1
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Hart TM, Sonnert ND, Tang X, Chaurasia R, Allen PE, Hunt JR, Read CB, Johnson EE, Arora G, Dai Y, Cui Y, Chuang YM, Yu Q, Rahman MS, Mendes MT, Rolandelli A, Singh P, Tripathi AK, Ben Mamoun C, Caimano MJ, Radolf JD, Lin YP, Fingerle V, Margos G, Pal U, Johnson RM, Pedra JHF, Azad AF, Salje J, Dimopoulos G, Vinetz JM, Carlyon JA, Palm NW, Fikrig E, Ring AM. An atlas of human vector-borne microbe interactions reveals pathogenicity mechanisms. Cell 2024; 187:4113-4127.e13. [PMID: 38876107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide and pose a substantial unmet medical need. Pathogens binding to host extracellular proteins (the "exoproteome") represents a crucial interface in the etiology of vector-borne disease. Here, we used bacterial selection to elucidate host-microbe interactions in high throughput (BASEHIT)-a technique enabling interrogation of microbial interactions with 3,324 human exoproteins-to profile the interactomes of 82 human-pathogen samples, including 30 strains of arthropod-borne pathogens and 8 strains of related non-vector-borne pathogens. The resulting atlas revealed 1,303 putative interactions, including hundreds of pairings with potential roles in pathogenesis, including cell invasion, tissue colonization, immune evasion, and host sensing. Subsequent functional investigations uncovered that Lyme disease spirochetes recognize epidermal growth factor as an environmental cue of transcriptional regulation and that conserved interactions between intracellular pathogens and thioredoxins facilitate cell invasion. In summary, this interactome atlas provides molecular-level insights into microbial pathogenesis and reveals potential host-directed targets for next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nicole D Sonnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaotian Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Reetika Chaurasia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Paige E Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jason R Hunt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Curtis B Read
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Emily E Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - M Sayeedur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Tays Mendes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Abhai K Tripathi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Melissa J Caimano
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Justin D Radolf
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Volker Fingerle
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Munich 85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gabriele Margos
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Munich 85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Raymond M Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joao H F Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdu F Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeanne Salje
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Jason A Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Liu Y, Luo J, Peng L, Zhang Q, Rong X, Luo Y, Li J. Flavonoids: Potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32563. [PMID: 38975137 PMCID: PMC11225753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are found in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of many plant taxa. They are related to plant growth and development, pigment formation, and protection against environmental stress. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system by modulating classical inflammatory response pathways, such as the TLR4-NF-ĸB, PI3K-AKT, and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways. There is increasing evidence for the therapeutic effects of flavonoids on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. The potential clinical value of flavonoids for diseases of the cardiovascular system has been widely explored. For example, studies have evaluated the roles of flavonoids in the regulation of blood pressure via endothelium-dependent and non-endothelium-dependent pathways and in the regulation of myocardial systolic and diastolic functions by influencing calcium homeostasis and smooth muscle-related protein expression. Flavonoids also have hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-platelet, autophagy, and antibacterial effects. In this paper, the role and mechanism of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases were reviewed in order to provide reference for the clinical application of flavonoids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, China
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Revert-Ros F, Ventura I, Prieto-Ruiz JA, Hernández-Andreu JM, Revert F. The Versatility of Collagen in Pharmacology: Targeting Collagen, Targeting with Collagen. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6523. [PMID: 38928229 PMCID: PMC11203716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagen, a versatile family of proteins with 28 members and 44 genes, is pivotal in maintaining tissue integrity and function. It plays a crucial role in physiological processes like wound healing, hemostasis, and pathological conditions such as fibrosis and cancer. Collagen is a target in these processes. Direct methods for collagen modulation include enzymatic breakdown and molecular binding approaches. For instance, Clostridium histolyticum collagenase is effective in treating localized fibrosis. Polypeptides like collagen-binding domains offer promising avenues for tumor-specific immunotherapy and drug delivery. Indirect targeting of collagen involves regulating cellular processes essential for its synthesis and maturation, such as translation regulation and microRNA activity. Enzymes involved in collagen modification, such as prolyl-hydroxylases or lysyl-oxidases, are also indirect therapeutic targets. From another perspective, collagen is also a natural source of drugs. Enzymatic degradation of collagen generates bioactive fragments known as matrikines and matricryptins, which exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. Overall, collagen-derived peptides present significant therapeutic potential beyond tissue repair, offering various strategies for treating fibrosis, cancer, and genetic disorders. Continued research into specific collagen targeting and the application of collagen and its derivatives may lead to the development of novel treatments for a range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Revert
- Mitochondrial and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (F.R.-R.); (I.V.); (J.A.P.-R.); (J.M.H.-A.)
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Tanaka LY, Kumar S, Gutierre LF, Magnun C, Kajihara D, Kang DW, Laurindo FRM, Jo H. Disturbed flow regulates protein disulfide isomerase A1 expression via microRNA-204. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1327794. [PMID: 38638277 PMCID: PMC11024637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox processes can modulate vascular pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is overexpressed during vascular proliferative diseases, regulating thrombus formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation, and structural remodeling. However, both protective and deleterious vascular effects have been reported for PDIA1, depending on the cell type and underlying vascular condition. Further understanding of this question is hampered by the poorly studied mechanisms underlying PDIA1 expression regulation. Here, we showed that PDIA1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated (average 5-fold) in the intima and media/adventitia following partial carotid ligation (PCL). Our search identified that miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p (miR-204/211), two broadly conserved miRNAs, share PDIA1 as a potential target. MiR-204/211 was downregulated in vascular layers following PCL. In isolated endothelial cells, gain-of-function experiments of miR-204 with miR mimic decreased PDIA1 mRNA while having negligible effects on markers of endothelial activation/stress response. Similar effects were observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, PDIA1 downregulation by miR-204 decreased levels of the VSMC contractile differentiation markers. In addition, PDIA1 overexpression prevented VSMC dedifferentiation by miR-204. Collectively, we report a new mechanism for PDIA1 regulation through miR-204 and identify its relevance in a model of vascular disease playing a role in VSMC differentiation. This mechanism may be regulated in distinct stages of atherosclerosis and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lucas F. Gutierre
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Magnun
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Gawaz M, Geisler T, Borst O. Current concepts and novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 37016032 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have a crucial role in haemostasis and atherothrombosis. Pharmacological control of platelet hyper-reactivity has become a cornerstone in the prevention of thrombo-ischaemic complications in atherosclerotic diseases. Current antiplatelet therapies substantially improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, but at the cost of increased risk of bleeding. Beyond their role in thrombosis, platelets are known to regulate inflammatory (thrombo-inflammatory) and microcirculatory pathways. Therefore, controlling platelet hyper-reactivity might have implications for both tissue inflammation (myocardial ischaemia) and vascular inflammation (vulnerable plaque formation) to prevent atherosclerosis. In this Review, we summarize the pathophysiological role of platelets in acute myocardial ischaemia, vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic progression. Furthermore, we highlight current clinical concepts of antiplatelet therapy that have contributed to improving patient care and have facilitated more individualized therapy. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets and compounds for antiplatelet therapy that are currently in preclinical development, some of which have a more favourable safety profile than currently approved drugs with regard to bleeding risk. These novel antiplatelet targets might offer new strategies to treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Leidecker M, Bertling A, Hussain M, Bischoff M, Eble JA, Fender AC, Jurk K, Rumpf C, Herrmann M, Kehrel BE, Niemann S. Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Extracellular Adherence Protein Cooperatively Potentiate Staphylococcal Invasion into Endothelial Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0388622. [PMID: 36995240 PMCID: PMC10269700 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03886-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of host cells is an important feature of Staphylococcus aureus. The main internalization pathway involves binding of the bacteria to host cells, e.g., endothelial cells, via a fibronectin (Fn) bridge between S. aureus Fn binding proteins and α5β1-integrin, followed by phagocytosis. The secreted extracellular adherence protein (Eap) has been shown to promote this cellular uptake pathway of not only S. aureus, but also of bacteria otherwise poorly taken up by host cells, such as Staphylococcus carnosus. The exact mechanisms are still unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that Eap induces platelet activation by stimulation of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a catalyst of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here, we show that Eap promotes PDI activity on the surface of endothelial cells, and that this contributes critically to Eap-driven staphylococcal invasion. PDI-stimulated β1-integrin activation followed by increased Fn binding to host cells likely accounts for the Eap-enhanced uptake of S. aureus into non-professional phagocytes. Additionally, Eap supports the binding of S. carnosus to Fn-α5β1 integrin, thereby allowing its uptake into endothelial cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that PDI is crucial for the uptake of bacteria into host cells. We describe a hitherto unknown function of Eap-the promotion of an enzymatic activity with subsequent enhancement of bacterial uptake-and thus broaden mechanistic insights into its importance as a driver of bacterial pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus can invade and persist in non-professional phagocytes, thereby escaping host defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatment. The intracellular lifestyle of S. aureus contributes to the development of infection, e.g., in infective endocarditis or chronic osteomyelitis. The extracellular adherence protein secreted by S. aureus promotes its own internalization as well as that of bacteria that are otherwise poorly taken up by host cells, such as Staphylococcus carnosus. In our study, we demonstrate that staphylococcal uptake by endothelial cells requires catalytic disulfide exchange activity by the cell-surface protein disulfide isomerase, and that this critical enzymatic function is enhanced by Eap. The therapeutic application of PDI inhibitors has previously been investigated in the context of thrombosis and hypercoagulability. Our results add another intriguing possibility: therapeutically targeting PDI, i.e., as a candidate approach to modulate the initiation and/or course of S. aureus infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Leidecker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Bertling
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anke C. Fender
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Rumpf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beate E. Kehrel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Changing Perspectives from Oxidative Stress to Redox Signaling-Extracellular Redox Control in Translational Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061181. [PMID: 35740078 PMCID: PMC9228063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has changed the understanding of oxidative stress that has been linked to every major disease. Today we distinguish oxidative eu- and distress, acknowledging that redox modifications are crucial for signal transduction in the form of specific thiol switches. Long underestimated, reactive species and redox proteins of the Thioredoxin (Trx) family are indeed essential for physiological processes. Moreover, extracellular redox proteins, low molecular weight thiols and thiol switches affect signal transduction and cell–cell communication. Here, we highlight the impact of extracellular redox regulation for health, intermediate pathophenotypes and disease. Of note, recent advances allow the analysis of redox changes in body fluids without using invasive and expensive techniques. With this new knowledge in redox biochemistry, translational strategies can lead to innovative new preventive and diagnostic tools and treatments in life sciences and medicine.
