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Li SN, Ran RY, Chen J, Liu MC, Dang YM, Lin H. Angiogenesis in heterotopic ossification: From mechanisms to clinical significance. Life Sci 2024; 351:122779. [PMID: 38851421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of pathologic bone in nonskeletal tissues (including muscles, tendons or other soft tissues). HO typically occurs after a severe injury and can occur in any part of the body. HO lesions are highly vascularized. Angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of HO. Surgical resection is considered an effective treatment for HO. However, it is difficult to completely remove new vessels, which can lead to the recurrence of HO and is often accompanied by significant problems such as intraoperative hemorrhage, demonstrating the important role of angiogenesis in HO. Here, we broadly summarize the current understanding of how angiogenesis contributes to HO; in particular, we focus on new insights into the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying HO angiogenesis. We also review the development and current challenges associated with antiangiogenic therapy for HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Ran
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan-Miao Dang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Yang H, Xu G, Li Q, Zhu L. Ligustrazine alleviates the progression of coronary artery calcification by inhibiting caspase-3/GSDME mediated pyroptosis. Biosci Trends 2024:2024.01096. [PMID: 38972749 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an early marker for atherosclerosis and is mainly induced by the osteoblast-like phenotype conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Recent reports indicate that NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis plays a significant role in the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), making it a promising target for treating calcific aortic valve disease (CAC). Ligustrazine, or tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), has been found effective in various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is suggested to inhibit NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. However, the function of TMP in CAC is unknown. Herein, influences of TMP on β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-stimulated VSMCs and OPG-/- mice were explored. Mouse Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle (MOVAS-1) cells were stimulated by β-GP with si- caspase-3, si- Gasdermin E (GSDME) or TMP. Increased calcification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, enhanced apoptosis, and activated cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (caspase-3)/GSDME signaling were observed in β-GP-stimulated MOVAS-1 cells, which was sharply alleviated by si-caspase-3, si-GSDME or TMP. Furthermore, the impact of TMP on the β-GP-induced calcification and injury in MOVAS-1 cells was abolished by raptinal, an activator of caspase-3. Subsequently, OPG-/- mice were dosed with TMP or TMP combined with raptinal. Calcium deposition, increased nodules, elevated IL-1β and IL-18 levels, upregulated CASP3 and actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2), and activated caspase-3/GSDME signaling in OPG-/- mice were markedly alleviated by TMP, which were notably reversed by the co-administration of raptinal. Collectively, TMP mitigated CAC by inhibiting caspase-3/GSDME mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingman Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou University, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Kamphuis MJ, van der Kamp LT, Lette E, Rinkel GJE, Vergouwen MDI, van der Schaaf IC, de Jong PA, Ruigrok YM. Intracranial arterial calcification in patients with unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10789-2. [PMID: 38806803 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial calcification is thought to protect against rupture of intracranial aneurysms, but studies in a representative population of intracranial aneurysm patients have not yet been performed. The aim was to compare the prevalence of aneurysm wall calcification and intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) between patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS We matched 150 consecutive UIA patients to 150 RIA patients on age and sex. Aneurysm wall calcification and ICAC were quantified on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography images with the modified Agatston score. We compared the prevalence of aneurysm wall calcification, ICAC, and severe ICAC (defined as a modified Agatston score in the fourth quartile) between UIA and RIA patients using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models adjusted for aneurysm characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Aneurysm wall calcification was more prevalent in UIA compared to RIA patients (OR 5.2, 95% CI: 2.0-13.8), which persisted after adjustment (OR 5.9, 95% CI: 1.7-20.2). ICAC prevalence did not differ between the two groups (crude OR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.5-1.8). Severe ICAC was more prevalent in UIA patients (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6), but not after adjustment (OR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.5-2.3). CONCLUSIONS Aneurysm wall calcification but not ICAC was more prevalent in UIAs than in RIAs, which corresponds to the hypothesis that calcification may protect against aneurysmal rupture. Aneurysm wall calcification should be further assessed as a predictor of aneurysm stability in prospective cohort studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Calcification of the intracranial aneurysm wall was more prevalent in unruptured than ruptured intracranial aneurysms after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Calcification may therefore protect the aneurysm against rupture, and aneurysm wall calcification is a candidate predictor of aneurysm stability. KEY POINTS Aneurysm wall calcification was more prevalent in patients with unruptured than ruptured aneurysms, while internal carotid artery calcification was similar. Aneurysm wall calcification but not internal carotid artery calcification is a candidate predictor of aneurysm stability. Cohort studies are needed to assess the predictive value of aneurysm wall calcification for aneurysm stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Kamphuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura T van der Kamp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Lette
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel J E Rinkel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mervyn D I Vergouwen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene C van der Schaaf
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li D, Fan C, Li X, Zhao L. The role of macrophage polarization in vascular calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149863. [PMID: 38579535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an important factor in the high morbidity and mortality of Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular damage caused by calcification of the intima or media impairs the physiological function of the vascular wall. Inflammation is a central factor in the development of vascular calcification. Macrophages are the main inflammatory cells. Dynamic changes of macrophages with different phenotypes play an important role in the occurrence, progression and stability of calcification. This review focuses on macrophage polarization and the relationship between macrophages of different phenotypes and calcification environment, as well as the mechanism of interaction, it is considered that macrophages can promote vascular calcification by releasing inflammatory mediators and promoting the osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and so on. In addition, several therapeutic strategies aimed at macrophage polarization for vascular calcification are described, which are of great significance for targeted treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chu Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China.
