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Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang W, Liu H, Jin F, Mao S, Han C, Wang X. Mechanical strategies to promote vascularization for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae039. [PMID: 39350780 PMCID: PMC11441985 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Vascularization is a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mechanical factors have been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and can affect the architecture of the generated vascular network. Through the regulation of mechanical factors in engineered tissues, various mechanical strategies can be used to optimize the preformed vascular network and promote its rapid integration with host vessels. Optimization of the mechanical properties of scaffolds, including controlling scaffold stiffness, increasing surface roughness and anisotropic structure, and designing interconnected, hierarchical pore structures, is beneficial for the in vitro formation of vascular networks and the ingrowth of host blood vessels. The incorporation of hollow channels into scaffolds promotes the formation of patterned vascular networks. Dynamic stretching and perfusion can facilitate the formation and maturation of preformed vascular networks in vitro. Several indirect mechanical strategies provide sustained mechanical stimulation to engineered tissues in vivo, which further promotes the vascularization of implants within the body. Additionally, stiffness gradients, anisotropic substrates and hollow channels in scaffolds, as well as external cyclic stretch, boundary constraints and dynamic flow culture, can effectively regulate the alignment of vascular networks, thereby promoting better integration of prevascularized engineered tissues with host blood vessels. This review summarizes the influence and contribution of both scaffold-based and external stimulus-based mechanical strategies for vascularization in tissue engineering and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Meixuan Liu
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shulei Mao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Quhua Hospital of Zhejiang, 62 Wenchang Road, Quhua, Quzhou 324004, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
- The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Zhao Y, Cao H, Wei Y, Zheng T. The impact of different degrees of stenosis on platelet deposition in the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 257:108445. [PMID: 39369586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of different stenotic degrees on platelet deposition in the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. METHODS The idealized model of coronary artery stenosis of 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 % and four patient-specific models of 22.17 %, 34.88 %, 51.23 % and 62.96 % were established. A discrete phase model was used to calculate the deposition of platelet particles in blood. RESULTS (1) As the stenotic degree increased from 30 % to 70 %, the maximum deposition rates were 4.23e-2 kg/(m2 ·s), 3.47e-2 kg/(m2 ·s), 0.14 kg/(m2 ·s), 0.15 kg/(m2 ·s), and 0.38 kg/(m2 ·s), respectively. (2) The greater the stenotic degree, the more points of platelet deposition. (3) Platelets were mainly deposited at the proximal segment of mild stenosis. When the stenotic degree exceeded 50 %, the deposition position moved to the distal segment of the stenosis. (4) The results in the real coronary artery models were similar to those in the idealized model. CONCLUSION The study suggests that the location and number of platelet deposition are related to the degree of stenosis. Moderate to severe stenosis is more likely to spread downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Sichuan-tibet Railway Co. LTD, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Haoyao Cao
- Department of Mechanics & Engineering, College Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sichuan University Yibin Park / Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yongtao Wei
- Department of Mechanics & Engineering, College Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Tinghui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics & Engineering, College Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Chen L, Qu H, Liu B, Chen BC, Yang Z, Shi DZ, Zhang Y. Low or oscillatory shear stress and endothelial permeability in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1432719. [PMID: 39314624 PMCID: PMC11417040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1432719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial shear stress is a tangential stress derived from the friction of the flowing blood on the endothelial surface of the arterial wall and is expressed in units of force/unit area (dyne/cm2). Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow patterns that generate low or oscillatory endothelial shear stress, which impairs glycocalyx integrity, cytoskeleton arrangement and endothelial junctions (adherens junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions), thus increasing endothelial permeability. The lipoproteins and inflammatory cells penetrating intima due to the increased endothelial permeability characterizes the pathological changes in early stage of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells are critical sensors of shear stress, however, the mechanisms by which the complex shear stress regulate endothelial permeability in atherosclerosis remain unclear. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the endothelial permeability induced by low or oscillatory shear stress, which will shed a novel sight in early stage of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- Graduate school, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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Okamoto T, Hashimoto Y, Iemitsu M, Ogoh S. Acute effects of static stretching exercise-induced decrease in arterial stiffness on maximal aerobic capacity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:849-856. [PMID: 38842370 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently have reported that individual day-to-day arterial stiffness variations are associated with maximal aerobic capacity. However, the evidence of this phenomenon was not provided sufficiently. The present study aimed to examine whether a decrease in arterial stiffness through static stretching exercise could enhance maximal aerobic capacity. METHODS Twelve healthy young men (age 22±2 years, mean and standard deviation) participated in this study and underwent two separate sessions in a randomized controlled crossover design: a single session of a whole-body static stretching exercise protocol that involved the trunk, upper limb, and lower limb (stretch condition), and sedentary control where they rested in the exercise room. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured as an index of systemic arterial stiffness before, immediately after and at 30 min after both conditions. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) was assessed using a graded power test on an electronically braked cycle ergometer after these measurements. RESULTS As we expected, there was a significant decrease in the baPWV at 30 min after the stretch trial compared to baseline values (P=0.01). The baPWV in the stretch condition was lower than that of the control condition, while V̇O2max in the stretch condition was higher than that of the control condition (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, it can be inferred that an acute reduction in arterial stiffness may contribute to change in maximal aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Okamoto
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan -
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
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Allen MF, Park SY, Kwak YS. Oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: Potential therapeutic targets and therapies in peripheral artery disease. Microvasc Res 2024; 155:104713. [PMID: 38914307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the manifestation of atherosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries of the lower limbs. Interestingly, growing evidence suggests that the pathology of PAD is multifaceted and encompasses both vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunctions, which contributes to blunted physical capabilities and diminished quality of life. Importantly, it has been suggested that many of these pathological impairments may stem from blunted reduction-oxidation (redox) handling. Of note, in those with PAD, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) outweighs antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative damage, which may have systemic consequences. It has been suggested that antioxidant supplementation may be able to assist in handling ROS. However, the activation of various ROS production sites makes it difficult to determine the efficacy of these antioxidant supplements. Therefore, this review focuses on the common cellular mechanisms that facilitate ROS production and discusses how excessive ROS may impair vascular and skeletal muscle function in PAD. Furthermore, we provide insight for current and potential antioxidant therapies, specifically highlighting activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as a potential pharmacological therapy to combat ROS accumulation and aid in vascular function, and physical performance in patients with PAD. Altogether, this review provides a better understanding of excessive ROS in the pathophysiology of PAD and enhances our perception of potential therapeutic targets that may improve vascular function, skeletal muscle function, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design, and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Pandian K, Huang L, Junaid A, Harms A, van Zonneveld AJ, Hankemeier T. Tracer-based metabolomics for profiling nitric oxide metabolites in a 3D microvessels-on-chip model. