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Ramos-Regalado L, Alcover S, Badimon L, Vilahur G. The Influence of Metabolic Risk Factors on the Inflammatory Response Triggered by Myocardial Infarction: Bridging Pathophysiology to Treatment. Cells 2024; 13:1125. [PMID: 38994977 PMCID: PMC11240659 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) sets off a complex inflammatory cascade that is crucial for effective cardiac healing and scar formation. Yet, if this response becomes excessive or uncontrolled, it can lead to cardiovascular complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the tightly regulated local inflammatory response triggered in the early post-MI phase involving cardiomyocytes, (myo)fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and infiltrating immune cells. Next, we explore how the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis (such as in the spleen) contribute to sustaining immune cell supply at a cardiac level. Lastly, we discuss recent findings on how metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and hypertension, disrupt this immunological response and explore the potential modulatory effects of lifestyle habits and pharmacological interventions. Understanding how different metabolic risk factors influence the inflammatory response triggered by MI and unraveling the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms may pave the way for developing personalized therapeutic approaches based on the patient's metabolic profile. Similarly, delving deeper into the impact of lifestyle modifications on the inflammatory response post-MI is crucial. These insights may enable the adoption of more effective strategies to manage post-MI inflammation and improve cardiovascular health outcomes in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisaidy Ramos-Regalado
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Alcover
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Ciber CV, Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Ciber CV, Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Andersson DP, Littmann K, Kindborg G, Eklund D, Sejersen K, Yan J, Eriksson Hogling D, Parini P, Brinck J. Relation among hypertriglyceridaemia, cardiometabolic disease, and hereditary factors-design and rationale of the Stockholm hyperTRIglyceridaemia REGister study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae010. [PMID: 38487365 PMCID: PMC10937219 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Aims Hypertriglyceridaemia (hTG) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, pancreatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in large population-based studies. The understanding of the impact of hereditary hTG and cardiometabolic disease status on the development of hTG and its associated cardiometabolic outcomes is more limited. We aimed to establish a multigenerational cohort to enable studies of the relationship between hTG, cardiometabolic disease and hereditary factors. Methods and results The population-based observational Stockholm hyperTRIglyceridaemia REGister (STRIREG) study includes 1 460 184 index individuals who have measured plasma triglycerides in the clinical routine in Region Stockholm, Sweden, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. The laboratory measurements also included basic haematology, blood lipid panel, liver function tests, and HbA1c. Using the Swedish Multi-Generation register, 2 147 635 parents and siblings to the indexes were identified to form the complete study cohort. Laboratory data from participants were combined with data from several national registers that provided information on the cause of death, medical diagnoses, dispensed medicines, and socioeconomic factors including country of birth, education level, and marital status. Conclusion The multi-generational longitudinal STRIREG cohort provides a unique opportunity to investigate different aspects of hTG as well as heredity for other metabolic diseases. Important outcome measures include mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, development of incident diabetes, and NAFLD. The STRIREG study will provide a deeper understanding of the impact of hereditary factors and associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Littmann
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Kindborg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- Medical Unit Clinical Chemistry, C1-62, Karolinska University Laboratory, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sejersen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Unilabs AB, Unilabs Laboratory Medicine Stockholm, Section of Clinical Chemistry, 171 54 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jane Yan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Brinck
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Cardio Metabolic Unit, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, C2:94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Huang P, Ran J, Zhu W, Dai W, Tang Y, Lian P, Huang X, Li R. PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23464. [PMID: 38358343 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is often treated with olanzapine. Despite its efficacy, olanzapine's prolonged use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via an unknown mechanism. This study aims to investigate the role of PCSK9 in olanzapine-induced NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 and AML12 cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of olanzapine to examine the effects of olanzapine on PCSK9 and lipid metabolism. PCSK9 levels were manipulated using recombinant proteins, plasmids, and small interfering RNAs in vitro, and the effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to lipid metabolism were assessed. Olanzapine treatment significantly increased PCSK9 levels in both animal and cell line models, correlating with elevated lipid accumulation. PCSK9 manipulation demonstrated its central role in mediating hepatic steatosis through both receptor-dependent pathways (impacting NPC1L1) and receptor-independent pathways (affecting lipid synthesis, uptake, and cholesterol biosynthesis). Interestingly, upregulation of SREBP-1c, rather than SREBP-2, was identified as a key driver of PCSK9 increase in olanzapine-induced NAFLD. Our findings establish PCSK9 as a pivotal factor in olanzapine-induced NAFLD, influencing both receptor-related and metabolic pathways. This highlights PCSK9 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for managing NAFLD in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juanli Ran
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaxin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingan Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Somuncu E, Ornek Z, Kardes H, Guven B, Somuncu MU. The relationship between metabolic syndrome criteria and pentraxin-3 levels in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:865-872. [PMID: 37531149 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While the positive correlation was shown in a few studies which investigated the relationship between obesity and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) levels, different findings were obtained in other studies. We aimed to determine PTX-3 levels in obese and healthy children, and their relationship with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) criteria. METHODS 105 children and adolescents were considered as the study population. Participants were divided into three groups; obese and MetS (OM+), obese and non-MetS (OM-) and the control group. Fasting glucose, blood lipids and PTX-3 levels were measured. Ultrasonography was performed to detect hepatic steatosis. MetS and hepatic steatosis were investigated by dividing the patients into two groups according to PTX-3 levels. RESULTS The study population consisted of 37 patients with OM+; 35 patients with OM- and 33 healthy children. OM+ patients had higher fasting insulin (p<0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001) and lower high-density lipoprotein (p=0.001). The PTX-3 level was higher in the OM+ group compared to both OM- group and the control group (p=0.002). When two groups were generated according to PTX-3 level, a higher frequency of MetS was detected in the high PTX 3 group than in all three major MetS diagnostic criteria groups. Moreover, there was more hepatic steatosis in the high PTX-3 group independent from obesity and MetS. CONCLUSIONS Higher PTX-3 levels were present in children and adolescent obese patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Somuncu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Gynecology and Childhood Hospital Zonguldak, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Zuhal Ornek
- Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Kardes
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital Trabzon, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Umut Somuncu
- Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
- Department of Cardiology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Türkiye
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Doi T, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Dual elevated remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein in myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117141. [PMID: 37217436 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation each cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, it is unknown whether joint elevation of both factors confers the highest risk. We tested the hypothesis that dual elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation marked by elevated C-reactive protein is associated with the highest risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality. METHODS The Copenhagen General Population Study randomly recruited white Danish individuals aged 20-100 years in 2003-2015 and followed them for a median 9.5 years. ASCVD was cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization. RESULTS In 103,221 individuals, we observed 2,454 (2.4%) myocardial infarctions, 5,437 (5.3%) ASCVD events, and 10,521 (10.2%) deaths. The hazard ratios increased with each of stepwise higher remnant cholesterol and stepwise higher C-reactive protein. In individuals with the highest tertile of both remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein compared to individuals with the lowest tertile of both, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 2.2 (95%CI:1.9-2.7) for myocardial infarction, 1.9 (1.7-2.2) for ASCVD, and 1.4 (1.3-1.5) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding values for only the highest tertile of remnant cholesterol were 1.6 (1.5-1.8), 1.4 (1.3-1.5), and 1.1 (1.0-1.1), and those for only the highest tertile of C-reactive protein were 1.7 (1.5-1.8), 1.6 (1.5-1.7), and 1.3 (1.3-1.4), respectively. There was no statistical evidence for interaction between elevated remnant cholesterol and elevated C-reactive protein on risk of myocardial infarction (p = 0.10), ASCVD (p = 0.40), or all-cause mortality (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Dual elevated remnant cholesterol and C-reactive protein confers the highest risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality, that is, compared to either of these two factors individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Doi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Langsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Miura Y, Suzuki H. Hypertriglyceridemia and Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416224. [PMID: 36555866 PMCID: PMC9785250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia have emerged as residual risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. However, it is unclear whether hypertriglyceridemia increases the risks of the progression of carotid artery stenosis. Statins are well known to prevent carotid plaque progression and improve carotid plaque instability. In addition, statin therapy is also known to reduce cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid artery stenosis and to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing revascularization procedures. On the other hand, there have been no randomized controlled trials showing that the combination of non-statin lipid-lowering drugs with statins has additional beneficial effects over statin monotherapy to prevent cerebrovascular events and stenosis progression in patients with carotid artery stenosis. In this article, the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of atherosclerosis formation associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the potential role of lipid-lowering drugs on carotid artery stenosis. The authors also review the articles reporting the relationships between hypertriglyceridemia and carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-232-1111; Fax: +81-59-231-5212
