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Zhao Q, Shao T, Huang S, Zhang J, Zong G, Zhuo L, Xu Y, Hong W. The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-microfibrillar associated protein-sterol regulatory element binding protein axis regulates fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and cardiac fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2492-2508. [PMID: 38586912 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive fibrogenesis is associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure. The myofibroblast, primarily derived from resident fibroblast, is the effector cell type in cardiac fibrosis. Megakaryocytic leukaemia 1 (MKL1) is considered the master regulator of fibroblast-myofibroblast transition (FMyT). The underlying transcriptional mechanism is not completely understood. Our goal was to identify novel transcriptional targets of MKL1 that might regulate FMyT and contribute to cardiac fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) performed in primary cardiac fibroblasts identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as one of the genes most significantly up-regulated by constitutively active (CA) MKL1 over-expression. IGFBP5 expression was detected in heart failure tissues using RT-qPCR and western blots. KEY RESULTS Once activated, IGFBP5 translocated to the nucleus to elicit a pro-FMyT transcriptional programme. Consistently, IGFBP5 knockdown blocked FMyT in vitro and dampened cardiac fibrosis in mice. Of interest, IGFBP5 interacted with nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4 (NFAT4) to stimulate the transcription of microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5). MFAP5 contributed to FMyT and cardiac fibrosis by enabling sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2)-dependent cholesterol synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data unveil a previously unrecognized transcriptional cascade, initiated by IGFBP5, that promotes FMyT and cardiac fibrosis. Screening for small-molecule compounds that target this axis could yield potential therapeutics against adverse cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tinghui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genjie Zong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Wang Z, Zhao F, Xu C, Zhang Q, Ren H, Huang X, He C, Ma J, Wang Z. Metabolic reprogramming in skin wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad047. [PMID: 38179472 PMCID: PMC10762507 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming refers to the ability of a cell to alter its metabolism in response to different stimuli and forms of pressure. It helps cells resist external stress and provides them with new functions. Skin wound healing involves the metabolic reprogramming of nutrients, such as glucose, lipids, and amino acids, which play vital roles in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of multiple cell types. During the glucose metabolic process in wounds, glucose transporters and key enzymes cause elevated metabolite levels. Glucose-mediated oxidative stress drives the proinflammatory response and promotes wound healing. Reprogramming lipid metabolism increases the number of fibroblasts and decreases the number of macrophages. It enhances local neovascularization and improves fibrin stability to promote extracellular matrix remodelling, accelerates wound healing, and reduces scar formation. Reprogramming amino acid metabolism affects wound re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. However, comprehensive reviews on the role of metabolic reprogramming in skin wound healing are lacking. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed the metabolic reprogramming of glucose, lipids, and amino acids during skin wound healing. Notably, we identified their targets with potential therapeutic value and elucidated their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110013, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Haiyue Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cai He
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jiajie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
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3
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Wiggins BG, Wang YF, Burke A, Grunberg N, Vlachaki Walker JM, Dore M, Chahrour C, Pennycook BR, Sanchez-Garrido J, Vernia S, Barr AR, Frankel G, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Schiering C. Endothelial sensing of AHR ligands regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2023; 621:821-829. [PMID: 37586410 PMCID: PMC10533400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the blood and lymphatic vasculature, and act as an essential physical barrier, control nutrient transport, facilitate tissue immunosurveillance and coordinate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis1,2. In the intestine, dietary and microbial cues are particularly important in the regulation of organ homeostasis. However, whether enteric endothelial cells actively sense and integrate such signals is currently unknown. Here we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) acts as a critical node for endothelial cell sensing of dietary metabolites in adult mice and human primary endothelial cells. We first established a comprehensive single-cell endothelial atlas of the mouse small intestine, uncovering the cellular complexity and functional heterogeneity of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analyses of AHR-mediated responses at single-cell resolution identified tissue-protective transcriptional signatures and regulatory networks promoting cellular quiescence and vascular normalcy at steady state. Endothelial AHR deficiency in adult mice resulted in dysregulated inflammatory responses and the initiation of proliferative pathways. Furthermore, endothelial sensing of dietary AHR ligands was required for optimal protection against enteric infection. In human endothelial cells, AHR signalling promoted quiescence and restrained activation by inflammatory mediators. Together, our data provide a comprehensive dissection of the effect of environmental sensing across the spectrum of enteric endothelia, demonstrating that endothelial AHR signalling integrates dietary cues to maintain tissue homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell quiescence and vascular normalcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Wiggins
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alice Burke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nil Grunberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Marian Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Santiago Vernia
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
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4
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Lin W, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu S, Qiu Q, Wang C, Liu D, Shen C, Xu M, Shi M, Xiao Y, Chen G, Xu H, Liang L. Schisandrin treatment suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammatory responses of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients and attenuates synovial inflammation and joint destruction in CIA mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110502. [PMID: 37390648 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease causing joint dysfunction. As disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have poor efficacy in 20% to 25% of RA patients, additional novel RA medications are urgently needed. Schisandrin (SCH) has multiple therapeutic effects. However, whether SCH is effective against RA remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate how SCH affects the abnormal behaviours of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and further elucidate the underlying mechanism of SCH in RA FLSs and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays were used to characterize cell viability. EdU assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Annexin V-APC/PI assays were used to determine apoptosis. Transwell chamber assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion in vitro. RT-qPCR was used to assess proinflammatory cytokine and MMP mRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the potential downstream targets of SCH. CIA model mice were used to assess the treatment efficacy of SCH in vivo. RESULTS Treatments with SCH (50, 100, and 200 μΜ) inhibited RA FLSs proliferation, migration, invasion, and TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 expression in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect RA FLSs viability or apoptosis. RNA sequencing and Reactome enrichment analysis indicated that SREBF1 might be the downstream target in SCH treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of SREBF1 exerted effects similar to those of SCH in inhibiting RA FLSs proliferation, migration, invasion, and TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Both SCH treatment and SREBF1 knockdown decreased activation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Moreover, SCH ameliorated joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction in CIA model mice. CONCLUSION SCH controls the pathogenic behaviours of RA FLSs by targeting SREBF1-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signalling pathways. Our data suggest that SCH inhibits FLS-mediated synovial inflammation and joint damage and that SCH might have therapeutic potential for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shuoyang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Chuyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Meilin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong China.
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.