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70005. [PMID: 39171967 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400553r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, prevalent in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and linked to conditions like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, renal failure, or hypercholesterolemia, is characterized by diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability-a key signaling molecule for vascular homeostasis. Current two-dimensional (2D) in vitro studies on NO synthesis by endothelial cells (ECs) lack the crucial laminar shear stress, a vital factor in modulating the NO-generating enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), under physiological conditions. Here we developed a tracer-based metabolomics approach to measure NO-specific metabolites with mass spectrometry (MS) and show the impact of fluid flow on metabolic parameters associated with NO synthesis using 2D and 3D platforms. Specifically, we tracked the conversion of stable-isotope labeled NO substrate L-Arginine to L-Citrulline and L-Ornithine to determine eNOS activity. We demonstrated clear responses in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) cultured with 13C6, 15N4-L-Arginine, and treated with eNOS stimulator, eNOS inhibitor, and arginase inhibitor. Analysis of downstream metabolites, 13C6, 15N3 L-Citrulline and 13C5, 15N2 L-Ornithine, revealed distinct outcomes. Additionally, we evaluated the NO metabolic status in static 2D culture and 3D microvessel models with bidirectional and unidirectional fluid flow. Our 3D model exhibited significant effects, particularly in microvessels exposed to the eNOS stimulator, as indicated by the 13C6, 15N3 L-Citrulline/13C5, 15N2 L-Ornithine ratio, compared to the 2D culture. The obtained results indicate that the 2D static culture mimics an endothelial dysfunction status, while the 3D model with a unidirectional fluid flow provides a more representative physiological environment that provides a better model to study endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Pandian
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luojiao Huang
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abidemi Junaid
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Stanic B, Kokai D, Markovic Filipovic J, Tomanic T, Vukcevic J, Stojkov V, Andric N. Vascular endothelial effects of dibutyl phthalate: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111120. [PMID: 38944327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used in many consumer and personal care products. Here, we report vascular endothelial response to DBP in three different exposure scenarios: after short-term exposure (24 h) of human endothelial cells (ECs) EA.hy926 to 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4 M DBP, long-term exposure (12 weeks) of EA.hy926 cells to 10-9, 10-8, and 10-7 M DBP, and exposure of rats (28 and 90 days) to 100, 500, and 5000 mg DBP/kg food. We examined different vascular functions such as migration of ECs, adhesion of ECs to the extracellular matrix, tube formation, the morphology of rat aorta, as well as several signaling pathways involved in controlling endothelial function. Short-term in vitro exposure to DBP increased migration of ECs through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and nitric oxide (NO) signaling and decreased adhesion to gelatin. Long-term in vitro exposure to DBP transiently increased EC migration and had a bidirectional effect on EC adhesion to gelatin and tube formation. These effects were accompanied by a sustained increase in NO production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Akt activity. In vivo, exposure to DBP for 90 days decreased the aortic wall-to-lumen ratio and increased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in ECs of rat aorta. This comparative investigation has shown that exposure to DBP may affect vascular function by altering EC migration, adhesion to gelatin, and tube formation after short- and long-term in vitro exposure and by decreasing the aortic wall-to-lumen ratio in vivo. The eNOS-NO and Akt signaling could be important in mediating the effects of DBP in long-term exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia.
| | - Dunja Kokai
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | | | - Tamara Tomanic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukcevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
| | - Viktor Stojkov
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Serbia
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Yu J, Du Q, Li X, Wei W, Fan Y, Zhang J, Chen J. Potential role of endothelial progenitor cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral aneurysm. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1456775. [PMID: 39193428 PMCID: PMC11348393 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1456775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is a significant health concern that results from pathological dilations of blood vessels in the brain and can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions. While the pathogenesis of CA is complex, emerging studies suggest that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a crucial role. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to investigate the potential role of EPCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of CA. Current research indicates that a decreased count and dysfunction of EPCs disrupt the balance between endothelial dysfunction and repair, thus increasing the risk of CA formation. Reversing these EPCs abnormalities may reduce the progression of vascular degeneration after aneurysm induction, indicating EPCs as a promising target for developing new therapeutic strategies to facilitate CA repair. This has motivated researchers to develop novel treatment options, including drug applications, endovascular-combined and tissue engineering therapies. Although preclinical studies have shown promising results, there is still a considerable way to go before clinical translation and eventual benefits for patients. Nonetheless, these findings offer hope for improving the treatment and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuncun Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Laifeng County People’s Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Limbu S, McCloskey KE. An Endothelial Cell Is Not Simply an Endothelial Cell. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 39030822 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a multifaceted component of the vascular system with roles in immunity, maintaining tissue fluid balance, and vascular tone. Dysregulation or dysfunction of ECs can have far-reaching implications, leading pathologies ranging from cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, ischemia, chronic kidney disease, blood-brain barrier integrity, dementia, and tumor metastasis. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of stem cell-derived ECs, particularly from induced pluripotent stem cells, to treat ischemic tissues, as well as models of vascular integrity. This review summarizes what is known in the generation of ECs with an emphasis on tissue-specific ECs and EC subphenotypes important in the development of targeted cell-based therapies for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Limbu
- Quantitative and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Kara E McCloskey
- Quantitative and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, USA
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Wentzel JJ, Bos D, White SJ, van der Heiden K, Kavousi M, Evans PC. Sex-related differences in coronary and carotid vessel geometry, plaque composition and shear stress obtained from imaging. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117616. [PMID: 38944895 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis manifests itself differently in men and women with respect to plaque initiation, progression and plaque composition. The observed delay in plaque progression in women is thought to be related to the hormonal status of women. Also features associated with the vulnerability of plaques to rupture seem to be less frequently present in women compared to men. Current invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities allow for visualization of plaque size, composition and high risk vulnerable plaque features. Moreover, image based modeling gives access to local shear stress and shear stress-related plaque growth. In this review, current knowledge on sex-related differences in plaque size, composition, high risk plaque features and shear stress related plaque growth in carotid and coronary arteries obtained from imaging are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wentzel
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands.
