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Arabzadeh E, Karimi Nazar N, Gholami M, Roshani Koosha MS, Zargani M. The effect of eight weeks combined training with omega-3 supplementation on the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in older women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:151-157. [PMID: 38777428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, the regulatory roles of physical activity and omega-3 supplementation in these factors have been reported. The primary aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of an eight-week combined (resistance-endurance) accompanied by omega-3 supplementation on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels in elderly women. METHODS Forty elderly women, averaging 66.7 ± 4.13 years, were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, omega-3 supplement, training, and training + omega-3. The combined exercise training program was implemented for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Aerobic training included 20 min of running at 60-70% of the reserve heart rate, while resistance training involved exercises at 70% of 1RM with 10 repetitions per exercise for two sets. The omega-3 and training + omega-3 groups consumed 2000 mg of omega-3 daily. Blood samples were collected 48 h after the last combined exercise training or omega-3 consumption, and the measured variables were analyzed using analysis of covariance test and SPSS-24 software. RESULTS ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels significantly decreased in the training and training + omega-3 groups (p < 0.001). The decrease in ICAM-1 within the training + omega-3 group was also significant compared to the training group (p = 0.024). Additionally, a significant reduction in insulin resistance and body fat percentage was observed in both the training and training + omega-3 groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study's results indicate that omega-3 supplementation can enhance the effectiveness of combined training in regulating cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Karimi Nazar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sadra Roshani Koosha
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zargani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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2
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Shah PW, Reinberger T, Hashmi S, Aherrahrou Z, Erdmann J. MRAS in coronary artery disease-Unchartered territory. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:300-312. [PMID: 38251784 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility locus on chromosome 3q22.3. This locus contains a cluster of several genes that includes muscle rat sarcoma virus (MRAS). Common MRAS variants are also associated with CAD causing risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and type II diabetes. The MRAS gene is an oncogene that encodes a membrane-bound small GTPase. It is involved in a variety of signaling pathways, regulating cell differentiation and cell survival (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) as well as acute phase response signaling (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and interleukin 6 [IL6] signaling). In this review, we will summarize the role of genetic MRAS variants in the etiology of CAD and its comorbidities with the focus on tissue distribution of MRAS isoforms, cell type/tissue specificity, and mode of action of single nucleotide variants in MRAS associated complex traits. Finally, we postulate that CAD risk variants in the MRAS locus are specific to smooth muscle cells and lead to higher levels of MRAS, particularly in arterial and cardiac tissue, resulting in MAPK-dependent tissue hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashmina Wiqar Shah
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Luxen M, Zwiers PJ, Jongman RM, Moser J, Pultar M, Skalicky S, Diendorfer AB, Hackl M, van Meurs M, Molema G. Sepsis induces heterogeneous transcription of coagulation- and inflammation-associated genes in renal microvasculature. Thromb Res 2024; 237:112-128. [PMID: 38579513 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis patients increases patient mortality. Endothelial cells are important players in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI), yet knowledge regarding their spatiotemporal involvement in coagulation disbalance and leukocyte recruitment is lacking. This study investigated the identity and kinetics of responses of different microvascular compartments in kidney cortex in response to SA-AKI. METHODS Laser microdissected arterioles, glomeruli, peritubular capillaries, and postcapillary venules from kidneys of mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Differential expression and pathway enrichment analyses identified genes involved in coagulation and inflammation. A selection of these genes was evaluated by RT-qPCR in microvascular compartments of renal biopsies from patients with SA-AKI. The role of two identified genes in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial coagulation and inflammatory activation were determined in vitro in HUVEC using siRNA-based gene silencing. RESULTS CLP-sepsis in mice induced altered expression of approximately 400 genes in the renal microvasculature, with microvascular compartments exhibiting unique spatiotemporal responses. In mice, changes in gene expression related to coagulation and inflammation were most extensive in glomeruli at early and intermediate time points, with high induction of Plat, Serpine1, Thbd, Icam1, Stat3, and Ifitm3. In human SA-AKI, PROCR and STAT3 were induced in postcapillary venules, while SERPINE1 expression was diminished. IFITM3 was increased in arterioles and glomeruli. In vitro studies revealed that STAT3 and IFITM3 partly control endothelial coagulation and inflammatory activation. CONCLUSION Renal microvascular compartments in mice and humans exhibited heterogeneous changes in coagulation- and inflammation-related gene expression in response to SA-AKI. Additional research should aim at understanding the functional consequences of the here described heterogeneous microvascular responses to establish the usefulness of identified genes as therapeutic targets in SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Luxen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Zwiers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Jongman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Park B, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Dennis F, Quan A, Rotstein OD, Butler J, Hess DA, Verma S. GLP-1 receptor agonists and atherosclerosis protection: the vascular endothelium takes center stage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1159-H1176. [PMID: 38426865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00574.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a chronic condition that often copresents with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin mimetics endorsed by major professional societies for improving glycemic status and reducing atherosclerotic risk in people living with type 2 diabetes. Although the cardioprotective efficacy of GLP-1RAs and their relationship with traditional risk factors are well established, there is a paucity of publications that have summarized the potentially direct mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs mitigate atherosclerosis. This review aims to narrow this gap by providing comprehensive and in-depth mechanistic insight into the antiatherosclerotic properties of GLP-1RAs demonstrated across large outcome trials. Herein, we describe the landmark cardiovascular outcome trials that triggered widespread excitement around GLP-1RAs as a modern class of cardioprotective agents, followed by a summary of the origins of GLP-1RAs and their mechanisms of action. The effects of GLP-1RAs at each major pathophysiological milestone of atherosclerosis, as observed across clinical trials, animal models, and cell culture studies, are described in detail. Specifically, this review provides recent preclinical and clinical evidence that suggest GLP-1RAs preserve vessel health in part by preventing endothelial dysfunction, achieved primarily through the promotion of angiogenesis and inhibition of oxidative stress. These protective effects are in addition to the broad range of atherosclerotic processes GLP-1RAs target downstream of endothelial dysfunction, which include systemic inflammation, monocyte recruitment, proinflammatory macrophage and foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Park
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fallon Dennis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yuan L, Fan L, Zhang Z, Huang X, Liu Q, Zhang Z. Procyanidin B2 alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cell injury, inflammation, monocyte chemotaxis, and oxidative stress by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:231. [PMID: 38679696 PMCID: PMC11057093 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can initiate and affect almost all atherosclerotic events including endothelial dysfunction. In this text, the role and underlying molecular basis of procyanidin B2 (PCB2) with potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury were examined. METHODS HUVECs were treated with ox-LDL in the presence or absence of PCB2. Cell viability and apoptotic rate were examined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of genes were tested by RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. Potential downstream targets and pathways of apple procyanidin oligomers were examined by bioinformatics analysis for the GSE9647 dataset. The effect of PCB2 on THP-1 cell migration was examined by recruitment assay. The effect of PCB2 on oxidative stress was assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS ox-LDL reduced cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, and facilitated the expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) in HUVECs. PCB2 alleviated ox-LDL-induced cell injury in HUVECs. Apple procyanidin oligomers triggered the differential expression of 592 genes in HUVECs (|log2fold-change| > 0.58 and adjusted p-value < 0.05). These dysregulated genes might be implicated in apoptosis, endothelial cell proliferation, inflammation, and monocyte chemotaxis. PCB2 inhibited C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1/8 (CXCL1/8) expression and THP-1 cell recruitment in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. PCB2 inhibited ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in HUVECs. CONCLUSION PCB2 weakened ox-LDL-induced cell injury, inflammation, monocyte recruitment, and oxidative stress by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Qingle Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450063, China.