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Inhibitory effects of Syzygium jambos extract on biomarkers of endothelial cell activation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35392889 PMCID: PMC8988540 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disordered endothelial cell activation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cancer, sepsis, viral infections, and inflammatory responses. There is interest in developing novel therapeutics to regulate endothelial cell function in atherothrombotic, metabolic, vascular, and hematological diseases. Extracts from leaves of the Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (S. jambos) trees have been proposed to treat cardiovascular diseases and diabetes through unclear mechanisms. We investigated the effects of the S. jambos extract on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and immune responses in the human endothelial cell line, EA.hy926. Methods Leaves of S. jambos were collected, concocted and lyophilized. To study the effects of S. jambos on endothelial cell activation, we used the human endothelial cell line. IL-6 levels were measured using qPCR and ELISA. PDI activity was measured using Insulin Turbidity and Di-E-GSSG assays. CM-H2DCFDA was used to study ROS levels. Migration assay was used to study S. jambos effect on ex vivo human polymorphonuclear and human mononuclear cells. Results Our results show that incubation of EA.hy926 cells with ET-1 led to a 6.5 ± 1.6 fold increase in IL-6 expression by qPCR, an event that was blocked by S. jambos. Also, we observed that ET-1 increased extracellular protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity that was likewise dose-dependently blocked by S. jambos (IC50 = 14 μg/mL). Consistent with these observations, ET-1 stimulated ex vivo human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell migration that also was dose-dependently blocked by S. jambos. In addition, ET-1 stimulation led to significant increases in ROS production that were sensitive to S. jambos. Conclusion Our results suggest that the S. jambos extract represents a novel cardiovascular protective pharmacological approach to regulate endothelial cell activation, IL-6 expression, and immune-cell responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03572-7.
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Wang M, Zhang W, Liu Y, Ma Z, Xiang W, Wen Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Li Y, Li T, Chen L, Zhou J. PDIA4 promotes glioblastoma progression via the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:83-90. [PMID: 35131603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase A4 (PDIA4) is highly expressed in clear cell ovarian carcinoma and lung cancer. Through analysis of TCGA database and CGGA database, we noted that PDIA4 is a key promotor of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the detailed role and molecular mechanism of PDIA4 in GBM remain unclear. In this study, the expression pattern and biological role of PDIA4 in GBM was investigated. PDIA4 was overexpressed in GBM tumor samples and cell lines and positively correlated with pathological grades in glioma patients. In addition, downregulation of PDIA4 promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of GBM. Meanwhile, there was a concurrent decrease in aerobic glycolysis metabolites. Mechanistically, PDIA4 downregulation promoted the apoptosis of GBM cells by increased the expression of apoptosis pathway proteins (caspase 3, caspase 9 and Bax). Downregulation of PDIA4 decreased energy demand and inhibited GBM growth in vitro and in vivo. Besides, such effect also inhibited the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR pathway by inhibiting protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and m-TOR. After addition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activator 740Y-P, the effect of PDIA4 knockdown on GBM was reversed. Therefore, we believe that PDIA4 regulates the proliferation via activating the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR pathway and suppression of apoptosis in glioblastoma. It could be used as a potential target for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Yeming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China.
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10
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Sachetto ATA, Miyamoto JG, Tashima AK, de Souza AO, Santoro ML. The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828269. [PMID: 35264963 PMCID: PMC8899467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (BjV) is a complex mixture of molecules, and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP) are the most abundant protein families found therein. Toxins present in BjV trigger most of the deleterious disturbances in hemostasis observed in snakebites, i.e., thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and bleedings. The treatment of patients bitten by snakes still poses challenges and the bioflavonoid rutin has already been shown to improve hemostasis in an experimental model of snakebite envenomation. However, rutin is poorly soluble in water; in this study, it was succinylated to generate its water-soluble form, rutin succinate (RS), which was analyzed comparatively regarding the chemical structure and characteristic features of rutin. Biological activities of rutin and RS were compared on hemostatic parameters, and against toxic activities of crude BjV in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with either BjV alone or pre-incubated with rutin, RS or 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phe, an SVMP inhibitor), and the survival rates and hemostatic parameters were analyzed 48 h after envenomation. RS showed the characteristic activities described for rutin – i.e., antioxidant and inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase – but also prolonged the clotting time of fibrinogen and plasma in vitro. Differently from rutin, RS inhibited typical proteolytic activities of SVMP, as well as the coagulant activity of BjV. Importantly, both rutin and RS completely abrogated the lethal activity of BjV, in the same degree as o-phe. BjV induced hemorrhages, falls in RBC counts, thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in mice. Rutin and RS also improved the recovery of platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, and the development of hemorrhages was totally blocked in mice injected with BjV incubated with RS. In conclusion, RS has anticoagulant properties and is a novel SVMP inhibitor. Rutin and RS showed different mechanisms of action on hemostasis. Only RS inhibited directly BjV biological activities, even though both flavonoids neutralized B. jararaca toxicity in vivo. Our results showed clearly that rutin and RS show a great potential to be used as therapeutic compounds for snakebite envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson Gabriel Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Olívia de Souza
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Arsiccio A, Metcalfe C, Pisano R, Raut S, Coxon C. A proximity-based in silico approach to identify redox-labile disulfide bonds: The example of FVIII. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262409. [PMID: 35130281 PMCID: PMC8820644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric disulfide bonds permit highly responsive, transient 'switch-like' properties that are ideal for processes like coagulation and inflammation that require rapid and localised responses to damage or injury. Haemophilia A (HA) is a rare bleeding disorder managed with exogenous coagulation factor(F) VIII products. FVIII has eight disulfide bonds and is known to be redox labile, but it is not known how reduction/oxidation affects the structure-function relationship, or its immunogenicity-a serious complication for 30% severe HA patients. Understanding how redox-mediated changes influence FVIII can inform molecular engineering strategies aimed at improving activity and stability, and reducing immunogenicity. FVIII is a challenging molecule to work with owing to its poor expression and instability so, in a proof-of-concept study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) to identify which disulfide bonds were most likely to be reduced and how this would affect structure/function; results were then experimentally verified. MD identified Cys1899-Cys1903 disulfide as the most likely to undergo reduction based on energy and proximity criteria. Further MD suggested this reduction led to a more open conformation. Here we present our findings and highlight the value of MD approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arsiccio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Clive Metcalfe
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sanj Raut
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Coxon
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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12
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Chichiarelli S, Altieri F, Paglia G, Rubini E, Minacori M, Eufemi M. ERp57/PDIA3: new insight. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:12. [PMID: 35109791 PMCID: PMC8809632 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERp57/PDIA3 protein is a pleiotropic member of the PDIs family and, although predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has indeed been found in other cellular compartments, such as the nucleus or the cell membrane. ERp57/PDIA3 is an important research target considering it can be found in various subcellular locations. This protein is involved in many different physiological and pathological processes, and our review describes new data on its functions and summarizes some ligands identified as PDIA3-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Enrico Ed Enrica Sovena" Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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13
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Wang L, Wang X, Lv X, Jin Q, Shang H, Wang CC, Wang L. The extracellular Ero1α/PDI electron transport system regulates platelet function by increasing glutathione reduction potential. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102244. [PMID: 35077997 PMCID: PMC8792282 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an oxidoreductase, possesses two vicinal cysteines in the -Cys-Gly-His-Cys-motif that either form a disulfide bridge (S–S) or exist in a sulfhydryl form (-SH), forming oxidized or reduced PDI, respectively. PDI has been proven to be critical for platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and hemostasis, and PDI inhibition is being evaluated as a novel antithrombotic strategy. The redox states of functional PDI during the regulation of platelet aggregation, however, remain to be elucidated. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) and PDI constitute the pivotal oxidative folding pathway in the ER and play an important role in ER redox homeostasis. Whether Ero1α and PDI constitute an extracellular electron transport pathway to mediate platelet aggregation is an open question. Here, we found that oxidized but not reduced PDI promotes platelet aggregation. On the platelet surface, Ero1α constitutively oxidizes PDI and further regulates platelet aggregation in a glutathione-dependent manner. The Ero1α/PDI system oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) and establishes a reduction potential optimal for platelet aggregation. Therefore, platelet aggregation is mediated by the Ero1α-PDI-GSH electron transport system on the platelet surface. We further showed that targeting the functional interplay between PDI and Ero1α by small molecule inhibitors may be a novel strategy for antithrombotic therapy. Oxidized but not reduced PDI promotes platelet aggregation. Ero1α and PDI constitute an electron transport pathway on platelet surface. Ero1α and PDI provide a redox environment optimal for platelet aggregation. The functional interplay between Ero1α and PDI can be a new target for antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiushuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Jourdi G, Lordkipanidzé M, Philippe A, Bachelot-Loza C, Gaussem P. Current and Novel Antiplatelet Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313079. [PMID: 34884884 PMCID: PMC8658271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, antiplatelet agents, mainly aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists, have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. Their pharmacological characteristics, including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics profiles, have been extensively studied, and a significant number of clinical trials assessing their efficacy and safety in various clinical settings have established antithrombotic efficacy. Notwithstanding, antiplatelet agents carry an inherent risk of bleeding. Given that bleeding is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, there is an unmet clinical need to develop novel antiplatelet therapies that inhibit thrombosis while maintaining hemostasis. In this review, we present the currently available antiplatelet agents, with a particular focus on their targets, pharmacological characteristics, and patterns of use. We will further discuss the novel antiplatelet therapies in the pipeline, with the goal of improved clinical outcomes among patients with atherothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jourdi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: (G.J.); (P.G.)