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5
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Shang F, Wang SC, Gongol B, Han SY, Cho Y, Schiavon CR, Chen L, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Ning M, Guo X, He F, Lei Y, Wang L, Manor U, Marin T, Chou KT, He M, Huang PH, Shyy JYJ, Malhotra A. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Mediated by miR-210. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:323-335. [PMID: 36191258 PMCID: PMC9896631 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0394oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to OSA-related cardiovascular sequelae. The mechanistic basis of endothelial impairment by OSA is unclear. Objectives: The goals of this study were to identify the mechanism of OSA-induced EC dysfunction and explore the potential therapies for OSA-accelerated cardiovascular disease. Methods: The experimental methods include data mining, bioinformatics, EC functional analyses, OSA mouse models, and assessment of OSA human subjects. Measurements and Main Results: Using mined microRNA sequencing data, we found that microRNA 210 (miR-210) conferred the greatest induction by intermittent hypoxia in ECs. Consistently, the serum concentration of miR-210 was higher in individuals with OSA from two independent cohorts. Importantly, miR-210 concentration was positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index. RNA sequencing data collected from ECs transfected with miR-210 or treated with OSA serum showed a set of genes commonly altered by miR-210 and OSA serum, which are largely involved in mitochondrion-related pathways. ECs transfected with miR-210 or treated with OSA serum showed reduced [Formula: see text]o2 rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA abundance. Mechanistically, intermittent hypoxia-induced SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) bound to the promoter region of miR-210, which in turn inhibited the iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the SREBP2 inhibitor betulin alleviated intermittent hypoxia-increased systolic blood pressure in the OSA mouse model. Conclusions: These results identify an axis involving SREBP2, miR-210, and mitochondrial dysfunction, representing a new mechanistic link between OSA and EC dysfunction that may have important implications for treating and preventing OSA-related cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqing Shang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Xi’an Chest Hospital, and
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Lili Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingshuai Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming’an Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, China; and
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Xi’an, China; and
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuyang Lei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Traci Marin
- Division of Cardiology and
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Victor Valley College, Victorville, California
| | - Kun-Ta Chou
- Center of Sleep Medicine, and
- School of Medicine and
| | | | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Jovanovic Macura I, Djuricic I, Major T, Milanovic D, Brkic M, Sobajic S, Kanazir S, Ivkovic S. The high-dose fish oil supplementation increased Mfsd2a expression without altering DHA levels in the retina of healthy mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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7
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Ejam SS, Saleh RO, Catalan Opulencia MJ, Najm MA, Makhmudova A, Jalil AT, Abdelbasset WK, Al-Gazally ME, Hammid AT, Mustafa YF, Sergeevna SE, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Pathogenic role of 25-hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and progression. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4415-4442. [PMID: 36651359 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid that serves several important functions, including maintaining the homeostasis of cells, acting as a precursor to bile acid and steroid hormones and preserving the stability of membrane lipid rafts. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is a cholesterol derivative that may be formed from cholesterol. 25-HC is a crucial component in various biological activities, including cholesterol metabolism. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that 25-HC performs a critical function in the etiology of cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. This review will summarize the latest findings regarding 25-HC, including its biogenesis, immunomodulatory properties and role in innate/adaptive immunity, inflammation and the development of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Mazin Aa Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Aziza Makhmudova
- Department of Social Sciences & Humanities, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Sergushina Elena Sergeevna
- National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevitskaya Street, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, 430005, Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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An N, Ge Q, Shao H, Li Q, Guo F, Liang C, Li X, Yi D, Yang L, Cen S. Interferon-inducible SAMHD1 restricts viral replication through downregulation of lipid synthesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007718. [PMID: 36532074 PMCID: PMC9755837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type I interferon (IFN) inhibits virus infection through multiple processes. Recent evidence indicates that IFN carries out its antiviral activity through readjusting of the cellular metabolism. The sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), has been reported to inhibit a number of retroviruses and DNA viruses, by depleting dNTPs indispensable for viral DNA replication. Here we report a new antiviral activity of SAMHD1 against RNA viruses including HCV and some other flaviviruses infection. Methods Multiple cellular and molecular biological technologies have been used to detect virus infection, replication and variation of intracellular proteins, including western blotting, qRT-PCR, Gene silencing, immunofluorescence, etc. Besides, microarray gene chip technology was applied to analyze the effects of SAMHD1 overexpression on total expressed genes. Results Our data show that SAMHD1 down-regulates the expression of genes related to lipid bio-metabolic pathway, accompanied with impaired lipid droplets (LDs) formation, two events important for flaviviruses infection. Mechanic study reveals that SAMHD1 mainly targets on HCV RNA replication, resulting in a broad inhibitory effect on the infectivity of flaviviruses. The C-terminal domain of SAMHD1 is showed to determine its antiviral function, which is regulated by the phosphorylation of T592. Restored lipid level by overexpression of SREBP1 or supplement with LDs counteracts with the antiviral activity of SAMHD1, providing evidence supporting the role of SAMHD1-mediated down-regulation of lipid synthesis in its function to inhibit viral infection. Conclusion SAMHD1 plays an important role in IFN-mediated blockade of flaviviruses infection through targeting lipid bio-metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huihan Shao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dongrong Yi, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Long Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Dongrong Yi, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dongrong Yi, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
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9
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Wang S, Liang Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Hong Y, Sun M, Shu J, Chen K. The angiogenic genes predict prognosis and immune characteristics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Evidence from multi-omics and experimental verification. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961634. [PMID: 36158681 PMCID: PMC9492853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) is an aggressive disease with five-year overall survival (OS) <15%. The main cause is metastasis rather than local tumor, and angiogenesis plays an important role. Angiogenesis has a significant impact on tumor metastasis, treatment and prognosis. However, the expression pattern of angiogenic genes, its effect on treatment and its relationship with prognosis in ESCC have not been systematically reported. We performed the first and most comprehensive multi-omics analysis of angiogenic genes in patients with ESCC and identified four angiogenic phenotypes that vary in outcome, tumor characteristics, and immune landscape. These subtypes provide not only patient outcomes but also key information that will help to identify immune blocking therapy. In addition, angiogenesis intensity score (AIS) was proposed to quantify tumor angiogenesis ability, and its accuracy as a predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy was verified by external cohort and corresponding cell lines. Our study provides clinicians with guidance for individualized immune checkpoint blocking therapy and anti-angiogenic therapy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Liang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichen Hong
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Shu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuisheng Chen,
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Zhou R, Stouffer GA, Frishman WH. Cholesterol Paradigm and Beyond in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Cholesterol, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein, Inflammation, and Vascular Cell Mobilization in Vasculopathy. Cardiol Rev 2022; 30:267-273. [PMID: 34224448 PMCID: PMC9351696 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). How cholesterol and its carrier lipoproteins are involved in ASCVD is still under extensive investigation. Satins are thus far the best-proven class of cholesterol-lowering medications to improve the clinical outcomes of ASCVD. Statins specifically inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase of the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis. The widely accepted theory is that statins inhibit the hepatic cholesterol synthesis causing upregulation of hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor; receptor-mediated LDL uptake and metabolism in the liver results in reduction of circulating LDL cholesterol, which subsequently reduces vascular deposition and retention of cholesterol or LDL in atherogenesis. Nevertheless, cholesterol biosynthesis is ubiquitous, also in extrahepatic cells including those in vascular wall, under tight regulation by sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), the master gene transcription factor governing cholesterol biosynthesis. Studies have shown that SREBP can be upregulated in vascular wall subject to injury or stent implantation. SREBP can be activated by proinflammatory and mitogenic factors in vascular cells, leading to hyperactive mevalonate pathway, which promotes vascular cell mobilization, further proinflammatory and mitogenic factor release from vascular cells, and vascular inflammation. In this article, we review the cellular cholesterol homeostasis regulation by SREBP and SREBP-mediated vascular hyperactive cholesterol biosynthesis, we term vascular hypercholesterolism, in the pathogenesis of ASCVD and vasculopathy. SREBP functions as a platform bridging cholesterol, inflammation, and vascular cell mobilization in ASCVD pathogenesis. Targeting vascular hypercholesterolism could open a new avenue in fighting against ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihai Zhou
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - George A. Stouffer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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11