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Pande S, Vary C, Yang X, Liaw L, Gower L, Friesel R, Prudovsky I, Ryzhov S. Endothelial IL17RD promotes Western diet-induced aortic myeloid cell infiltration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 701:149552. [PMID: 38335918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Interleukin-17 (IL17) family is a group of cytokines implicated in the etiology of several inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor) belonging to the family of IL17 receptors, has been shown to modulate IL17A-associated inflammatory phenotypes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL17RD promotes endothelial cell activation and consequent leukocyte adhesion. We utilized primary human aortic endothelial cells and demonstrated that RNAi targeting of IL17RD suppressed transcript levels by 83 % compared to non-targeted controls. Further, RNAi knockdown of IL17RD decreased the adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells onto a monolayer of aortic endothelial cells in response to IL17A. Additionally, we determined that IL17A did not significantly enhance the activation of canonical MAPK and NFκB pathways in endothelial cells, and further did not significantly affect the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in aortic endothelial cells, which is contrary to previous findings. We also determined the functional relevance of our findings in vivo by comparing the expression of endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and leukocyte infiltration in the aorta in Western diet-fed Il17rd null versus wild-type mice. Our results showed that although Il17rd null mice do not have significant alteration in aortic expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, they exhibit decreased accumulation of proinflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting that endothelial IL17RD induced in vivo myeloid cell accumulation is not dependent on upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. We further performed proteomics analysis to identify potential molecular mediators of the IL17A/IL17RD signaling axis. Collectively, our results underscore a critical role for Il17rd in the regulation of aortic myeloid cell infiltration in the context of Western diet feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Pande
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Lindsey Gower
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
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Obare LM, Priest S, Ismael A, Mashayekhi M, Zhang X, Stolze LK, Sheng Q, Vue Z, Neikirk K, Beasley H, Gabriel C, Temu T, Gianella S, Mallal S, Koethe JR, Hinton A, Bailin S, Wanjalla CN. Cytokine and Chemokine Receptor Profiles in Adipose Tissue Vasculature Unravel Endothelial Cell Responses in HIV. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.10.584280. [PMID: 38559150 PMCID: PMC10979923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.10.584280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to a substantially elevated risk of myocardial infarction in people living with HIV (PLWH). Endothelial cell dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis regulation, increasing the risk of vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to study the effects of plasma from PLWH on endothelial cell (EC) function, with the hypothesis that cytokines and chemokines are major drivers of EC activation. We first broadly phenotyped chemokine and cytokine receptor expression on arterial ECs, capillary ECs, venous ECs, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in adipose tissue in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 59 PLWH using single cell transcriptomic analysis. We used CellChat to predict cell-cell interactions between ECs and other cells in the adipose tissue and Spearman correlation to measure the association between ECs and plasma cytokines. Finally, we cultured human arterial ECs (HAECs) in plasma-conditioned media from PLWH and performed bulk sequencing to study the direct effects ex-vivo. We observed that arterial and capillary ECs expressed higher interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors. Venous ECs had more interleukin (IL)-1R1 and ACKR1 receptors, and VSMCs had high significant IL-6R expression. CellChat predicted ligand-receptor interactions between adipose tissue immune cells as senders and capillary ECs as recipients in TNF-TNFRSF1A/B interactions. Chemokines expressed largely by capillary ECs were predicted to bind ACKR1 receptors on venous ECs. Beyond the adipose tissue, the proportion of venous ECs and VSMCs were positively plasma IL-6. In ex-vivo experiments, HAECs cultured with plasma-conditioned media from PLWH expressed transcripts that enriched for the TNF-α and reactive oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In conclusion, ECs demonstrate heterogeneity in cytokine and chemokine receptor expression. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of cytokines and chemokines in EC dysfunction and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Priest
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anas Ismael
- Department of Radiology, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lindsey K. Stolze
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Curtis Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tecla Temu
- Division of Pathology, Harvard Medical College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Liuizė (Abramavičiūtė) A, Mongirdienė A. TGF-β Isoforms and GDF-15 in the Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2104. [PMID: 38396781 PMCID: PMC10889676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxidised lipoproteins on the endothelium, monocytes, platelets, and macrophages is a key factor in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Antioxidant action, lipoprotein metabolism, and chronic inflammation are the fields of research interest for better understanding the development of the disease. All the fields are related to inflammation and hence to the secretion of cytokines, which are being investigated as potential diagnostic markers for the onset of atherosclerosis. Pathways of vascular damage are crucial for the development of new laboratory readouts. The very early detection of endothelial cell damage associated with the onset of atherosclerosis, allowing the initiation of therapy, remains a major research goal. This article summarises the latest results on the relationship of tumour growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: which cells involved in atherosclerosis produce them, which effectors stimulate their synthesis and secretion, how they influence atherosclerosis development, and the relationship between the levels of TGF-β and GDF-15 in the blood and the development and extent of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Iyoda T, Ohishi A, Wang Y, Yokoyama MS, Kazama M, Okita N, Inouye S, Nakagawa Y, Shimano H, Fukai F. Bioactive TNIIIA2 Sequence in Tenascin-C Is Responsible for Macrophage Foam Cell Transformation; Potential of FNIII14 Peptide Derived from Fibronectin in Suppression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1825. [PMID: 38339104 PMCID: PMC10855454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin-C (TN-C), is known to be upregulated in age-related inflammatory diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Expression of this molecule is frequently detected, especially in the macrophage-rich areas of atherosclerotic lesions; however, the role of TN-C in mechanisms underlying the progression of atherosclerosis remains obscure. Previously, we found a hidden bioactive sequence termed TNIIIA2 in the TN-C molecule and reported that the exposure of this sequence would be carried out through limited digestion of TN-C by inflammatory proteases. Thus, we hypothesized that some pro-atherosclerotic phenotypes might be elicited from macrophages when they were stimulated by TNIIIA2. In this study, TNIIIA2 showed the ability to accelerate intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages. In this experimental condition, an elevation of phagocytic activity was observed, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of transporters responsible for lipid efflux. All these observations were mediated through the induction of excessive β1-integrin activation, which is a characteristic property of the TNIIIA2 sequence. Finally, we demonstrated that the injection of a drug that targets TNIIIA2's bioactivity could rescue mice from atherosclerotic plaque expansion. From these observations, it was shown that TN-C works as a pro-atherosclerotic molecule through an internal TNIIIA2 sequence. The possible advantages of clinical strategies targeting TNIIIA2 are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asayo Ohishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yunong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miyabi-Shara Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mika Kazama
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Sachiye Inouye
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Complex Biosystem Research, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. The pathophysiological role of circulating adhesion molecules in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:157-169. [PMID: 38150848 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests an association between schizophrenia and atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cell adhesion molecules, critically involved in early atherosclerosis, in schizophrenia. METHODS We searched electronic databases from inception to 11 November 2023 for case-control studies assessing vascular cell, VCAM-1, intercellular, ICAM-1, platelet endothelial cell, PECAM-1, neural cell, NCAM, and Down syndrome cell, DSCAM, adhesion molecules, selectins (E-, L-, and P-selectin), integrins, and cadherins in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the JBI checklist and GRADE, respectively. RESULTS In 19 eligible studies, there were non-significant between-group differences in the concentrations of cell adhesion molecules, barring higher P-selectin in patients with schizophrenia (standard mean difference, SMD = 2.05, 95 % CI 0.72 to 3.38, p = 0.003; I2 = 97.2 %, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence). Limited or no information was available regarding PECAM-1, DSCAM, ESAM, integrins, and cadherins. In meta-regression and subgroup analysis, there were significant associations between the SMD of ICAM-1 and matrix used (plasma or serum) and pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, and between the SMD of VCAM-1 and pharmacological treatment, but not with other study and patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis do not support a significant role of immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules, selectins, integrins, or cadherins in mediating the associations between schizophrenia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Further studies are warranted to investigate these associations in patients with different cardiovascular risk and the effects of antipsychotic treatments on cell adhesion molecules and surrogate markers of atherosclerosis (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023463916).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
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11
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Janubová M, Žitňanová I. The effects of vitamin D on different types of cells. Steroids 2024; 202:109350. [PMID: 38096964 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is neccessary for regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bones, affects imunity, the cardiovascular system, muscles, skin, epithelium, extracellular matrix, the central nervous system, and plays arole in prevention of aging-associated diseases. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all types of cells and its activation leads to modulation of different signaling pathways. In this review, we have analysed the current knowledge of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 effects on metabolism of cells important for the function of the cardiovascular system (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells and pericytes), tissue healing (fibroblasts), epithelium (various types of epithelial cells) and the central nervous system (neurons, astrocytes and microglia). The goal of this review was to compare the effects of vitamin D on the above mentioned cells in in vitro conditions and to summarize what is known in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Janubová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ingrid Žitňanová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Nguyen DV, Jin Y, Nguyen TLL, Kim L, Heo KS. 3'-Sialyllactose protects against LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting superoxide-mediated ERK1/2/STAT1 activation and HMGB1/RAGE axis. Life Sci 2024; 338:122410. [PMID: 38191050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial hyperpermeability is an early stage of endothelial dysfunction associated with the progression and development of atherosclerosis. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) is the most abundant compound in human milk oligosaccharides, and it has the potential to regulate endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the beneficial effects of 3'-SL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS We established LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction models in both cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and mouse models to determine the effects of 3'-SL. Western blotting, qRT-PCR analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and en face staining were employed to clarify underlying mechanisms. Superoxide production was measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and dihydroethidium staining. KEY FINDINGS LPS significantly decreased cell viability, whereas 3'-SL treatment mitigated these effects via inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. Mechanistically, 3'-SL ameliorated LPS-induced ROS accumulation leading to ERK1/2 activation-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of downstream transcriptional target genes, including VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Interestingly, LPS-induced ERK1/2/STAT1 activation leads to the HMGB1 release from the nucleus into the extracellular space, where it binds to RAGE, while 3'-SL suppressed EC hyperpermeability by suppressing the HMGB1/RAGE axis. This interaction also led to VE-cadherin endothelial junction disassembly and endothelial cell monolayer disruption through ERK1/2/STAT1 modulation. In mouse endothelium, en face staining revealed that 3'-SL abolished LPS-stimulated ROS production and VCAM-1 overexpression. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that 3'-SL inhibits LPS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by suppressing superoxide-mediated ERK1/2/STAT1 activation and HMGB1/RAGE axis. Therefore, 3'-SL may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Van Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yujin Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Thuy Le Lam Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Lila Kim