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Xiang Q, Tian F, Xu J, Du X, Zhang S, Liu L. New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1844-1867. [PMID: 35569818 PMCID: PMC9541442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms remain complex. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that senescence of various types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) contributes to atherosclerosis. Cellular senescence and atherosclerosis share various causative stimuli, in which dyslipidemia has attracted much attention. Dyslipidemia, mainly referred to elevated plasma levels of atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, or functional impairment of anti‐atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, plays a pivotal role both in cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence during atherosclerosis, with a focus on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and its modifications, hydrolysate of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. Furthermore, we describe the underlying mechanisms linking dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the senescence‐related therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, with special attention given to the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of promising geroprotectors as well as anti‐senescence effects of current lipid‐lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Institute of Aging and Age‐related Disease Research Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450000 PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Shilan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
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Peng X, Wu H. Inflammatory Links Between Hypertriglyceridemia and Atherogenesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:297-306. [PMID: 35274230 PMCID: PMC9575332 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies indicate an association between hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential mechanism connecting HTG and ASCVD risk and the potential efficacy of HTG-targeting therapies in ASCVD prevention. RECENT FINDINGS HTG, with elevations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) and their remnants, are causal ASCVD risk factors. The mechanisms whereby HTG increases ASCVD risk are not well understood but may include multiple factors. Inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. TGRL compared to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) correlate better with inflammation. TGRL remnants can penetrate endothelium and interact with macrophages leading to foam cell formation and inflammation in arterial walls, thereby contributing to atherogenesis. In addition, circulating monocytes can take up TGRL and become lipid-laden foamy monocytes, which infiltrate the arterial wall and may also contribute to atherogenesis. Novel therapies targeting HTG or inflammation are in development and have potential of reducing residual ASCVD risk associated with HTG. Clinical and preclinical studies show a causal role of HTG in promoting ASCVD, in which inflammation plays a vital role. Novel therapies targeting HTG or inflammation have potential of reducing residual ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Thota RN, Moughan PJ, Singh H, Garg ML. Significance of Postprandial Insulin and Triglycerides to Evaluate the Metabolic Response of Composite Meals Differing in Nutrient Composition – A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816755. [PMID: 35308275 PMCID: PMC8924580 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims GlucoTRIG, based on postprandial plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations, has been recently developed as a novel index to determine the postprandial metabolic response to the meals. This study aimed to test GlucoTRIG as a measure for ranking composite meals for their metabolic effects. Methods In a randomized cross-over trial, healthy adult volunteers (both males and females; n = 10 for each meal) consumed three is caloric (2000 kj) test meals (meal 1, meal 2, meal 3) of varying macronutrient composition. Postmeal consumption, venous blood samples were collected to determine plasma insulin and plasma triglycerides for estimating the GlucoTRIG value using (Triglycerides180min × Insulin180min) - (Triglycerides0min × Insulin0min). Results The GlucoTRIG values differed significantly (p = 0.0085) across meals. The statistical significance remains even after adjusting for confounding variables such as baseline diet, insulin, and triglycerides. The meal (M3) with a high fiber, low total fat content and containing less refined foods (fruits, beans, vegetables, plain yogurt) exhibited a significantly (p = 0.007) lower GlucoTRIG value (10 ± 7.7) compared to the other two meals, M1 (77 ± 19.8) and M2 (38 ± 12.1) which contained low processed foods, and were relatively high in fat and low in fiber meals. No statistically significant differences were observed between M1 and M2 meal. Conclusions GlucoTRIG is a physiologically based index that may be useful to rank composite meals for reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. Further research focusing on the application of GlucoTRIG to foods, meals, and diets is warranted. ACTRN12619000973112 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ANZCTR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith N. Thota
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Manohar L. Garg
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10
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Tall AR, Thomas DG, Gonzalez-Cabodevilla AG, Goldberg IJ. Addressing dyslipidemic risk beyond LDL-cholesterol. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148559. [PMID: 34981790 PMCID: PMC8718149 DOI: 10.1172/jci148559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of LDL-lowering drugs in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD), there remains a large burden of residual disease due in part to persistent dyslipidemia characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and reduced levels of HDL. This form of dyslipidemia is increasing globally as a result of the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired hepatic clearance of cholesterol-rich TRL remnants leads to their accumulation in arteries, promoting foam cell formation and inflammation. Low levels of HDL may associate with reduced cholesterol efflux from foam cells, aggravating atherosclerosis. While fibrates and fish oils reduce TRL, they have not been uniformly successful in reducing CVD, and there is a large unmet need for new approaches to reduce remnants and CVD. Rare genetic variants that lower triglyceride levels via activation of lipolysis and associate with reduced CVD suggest new approaches to treating dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) have emerged as targets for inhibition by antibody, antisense, or RNAi approaches. Inhibition of either molecule lowers TRL but respectively raises or lowers HDL levels. Large clinical trials of such agents in patients with high CVD risk and elevated levels of TRL will be required to demonstrate efficacy of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David G Thomas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ainara G Gonzalez-Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Yoshikawa M, Asaba K, Nakayama T. Estimating causal effects of atherogenic lipid-related traits on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:269. [PMID: 34774031 PMCID: PMC8590430 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number of COVID-19 deaths continues to rise worldwide, the identification of risk factors for the disease is an urgent issue, and it remains controversial whether atherogenic lipid-related traits including serum apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, are risk factors. The aim of this study was to estimate causal effects of lipid-related traits on COVID-19 risk in the European population using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We used summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that included 441,016 participants from the UK Biobank as the exposure dataset of lipid-related traits and from COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative GWAS meta-analyses of European ancestry as the outcome dataset for COVID-19 susceptibility (32,494 cases and 1,316,207 controls), hospitalization (8316 cases and 1,549,095 controls), and severity (4792 cases and 1,054,664 controls). We performed two-sample MR analyses using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. As sensitivity analyses, the MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were conducted as were leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, the MR-PRESSO global test, PhenoScanner searches, and IVW multivariable MR analyses. A P value below 0.0055 with Bonferroni correction was considered statistically significant. RESULTS This MR study suggested that serum apolipoprotein B or LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with COVID-19 risk. On the other hand, we inferred that higher serum triglyceride levels were suggestively associated with higher risks of COVID-19 susceptibility (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase in lifelong triglyceride levels, 1.065; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.13; P = 0.045) and hospitalization (OR, 1.174; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33; P = 0.012), and were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity (OR, 1.274; 95% CI, 1.08-1.50; P = 0.004). Sensitivity and bidirectional MR analyses suggested that horizontal pleiotropy and reverse causation were unlikely. CONCLUSIONS Our MR study indicates a causal effect of higher serum triglyceride levels on a greater risk of COVID-19 severity in the European population using the latest and largest GWAS datasets to date. However, as the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and our study might be still biased due to possible horizontal pleiotropy, further studies are warranted to validate our findings and investigate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Asaba