| | - D Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S J White
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - K van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, the Netherlands
| | - M Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P C Evans
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Ishiko S, Koller A, Deng W, Huang A, Sun D. Liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx restore normal venular permeability and shear stress sensitivity in sepsis: assessed quantitatively with a novel microchamber system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H390-H398. [PMID: 38874615 PMCID: PMC11427114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG), covering the luminal side of endothelial cells, regulates vascular permeability and senses wall shear stress. In sepsis, EG undergoes degradation leading to increased permeability and edema formation. We hypothesized that restoring EG integrity using liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx (LNPG) will restore normal venular permeability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model of mice. To test this hypothesis, we designed a unique perfusion microchamber in which the permeability of isolated venules could be assessed by measuring the concentration of Evans blue dye (EBD) in microliter samples of extravascular solution (ES). Histamine-induced time- and dose-dependent increases in EBD in the ES could be measured, confirming the sensitivity of the microchamber system. Notably, the histamine-induced increase in permeability was significantly attenuated by histamine receptor (H1) antagonist, triprolidine hydrochloride. Subsequently, mice were treated with LPS or LPS + LNPG. When compared with control mice, venules from LPS-treated mice showed a significant increased permeability, which was significantly reduced by LNPG administration. Moreover, in the presence of wall shear stress, intraluminal administration of LNPG significantly reduced the permeability in isolated venules from LPS-treated mice. We have found no sex differences. In conclusion, our newly developed microchamber system allows us to quantitatively measure the permeability of isolated venules. LPS-induced sepsis increases permeability of mesenteric venules that is attenuated by in vivo LNPG administration, which also reestablished endothelial responses to shear stress. Thus, LNPG presents a promising therapeutic potential for restoring EG function and thereby mitigating vasogenic edema due to increased permeability in sepsis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In sepsis, the degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx leads to increased venular permeability. In this study, we developed a potentially new therapeutic approach by in vivo administration of liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx to mice, which restored venular sensitivity to wall shear stress and permeability in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, likely by restoring the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx. Using a new microchamber system, the permeability of Evans blue dye could be quantitatively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishiko
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
- Institute of Translational Medicine, HUN-RES-SE, Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
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Tobe Y, Yagi T, Kawamura K, Suto K, Sawada Y, Hayashi Y, Yoshida H, Nishitani K, Okada Y, Kitahara S, Umezu M. Three-dimensional wall-thickness distributions of unruptured intracranial aneurysms characterized by micro-computed tomography. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1229-1240. [PMID: 38489080 PMCID: PMC11341610 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Aneurysmal rupture is associated with wall thinning, but the mechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the three-dimensional wall-thickness distributions of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Five aneurysmal tissues were investigated using micro-computed tomography. First, the wall thickness was related to the aneurysmal wall appearances during surgery. The median wall thicknesses of the translucent and non-translucent walls were 50.56 and 155.93 µm, respectively (p < 0.05) with significant variation in the non-translucent wall thicknesses (p < 0.05). The three-dimensional observations characterized the spatial variation of wall thicknesses. Thin walls showed a uniform thickness profile ranging from 10 to 40 µm, whereas thick walls presented a peaked thickness profile ranging from 300 to 500 µm. In transition walls, the profile undulated due to the formation of focal thin/thick spots. Overall, the aneurysmal wall thicknesses were strongly site-dependent and spatially varied by 10 to 40 times within individual cases. Aneurysmal walls are exposed to wall stress driven by blood pressure. In theory, the magnitude of wall stress is inversely proportional to wall thickness. Thus, the observed spatial variation of wall thickness may increase the spatial variation of wall stress to a similar extent. The irregular wall thickness may yield stress concentration. The observed thin walls and focal thin spots may be caused by excessive wall stresses at the range of mechanical failure inducing wall injuries, such as microscopic tears, during aneurysmal enlargement. The present results suggested that blood pressure (wall stress) may have a potential of acting as a trigger of aneurysmal wall injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Tobe
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yagi
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kawamura
- Second Department of Pathology, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenta Suto
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sawada
- Department of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitahara International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshifumi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitahara International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigemi Kitahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitahara International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umezu
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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13
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Tanaka K, Chen M, Prendergast A, Zhuang Z, Nasiri A, Joshi D, Hintzen J, Chung M, Kumar A, Mani A, Koleske A, Crawford J, Nicoli S, Schwartz MA. Latrophilin-2 mediates fluid shear stress mechanotransduction at endothelial junctions. EMBO J 2024; 43:3175-3191. [PMID: 38886581 PMCID: PMC11294477 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress from blood flow are crucial for vascular development, function, and disease. A complex of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), and Plexin D1 located at cell-cell junctions mediates many of these events. However, available evidence suggests that another mechanosensor upstream of PECAM-1 initiates signaling. Hypothesizing that GPCR and Gα proteins may serve this role, we performed siRNA screening of Gα subunits and found that Gαi2 and Gαq/11 are required for activation of the junctional complex. We then developed a new activation assay, which showed that these G proteins are activated by flow. We next mapped the Gα residues required for activation and developed an affinity purification method that used this information to identify latrophilin-2 (Lphn2/ADGRL2) as the upstream GPCR. Latrophilin-2 is required for all PECAM-1 downstream events tested. In both mice and zebrafish, latrophilin-2 is required for flow-dependent angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Furthermore, endothelial-specific knockout demonstrates that latrophilin plays a role in flow-dependent artery remodeling. Human genetic data reveal a correlation between the latrophilin-2-encoding Adgrl2 gene and cardiovascular disease. Together, these results define a pathway that connects latrophilin-dependent G protein activation to subsequent endothelial signaling, vascular physiology, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Minghao Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Divyesh Joshi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jared Hintzen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Minhwan Chung