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Wu J, Wan M, Jiang Z, Gong W, Zhou X. lncRNA FAS-AS1 served as a diagnostic biomarker of end-stage renal disease and mediated vascular calcification via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Gene 2024; 896:148035. [PMID: 38013128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular calcification is a frequently occurring complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study focused on the significance of long non-coding RNA Fas cell surface death receptor-antisense 1(lncRNA FAS-AS1) in ESRD-related vascular calcification aiming to explore a potential biomarker for the detection. METHODS The study enrolled 65 healthy individuals, 79 ESRD patients (48 patients with vascular calcification), and 93 early-stage (I-IV) chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The expression of FAS-AS1 in serum was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The diagnostic potential of FAS-AS1 was assessed in discriminating ESRD patients, vascular calcification, and the severity of vascular calcification. In vitro, the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with a hyperphosphatemia medium to evaluate the effect of FAS-AS1 on VSMCs calcification. RESULTS Elevated serum FAS-AS1 was observed in ESRD patients, which could discriminate from healthy individuals and early-stage CKD patients. FAS-AS1 was associated with the development of ESRD and the occurrence of vascular calcification. FAS-AS1 was also upregulated in vascular calcification patients, especially the patients with severe calcification, which showed diagnostic significance in evaluating vascular calcification degrees. Calcified VSMCs showed significantly increased levels of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which was attenuated by silencing FAS-AS1. CONCLUSIONS FAS-AS1 discriminated ERSD patients and was associated with the occurrence of vascular calcification. The knockdown of FAS-AS1 suppressed hyperphosphatemia-induced vascular calcification via alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- Department of In-Patient Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of In-Patient Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhaopeng Jiang
- Department of In-Patient Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wushuang Gong
- Department of In-Patient Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- Department of In-Patient Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Cheng Y, Meng X, Gao H, Yang C, Li P, Li H, Chatterjee S, Rezende PC, Bonnet M, Li H, Zhang Z, Ji F, Zhang W. Long-term all-cause death prediction by coronary, aortic, and valvular calcification in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38373881 PMCID: PMC10877850 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prognostic value of cumulative calcification score of coronary artery calcification (CAC), thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) and aortic valve calcification (AVC) in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. A total of 332 STEMI patients who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) were enrolled in this study between January 2010 to October 2018. We assessed the calcification in the left anterior descending branch (LAD), left circumflex branch (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), thoracic aorta, and aortic valve. Calcification of each part was counted as 1 point, and the cumulative calcification score was calculated as the sum of all points. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine association of cumulative calcification score with end points. The performance of the score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and absolute net reclassification improvement (NRI), compared with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score. RESULTS The overall population's calcification score was 2.0 ± 1.6. During a mean follow-up time of 69.8 ± 29.3 months, the all-cause mortality rate was 12.1%. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the score was significantly associated with mortality (log-rank p < 0.001). The multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that a calcification score of 4-5 was independently associated with all-cause death in STEMI patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-5.31, p = 0.046]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the calcification score was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61-0.72), and the AUC of the GRACE score was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.84). There was no statistical difference in the predictive value between both scores for 3-year mortality in STEMI patients after PPCI (p = 0.06). Based on the NRI analysis, the calcification score showed better risk classification compared with the GRACE score (absolute NRI = 6.63%, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION The cumulative calcification score is independently associated with the long-term prognosis of STEMI patients after PPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuyang Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Saurav Chatterjee
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Paulo Cury Rezende
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc Bonnet
- Cardiology Department, Hospital of Annecy, Annecy, France
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zunlei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Weishan County, Jining, Shandong, 277600, China
| | - Fusui Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wenduo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Onnis C, Virmani R, Kawai K, Nardi V, Lerman A, Cademartiri F, Scicolone R, Boi A, Congiu T, Faa G, Libby P, Saba L. Coronary Artery Calcification: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Circulation 2024; 149:251-266. [PMID: 38227718 PMCID: PMC10794033 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) accompanies the development of advanced atherosclerosis. Its role in atherosclerosis holds great interest because the presence and burden of coronary calcification provide direct evidence of the presence and extent of coronary artery disease; furthermore, CAC predicts future events independently of concomitant conventional cardiovascular risk factors and to a greater extent than any other noninvasive biomarker of this disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between CAC and the susceptibility of a plaque to provoke a thrombotic event remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current understanding and literature on CAC. It outlines the pathophysiology of CAC and reviews laboratory, histopathological, and genetic studies, as well as imaging findings, to characterize different types of calcification and to elucidate their implications. Some patterns of calcification such as microcalcification portend increased risk of rupture and cardiovascular events and may improve prognosis assessment noninvasively. However, contemporary computed tomography cannot assess early microcalcification. Limited spatial resolution and blooming artifacts may hinder estimation of degree of coronary artery stenosis. Technical advances such as photon counting detectors and combination with nuclear approaches (eg, NaF imaging) promise to improve the performance of cardiac computed tomography. These innovations may speed achieving the ultimate goal of providing noninvasively specific and clinically actionable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Onnis
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Roberta Scicolone
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
| | - Alberto Boi
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio (Cagliari) 09100 ITALY
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio (Cagliari) 09100 ITALY
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari – Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari) 09045, ITALY
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8
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Elsheikh S, Hill A, Irving G, Lip GYH, Abdul-Rahim AH. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: State-of-the-art and future directions. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102181. [PMID: 37913929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The two conditions shared common co-morbidities and risk factors. AF-related strokes are associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality compared to non-AF-related. Early detection of AF is vital for prevention. While various scores have been developed to predict AF in such a high-risk group, they are yet to incorporated into clinical guidelines. Novel markers and predictors of AF including coronary and intracranial arterial calcification have also been studied. There are also ongoing debates on the management of acute stroke in patients with AF, and those who experienced breakthrough stroke while on oral anticoagulants. We provided an overview of the complex interplay between AF and stroke, as well as the treatment and secondary prevention of stroke in AF. We also comprehensively discussed the current evidence and the ongoing conundrums, and highlighted the future directions on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Elsheikh
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St Helens, UK.
| | - Andrew Hill
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St Helens, UK
| | - Greg Irving
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Health Research Institute, Edge Hill University Faculty of Health and Social Care, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Danish Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Azmil H Abdul-Rahim
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St Helens, UK
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9
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Hao N, Yong H, Zhang F, Liu C, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Li C, Wang F. Aortic calcification accelerates cardiac dysfunction via inducing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:306-318. [PMID: 38169576 PMCID: PMC10758138 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.90324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a known predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis and chronic renal disease. However, the exact relationship between VC and cardiovascular mortality remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between VC progression, arterial stiffness, and cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneally vitamin D3 (VD3) at a dosage of 35×104 IU/day for 14 days. At day 42, VC extent, artery elasticity, carotid artery blood flow, aorta pulse propagation velocity, cardiac function, and pathological changes were evaluated. Heart apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, rat cardiomyocytes H9C2 were exposed to media from calcified rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in calcification medium, and then H9C2 apoptosis and gene expression related to cardiac function were assessed. VD3-treated mice displayed a significant aortic calcification, increased pulse propagation velocity of aortae, and reduced cardiac function. Aortae showed increased calcification and elastolysis, with increased heart apoptosis. Hearts demonstrated higher levels of ANP, BNP, MMP2, and lower levels of bcl2/bax. Moreover, calcified rat VSMC media induced H9C2 apoptosis and upregulated genes expression linked to cardiac dysfunction. Our data provide evidence that VC accelerates cardiac dysfunction, partially by inducing cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hui Yong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yulu Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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10
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Ordulj I, Šarić F, Tandara M, Jerković K, Lovrić Kojundžić S, Marinović Guić M, Beneš M, Budimir Mršić D. Visceral and Ectopic Abdominal Fat Effect on the Calcification of the Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches-An MSCT Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 38276251 PMCID: PMC10817505 DOI: 10.3390/life14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral and ectopic fat accumulation might have an impact on the atherosclerotic calcification of abdominal arteries. The pattern of calcification of the abdominal aorta and its branches is not fully investigated. We retrospectively analyzed the abdominopelvic MSCT images and calculated calcification volumes of the abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, and both common and external iliac arteries. On the same MSCT scans, a visceral fat volume and ectopic fat deposits (liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S) and pancreas-to-spleen (P/S) ratio) were also measured. The results showed that calcifications of the abdominal aorta and its branches were associated with visceral fat volume, less strongly associated with L/S, and not associated with the P/S ratio. The abdominal aorta, the common iliac and external iliac arteries were more calcified arteries compared to the celiac trunk and superior and mesenterial arteries. In conclusion, visceral fat has a stronger effect on abdominopelvic arteries' calcification than ectopic fat. Visceral aortic branches are generally less calcified than iliac arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ordulj
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Frano Šarić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mirko Tandara
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Kristian Jerković
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Sanja Lovrić Kojundžić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Marinović Guić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Miodrag Beneš
- Institute of Public Health Sveti Rok Virovitica—Podravina County, 33000 Virovitica, Croatia
| | - Danijela Budimir Mršić
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.O.); (F.Š.); (M.T.); (K.J.); (S.L.K.); (M.M.G.)