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Gao X, Wei M, Ma D, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Li L, Deng Y, Yang W. Engineering of a Hollow‐Structured Cu
2−
X
S Nano‐Homojunction Platform for Near Infrared‐Triggered Infected Wound Healing and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mingtian Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Daichuan Ma
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Limei Li
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center Kunming Medical University Kunming 650500 China
| | - Yi Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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13
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Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, Ference BA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Kersten S, Lewis GF, Lichtenstein AH, Moulin P, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Staels B, Stroes ESG, Taskinen MR, Tokgözoğlu LS, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stock JK, Catapano AL. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4791-4806. [PMID: 34472586 PMCID: PMC8670783 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), 47 Hôpital boulevard, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, Nuevo León 3000, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Marina Square, 61, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 Rue St Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Eaton Building, Room 12E248, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St Ste 9, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1060, CENS-ELI B, Univ-Lyon1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr Ste 10-7C114, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Hwy, Amsterdam 71103, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg 57 2000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 3B 2200, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, Gothenburg SE-412 51, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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14
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Fagundes CP, Wu EL. Biological mechanisms underlying widowhood's health consequences: Does diet play a role? COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100058. [PMID: 35757059 PMCID: PMC9216459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of a spouse is a highly stressful event that puts older adults at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The risk is highest in the first year to 18 months post-loss; nevertheless, widow(er)s, in general, are at heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related morbidity and mortality, and to a lesser extent, non-CVD related morbidity and mortality. The primary goal of this article is to argue for a perspective that considers diet and emotion-induced autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune dysregulation, in unison, to understand the mechanisms underlying morbidity and mortality in early widowhood. Toward this end, we first summarize our previously published work, as well as work from other investigatory teams, showing that compared with those who were not bereaved, widow(er)s have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and more dysregulated autonomic and neuroendocrine activity than non-widow(er)s, independent of health behaviors such as diet. We highlight that a major gap in our current understanding of the biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie the widowhood effect is the role of diet and hypothesize that the adverse health impact of grief and associated negative emotions and diet may be more than additive. Therefore, we propose that diet may be a pathway by which widow(er)s are at higher CVD risk requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Fagundes
- Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Rey N, Ebrahimian T, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Magneron V, Bontemps CA, Demarquay C, Olsson G, Haghdoost S, Lehoux S, Ebrahimian TG. Exposure to Low to Moderate Doses of Ionizing Radiation Induces A Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Ly6chigh Monocytes and a U-Curved Response of T Cells in APOE -/- Mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211016237. [PMID: 34163310 PMCID: PMC8191078 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211016237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is known to have a protective effect on atherosclerosis in rodent studies, but how it impacts different cells types involved in lesion formation remains incompletely understood. We investigated the immunomodulatory response of different doses and dose-rates of irradiation in ApoE-/- mice. Mice were exposed to external γ rays at very low (1.4 mGy.h-1) or low (50 mGy.h-1) dose-rates, with cumulative doses spanning 50 to 1000 mGy. Flow cytometry of circulating cells revealed a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory Ly6CHi monocytes at all cumulative doses at low dose-rate, but more disparate effects at very low dose-rate with reductions in Ly6CHi cells at doses of 50, 100 and 750 mGy only. In contrast, Ly6CLo monocytes were not affected by LDIR. Similarly, proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets in the spleen did not differ between irradiated mice and non-irradiated controls, whether assessing CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory or CD69+ activated lymphocytes. In the aorta, gene expression of cytokines such as IL-1 and TGF-ß and adhesion molecules such as E-Selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were reduced at the intermediate dose of 200 mGy. These results suggest that LDIR may reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation by selectively reducing blood pro-inflammatory monocytes and by impairing adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory processes in the vessel wall. In contrast, splenic T lymphocytes were not affected by LDIR. Furthermore, some responses to irradiation were nonlinear; reductions in aortic gene expression were significant at intermediate doses, but not at either highest or lowest doses. This work furthers our understanding of the impact of LDIR with different dose-rates on immune system response in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rey
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - T Ebrahimian
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Gloaguen
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - D Kereselidze
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - V Magneron
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C A Bontemps
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - G Olsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,University of Caen Normandie, Aria/Cimap, GANIL, Campus Jules Horowitz, Caen, France
| | - S Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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16
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Liu QK. Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:556-568. [PMID: 34172393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been extensively studied as both dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of ASCVD. Epidemiological and retrospective studies have long shown the inverse relationship of omega-3 PUFA consumption and ASCVD event but results of previous large randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown the same effect. Meta-analysis and a recent clinical trial using a high dose of eicosapentaenoic acid showed convincing protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs on ASCVD. Emerging evidence shows that both chronic inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Amelioration of the inflammatory process and reduction of hypertriglyceridemia provide two mechanisms on the prevention and management of ASCVD, and agents with both of these effects are more potent and desirable. Omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect, ameliorate inflammation, and maintain the resolution of inflammation homeostasis pleiotropically through multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review presents the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of omega-3 PUFAs on the reduction of the atherosclerotic risk, and the current clinical utilities of omega-3 PUFAs on the prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Keith Liu
- MedStar Medical Group, MedStar Montgomery Medical Center, Olney, MD 20832, USA.
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17
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Wang Q, Su X, He Y, Wang M, Yang D, Zhang R, Wei J, Ma Q, Zhai W, Pang A, Huang Y, Feng S, Ballantyne CM, Wu H, Pei X, Feng X, Han M, Jiang E. CD11c participates in triggering acute graft-versus-host disease during bone marrow transplantation. Immunology 2021; 164:148-160. [PMID: 33934334 PMCID: PMC8358721 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c is a canonical dendritic cell (DC) marker with poorly defined functions in the immune system. Here, we found that blocking CD11c on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived DCs (MoDCs) inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and the differentiation into IFN‐γ‐producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells, which were critical in acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) pathogenesis. Using allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT) murine models, we consistently found that CD11c‐deficient recipient mice had alleviated aGVHD symptoms for the decreased IFN‐γ‐expressing CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells. Transcriptional analysis showed that CD11c participated in several immune regulation functions including maintaining antigen presentation of APCs. CD11c‐deficient bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) impaired the antigen presentation function in coculture assay. Mechanistically, CD11c interacted with MHCII and Hsp90 and participated in the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in DCs after multiple inflammatory stimulations. Therefore, CD11c played crucial roles in triggering aGVHD and might serve as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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18