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Zhang J, Yan H, Li J, Li B. Aqueous Humor Factors' Predictive Effects in Treating Refractor Macular Edema: An Overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:515-524. [PMID: 36036998 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The refractory macular edema (RME) seriously affects the patient's vision due to its repetition and ineffective drug response. RME is mainly related to the inflammatory pathway and angiogenesis pathway. At present, microglia activation and angiogenesis have also been widely focused on. With the promotion of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment, intraocular fluid is becoming a popular evidence-based method. The detection and evaluation of aqueous humor factors can provide more accurate evidences and guidance for the treatment of RME. The purpose of this article is to review the treatment prediction and assessment progress of aqueous humor cytokines for the RME, giving evidence to provide a basis for expanding the diagnosis and treatment ideas of RME and guiding the development of personalized medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Liu K, Jiang J, Lin Y, Liu W, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Yu K, Liu X, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Long P, Wang Q, Zhang X, He M, Chen W, Guo H, Wu T. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, DNA methylation and heart rate variability among non-current smokers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117777. [PMID: 34265559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure is associated with heart rate variability (HRV) reduction, a widely used marker of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. The role of DNA methylation in the relationship between PAHs exposure and decreased HRV is largely unknown. This study aims to explore epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes associated with PAHs exposure and further evaluate their associations with HRV alternations among non-current smokers. We measured 10 mono-hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in urine and DNA methylation levels in blood leukocytes among participants from three panels of Chinese non-current smokers (152 in WHZH, 99 in SY, and 53 in COW). We conducted linear regression analyses between DNA methylation and OH-PAHs metabolites with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, drinking, blood cell counts, and surrogate variables in each panel separately, and combined the results by using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effect meta-analysis to obtain estimates of effect size. The median value of total OH-PAHs ranged from 0.92 × 10-2 in SY panel (62.6% men) to 13.82 × 10-2 μmol/mmol creatinine in COW panel (43.4% men). The results showed that methylation levels of cg18223625 (COL20A1) and cg07805771 (SLC16A1) were significantly or marginally significantly associated with urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene [β(SE) = 0.431(0.074) and 0.354(0.068), FDR = 0.016 and 0.056, respectively], while methylation level of cg09235308 (PLEC1) was positively associated with urinary total OH-PAHs [β(SE) = 0.478(0.079), FDR = 0.004]. Hypermethylations of cg18223625, cg07805771, and cg09235308 were inversely associated with HRV indices among the WHZH and COW non-current smokers. However, we did not observe significant epigenome-wide associations for the other 9 urinary OH-PAHs. These findings provide new evidence that PAHs exposure is linked to differential DNA methylation, which may help better understand the influences of PAHs exposure on HRV alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuhui Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haijing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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13
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Zhang CL, Wang HL, Li PC, Hong CD, Chen AQ, Qiu YM, Zeng AP, Zhou YF, Hu B, Li YN. Mfsd2a overexpression alleviates vascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105755. [PMID: 34229049 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common complications in diabetic patients. Nowadays, VEGF pathway is subject to extensive research. However, about 27% of the patients have a poor visual outcome, with 50% still having edema after two years' treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) with ranibizumab. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the primary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), reduces abnormal neovascularization and alleviates neovascular eye diseases. A study reported that fish oil reduced the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by about 27.5% in preterm infants. Although ω-3 LC-PUFAs protects against pathological retinal neovascularization, the treatment effectiveness is low. It is interesting to investigate why DHA therapy fails in some patients. In human vitreous humor samples, we found that the ratio of DHA and DHA-derived metabolites to total fatty acids was higher in vitreous humor from DR patients than that from macular hole patients; however, the ratio of DHA metabolites to DHA and DHA-derived metabolites was lower in the diabetic vitreous humor. The expression of Mfsd2a, the LPC-DHA transporter, was reduced in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and streptozotocin (STZ) model. In vitro, Mfsd2a overexpression inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and vesicular transcytosis. Moreover, Mfsd2a overexpression in combination with the DHA diet obviously reduced abnormal retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, which is more effective than Mfsd2a overexpression alone. These results suggest that DHA therapy failure in some DR patients is linked to low expression of Mfsd2a, and the combination of Mfsd2a overexpression and DHA therapy may be an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Can-Dong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan-Mei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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14
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Qiu X, Luo J, Fang L. AIBP, Angiogenesis, Hematopoiesis, and Atherogenesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 23:1. [PMID: 33230630 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this manuscript is to summarize the current understanding of the secreted APOA1 binding protein (AIBP), encoded by NAXE, in angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. The studies on AIBP illustrate a critical connection between lipid metabolism and the aforementioned endothelial and immune cell biology. RECENT FINDINGS AIBP dictates both developmental processes such as angiogenesis and hematopoiesis, and pathological events such as inflammation, tumorigenesis, and atherosclerosis. Although cholesterol efflux dictates AIBP-mediated lipid raft disruption in many of the cell types, recent studies document cholesterol efflux-independent mechanism involving Cdc42-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling in macrophages. AIBP disrupts lipid rafts and impairs raft-associated VEGFR2 but facilitates non-raft-associated NOTCH1 signaling. Furthermore, AIBP can induce cholesterol biosynthesis gene SREBP2 activation, which in turn transactivates NOTCH1 and supports specification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, AIBP also binds TLR4 and represses TLR4-mediated inflammation. In this review, we summarize the latest research on AIBP, focusing on its role in cholesterol metabolism and the attendant effects on lipid raft-regulated VEGFR2 and non-raft-associated NOTCH1 activation in angiogenesis, SREBP2-upregulated NOTCH1 signaling in hematopoiesis, and TLR4 signaling in inflammation and atherogenesis. We will discuss its potential therapeutic applications in angiogenesis and inflammation due to selective targeting of activated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Qiu
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingmin Luo
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgeries, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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15
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Alannan M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Trézéguet V, Merched A. Targeting Lipid Metabolism in Liver Cancer. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3951-3964. [PMID: 32930581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on different metabolic pathways for sustaining their survival, growth, and proliferation. Lipid metabolism not only provides the energetic needs of the cells but also provides the raw material for cellular growth and the signaling molecules for many oncogenic pathways. Mainly processed in the liver, lipids play an essential role in the physiology of this organ and in the pathological progression of many diseases such as metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of HCC is associated with inflammation and complex metabolic reprogramming, and its prognosis remains poor because of the lack of effective therapies despite many years of dedicated research. Defects in hepatic lipid metabolism induce abnormal gene expression and rewire many cellular pathways involved in oncogenesis and metastasis, implying that interfering with lipid metabolism within the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating liver cancer patients. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest advances in drugs targeting lipid metabolism and leading to promising outcomes in preclinical studies and some ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Alannan
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aksam Merched
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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16
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Nidorf SM, Fiolet A, Abela GS. Viewing atherosclerosis through a crystal lens: How the evolving structure of cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaque alters its stability. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:619-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Zhao Y, Wu TY, Zhao MF, Li CJ. The balance of protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5152-5162. [PMID: 32139507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein prenylation is an essential posttranslational modification and includes protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation using farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrates, respectively. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase is a branch point enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that affects the ratio of farnesyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Abnormal geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase expression and activity can therefore disrupt the balance of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation and alter the ratio between farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins. This change is associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition characterized by hepatic fat overload. Of note, differential accumulation of farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins has been associated with differential stages of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize key aspects of protein prenylation as well as advances that have uncovered the regulation of associated metabolic patterns and signaling pathways, such as Ras GTPase signaling, involved in NAFLD progression. Additionally, we discuss unique opportunities for targeting prenylation in NAFLD/hepatocellular carcinoma with agents such as statins and bisphosphonates to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animals Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tian-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China .,MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animals Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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18
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HSF1 Regulates Mevalonate and Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091363. [PMID: 31540279 PMCID: PMC6769575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is an essential transcription factor in cellular adaptation to various stresses such as heat, proteotoxic stress, metabolic stress, reactive oxygen species, and heavy metals. HSF1 promotes cancer development and progression, and increased HSF1 levels are frequently observed in multiple types of cancers. Increased activity in the mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, which are very important for cancer growth and progression, is observed in various cancers. However, the functional role of HSF1 in the mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways has not yet been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the activation of RAS-MAPK signaling through the overexpression of H-RasV12 increased HSF1 expression and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, the activation of HSF1 was also found to increase cholesterol biosynthesis. Inversely, the suppression of HSF1 by the pharmacological inhibitor KRIBB11 and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) reversed H-RasV12-induced cholesterol biosynthesis. From the standpoint of therapeutic applications for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, HSF1 inhibition was shown to sensitize the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin in HCC cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that HSF1 is a potential target for statin-based HCC treatment.