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Ohlsson C, Nethander M, Norlén AK, Poutanen M, Gudmundsson EF, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson S, Ryberg H, Gudnason V, Tivesten Å. Serum DHEA and Testosterone Levels Associate Inversely With Coronary Artery Calcification in Elderly Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3272-3279. [PMID: 37391895 PMCID: PMC10655543 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological and preclinical data support cardiovascular, mainly protective, effects of sex steroids in men, but the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular actions of sex steroids are poorly understood. Vascular calcification parallels the development of atherosclerosis, but is increasingly recognized as a diversified, highly regulated process, which itself may have pathophysiological importance for clinical cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between serum sex steroids and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in elderly men. METHODS We used gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to analyze a comprehensive sex steroid profile, including levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, estrone, testosterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone, in men from the population-based AGES-Reykjavik study (n = 1287, mean 76 years). Further, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was assayed and bioavailable hormone levels calculated. CAC score was determined by computed tomography. The main outcome measures were cross-sectional associations between dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, estrone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol and quintiles of CAC. RESULTS Serum levels of DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and bioavailable testosterone showed significant inverse associations with CAC, while estrone, estradiol, bioavailable estradiol, and SHBG did not. DHEA, testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone remained associated with CAC after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, our results support partially independent associations between adrenal-derived DHEA and testes-derived testosterone and CAC. CONCLUSION Serum levels of DHEA and testosterone are inversely associated with CAC in elderly men, partially independently from each other. These results raise the question whether androgens from both the adrenals and the testes may contribute to male cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Norlén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Thor Aspelund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Henrik Ryberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Aboloyoun H, Zaki HM, Hasaballa A, Elbadawy A. Dichotomous grouping of peripheral arterial calcification grades: A practical predictor of outcome after endovascular therapy in peripheral arterial disease. Vascular 2023:17085381231214313. [PMID: 37937717 DOI: 10.1177/17085381231214313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a general agreement that arterial calcification affects the results of endovascular therapy for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In addition to lacking evidence for their impact, existing calcification scores are complex, and not practical in everyday decision making. The global limb anatomic staging system (GLASS) adopted dichotomous grouping of calcification grades. OBJECTIVE In this study we aim to investigate the impact of peripheral arterial calcification scoring after dichotomous grouping on midterm outcomes following endovascular therapy for PAD. METHODS This prospective study included all consecutive patients with PAD indicated for endovascular therapy procedure who presented to our tertiary referral center in the period between October 2020 and October 2021. Patients were grouped into Group A (n = 40): with no-to mild calcification (PACSS grade 0,1 and 2), and Group B (n = 53): with severe calcification (PACSS grades 3 and 4). Primary endpoints included technical success rate, primary patency rates, and major adverse limb events rate (MALE) during 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS The mean age of the studied cases (n = 93) was 59.31 ± 6.46 years (range 50-75). 70 patients (75.3%) were males, and 23 (24.7%) were females. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding technical success rate (97.5% in group A versus 94.33% in Group B, p = .457). The Primary patency rate after 1 year was lower in group B (74%) compared to group A (89.7%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = .059). However, the 2-year primary patency rate was significantly lower in group B compared to group A (64% versus 84.6% respectively, p = .034). MALE rate after 2 years was significantly higher in group B (28%) as compared to group A (10.4%), P = .048. Studying suspected risk factors revealed that severe calcification was more common in patients with ischemic heart disease (34%) and chronic kidney disease (11%), P= .003 and .002 respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients suffered from IHD and those with length of lesion ≥ 5 cm are about five times more likely to have severe calcification compared to their counterparts (OR = 4.875, 95%CI = 1.293-18.383, p = .019, and OR = 4.513, 95% CI = 11.138-17.893, p = .032), respectively. CONCLUSION The presence of severe calcification is associated with significantly lower midterm primary patency rates and higher rate of major adverse limb events after endovascular intervention for lower limb denovo arterial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Aboloyoun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hazem Mohamed Zaki
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hasaballa
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elbadawy
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
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13
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Molinuevo MS, Cortizo AM, Sedlinsky C. Effects of advanced glycation end-products, diabetes and metformin on the osteoblastic transdifferentiation capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells: In vivo and in vitro studies. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108626. [PMID: 37839167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Our objective was to study the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) osteoblastic transdifferentiation in AGE exposed cells or those from diabetic animals, and its response to metformin treatment. METHODS VSMC were obtained from non-diabetic rats, grown with or without AGE; while VSMC of in vivo-ex vivo studies were obtained from non-diabetic control animals (C), diabetic (D), C treated with metformin (M) and D treated with metformin (D-M). We studied the osteoblastic differentiation by evaluating alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col) and mineral deposit. RESULTS In vitro, AGE increased proliferation, migration, and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMC. Metformin cotreatment prevented the AGE induced proliferation and migration. Both AGE and metformin stimulated the expression of ALP and Col. AGE induced mineralization was prevented by metformin. VSMC from D expressed a higher production of Col and ALP. Those from D-M showed an ALP increase vs C and M, and a partial decrease vs D. Cultured in osteogenic medium, ALP, Col and mineralization increased in D vs C, remained unchanged in M, and were prevented in D-M animals. CONCLUSION Both AGE and DM favor VSMC differentiation towards the osteogenic phenotype and this effect can be prevented by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Molinuevo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Sedlinsky
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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14
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Wang C, Ma Q, Yu X. Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1749-1767. [PMID: 37885621 PMCID: PMC10599251 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s431220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events. In addition to aging, this pathological change is associated with aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests a close association between the bile acid network and these aforementioned vascular calcification-associated conditions. Several bile acids have been proven to participate in calcium-phosphate metabolism, affecting the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and thus influencing vascular calcification. Targeting the bile acid network shows potential for ameliorating these diseases and their concomitant vascular calcification by regulating pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell differentiation. Here, we present a summary of the metabolism and functions of the bile acid network and aim to provide insights into the current research on the profound connections between the bile acid network and these vascular calcification-associated diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Yang S, Zeng Z, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xie H, Liu J. Vascular calcification: from the perspective of crosstalk. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:35. [PMID: 37851172 PMCID: PMC10584806 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, but anti-VC treatment remains an area to be tackled due to the ill-defined molecular mechanisms. Regardless of the type of VC, it does not depend on a single cell but involves multi-cells/organs to form a complex cellular communication network through the vascular microenvironment to participate in the occurrence and development of VC. Therefore, focusing only on the direct effect of pathological factors on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) tends to overlook the combined effect of other cells and VSMCs, including VSMCs-VSMCs, ECs-VMSCs, Macrophages-VSMCs, etc. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for tiny vesicles with a membrane structure that are actively secreted by cells, and almost all cells secrete EVs. EVs docked on the surface of receptor cells can directly mediate signal transduction or transfer their contents into the cell to elicit a functional response from the receptor cells. They have been proven to participate in the VC process and have also shown attractive therapeutic prospects. Based on the advantages of EVs and the ability to be detected in body fluids, they may become a novel therapeutic agent, drug delivery vehicle, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target in the future. This review focuses on the new insight into VC molecular mechanisms from the perspective of crosstalk, summarizes how multi-cells/organs interactions communicate via EVs to regulate VC and the emerging potential of EVs as therapeutic methods in VC. We also summarize preclinical experiments on crosstalk-based and the current state of clinical studies on VC-related measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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16
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Gao JW, Han JJ, Xiong ZC, Hao QY, You S, Zhang HF, Wang JF, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Lung Function Decline in Young Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Midlife. Am J Med 2023; 136:910-917.e4. [PMID: 37225117 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced lung function has been linked to cardiovascular disease, but population-based evidence on the relationship between lung function decline and coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression is rare. METHODS A total of 2694 participants (44.7% men) with a mean ± standard deviation age of 40.4 ± 3.6 years from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) were included. The rates of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over a 20-year period were calculated for each participant and categorized into quartiles. The primary outcome was CAC progression. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 8.9 years, 455 (16.9%) participants had CAC progression. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for CAC progression were higher for participants in the 2nd (Q2), 3rd (Q3), and highest quartiles (Q4) of FVC decline compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1): 1.366 (1.003-1.861), 1.412 (1.035-1.927), and 1.789 (1.318-2.428), respectively. Similar trends were observed for the association between FEV1 and CAC progression. The association remained robust across a series of sensitivity analyses and all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS A faster decline in FVC or FEV1 during young adulthood is independently associated with an increased risk of CAC progression in midlife. Maintaining optimal lung function during young adulthood may improve future cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Drueke TB, Massy ZA. Vascular calcification is accelerated by interleukin-29. Kidney Int 2023; 103:826-829. [PMID: 36773744 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman B Drueke
- Inserm Unit 1018, Team 5, CESP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris-Sud University (UPS) and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University, UVSQ), Villejuif, France.
