically important because of its correlation with increased mortality. The natural history of CAN is unclear, but is thought to progress from a subclinical stage characterized by impaired baroreflex sensitivity and abnormalities of spectral analysis of heart rate variability to a clinically apparent stage with diverse and disabling symptoms. Early diagnosis of CAN, using spectral analysis of heart rate variability or scintigraphic imaging techniques, might enable identification of patients at highest risk for the development of clinical CAN and, thereby, enable the targeting of intensive therapeutic approaches. This Review discusses methods for diagnosis, epidemiology, natural history and potential causes and consequences of CAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kuehl
- Cardiovascular Research Department, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ouellet V, Labbé SM, Blondin DP, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Haman F, Turcotte EE, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:545-52. [PMID: 22269323 PMCID: PMC3266793 DOI: 10.1172/jci60433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is vital for proper thermogenesis during cold exposure in rodents, but until recently its presence in adult humans and its contribution to human metabolism were thought to be minimal or insignificant. Recent studies using PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) have shown the presence of BAT in adult humans. However, whether BAT contributes to cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in humans has not been proven. Using PET with 11C-acetate, 18FDG, and 18F-fluoro-thiaheptadecanoic acid (18FTHA), a fatty acid tracer, we have quantified BAT oxidative metabolism and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover in 6 healthy men under controlled cold exposure conditions. All subjects displayed substantial NEFA and glucose uptake upon cold exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrated cold-induced activation of oxidative metabolism in BAT, but not in adjoining skeletal muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissue. This activation was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure. We found an inverse relationship between BAT activity and shivering. We also observed an increase in BAT radio density upon cold exposure, indicating reduced BAT triglyceride content. In sum, our study provides evidence that BAT acts as a nonshivering thermogenesis effector in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ouellet
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien M. Labbé
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis P. Blondin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Unité de recherche sur la nutrition et le métabolisme, Montfort Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Appropriate parameters of the ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm on measurement of myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption with 11C-acetate PET. Nucl Med Commun 2011; 33:130-8. [PMID: 22124363 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32834e7f5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appropriate parameters of a filter and of subsets (S) and iterations (I) of the ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm in 11C-acetate PET. METHODS A Hanning filter (HF) and a Gaussian filter (GF) were selected for filtered back-projection (FBP) and the OSEM algorithm, respectively. After evaluation of the optimal HF size, the GF size was optimized using healthy volunteers (HV). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and oxygen consumption (k(mono)) values were calculated by combining 4S, 16S, or 28S with 2I, 4I, 6I, or 8I of the OSEM (MBF(OSEM) and k(monoOSEM), respectively) in eight HV and eight coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. These MBF(OSEM) and k(monoOSEM) values were compared with those obtained using FBP (MBF(FBP) and k(monoFBP), respectively). RESULTS Optimal HF and GF (10.0GF) sizes for the FBP and OSEM algorithms, respectively, were 10.0 mm full-width resolution at half-maximum. MBF(OSEM) was changed by modifying the parameters of the OSEM algorithm. The best correlations were between MBF(FBP) and MBF(OSEM), with 28S6I and 10.0GF for HV patients and 28S8I for CAD patients. However, the MBF(OSEM) with 28S8I was significantly different from MBF(FBP) at the global myocardium in HV. The k(monoOSEM) with 28S6I was not significantly different from k(monoFBP) in HV or CAD patients. CONCLUSION Appropriate parameters are 28S6I with a 10.0GF on the MBF(OSEM) and k(monoOSEM) measurement using 11C-acetate. Diagnostic performance will improve using noiseless, artifact-reduction images, and accurate quantitative values that are provided by the OSEM algorithm with the appropriate parameters.