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Aurélien Philippe
- INSERM, Innovations Thérapeutiques en Hémostase, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.P.); (C.B.-L.)
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- INSERM, Innovations Thérapeutiques en Hémostase, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.P.); (C.B.-L.)
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- INSERM, Innovations Thérapeutiques en Hémostase, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.P.); (C.B.-L.)
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (G.J.); (P.G.)
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15
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Proteomics and enriched biological processes in Antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102982. [PMID: 34718168 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of differentially expressed proteins in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a developing area of research for unique profiles of this pathology. Advances in technologies of mass spectrometry brings improvements in proteomics and results in assessment of soluble or cellular proteins which could be candidates for clinical biomarkers of primary APS. The use of blood as a source of proteins ease the acquisition of samples for proteomics analyses and later for disease diagnosis. We performed a systematic review to explore the proteomics studies carried out in circulating released proteins (serum, plasma) or cellular proteins (monocytes and platelets) of APS patients. The study groups differentiate among clinical APS cases with the aim to translate molecular findings to disease stratification and to improve APS diagnosis and prognosis. These studies also include the unravelling of new autoantibodies in non-criteria APS or how post-translational protein modifications provides clues about the pathological mechanisms of antigen-autoantibody recognition. Herein, we identified 82 proteins that were dysregulated in APS across eleven studies. Enrichment analysis revealed its connection to cellular activation and degranulation that eventually leads to thrombosis as the main biological process highlighted by these studies. Validation of APS-relevant proteins by functional and mechanistic studies will be essential for patient stratification and the development of targeted therapies for every clinical subtype of APS.
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16
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Xu X, Chiu J, Chen S, Fang C. Pathophysiological roles of cell surface and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase and their molecular mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2911-2930. [PMID: 33837960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the prototypic member of the thiol isomerase family that catalyses disulfide bond rearrangement. Initially identified in the endoplasmic reticulum as folding catalysts, PDI and other members in its family have also been widely reported to reside on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Although how PDI is exported and retained on the cell surface remains a subject of debate, this unique pool of PDI is developing into an important mechanism underlying the redox regulation of protein sulfhydryls that are critical for the cellular activities under various disease conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological roles of surface and extracellular PDI and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Understanding the involvement of extracellular PDI in these diseases will advance our knowledge in the molecular aetiology to facilitate the development of novel pharmacological strategies by specifically targeting PDI in extracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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17
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Powell LE, Foster PA. Protein disulphide isomerase inhibition as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2812-2825. [PMID: 33742523 PMCID: PMC8026947 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) gene family is a large, diverse group of enzymes recognised for their roles in disulphide bond formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PDI therefore plays an important role in ER proteostasis, however, it also shows involvement in ER stress, a characteristic recognised in multiple disease states, including cancer. While the exact mechanisms by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis are still not fully understood, PDI exhibits clear involvement in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The UPR acts to alleviate ER stress through the activation of ER chaperones, such as PDI, which act to refold misfolded proteins, promoting cell survival. PDI also acts as an upstream regulator of the UPR pathway, through redox regulation of UPR stress receptors. This demonstrates the pro‐protective roles of PDI and highlights PDI as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Recent research has explored the use of PDI inhibitors with PACMA 31 in particular, demonstrating promising anti‐cancer effects in ovarian cancer. This review discusses the properties and functions of PDI family members and focuses on their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Powell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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18
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Lokhande AS, Devarajan PV. A review on possible mechanistic insights of Nitazoxanide for repurposing in COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173748. [PMID: 33227285 PMCID: PMC7678434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the world to a grinding halt. A major cause of concern is the respiratory distress associated mortality attributed to the cytokine storm. Despite myriad rapidly approved clinical trials with repurposed drugs, and time needed to develop a vaccine, accelerated search for repurposed therapeutics is still ongoing. In this review, we present Nitazoxanide a US-FDA approved antiprotozoal drug, as one such promising candidate. Nitazoxanide which is reported to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various viral infections, revealed good in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture assays, suggesting potential for repurposing in COVID-19. Furthermore, nitazoxanide displays the potential to boost host innate immune responses and thereby tackle the life-threatening cytokine storm. Possibilities of improving lung, as well as multiple organ damage and providing value addition to COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, are other important facets of the drug. The review juxtaposes the role of nitazoxanide in fighting COVID-19 pathogenesis at multiple levels highlighting the great promise the drug exhibits. The in silico data and in vitro efficacy in cell lines confirms the promise of nitazoxanide. Several approved clinical trials world over further substantiate leveraging nitazoxanide for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Lokhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Khalaf NB, Al-Μehatab D, Fathallah DM. Vascular endothelial ERp72 is involved in the inflammatory response in a rat model of skeletal muscle injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:186. [PMID: 33398381 PMCID: PMC7809907 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular inflammatory response involves the coordinated action of a large network of molecular mediators and culminates in the transmigration of leukocytes into the site of inflammation. Inflammatory mediators include a variety of protein families, including adhesion molecules such as integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, as well as other cytokines and chemokines. In this study, a rat model of traumatic skeletal muscle injury was used to demonstrate endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 72 (ERp72) overexpression in the early phase of the inflammatory response that follows skeletal muscle injury. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting, dual‑labeling immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that ERp72 was expressed on the endothelial cells of blood vessels present at the injured area. In addition, a cell‑based neutrophil adhesion assay indicated that a polyclonal antibody specific for ERp72 significantly reduced adhesion of neutrophils to activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (35% reduction). These data suggested that ERp72 expression on vascular endothelial cells may play a role in skeletal muscle inflammation and could be considered as a target for the modulation of leukocyte‑endothelial cell interactions in an inflammatory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Ben Khalaf
- Department of Life Sciences, Health Biotechnology Program, College of Graduate Studies, King Fahd Chair for Health Biotechnology, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Dalal Al-Μehatab
- Department of Life Sciences, Health Biotechnology Program, College of Graduate Studies, King Fahd Chair for Health Biotechnology, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Dahmani M Fathallah
- Department of Life Sciences, Health Biotechnology Program, College of Graduate Studies, King Fahd Chair for Health Biotechnology, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
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20
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Mnafgui K, Khdhiri E, Hajji R, Feriani A, Ivan da Silva F, Laíres da Silva Santos A, Tlili A, Mlayeh S, Bouzidi M, Ammar H, Abid S. Potential effect of new (E)-4-hydroxy -N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide against acute myocardial infarction: Haemodynamic, biochemical and histological studies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:107-120. [PMID: 32780517 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the cardioprotective effect of new synthesized coumarin (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide denoted (Hyd.Cou) against myocardial infarction disorders. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Control, isoproterenol (ISO), ISO + Acenocoumarol (Ac) and ISO + Hyd.Cou. Results showed that the ISO group exhibited serious alteration in EGC pattern, significant heart hypertrophy (+33%), haemodynamic disturbance and increase in plasma rate of CK-MB, LDH and troponin-T by 44, 53, and 170%, respectively, as compared to Control. Moreover, isoproterenol induced a rise in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (ACE) by 49%, dyslipidaemia, and increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by 117% associated with decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by 46% and 58%, respectively in myocardium. Interestingly, the molecular docking calculation demonstrated strong interactions of Hyd.Cou with the receptors of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) which could highlight the antithrombotic effect. Moreover, Hyd.Cou improved plasma cardiac dysfunction biomarkers, mitigated the ventricle remodelling process and alleviated heart oxidative stress damage. Overall, Hyd.Cou prevented the heart from the remodelling process through inhibition of ACE activity and oxidative stress improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Khdhiri