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19
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Everson TM, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Hao K, Lambertini L, Chen J, Karagas MR, Marsit CJ. Cadmium-Associated Differential Methylation throughout the Placental Genome: Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Two U.S. Birth Cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:017010. [PMID: 29373860 PMCID: PMC6014712 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that can accumulate in the placenta during pregnancy, where it may impair placental function and affect fetal development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate Cd-associated variations in placental DNA methylation (DNAM) and associations with gene expression; we also aimed to identify novel pathways involved in Cd-associated reproductive toxicity. METHODS Using placental DNAM and Cd concentrations in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS, n=343) and the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS, n=141), we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) between Cd and DNAM, adjusting for tissue heterogeneity using a reference-free method. Cohort-specific results were aggregated via inverse variance weighted fixed effects meta-analysis, and variably methylated CpGs were associated with gene expression. We then performed functional enrichment analysis and tests for associations between gene expression and birth size metrics. RESULTS We identified 17 Cd-associated differentially methylated CpG sites with meta-analysis p-values<1×10−5, two of which were within a 5% false discovery rate (FDR). DNAM levels at 9 of the 17 loci were associated with increased expression of 6 genes (5% FDR): TNFAIP2, EXOC3L4, GAS7, SREBF1, ACOT7, and RORA. Higher placental expression of TNFAIP2 and ACOT7 and lower expression of RORA were associated with lower birth weight z-scores (p-values<0.05). CONCLUSION Cd-associated differential DNAM and corresponding DNAM-expression associations were observed at loci involved in inflammatory signaling and cell growth. The expression levels of genes involved in inflammatory signaling (TNFAIP2, ACOT7, and RORA) were also associated with birth weight, suggesting a role for inflammatory processes in Cd-associated reproductive toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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21
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Mohamed A, Viveiros A, Williams K, Posse de Chaves E. Aβ inhibits SREBP-2 activation through Akt inhibition. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:1-13. [PMID: 29122977 PMCID: PMC5748492 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that oligomeric amyloid β42 (oAβ42) inhibits the mevalonate pathway impairing cholesterol synthesis and protein prenylation. Enzymes of the mevalonate pathway are regulated by the transcription factor SREBP-2. Here, we show that in several neuronal types challenged with oAβ42, SREBP-2 activation is reduced. Moreover, SREBP-2 activation is also decreased in the brain cortex of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model, TgCRND8, suggesting that SREBP-2 may be affected in vivo early in the disease. We demonstrate that oAβ42 does not affect enzymatic cleavage of SREBP-2 per se, but may impair SREBP-2 transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Trafficking of SREBP-2 from the ER to the Golgi requires protein kinase B (Akt) activation. oAβ42 significantly reduces Akt phosphorylation and this decrease is responsible for the decline in SREBP-2 activation. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt prevents the effect of oAβ42 on SREBP-2 and the downstream inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and protein prenylation. Our work provides a novel mechanistic link between Aβ and the mevalonate pathway, which will impact the views on issues related to cholesterol, isoprenoids, and statins in AD. We also identify SREBP-2 as an indirect target of Akt in neurons, which may play a role in the cross-talk between AD and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elena Posse de Chaves
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Ghalali A, Martin-Renedo J, Högberg J, Stenius U. Atorvastatin Decreases HBx-Induced Phospho-Akt in Hepatocytes via P2X Receptors. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:714-722. [PMID: 28209758 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rated as the fifth most common malignancy and third in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are potent cholesterol-lowering drugs, and recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that statins prevent aggressive HCC development. Previous experiments revealed that statins downregulate phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Here, it is demonstrated that atorvastatin decreases nuclear pAkt levels in pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines within minutes, and this rapid effect is mediated by the purinergic P2X receptors. Akt is upregulated by hepatitis viruses and has oncogenic activity in HCC; therefore, we tested the possibility that the P2X-Akt pathway is important for the anticipated anticancer effects of statins in hepatocytes. Atorvastatin decreased hepatitis B virus X protein- and insulin-induced pAkt and pGsk3β (Ser9) levels. Furthermore, Akt-induced lipogenesis was counteracted by atorvastatin, and these statin-induced effects were dependent on P2X receptors. Statin also decreased proliferation and invasiveness of hepatocytes. These data provide mechanistic evidence for a P2X receptor-dependent signaling pathway by which statins decrease pAkt, its downstream phosphorylation target pGsk3β, and lipogenesis in hepatocytes.Implications: The Akt pathway is deregulated and may act as a driver in HCC development; the P2X-Akt signaling pathway may have a role in anticancer effects of statins. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 714-22. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environment Medicine. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environment Medicine. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environment Medicine. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Mullen PJ, Yu R, Longo J, Archer MC, Penn LZ. The interplay between cell signalling and the mevalonate pathway in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:718-731. [PMID: 27562463 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an essential metabolic pathway that uses acetyl-CoA to produce sterols and isoprenoids that are integral to tumour growth and progression. In recent years, many oncogenic signalling pathways have been shown to increase the activity and/or the expression of MVA pathway enzymes. This Review summarizes recent advances and discusses unique opportunities for immediately targeting this metabolic vulnerability in cancer with agents that have been approved for other therapeutic uses, such as the statin family of drugs, to improve outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mullen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Rosemary Yu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Joseph Longo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Michael C Archer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
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24
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Zhang C, Ellis JL, Yin C. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling facilitates liver repair from acute ethanol-induced injury in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1383-1396. [PMID: 27562099 PMCID: PMC5117223 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) results from alcohol overconsumption and is among the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors has been observed in ALD, but how it contributes to ALD pathophysiology is unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of VEGF signaling inhibition on an established zebrafish model of acute alcoholic liver injury. Kdrl activity was blocked by chemical inhibitor treatment or by genetic mutation. Exposing 4-day-old zebrafish larvae to 2% ethanol for 24 h induced hepatic steatosis, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The liver started self-repair once ethanol was removed. Although inhibiting Kdrl did not block the initial activation of hepatic stellate cells during ethanol treatment, it suppressed their proliferation, extracellular matrix protein deposition and fibrogenic gene expression after ethanol exposure, thus enhancing the liver repair. It also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and attenuated hepatic angiogenesis that accelerated after the ethanol treatment. qPCR showed that hepatic stellate cells are the first liver cell type to increase the expression of VEGF ligand and receptor genes in response to ethanol exposure. Both hepatic stellate cells and endothelial cells, but not hepatic parenchymal cells, expressed kdrl upon ethanol exposure and were likely the direct targets of Kdrl inhibition. Ethanol-induced steatosis and fibrogenesis still occurred in cloche mutants that have hepatic stellate cells but lack hepatic endothelial cells, and Kdrl inhibition suppressed both phenotypes in the mutants. These results suggest that VEGF signaling mediates interactions between activated hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes that lead to steatosis. Our study demonstrates the involvement of VEGF signaling in regulating sustained liver injuries after acute alcohol exposure. It also provides a proof of principle of using the zebrafish model to identify molecular targets for developing ALD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jillian L Ellis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA .,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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25