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Inserm Unit 1018, Team 5, CESP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Paris-Sud University (UPS) and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest University, UVSQ), Villejuif, France; Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, France
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18
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Kim TI, Guzman RJ. Medial artery calcification in peripheral artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1093355. [PMID: 36776265 PMCID: PMC9909396 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1093355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial artery calcification (MAC) is a distinct, highly regulated process that is often identified in small and mid-sized arteries of the lower extremities. It is associated with advanced age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. MAC often occurs in conjunction with atherosclerotic occlusive disease in lower extremity arteries, and when seen together or in isolation, long-term limb outcomes are negatively affected. In patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), the extent of MAC independently correlates with major amputation and mortality rates, and it predicts poor outcomes after endovascular interventions. It is associated with increased arterial stiffness and decreased pedal perfusion. New endovascular methods aimed at treating calcified lower-extremity lesions may improve our ability to treat patients with limb-threatening ischemia. Although recent developments have increased our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to MAC, further investigations are needed to understand the role of medial calcification in PAD, and to develop strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner I. Kim
- Deparment of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States,The Queen’s Health Systems, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Raul J. Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Raul J. Guzman,
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Cai
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
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20
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Lee YL, Lee JD, Weng HH, Wang AN, Tsai YH. Association of Aortic Arch Calcification with Acute Ischemic Stroke Subtypes and Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:865-870. [PMID: 36603769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the aortic arch calcification (AAC) on computed tomography (CT) scans, with the goal of predicting the subtypes of patients with ischemic stroke and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Automated analysis was used to quantify AAC on CT scans. From January 2020 to March 2021, 119 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were analyzed, and the feasibility of EVT was assessed; 43 underwent the procedure. RESULTS AAC was present in 117 (98.3%) of 119 patients. There was a significant difference (P <.001) in AAC severity among all patients with ischemic stroke according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification. In patients who underwent EVT, AAC severity was significantly related to the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade, thrombectomy procedure time, and modified Rankin scale at discharge (P =.002, P =.035 and P =.015, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that severe AAC (volume, ≥1,000 mm3) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 12.1; adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI]), 2.1-36.4; P =.001) and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (adjusted OR, 9.5; adjusted 95% CI, 2.3-33.7; P =.001) were both independently associated with poor thrombolysis reperfusion rate. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of patients with ischemic stroke have AAC, the severity of which is a potential imaging marker of ischemic stroke subtypes and the outcome of EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Der Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Huei Weng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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21
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A systematic review summarizing local vascular characteristics of aneurysm wall to predict for progression and rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2023; 77:288-298.e2. [PMID: 35843510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, the rupture risk prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and, hence, the clinical decision making regarding the need for surgery, is determined by the AAA diameter and growth rate. However, these measures provide limited predictive information. In the present study, we have summarized the measures of local vascular characteristics of the aneurysm wall that, independently of AAA size, could predict for AAA progression and rupture. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science up to September 13, 2021 to identify relevant studies investigating the relationship between local vascular characteristics of the aneurysm wall and AAA growth or rupture in humans. A quality assessment was performed using the ROBINS-I (risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions) tool. All included studies were divided by four types of measures of arterial wall characteristics: metabolism, calcification, intraluminal thrombus, and compliance. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included. Metabolism of the aneurysm wall, especially when measured by ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide uptake, and calcification were significantly related to AAA growth. A higher intraluminal thrombus volume and thickness had correlated positively with the AAA growth in one study but in another study had correlated negatively. AAA compliance demonstrated no correlation with AAA growth and rupture. The aneurysmal wall characteristics showed no association with AAA rupture. However, the metabolism, measured via ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide uptake, but none of the other measures, showed a trend toward a relationship with AAA rupture, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current measures of aortic wall characteristics have the potential to predict for AAA growth, especially the measures of metabolism and calcification. Evidence regarding AAA rupture is scarce, and, although more work is needed, aortic wall metabolism could potentially be related to AAA rupture. This highlights the role of aortic wall characteristics in the progression of AAA but also has the potential to improve the prediction of AAA growth and rupture.
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22
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Yang P, Zang G, Yan Y, Zhong W, Li B, Xu Y, Shao C, Wang Z, Pu J, Yuan W. CD137-CD137L Aggravates Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Vasculature of ApoE -/- Mice Via Rab7-Mediated Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1297-1314. [PMID: 35763154 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent risk factor for acute cardiovascular events and a predictor of adverse prognosis; the abnormal fusion and degradation of autophagosomes and lysosomes are closely related to the calcification of VSMC and aortic AS plaque in ApoE-/- mice. Rab7 is a member of the Ras protein family and acts as a molecular switch in the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. In this study, we found that the activation of the CD137-CD137L signal promoted calcification by inhibiting the expression and activity of Rab7, which regulates the degradation of autophagic cargo in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and aortic atherosclerosis (AS) plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Knockdown of Rab7 impaired its tethering with the downstream molecule FYVE and coiled-coil containing 1 (FYCO1), which transports autophagosomes to lysosomes through microtubule motor kinesins and fuses with lysosomes to degrade the autophagic content. Overexpression of Rab7-alleviated calcification caused by the activation of the CD137 signaling pathway. In addition, FYCO1 knockdown promoted calcification even though the expression and activity of Rab7 were normal. Our results suggest that Rab7 is the target of CD137 signaling; Rab7 cannot interact with its downstream molecule FYCO1 when its activity and expression were inhibited by the activation of CD137 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the autophagic degradation and promoting calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, 212001, Zhenjiang, China.