Collapse
|
45
|
Shao X, Hoareau R, Runkle AC, Tluczek LJM, Hockley BG, Henderson BD, Scott PJH. Highlighting the versatility of the Tracerlab synthesis modules. Part 2: fully automated production of [11C]-labeled radiopharmaceuticals using a Tracerlab FXC-Pro. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Raphaël Hoareau
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Adam C. Runkle
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Louis J. M. Tluczek
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Brian G. Hockley
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Bradford D. Henderson
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology; The University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor; MI; 48109; USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Effects of Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction and Mitral Complex Reconstruction on Cardiac Oxidative Metabolism and Efficiency in Nonischemic and Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:762-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Salem N, Kuang Y, Corn D, Erokwu B, Kolthammer JA, Tian H, Wu C, Wang F, Wang Y, Lee Z. [(Methyl)1-(11)c]-acetate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:140-51. [PMID: 20401538 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have established the value of [(methyl)1-(11)C]-acetate ([(11)C]Act) combined with 2-deoxy-2[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, the metabolic fate of [(11)C]Act in HCC was characterized. METHODS Experiments with acetic acid [1-(14)C] sodium salt ([(14)C]Act) were carried out on WCH-17 cells and freshly derived rat hepatocytes. PET scans with [(11)C]Act were also carried out on woodchucks with HCC before injection of [(14)C]Act. The radioactivity levels in different metabolites were quantified with thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS In WCH-17 cells, the predominant metabolite was phosphatidylcholine (PC). Regions of HCCs with the highest [(11)C]Act uptake had higher radioactivity accumulation in lipid-soluble compounds than surrounding hepatic tissues. In those regions, PC and triacylglycerol (TG) accumulated more radioactivity than in surrounding hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS High [(11)C]Act uptake in HCC is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis. PC and TG are the main metabolites into which the radioactive label from [(11)C]Act is incorporated in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Salem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Labbé SM, Croteau E, Grenier-Larouche T, Frisch F, Ouellet R, Langlois R, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Normal postprandial nonesterified fatty acid uptake in muscles despite increased circulating fatty acids in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:408-15. [PMID: 21228312 PMCID: PMC3028339 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance is increased in type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine whether skeletal muscle uptake of plasma NEFA is abnormal during the postprandial state in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thigh muscle blood flow and oxidative metabolism indexes and NEFA uptake were determined using positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(11)C]acetate and 14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ((18)FTHA) in seven healthy control subjects (CON) and seven subjects with type 2 diabetes during continuous oral intake of a liquid meal to achieve steady postprandial NEFA levels with insulin infusion to maintain similar plasma glucose levels in both groups. RESULTS In the postprandial state, plasma NEFA level was higher in type 2 diabetic subjects versus CON (P < 0.01), whereas plasma glucose was at the same level in both groups. Muscle NEFA fractional extraction and blood flow index levels were 56% (P < 0.05) and 24% (P = 0.27) lower in type 2 diabetes, respectively. However, muscle NEFA uptake was similar to that of CON (quadriceps femoris [QF] 1.47 ± 0.23 vs. 1.37 ± 0.24 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.77; biceps femoris [BF] 1.54 ± 0.26 vs. 1.46 ± 0.28 nmol·g(-1)·min(-1), P = 0.85). Muscle oxidative metabolism was similar in both groups. Muscle NEFA fractional extraction and blood flow index were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.79, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Postprandial muscle NEFA uptake is normal despite elevated systemic NEFA levels and acute normalization of plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Lower postprandial muscle blood flow with resulting reduction in muscle NEFA fractional extraction may explain this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M. Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frédérique Frisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - René Ouellet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Réjean Langlois
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: André C. Carpentier,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Runkle AC, Shao X, Tluczek LJM, Henderson BD, Hockley BG, Scott PJH. Automated production of [11C]acetate and [11C]palmitate using a modified GE Tracerlab FX(C-Pro). Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:691-8. [PMID: 21256039 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As researchers explore new applications for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, the demand for effective and readily available radiopharmaceuticals continues to increase. The syntheses of two such radiopharmaceuticals, [(11)C]acetate and [(11)C]palmitate, can be automated on the GE Tracerlab FX(C-Pro) by utilizing Grignard reactions. Radiochemical purities of the [(11)C]acetate and the [(11)C]palmitate products were high (>98% and >99.9%, respectively) with average non-corrected yields of 18% (n = 3) and 10% (n = 5), respectively. These data comprise the validation trials for site qualification of clinical production of both radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Runkle
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
XIIth international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts and programme. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|