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Rueda-Rincon N, Bloch K, Derua R, Vyas R, Harms A, Hankemeier T, Khan NA, Dehairs J, Bagadi M, Binda MM, Waelkens E, Marine JC, Swinnen JV. p53 attenuates AKT signaling by modulating membrane phospholipid composition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21240-54. [PMID: 26061814 PMCID: PMC4673262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is the central component of a complex network of signaling pathways that protect organisms against the propagation of cells carrying oncogenic mutations. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of p53 in membrane phospholipids composition. By repressing the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, SCD, the enzyme that converts saturated to mono-unsaturated fatty acids, p53 causes a shift in the content of phospholipids with mono-unsaturated acyl chains towards more saturated phospholipid species, particularly of the phosphatidylinositol headgroup class. This shift affects levels of phosphatidylinositol phosphates, attenuates the oncogenic AKT pathway, and contributes to the p53-mediated control of cell survival. These findings expand the p53 network to phospholipid metabolism and uncover a new molecular pathway connecting p53 to AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rueda-Rincon
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajesh Vyas
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niamat Ali Khan
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Binda
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Gynécologie, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Novel pyrazolopyridine derivatives as potential angiogenesis inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and transcriptome-based mechanistic analysis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:143-157. [PMID: 27240270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Modified purine derivatives exemplified by pyrazolopyrimidines have emerged as highly selective inhibitors of several angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of substituted pyrazolopyridines and explored their ability to influence crucial pro-angiogenic attributes of endothelial cells. Four of the synthesized compounds, possessing analogous substitution pattern, were found able to inhibit at low micromolar concentrations endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, constitutively or in response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and to attenuate VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 and downstream kinases AKT and ERK1/2. Administration of effective compounds in mice delayed the growth of syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma transplants and reduced tumor microvessel density, without causing toxicity. Genome-wide microarray and gene ontology analyses of treated endothelial cells revealed derivative 18c as the most efficient modulator of gene expression and "mitotic cell cycle/cell division" along with "cholesterol biosynthesis" as the most significantly altered biological processes.
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27
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Tsujioka T, Yokoi A, Itano Y, Takahashi K, Ouchida M, Okamoto S, Kondo T, Suemori SI, Tohyama Y, Tohyama K. Five-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced hypomethylation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16709. [PMID: 26577244 PMCID: PMC4649363 DOI: 10.1038/srep16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMT inhibitors) are administered for high-risk MDS, but their action mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation assay and focused on cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) among the genes whose expression was up-regulated and whose promoter region was hypomethylated after decitabine (DAC) treatment in vitro. CH25H catalyzes hydroxylation of cholesterol and produces 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC). Although CH25H mRNA expression level was originally low in MDS/leukemia cell lines, exposure to DNMT inhibitors enhanced CH25H mRNA expression. The promoter region of CH25H was originally hypermethylated in HL-60 and MDS-L cells, but DAC treatment induced their hypomethylation together with increased CH25H mRNA expression, activation of CH25H-oxysterol pathway, 25-OHC production and apoptotic cell death. We further confirmed that normal CD34-positive cells revealed hypomethylated status of the promoter region of CH25H gene. CH25H-knockdown by transfection of shRNA lentiviral vector into the cell lines partially protected the cells from DAC-induced cell death. Exogenous addition of 25-OHC suppressed leukemic cell growth. The present study raises a possibility that DNMT inhibitors activate CH25H-oxysterol pathway by their hypomethylating mechanism and induce leukemic cell death. Further investigations of the promoter analysis of CH25H gene and therapeutic effects of DNMT inhibitors on MDS/leukemia will be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tsujioka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Itano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Okamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kondo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Suemori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yumi Tohyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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28
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Effects of isoflurane postconditioning on chronic phase of ischemia–reperfusion heart injury in rats. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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29
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Wang TN, Chen X, Li R, Gao B, Mohammed-Ali Z, Lu C, Yum V, Dickhout JG, Krepinsky JC. SREBP-1 Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced TGF-β1 Upregulation and Glomerular Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1839-54. [PMID: 25398788 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II is an important mediator of CKD of diverse etiology. A common pathologic feature of CKD is glomerular fibrosis, a central mediator of which is the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β. The mechanisms underlying the induction of TGF-β and matrix by angiotensin II are not completely understood. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerular sclerosis and that angiotensin II can activate SREBP-1 in tubular cells. We thus studied whether SREBP-1 is activated by angiotensin II and mediates angiotensin II-induced profibrogenic responses in primary rat mesangial cells. Treatment of cells with angiotensin II induced the upregulation and activation of SREBP-1. Angiotensin II-induced activation of SREBP-1 required signaling through the angiotensin II type I receptor and activation of PI3K/Akt in addition to the chaperone SCAP and protease S1P. Notably, angiotensin II-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress was identified as a key mediator of Akt-SREBP-1 activation, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress or SREBP-1 prevented angiotensin II-induced SREBP-1 binding to the TGF-β promoter, TGF-β upregulation, and downstream fibronectin upregulation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress alone, however, did not induce TGF-β upregulation despite activating SREBP-1. Although not required for SREBP-1 activation by angiotensin II, EGF receptor signaling was necessary for activation of the SREBP-1 cotranscription factor Sp1, which provided a required second signal for TGF-β upregulation. In vivo, endoplasmic reticulum stress and SREBP-1-dependent effects were induced in glomeruli of angiotensin II-infused mice, and administration of the SREBP inhibitor fatostatin prevented angiotensin II-induced TGF-β upregulation and matrix accumulation. SREBP-1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress thus provide potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony N Wang
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chao Lu
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Yum
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Lammi C, Zanoni C, Scigliuolo GM, D'Amato A, Arnoldi A. Lupin peptides lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol through an up-regulation of the LDL receptor/sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) pathway at HepG2 cell line. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7151-9. [PMID: 24972343 DOI: 10.1021/jf500795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous experiments in suitable animal models and in mild hypercholesterolemic individuals have shown that the consumption of lupin proteins may be useful for controlling total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. With the objective of providing evidence that peptides deriving from the hydrolysis of lupin proteins may be responsible of the observed activities and for investigating the mechanism of action, HepG2 cells were treated with lupin peptides obtained by either pepsin (P) or trypsin (T) hydrolysis, and molecular and functional investigations were performed on the LDL receptor/SREBP2 pathway. For the first time, this paper provides experimental evidence that lupin peptides are able to interfere with the HMGCoAR activity, up-regulating the LDL receptor (136 and 84% vs the control for P and T peptides, respectively, at 1 mg/mL) and SREBP2 proteins (148 and 73% vs the control for P and T peptides, respectively, at 1 mg/mL) via the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways and increasing the LDL uptake at HepG2 cell line (40 and 50% vs the control for P and T peptides, respectively, at 1 mg/mL). These results may be useful in explaining the activities observed in vivo in animals and humans treated with lupin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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31