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée 'Hétérocycles Corps Gras & Polymères', Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Raouf Hajji
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Anouar Feriani
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Abir Tlili
- Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souhail Mlayeh
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Moncef Bouzidi
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisie
| | - Houcine Ammar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée 'Hétérocycles Corps Gras & Polymères', Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Souhir Abid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée 'Hétérocycles Corps Gras & Polymères', Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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21
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Krajewski D, Polukort SH, Gelzinis J, Rovatti J, Kaczenski E, Galinski C, Pantos M, Shah NN, Schneider SS, Kennedy DR, Mathias CB. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Regulate IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Responses and Their Inhibition Confers Protective Effects During Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606837. [PMID: 33414789 PMCID: PMC7783394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiol isomerase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), plays important intracellular roles during protein folding, maintaining cellular function and viability. Recent studies suggest novel roles for extracellular cell surface PDI in enhancing cellular activation and promoting their function. Moreover, a number of food-derived substances have been shown to regulate cellular PDI activity and alter disease progression. We hypothesized that PDI may have similar roles during mast cell-mediated allergic responses and examined its effects on IgE-induced mast cell activity during cell culture and food allergy. Mast cells were activated via IgE and antigen and the effects of PDI inhibition on mast cell activation were assessed. The effects of PDI blockade in vivo were examined by treating mice with the irreversible PDI inhibitor, PACMA-31, in an ovalbumin-induced model of food allergy. The role of dietary PDI modulators was investigated using various dietary compounds including curcumin and quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin). PDI expression was observed on resting mast cell surfaces, intracellularly, and in the intestines of allergic mice. Furthermore, enhanced secretion of extracellular PDI was observed on mast cell membranes during IgE and antigen activation. Insulin turbidimetric assays demonstrated that curcumin is a potent PDI inhibitor and pre-treatment of mast cells with curcumin or established PDI inhibitors such as bacitracin, rutin or PACMA-31, resulted in the suppression of IgE-mediated activation and the secretion of various cytokines. This was accompanied by decreased mast cell proliferation, FcεRI expression, and mast cell degranulation. Similarly, treatment of allergic BALB/c mice with PACMA-31 attenuated the development of food allergy resulting in decreased allergic diarrhea, mast cell activation, and fewer intestinal mast cells. The production of TH2-specific cytokines was also suppressed. Our observations suggest that PDI catalytic activity is essential in the regulation of mast cell activation, and that its blockade may benefit patients with allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Justine Gelzinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Edwin Kaczenski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Christine Galinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Megan Pantos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Nickul N. Shah
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Clinton B. Mathias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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22
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Kajihara D, Hon CC, Abdullah AN, Wosniak J, Moretti AIS, Poloni JF, Bonatto D, Hashimoto K, Carninci P, Laurindo FRM. Analysis of splice variants of the human protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) gene. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:766. [PMID: 33148170 PMCID: PMC7640458 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein Disulfide Isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily with crucial roles in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis, implicated in many diseases. The family prototype PDIA1 is also involved in vascular redox cell signaling. PDIA1 is coded by the P4HB gene. While forced changes in P4HB gene expression promote physiological effects, little is known about endogenous P4HB gene regulation and, in particular, gene modulation by alternative splicing. This study addressed the P4HB splice variant landscape. RESULTS Ten protein coding sequences (Ensembl) of the P4HB gene originating from alternative splicing were characterized. Structural features suggest that except for P4HB-021, other splice variants are unlikely to exert thiol isomerase activity at the endoplasmic reticulum. Extensive analyses using FANTOM5, ENCODE Consortium and GTEx project databases as RNA-seq data sources were performed. These indicated widespread expression but significant variability in the degree of isoform expression among distinct tissues and even among distinct locations of the same cell, e.g., vascular smooth muscle cells from different origins. P4HB-02, P4HB-027 and P4HB-021 were relatively more expressed across each database, the latter particularly in vascular smooth muscle. Expression of such variants was validated by qRT-PCR in some cell types. The most consistently expressed splice variant was P4HB-021 in human mammary artery vascular smooth muscle which, together with canonical P4HB gene, had its expression enhanced by serum starvation. CONCLUSIONS Our study details the splice variant landscape of the P4HB gene, indicating their potential role to diversify the functional reach of this crucial gene. P4HB-021 splice variant deserves further investigation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aimi Naim Abdullah
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Iochabel S Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Joice F Poloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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23
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Ren L, You T, Li Q, Chen G, Liu Z, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Tang C, Zhu L. Molecular docking-assisted screening reveals tannic acid as a natural protein disulphide isomerase inhibitor with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14257-14269. [PMID: 33128352 PMCID: PMC7753999 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) promotes platelet activation and constitutes a novel antithrombotic target. In this study, we reported that a PDI‐binding plant polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), inhibits PDI activity, platelet activation and thrombus formation. Molecular docking using plant polyphenols from dietary sources with cardiovascular benefits revealed TA as the most potent binding molecule with PDI active centre. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that TA bound PDI with high affinity. Using Di‐eosin‐glutathione disulphide fluorescence assay and PDI assay kit, we showed that TA inhibited PDI activity. In isolated platelets, TA inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by either GPVI or ITAM pathway agonists. Flow cytometry showed that TA inhibited thrombin‐ or CRP‐stimulated platelet activation, as reflected by reduced granule secretion and integrin activation. TA also reduced platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and platelet adhesion under flow conditions. In a laser‐induced vascular injury mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of TA significantly decreased the size of cremaster arteriole thrombi. No prolongation of mouse jugular vein and tail‐bleeding time was observed after TA administration. Therefore, we identified TA from natural polyphenols as a novel inhibitor of PDI function. TA inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, suggesting it as a potential antithrombotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Tao You
- Jiangsu Institute of HematologyKey Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Guona Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ziting Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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24
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Post-Translational S-Nitrosylation of Proteins in Regulating Cardiac Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111051. [PMID: 33126514 PMCID: PMC7693965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, S-nitrosylation has been considered a key regulatory mechanism of multiple cellular functions in many physiological and disease conditions. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that S-nitrosylation plays a crucial role in regulating redox homeostasis in the stressed heart, leading to discoveries in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart diseases and cardiac protection. In this review, we summarize recent studies in understanding the molecular and biological basis of S-nitrosylation, including the formation, spatiotemporal specificity, homeostatic regulation, and association with cellular redox status. We also outline the currently available methods that have been applied to detect S-nitrosylation. Additionally, we synopsize the up-to-date studies of S-nitrosylation in various cardiac diseases in humans and animal models, and we discuss its therapeutic potential in cardiac protection. These pieces of information would bring new insights into understanding the role of S-nitrosylation in cardiac pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies for heart diseases.