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Anthony Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Ning DS, Zhou ZQ, Zhou SH, Chen JM. Identification of macrophage differentiation related genes and subtypes linking atherosclerosis plaque processing and metabolic syndrome via integrated bulk and single-cell sequence analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34295. [PMID: 39130409 PMCID: PMC11315131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome(MS) is a separate risk factor for the advancement of atherosclerosis(AS) plaque but mechanism behind this remains unclear. There may be a significant role for the immune system in this process. This study aims to identify potential diagnostic genes in MS patients at a higher risk of developing and progressing to AS. Datasets were retrevied from gene expression omnibus(GEO) database and differentially expressed genes were identified. Hub genes, immune cell dysregulation and AS subtypes were identified using a conbination of muliple bioinformatic analysis, machine learning and consensus clustering. Diagnostic value of hub genes was estimated using a nomogram and ROC analysis. Finally, enrichment analysis, competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA) network, single-cell RNA(scRNA) sequencing analysis and drug-protein interaction prediction was constructed to identify the functional roles, potential regulators and distribution for hub genes. Four hub genes and two macrophage-related subtypes were identified. Their strong diagnostic value was validated and functional process were identified. ScRNA analysis identified the macrophage differentiation regulation function of F13A1. CeRNA network and drug-protein binding modes revealed the potential therapeutic method. Four immune-correlated hub genes(F13A1, MMRN1, SLCO2A1 and ZNF521) were identified with their diagnostic value being assesed, which F13A1 was found strong correlated with macrophage differentiation and could be potential diagnostic and therapeutic marker for AS progression in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sheng Ning
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Southern China Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zi-Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Southern China Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shu-Heng Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Southern China Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
- Southern China Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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15
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Mendoza MF, Suan NM, Lavie CJ. Exploring the Molecular Adaptations, Benefits, and Future Direction of Exercise Training: Updated Insights into Cardiovascular Health. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:131. [PMID: 39189216 PMCID: PMC11348267 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes the globally accepted physical activity guidelines and explores the various molecular adaptations that occur with continuous exercise. It is essential to highlight the critical roles of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscle mass in reducing mortality and enhancing quality of life. It has been shown in various studies that there are certainly substantial reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Resistance training is also examined, which, likewise, reveals significant mortality benefits, even with minimal weekly engagement. When delving into the molecular mechanisms, it is apparent that exercise training favorably influences certain cardiovascular conditions, mostly owing to its effect on enhanced lipid metabolism, improvement in glucose regulation, ability to modulate inflammation and oxidative processes, and induction of other cardioprotective effects like improved sympathetic tone and left ventricular remodeling. Cardiovascular diseases and malignancy also share the same risk factors, which explains why exercise can also mitigate the risk of developing many types of cancers. But despite these advancements in research, cardiovascular diseases continue to be prevalent, which may suggest the need to devise other means of promoting physical activity involvement. These approaches may include a greater emphasis on the societal benefits of increased exercise adherence, facilitated by community involvement and technological advancements in fitness tracking devices. We conclude that the future directions for exercise research should emphasize the need for personalized or tailored exercise programs to make it more engaging, accessible, and inclusive for a diverse set of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Mendoza
- The Gayle and Tom Benson Cancer Center, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Nina M. Suan
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Metro Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
- Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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16
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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17
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Ning L, Zanella S, Tomov ML, Amoli MS, Jin L, Hwang B, Saadeh M, Chen H, Neelakantan S, Dasi LP, Avazmohammadi R, Mahmoudi M, Bauser‐Heaton HD, Serpooshan V. Targeted Rapamycin Delivery via Magnetic Nanoparticles to Address Stenosis in a 3D Bioprinted in Vitro Model of Pulmonary Veins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400476. [PMID: 38696618 PMCID: PMC11234432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Vascular cell overgrowth and lumen size reduction in pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) can result in elevated PV pressure, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac failure, and death. Administration of chemotherapies such as rapamycin have shown promise by inhibiting the vascular cell proliferation; yet clinical success is limited due to complications such as restenosis and off-target effects. The lack of in vitro models to recapitulate the complex pathophysiology of PVS has hindered the identification of disease mechanisms and therapies. This study integrated 3D bioprinting, functional nanoparticles, and perfusion bioreactors to develop a novel in vitro model of PVS. Bioprinted bifurcated PV constructs are seeded with endothelial cells (ECs) and perfused, demonstrating the formation of a uniform and viable endothelium. Computational modeling identified the bifurcation point at high risk of EC overgrowth. Application of an external magnetic field enabled targeting of the rapamycin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles at the bifurcation site, leading to a significant reduction in EC proliferation with no adverse side effects. These results establish a 3D bioprinted in vitro model to study PV homeostasis and diseases, offering the potential for increased throughput, tunability, and patient specificity, to test new or more effective therapies for PVS and other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCleveland State UniversityClevelandOH44115USA
| | - Stefano Zanella
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Mehdi Salar Amoli
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Linqi Jin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Maher Saadeh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Huang Chen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Sunder Neelakantan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Reza Avazmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
- J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77840USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LandingMI48824USA
| | - Holly D. Bauser‐Heaton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30322USA
- Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
- Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30322USA
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30322USA
- Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA30322USA
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18
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He J, Duan P, Liu Y, Feng T, Wang S, Lin X, Xie J, Liu X. Unveiling the Impact of Hemodynamics on Endothelial Inflammation-Mediated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Using a Biomimetic Vascular Flow Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304439. [PMID: 38486060 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hematogenous dissemination is a leading cause of HCC-related deaths. The inflammatory facilitates this process by promoting the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells in the circulatory system. But the contribution of hemodynamics to this process remains poorly understood due to the lack of a suitable vascular flow model for investigation. This study develops a vascular flow model to examine the impact of hemodynamics on endothelial inflammation-mediated HCC metastasis. This work finds the increasing shear stress will reduce the recruitment of HCC cells by disturbing adhesion forces between endothelium and HCC cells. However, this reduction will be restored by the inflammation. When applying high FSS (4-6 dyn cm-2) to the inflammatory endothelium, there will be a 4.8-fold increase in HCC cell adhesions compared to normal condition. Nevertheless, the increase fold of cell adhesions is inapparent, around 1.5-fold, with low and medium FSS. This effect can be attributed to the FSS-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 of the inflammatory endothelium, which serve to strengthen cell binding forces. These findings indicate that hemodynamics plays a key role in HCC metastasis during endothelial inflammation by regulating the expression of adhesion-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peiyan Duan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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19