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Li X, Wang G, Yan K, Yin S, Wang H, Wang Y, Bai X, Shen Y. The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Patterns of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Venous Thrombosis in Cancer Patients Followed Up by Ultrasound. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4329-4340. [PMID: 34103988 PMCID: PMC8179741 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) especially in patients suffering from cancer. We analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and patterns of PICC-related VTE in cancer patients. Patients and Methods Patients with cancer who underwent PICC placement were evaluated retrospectively. Routine, prospective ultrasound post-PICC placement was used for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients to identify VTE. Multivariable logistic regression models with odds ratios (ORs) were used to examine VTE risk factors. Results Of 2353 PICCs placed, 165 patients (7.01%) developed PICC-related VTE with a median thrombosis time of 12 days. After adjustment of multivariable analysis, patients with PICC-related VTE were more likely to have a ratio of PICC diameter:vein diameter >0.35 (adjusted OR, 1.689; 95% CI, 1.023–2.789) and high level of triglycerides (1.561; 1.096–2.223). The prevalence of A (adjusted OR, 1.680; 95% CI, 1.009–2.798), B (1.835; 1.137–2.961), and AB (3.275; 1.840–5.829) blood group was significantly higher than that of the O blood group in VTE patients. Venous recanalization was observed in 44.8% (74/165) patients after anticoagulation therapy, and more often in patients with combined deep VTE than in patients with isolated superficial VTE (OR, 17.942; 95% CI, 5.427–59.316). The recanalization time was 20±5 (range, 10–31) days. Conclusion The non-O blood group, larger ratio of PICC diameter:vein diameter, and high level of triglycerides were significantly associated with PICC-related VTE. Almost half of cases of PICC-related deep VTE could be reversed by anticoagulation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), ICU, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), ICU, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), ICU, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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MiR-520b inhibits endothelial activation by targeting NF-κB p65-VCAM1 axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114540. [PMID: 33819467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MiR-520b belongs to the miR-373/520 family, is expressed only in human and nonhuman primates. Previous reports indicated that the expression of miR-520b was repressed in human atherosclerotic plaque tissue compared with healthy vessels. However, the role of miR-520b in coronary artery disease still remains to be uncovered. In this study, we demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) in human atherosclerotic plaques expressed miR-520b and aimed to elucidate the impact of miR-520b on EC activation and inflammatory response. To determine the potential targets of miR-520b, we performed RNA-seq analysis by transfecting miR-520b mimics in ECs. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation suggested that miR-520b over-expression reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression (e.g. ICAM1, VCAM1, SELE) while the inhibition of miR-520b induced their expression. By combining bioinformatics prediction and functional assays, we identified that RELA (Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Transcription Factor P65) was a direct target of miR-520b. Moreover, miR-520b mimics attenuated monocyte adhesion and monocyte trans-endothelial migration (the initial steps of atherosclerotic formation) in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Re-expression of a non-miR-targetable version of p65 could rescue the reduced monocyte cell attachment, suggesting that this process is NF-κB p65 dependent. MiR-520b reduced the abundance of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasmic fractions without corresponding increase in nuclear fractions, indicating that this regulation is independent of p65 translocation process. MiR-520b mimics attenuated the activity of VCAM-1 promoter, whereas miR-520b inhibitor activated its activity. However, miR-520b inhibitor had no effect on promoter activity containing the mutated NF-κB p65 binding sites, strongly demonstrating that the impact of miR-520b on VCAM1 gene is mediated by NF-κB p65. Thus, we concluded that miR-520b suppressed EC inflammation and the cross-talk between monocytes and ECs by down-regulating NF-κB p65-ICAM1/VCAM1 axis and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Anderson JLC, Bakker SJL, Tietge UJF. The triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio and chronic graft failure in renal transplantation. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:301-310. [PMID: 33589404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant vasculopathy (TV) is a major contributing factor to chronic graft failure in renal transplant recipients (RTR). TV lesions resemble atherosclerosis in several ways, and it is plausible to believe that some risk factors influence both atherosclerotic plaque formation and formation of TV. OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective longitudinal study was to determine if dyslipidemia reflected by the triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio is prospectively associated with death censored chronic graft failure in RTR. METHOD 454 prospectively included RTR with a functioning graft for at least one year, were followed for a median of 7 years. RTR were matched based on propensity scores to avoid potential confounding and subsequently the association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with the endpoint chronic graft failure, defined as return to dialysis or re-transplantation, was investigated. RESULTS Linear regression analysis showed that concentration of insulin, male gender, BMI and number of antihypertensives predict the TG/HDL-C ratio. Cox regression showed that the TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with chronic graft failure (HR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.12-1.84, p = 0.005) in competing risk analysis for mortality. Interaction testing indicated that the relationship of the TG/HDL-C ratio with graft failure is stronger in subjects with a higher insulin concentration. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the TG/HDL-C ratio has the potential to act as a predictive clinical biomarker. Furthermore, there is a need for closer attention to lipid management in RTR in clinical practice with a focus on triglyceride metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine L C Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Hernandez AA, Foster GA, Soderberg SR, Fernandez A, Reynolds MB, Orser MK, Bailey KA, Rogers JH, Singh GD, Wu H, Passerini AG, Simon SI. An Allosteric Shift in CD11c Affinity Activates a Proatherogenic State in Arrested Intermediate Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2806-2820. [PMID: 33055281 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate monocytes (iMo; CD14+CD16+) increase in number in the circulation of patients with unstable coronary artery disease (CAD), and their recruitment to inflamed arteries is implicated in events leading to mortality following MI. Monocyte recruitment to inflamed coronary arteries is initiated by high affinity β2-integrin (CD11c/CD18) that activates β1-integrin (VLA-4) to bind endothelial VCAM-1. How integrin binding under shear stress mechanosignals a functional shift in iMo toward an inflammatory phenotype associated with CAD progression is unknown. Whole blood samples from patients treated for symptomatic CAD including non-ST elevation MI, along with healthy age-matched subjects, were collected to assess chemokine and integrin receptor levels on monocytes. Recruitment on inflamed human aortic endothelium or rVCAM-1 under fluid shear stress was assessed using a microfluidic-based artery on a chip (A-Chip). Membrane upregulation of high affinity CD11c correlated with concomitant activation of VLA-4 within focal adhesive contacts was required for arrest and diapedesis across inflamed arterial endothelium to a greater extent in non-ST elevation MI compared with stable CAD patients. The subsequent conversion of CD11c from a high to low affinity state under fluid shear activated phospho-Syk- and ADAM17-mediated proteolytic cleavage of CD16. This marked the conversion of iMo to an inflammatory phenotype associated with nuclear translocation of NF-κB and production of IL-1β+ We conclude that CD11c functions as a mechanoregulator that activates an inflammatory state preferentially in a majority of iMo from cardiac patients but not healthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo A Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Greg A Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephanie R Soderberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Andrea Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mack B Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mable K Orser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Keith A Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jason H Rogers
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817; and
| | - Gagan D Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817; and
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anthony G Passerini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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22
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Ishida H, Jiang M, Ebinuma H, Hiruta N, Schneider WJ, Kinoshita T, Bujo H. Circulating soluble LR11, a differentiation regulator for vascular cells, is increased during pregnancy and exaggerated in patients with pre-eclampsia. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:172-177. [PMID: 31299181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by onset of hypertension and proteinuria, sometimes progressing into damaging other organs. Here, we investigated the pathological significance of the soluble fragment of LR11 (sLR11), a cell differentiation regulator, in comparison to circulating IL-6 and TNF-α, in pre-eclampsia. METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-sectional research design with fourteen pre-eclampsia patients and fifty healthy pregnant subjects. Pre-eclampsia was defined as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at over 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. RESULTS Plasma levels of sLR11 as well as IL-6 in pre-eclampsia were increased compared with those in the healthy pregnant subjects at the first, the second, and the third trimester. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for the detection of pre-eclampsia among third-trimester subjects showed that the areas under the curves of sLR11 and IL-6 were equivalent. sLR11 and IL-6 correlated positively with TNF-α in healthy pregnant subjects. In the pre-eclampsia patients, there was neither a correlation between sLR11 and IL-6 nor between sLR11 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS sLR11 increases during pregnancy, with levels further exaggerated in pre-eclampsia, and may be related to the pathology of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toshihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan.