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Baenke F, Peck B, Miess H, Schulze A. Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and tumour development. Dis Model Mech 2014; 6:1353-63. [PMID: 24203995 PMCID: PMC3820259 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased rate of lipid synthesis in cancerous tissues has long been recognised as an important aspect of the rewired metabolism of transformed cells. However, the contribution of lipids to cellular transformation, tumour development and tumour progression, as well as their potential role in facilitating the spread of cancerous cells to secondary sites, are not yet fully understood. In this article, we review the recent findings that support the importance of lipid synthesis and metabolism in tumorigenesis. Specifically, we explore the role of aberrant lipid biosynthesis in cancer cell migration and invasion, and in the induction of tumour angiogenesis. These processes are crucial for the dissemination of tumour cells and formation of metastases, which constitute the main cause of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Baenke
- Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
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32
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Regulation of endothelial lipase and systemic HDL cholesterol levels by SREBPs and VEGF-A. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Uttarwar L, Gao B, Ingram AJ, Krepinsky JC. SREBP-1 activation by glucose mediates TGF-β upregulation in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F329-41. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00136.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 induces pathology reminiscent of diabetic nephropathy, and SREBP-1 upregulation was observed in diabetic kidneys. We thus studied whether SREBP-1 is activated by high glucose (HG) and mediates its profibrogenic responses. In primary rat mesangial cells, HG activated SREBP-1 by 30 min, seen by the appearance of its cleaved nuclear form (nSREBP-1), EMSA, and by activation of an SREBP-1 response element (SRE)-driven green fluorescent protein construct. Activation was dose dependent and not induced by an osmotic control. Site 1 protease was required, since its inhibition by AEBSF prevented SREBP-1 activation. SCAP, the ER-associated chaperone for SREBP-1, was also necessary since its inhibitor fatostatin also blocked SREBP-1 activation. Signaling through the EGFR/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which we previously showed mediates HG-induced TGF-β1 upregulation, and through RhoA, were upstream of SREBP-1 activation (Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Diabetologia 50: 2008–2018, 2007; Wu D, Peng F, Zhang B, Ingram AJ, Kelly DJ, Gilbert RE, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 554–566, 2009). Fatostatin and AEBSF prevented HG-induced TGF-β1 upregulation by Northern blot analysis, and HG-induced TGF-β1 promoter activation was inhibited by both fatostatin and dominant negative SREBP-1a. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that HG led to SREBP-1 binding to the TGF-β1 promoter in a region containing a putative SREBP-1 binding site (SRE). Thus HG-induced SREBP-1 activation requires EGFR/PI3K/RhoA signaling and SCAP-mediated transport to the Golgi for its proteolytic cleavage. Activated SREBP-1 binds to the TGF-β promoter, resulting in TGF-β1 upregulation in response to HG. SREBP-1 thus provides a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Uttarwar
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joan C. Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Takeuchi H, Sata M. The relationship among brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cholesterol and lipoprotein. HEART ASIA 2012; 4:11-5. [PMID: 27326018 PMCID: PMC4898600 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2011-010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship among brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cholesterol and lipoprotein. DESIGN A retrospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING Tokushima University Hospital area. PATIENTS A retrospective study of 46 patients (nine inpatients and 37 outpatients) with angina pectoris or arrhythmias who were seen at Tokushima University Hospital Cardiovascular Division and had measurements of their BNP, fatty acid and lipid profile. The average age of patients was 57±17 years, and 39% were male subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BNP, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), apolipoproteinA1, apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein C2, apolipoprotein C3, apolipoprotein E, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the patients were shown in table 1 and the data of lipoprotein were shown in table 2. Table 3 shows the relationship among BNP, cholesterol and lipoprotein. The authors found significant negative correlation between serum levels of BNP and ApoA2 (figure 1; r=-0.458, p=0.001), serum levels of BNP and ApoB (figure 2; r=-0.328, p=0.026) and serum levels of BNP and TC (figure 3; r=-0.383, p=0.010). There is a possibility that dietary EPA and DHA may modulate cardiac mitochondrial and autonomic nervous system dysfunction via fatty-acids-PPARs-PTEN-PI3K/Akt-SREBPs system and affect serum BNP levels indirectly. CONCLUSION BNP had significant negative correlation with ApoA2, ApoB and TC. The findings suggest that increasing serum levels of ApoA2, ApoB and TC may have an effect on improving heart function. But the mechanism is presently unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Takeuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Hou HH, Hammock BD, Su KH, Morisseau C, Kou YR, Imaoka S, Oguro A, Shyue SK, Zhao JF, Lee TS. N-terminal domain of soluble epoxide hydrolase negatively regulates the VEGF-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:120-9. [PMID: 22072631 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has both an epoxide hydrolase and a phosphatase domain. The role of sEH hydrolase activity in the metabolism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) has been well defined. However, far less is known about the role of sEH phosphatase activity in eNOS activation. In the present study, we investigated whether the phosphatase domain of sEH was involved in the eNOS activation in ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS The level of eNOS phosphorylation in aortas is higher in the sEH knockout (sEH(-/-)) mice than in wild-type mice. In ECs, pharmacological inhibition of sEH phosphatase or overexpressing sEH with an inactive phosphatase domain enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced NO production and eNOS phosphorylation. In contrast, overexpressing the phosphatase domain of sEH prevented the VEGF-mediated NO production and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser617, Ser635, and Ser1179. Additionally, treatment with VEGF induced a c-Src kinase-dependent increase in transient tyrosine phosphorylation of sEH and the formation of a sEH-eNOS complex, which was abolished by treatment with a c-Src kinase inhibitor, PP1, or the c-Src dominant-negative mutant K298M. We also demonstrated that the phosphatase domain of sEH played a key role in VEGF-induced angiogenesis by detecting the tube formation in ECs and neovascularization in Matrigel plugs in mice. CONCLUSION In addition to epoxide hydrolase activity, phosphatase activity of sEH plays a pivotal role in the regulation of eNOS activity and NO-mediated EC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Hou
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Su KH, Shyue SK, Kou YR, Ching LC, Chiang AN, Yu YB, Chen CY, Pan CC, Lee TS. β Common receptor integrates the erythropoietin signaling in activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3330-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Tumor cells are characterized by adaptations in cellular metabolism that afford growth and proliferative advantages over normal cells and, thus, contribute to cancer pathophysiology. There is an increasing appreciation of the fact that oncogenic signaling controls the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells; however, the mechanisms and critical players are only beginning to be elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation downstream of oncogenic signaling pathways, controls specific aspects of cellular metabolism through the induction of metabolic gene expression. mTORC1 activation is sufficient to promote flux through glycolysis and the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as to stimulate de novo lipogenesis, all processes that are important in tumor biology. As mTORC1 signaling is aberrantly elevated in the majority of genetic tumor syndromes and sporadic cancers, this pathway is poised to be a major driver of the metabolic conversion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Yecies
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is a fundamental and highly regulated process. Transcription factors known as sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) coordinate the expression of many genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of cholesterol. Dysregulation of SREBP activation and cellular lipid accumulation has been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This review will provide an overview of ER stress and the UPR as well as cholesterol homeostasis and SREBP regulation, with an emphasis on their interaction and biological relevance.