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Reddy MPVN, Bachal K, Gandhi P, Majumder A. A high-throughput flowless microfluidic single and multi-solute concentration gradient generator: Design and parametric study. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:044106. [PMID: 39175658 PMCID: PMC11338633 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic concentration gradient generators (μ-CGGs) are critical in various biochemical assays, including cell migration, drug screening, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, current μ-CGGs rely on integration with flow systems, limiting their scalability and widespread adoption owing to limited infrastructure and technical expertise. Hence, there is a need for flowless diffusional gradient generators capable of standalone operation, thereby improving throughput and usability. In this study, we model such a diffusional μ-CGG as an infinite source-sink system to capture two characteristic timescales: (i) gradient generation dictated by the diffusion timescale and (ii) stability determined by the rate of change in reservoir concentrations. Through finite-element simulations, we explored the influence of various geometric parameters such as the channel length, cross-sectional area, node and reservoir volumes, and the solute diffusivity on these timescales, along with experimental confirmation using fluorescent tracer diffusion. Our results show that while the gradient stability strongly depends on the reservoir volumes, diffusion length, and solute diffusion coefficient, they are independent of the node shape or the shape of the channel cross section. However, gradient profiles were found to be the strong functions of the diffusion length, solute diffusivity, and the geometric pattern of the microfluidic grid. Additionally, we showcased the versatility of the design by generating discrete gradient profiles and combinatorial gradients of two and three solutes, thus improving throughput in a wide range of on-chip biological assays. These findings underscore the potential of our microfluidic device as an easy-to-use, inexpensive, efficient, and high-throughput platform for various on-chip biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ketaki Bachal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, India
| | - Prasanna Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, India
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20
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Tanaka K, Chen M, Prendergast A, Zhuang Z, Nasiri A, Joshi D, Hintzen J, Chung M, Kumar A, Mani A, Koleske A, Crawford J, Nicoli S, Schwartz MA. Latrophilin-2 mediates fluid shear stress mechanotransduction at endothelial junctions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598386. [PMID: 38915515 PMCID: PMC11195282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress from blood flow are crucial for vascular development, function and disease. A complex of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and PlexinD1 located at cell-cell junctions mediates many of these events. But available evidence suggests that another mechanosensor upstream of PECAM-1 initiates signaling. Hypothesizing that GPCR and Gα proteins may serve this role, we performed siRNA screening of Gα subunits and found that Gαi2 and Gαq/11 are required for activation of the junctional complex. We then developed a new activation assay, which showed that these G proteins are activated by flow. We next mapped the Gα residues required for activation and developed an affinity purification method that used this information to identify latrophilin-2 (Lphn-2/ADGRL2) as the upstream GPCR. Latrophilin-2 is required for all PECAM-1 downstream events tested. In both mice and zebrafish, latrophilin-2 is required for flow-dependent angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Furthermore, endothelial specific knockout demonstrates that latrophilin plays a role in flow-dependent artery remodeling. Human genetic data reveal a correlation between the latrophilin-2-encoding Adgrl2 gene and cardiovascular disease. Together, these results define a pathway that connects latrophilin-dependent G protein activation to subsequent endothelial signaling, vascular physiology and disease.
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21
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Mandrycky C, Ishida T, Rayner SG, Heck AM, Hadland B, Zheng Y. Under pressure: integrated endothelial cell response to hydrostatic and shear stresses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596749. [PMID: 38854073 PMCID: PMC11160699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood flow within the vasculature is a critical determinant of endothelial cell (EC) identity and functionality, yet the intricate interplay of various hemodynamic forces and their collective impact on endothelial and vascular responses are not fully understood. Specifically, the role of hydrostatic pressure in the EC flow response is understudied, despite its known significance in vascular development and disease. To address this gap, we developed in vitro models to investigate how pressure influences EC responses to flow. Our study demonstrates that elevated pressure conditions significantly modify shear-induced flow alignment and increase endothelial cell density. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that, while shear stress remains the primary driver of flow-induced transcriptional changes, pressure modulates shear-induced signaling in a dose-dependent manner. These pressure-responsive transcriptional signatures identified in human ECs were conserved during the onset of circulation in early mouse embryonic vascular development, where pressure was notably associated with transcriptional programs essential to arterial and hemogenic EC fates. Our findings suggest that pressure plays a synergistic role with shear stress on ECs and emphasizes the need for an integrative approach to endothelial cell mechanotransduction, one that encompasses the effects induced by pressure alongside other hemodynamic forces.
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22
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Singh A, Bhatt KS, Nguyen HC, Frisbee JC, Singh KK. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6180. [PMID: 38892367 PMCID: PMC11173124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under different pathophysiological conditions, endothelial cells lose endothelial phenotype and gain mesenchymal cell-like phenotype via a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). At the molecular level, endothelial cells lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and gain the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, and collagens. EndMT is induced by numerous different pathways triggered and modulated by multiple different and often redundant mechanisms in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathophysiological status of the cell. EndMT plays an essential role in embryonic development, particularly in atrioventricular valve development; however, EndMT is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several genetically determined and acquired diseases, including malignant, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Among cardiovascular diseases, aberrant EndMT is reported in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, fibroelastosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms behind the cause and/or effect of EndMT to eventually target EndMT appears to be a promising strategy for treating aberrant EndMT-associated diseases. However, this approach is limited by a lack of precise functional and molecular pathways, causes and/or effects, and a lack of robust animal models and human data about EndMT in different diseases. Here, we review different mechanisms in EndMT and the role of EndMT in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Kriti S. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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23
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Ya X, Ma L, Li H, Ge P, Zheng Z, Mou S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhang Q, Ye X, Zhang D, Zhao J. Exploring the relationship between hemodynamics and the immune microenvironment in carotid atherosclerosis: Insights from CFD and CyTOF technologies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241251976. [PMID: 38833561 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241251976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke. Hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and oscillatory shear, play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The alteration of the immune microenvironment is the fundamental pathological mechanism by which diverse external environmental factors impact the formation and progression of plaques. However, Current research on the relationship between hemodynamics and immunity in atherosclerosis still lack of comprehensive understanding. In this study, we combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Mass cytometry (CyTOF) technologies to explore the changes in the immune microenvironment within plaques under different hemodynamic conditions. Our results indicated that neutrophils were enriched in adverse flow environments. M2-like CD163+CD86+ macrophages were predominantly enriched in high WSS and low OSI environments, while CD163-CD14+ macrophages were enriched in low WSS and high OSI environments. Functional analysis further revealed T cell pro-inflammatory activation and dysregulation in modulation, along with an imbalance in M1-like/M2-like macrophages, suggesting their potential involvement in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions mediated by adverse flow patterns. Our study elucidated the potential mechanisms by which hemodynamics regulated the immune microenvironment within plaques, providing intervention targets for future precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Mou