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23
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Teng Y, He J, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Guan T, Pan Y, Luo X, Feng W, Ou C. Grape exosome-like nanoparticles: A potential therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025768. [PMID: 36339605 PMCID: PMC9634175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is prevalent in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and aging and has been identified as an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. With the complicated mechanisms involved in VC, there is no effective therapy. Thus, a strategy for attenuating the development of VC is of clinical importance. Recent studies suggest that grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs) are involved in cell-cell communication as a means of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are known to modulate VC development. In this review, we discuss the roles of GENs and their potential mechanisms in the development of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintong Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People’s Liberation Army of China, Kunming, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Poznyak AV, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. Atherosclerosis Specific Features in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092094. [PMID: 36140195 PMCID: PMC9495595 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease, leading to a high mortality rate worldwide. Several risk factors are known to favor atherogenesis, among which are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and others. Chronic kidney disease is another serious health problem associated with significant health care costs, morbidity, and mortality. Chronic kidney disease shares several risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease development should be considered in patients with chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, patients suffering from chronic kidney disease are more prone to cardiovascular problems than the general population. Moreover, chronic kidney disease is characterized by an increased atherosclerotic burden from the very early stages. The purpose of this review was to summarize data on atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease, highlighting the specific features of the disease combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G. Kartuesov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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25
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Li Z, Zhang J, Duan X, Zhao G, Zhang M. Celastrol: A Promising Agent Fighting against Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081597. [PMID: 36009315 PMCID: PMC9405053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; therefore, seeking effective therapeutics to reduce the global burden of CVD has become increasingly urgent. Celastrol, a bioactive compound isolated from the roots of the plant Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), has been attracting increasing research attention in recent years, as it exerts cardiovascular treatment benefits targeting both CVD and their associated risk factors. Substantial evidence has revealed a protective role of celastrol against a broad spectrum of CVD including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular injury, calcific aortic valve disease and heart failure through complicated and interlinked mechanisms such as direct protection against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, and indirect action on oxidation and inflammation. This review will mainly summarize the beneficial effects of celastrol against CVD, largely based on in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and the potential underlying mechanisms. We will also briefly discuss celastrol’s pharmacokinetic limitations, which hamper its further clinical applications, and prospective future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207848-5319; Fax: +44-207848-5193
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Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker for Spinal Fusion in Lumbar Degenerative Diseases Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164719. [PMID: 36012961 PMCID: PMC9409976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine if preoperative albumin-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with degenerative lumbar diseases undergoing lumbar fusion. Method: 326 patients undergoing posterior lumbar decompression and fusion were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative grade was calculated by summing the Pfirrmann grades of all lumbar discs. Grouping was based on the 50th percentile of cumulative grade. The relationship between AAPR, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) severity, and fusion rate was explored using correlation analyses and logistic regression models. Meanwhile, the ROC curve evaluated the discrimination ability of AAPR in predicting severe degeneration and non-fusion. Results: High AAPR levels were significantly negatively correlated with severe degeneration and non-fusion rate. A multivariate binary logistic analysis revealed that high preoperative AAPR was an independent predictor of severe degeneration and postoperative non-fusion (OR: 0.114; 95% CI: 0.027−0.482; p = 0.003; OR: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.0003−0.022; p < 0.001). The models showed excellent discrimination and calibration. The areas under the curve (AUC) of severe degeneration and non-fusion identified by AAPR were 0.635 and 0.643. Conclusion: The AAPR can help predict the severity of disc degeneration and the likelihood of non-fusion.
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27
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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28
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Rao Z, Zheng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M, Dong N, Cai Z, Li F. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:918056. [PMID: 35783850 PMCID: PMC9243238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls and is associated with many diseases, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying of VC development and pathogenesis are not fully understood, thus impeding the design of molecular-targeted therapy for VC. Recently, several studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can exacerbate VC. The ER is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation, and post-translational modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. ER stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after a disturbance in the ER environment. Therefore, downregulation of pathological ERS may attenuate VC. This review summarizes the relationship between ERS and VC, focusing on how ERS regulates the development of VC by promoting osteogenic transformation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with particular interest in the molecular mechanisms occurring in various vascular cells. We also discuss, the therapeutic effects of ERS inhibition on the progress of diseases associated with VC are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hou D, Yang X, Wang Y, Huang S, Tang Y, Wu D. Carotid Siphon Calcification Predicts the Symptomatic Progression in Branch Artery Disease With Intracranial Artery Stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1094-1101. [PMID: 35652332 PMCID: PMC9311467 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification in the aortic arch, carotid bifurcation, or siphon on computed tomography was associated with cardiovascular disease. The association between arterial calcification prevalence and progression of branch atheromatous disease (BAD) in intracranial artery atherosclerosis was little investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanlu Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (D.H., X.Y., Y.W., S.H., D.W.)
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (D.H., X.Y., Y.W., S.H., D.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (D.H., X.Y., Y.W., S.H., D.W.)
| | - Shengwen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (D.H., X.Y., Y.W., S.H., D.W.)
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (Y.T.)
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. (D.H., X.Y., Y.W., S.H., D.W.)
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30
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Regulation of biomineralization by proteoglycans: From mechanisms to application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kawai K, Sato Y, Kawakami R, Sakamoto A, Cornelissen A, Mori M, Ghosh S, Kutys R, Virmani R, Finn AV. Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI): Optimizing Care with a Multidisciplinary Approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1261-1276. [PMID: 35677616 PMCID: PMC9167688 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s251861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is very unusual to see evidence of arterial calcification in infants and children, and when detected, genetic disorders of calcium metabolism should be suspected. Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a hereditary disease, which is characterized by severe arterial calcification of medium sized arteries, mostly involving the media with marked intimal proliferation and ectopic mineralization of the extravascular tissues. It is caused by inactivating variants in genes encoding either ENPP1, in a majority of cases (70–75%), or ABCC6, in a minority (9–10%). Despite similar histologic appearances between ENPP1 and ABCC6 deficiencies, including arterial calcification, organ calcification, and cardiovascular calcification, mortality is higher in subjects carrying the ENPP1 versus ABCC6 variants (40% vs 10%, respectively). Overall mortality in individuals with GACI is high (55%) before the age of 6 months, with 24.4% dying in utero or being stillborn. Rare cases show spontaneous regression with age, while others who survive into adulthood often manifest musculoskeletal complications (osteoarthritis and interosseous membrane ossification), enthesis mineralization, and cervical spine fusion. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying this disease, there is still no ideal therapy for the resolution of vascular calcification in GACI. Although bisphosphonates with anti-calcification properties have been commonly used for the treatment of CAGI, their benefit is controversial, with favorable results reported at one year and questionable benefit with delayed initiation of treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy with administration of recombinant form of ENPP1 prevents calcification and mortality, improves hypertension and cardiac function, and prevents intimal proliferation and osteomalacia in mouse models of ENPP1 deficiency. Therefore, newer treatments targeting genes are on the horizon. In this article, we review up to date knowledge of the understanding of GACI, its clinical, pathologic, and etiologic understanding and treatment in support of more comprehensive care of GACI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Aloke V Finn, 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA, Tel +301.208.3570, Fax +301.208.3745, Email
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Relation of Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium to Dementia (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Am J Cardiol 2022; 171:69-74. [PMID: 35287946 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Baseline coronary artery calcification has been shown to be associated with dementia. However, the value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in the prediction of dementia remains unclear. In this study, we examined the association between CAC progression and dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective study consisting of 6,814 participants 45 to 84 years of age, free of overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. A total of 5,570 subjects had baseline and follow-up CAC scans approximately 2.5 years apart and were included this analysis. A total of 4,173 of these participants completed cognitive testing with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) approximately 10 years after the baseline CAC scan. Dementia diagnoses were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes from hospitalizations, death certificates, and medications used to treat dementia. The absolute change between baseline and follow-up CAC was used to assess CAC progression. Cox proportional hazards and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association of CAC progression with incident dementia and with CASI score. Over a median follow-up of 13.2 (interquartile range: 11.2 to 15.3) years, 350 participants developed incident dementia. CAC progression showed no association with dementia risk after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, vascular risk factors, and baseline CAC score. There was no association of CAC progression with CASI score in any adjusted model. In conclusion, progression of CAC over approximately 2.5 years was not associated with increased risk of dementia after adjustment for demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and baseline CAC.