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Rajamani A, Borkowski K, Akre S, Fernandez A, Newman JW, Simon SI, Passerini AG. Oxylipins in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of dyslipidemic subjects promote endothelial inflammation following a high fat meal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8655. [PMID: 31209255 PMCID: PMC6572825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) in circulation is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. TGRL from subjects consuming a high saturated fat test meal elicited a variable inflammatory response in TNFα-stimulated endothelial cells (EC) that correlated strongly with the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. This study investigates how the relative abundance of oxygenated metabolites of PUFA, oxylipins, is altered in TGRL postprandially, and how these changes promote endothelial inflammation. Human aortic EC were stimulated with TNFα and treated with TGRL, isolated from subjects’ plasma at fasting and 3.5 hrs postprandial to a test meal high in saturated fat. Endothelial VCAM-1 surface expression stimulated by TNFα provided a readout for atherogenic inflammation. Concentrations of esterified and non-esterified fatty acids and oxylipins in TGRL were quantified by mass spectrometry. Dyslipidemic subjects produced TGRL that increased endothelial VCAM-1 expression by ≥35%, and exhibited impaired fasting lipogenesis activity and a shift in soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipoxygenase activity. Pro-atherogenic TGRL were enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid metabolites and depleted in esterified C18-PUFA-derived diols. Abundance of these metabolites was strongly predictive of VCAM-1 expression. We conclude the altered metabolism in dyslipidemic subjects produces TGRL with a unique oxylipin signature that promotes a pro-atherogenic endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rajamani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samir Akre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrea Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 430 West Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anthony G Passerini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Bahrambeigi S, Rahimi M, Yousefi B, Shafiei-Irannejad V. New potentials for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzymeA reductase inhibitors: Possible applications in retarding diabetic complications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19393-19405. [PMID: 31004363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world and it is apparent that treatment of diabetic complications has the same importance as primary diabetes treatment and glycemic control. Diabetic complications occur as a result of prolonged hyperglycemia and its consequences, such as advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species. Impairment of lipid profile is also contributed to worsening diabetic complications. Therefore, it seems that the application of lipid-lowering agents may have positive effects on reversing diabetic complications besides glycemic control. Statins, a group of lipid-lowering compounds, have been shown to exert antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties beyond their lipid-lowering effects. Furthermore, they have been reported to improve diabetic complications with different pathways. In this review, we will discuss the clinical importance, molecular biology of the most important microvascular/macrovascular diabetic complications, possible application of statins and their mechanism of action in retarding these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Bahrambeigi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahimi
- Ageing Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Ageing Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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25
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Boulet MM, Cheillan D, Di Filippo M, Buisson C, Michalski MC, Moulin P, Calzada C. Large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from fasting patients with type 2 diabetes activate platelets. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 46:54-60. [PMID: 30981822 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients present with risk factors for atherothrombosis such as fasting hypertriglyceridaemia and platelet hyperactivity. Our study objective was to determine the effect of large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) from fasting T2D patients on platelet aggregation and, if any, to identify the signaling pathway involved. METHODS Large TGRL were isolated from the plasma of 25 T2D patients by ultracentrifugation (density < 1.000 g/mL). Platelets were isolated from healthy blood donors (HBD) and suspended in buffer, then preincubated in the presence or absence of TGRL and stimulated with either collagen or thrombin. Platelet aggregation and the arachidonic acid (AA) signaling pathway were studied. RESULTS Fasting T2D large TGRL were mostly of hepatic origin (apoB100/apoB48 ratio: 42 ± 7) and rich in triglycerides (TG/total apoB ratio: 4.2 ± 0.5), and able to potentiate agonist-stimulated platelet aggregation (collagen: +68%, P < 0.05; thrombin: +771%, P < 0.05). It should also be mentioned that TGRL from the plasma of HBD (n = 7) had no effect on platelet aggregation. In addition, T2D large TGRL increased thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentration in platelets stimulated with either collagen (+34%, P < 0.05) or thrombin (+37%, P < 0.05) compared with platelets stimulated with either of these agonists without TGRL. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) was enhanced after incubation of platelets with T2D TGRL and thrombin (+87% and +32%, respectively, P < 0.05) compared with platelets incubated with thrombin only. CONCLUSION Large TGRL from fasting T2D patients may play a role in the development of atherothrombosis by increasing platelet aggregation and activating the platelet AA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Boulet
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Cheillan
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de biochimie et de biologie moléculaire Grand Est, centre de biologie et de pathologie Est, hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - M Di Filippo
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de biochimie et de biologie moléculaire Grand Est, centre de biologie et de pathologie Est, hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - C Buisson
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M-C Michalski
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Moulin
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; Fédération d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, hôpital Louis-Pradel, hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - C Calzada
- Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, IMBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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26
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Maranhão PA, de Souza MDGC, Panazzolo DG, Nogueira Neto JF, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Meal Evoke Different Microvascular Responses in Accordance with Adiposity Status. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5046508. [PMID: 30515403 PMCID: PMC6236900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5046508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequently, ingestion of lipids exceeds our daily requirements and constantly exposes humans to circulating lipid overload which may lead to endothelial dysfunction (ED), the earliest marker of atherosclerosis. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) technique can detect ED on microcirculation. Using NVC, we aimed to demonstrate if metabolic alterations evoked by high-fat meals can act differently on microvascular endothelial reactivity in lean and women with obesity. METHODS Women, aged between 19 and 40 years, were allocated to control group (CG) and with obesity group (OBG) and were subjected to blood analysis for determination of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and NVC evaluation at fasting and 30, 60, 120, and 180-min after high-fat meal ingestion. NVC technique evaluated microvascular reactivity through the following variables: red blood cell velocity (RBCV) at rest and after 1-min ischemia (maximal red blood cell velocity, RBCVmax) and time taken to reach it (TRBCVmax). A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS High-fat meal promoted a two-phase response in both groups: one until 60-min, associated with glucose and insulin levels, and the other after 120-min, associated with TG levels. Significant differences between groups were observed concerning insulin and HDL-c concentrations only at fasting and TC, TG, and LDL-c levels in all-time points. Regarding microvascular reactivity, RBCV, RBCVmax, and TRBCVmax were significantly different in OBG at 30-min compared to baseline. RBCVmax and TRBCVmax were significantly different in CG at 30-min and 60-min comparing to fasting. In all-time points, OBG presented RBCV, RBCVmax , and TRBCVmax significantly different in comparison to CG. CONCLUSION High-fat meal worsened ED on microcirculation in women with obesity and induced impairment of endothelial function in lean ones, reinforcing the association between high-fat meal and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Diogo Guarnieri Panazzolo
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - José Firmino Nogueira Neto
- Lipids Laboratory (Lablip), Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-003, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
- Obesity Unit, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
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Ono-Moore KD, Blackburn ML, Adams SH. Is palmitate truly proinflammatory? Experimental confounders and context-specificity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E780-E794. [PMID: 30016150 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00187.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Based primarily on cell culture results, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are proposed to promote inflammation and contribute to metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor activation. Studies are often complicated by a requirement for carriers (e.g., BSA) or solvents (e.g., ethanol) to increase SFA solubility. To ascertain whether these factors influence interpretations of SFA-associated inflammation activity, we measured responses of RAW264.7 monocyte/macrophages and C2C12 myotubes to various BSA, ethanol, and cyclodextrin (alternative FA carrier) conditions. Fatty acid-free, low-endotoxin BSA preparations (0.33% to 2% wt/vol) activated whereas 0.5-1.0% ethanol inhibited RAW264.7 TNFα release. Ethanol modestly increased IL-6 secretion in C2C12 myotubes. Cyclodextrins (0.3-6.0 mM) were tested as alternative carriers of palmitate, but their usefulness was limited due to toxicity and solubility issues. Using a lower-inflammation BSA source and no ethanol, ∼24-h sodium palmitate treatment (≤600 µM) failed to trigger RAW264.7 TNFα release and, in fact, significantly dampened BSA-induced inflammation by >50%. In C2C12 myotubes, only high palmitate concentrations (500-600 µM) elicited IL-6 secretion (>2.5-fold increase). Acute palmitate (200 or 500 µM) treatment did not activate MAP kinase pathways above that of fresh BSA-containing media alone in either cell type. These results highlight the importance of experimental conditions in studies exploring SFA inflammation effects. The limited (or even anti-inflammatory) effects of palmitate that we observed indicate that immunomodulatory effects of SFAs are context-specific. Thus, caution is needed when interpreting the literature related to putative proinflammatory effects of SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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28