- GeneChem Inc. A-201, 187 Techno 2-ro, Daejeon 34025, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
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13
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Chan JMS, Park SJ, Ng M, Chen WC, Chan WY, Bhakoo K, Chong TT. Translational Molecular Imaging Tool of Vulnerable Carotid Plaque: Evaluate Effects of Statin Therapy on Plaque Inflammation and American Heart Association-Defined Risk Levels in Cuff-Implanted Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:110-126. [PMID: 36481841 PMCID: PMC10796420 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of high-risk carotid plaques in asymptomatic patients remains a challenging but crucial step in stroke prevention. The challenge is to accurately monitor the development of high-risk carotid plaques and promptly identify patients, who are unresponsive to best medical therapy, and hence targeted for carotid surgical interventions to prevent stroke. Inflammation is a key operator in destabilisation of plaques prior to clinical sequelae. Currently, there is a lack of imaging tool in routine clinical practice, which allows assessment of inflammatory activity within the atherosclerotic plaque. Herein, we have used a periarterial cuff to generate a progressive carotid atherosclerosis model in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This model produced clinically relevant plaques with different levels of risk, fulfilling American Heart Association (AHA) classification, at specific timepoints and locations, along the same carotid artery. Exploiting this platform, we have developed smart molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes consisting of dual-targeted microparticles of iron oxide (DT-MPIO) against VCAM-1 and P-selectin, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of statin therapy on progressive carotid atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that in vivo DT-MPIO-enhanced MRI can (i) quantitatively track plaque inflammation from early to advanced stage; (ii) identify and characterise high-risk inflamed, vulnerable plaques; and (iii) monitor the response to statin therapy longitudinally. Moreover, this molecular imaging-defined therapeutic response was validated using AHA classification of human plaques, a clinically relevant parameter, approximating the clinical translation of this tool. Further development and translation of this molecular imaging tool into the clinical arena may potentially facilitate more accurate risk stratification, permitting timely identification of the high-risk patients for prophylactic carotid intervention, affording early opportunities for stroke prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M S Chan
- Translational Cardiovascular Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 , Singapore, 138667, Helios, Singapore.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Translational Cardiovascular Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 , Singapore, 138667, Helios, Singapore
| | - Michael Ng
- Translational Cardiovascular Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 , Singapore, 138667, Helios, Singapore
| | - Way Cherng Chen
- Bruker Singapore Pte. Ltd, 30 Biopolis Street, #09-01, Singapore, 138671, Matrix, Singapore
| | - Wan Ying Chan
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Singapore, 138667, Helios, Singapore
| | - Tze Tec Chong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
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14
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Lucia Madariaga M, Shalhoub J. The Biological Parallels Between Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Implications for Solid Organ Chronic Rejection. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:2-11. [PMID: 38051983 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection are pervasive chronic disease states that account for significant morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Recently, a series of shared molecular pathways have emerged, revealing biological parallels from early stages of development up to the advanced forms of pathology. These shared mechanistic processes are inflammatory in nature, reflecting the importance of inflammation in both disorders. Vascular inflammation triggers endothelial dysfunction and disease initiation through aberrant vasomotor control and shared patterns of endothelial activation. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the recruitment of immune cells and the perpetuation of the inflammatory response. This drives lesion formation through the release of key cytokines such as IFN-y, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Continued interplay between the adaptive and innate immune response (represented by T lymphocytes and macrophages, respectively) promotes lesion instability and thrombotic complications; hallmarks of advanced disease in both atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection. The aim of this study is to identify areas of overlap between atherosclerosis and chronic rejection. We then discuss new approaches to improve current understanding of the pathophysiology of both disorders, and eventually design novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A Otunla
- From the Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H Davies
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Dubourg V, Schwerdt G, Schreier B, Kopf M, Mildenberger S, Benndorf RA, Gekle M. EGFR activation differentially affects the inflammatory profiles of female human aortic and coronary artery endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22827. [PMID: 38129563 PMCID: PMC10739936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are key players in vascular function, homeostasis and inflammation. EC show substantial heterogeneity due to inter-individual variability (e.g. sex-differences) and intra-individual differences as they originate from different organs or vessels. This variability may lead to different responsiveness to external stimuli. Here we compared the responsiveness of female human primary EC from the aorta (HAoEC) and coronary arteries (HCAEC) to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation. EGFR is an important signal integration hub for vascular active substances with physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Our transcriptomic analysis suggested that EGFR activation differentially affects the inflammatory profiles of HAoEC and HCAEC, particularly by inducing a HCAEC-driven leukocyte attraction but a downregulation of adhesion molecule and chemoattractant expression in HAoEC. Experimental assessments of selected inflammation markers were performed to validate these predictions and the results confirmed a dual role of EGFR in these cells: its activation initiated an anti-inflammatory response in HAoEC but a pro-inflammatory one in HCAEC. Our study highlights that, although they are both arterial EC, female HAoEC and HCAEC are distinguishable with regard to the role of EGFR and its involvement in inflammation regulation, what may be relevant for vascular maintenance but also the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany.
| | - Gerald Schwerdt
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Kopf
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
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16
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Zhou Y, Sekar NC, Thurgood P, Needham S, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Bioengineered Vascular Model of Foam Cell Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6947-6955. [PMID: 38018792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a complex blood vessel pathology, which is characterized by a series of events, including endothelium dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of immune cells underneath the blood vessel walls. Novel bioengineered models capable of recapitulating these events are required to better understand the complex pathological processes underlying the development of foam cell formation and, consequently, advanced bioengineered platforms for screening drugs. Here, we generated a microfluidic blood vessel model, incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix coated with an endothelial layer. This system enables us to perform experiments under a dynamic microenvironment that recapitulates the complexities of the native vascular regions. Using this model, we studied the effectors that regulate monocyte adhesion and migration, as well as foam cell formation inside vessel walls. We found that monocyte adhesion and migration are regulated by both the endothelium and monocytes themselves. Monocytes migrated into the extracellular matrix only when endothelial cells were cultured in the vessel model. In addition, the exposure of an endothelial layer to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and low shear stress both increased monocyte migration into the subendothelial space toward the matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrated the process of foam cell formation, 3 days after transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the vessel wall. We showed that pre-exposure of PBMCs to high shear rates increases their adhesion and migration through the TNF-α-treated endothelium but does not affect their capacity to form foam cells. The versatility of our model allows for mechanistic studies on foam cell formation under customized pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Kew, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Castro RJ, Pedroza K, Hong MY. The effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100260. [PMID: 38115868 PMCID: PMC10728568 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Heart disease, caused by atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death. Maintaining vascular integrity is crucial to reducing atherosclerosis risk. Mangos are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may offer cardioprotective and immune-boosting benefits. However, their effects on the vasculature and immune system in adults with overweight and obesity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods In a 12-week, crossover study, 27 overweight and obese participants consumed either 100 kcals of mangos daily or isocaloric low-fat cookies daily. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 and analyzed for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, and sCD45, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results Mango consumption significantly decreased VCAM-1 between baseline and week 4 (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.004). CAT increased between baseline and week 12 (P = 0.035) with mango consumption. GPx increased at week 12 compared to baseline and week 4 (P < 0.05). At week 12, SOD was higher after mango consumption compared to low-fat cookie consumption (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences in ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, sCD45 or TNF-α concentrations (P > 0.05 for all non-significant results). Conclusions This study suggests that 100 kcals of mangos may benefit the integrity of the vasculature by reducing VCAM-1 and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx levels. Mangos can be an alternative snack for improving atherosclerosis and oxidative stress risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Castro
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kazandra Pedroza
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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18
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Ebrahimi F, Ghazimoradi MM, Fatima G, Bahramsoltani R. Citrus flavonoids and adhesion molecules: Potential role in the management of atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21849. [PMID: 38028000 PMCID: PMC10663934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disorder is accompanied with oxidative stress which causes a high morbidity and mortality. Adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), P-selectin, and E-selectin, are amongst the most important contributors in atherosclerosis. In such cases, dietary interventions with functional foods containing natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents are of a great interest. Citrus fruits are rich sources of flavonoids as natural pigments with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to review current evidence regarding the role of citrus flavonoids in the management of atherosclerosis with a focus on their effect on adhesion molecules. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the names of adhesion molecules and flavonoids from inception until January 2023. The included articles highly support the beneficial effects of citrus flavonoids in preclinical models of atherosclerosis. Quercetin, naringin and naringenin, hesperidin and hesperetin, nobiletin, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, and kaempferol are the most common flavonoids in citrus fruits which could modulate adhesion molecules including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin. Additionally, markers of chronic inflammation such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and nitric oxide signaling, as well as oxidative stress markers like superoxide dismutase and glutathione were all normalized upon administration of citrus flavonoids. Conclusively, this review confirms the modulatory role of flavonoids on adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis based on the preclinical evaluations. Thus, citrus fruits can be further studied in atherosclerotic patients regarding their activity in reducing adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ghizal Fatima
- Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Xu P, Cai X, Guan X, Xie W. Sulfoconjugation of protein peptides and glycoproteins in physiology and diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108540. [PMID: 37777160 PMCID: PMC10842354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein sulfoconjugation, or sulfation, represents a critical post-translational modification (PTM) process that involves the attachment of sulfate groups to various positions of substrates within the protein peptides or glycoproteins. This process plays a dynamic and complex role in many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the importance of sulfation in the fields of oncology, virology, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and atherosclerosis. In oncology, sulfation is involved in tumor initiation, progression, and migration. In virology, sulfation influences viral entry, replication, and host immune response. In DILI, sulfation is associated with the incidence of DILI, where altered sulfation affects drug metabolism and toxicity. In IBD, dysregulation of sulfation compromises mucosal barrier and immune response. In atherosclerosis, sulfation influences the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the accumulation of lipoprotein, and the inflammation, proliferation, and migration of smooth muscle cells. The current review underscores the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of targeting sulfoconjugation in various diseases. A better understanding of sulfation could facilitate the emergence of innovative diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Lee SK, Malik RA, Zhou J, Wang W, Gross PL, Weitz JI, Ramachandran R, Trigatti BL. PAR4 Inhibition Reduces Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Fibrosis in SR-B1/LDLR Double Knockout Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2165-2178. [PMID: 37675637 PMCID: PMC10597419 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1)/LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) double knockout mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet containing cholate exhibit coronary artery disease characterized by occlusive coronary artery atherosclerosis, platelet accumulation in coronary arteries, and myocardial fibrosis. Platelets are involved in atherosclerosis development, and PAR (protease-activated receptor) 4 has a prominent role in platelet function in mice. However, the role of PAR4 on coronary artery disease in mice has not been tested. METHODS We tested the effects of a PAR4 inhibitory pepducin (RAG8) on diet-induced aortic sinus and coronary artery atherosclerosis, platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries, and myocardial fibrosis in SR-B1/LDLR double knockout mice. SR-B1/LDLR double knockout mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet containing cholate and injected daily with 20 mg/kg of either the RAG8 pepducin or a control reverse-sequence pepducin (SRQ8) for 20 days. RESULTS Platelets from the RAG8-treated mice exhibited reduced thrombin and PAR4 agonist peptide-mediated activation compared with those from control SRQ8-treated mice when tested ex vivo. Although aortic sinus atherosclerosis levels did not differ, RAG8-treated mice exhibited reduced coronary artery atherosclerosis, reduced platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries, and reduced myocardial fibrosis. These protective effects were not accompanied by changes in circulating lipids, inflammatory cytokines, or immune cells. However, RAG8-treated mice exhibited reduced VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) protein levels in nonatherosclerotic coronary artery cross sections and reduced leukocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary artery cross sections compared with those from SRQ8-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The PAR4 inhibitory RAG8 pepducin reduced coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis in SR-B1/LDLR double knockout mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet containing cholate. Furthermore, RAG8 reduced VCAM-1 in nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries and reduced leukocyte and platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. These findings identify PAR4 as an attractive target in reducing coronary artery disease development, and the use of RAG8 may potentially be beneficial in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Lee
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., W.W., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Rida A. Malik
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine (R.A.M., J.Z., P.L.G., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Ji Zhou
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine (R.A.M., J.Z., P.L.G., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., W.W., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Peter L. Gross
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine (R.A.M., J.Z., P.L.G., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Jeffrey I. Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine (R.A.M., J.Z., P.L.G., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., W.W., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.R.)
| | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., R.A.M., J.Z., W.W., P.L.G., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.K.L., W.W., J.I.W., B.L.T.)
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β inhibition partially negates the beneficial effects of diet-induced lipid lowering. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562255. [PMID: 37873280 PMCID: PMC10592822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are the leading cause of death in the world. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, little is known regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. Methods Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 18 weeks and then switched to a low-fat chow diet for 12 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of SMC, and other lesion cells by SMC-lineage tracing combined with scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and immunostaining plus high resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. In addition, to determine if treatment with a potent inhibitor of inflammation could augment the benefits of chow diet-induced reductions in LDL-cholesterol, SMC-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks and then chow diet for 12 weeks prior to treating them with an IL-1β or control antibody (Ab) for 8-weeks. Results Lipid-lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a WD to a chow diet reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β Ab treatment resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden, BCA lesion size, as well as increased cholesterol crystal accumulation, intra-plaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared to IgG control Ab treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β Ab treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but down-regulated SMC extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. Conclusions Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for chow diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ernest D. Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Corey M. Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eli R. Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Sakhaei MH, Ghasemi F. The effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292734. [PMID: 37831667 PMCID: PMC10575525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise training on circulating adhesion molecules i.e. soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults. METHOD PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched to identify original articles, published in English languages journal from inception up to 31 August 2023 that compared the effects of exercise training with non-exercising control on sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in adults. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models. RESULTS Twenty-three studies including 31 intervention arms and involving 1437 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training effectively reduced sICAM-1 [SMD: -0.33 (95% CI -0.56 to -0.11), p = 0.004; I2 = 56.38%, p = 0.001; 23 intervention arms]. Subgroup analyses showed that sICAM-1 decreased in adults with age <60 years (p = 0.01) and BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 (p = 0.002) and those with metabolic disorders (p = 0.004) and cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.005). In addition, aerobic (p = 0.02) and resistance training (p = 0.007) are effective in reducing sICAM-1. However, exercise training did not indicate a superior effect on sVCAM-1 [SMD: -0.12 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.05), p = 0.17; I2 = 36.29%, p = 0.04; 23 intervention arms]. CONCLUSION Our results show that exercise training reduces sICAM-1, but not for sVCAM-1, where both aerobic and resistance training is effective in reducing sICAM-1 in adults with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION The current meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero with ID registration number: CRD42023410474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Faeghe Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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23
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Menon SN, Zerin F, Ezewudo E, Simon NP, Menon SN, Daniel ML, Green AJ, Pandey A, Mackay CE, Hafez S, Moniri NH, Hasan R. Neflamapimod inhibits endothelial cell activation, adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte attachment and vascular inflammation by inhibiting p38 MAPKα and NF-κB signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115683. [PMID: 37429422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neflamapimod, a selective inhibitor of the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKα), was investigated for its potential to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of endothelial cells (ECs), adhesion molecule induction, and subsequent leukocyte attachment to EC monolayers. These events are known to contribute to vascular inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction. Our results demonstrate that LPS treatment of cultured ECs and rats leads to significant upregulation of adhesion molecules, both in vitro and in vivo, which can be effectively inhibited by Neflamapimod treatment. Western blotting data further reveals that Neflamapimod inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPKα and the activation of NF-κB signaling in ECs. Additionally, leukocyte adhesion assays demonstrate a substantial reduction in leukocyte attachment to cultured ECs and the aorta lumen of rats treated with Neflamapimod. Consistent with vascular inflammation, LPS-treated rat arteries exhibit significantly diminished vasodilation response to acetylcholine, however, arteries from rats treated with Neflamapimod maintain their vasodilation capacity, demonstrating its ability to limit LPS-induced vascular inflammation. Overall, our data demonstrate that Neflamapimod effectively inhibits endothelium activation, adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte attachment, thereby reducing vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi N Menon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Farzana Zerin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Emmanuella Ezewudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nimi P Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Sreeranjini N Menon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Morgan L Daniel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Andrea J Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ajay Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sherif Hafez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raquibul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
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Peng H, Palma-Gudiel H, Soriano-Tarraga C, Jimenez-Conde J, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Epigenome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with ischemic stroke. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:106. [PMID: 37370144 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation has previously been associated with ischemic stroke, but the specific genes and their functional roles in ischemic stroke remain to be determined. Here we aimed to identify differentially methylated genes that play a functional role in ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. RESULTS Genome-wide DNA methylation assessed with the Illumina Methylation EPIC Array in a discovery sample including 80 Chinese adults (40 cases vs. 40 controls) found that patients with ischemic stroke were characterized by increased DNA methylation at six CpG loci (individually located at TRIM6, FLRT2, SOX1, SOX17, AGBL4, and FAM84A, respectively) and decreased DNA methylation at one additional locus (located at TLN2). Targeted bisulfite sequencing confirmed six of these differentially methylated probes in an independent Chinese population (853 cases vs. 918 controls), and one probe (located at TRIM6) was further verified in an external European cohort (207 cases vs. 83 controls). Experimental manipulation of DNA methylation in engineered human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicated that the identified differentially methylated probes located at TRIM6, TLN2, and FLRT2 genes may play a role in endothelial cell adhesion and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Altered DNA methylation of the TRIM6, TLN2, and FLRT2 genes may play a functional role in ischemic stroke in Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carolina Soriano-Tarraga