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Wang X, Chen X, Chen Z, Zhang M. Arterial Calcification and Its Association With Stroke: Implication of Risk, Prognosis, Treatment Response, and Prevention. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:845215. [PMID: 35634461 PMCID: PMC9130460 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.845215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Vascular calcification (VC), defined as deposition of calcium-phosphate complexes in the vessels, is considered as the characteristic of vascular aging. Calcifications at different vessel layers have different implications. Intimal calcification is closely related to atherosclerosis and affects plaque stability, while medial calcification can cause arterial stiffening and reduce compliance. Accumulating evidence suggested that arterial calcifications, including calcifications in the intracranial artery, coronary artery, and carotid artery, are associated with the risk, prognosis, and treatment response of stroke. VC can not only serve as a marker of atherosclerosis, but cause cerebral hemodynamic impairment. In addition, calcifications in large arteries are associated with cerebral small vessel disease. In this review, we summarize the findings of recently published studies focusing on the relationship between large artery calcification and the risk, prognosis, treatment response, and prevention of stroke and also discuss possible mechanisms behind those associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinghang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Mengqi Zhang,
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Huang X, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Shi Q, Sun D, Yang J, Dai C, He W. Resveratrol ameliorates high-phosphate-induced VSMCs to osteoblast-like cells transdifferentiation and arterial medial calcification in CKD through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174953. [PMID: 35483665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to osteoblast-like cells transdifferentiation induced by high-phosphate is a crucial step in the development of arterial medial calcification (AMC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and previous studies implicate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and AMC. Given that resveratrol's ability to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in other types of cell, we tested the effect of resveratrol on high-phosphate-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and AMC in CKD. Resveratrol ameliorated AMC in rats with chronic renal failure and calcium deposition in aortic rings and VSMCs cultured in a high-phosphate environment. Resveratrol also diminished high-phosphate-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs in cultured aortic rings and VSMCs. In vitro, resveratrol attenuated the activation of β-catenin induced by high-phosphate and inhibited the expression of Runx2, a downstream effector of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Intriguingly, resveratrol inhibited high-phosphate-induced phosphorylation of LRP6 (Ser1490), but didn't inhibit Wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of LRP6 (Ser1490) and Runx2 expression. The expression of several Wnts was induced by high-phosphate, but the expression of Wnt7a, not Wnt2b and Wnt10a could be suppressed by resveratrol. In addition, the expression of both porcupine and wntless, two obligatory proteins for Wnt secretion, was induced by high-phosphate in cultured aortic rings and VSMCs, which could be suppressed by resveratrol. In summary, these findings suggest that resveratrol possesses a vascular protective effect on retarding high-phosphate-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and AMC in CKD by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may, to a large extent, via impeding Wnt secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yumei Qiu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Qinbo Shi
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Danqin Sun
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China.
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Mas-Bargues C, Borrás C, Alique M. The Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles From Senescent Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854726. [PMID: 35498012 PMCID: PMC9051028 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an irreversible pathological process associated with a loss of vascular wall function. This process occurs as a result of aging and age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, and leads to comorbidities. During these age-related diseases, the endothelium accumulates senescent cells, which stimulate calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells. Currently, vascular calcification is a silent pathology, and there are no early diagnostic tools. Therefore, by the time vascular calcification is diagnosed, it is usually untreatable. Some mediators, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular vesicles, are inducers and promoters of vascular calcification. They play a crucial role during vascular generation and the progression of vascular calcification. Extracellular vesicles, mainly derived from injured endothelial cells that have acquired a senescent phenotype, contribute to calcification in a manner mostly dependent on two factors: (1) the number of extracellular vesicles released, and (2) their cargo. In this review, we present state-of-the-art knowledge on the composition and functions of extracellular vesicles involved in the generation and progression of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Grupo de Investigación Freshage, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Grupo de Investigación Freshage, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Consuelo Borrás,
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Matilde Alique,
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Jerdy H, Werneck M, Barbosa L, Hauser-Davis RA, De-Oliveira-Nogueira CH, da Silveira LS. First report on Phyllobothrium delphini infection and Crassicauda sp. parasitism resulting in osseous metaplasia in a Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) from the Brazilian region. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:60-64. [PMID: 34984168 PMCID: PMC8693148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A female Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) specimen measuring 580 cm in length died after being stranded in Southeastern Brazil. Following a necropsy, organ samples were obtained, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and histopathologically analyzed. A severe and generalized hypodermis infection by Phyllobothrium delphini (Phyllobothriidae) was observed, resulting in granulomatous panniculitis. Severe renal and arterial lesions were also noted, including a severe bone metaplasia in the aorta artery, associated with a massive infection by Crassicauda sp, (Tetrameridae). A significant thoracic hemorrhage due to thoracic aorta artery rupture was noted, also likely due to this infection, resulting in a fatal injury. This study contributes towards knowledge on histopathologic changes in the scarcely studied Cuvier's Beaked Whale, is the first to associate a Crassicauda sp. infection in this whale species in the Brazilian region and also the first to indicate a resulting osseous metaplasia due to this parasitism and granulomatous dermatitis associated with Phyllobothrium delphini. Furthermore, this is also, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of Phyllobothrium delphini cysts in a Ziphius cavirostris specimen to date. A new record of Phyllobothrium delphini in Ziphius cavirostris is reported. Detailed Phyllobothrium delphini cyst lesions images are provided. Rare bone metaplasia is reported for the first time for Ziphius cavirostris. Bone metaplasia was associated to Crassicauda sp. infection. This is only the second bone metaplasia report described for cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Jerdy
- ORCA Institute, Rua José Barcellos de Mattos, 603 B, Parque Areia Preta, Guarapari, ES, Cep 29200-720, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Max Werneck
- Instituto BW, Est. da Praia Seca n, 12.143 (L. 41), CEP 28.970-000, Paia Seca, Araruama, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lupercio Barbosa
- ORCA Institute, Rua José Barcellos de Mattos, 603 B, Parque Areia Preta, Guarapari, ES, Cep 29200-720, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Mao W, Fan Y, Wang X, Feng G, You Y, Li H, Chen Y, Yang J, Weng H, Shen X. Phloretin ameliorates diabetes-induced endothelial injury through AMPK-dependent anti-EndMT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hiramatsu-Asano S, Mukai T, Akagi T, Uchida HA, Fujita S, Nakano K, Morita Y. IL-17A promotes vascular calcification in an ex vivo murine aorta culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:83-87. [PMID: 35303683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is characterized by mineral deposition in the vasculature, which is triggered by chronic systemic inflammation, including psoriasis. Psoriasis is an IL-17A-mediated inflammatory skin disease that is associated with exacerbated vascular calcification and high cardiovascular mortality. Although previous studies have shown that IL-17A induces vascular dysfunction in murine psoriasis models, it has not been clarified whether IL-17A induces vascular calcification. In this study, we investigated the potential vascular calcification-inducing effect of IL-17A in an ex vivo culture system. METHODS Thoracic and abdominal aortas from mice were cultured in a medium supplemented with inorganic phosphate and were treated with inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A). Vascular calcification was determined using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analyses. RESULTS IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 did not significantly promote vascular calcification, whereas IL-17A significantly accelerated vascular calcification of the aorta, as indicated by the increased mineralized volume based on micro-CT analysis. Micro-CT and histological analyses also revealed that the promoting effect of IL-17A on vascular calcification was concentration dependent. CONCLUSIONS IL-17A significantly promoted vascular calcification in ex vivo cultured aortas, which suggests that this mechanism is involved in the increased risk of cardiovascular events in IL-17A-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Hiramatsu-Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mukai