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Zhou RH, Pesant S, Cohn HI, Soltys S, Koch WJ, Eckhart AD. Negative regulation of VEGF signaling in human coronary artery endothelial cells by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 2:57-61. [PMID: 20443868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is present in endothelial cells (ECs) and has the potential to regulate EC function through seven transmembrane-spanning receptor (7TMR) signaling. Recently, it has been appreciated that GRKs can affect receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). VEGF, an RTK, is one of the most potent mediators for EC function and angiogenesis; therefore, we determined the role GRK5 plays in VEGF signaling in human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs). GRK5 levels were increased by VEGF treatment in HCAECs. Adenoviral overexpression of GRK5 inhibited migration and proliferation of HCAECs in response to VEGF. GRK5 overexpression in HCAECs significantly suppressed both acute and late activation of Akt and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERKs) as well as the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, an endogenous substrate of Akt. Coimmunoprecipitations revealed that GRK5 is physically associated with Akt. This study shows for the first time that GRK5 negatively regulates VEGF signaling in HCAECs and suggests that targeted intervention of GRK5 in ECs might be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat disorders involving altered EC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hai Zhou
- Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Krycer JR, Sharpe LJ, Luu W, Brown AJ. The Akt-SREBP nexus: cell signaling meets lipid metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:268-76. [PMID: 20117946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) and Akt are signaling kinases involved in cell survival and proliferation. Recent evidence suggests that PI3K/Akt activates the sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), master transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism. The precise molecular mechanisms are controversial and differ between SREBP isoforms; proposed mechanisms include increased trafficking and processing of SREBP, reduced degradation, and involvement of the downstream signaling hub, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In this report, we explore the various mechanistic links between Akt and SREBP. We consider this relationship in diseases where Akt and lipids play crucial roles, including diabetes, viral infections and cancer, suggesting that this Akt-SREBP link provides fresh insights into human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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41
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Abstract
Bilayer synthesis during membrane biogenesis involves the concerted assembly of multiple lipid species, requiring coordination of the level of lipid synthesis, uptake, turnover, and subcellular distribution. In this review, we discuss some of the salient conclusions regarding the coordination of lipid synthesis that have emerged from work in mammalian and yeast cells. The principal instruments of global control are a small number of transcription factors that target a wide range of genes encoding enzymes that operate in a given metabolic pathway. Critical in mammalian cells are sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) that stimulate expression of genes for the uptake and synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. From work with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, much has been learned about glycerophospholipid and ergosterol regulation through Ino2p/Ino4p and Upc2p transcription factors, respectively. Lipid supply is fine-tuned through a multitude of negative feedback circuits initiated by both end products and intermediates of lipid synthesis pathways. Moreover, there is evidence that the diversity of membrane lipids is maintained through cross-regulatory effects, whereby classes of lipids activate the activity of enzymes operating in another metabolic branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Nohturfft
- Molecular and Metabolic Signalling Centre, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE United Kingdom.
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Gao X, Xing D. Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16:4. [PMID: 19272168 PMCID: PMC2644974 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. Other two pathways, DeltaPsim/ATP/cAMP/JNK/AP-1 and ROS/Src, are also involved in LPLI-induced proliferation. LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. Furthermore, LPLI induces the synthesis or release of many molecules, like growth factors, interleukins, inflammatory cytokines and others, which are related to promotive effects of LPLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
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Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in mice induces expression of the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:596-605. [PMID: 18852694 PMCID: PMC2518458 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene cause familial hypercholesterolaemia in humans and deletion of the LDLR induces lesion development in mice fed a high-fat diet. LDLR expression is predominantly regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) ligand, belongs to a drug class used to treat dyslipidaemic patients. We have investigated the effects of fenofibrate on hepatic LDLR expression. Experimental approach: The effects of fenofibrate on hepatic LDLR expression (mRNA and protein) and function were evaluated by both in vitro (with AML12 cells) and in vivo experiments in mice. Key results: Fenofibrate increased LDLR expression and LDL binding in a mouse hepatoma cell line, AML12 cells. Fenofibrate restored sterol-inhibited hepatocyte LDLR expression. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that induction of LDLR expression by fenofibrate was dependent on PPARα and sterol regulatory elements (SRE). Specifically, fenofibrate induced LDLR expression by increasing maturation of SREBP2 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) but had no effect on SREBP cleavage-activating protein. In vivo, a high-fat diet suppressed LDLR expression in mouse liver while elevating total and LDL cholesterol levels in plasma. However, fenofibrate restored LDLR expression inhibited by high-fat diets in the liver and reduced LDL cholesterol levels in plasma. Conclusions and implications: Our data suggest that fenofibrate increased hepatic LDLR expression in mice by a mechanism involving Akt phosphorylation and LDLR gene transcription mediated by SREBP2.
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Interleukin-4 induces lipogenesis in porcine endothelial cells, which in turn is critical for induction of protection against complement-mediated injury. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:638-40. [PMID: 18374150 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 has been shown to induce protection in porcine vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from killing by human complement. This protection is dependent on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated mechanisms downstream of Akt and found that activation of the lipid biosynthesis pathway is required for protection from complement in ECs treated with IL-4. Cells incubated with IL-4 for 48 hours contained increased fatty acids and phospholipids but cholesterol was not increased when compared with medium-treated controls. The transcription factor SREBP-1, which regulates fatty acid synthesis, was found to be activated in extracts of ECs incubated with IL-4 for 6 hours. Finally, induction of protection from complement killing with IL-4 was fully prevented by the presence of the SREBP inhibitor 25-OH cholesterol. This study showed that IL-4 induces lipid biosynthesis in porcine ECs through activation of SREBP-1 and that the activation of this pathway is critical for IL-4 to induce protection of porcine ECs from killing by human complement. Further study of these mechanisms may provide new strategies for the prevention of complement-mediated vascular injury as it occurs in xenograft rejection.