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology of Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona/DCEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Neurology of Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona/DCEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Scalia A, Doumani L, Kindt N, Journé F, Trelcat A, Carlier S. The Interplay between Atherosclerosis and Cancer: Breast Cancer Cells Increase the Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Markers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:896. [PMID: 37508329 PMCID: PMC10376633 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, closely followed by cancer. To investigate the impact of breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231) on endothelial cell adhesion, a blended medium containing 30% breast-cancer-conditioned medium was prepared. This medium was then exposed to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and monocytes (THP-1) for 48 h. Homemade oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) were optionally added to the blended medium. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the expression of E-selectin, connexin-43, and ICAM-1 on HUVECs, as well as LOX-1, CD36, and CD162 on THP-1. Additionally, unoxidized LDL was exposed to the three breast cancer cell lines for 48 h, and the formation of oxLDL was quantified. Our results revealed an upregulation of all six adhesion markers involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis when HUVECs and THP-1 were exposed to the breast-cancer-conditioned medium. Furthermore, this expression was further increased by exposure to oxLDL. We also observed a significant elevation in oxLDL levels when LDL was exposed to breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings successfully demonstrate an increased LDL oxidation in the presence of breast cancer cells, accompanied by an augmented expression of receptors involved in atherosclerosis initiation. These findings shed new light on the clinically observed interplay between atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Scalia
- Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Lesly Doumani
- Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nadège Kindt
- Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journé
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Trelcat
- Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Carlier
- Department of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Dri E, Lampas E, Lazaros G, Lazarou E, Theofilis P, Tsioufis C, Tousoulis D. Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1420. [PMID: 37374202 DOI: 10.3390/life13061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory factors, as well as deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. It has been reported that the maintenance of endothelial cell integrity serves a significant role in human health and disease due to the involvement of the endothelium in several processes, such as regulation of vascular tone, regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis, cell adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Inflammatory modulators/biomarkers, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor α, or alternative anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), involved in atherosclerosis progression have been shown to predict cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, several signaling pathways, such as NLRP3 inflammasome, that are associated with the inflammatory response and the disrupted H2S bioavailability are postulated to be new indicators for endothelial cell inflammation and its associated endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of a plethora of reviews, research articles, and clinical trials concerning the key inflammatory modulators and signaling pathways in atherosclerosis due to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dri
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Lampas
- Department of Cardiology, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Lazarou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 114, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Luo T, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu H, Cai L, Huang G, Wang C, Chen Y, Xia L, Ding X, Wang J, Li X. Atherosclerosis treatment with nanoagent: potential targets, stimulus signals and drug delivery mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205751. [PMID: 37404681 PMCID: PMC10315585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the first killer of human health, and it caused up at least 31% of global deaths. Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons caused CVDs. Oral drug therapy with statins and other lipid-regulating drugs is the conventional treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. However, conventional therapeutic strategies are constrained by low drug utilization and non-target organ injury problems. Micro-nano materials, including particles, liposomes, micelles and bubbles, have been developed as the revolutionized tools for CVDs detection and drug delivery, specifically atherosclerotic targeting treatment. Furthermore, the micro-nano materials also could be designed to intelligently and responsive targeting drug delivering, and then become a promising tool to achieve atherosclerosis precision treatment. This work reviewed the advances in atherosclerosis nanotherapy, including the materials carriers, target sites, responsive model and treatment results. These nanoagents precisely delivery the therapeutic agents to the target atherosclerosis sites, and intelligent and precise release of drugs, which could minimize the potential adverse effects and be more effective in atherosclerosis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunshi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite progress in prevention and treatment, recent trends show a stalling in the reduction of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, paralleled by increasing rates of cardiometabolic disease risk factors in young adults, underscoring the importance of risk assessments in this population. This review highlights the evidence for molecular biomarkers for early risk assessment in young individuals. We examine the utility of traditional biomarkers in young individuals and discuss novel, nontraditional biomarkers specific to pathways contributing to early cardiometabolic disease risk. Additionally, we explore emerging omic technologies and analytical approaches that could enhance risk assessment for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
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Lu J, Peng W, Yi X, Fan D, Li J, Wang C, Luo H, Yu M. Inflammation and endothelial function-related gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid atherosclerosis-A study of community population in Southwest China. Brain Behav 2023:e3045. [PMID: 37137812 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships between 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms with carotid atherosclerosis and whether interactions among these genes were associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS Face-to-face surveys were conducted with individuals aged 40 or older in eight communities. A total of 2377 individuals were included in the study. Ultrasound was used to detect carotid atherosclerosis in the included population. 18 loci of 10 genes associated with inflammation and endothelial function were detected. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). RESULTS Among the 2377 subjects, 445 (18.7%) subjects had increased intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), and 398 (16.7%) subjects were detected with vulnerable plaque. In addition, NOS2A rs2297518 polymorphism was associated with increased CCA-IMT, IL1A rs1609682, and HABP2 rs7923349 polymorphisms were associated with vulnerable plaque. Besides, GMDR analysis showed significant gene-gene interactions among TNFSF4 rs1234313, IL1A rs1609682, TLR4 rs1927911, ITGA2 rs1991013, NOS2A rs2297518, IL6R rs4845625, ITGA2 rs4865756, HABP2 rs7923349, NOS2A rs8081248, HABP2 rs932650. CONCLUSION The prevalences of increased CCA-IMT and vulnerable plaque were high in Southwestern China's high-risk stroke population. Furthermore, inflammation and endothelial function-related gene polymorphisms were associated with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Daofeng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, the Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
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Atre R, Sharma R, Vadim G, Solanki K, Wadhonkar K, Singh N, Patidar P, Khabiya R, Samaur H, Banerjee S, Baig MS. The indispensability of macrophage adaptor proteins in chronic inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110176. [PMID: 37104916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins represent key signalling molecules involved in regulating immune responses. The host's innate immune system recognizes pathogens via various surface and intracellular receptors. Adaptor molecules are centrally involved in different receptor-mediated signalling pathways, acting as bridges between the receptors and other molecules. The presence of adaptors in major signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases has drawn attention toward the role of these proteins in such diseases. In this review, we summarize the importance and roles of different adaptor molecules in macrophage-mediated signalling in various chronic disease states. We highlight the mechanistic roles of adaptors and how they are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPI) via different domains to carry out signalling. Hence, we also provide insights into how targeting these adaptor proteins can be a good therapeutic strategy against various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Gaponenko Vadim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Khandu Wadhonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Pramod Patidar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India; School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India
| | - Harshita Samaur
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
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Giebe S, Brux M, Hofmann A, Lowe F, Breheny D, Morawietz H, Brunssen C. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next-generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on inflammatory biomarkers of human monocytes. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9. [PMID: 37081240 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play a key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their pro-inflammatory effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression in THP-1 monocytes after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine (nic). Treatment with 3R4F reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exposure to alternative smoking products showed no difference to control. At the highest non-lethal dose of 3R4F (20%), the following notable mRNA expression changes were observed for 3R4F, HTP, and e-cig respectively, relative to control; HMOX1 (6-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), NQO1 (3.5-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), CCL2 (4-fold, 3.5-fold, 2.5-fold), IL1B (4-fold, 3-fold, < 2-fold), IL8 (5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold), TNF (2-fold, 2-fold, < 2-fold) and ICAM1 was below the 2-fold threshold for all products. With respect to protein expression, IL1B (3-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold) and IL8 (3.5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold) were elevated over the 2-fold threshold, whereas CCL2, TNF, and ICAM1 were below 2-fold expression for all products. At higher doses, greater inductions were observed with all extracts; however, NGP responses were typically lower than 3R4F. In conclusion, anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes were activated by all products. NGPs overall showed lower responses relative to controls than THP-1 cells exposed to 3R4F AqE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frazer Lowe
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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32
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Chang S, Zhang G, Li L, Li H, Jin X, Wang Y, Li B. Sirt4 deficiency promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating the NF-κB/IκB/CXCL2/3 pathway. Atherosclerosis 2023; 373:29-37. [PMID: 37121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As a member of mitochondrial sirtuins, Sirt4 plays a vital role in cellular metabolism and intracellular signal transduction; however, its effect on atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of Sirt4 on atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo, Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-/Sirt4-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages from two mouse types were extracted and treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein to establish a cell model, THP-1 cells were used to observe the effect of Sirt4 on the adhesion ability of monocytes. The growth and composition of aortic plaques in two mouse types were analyzed by H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, Dil oxidized low-density lipoprotein, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptome analysis and Western blotting were performed to explore the specific mechanism. RESULTS Sirt4 deficiency aggravated atherosclerosis in mice. In vivo, aortic plaque size, lipid content, and expression of related inflammatory factors in Apoe-/-/Sirt4-/- mice were higher than those in the control group, whereas the content of collagen Ⅰ and smooth muscle actin-α was significantly lower. Sirt4-deficient macrophages exhibited stronger lipid phagocytosis in vitro, and the adhesion ability of monocytes increased when Sirt4 expression decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of CXCL2 and CXCL3 in Sirt4-deficient peritoneal macrophages increased significantly, which may play a role by activating the NF-κB pathway. In further analysis, the results in vitro and in vivo showed that the expression of VCAM-1 and pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, increased, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-37 decreased in Sirt4-deficient peritoneal macrophages and tissues. After blocking the effect with NK-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, the inflammatory reaction in sirt4 deficient macrophages was also significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Sirt4 deficiency promotes the development of atherosclerosis by activating the NF-κB/IκB/CXCL2/3 pathway, suggesting that Sirt4 may exhibit a protective effect in atherosclerosis, which provides a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China; Weifang Medical University, No.7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, PR China
| | - Guanzhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Haiying Li
- Medical Department, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, NO.10, South Shanghai Road, Zibo, PR China.