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Ciri U, Bhui R, Bailon-Cuba J, Hayenga HN, Leonardi S. Dependence of leukocyte capture on instantaneous pulsatile flow. J Biomech 2018; 76:84-93. [PMID: 29914741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an artery disease, is currently the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women. The first step in the development of atherosclerosis involves leukocyte adhesion to the arterial endothelium. It is broadly accepted that blood flow, more specifically wall shear stress (WSS), plays an important role in leukocyte capture and subsequent development of an atherosclerotic plaque. What is less known is how instantaneous WSS, which can vary by up to 5 Pa over one cardiac cycle, influences leukocyte capture. In this paper we use direct numerical simulations (DNS), performed using an in-house code, to illustrate that leukocyte capture is different whether as a function of instantaneous or time-averaged blood flow. Specifically, a stenotic plaque is modeled using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver through fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the immersed boundary method. Pulsatile triphasic inflow is used to simulate the cardiac cycle. The CFD is coupled with an agent-based leukocyte capture model to assess the impact of instantaneous hemodynamics on stenosis growth. The computed wall shear stress agrees well with the results obtained with a commercial software, as well as with theoretical results in the healthy region of the artery. The analysis emphasizes the importance of the instantaneous flow conditions in evaluating the leukocyte rate of capture. That is, the capture rate computed from mean flow field is generally underpredicted compared to the actual rate of capture. Thus, in order to obtain a reliable estimate, the flow unsteadiness during a cardiac cycle should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Ciri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Rita Bhui
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Bailon-Cuba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Heather N Hayenga
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Shearer GC, Borkowski K, Puumala SL, Harris WS, Pedersen TL, Newman JW. Abnormal lipoprotein oxylipins in metabolic syndrome and partial correction by omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:1-10. [PMID: 29413356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is characterized by chronic inflammation which mediates the associated high risk for cardiovascular and other diseases. Oxylipins are a superclass of lipid mediators with potent bioactivities in inflammation, vascular biology, and more. While their role as locally produced agents is appreciated, most oxylipins in plasma are found in lipoproteins suggesting defective regulation of inflammation could be mediated by the elevated VLDL and low HDL levels characteristic of MetSyn. Our objective was to compare the oxylipin composition of VLDL, LDL, and HDL in 14 optimally healthy individuals and 31 MetSyn patients, and then to determine the effects of treating MetSyn subjects with 4g/day of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (P-OM3) on lipoprotein oxylipin profiles. We compared oxylipin compositions of healthy (14) and MetSyn (31) subjects followed by randomization and assignment to 4g/d P-OM3 for 16 weeks using LC/MS/MS. Compared to healthy subjects, MetSyn is characterized by abnormalities of (1) pro-inflammatory, arachidonate-derived oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway in HDL; and (2) oxylipins mostly not derived from arachidonate in VLDL. P-OM3 treatment corrected many components of these abnormalities, reducing the burden of inflammatory mediators within peripherally circulating lipoproteins that could interfere with, or enhance, local effectors of inflammatory stress. We conclude that MetSyn is associated with a disruption of lipoprotein oxylipin patterns consistent with greater inflammatory stress, and the partial correction of these dysoxylipinemias by treatment with omega-3 fatty acids could explain some of their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Shearer
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Park, PA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William S Harris
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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30
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Lawler PR, Akinkuolie AO, Harada P, Glynn RJ, Chasman DI, Ridker PM, Mora S. Residual Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events in Relation to Reductions in Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007402. [PMID: 29223956 PMCID: PMC5779048 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background It is uncertain whether pharmacological reductions in very‐low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and their component triglyceride and cholesterol could reduce residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events among individuals in whom low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) has been adequately lowered. We examined whether individuals with greater on‐statin reductions in VLDL‐related measures—beyond reductions in LDL‐C—were at further reduced risk of ASCVD. Methods and Results In 9423 participants in the JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention) trial (NCT00239681), at baseline and on statin we measured standard lipids, 400‐MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐measured VLDL particle subclasses (small, medium, and large VLDL lipoprotein particle concentration), and total VLDL cholesterol mass. Compared with individuals allocated to placebo, we examined risk of incident ASCVD (N=211) among statin‐allocated participants who achieved minimal (<median) or greater (≥median) marker reductions using adjusted Cox models. On‐statin changes in VLDL‐related markers were only modestly correlated (Spearman r≤0.29) with change in LDL‐C. On‐statin median LDL‐C was 54 mg/dL and triglyceride was 101 mg/dL. Dose‐response reductions in ASCVD risk were observed for greater reductions in LDL‐C, VLDL cholesterol mass, and small VLDL lipoprotein particle concentration; the latter 2 remained significant after incremental adjustment for change in LDL‐C (P≤0.006). Conversely, there was no further risk reduction with greater reductions in triglycerides or large/medium VLDL lipoprotein particle concentration. Conclusions Pharmacological reduction in small, cholesterol‐enriched, triglyceride‐depleted VLDL was associated with reduction in ASCVD risk. Chemically measured triglycerides may not sufficiently capture risk related to VLDL pathways. These findings also support broader profiling of lipid and lipoprotein changes in response to statins as prognostic markers of individual benefit, supporting more precision‐medicine, individualized approaches to cardiovascular risk reduction. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Akintunde O Akinkuolie
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paulo Harada
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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31
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Tsujita M, Goto N, Futamura K, Okada M, Hiramitsu T, Narumi S, Watarai Y. Triglyceride metabolism in Japanese kidney transplant recipients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 22:459-464. [PMID: 28849320 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual cardiovascular risk factors, such as triglyceride (TG), can cause cardiovascular disease. The role of TG metabolism in kidney transplantation remains unclear. METHODS Sixty-three consecutive stable recipients at 1 year after their kidney transplants were included in the study from January to September 2014 at Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital. We performed the cookie test to evaluate TG metabolism. TG, blood sugar, and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured at fasting (f) and 2 and 4 h after ingestion. Low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) and apoB levels were measured at fasting. RESULTS Mean TGf and RLP-Cf were 139.4 ± 62.6 and 5.6 ± 3.4 mg/dl, respectively, and were within normal ranges; however, both mean TG 2 and 4 h were >200 mg/dl, and both mean RLP-C 2 and 4 h were >9 mg/dl. A negative correlation was seen between TGf and eGFR (r = -0.48, p < 0.001). TGf positively correlated with RLP-C, non-HDL-C, LDL-C/apoB ratio, and body mass index (r = 0.80, p < 0.001; r = 0.47, p < 0.001; r = 0.48, p < 0.001; and r = 0.38, p = 0.002, respectively). LDL-C levels were controlled because of the use of statin, but LDL-C/apoB ratio levels in 50% of the recipients were <1.2, indicating that the rate of small dense LDL-C in LDL-C had increased. CONCLUSION The prevalence of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia among kidney transplant recipients was high; however, the question of whether or not it should be treated remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsujita
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Goto
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Kenta Futamura
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Manabu Okada
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hiramitsu
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Syunji Narumi
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watarai
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8650, Japan
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Atherosusceptible Shear Stress Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote Endothelial Inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8196. [PMID: 28811527 PMCID: PMC5557756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis impacts arteries where disturbed blood flow renders the endothelium susceptible to inflammation. Cytokine activation of endothelial cells (EC) upregulates VCAM-1 receptors that target monocyte recruitment to atherosusceptible regions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elicits EC dysregulation in metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that ER plays a central role in mechanosensing of atherosusceptible shear stress (SS) by signaling enhanced inflammation. Aortic EC were stimulated with low-dose TNFα (0.3 ng/ml) in a microfluidic channel that produced a linear SS gradient over a 20mm field ranging from 0-16 dynes/cm2. High-resolution imaging of immunofluorescence along the monolayer provided a continuous spatial metric of EC orientation, markers of ER stress, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte recruitment. VCAM-1 peaked at 2 dynes/cm2 and decreased to below static TNFα-stimulated levels at atheroprotective-SS of 12 dynes/cm2, whereas ICAM-1 rose to a maximum in parallel with SS. ER expansion and activation of the unfolded protein response also peaked at 2 dynes/cm2, where IRF-1-regulated VCAM-1 expression and monocyte recruitment also rose to a maximum. Silencing of PECAM-1 or key ER stress genes abrogated SS regulation of VCAM-1 transcription and monocyte recruitment. We report a novel role for ER stress in mechanoregulation at arterial regions of atherosusceptible-SS inflamed by low-dose TNFα.