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25
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Narayanan D, Ma S, Özcelik D. Targeting the Redox Landscape in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071706. [PMID: 32605023 PMCID: PMC7407119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced predominantly by the mitochondrial electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases in peroxisomes and in the endoplasmic reticulum. The antioxidative defense counters overproduction of ROS with detoxifying enzymes and molecular scavengers, for instance, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, in order to restore redox homeostasis. Mutations in the redox landscape can induce carcinogenesis, whereas increased ROS production can perpetuate cancer development. Moreover, cancer cells can increase production of antioxidants, leading to resistance against chemo- or radiotherapy. Research has been developing pharmaceuticals to target the redox landscape in cancer. For instance, inhibition of key players in the redox landscape aims to modulate ROS production in order to prevent tumor development or to sensitize cancer cells in radiotherapy. Besides the redox landscape of a single cell, alternative strategies take aim at the multi-cellular level. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are crucial for the development of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and hence are explored as target and as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current pharmaceutical and experimental interventions of the cancer redox landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Sana Ma
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dennis Özcelik
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
- current address: Chemistry | Biology | Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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26
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Li J, Kim K, Jeong SY, Chiu J, Xiong B, Petukhov PA, Dai X, Li X, Andrews RK, Du X, Hogg PJ, Cho J. Platelet Protein Disulfide Isomerase Promotes Glycoprotein Ibα-Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions Under Thromboinflammatory Conditions. Circulation 2019; 139:1300-1319. [PMID: 30586735 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-neutrophil interactions contribute to vascular occlusion and tissue damage in thromboinflammatory disease. Platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), a key receptor for the cell-cell interaction, is believed to be constitutively active for ligand binding. Here, we established the role of platelet-derived protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in reducing the allosteric disulfide bonds in GPIbα and enhancing the ligand-binding activity under thromboinflammatory conditions. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis identified 2 potential allosteric disulfide bonds in GPIbα. Agglutination assays, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance analysis, a protein-protein docking model, proximity ligation assays, and mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate a direct interaction between PDI and GPIbα and to determine a role for PDI in regulating GPIbα function and platelet-neutrophil interactions. Also, real-time microscopy and animal disease models were used to study the pathophysiological role of PDI-GPIbα signaling under thromboinflammatory conditions. RESULTS Deletion or inhibition of platelet PDI significantly reduced GPIbα-mediated platelet agglutination. Studies using PDI-null platelets and recombinant PDI or Anfibatide, a clinical-stage GPIbα inhibitor, revealed that the oxidoreductase activity of platelet surface-bound PDI was required for the ligand-binding function of GPIbα. PDI directly bound to the extracellular domain of GPIbα on the platelet surface and reduced the Cys4-Cys17 and Cys209-Cys248 disulfide bonds. Real-time microscopy with platelet-specific PDI conditional knockout and sickle cell disease mice demonstrated that PDI-regulated GPIbα function was essential for platelet-neutrophil interactions and vascular occlusion under thromboinflammatory conditions. Studies using a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced stroke indicated that PDI-GPIbα signaling played a crucial role in tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PDI-facilitated cleavage of the allosteric disulfide bonds tightly regulates GPIbα function, promoting platelet-neutrophil interactions, vascular occlusion, and tissue damage under thromboinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho).,Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu (K.K.)
| | - Si-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.).,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.)
| | - Bei Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.A.P.)
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd, Shatin, Hong Kong (X. Dai, X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd, Shatin, Hong Kong (X. Dai, X.L.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (R.K.A.)
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.).,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.)
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
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27
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Cheng Q. PDIA4: The basic characteristics, functions and its potential connection with cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109688. [PMID: 31794946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by the protein disulfide Isomerases (PDI) family. This is a critical step in protein folding which occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA4, as a member of the PDI family, can cause the adjustment of αIIβ 3 affinities which activate platelet and promote thrombosis formation. Endoplasmic reticulum response is triggered by accumulation of abnormal folding proteins concomitant with increasing PDIA4 expression. Besides, current researches indicate that activated platelets and ERS response affect tumor progression. And PDIA4, as previous reported, also participates in tumor progression by affecting cell apoptosis and DNA repair machinery without specific mechanisms revealed.Therefore, PDI inhibitor might possess great potential value in against tumor progression. In this review, we summarize information on PDIA4 including its the basic characteristics and its implication on tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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28
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Abstract
Thiol isomerases are oxidoreductases that mediate disulphide bond formation in nascent proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum to ensure their structural integrity. In addition to its role in protein folding, thiol isomerases can modify allosteric disulphide bonds in both intracellular and extracellular proteins, thereby controlling protein function. The process of disulphide bond formation and cleavage is strictly regulated and responsive to redox conditions. Understanding disulphide bond regulation under different redox environments is critical to understanding physiological and pathological processes related to disulphide bond chemistry. Here we describe protocols for the measurement of disulphide bond modulation by thiol isomerases, including reductase and denitrosylase assays. These methods can be applied to study recombinant thiol isomerases and thiol isomerases in cellular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof H Bekendam
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Özcelik D, Pezacki JP. Small Molecule Inhibition of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Neuroblastoma Cells Induces an Oxidative Stress Response and Apoptosis Pathways. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4068-4075. [PMID: 31343165 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contributing to redox homeostasis and oxidative protein folding. PDI is associated with many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and, hence, is considered a promising drug target. In this study, we investigate the abscisic acid (ABA)-derived PDI inhibitor origamicin for its neuropharmacological potential. First, we validated the function of origamicin by monitoring the inhibition of PDI's oxidoreductase activity using an in vitro enzyme activity assay. We also applied Huisgen cycloaddition chemistry (or "click chemistry") to interrogate the interaction of origamicin and PDI. Then, we evaluated the impact of origamicin on the viability of the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Next, we analyzed the gene expression profile of SH-SY5Y cells upon treatment with origamicin. We found 207 differentially expressed genes, including MYC. Computational analysis revealed an enrichment of genes involved in the oxidative stress response and the p53 signaling pathway. Induction of the p53 signaling pathway and downregulation of MYC are known to affect processes such as cell cycle, cellular repair, and apoptosis. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of PDI inhibition by origamicin. Furthermore, this study provides important gene expression profiles that offer insights into the underlying mechanism of PDI inhibition and creates a valuable starting point for neuropharmacological applications of origamicin and other PDI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Özcelik
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ottawa Institute for Systems Biology, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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30
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Guyette J, Cherubin P, Serrano A, Taylor M, Abedin F, O'Donnell M, Burress H, Tatulian SA, Teter K. Quercetin-3-Rutinoside Blocks the Disassembly of Cholera Toxin by Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E458. [PMID: 31382673 PMCID: PMC6722528 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but is also secreted into the bloodstream where its oxidoreductase activity is involved with thrombus formation. Quercetin-3-rutinoside (Q3R) blocks this activity, but its inhibitory mechanism against PDI is not fully understood. Here, we examined the potential inhibitory effect of Q3R on another process that requires PDI: disassembly of the multimeric cholera toxin (CT). In the ER, PDI physically displaces the reduced CTA1 subunit from its non-covalent assembly in the CT holotoxin. This is followed by CTA1 dislocation from the ER to the cytosol where the toxin interacts with its G protein target for a cytopathic effect. Q3R blocked the conformational change in PDI that accompanies its binding to CTA1, which, in turn, prevented PDI from displacing CTA1 from its holotoxin and generated a toxin-resistant phenotype. Other steps of the CT intoxication process were not affected by Q3R, including PDI binding to CTA1 and CT reduction by PDI. Additional experiments with the B chain of ricin toxin found that Q3R could also disrupt PDI function through the loss of substrate binding. Q3R can thus inhibit PDI function through distinct mechanisms in a substrate-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guyette
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Patrick Cherubin
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Albert Serrano
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Michael Taylor
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Faisal Abedin
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Morgan O'Donnell
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Helen Burress
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Rosenberg N, Mor-Cohen R, Sheptovitsky VH, Romanenco O, Hess O, Lahav J. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion requires extracellular disulfide exchange regulated by protein disulfide isomerase. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:77-85. [PMID: 31042499 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, mediated by integrin receptors, is crucial for cell survival. Receptor-ligand interaction involves conformational changes in the integrin by a mechanism not fully elucidated. In addition to several direct evidence that there is disulfide re-arrangement of integrins, we previously demonstrated a role for extracellular thiols and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in integrin-mediated functions using platelets as model system. Exploring the possible generality of this mechanism, we now show, using three different nucleated cells which depend on adhesion for survival, that non-penetrating blockers of free thiols inhibit α2β1 and α5β1 integrin-mediated adhesion and that disulfide exchange takes place in that process. Inhibiting extracellular PDI mimics thiol blocking. Transfection with WT or enzymatically inactive PDI increased their membrane expression and enhanced cell adhesion, suggesting that PDI level is a limiting factor and that the chaperone activity of the enzyme contributes to adhesion. Exogenously added PDI also enhanced adhesion, further supporting the limiting factor of the enzyme. These data indicate that: a) Dependence on ecto-sulfhydryls for integrin-mediated adhesion is not exclusive to the platelet; b) PDI is involved in integrin-mediated adhesion, catalyzing disulfide bond exchange; c) PDI enhances cell adhesion by both its oxidoreductase activity and as a chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Rosenberg
- The Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Dept. of Hematology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ronit Mor-Cohen
- The Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Dept. of Hematology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Vera Hazan Sheptovitsky
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, and Dept. of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Olga Romanenco
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, and Dept. of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Oded Hess
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, and Dept. of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Judith Lahav
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, and Dept. of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Majithia A, Bhatt DL. Novel Antiplatelet Therapies for Atherothrombotic Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:546-557. [PMID: 30760019 PMCID: PMC6445601 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapies are an essential tool to reduce the risk of developing clinically apparent atherothrombotic disease and are a mainstay in the therapy of patients who have established cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease. Strategies to intensify antiplatelet regimens are limited by concomitant increases in clinically significant bleeding. The development of novel antiplatelet therapies targeting additional receptor and signaling pathways, with a focus on maintaining antiplatelet efficacy while preserving hemostasis, holds tremendous potential to improve outcomes among patients with atherothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Majithia