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Kolobarić N, Mihalj M, Kozina N, Matić A, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. Tff3-/- Knock-Out Mice with Altered Lipid Metabolism Exhibit a Lower Level of Inflammation following the Dietary Intake of Sodium Chloride for One Week. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087315. [PMID: 37108475 PMCID: PMC10138311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high salt intake causes hemodynamic changes and promotes immune response through cell activation and cytokine production, leading to pro-inflammatory conditions. Transgenic Tff3-/- knock-out mice (TFF3ko) (n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT) (n = 20) were each divided into the (1) low-salt (LS) group and (2) high-salt (HS) group. Ten-week-old animals were fed with standard rodent chow (0.4% NaCl) (LS) or food containing 4% NaCl (HS) for one week (7 days). Inflammatory parameters from the sera were measured by Luminex assay. The integrin expression and rates of T cell subsets of interest from the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were measured using flow cytometry. There was a significant increase in high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) only in the WT mice following the HS diet, while there were no significant changes in the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6 as a response to treatment in either study groups. The rates of CD4+CD25+ T cells from MLNs decreased, while CD3+γδTCR+ from peripheral blood increased following the HS diet only in TFF3ko. γδTCR expressing T cell rates decreased in WT following the HS diet. The CD49d/VLA-4 expression decreased in the peripheral blood leukocytes in both groups following the HS diet. CD11a/LFA-1 expression significantly increased only in the peripheral blood Ly6C-CD11ahigh monocytes in WT mice following salt loading. In conclusion, salt-loading in knock-out mice caused a lower level of inflammatory response compared with their control WT mice due to gene depletion.
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Grants
- #IP-2014-09-6380/V-ELI Athero, PI I. Drenjančević Croatian Science Foundation
- VIF-2018-MEFOS-09-1509 (The influence of increased NaCl values on endothelial function in model TFF-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2019-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- VIF-2020-MEFOS (The effect of increased NaCl values on the mechanisms of vascular reactivity in model of Tff3-/- mice, Sprague-Dawley rats and HAEC cell cultures, PI I. Drenjančević) Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Abstract
Vascular age is determined by functional and structural changes in the arterial wall. When measured by its proxy, pulse wave velocity, it has been shown to predict cardiovascular and total mortality. Disconcordance between chronological and vascular age might represent better or worse vascular health. Cell senescence is caused by oxidative stress and sustained cell replication. Senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of coagulation and leucocyte infiltration are observed in the aging endothelium. All of these mechanisms lead to increased vascular calcification and stiffness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can involve the vascular endothelium. It enters cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, which are abundant in endothelial cells. The damage this virus does to the endothelium can be direct or indirect. Indirect damage is caused by hyperinflammation. Direct damage results from effects on ACE-2 receptors. The reduction of ACE-2 levels seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might cause vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. COVID-19 and vascular aging share some pathways. Due to the novelty of the virus, there is an urgent need for studies that investigate its long-term effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Badaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania,Ignas Badaras, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius
University, M. K. Ciurlionio g. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania.
| | - Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University
Hospital, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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35
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Pekas EJ, Allen MF, Park SY. Prolonged sitting and peripheral vascular function: potential mechanisms and methodological considerations. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:810-822. [PMID: 36794688 PMCID: PMC10042610 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00730.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitting time is associated with increased risks for subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development, and this is thought to be partially due to sitting-induced disturbances in macro- and microvascular function as well as molecular imbalances. Despite surmounting evidence supporting these claims, contributing mechanisms to these phenomena remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss evidence for potential mechanisms of sitting-induced perturbations in peripheral hemodynamics and vascular function and how these potential mechanisms may be targeted using active and passive muscular contraction methods. Furthermore, we also highlight concerns regarding the experimental environment and population considerations for future studies. Optimizing prolonged sitting investigations may allow us to not only better understand the hypothesized sitting-induced transient proatherogenic environment but to also enhance methods and devise mechanistic targets to salvage sitting-induced attenuations in vascular function, which may ultimately play a role in averting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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36
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Chhor M, Tulpar E, Nguyen T, Cranfield CG, Gorrie CA, Chan YL, Chen H, Oliver BG, McClements L, McGrath KC. E-Cigarette Aerosol Condensate Leads to Impaired Coronary Endothelial Cell Health and Restricted Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076378. [PMID: 37047355 PMCID: PMC10094580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being a major preventable risk factor. Smoking cessation can be difficult due to the addictive nature of nicotine and the withdrawal symptoms following cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-Cigs) have emerged as an alternative smoking cessation device, which has been increasingly used by non-smokers; however, the cardiovascular effects surrounding the use of e-Cigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-Cig aerosol condensate (EAC) (0 mg and 18 mg nicotine) in vitro on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and in vivo on the cardiovascular system using a mouse model of ‘e-vaping’. In vitro results show a decrease in cell viability of HCAEC when exposed to EAC either directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.05 vs. control). Reactive oxygen species were increased in HCAEC when exposed to EAC directly or after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (p < 0.0001 vs. control). ICAM-1 protein expression levels were increased after exposure to conditioned lung cell media (18 mg vs. control, p < 0.01). Ex vivo results show an increase in the mRNA levels of anti-angiogenic marker, FKBPL (p < 0.05 vs. sham), and endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in barrier function, ICAM-1 (p < 0.05 vs. sham) in murine hearts following exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol treatment containing a higher amount of nicotine. Immunohistochemistry also revealed an upregulation of FKBPL and ICAM-1 protein expression levels. This study showed that despite e-Cigs being widely used for tobacco smoking cessation, these can negatively impact endothelial cell health with a potential to lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chhor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Esra Tulpar
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Charles G. Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
| | - Kristine C. McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (M.C.); (E.T.); (T.N.); (C.G.C.); (C.A.G.); (Y.L.C.); (H.C.); (B.G.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (K.C.M.)