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan; Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Akagi
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Haruhito A Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Morita
- Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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Li T, Yu H, Zhang D, Feng T, Miao M, Li J, Liu X. Matrix Vesicles as a Therapeutic Target for Vascular Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825622. [PMID: 35127686 PMCID: PMC8814528 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. It is a cell-active process regulated by vascular cells rather than pure passive calcium (Ca) deposition. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted extensive attention because of their essential role in the process of VC. Matrix vesicles (MVs), one type of EVs, are especially critical in extracellular matrix mineralization and the early stages of the development of VC. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have the potential to undergo phenotypic transformation and to serve as a nucleation site for hydroxyapatite crystals upon extracellular stimulation. However, it is not clear what underlying mechanism that MVs drive the VSMCs phenotype switching and to result in calcification. This article aims to review the detailed role of MVs in the progression of VC and compare the difference with other major drivers of calcification, including aging, uremia, mechanical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We will also bring attention to the novel findings in the isolation and characterization of MVs, and the therapeutic application of MVs in VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael Miao
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Li, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Li, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
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40
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Chang X, Hao J, Wang X, Liu J, Ni J, Hao L. The Role of AIF-1 in the Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Calcification Related to Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence From Mice Model and Cell Co-Culture Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917356. [PMID: 35937793 PMCID: PMC9347268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that aldosterone (Aldo) plays an essential role in vascular calcification which is a serious threat to cardiovascular disease (CVD) developed from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the exact pathogenesis of vascular calcification is still unclear. First, we established CKD-associated vascular calcification mice model and knockout mice model to investigate the causal relationship between allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and vascular calcification. Then, endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) co-culture experiments were performed to further explore the mechanisms of calcification. The results of the Aldo intervention mice model and transgenic mice model showed that Aldo could cause calcification by increasing the AIF-1 level. The results of in vitro co-culture model of ECs and VSMCs showed that AIF-1 silence in ECs may alleviate Aldo-induced calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, our study indicated that Aldo may induce vascular calcification related to chronic renal failure via the AIF-1 pathway which may provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianbing Hao
- Department of Nephropathy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Hao, ; Jie Ni,
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Ramos AP, Sebinelli HG, Ciancaglini P, Rosato N, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Millán JL, Bottini M. The functional role of soluble proteins acquired by extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e34. [PMID: 38938684 PMCID: PMC11080634 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized particles released by all cell types during physiological as well as pathophysiological processes to carry out diverse biological functions, including acting as sources of cellular dumping, signalosomes and mineralisation nanoreactors. The ability of EVs to perform specific biological functions is due to their biochemical machinery. Among the components of the EVs' biochemical machinery, surface proteins are of critical functional significance as they mediate the interactions of EVs with components of the extracellular milieu, the extracellular matrix and neighbouring cells. Surface proteins are thought to be native, that is, pre-assembled on the EVs' surface by the parent cells before the vesicles are released. However, numerous pieces of evidence have suggested that soluble proteins are acquired by the EVs' surface from the extracellular milieu and further modulate the biological functions of EVs during innate and adaptive immune responses, autoimmune disorders, complement activation, coagulation, viral infection and biomineralisation. Herein, we will describe the methods currently used to identify the EVs' surface proteins and discuss recent knowledge on the functional relevance of the soluble proteins acquired by EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Heitor Gobbi Sebinelli
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Dipartimento di Medicina SperimentaleUniversita’ di Roma “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Saida Mebarek
- ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246UFR BiosciencesUniversité Lyon 1Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Rene Buchet
- ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246UFR BiosciencesUniversité Lyon 1Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | | | - Massimo Bottini
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de FilosofiaCiências e Letras de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP‐USP)Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
- Sanford Burnham PrebysLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Congenital Tricuspid Valve Calcification Necessitating Neonatal Surgical Intervention. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:e165-e167. [PMID: 34968447 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of isolated idiopathic congenital tricuspid valve calcification which necessitated urgent neonatal surgical intervention. Hemodynamic analysis revealed circular shunt caused by severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation and a hypoplastic right ventricle. The patient successfully underwent tricuspid valve repair at postnatal Day 10. Although intervention for neonatal tricuspid valve is challenging, hemodynamic evaluation and early surgical intervention are necessary in patients with this rare cardiac calcification.
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Jayaswal SK, Makwana R, Mehra S, Shetty V. Unusual case of dystrophic calcification and thrombosis of an extra-anatomical graft in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X211056744. [PMID: 34777810 PMCID: PMC8581774 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211056744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a thrombotic occlusion of an extra-anatomical aortic bypass graft performed 37 years ago in a 46-year-old male with Takayasu’s arteritis. He presented with uncontrolled upper body hypertension, claudication pain in both the lower limbs, and kidney dysfunction which returned to normal post-surgery. On table we found a pseudoaneurysm at the proximal anastomosis along with calcification of the capsular tissue surrounding the graft. We attempt to explain the mechanism behind the graft occlusion, along with management of this late surgical complication which has not been described in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumar Jayaswal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rohan Makwana
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Siddhant Mehra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Varun Shetty
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Dextromethorphan Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Uremic Artery Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212277. [PMID: 34830159 PMCID: PMC8623041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a key factor contributing to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with osteogenic transdifferentiation play a role in vascular calcification. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcified-medium-induced calcification of VSMCs. This study investigates the effects of dextromethorphan (DXM), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on vascular calcification. We used in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the effect of DXM on artery changes in the presence of hyperphosphatemia. The anti-vascular calcification effect of DXM was tested in adenine-fed Wistar rats. High-phosphate medium induced ROS production and calcification of VSMCs. DXM significantly attenuated the increase in ROS production, the decrease in ATP, and mitochondria membrane potential during the calcified-medium-induced VSMC calcification process (p < 0.05). The protective effect of DXM in calcified-medium-induced VSMC calcification was not further increased by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, indicating that NADPH oxidase mediates the effect of DXM. Furthermore, DXM decreased aortic calcification in Wistar rats with CKD. Our results suggest that treatment with DXM can attenuate vascular oxidative stress and ameliorate vascular calcification.