- From the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- From the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Stopa JD, Zwicker JI. The intersection of protein disulfide isomerase and cancer associated thrombosis. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S130-S135. [PMID: 29703471 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the hypercoagulability of cancer are complex and include the upregulation coagulation factors or procoagulant proteins, shedding of microparticles, and direct activation of vascular cells. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a thiol isomerase secreted from activated platelets and endothelial cells and plays a critical role in both platelet aggregation and fibrin generation. A number of potential intravascular targets of PDI have been identified including cell surface receptors (e.g. β-integrins and glycoprotein Ib), receptor ligands (e.g. fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor), serine proteases (e.g. cathepsin G and kallekrein-14), and coagulation factors (e.g. factor XI and factor V). Recent clinical studies demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of PDI, isoquercetin, decreases platelet-dependent thrombin generation and PDI activity in plasma following oral administration. This review explores the mechanistic overlap between the molecular drivers of cancer associated thrombosis and the potential roles PDI plays in mediating thrombosis. These molecular insights provide rationale for clinical trials targeting PDI to prevent thrombosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Stopa
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey I Zwicker
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Sachetto ATA, Rosa JG, Santoro ML. Rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) modulates the hemostatic disturbances and redox imbalance induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006774. [PMID: 30307940 PMCID: PMC6181271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a major Collective Health problem worldwide. In Brazil, Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) evokes hemostatic disturbances, bleeding manifestations, and redox status imbalance. Specific antivenom therapy, although efficacious to revert most snakebite-induced manifestations, is incapable of treating secondary manifestations, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress. Searching for new complementary therapies that could attenuate physiological derangements triggered by envenomation, we elected to test quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) by its potential as both a potent antioxidant and a hemostasis modulatory compound. The activity of rutin was evaluated both on the biological activities of crude BjV in vitro, and in vivo by the ability of rutin (14.4 mg/kg b.w.) to modulate hematological, hemostatic and redox status markers altered by BjV injection (1.6 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) in mice. In vitro, rutin failed to inhibit BjV-induced platelet aggregation and biological activities of major BjV enzymes (metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and L-amino acid oxidases). On the other hand, rutin attenuated local hemorrhage, and the increase in reactive species, prevented the fall in RBC counts and fibrinogen levels, diminished tail bleeding and shortened prothrombin time (PT) evoked by envenomation. Furthermore, rutin reduced tissue factor (TF) activity and altered the protein expression of TF in liver, lungs, heart and skin. In conclusion, the disturbances in redox status and hemostatic system induced by B. jararaca envenomation were modulated by rutin, suggesting it has a great potential to be used as an ancillary therapeutic agent for snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gomes Rosa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Knowles RB, Warner TD. Anti-platelet drugs and their necessary interaction with endothelial mediators and platelet cyclic nucleotides for therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 193:83-90. [PMID: 30081048 PMCID: PMC6325790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For many millions of patients at secondary risk of coronary thrombosis pharmaceutical protection is supplied by dual anti-platelet therapy. Despite substantial therapeutic developments over the last decade recurrent thrombotic events occur, highlighting the need for further optimisation of therapies. Importantly, but often ignored, anti-platelet drugs interact with cyclic nucleotide systems in platelets and these are the same systems that mediate key endogenous pathways of platelet regulation, notably those dependent upon the vascular endothelium. The aim of this review is to highlight interactions between the anti-platelet drugs, aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists and endogenous pathways of platelet regulation at the level of cyclic nucleotides. These considerations are key to concepts such as anti-platelet drug resistance and individualized anti-platelet therapy which cannot be understood by study of platelets in isolation from the circulatory environment. We also explore novel and emerging therapies that focus on preserving haemostasis and how the concepts outlined in this review could be exploited therapeutically to improve anti-thrombotic efficacy whilst reducing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Knowles
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Warner
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Passam F, Chiu J, Ju L, Pijning A, Jahan Z, Mor-Cohen R, Yeheskel A, Kolšek K, Thärichen L, Aponte-Santamaría C, Gräter F, Hogg PJ. Mechano-redox control of integrin de-adhesion. eLife 2018; 7:e34843. [PMID: 29932420 PMCID: PMC6054529 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How proteins harness mechanical force to control function is a significant biological question. Here we describe a human cell surface receptor that couples ligand binding and force to trigger a chemical event which controls the adhesive properties of the receptor. Our studies of the secreted platelet oxidoreductase, ERp5, have revealed that it mediates release of fibrinogen from activated platelet αIIbβ3 integrin. Protein chemical studies show that ligand binding to extended αIIbβ3 integrin renders the βI-domain Cys177-Cys184 disulfide bond cleavable by ERp5. Fluid shear and force spectroscopy assays indicate that disulfide cleavage is enhanced by mechanical force. Cell adhesion assays and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that cleavage of the disulfide induces long-range allosteric effects within the βI-domain, mainly affecting the metal-binding sites, that results in release of fibrinogen. This coupling of ligand binding, force and redox events to control cell adhesion may be employed to regulate other protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary InstituteNewtownAustralia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Lining Ju
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | | | - Ronit Mor-Cohen
- The Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- The Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Katra Kolšek
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lena Thärichen
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational BiophysicsUniversity of Los AndesBogotáColombia
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary InstituteNewtownAustralia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Chen F, Zhao Z, Zhou J, Lu Y, Essex DW, Wu Y. Protein disulfide isomerase enhances tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:172-177. [PMID: 29709484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays an important role in fibrin generation in vivo, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, using thrombin generation assay (TGA), we investigated whether PDI contributes to tissue factor (TF)-mediated thrombin generation. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of TF on cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. After incubation with an inhibitory anti-TF antibody, recombinant PDI protein or a PDI inhibitor PACMA31, LPS-stimulated human PBMCs were incubated with human plasma, and thrombin generation was assessed by Ceveron Alpha TGA and a fluorescent thrombin substrate. Bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from PDI-knockout and wild-type mice were stimulated by LPS, followed by measurement of thrombin generation. LPS stimulation increased expression of TF on PBMCs, and thrombin generation. Inhibitory anti-TF antibody almost completely suppressed thrombin generation of LPS-stimulated PBMCs, suggesting that thrombin generation was TF-dependent. Recombinant PDI protein increased thrombin generation, while PACMA31 attenuated thrombin generation. Compared with control cells, PDI-deficient marrow mononuclear cells had less capacity in thrombin generation. Taken together, these data suggest that PDI enhances TF-dependent thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junsong Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Wuhan Thalys Medical Technology Inc, Wuhan, China
| | - David W Essex
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family of thiol isomerases are intracellular enzymes known to catalyze the oxidation, reduction and isomerization of disulfide bonds during protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. PDI and related members of the thiol isomerase family are known to localize extracellularly where they possess various functions. Among these, the role of PDI in the initiation of thrombus formation is best characterized. PDI is secreted within seconds from activated platelets and endothelial cells at the site of vascular injury and accumulates in the developing platelet-fibrin thrombus. Inhibition of PDI by antibodies or small molecule inhibitors blocks thrombus formation. Efforts are underway to identify extracellular substrates of PDI that participate in the network pathways linking thiol isomerases to thrombus formation. ERp57, ERp5 and ERp72 also play a role in initiation of thrombus formation but their specific extracellular substrates are unknown. Areas covered: The following review gives an overview of biochemistry of vascular thiol isomerases followed by a detailed description of their role in thrombosis and its clinical implications. Expert commentary: The thiol isomerase system, by controlling the initiation of thrombus formation, provides the regulatory switch by which the normal vasculature is protected under physiologic conditions from thrombi generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Sharda
- a Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA USA
| | - Bruce Furie
- a Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA USA
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Abstract
Platelets play a vital role in normal hemostasis to stem blood loss at sites of vascular injury by tethering and adhering to sites of injury, recruiting other platelets and blood cells to the developing clot, releasing vasoactive small molecules and proteins, and assembling and activating plasma coagulation proteins in a tightly regulated temporal and spatial manner. In synchrony with specific end products of coagulation, primarily cross-linked fibrin, a stable thrombus quickly forms. Far beyond physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, emerging evidence supports platelets playing a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, inflammation, cellular repair, regeneration, and wide range of autocrine and paracrine functions. In essence, platelets play both structural and functional roles as reporters, messengers, and active transporters surveying the vasculature for cues of environmental or developmental stimuli and participating as first responders.1 In this review, we will provide a contemporary perspective of platelet physiology, including fundamental, translational, and clinical constructs that apply directly to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Becker
- From the Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (R.C.B.); and Gill Heart and Vascular Institute (T.S., S.S.S.) and Lexington VA Medical Center (T.S., S.S.S.), University of Kentucky School of Medicine.
| | - Travis Sexton
- From the Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (R.C.B.); and Gill Heart and Vascular Institute (T.S., S.S.S.) and Lexington VA Medical Center (T.S., S.S.S.), University of Kentucky School of Medicine
| | - Susan S Smyth
- From the Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (R.C.B.); and Gill Heart and Vascular Institute (T.S., S.S.S.) and Lexington VA Medical Center (T.S., S.S.S.), University of Kentucky School of Medicine
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review will provide an overview of several recent advances in the field of vascular thiol isomerase function. RECENT FINDINGS The initial observation that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) functions in thrombus formation occurred approximately a decade ago. At the time, there was little understanding regarding how PDI or other vascular thiol isomerases contribute to thrombosis. Although this problem is far from solved, the past few years have seen substantial progress in several areas that will be reviewed in this article. The relationship between PDI structure and its function has been investigated and applied to identify domains of PDI that are critical for thrombus formation. The mechanisms that direct thiol isomerase storage and release from platelets and endothelium have been studied. New techniques including kinetic-based trapping have identified substrates that vascular thiol isomerases modify during thrombus formation. Novel inhibitors of thiol isomerases have been developed that are useful both as tools to interrogate PDI function and as potential therapeutics. Human studies have been conducted to measure circulating PDI in disease states and evaluate the effect of oral administration of a PDI inhibitor on ex-vivo thrombin generation. SUMMARY Current findings indicate that thiol isomerase-mediated disulfide bond modification in receptors and plasma proteins is an important layer of control of thrombosis and vascular function more generally.