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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24
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Bruoha S, Galli M, Sabouret P, Yosefy C, Taha L, Gragnano F, Savage MP, Shuvy M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Glikson M, Asher E. Atherosclerotic Plaque Erosion: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies-A Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:547-556. [PMID: 38421206 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is an insidious and progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-laden plaques within the intima of arterial walls with potentially devastating consequences. While rupture of vulnerable plaques has been extensively studied, a distinct mechanism known as plaque erosion (PE) has gained recognition and attention in recent years. PE, characterized by the loss of endothelial cell lining in the presence of intact fibrous cap, contributes to a significant and growing proportion of acute coronary events. However, despite a heterogeneous substrate underlying coronary thrombosis, treatment remains identical. This article provides an overview of atherosclerotic PE characteristics and its underlying mechanisms, highlights its clinical implications, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bruoha
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Mattia Galli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- National College of French Cardiologists, 13 rue Niepce, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Chaim Yosefy
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Louay Taha
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Michael P Savage
- Division of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mony Shuvy
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy ; and
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Glikson
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Asher
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Boylin K, Aquino GV, Purdon M, Abedi K, Kasendra M, Barrile R. Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032007. [PMID: 38749420 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complexities of the human brain's function in health and disease is a formidable challenge in neuroscience. While traditional models like animals offer valuable insights, they often fall short in accurately mirroring human biology and drug responses. Moreover, recent legislation has underscored the need for more predictive models that more accurately represent human physiology. To address this requirement, human-derived cell cultures have emerged as a crucial alternative for biomedical research. However, traditional static cell culture models lack the dynamic tissue microenvironment that governs human tissue function. Advancedin vitrosystems, such as organoids and microphysiological systems (MPSs), bridge this gap by offering more accurate representations of human biology. Organoids, which are three-dimensional miniaturized organ-like structures derived from stem cells, exhibit physiological responses akin to native tissues, but lack essential tissue-specific components such as functional vascular structures and immune cells. Recent endeavors have focused on incorporating endothelial cells and immune cells into organoids to enhance vascularization, maturation, and disease modeling. MPS, including organ-on-chip technologies, integrate diverse cell types and vascularization under dynamic culture conditions, revolutionizing brain research by bridging the gap betweenin vitroandin vivomodels. In this review, we delve into the evolution of MPS, with a particular focus on highlighting the significance of vascularization in enhancing the viability, functionality, and disease modeling potential of organoids. By examining the interplay of vasculature and neuronal cells within organoids, we can uncover novel therapeutic targets and gain valuable insights into disease mechanisms, offering the promise of significant advancements in neuroscience and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Boylin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Grace V Aquino
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Purdon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kimia Abedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Kasendra
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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26
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Hong SG, Ashby JW, Kennelly JP, Wu M, Steel M, Chattopadhyay E, Foreman R, Tontonoz P, Tarling EJ, Turowski P, Gallagher-Jones M, Mack JJ. Mechanosensitive membrane domains regulate calcium entry in arterial endothelial cells to protect against inflammation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175057. [PMID: 38771648 PMCID: PMC11213468 DOI: 10.1172/jci175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) in the descending aorta are exposed to high laminar shear stress, and this supports an antiinflammatory phenotype. High laminar shear stress also induces flow-aligned cell elongation and front-rear polarity, but whether these are required for the antiinflammatory phenotype is unclear. Here, we showed that caveolin-1-rich microdomains polarize to the downstream end of ECs that are exposed to continuous high laminar flow. These microdomains were characterized by high membrane rigidity, filamentous actin (F-actin), and raft-associated lipids. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV4) ion channels were ubiquitously expressed on the plasma membrane but mediated localized Ca2+ entry only at these microdomains where they physically interacted with clustered caveolin-1. These focal Ca2+ bursts activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase within the confines of these domains. Importantly, we found that signaling at these domains required both cell body elongation and sustained flow. Finally, TRPV4 signaling at these domains was necessary and sufficient to suppress inflammatory gene expression and exogenous activation of TRPV4 channels ameliorated the inflammatory response to stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. Our work revealed a polarized mechanosensitive signaling hub in arterial ECs that dampened inflammatory gene expression and promoted cell resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Gook Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Molecular Biology Institute
| | | | - John P. Kennelly
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Meigan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Molecular Biology Institute
| | | | | | - Rob Foreman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Molecular Biology Institute
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | | | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Gallagher-Jones
- Correlated Imaging, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Molecular Biology Institute
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27
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Khachatryan A, Chow RT, Srivastava MC, Cinar T, Alejandro J, Sargsyan M, Shaik MR, Tamazyan V, Haque RU, Harutyunyan H. The Ramus Intermedius: A Bridge to Survival in the Setting of Triple-Vessel Total Occlusion. Cureus 2024; 16:e61288. [PMID: 38947610 PMCID: PMC11211964 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease continues to remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Coronary blood supply is provided through the right and left main coronary arteries. The left main coronary artery (LMCA) in turn gives rise to the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries. In some cases, LMCA may trifurcate into the ramus intermedius (RI) in addition to the LAD and LCX arteries. Atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture with subsequent clot formation and occlusion of coronary arteries are the underlying mechanisms of myocardial infarction. Though the clinical implications of the presence of ramus intermedius (RI) are controversial some data suggest that the RI is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the LMCA and the proximal LAD. Conversely, it has been proposed that the RI provides an additional collateral source of blood supply to the myocardium and may potentially contribute to improved survival. Case reports tout the benefits of RI, specifically in the setting of multivessel coronary artery occlusions. Whether it increases the risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation or whether it is protective has yet to be determined. We present a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with acute coronary syndrome and cardiogenic shock due to total ostial occlusion of LAD. The patient had also chronic total occlusions of the right coronary artery and LCX but a patent RI, which was the only source of blood supply to the myocardium and practically determined the patient's survival. Additionally, we performed a literature review to identify similar cases, to support RI's potentially protective role in enhancing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksan Khachatryan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robert Td Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mukta C Srivastava