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45
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Feng L, Que D, Li Z, Zhong X, Yan J, Wei J, Zhang X, Yang P, Ou C, Chen M. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease by targeting AKT signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2483-2502. [PMID: 34643227 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is characterized by transdifferentiation from contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into an osteogenic phenotype. However, no effective and therapeutic option to prevent vascular calcification is yet available. Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a bioactive flavonoid isolated from Ampelopsis grossedentata, has been found to inhibit VSMCs proliferation and the injury-induced neointimal formation. However, whether DMY has an effect on osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification is still unclear. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of DMY on vascular calcification in CKD and the underlying mechanism. DMY treatment significantly attenuated calcium/phosphate-induced calcification of rat and human VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by Alizarin Red S staining and calcium content assay, associated with down-regulation of osteogenic markers including type I collagen (COL I), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and osteocalcin (OCN). These results were further confirmed in aortic rings ex vivo. Moreover, DMY ameliorated vascular calcification in rats with CKD. Additionally, we found that AKT signaling was activated during vascular calcification, whereas significantly inhibited by DMY administration. DMY treatment significantly reversed AKT activator-induced vascular calcification. Furthermore, inhibition of AKT signaling efficiently attenuated calcification, which was similar to that after treatment with DMY alone, and DMY had a better inhibitory effect on calcification as compared with AKT inhibitor. The present study demonstrated that DMY has a potent inhibitory role in vascular calcification partially by inhibiting AKT activation, suggesting that DMY may act as a promising therapeutic candidate for patients suffering from vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/etiology
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flavonols/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/enzymology
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Que
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingzhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Detection of Herbal Combinations and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Clinical Prescriptions for Coronary Heart Disease Using Data Mining and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9234984. [PMID: 34725557 PMCID: PMC8557045 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9234984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Though widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still unclear because of its complex prescription rules. This study prospectively collected 715 prescriptions of TCM for the treatment of CHD. The characteristics of TCM in prescriptions were described and analyzed, and the rules of prescriptions were analyzed by using association rules. Frequency statistics showed that the high-frequency herbs with a frequency of more than 60% were Gan-cao, Huang-qi, Dang-gui, Chuan-xiong, Yan-hu-suo, and San-qi. The high-frequency herb combinations were summarized by using association rules. By using the method of the “Top N groups” to excavate the empirical prescriptions, the basic prescriptions for treating CHD were summarized. We named the intersection herbs of the basic prescriptions and the high frequency herbs as the core herbal prescription. To explore the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-CHD effect of the core herbal prescription, the bioactive components of core herbal prescription and their targets were screened out by using network pharmacology. Molecular docking was performed between the bioactive components and core targets. A total of 28 potential active ingredients and 5 core targets were identified for the treatment of CHD with core herbal prescription. The enrichment analysis results indicated that the mechanism of action mainly involved neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and calcium signaling pathway. The commonly used herbal pairs for CHD with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were Huang-qi and Dang-gui. The mechanism of action of common herbal pairs was also studied by network pharmacology. This study summarized the prescription rule of TCM in the treatment of CHD and may provide a new idea for the treatment of CHD.
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Lysitska A, Galanis N, Skandalos I, Nikolaidou C, Briza S, Fylaktou A, Lioulios G, Mitsoglou Z, Papadopoulou D, Antoniadis N, Papagianni A, Stangou M. Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111156. [PMID: 34833374 PMCID: PMC8619577 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: recent studies suggest an implication of immune mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease. In this paper, the interaction between inflammation, calcification, and atherosclerosis on the vessel walls of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described and evaluated. Materials and Methods: patients with stage V CKD, either on pre-dialysis (group A) or on hemodialysis (HD) for at least 2 years (group B), in whom a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) was created, were included in the study. The control group included healthy volunteers who received radial artery surgery after an accident. The expressions of inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, and vascular calcification regulators on the vascular wall were estimated, and, moreover, morphometric analysis was performed. Results: the expressions of CD68(+) cells, matrix carboxyglutamic acid proteins (MGPs), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), were significantly increased in CKD patients compared to the controls p = 0.02; p = 0.006; p = 0.01; and p = 0.006, respectively. In morphometric analysis, the I/M and L/I ratios had significant differences between CKD patients and the controls 0.3534 ± 0.20 vs. 0.1520 ± 0.865, p = 0.003, and 2.1709 ± 1.568 vs. 4.9958 ± 3.2975, p = 0.03, respectively. The independent variables correlated with the degree of vascular calcification were the intensity of CD34(+), aSMA(+) cells, and OPG, R2 = 0.76, p < 0.0001, and, with intima-media thickness (IMT), the severity of RANKL expression R2 = 0.3, p < 0.0001. Conclusion: atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in CKD seem to be strongly regulated by an immunological and inflammatory activation on the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lysitska
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Nikiforos Galanis
- Department of Orhtopediscs, Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Skandalos
- Department of Surgery, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christina Nikolaidou
- Department of Pathology, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sophia Briza
- Departure of Architecture, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Lioulios
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Zoi Mitsoglou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Dorothea Papadopoulou
- Department of Nephrology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.L.); (Z.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+30-6944820624
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Vogl BJ, Niemi NR, Griffiths LG, Alkhouli MA, Hatoum H. Impact of calcific aortic valve disease on valve mechanics. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 21:55-77. [PMID: 34687365 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aortic valve is a highly dynamic structure characterized by a transvalvular flow that is unsteady, pulsatile, and characterized by episodes of forward and reverse flow patterns. Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) resulting in compromised valve function and increased pressure overload on the ventricle potentially leading to heart failure if untreated, is the most predominant valve disease. CAVD is a multi-factorial disease involving molecular, tissue and mechanical interactions. In this review, we aim at recapitulating the biomechanical loads on the aortic valve, summarizing the current and most recent research in the field in vitro, in-silico, and in vivo, and offering a clinical perspective on current strategies adopted to mitigate or approach CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Vogl
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Nicholas R Niemi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Hoda Hatoum
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA. .,Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA. .,Center of Biocomputing and Digital Health, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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Su YC, Chung CH, Ke MJ, Chen LC, Chien WC, Wu YT. Increased risk of shoulder calcific tendinopathy in diabetes mellitus: A nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14549. [PMID: 34142423 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff is a common cause of painful disability in the shoulder with unclear aetiology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with calcific tendinopathy; however, large epidemiological data are lacking. Thus, we conducted a nationwide population-based matched cohort study to investigate the risk for calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder in diabetic patients. METHODS The National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan was used to include 42 915 patients newly diagnosed with DM between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 and randomly extract the data of 171 660 individuals, as a matched control group. All individuals were followed-up until the development of calcific tendinopathy or the end of 2015. RESULTS Overall, 122 patients from the DM group (0.284%) developed calcific tendinopathy compared with 340 individuals from the non-DM group (0.198%). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with DM had a higher risk of calcific tendinopathy since the eighth year of follow-up (log-rank test, P = .006). Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio of calcific tendinopathy in diabetic patients to that in non-diabetic patients was 1.276 (95% confidence interval 1.037-1.571, P = .002). Moreover, the stratified analysis disclosed that DM was a strong independent risk factor for calcific tendinopathy irrespective of the existing comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that patients with DM had a 27% increased risk of developing calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder, 8 years after initially being diagnosed with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Understanding the Stony Bridge between Osteoporosis and Vascular Calcification: Impact of the FGF23/Klotho axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7536614. [PMID: 34539972 PMCID: PMC8448600 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7536614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) is now proposed. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of them. Fibroblast growth factor- (FGF-) 23 and Klotho are hormones associated with the metabolic axis of osteovascular metabolism. Most recently, it was suggested that the FGF23-klotho axis is associated with increasing incidence of fractures and is potentially involved in the progression of the aortic-brachial stiffness ratio. Herein, we discussed the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in the pathophysiology of OP and VC. We want to provide an update review in order to allow a better understanding of the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in comorbidity of OP and VC. We believe that a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing new therapeutic targets for reducing the increasing prevalence of OP and VC in the aging population.
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