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Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin, P2Y12 antagonists, and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors, have proved to be successful in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. These agents are, therefore, the cornerstone of therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, these drugs all carry an inherent risk of bleeding, which is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Thus, the potential benefits of more potent, conventional antiplatelet drugs are likely be offset by the increased risk of bleeding. Data from experiments in vivo have highlighted potentially important differences between haemostasis and thrombosis, raising the prospect of developing new antiplatelet drugs that are not associated with bleeding. Indeed, in preclinical studies, several novel antiplatelet therapies that seem to inhibit thrombosis while maintaining haemostasis have been identified. These agents include inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-β (PI3Kβ), protein disulfide-isomerase, activated GPIIb/IIIa, GPIIb/IIIa outside-in signalling, protease-activated receptors, and platelet GPVI-mediated adhesion pathways. In this Review, we discuss how a therapeutic ceiling has been reached with existing antiplatelet drugs, whereby increased potency is offset by elevated bleeding risk. The latest advances in our understanding of thrombus formation have informed the development of new antiplatelet drugs that are potentially safer than currently available therapies.
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Moretti AIS, Pavanelli JC, Nolasco P, Leisegang MS, Tanaka LY, Fernandes CG, Wosniak J, Kajihara D, Dias MH, Fernandes DC, Jo H, Tran NV, Ebersberger I, Brandes RP, Bonatto D, Laurindo FRM. Conserved Gene Microsynteny Unveils Functional Interaction Between Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Rho Guanine-Dissociation Inhibitor Families. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17262. [PMID: 29222525 PMCID: PMC5722932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) support endoplasmic reticulum redox protein folding and cell-surface thiol-redox control of thrombosis and vascular remodeling. The family prototype PDIA1 regulates NADPH oxidase signaling and cytoskeleton organization, however the related underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that genes encoding human PDIA1 and its two paralogs PDIA8 and PDIA2 are each flanked by genes encoding Rho guanine-dissociation inhibitors (GDI), known regulators of RhoGTPases/cytoskeleton. Evolutionary histories of these three microsyntenic regions reveal their emergence by two successive duplication events of a primordial gene pair in the last common vertebrate ancestor. The arrangement, however, is substantially older, detectable in echinoderms, nematodes, and cnidarians. Thus, PDI/RhoGDI pairing in the same transcription orientation emerged early in animal evolution and has been largely maintained. PDI/RhoGDI pairs are embedded into conserved genomic regions displaying common cis-regulatory elements. Analysis of gene expression datasets supports evidence for PDI/RhoGDI coexpression in developmental/inflammatory contexts. PDIA1/RhoGDIα were co-induced in endothelial cells upon CRISP-R-promoted transcription activation of each pair component, and also in mouse arterial intima during flow-induced remodeling. We provide evidence for physical interaction between both proteins. These data support strong functional links between PDI and RhoGDI families, which likely maintained PDI/RhoGDI microsynteny along > 800-million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I S Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessyca C Pavanelli
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nolasco
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Special Laboratory for Cell Cycle, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS-Cepid, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise C Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ngoc-Vinh Tran
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Foster CK, Thorpe C. Challenges in the evaluation of thiol-reactive inhibitors of human protein disulfide Isomerase. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:741-749. [PMID: 28465261 PMCID: PMC5507595 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses how to evaluate the efficacy of the growing inventory of thiol-reactive inhibitors of mammalian protein disulfide Isomerase (PDI) enzymes under realistic concentrations of potentially competing thiol-containing peptides and proteins. For this purpose, we introduce a variant of the widely-used reductase assay by using a commercially-available cysteine derivative (BODIPY FL L-Cystine; BD-SS) that yields a 55-fold increase in fluorescence (excitation/emission; 490/513nm) on scission of the disulfide bond. This plate reader-compatible method detects human PDI down to 5-10nM, can utilize a range of thiol substrates (including 5µM dithiothreitol, 10µM reduced RNase thiols, and 5mM glutathione; GSH), and can operate from pH 6-9.5 in a variety of buffers. PDI assays often employ low micromolar levels of substrates leading to ambiguities when thiol-directed inhibitors are evaluated. The present work utilizes 5mM GSH for both pre-incubation and assay phases to more realistically reflect the high concentration of thiols that an inhibitor would encounter intracellularly. Extracellular PDI faces a much lower concentration of potentially competing thiols; to assess reductase activity under these conditions, the pre-reduced PDI is treated with inhibitor and then fluorescence increase upon reduction of BD-SS is followed in the absence of additional competing thiols. Both assay modes were tested with four mechanistically diverse PDI inhibitors. Two reversible reagents, 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MNS) and the arsenical APAO, were found to be strong inhibitors of PDI in the absence of competing thiols, but were ineffective in the presence of 5mM GSH. A further examination of the nitrostyrene showed that MNS not only forms facile Michael adducts with GSH, but also with the thiols of unfolded proteins (Kd values of 7 and <0.1µM, respectively) suggesting the existence of multiple potential intracellular targets for this membrane-permeant reagent. The inhibition of PDI by the irreversible alkylating agent, the chloroacetamide 16F16, was found to be only modestly attenuated by 5mM GSH. Finally, the thiol-independent flavonoid inhibitor quercetin-3-O-rutinoside was found to show equal efficacy in reoxidation and turnover assay types. This work provides a framework to evaluate inhibitors that may target the CxxC motifs of PDI and addresses some of the complexities in the interpretation of the behavior of thiol-directed reagents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia K Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Karamzadeh R, Karimi-Jafari MH, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Chitsaz H, Salekdeh GH, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Machine Learning and Network Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories Reveal Two Chains of Red/Ox-specific Residue Interactions in Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623339 PMCID: PMC5473932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI), is an essential four-domain multifunctional enzyme. As a result of disulfide shuffling in its terminal domains, hPDI exists in two oxidation states with different conformational preferences which are important for substrate binding and functional activities. Here, we address the redox-dependent conformational dynamics of hPDI through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Collective domain motions are identified by the principal component analysis of MD trajectories and redox-dependent opening-closing structure variations are highlighted on projected free energy landscapes. Then, important structural features that exhibit considerable differences in dynamics of redox states are extracted by statistical machine learning methods. Mapping the structural variations to time series of residue interaction networks also provides a holistic representation of the dynamical redox differences. With emphasizing on persistent long-lasting interactions, an approach is proposed that compiled these time series networks to a single dynamic residue interaction network (DRIN). Differential comparison of DRIN in oxidized and reduced states reveals chains of residue interactions that represent potential allosteric paths between catalytic and ligand binding sites of hPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Computer Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Hamidreza Chitsaz
- Computer Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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45
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Ping S, Liu S, Zhou Y, Li Z, Li Y, Liu K, Bardeesi AS, Wang L, Chen J, Deng L, Wang J, Wang H, Chen D, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Li C. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stress and advanced glycosylation end products result in diabetic mouse vein graft atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2818. [PMID: 28542133 PMCID: PMC5520728 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) involves cell survival and death. Whether PDI mediates mechanical stretch stress (SS) and/or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) -triggered simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that different expression levels of PDI trigger completely opposite cell fates among the different VSMC subtypes. Mouse veins were grafted into carotid arteries of non-diabetic and diabetic mice for 8 weeks; the grafted veins underwent simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis, which triggered vein graft arterializations in non-diabetic or atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. A higher rate of proliferation and apoptosis was seen in the diabetic group. SS and/or AGEs stimulated the quiescent cultured VSMCs, resulting in simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis; they could induce increased PDI activation and expression. Both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferating VSMCs indicated weak co-expression of PDI and SM-α-actin while apoptotic or dead cells showed strong co-expression of both. Either SS or AGEs rapidly upregulated the expression of PDI, NOX1 and ROS, and their combination had synergistic effects. Inhibiting PDI simultaneously suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, while inhibition of SM-α-actin with cytochalasin D led to increased apoptosis and cleaved caspases-3 but had no effect on proliferation. In conclusion, different expression levels of PDI in VSMCs induced by SS and/or AGEs triggered a simultaneous increase in proliferation and apoptosis, accelerated vein graft arterializations or atherosclerosis, leading us to propose PDI as a novel target for the treatment of vascular remodeling and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Adham Sa Bardeesi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dadi Chen