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tufan Cinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joel Alejandro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vahagn Tamazyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Reyaz U Haque
- Department of Cardiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Midtown Campus, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hakob Harutyunyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
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28
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Ren H, Hu W, Jiang T, Yao Q, Qi Y, Huang K. Mechanical stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: Novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116545. [PMID: 38603884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Others and our studies have shown that mechanical stresses (forces) including shear stress and cyclic stretch, occur in various pathological conditions, play significant roles in the development and progression of CVDs. Mitochondria regulate the physiological processes of cardiac and vascular cells mainly through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium flux and redox control while promote cell death through electron transport complex (ETC) related cellular stress response. Mounting evidence reveal that mechanical stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many CVDs including heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review summarized mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular system under physiological mechanical stress and mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological mechanical stress in CVDs (graphical abstract). The study of mitochondrial dysfunction under mechanical stress can further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, identify potential therapeutic targets, and aid the development of novel treatments of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiyi Hu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingxin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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29
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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30
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Twamley SG, Gimber N, Sánchez-Ibarra HE, Christaller T, Isakzai V, Kratz H, Mitra R, Kampen L, Stach A, Heilmann H, Söhl-Kielczynski B, Ebong EE, Schmoranzer J, Münster-Wandowski A, Ludwig A. Lack of Laminar Shear Stress Facilitates the Endothelial Uptake of Very Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Modulating the Endothelial Surface Layer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3123-3142. [PMID: 38585474 PMCID: PMC10998537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s437714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study whether the absence of laminar shear stress (LSS) enables the uptake of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) in endothelial cells by altering the composition, size, and barrier function of the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Methods and Results A quantitative particle exclusion assay with living human umbilical endothelial cells using spinning disc confocal microscopy revealed that the dimension of the ESL was reduced in cells cultivated in the absence of LSS. By combining gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, high pressure freezing/freeze substitution immuno-transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we investigated changes in ESL composition. We found that increased expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 by absence of shear stress did not affect the uptake rate of VSOPs. We identified collagen as a previously neglected component of ESL that contributes to its barrier function. Experiments with inhibitor halofuginone and small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that suppression of collagen expression facilitates VSOP uptake in endothelial cells grown under LSS. Conclusion The absence of laminar shear stress disturbs the barrier function of the ESL, facilitating membrane accessibility and endocytic uptake of VSOP. Collagen, a previously neglected component of ESL, contributes to its barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailey Gale Twamley
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Héctor Eduardo Sánchez-Ibarra
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Christaller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Isakzai
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lena Kampen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Stach
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Heilmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berit Söhl-Kielczynski
- Institute for Integrative Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eno Essien Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Münster-Wandowski
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cheng L, Shi H, Du L, Liu Q, Yue H, Zhang H, Liu X, Xie J, Shen Y. Hemodynamic force dictates endothelial angiogenesis through MIEN1-ERK/MAPK-signaling axis. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31177. [PMID: 38214132 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that blood flow at branches and bends of arteries generates disturbed shear stress, which plays a crucial in driving atherosclerosis. Flow-generated fluid shear stress (FSS), as one of the key hemodynamic factors, is appreciated for its critical involvement in regulating angiogenesis to facilitate wound healing and tissue repair. Endothelial cells can directly sense FSS but the mechanobiological mechanism by which they decode different patterns of FSS to trigger angiogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, laminar shear stress (LSS, 15 dyn/cm2) was employed to mimic physiological blood flow, while disturbed shear stress (DSS, ranging from 0.5 ± 4 dyn/cm2) was applied to simulate pathological conditions. The aim was to investigate how these distinct types of blood flow regulated endothelial angiogenesis. Initially, we observed that DSS impaired angiogenesis and downregulated endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) expression compared to LSS. We further found that the changes in membrane protein, migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) play a role in regulating ERK/MAPK signaling, thereby contributing to endothelial angiogenesis in response to FSS. We also showed the involvement of MIEN1-directed cytoskeleton organization. These findings suggest the significance of shear stress in endothelial angiogenesis, thereby enhancing our understanding of the alterations in angiogenesis that occur during the transition from physiological to pathological blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyu Shi
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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32
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Liu S, Han Y, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Atomic force microscopy in disease-related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:660-684. [PMID: 38063315 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in human medicine, certain diseases remain challenging to promptly diagnose and treat. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of more exhaustive criteria and tools. Tissue and cellular mechanics exhibit distinctive traits in both normal and pathological states, suggesting that "force" represents a promising and distinctive target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds great promise as a prospective clinical medical device due to its capability to concurrently assess surface morphology and mechanical characteristics of biological specimens within a physiological setting. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the operational principles of AFM and diverse mechanical models, focusing on its applications in investigating tissue and cellular mechanics associated with prevalent diseases. The findings from these studies lay a solid groundwork for potential clinical implementations of AFM. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: By examining the surface morphology and assessing tissue and cellular mechanics of biological specimens in a physiological setting, AFM shows promise as a clinical device to diagnose and treat challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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Li Z, Yu D, Zhou C, Wang F, Lu K, Liu Y, Xu J, Xuan L, Wang X. Engineering vascularised organoid-on-a-chip: strategies, advances and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2024; 5:21-32. [PMID: 39220668 PMCID: PMC11362354 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in microfabrication technology and tissue engineering have propelled the development of a novel drug screening and disease modelling platform known as organoid-on-a-chip. This platform integrates organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies, emerging as a promising approach for in vitro modelling of human organ physiology. Organoid-on-a-chip devices leverage microfluidic systems to simulate the physiological microenvironment of specific organs, offering a more dynamic and flexible setting that can mimic a more comprehensive human biological context. However, the lack of functional vasculature has remained a significant challenge in this technology. Vascularisation is crucial for the long-term culture and in vitro modelling of organoids, holding important implications for drug development and personalised medical approaches. This review provides an overview of research progress in developing vascularised organoid-on-a-chip models, addressing methods for in vitro vascularisation and advancements in vascularised organoids. The aim is to serve as a reference for future endeavors in constructing fully functional vascularised organoid-on-a-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Li