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Duan L, Zhao Y, Jia J, Chao T, Wang H, Liang Y, Lou Y, Zheng Q, Wang H. Myeloid-restricted CD68 deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibition of ROS-MAPK-apoptosis axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166698. [PMID: 36965676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, macrophages derived from blood monocytes contribute to non-resolving inflammation, which subsequently primes necrotic core formation, and ultimately triggers acute thrombotic vascular disease. Nevertheless, little is known about how inflammatory cells, especially the macrophages fuel atherosclerosis. CD68, a unique class D scavenger receptor (SRD) family member, is specifically expressed in monocytes/macrophages and remarkably up-regulated upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation. Nonetheless, whether and how myeloid-specific CD68 affects atherosclerosis remains to be defined. To determine the essential in vivo role and mechanism linking CD68 to atherosclerosis, we engineered global and myeloid-specific CD68-deficient mice on an ApoE background. On Western diet, both the mice with global and the myeloid-restricted deletion of CD68 on ApoE background attenuated atherosclerosis, accompanied by diminished immune/inflammatory cell burden and necrotic core content, but increased smooth muscle cell content in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro experiments revealed that CD68 deficiency in macrophages resulted in attenuated ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Additionally, CD68 deficiency suppressed ROS production, while removal of ROS can markedly reversed this effect. We further showed that CD68 deficiency affected apoptosis through inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our findings establish CD68 as a macrophage lineage-specific regulator of "ROS-MAPK-apoptosis" axis, thus providing a previously unknown mechanism for the prominence of CD68 as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Its therapeutic inhibition may provide a potent lever to alleviate the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yucong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Gerasimova EV, Popkova TV, Gerasimova DA, Markina YV, Kirichenko TV. Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis at Low Cardiovascular Risk. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030974. [PMID: 36979953 PMCID: PMC10046543 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rate of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and clinical significance of immunoinflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at low cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 275 RA patients and a control group of 100 participants without autoimmune diseases. All study participants were at low cardiovascular risk, calculated by the QRISK3 scale (<20%), and free of cardiovascular disease. Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries was performed to measure cIMT and to detect atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in carotid arteries. sIСАМ-1, sVСАМ, and sCD40L levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Carotid ASP was observed more frequently in RA patients (27%) than in the control group (17%), p = 0.03. The frequency of ASP in RA patients did not depend on the disease's stage or activity. There was a significant correlation between cIMT and age, cardiovascular risk determined by QRISK3, level of total cholesterol, LDL, and blood pressure in RA patients, p < 0.05 in all cases. No correlation between cIMT and blood levels of sCD40L, sVCAM, and sICAM was found. In RA patients, a higher concentration of sVCAM was detected in the carotid ASP group compared to the non-atherosclerotic group. sCD40L was associated with cIMT and total cholesterol in the ASP group and with total cholesterol and blood pressure in non-atherosclerotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries were observed significantly more frequently in RA patients with low cardiovascular risk than in the control group. The results of the study demonstrate the association between cIMT, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and immunoinflammatory markers in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana V Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Gerasimova
- Department of Organization and Economy of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kirichenko
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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Troncoso MF, Díaz-Vesga MC, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Riquelme JA, Müller M, Garrido L, Gabrielli L, Chiong M, Corbalan R, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Targeting VCAM-1: a therapeutic opportunity for vascular damage. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:207-223. [PMID: 36880349 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2187778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) is a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein detected in activated endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells involved in the adhesion and transmigration of inflammatory cells into damaged tissue. Widely used as a pro-inflammatory marker, its potential role as a targeting molecule has not been thoroughly explored. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current evidence supporting the potential targeting of VCAM-1 in atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion injury. EXPERT OPINION There is emerging evidence that VCAM-1 is more than a biomarker and may be a promising therapeutic target for vascular diseases. While there are neutralizing antibodies that allow preclinical research, the development of pharmacological tools to activate or inhibit this protein are required to thoroughly assess its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling F Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magda C Díaz-Vesga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramon Corbalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Association of soluble cell adhesion molecules and lipid levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:731-739. [PMID: 36192664 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and lipid levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without carotid plaque (CP). METHODS Cross-sectional study nested of a RA cohort. RA patients without a previous cardiovascular event or statins' therapy, aged 40-75 years were recruited at an outpatient cardio-rheumatology clinic. Carotid ultrasound was performed in all study subjects. RA patients with CP were included and matched to RA patients without CP by age, gender, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Blood samples were drawn at the time of recruitment to measure sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipid levels. Correlations between cell adhesion molecules, disease activity indexes, ESR and CRP with lipid levels were assessed with Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs). RESULTS We included 71 RA patients, 37 with CP and 34 without CP. RA (n = 71) patients had a moderate negative correlation of sVCAM-1 with total cholesterol (TC) (rs = - 0.366, p = 0.002) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (rs = - 0.316, p = 0.007), and a small negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein (rs = - 0.250, p = 0.036). ESR showed a small negative correlation with LDL (rs = - 0.247, p = 0.038). Patients with CP had a moderate negative correlation between sVCAM and TC (rs = - 0.405, p = 0.013). Patients without CP showed a moderate negative correlation between sVCAM with TC (rs = - 0.364, p = 0.034) and LDL (rs = - 0.352, p = 0.041), and sICAM with VLDL (rs = - 0.343, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS RA patients showed an inverse association of sVCAM-1 and lipid levels. More studies are needed to define the precise role of sVCAM-1 in the lipid paradox of RA.
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41
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Wadey KS, Somos A, Leyden G, Blythe H, Chan J, Hutchinson L, Poole A, Frankow A, Johnson JL, George SJ. Pro-inflammatory role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endothelial dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1059124. [PMID: 36794234 PMCID: PMC9923234 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1059124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is a critical component of both atherosclerotic plaque formation and saphenous vein graft failure. Crosstalk between the pro-inflammatory TNF-α-NFκB signaling axis and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway potentially plays an important role in regulating endothelial dysfunction, though the exact nature of this is not defined. Results In this study, cultured endothelial cells were challenged with TNF-α and the potential of a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, iCRT-14, in reversing the adverse effects of TNF-α on endothelial physiology was evaluated. Treatment with iCRT-14 lowered nuclear and total NFκB protein levels, as well as expression of NFκB target genes, IL-8 and MCP-1. Inhibition of β-catenin activity with iCRT-14 suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and decreased VCAM-1 protein levels. Treatment with iCRT-14 also restored endothelial barrier function and increased levels of ZO-1 and focal adhesion-associated phospho-paxillin (Tyr118). Interestingly, inhibition of β-catenin with iCRT-14 enhanced platelet adhesion in cultured TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells and in an ex vivo human saphenous vein model, most likely via elevating levels of membrane-tethered vWF. Wound healing was moderately retarded by iCRT-14; hence, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may interfere with re-endothelialisation in grafted saphenous vein conduits. Conclusion Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with iCRT-14 significantly recovered normal endothelial function by decreasing inflammatory cytokine production, monocyte adhesion and endothelial permeability. However, treatment of cultured endothelial cells with iCRT-14 also exerted a pro-coagulatory and moderate anti-wound healing effect: these factors may affect the suitability of Wnt/β-catenin inhibition as a therapy for atherosclerosis and vein graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S. Wadey
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Kerry S. Wadey,
| | - Alexandros Somos
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Leyden
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Blythe
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Chan
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Hutchinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. George
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Sammartino AM, Falco R, Drera A, Dondi F, Bellini P, Bertagna F, Vizzardi E. "Vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease: review about the role of PET imaging". Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:433-440. [PMID: 36255543 PMCID: PMC9870832 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation characterizes all stages of atherothrombosis and provides a critical pathophysiological link between plaque formation and its acute rupture, leading to coronary occlusion and heart attack. In the last 20 years the possibility of quantifying the degree of inflammation of atherosclerotic plaques and, therefore, also of vascular inflammation aroused much interest. 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose photon-emissions-tomography (18F-FDG-PET) is widely used in oncology for staging and searching metastases; in cardiology, the absorption of 18F-FDG into the arterial wall was observed for the first time incidentally in the aorta of patients undergoing PET imaging for cancer staging. PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG and 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) has been shown to assess atherosclerotic disease in its molecular phase, when the process may still be reversible. This approach has several limitations in the clinical practice, due to lack of prospective data to justify their use routinely, but it's desirable to develop further scientific evidence to confirm this technique to detect high-risk patients for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maria Sammartino
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Falco
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Drera
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Bellini
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertagna