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Frazão B, Campos A, Osório H, Thomas B, Leandro S, Teixeira A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Analysis of Pelagia noctiluca proteome Reveals a Red Fluorescent Protein, a Zinc Metalloproteinase and a Peroxiredoxin. Protein J 2017; 36:77-97. [PMID: 28258523 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pelagia noctiluca is the most venomous jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea where it forms dense blooms. Although there is several published research on this species, until now none of the works has been focused on a complete protein profile of the all body constituents of this organism. Here, we have performed a detailed proteomics characterization of the major protein components expressed by P. noctiluca. With that aim, we have considered the study of jellyfish proteins involved in defense, body constituents and metabolism, and furthered explore the significance and potential application of such bioactive molecules. P. noctiluca body proteins were separated by1D SDS-PAGE and 2DE followed by characterization by nanoLC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques. Altogether, both methods revealed 68 different proteins, including a Zinc Metalloproteinase, a Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and a Peroxiredoxin. These three proteins were identified for the first time in P. noctiluca. Zinc Metalloproteinase was previously reported in the venom of other jellyfish species. Besides the proteins described above, the other 65 proteins found in P. noctiluca body content were identified and associated with its clinical significance. Among all the proteins identified in this work we highlight: Zinc metalloproteinase, which has a ShK toxin domain and therefore should be implicated in the sting toxicity of P. noctiluca.; the RFP which are a very important family of proteins due to its possible application as molecular markers; and last but not least the discovery of a Peroxiredoxin in this organism makes it a new natural resource of antioxidant and anti-UV radiation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Frazão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Proteomics Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sérgio Leandro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Teixeira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Molecular Genetics Research Center (CIGMH), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Distinct contributions of complement factors to platelet activation and fibrin formation in venous thrombus development. Blood 2017; 129:2291-2302. [PMID: 28223279 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-749879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding evidence indicates multiple interactions between the hemostatic system and innate immunity, and the coagulation and complement cascades. Here we show in a tissue factor (TF)-dependent model of flow restriction-induced venous thrombosis that complement factors make distinct contributions to platelet activation and fibrin deposition. Complement factor 3 (C3) deficiency causes prolonged bleeding, reduced thrombus incidence, thrombus size, fibrin and platelet deposition in the ligated inferior vena cava, and diminished platelet activation in vitro. Initial fibrin deposition at the vessel wall over 6 hours in this model was dependent on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and TF expression by myeloid cells, but did not require neutrophil extracellular trap formation involving peptidyl arginine deiminase 4. In contrast to C3-/- mice, C5-deficient mice had no apparent defect in platelet activation in vitro, and vessel wall platelet deposition and initial hemostasis in vivo. However, fibrin formation, the exposure of negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) on adherent leukocytes, and clot burden after 48 hours were significantly reduced in C5-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. These results delineate that C3 plays specific roles in platelet activation independent of formation of the terminal complement complex and provide in vivo evidence for contributions of complement-dependent membrane perturbations to prothrombotic TF activation on myeloid cells.
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Nitroarachidonic acid (NO 2AA) inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) through reversible covalent adduct formation with critical cysteines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1131-1139. [PMID: 28215702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroarachidonic acid (NO2AA) exhibits pleiotropic anti-inflammatory actions in a variety of cell types. We have recently shown that NO2AA inhibits phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) by preventing the formation of the active complex. Recent work indicates the participation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity in NOX2 activation. Cysteine (Cys) residues at PDI active sites could be targets for NO2AA- nitroalkylation regulating PDI activity which could explain our previous observation. METHODS PDI reductase and chaperone activities were assessed using the insulin and GFP renaturation methods in the presence or absence of NO2AA. To determine the covalent reaction with PDI as well as the site of reaction, the PEG-switch assay and LC-MS/MS studies were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We determined that both activities of PDI were inhibited by NO2AA in a dose- and time- dependent manner and independent from release of nitric oxide. Since nitroalkenes are potent electrophiles and PDI has critical Cys residues for its activity, then formation of a covalent adduct between NO2AA and PDI is feasible. To this end we demonstrated the reversible covalent modification of PDI by NO2AA. Trypsinization of modified PDI confirmed that the Cys residues present in the active site a' of PDI were key targets accounting for nitroalkene modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PDI may contribute to NOX2 activation. As such, inhibition of PDI by NO2AA might be involved in preventing NOX2 activation. Future work will be directed to determine if the covalent modifications observed play a role in the reported NO2AA inhibition of NOX2 activity.
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Stopa JD, Neuberg D, Puligandla M, Furie B, Flaumenhaft R, Zwicker JI. Protein disulfide isomerase inhibition blocks thrombin generation in humans by interfering with platelet factor V activation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89373. [PMID: 28097231 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is required for thrombus formation. We previously demonstrated that glycosylated quercetin flavonoids such as isoquercetin inhibit PDI activity and thrombus formation in animal models, but whether extracellular PDI represents a viable anticoagulant target in humans and how its inhibition affects blood coagulation remain unknown. METHODS: We evaluated effects of oral administration of isoquercetin on platelet-dependent thrombin generation in healthy subjects and patients with persistently elevated anti-phospholipid antibodies. RESULTS: Following oral administration of 1,000 mg isoquercetin to healthy adults, the measured peak plasma quercetin concentration (9.2 μM) exceeded its IC50 for inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin in vitro (2.5 ± 0.4 μM). Platelet-dependent thrombin generation decreased by 51% in the healthy volunteers compared with baseline (P = 0.0004) and by 64% in the anti-phospholipid antibody cohort (P = 0.015) following isoquercetin ingestion. To understand how PDI affects thrombin generation, we evaluated substrates of PDI identified using an unbiased mechanistic-based substrate trapping approach. These studies identified platelet factor V as a PDI substrate. Isoquercetin blocked both platelet factor Va and thrombin generation with an IC50 of ~5 μM. Inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin ingestion resulted in a 53% decrease in the generation of platelet factor Va (P = 0.001). Isoquercetin-mediated inhibition was reversed with addition of exogenous factor Va. CONCLUSION: These studies show that oral administration of isoquercetin inhibits PDI activity in plasma and diminishes platelet-dependent thrombin generation predominantly by blocking the generation of platelet factor Va. These pharmacodynamic and mechanistic observations represent an important step in the development of a novel class of antithrombotic agents targeting PDI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01722669) FUNDING: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U54 HL112302) and Quercegen Pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Stopa
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maneka Puligandla
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Jeffrey I Zwicker
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
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Metcalfe C, Ramasubramoni A, Pula G, Harper MT, Mundell SJ, Coxon CH. Thioredoxin Inhibitors Attenuate Platelet Function and Thrombus Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163006. [PMID: 27716777 PMCID: PMC5055343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is an oxidoreductase with important physiological function. Imbalances in the NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system are associated with a number of pathologies, particularly cancer, and a number of clinical trials for thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase inhibitors have been carried out or are underway. Due to the emerging role and importance of oxidoreductases for haemostasis and the current interest in developing inhibitors for clinical use, we thought it pertinent to assess whether inhibition of the NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system affects platelet function and thrombosis. We used small molecule inhibitors of Trx (PMX 464 and PX-12) to determine whether Trx activity influences platelet function, as well as an unbiased proteomics approach to identify potential Trx substrates on the surface of platelets that might contribute to platelet reactivity and function. Using LC-MS/MS we found that PMX 464 and PX-12 affected the oxidation state of thiols in a number of cell surface proteins. Key surface receptors for platelet adhesion and activation were affected, including the collagen receptor GPVI and the von Willebrand factor receptor, GPIb. To experimentally validate these findings we assessed platelet function in the presence of PMX 464, PX-12, and rutin (a selective inhibitor of the related protein disulphide isomerase). In agreement with the proteomics data, small molecule inhibitors of thioredoxin selectively inhibited GPVI-mediated platelet activation, and attenuated ristocetin-induced GPIb-vWF-mediated platelet agglutination, thus validating the findings of the proteomics study. These data reveal a novel role for thioredoxin in regulating platelet reactivity via proteins required for early platelet responses at sites of vessel injury (GPVI and GPIb). This work also highlights a potential opportunity for repurposing of PMX 464 and PX-12 as antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Metcalfe
- Oxford Molecular and Pathology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Anjana Ramasubramoni
- Oxford Molecular and Pathology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Mundell
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Carmen H. Coxon
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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