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33
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, López-Mejías R, Alonso-Castro S, Abal F, Ballina-García FJ, González-Gay MÁ, Suárez A. High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: A potential link among inflammation, oxidative status, and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1043-1054.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vongpromek R, Bos S, Ten Kate GJR, Bujo H, Jiang M, Nieman K, Schneider W, Roeters van Lennep JE, Verhoeven AJM, Sijbrands EJG, Mulder MT. Soluble LR11 associates with aortic root calcification in asymptomatic treated male patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2017. [PMID: 28637586 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite statin treatment, a high prevalence of severe vascular calcification is found in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We assessed the relation between the circulating soluble form of low-density lipoprotein receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and vascular calcification in asymptomatic statin-treated heterozygous FH patients. METHODS In 123 asymptomatic heterozygous FH patients (age 40-69 years), aortic root (ARC), aortic valve (AVC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were determined with CT-based calcium scoring expressed in Agatston units. Plasma sLR11 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Seventy-three patients displayed ARC, 48 had AVC and 96 CAC. Plasma sLR11 levels were positively correlated with the presence of ARC (r = 0.2, p = 0.03), but not with AVC or CAC. The correlation between sLR11 levels and ARC was restricted to male FH patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic analyses showed that the association of plasma sLR11 with the presence of ARC was independent of other determinants (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 2.01 (95% CI = 1.28-3.16) p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Plasma sLR11 is associated with ARC in male FH patients and may be mechanistically involved in the differential distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranitha Vongpromek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan R Ten Kate
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Koen Nieman
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Bleda S, De Haro J, Acin F. Nuclear factor-kappa B role in NLRP1 inflammasome activation by triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol in endothelial cells. Int J Cardiol 2017; 234:104. [PMID: 28062140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bleda
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquin De Haro
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Acin
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Yang PF, Song XY, Zeng T, Ai QD, Liu DD, Zuo W, Zhang S, Xia CY, He X, Chen NH. IMM-H004, a coumarin derivative, attenuated brain ischemia/reperfusion injuries and subsequent inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats through inhibition of VCAM-1. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of IMM-H004 in treating brain I/R injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats and showed that IMM-H004 could efficiently ameliorate neurological defects and infarct volume in a time and dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xiu-Yun Song
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha
- China
| | - Qi-Di Ai
- College of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
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Helkin A, Stein JJ, Lin S, Siddiqui S, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Dyslipidemia Part 1--Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 50:107-18. [PMID: 26983667 DOI: 10.1177/1538574416628654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, more specifically, high-serum low-density lipoproteins and low-serum high-density lipoproteins, are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The current clinical treatment of dyslipidemia represents the outcome of a large body of fundamental basic science research on lipids, lipid metabolism, and the effects of different lipids on cellular components of the artery, inflammatory cells, and platelets. In general, lower density lipids activate intracellular pathways to increase local and systemic inflammation, monocyte adhesion, endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, resulting in foam cell formation and genesis of atherosclerotic plaque. In contrast, higher density lipids prevent or attenuate atherosclerosis. This article is part 1 of a 2-part review, with part 1 focusing on lipid metabolism and the downstream effects of lipids on the development of atherosclerosis, and part 2 on the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia and the role of these drugs for patients with arterial disease exclusive of the coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Helkin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffery J Stein
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Lin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sufyan Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher G Maier
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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38
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Schmidt V, Subkhangulova A, Willnow TE. Sorting receptor SORLA: cellular mechanisms and implications for disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1475-1483. [PMID: 27832290 PMCID: PMC5357279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) is an intracellular sorting receptor that directs cargo proteins, such as kinases, phosphatases, and signaling receptors, to their correct location within the cell. The activity of SORLA assures proper function of cells and tissues, and receptor dysfunction is the underlying cause of common human malignancies, including Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern sorting of SORLA and its cargo in multiple cell types, and why genetic defects in this receptor results in devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aygul Subkhangulova
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Levels of the soluble LDL receptor-relative LR11 decrease in overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes upon diet-induced weight loss. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Jiang L, Konishi H, Nurwidya F, Satoh K, Takahashi F, Ebinuma H, Fujimura K, Takasu K, Jiang M, Shimokawa H, Bujo H, Daida H. Deletion of LR11 Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation With Medial Thickening in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1972-9. [PMID: 27493099 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether LR11 (low-density lipoprotein receptor with 11 binding repeats) is a potential key regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation during the progression of hypoxia-induced medial thickening in mice and whether sLR11 (soluble LR11) can serve as a biomarker in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. APPROACH AND RESULTS The role of LR11 in pulmonary arterial hypertension was investigated using mouse and cell models of induced hypoxia. The expression of LR11 and of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was significantly increased in lung tissues from C57Bl/6 mice after 3 weeks of exposure to hypoxia compared with normoxia. Serum sLR11 levels were also increased. Physiological and histochemical analyses showed that increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and medial thickening induced under hypoxia in wild-type mice were attenuated in LR11(-/-) mice. The proliferation rates stimulated by hypoxia or platelet-derived growth factor-BB were attenuated in SMC derived from LR11(-/-) mice, compared with those from wild-type mice. Exogenous sLR11 protein increased the proliferation rates of SMC from wild-type mice. The expression of LR11 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was increased in cultured SMC under hypoxic conditions, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α knockdown almost abolished the induction of LR11. Serum sLR11 levels were significantly higher in patients with, rather than without, pulmonary arterial hypertension. sLR11 levels positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. CONCLUSIONS LR11 regulated SMC proliferation during the progression of hypoxia-induced medial thickening in mice. The findings obtained from mice, together with those in humans, indicate that sLR11 could serve as a novel biomarker that reflects the pathophysiology of proliferating medial SMC in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Jiang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Hakuoh Konishi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.).
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Kengo Fujimura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Kiyoshi Takasu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Meizi Jiang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (L.J., H.K., K.T., H.D.); Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (F.N., F.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (K.S., H.S.); Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan (H.E., K.F.); and Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan (M.J., H.B.)
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Zhang MY, Li YH, Wei XH, Ouyang F, Liu L. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins induce adipogenic differentiation through an apolipoprotein E/LRP1/caveolae-dependent pathway: A hypothesis for diet-induced obesity. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:82-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Latham Birt SH, Purcell R, Botham KM, Wheeler-Jones CPD. Endothelial HO-1 induction by model TG-rich lipoproteins is regulated through a NOX4-Nrf2 pathway. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1204-18. [PMID: 27185859 PMCID: PMC4918850 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of chylomicron remnants (CMRs) increase postprandially and their composition directly reflects dietary lipid intake. These TG-rich lipoproteins likely contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, albeit via unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated how the FA composition of CMRs influences their actions on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by comparing the effects of model CMRs-artificial TG-rich CMR-like particles (A-CRLPs)-containing TGs extracted from fish, DHA-rich algal, corn, or palm oils. HAECs responded with distinct transcriptional programs according to A-CRLP TG content and oxidation status, with genes involved in antioxidant defense and cytoprotection most prominently affected by n-3 PUFA-containing A-CRLPs. These particles were significantly more efficacious inducers of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) than n-6 PUFA corn or saturated FA-rich palm CRLPs. Mechanistically, HO-1 induction by all CRLPs requires NADPH oxidase 4, with PUFA-containing particles additionally dependent upon mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Activation of both p38 MAPK and PPARβ/δ culminates in increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression/nuclear translocation and HO-1 induction. These studies define new molecular pathways coupling endothelial cell activation by model CMRs with adaptive regulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and may represent key mechanisms through which dietary FAs differentially impact progression of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally H Latham Birt
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Purcell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
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Sun C, Simon SI, Foster GA, Radecke CE, Hwang HV, Zhang X, Hammock BD, Chiamvimonvat N, Knowlton AA. 11,12-Epoxyecosatrienoic acids mitigate endothelial dysfunction associated with estrogen loss and aging: Role of membrane depolarization. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:180-188. [PMID: 27079253 PMCID: PMC4972711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction, including upregulation of inflammatory adhesion molecules and impaired vasodilatation, is a key element in cardiovascular disease. Aging and estrogen withdrawal in women are associated with endothelial inflammation, vascular stiffness and increased cardiovascular disease. Epoxyecosatrienoic acids (EETs), the products of arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J, 2C and other isoforms, are regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-catalyzed conversion into less active diols. We hypothesized that 11,12-EETs would reduce the endothelial dysfunction associated with aging and estrogen loss. APPROACH/RESULTS When stabilized by an sEH inhibitor (seHi), 11,12-EET at a physiologically low dose (0.1nM) reduced cytokine-stimulated upregulation of adhesion molecules on human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC) and monocyte adhesion under shear flow through marked depolarization of the HAEC when combined with TNFα. Mechanistically, neither 11,12-EETs nor 17β-estradiol (E2) at physiologic concentrations prevented activation of NFκB by TNFα. E2 at physiological concentrations reduced sEH expression in HAEC, but did not alter CYP expression, and when combined with TNFα depolarized the cell. We also examined vascular dysfunction in adult and aged ovariectomized Norway brown rats (with and without E2 replacement) using an ex-vivo model to analyze endothelial function in an intact segment of artery. sEHi and 11,12-EET with or without E2 attenuated phenylephrine induced constriction and increased endothelial-dependent dilation of aortic rings from ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSIONS Increasing 11,12-EETs through sEH inhibition effectively attenuates inflammation and may provide an effective strategy to preserve endothelial function and prevent atherosclerotic heart disease in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiu Sun
- The Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, United States; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Greg A Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher E Radecke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - HyunTae V Hwang
- The Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, United States; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - N Chiamvimonvat
- The Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, United States; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- The Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, United States; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Bodo MJ, Jimenez EY, Conn C, Dye A, Pomo P, Kolkmeyer D, Orlando R, Kong AS. Association between circulating CCL2 levels and modifiable behaviors in overweight and obese adolescents: a cross-sectional pilot study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:441-9. [PMID: 26673018 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the relationship between an early inflammatory biomarker, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and other clinical biomarkers and lifestyle behaviors, in overweight/obese adolescents at high risk of developing cardiometabolic derangements. METHODS We collected anthropometric measurements, clinical biomarkers, and three 24-h dietary recalls from 21 vocational high school students (91% male), 14-19 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships. RESULTS Mean BMI was 33.2 kg/m2 (range 25.7-45.6) and 38% were prediabetic by fasting glucose. Mean CCL2 was 512.9 pg/mL (range 220-917) and positively correlated with triglycerides (r=0.45; p=0.04) and TNF-α (r=0.57; p=0.007) and marginally negatively correlated with fruit/vegetable intake (r=-0.42, p=0.06) and omega-3 fatty acids (r=-0.41, p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS CCL2 was positively associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers and negatively associated with some anti-inflammatory dietary factors.