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Bei YR, Zhang SC, Song Y, Tang ML, Zhang KL, Jiang M, He RC, Wu SG, Liu XH, Wu LM, Dai XY, Hu YW. EPSTI1 promotes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro via upregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:71-80. [PMID: 35778487 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arterial wall, and circulating monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Epithelial-stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) is a novel gene, which is dramatically induced by epithelial-stromal interaction in human breast cancer. EPSTI1 expression is not only restricted to the breast but also in other normal tissues. In this study we investigated the role of EPSTI1 in monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and its expression pattern in atherosclerotic plaques. We showed that EPSTI1 was dramatically upregulated in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques when compared with normal arteries. In addition, the expression of EPSTI1 in endothelial cells of human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques is significantly higher than that of the normal arteries. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EPSTI1 promoted human monocytic THP-1 cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via upregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs. Treatment with LPS (100, 500, 1000 ng/mL) induced EPSTI1 expression in HUVECs at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Knockdown of EPSTI1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via downregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Moreover, we revealed that LPS induced EPSTI1 expression through p65 nuclear translocation. Thus, we conclude that EPSTI1 promotes THP-1 cell adhesion to endothelial cells by upregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, implying its potential role in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rou Bei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shun-Chi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Mao-Lin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Ke-Lan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Run-Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Shao-Guo Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xue-Hui Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Marra L, Morello A, Morello M, De Rosa G, Pepe M, Sugraliyev A, Golino P, Cirillo P. Uric Acid Induces a Proatherothrombotic Phenotype in Human Endothelial Cells by Imbalancing the Tissue Factor/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Pathway. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:64-75. [PMID: 36126947 DOI: 10.1055/a-1947-7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several evidence show that elevated plasma levels of uric acid (UA) are associated with the increased risk of developing atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED is involved in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis since dysfunctional cells lose their physiological, antithrombotic properties. We have investigated whether UA might promote ED by modulating the tissue factor (TF)/TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) balance by finally changing the antithrombotic characteristics of endothelial cells. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with increasing doses of UA (up to 9 mg/dL). TF gene and protein expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Surface expression and procoagulant activity were assessed by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) analysis and coagulation assay. The mRNA and protein levels of TFPI were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. The roles of inflammasome and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as possible mechanism(s) of action of the UA on TF/TFPI balance were also investigated. RESULTS UA significantly increased TF gene and protein levels, surface expression, and procoagulant activity. In parallel, TFPI levels were significantly reduced. The NF-κB pathways appeared to be involved in modulating these phenomena. Additionally, inflammasome might also play a role. CONCLUSION The present in vitro study shows that one of the mechanisms by which high levels of UA contribute to ED might be the imbalance between TF/TFPI levels in endothelial cells, shifting them to a nonphysiological, prothrombotic phenotype. These UA effects might hypothetically explain, at least in part, the relationship observed between elevated plasma levels of UA and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Marra
- SC Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Morello
- Biochemical Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Regionale Molise, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Morello
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Martino Pepe
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Akhmetzhan Sugraliyev
- Department of Internal Disease, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Paolo Golino
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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Elliott PS, Kharaty SS, Phillips CM. Plant-Based Diets and Lipid, Lipoprotein, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Observational and Interventional Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245371. [PMID: 36558530 PMCID: PMC9787709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) are becoming increasingly popular. Thus far, the literature has focused on their association with lipid profiles, with less investigation of lipoprotein and inflammatory profiles. Because pro-atherogenic lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory processes may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis, understanding the relation between PBDs and these processes is important to inform risk mitigation strategies. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to review the literature on PBDs and lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A structured literature search was performed, retrieving 752 records, of which 43 articles were included. Plant-based diets generally associated with favourable lipid and lipoprotein profiles, characterised by decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and less low-grade inflammation, characterised by decreased C-reactive protein concentrations. Effect sizes from PBD interventions were greatest compared to habitual dietary patterns, and for non-low-fat vegan and tightly controlled dietary interventions. Associations between PBD indices and the reviewed biomarkers were less consistent. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on PBDs and PBD indices and CVD risk, the associations between specific plant food groups and CVD outcomes and the reviewed biomarker outcomes, and the potential mechanisms underpinning associations between PBDs and reduced CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Elliott
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Soraeya S. Kharaty
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M. Phillips
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Kaur R, Singh V, Kumari P, Singh R, Chopra H. Novel insights on the role of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1: Potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104802. [PMID: 36408439 PMCID: PMC9672401 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Feng S, Lu Y, Sun L, Hao S, Liu Z, Yang F, Zhang L, Wang T, Jiang L, Zhang J, Liu S, Pang H, Wang Z, Wang H. MiR-95-3p acts as a prognostic marker and promotes cervical cancer progression by targeting VCAM1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1171. [PMID: 36467343 PMCID: PMC9708496 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer patients have a high risk of metastasis and a poor prognosis with shorter disease-free survival. Thus, novel biomarkers and feasible therapies urgently need to be discovered. Previous studies have shown that miR-95-3p plays crucial roles in several cancer types. However, the roles of miR-95-3p in cervical cancer remain unknown. METHODS The micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression data and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the prognostic-related miRNAs. The potential target genes of miR-95-3p were predicted by the TargetScan database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the target gene of miR-95-3p. The effects of miR-95-3p inhibition and overexpression on cell proliferation were inspected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and cell colony formation assays. Wound-healing assays and transwell assays were also used to examine cell migration ability in HeLa and SiHa cells. RESULTS MiR-95-3p was the only miRNA significantly associated with the poor prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. A further analysis suggested that vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) is a target gene of miR-95-3p in cervical cancer, and miR-95-3p promotes the malignant behavior of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of VCAM1. The CCK-8 and cell colony assays showed that miR-95-3p downregulation significantly suppressed cell proliferation in the HeLa and SiHa cells. The transwell and wound-healing assays showed that miR-95-3p inhibition suppressed cell migration in the HeLa and SiHa cells. Further the Western blot analysis and the quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the knockdown of miR-95-3p in HeLa cells resulted in increased VCAM1 expression. And VCAM1 was highly expressed in the paired adjacent normal cervical epithelium tissue samples, but lowly expressed in the cervical tumor tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study was the first to show that miR-95-3p could serve as a prognostic biomarker of cervical cancer. Mechanistically, we discovered that miR-95-3p inhibited the expression of the cell adhesion molecule VCAM1 and thus promoted further tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Feng
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Yunkun Lu
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hui Pang
- Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
- Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University (The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo), Jiaozuo, China
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Tan L, Lu J, Zhang C, Meng L, Zhu Q. The proatherosclerotic function of BCAT1 in atherosclerosis development of aged-apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 631:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Serum Bilirubin and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Healthy Population and in Patients with Various Forms of Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112118. [PMID: 36358491 PMCID: PMC9686784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute significantly to atherogenesis. We and others have demonstrated that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels protect against coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis, most likely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bilirubin. The aim of the present study was to assess serum bilirubin and the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in both healthy subjects and patients with various forms of atherosclerosis. The study was performed in patients with premature myocardial infarction (n = 129), chronic ischemic heart disease (n = 43), peripheral artery disease (PAD, n = 69), and healthy subjects (n = 225). In all subjects, standard serum biochemistry, UGT1A1 genotypes, total antioxidant status (TAS), and concentrations of various pro- and anti-inflammatory chemokines were determined. Compared to controls, all atherosclerotic groups had significantly lower serum bilirubin and TAS, while having much higher serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and most of the analyzed proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Surprisingly, the highest inflammation, and the lowest antioxidant status, together with the lowest serum bilirubin, was observed in PAD patients, and not in premature atherosclerosis. In conclusion, elevated serum bilirubin is positively correlated with TAS, and negatively related to inflammatory markers. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with atherosclerosis have a much higher degree of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Inflammatory and Prothrombotic Biomarkers, DNA Polymorphisms, MicroRNAs and Personalized Medicine for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912054. [PMID: 36233355 PMCID: PMC9569699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical risk factors play a major role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. However, the estimation of risk for cardiovascular events based only on risk factors is often insufficient. Efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that indicate ongoing atherosclerosis. Among important circulating biomarkers associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are inflammatory markers which are determined by the expression of different genes and epigenetic processes. Among these proinflammatory molecules, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, several adhesion molecules, CD40 ligand, osteoprotegerin and others are associated with the presence and progression of PAD. Additionally, several circulating prothrombotic markers have a predictive value in PAD. Genetic polymorphisms significantly, albeit moderately, affect risk factors for PAD via altered lipoprotein metabolism, diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, inflammation and thrombosis. However, most of the risk variants for PAD are located in noncoding regions of the genome and their influence on gene expression remains to be explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Patterns of miRNA expression, to some extent, vary in different atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. miRNAs appear to be useful in the detection of PAD and the prediction of progression and revascularization outcomes. In conclusion, taking into account one’s predisposition to PAD, i.e., DNA polymorphisms and miRNAs, together with circulating inflammatory and coagulation markers, holds promise for more accurate prediction models and personalized therapeutic options.
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