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Chen CH, Hung HS, Hsu SH. Low-energy laser irradiation increases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and eNOS gene expression possibly via PI3K signal pathway. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:46-54. [PMID: 18220263 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the mechanisms by which low-energy laser irradiation (LELI) may exert some of its angiogenic effects via the PI3 kinase/eNOS signaling pathway and induce endothelial cell migration and neovascularization, an important and necessary part of wound healing. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The possible molecular mechanism of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on endothelial cells was proposed. He-Ne laser at 632.5 nm was used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and its effect on cell proliferation, nitric oxide secretion, and cell migration was determined. RESULTS Irradiation enhanced endothelial nitric oxidase synthase (eNOS) protein expression, and irradiation of less than 0.26 J/cm(2) enhanced eNOS gene expression in HUVEC. The cell migration ability was promoted for HUVEC irradiated with 0.26 J/cm(2). This agreed with the vinculin protein expression induced by irradiation. In addition, the angiogenesis was promoted. The induced eNOS expression was inhibited by LY294002, indicating that the effect of laser on EC could be attributed to the up-regulation of eNOS expression through PI3K pathway at the cellular and molecular levels as a result of the He-Ne laser. CONCLUSIONS The study has shown that LELI increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, NO secretion, and identified that activation of PI3K/Akt pathway was a critical step for the elevated for eNOS expression upon LELI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Mandimika T, Baykus H, Poortman J, Garza C, Kuiper H, Peijnenburg A. Induction of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in differentiated Caco-2 cells by the potato glycoalkaloid α-chaconine. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1918-27. [PMID: 17560705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring toxins in potatoes, which at high levels may induce toxic effects in humans, mainly on the gastrointestinal tract by cell membrane disruption. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying glycoalkaloid toxicity, we examined the effects of alpha-chaconine on gene expression in the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line using DNA microarrays. Caco-2 cells were exposed for 6h to 10 microM alpha-chaconine in three independent experiments (randomized block design). The most prominent finding from our gene expression and pathway analyses was the upregulation of expression of several genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This to some extent is in line with the literature-described mechanism of cell membrane disruption by glycoalkaloids. In addition, various growth factor signaling pathways were found to be significantly upregulated. This study is useful in understanding the mechanism(s) of alpha-chaconine toxicity, which may be extended to other potato glycoalkaloids more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Mandimika
- RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chu RYL, Schechter E, Chu N. Dose indices of radiation to skin in fluoroscopically guided invasive cardiology procedures. HEALTH PHYSICS 2007; 93:S124-7. [PMID: 17630636 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000259851.86208.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury depends on the extent as well as the intensity of the assault. It would be helpful to develop skin dose indices that are more descriptive of the skin area receiving radiation above a threshold value of potential injury. For monitoring radiation exposure to patients, radiochromic film was placed close to the skin of a patient undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. With the approval of the Institutional Review Board, films from 36 patients were scanned. Contours were drawn at the increment of 100 cGy in air kerma. Using each contour value as a threshold, the area exceeding this threshold and the average dose within this area were computed. For the four patients who had skin doses exceeding the 200 cGy threshold, the peak entrance doses have a range from 230 cGy to 409 cGy. However, these high radiation exposures were confined to limited skin areas and support the absence of any significant skin injury in these patients. The area exceeding a chosen threshold value and the average dose within the area circumscribed might therefore serve as helpful measures of the assault to the skin. This investigation has demonstrated the technical feasibility of providing such dose indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y L Chu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Post Office Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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Nakakuki M, Shimano H, Inoue N, Tamura M, Matsuzaka T, Nakagawa Y, Yahagi N, Toyoshima H, Sato R, Yamada N. A transcription factor of lipid synthesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1a causes G(1) cell-cycle arrest after accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors. FEBS J 2007; 274:4440-52. [PMID: 17662109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1a is a unique membrane-bound transcription factor highly expressed in actively growing cells and involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Because mammalian cells need to synthesize membrane lipids for cell replication, the functional relevance of SREBP-1a in cell proliferation has been considered a biological adaptation. However, the effect of this potent lipid-synthesis activator on cell growth has never been explored. Here, we show that induction of nuclear SREBP-1a, but not SREBP-2, completely inhibited cell growth in inducible Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Growth inhibition occurred through G(1) cell-cycle arrest, which is observed in various cell types with transient expression of nuclear SREBP-1a. SREBP-1a caused the accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors such as p27, p21, and p16, leading to reduced cdk2 and cdk4 activities and hypophosphorylation of Rb protein. In contrast to transactivation of p21, SREBP-1a activated p27 by enhancing stabilization of the protein through inhibition of SKP2 and KPC1. In vivo, SREBP-1a-expressing livers of transgenic mice exhibited impaired regeneration after partial hepatectomy. SREBP-1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts had a higher cell proliferation rate than wild-type cells. The unexpected cell growth-inhibitory role of SREBP-1a provides a new paradigm to link lipid synthesis and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nakakuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
1. The link between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease is well-established. Emerging evidence is now forging a tantalizing link between cholesterol and cancer. 2. Results from a number of case-control studies have indicated that the commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, the statins, may reduce the risk of certain cancers, although this area certainly remains controversial. 3. Herein, the recent literature examining statins and cancer is reviewed briefly and the relationship between a key cholesterol homeostatic pathway and signalling pathways that are involved in carcinogenesis is discussed. In particular, how the sterol-regulatory element binding protein, Akt and Hedgehog pathways may converge in cancer is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Zimman A, Mouillesseaux KP, Le T, Gharavi NM, Ryvkin A, Graeber TG, Chen TT, Watson AD, Berliner JA. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 plays a role in the activation of aortic endothelial cells by oxidized phospholipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 27:332-8. [PMID: 17110601 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000252842.57585.df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that oxidized products of PAPC (Ox-PAPC) regulate cell transcription of interleukin-8, LDL receptor, and tissue factor. This upregulation takes place in part through the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and Erk 1/2. The present studies identify vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as a major regulator in the activation of SREBP and Erk 1/2 in endothelial cells activated by Ox-PAPC. METHODS AND RESULTS Ox-PAPC induced the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Tyr1175 in human aortic endothelial cells. Inhibitors and siRNA for VEGFR2 decreased the transcription of interleukin-8, LDL receptor, and tissue factor in response to Ox-PAPC and the activation of SREBP and Erk 1/2, which mediate this transcription. We provide evidence that the activation of VEGFR2 is rapid, sustained, and c-Src-dependent. CONCLUSIONS These data point to a major role of VEGFR2 in endothelial regulation by oxidized phospholipids which accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Zimman
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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