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45
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Postprandial lipids accelerate and redirect nitric oxide consumption in plasma. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:70-81. [PMID: 27021272 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and O2 are both three-to four-fold more soluble in biological lipids than in aqueous solutions. Their higher concentration within plasma lipids accelerates NO autoxidation to an extent that may be of importance to overall NO bioactivity. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that increased plasma lipids after a high-fat meal appreciably accelerate NO metabolism and alter the byproducts formed. We found that plasma collected from subjects after consumption of a single high-fat meal had a higher capacity for NO consumption and consumed NO more rapidly compared to fasting plasma. This increased NO consumption showed a direct correlation with plasma triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.006). The accelerated NO consumption in postprandial plasma was reversed by removal of the lipids from the plasma, was mimicked by the addition of hydrophobic micelles to aqueous buffer, and could not be explained by the presence of either free hemoglobin or ceruloplasmin. The products of NO consumption were shifted in postprandial plasma, with 55% more nitrite (n = 12, p = 0.002) but 50% less SNO (n = 12, p = 0.03) production compared to matched fasted plasma. Modeling calculations indicated that NO autoxidation was accelerated by about 48-fold in the presence of plasma lipids. We conclude that postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins exert a significant influence on NO metabolism in plasma.
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Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Shahar S, Ng CK, Mun CY. Factors Affecting Hypertension among the Malaysian Elderly. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:E8. [PMID: 29367559 PMCID: PMC5715699 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effects of age, ethnicity, gender, education, marital status, nutritional parameters, and blood elements on the risk of high blood pressure in the Malaysian elderly. This research was conducted on a group of 2322 non-institutionalized Malaysian elderly. The hierarchy binary logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of hypertension in respondents. Approximately, 45.61% of subjects had hypertension. The findings indicated that the female gender (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.54), an increase in body weight (OR = 1.61), and an increase in the blood levels of albumin (OR = 1.51), glucose (OR = 1.92), and triglycerides (OR = 1.27) significantly increased the risk of hypertension in subjects (p < 0.05). Conversely, an increase in both dietary carbohydrates (OR = 0.74), and blood cholesterol level (OR = 0.42) significantly reduced the risk of hypertension in samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that ethnicity was a non-relevant factor to increase the risk of hypertension in subjects. It was concluded that female gender, an increase in body weight, and an increase in the blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and albumin enhanced the risk of high blood pressure in the Malaysian elderly. In addition, an increase in both dietary carbohydrates and blood cholesterol level decreased hypertension in subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ataollahi Eshkoor
- Malaysian Research on Aging (MyAging), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713834, Iran.
| | - Tengku Aizan Hamid
- Malaysian Research on Aging (MyAging), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Kyun Ng
- Malaysian Research on Aging (MyAging), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Chan Yoke Mun
- Malaysian Research on Aging (MyAging), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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Schmidt V, Willnow TE. Protein sorting gone wrong – VPS10P domain receptors in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Association of demographic, lifestyle factors and serum biomarkers with hypertension in elderly Chinese people. AGEING & SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x15001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHypertension is a major cause of premature death in China. Understanding risk factors including behavioural and predisposing factors may help to prevent development of hypertension and control the extent of premature mortality. In this case-control design conducted in Hunan province, 416 hypertensive subjects were matched with an equal number of normotensive persons from nearly 9,000 volunteers. A self-report questionnaire was employed to collect demographic and lifestyle information, and fasting serum biomarkers related to lipid profile, renal function, glucose level and uric acid were assessed. When age and sex were stratified, serum biomarkers such as blood urea nitrogen and triglycerides showed a significant difference for hypertension, while lifestyle behaviours including university degree, alcohol use, Body Mass Index and psychological stress (job and married life) were also associated with hypertension. After adjusting for covariate confounding factors, only elevated triglyceride levels were strongly linked to high blood pressure, odds ratio = 1.55, 95 per cent confidence level = 1.16–2.06. To control high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia should be included in hypertension treatment and followed up to assess the substantial risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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49
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Eiselein L, Nyunt T, Lamé MW, Ng KF, Wilson DW, Rutledge JC, Aung HH. TGRL Lipolysis Products Induce Stress Protein ATF3 via the TGF-β Receptor Pathway in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145523. [PMID: 26709509 PMCID: PMC4699200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested a link between the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling cascade and the stress-inducible activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). We have demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) lipolysis products activate MAP kinase stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathways resulting in up-regulation of ATF3, pro-inflammatory genes and induction of apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate increased release of active TGF-β at 15 min, phosphorylation of Smad2 and translocation of co-Smad4 from cytosol to nucleus after a 1.5 h treatment with lipolysis products. Activation and translocation of Smad2 and 4 was blocked by addition of SB431542 (10 μM), a specific inhibitor of TGF-β-activin receptor ALKs 4, 5, 7. Both ALK receptor inhibition and anti TGF-β1 antibody prevented lipolysis product induced up-regulation of ATF3 mRNA and protein. ALK inhibition prevented lipolysis product-induced nuclear accumulation of ATF3. ALKs 4, 5, 7 inhibition also prevented phosphorylation of c-Jun and TGRL lipolysis product-induced p53 and caspase-3 protein expression. These findings demonstrate that TGRL lipolysis products cause release of active TGF-β and lipolysis product-induced apoptosis is dependent on TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, signaling through the stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathway is dependent on TGF-β signaling suggesting that TGF-β signaling is necessary for nuclear accumulation of the ATF3/cJun transcription complex and induction of pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Eiselein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Tun Nyunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Lamé
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Kit F. Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Dennis W. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - John C. Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Hnin H. Aung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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LR11/SorLA links triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to risk of developing cardiovascular disease in FH patients. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:429-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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