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingyuan Yu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Zhou
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyi Lu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xuan
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Junejo RT, Gupta D, Snowdon RL, Lip GYH, Fisher JP. Relationship of Warfarin and Apixaban with Vascular Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J Vasc Res 2024; 61:59-67. [PMID: 38447552 PMCID: PMC10997243 DOI: 10.1159/000535618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with endothelial damage/dysfunction. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is superior in AF patients taking apixaban compared to warfarin. METHODS AF patients on apixaban (n = 46; 67 [7] years; mean [standard deviation]; 15 women) and warfarin (n = 27; 73 [9] years (p < 0.01); 11 women) were recruited. Duplex Doppler ultrasound imaging was undertaken during baseline (2 min), cuff inflation (5 min), and following cuff deflation (3 min). FMD was defined as peak increase in brachial artery diameter following cuff deflation and analysed as percentage change in diameter, as a ratio of FMD, shear rate area under the curve (SRAUC; FMD-to-SRAUC), and using SRAUC as a covariate (FMDSR). RESULTS Baseline artery diameter (4.96 [1.14] vs. 4.89 [0.88] mm), peak diameter (5.12 [1.17] vs. 5.14 [0.93] mm), and FMDSR (3.89 [3.62] vs. 4.80 [3.60] %) were not different between warfarin and apixaban (p > 0.05; analysis of covariance with age, CHA2DS2-VASc, years since AF diagnosis, number of diabetics, alcohol drinkers, and units of alcohol consumed per week as covariates). Stepwise multiple regression identified independent association of fibrillation, hypertension, and increased age with FMD. CONCLUSION AF patients on warfarin and apixaban exhibit similar endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Increased blood pressure negatively impacts vasodilator capacity in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan T Junejo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK,
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard L Snowdon
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hernández-Espinosa LC, Hernández-Muñoz R. Blood flow-bearing physical forces, endothelial glycocalyx, and liver enzyme mobilization: A hypothesis. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313462. [PMID: 38231124 PMCID: PMC10794122 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous elements involved in shear stress-induced signaling have been identified, recognizing their functions as mechanotransducing ion channels situated at cellular membranes. This form of mechanical signaling relies on transmembrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins that restructure the cytoskeleton, contributing to mechanotransduction cascades. Notably, blood flow generates mechanical forces that significantly impact the structure and remodeling of blood vessels. The primary regulation of blood vessel responses occurs through hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelium. These mechanical events intricately govern endothelial biophysical, biochemical, and genetic responses. Endothelial cells, positioned on the intimal surface of blood vessels, have the capability to express components of the glycocalyx. This endothelial structure emerges as a pivotal factor in mechanotransduction and the regulation of vascular tone. The endothelial glycocalyx assumes diverse roles in both health and disease. Our findings propose a connection between the release of specific enzymes from the rat liver and variations in the hepatic blood flow/mass ratio. Importantly, this phenomenon is not correlated with liver necrosis. Consequently, this review serves as an exploration of the potential involvement of membrane proteins in a hypothetical mechanotransducing phenomenon capable of controlling the release of liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carmina Hernández-Espinosa
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Wang Q, Han J, Liang Z, Geng X, Du Y, Zhou J, Yao W, Xu T. FSH Is Responsible for Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Associated Atherosclerosis in Mice by Exaggerating Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:698-719. [PMID: 38205641 PMCID: PMC10880942 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. But ADTs with orchiectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which appears less significant with GnRH antagonist. The difference of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ADT modalities is hypothesized to be responsible for ADT-associated cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We administered orchiectomy, GnRH agonist, or GnRH antagonist in male ApoE-/- mice fed with Western diet and manipulated FSH levels by testosterone and FSH supplementation or FSH antibody to investigate the role of FSH elevation on atherosclerosis. By combining lipidomics, in vitro study, and intraluminal FSHR (FSH receptor) inhibition, we delineated the effects of FSH on endothelium and monocytes and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Orchiectomy and GnRH agonist, but not GnRH antagonist, induced long- or short-term FSH elevation and significantly accelerated atherogenesis. In orchiectomized and testosterone-supplemented mice, FSH exposure increased atherosclerosis. In GnRH agonist-treated mice, blocking of short FSH surge by anti-FSHβ antibody greatly alleviated endothelial inflammation and delayed atherogenesis. In GnRH antagonist-treated mice, FSH supplementation aggravated atherogenesis. Mechanistically, FSH, synergizing with TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), exacerbated endothelial inflammation by elevating VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion protein 1) expression through the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)/c-Jun and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta)/GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6) pathways. In monocytes, FSH upregulated CD29 (cluster of differentiation 29) expression via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/SP1 (specificity protein 1) pathway and promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FSHR knockdown by shRNA in endothelium of carotid arteries markedly reduced GnRH agonist-induced endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS FSH is responsible for ADT-associated atherosclerosis by exaggerating endothelial inflammation and promoting monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (Q.W.)
| | - Jingli Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Zhenhui Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.Y.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
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Bai X, Wang S, Li N, Xu M, Chen JL, Qian YP, Wang TH. Role of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the protection of cerebral ischemia and associated molecular network mechanism. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14475. [PMID: 38433560 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
To explore the of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) and associated molecular network mechanism. Venny diagram, gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), hub genes mining, molecular docking, combined with animal experiments and Nissl stain were performed to determine the molecular network mechanism of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription for CIR treatment. Fifty three intersecting genes between Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription and cerebral ischemia reperfusion were acquired from Venny analysis. GO analysis showed that the main biological process (BP) was response to lipopolysaccharide, and the main cell localization (CC) process was membrane raft, while the most important molecular function (MF) process is Cytokine receptor binding. Moreover, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications is the most important signaling pathway in KEGG pathway. Through molecular docking, it was found that Astragalus membranaceus was docked with MAPK14, IL4, FOS, IL6, and JUN; pueraria membranaceus was directly docked with JUN and IL4; Acorus acorus was linked to JUN and MAPK14; Ganoderma ganoderma and human were involved in JUN docking, and Ligusticum chuanqi and pueraria could not be docked with MAPK14, respectively. The results of animal experiments showed that Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription significantly improved behavioral performance and reduced the number of neuronal deaths in rats subjected to CIR, and molecular mechanisms are associated with FOS, IL-6, IL4, JUN, and MAPK14, of there, IL-6, as a vital candidator, which has been confirmed by immunostaining detection. Together, Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription has positive therapeutic effect on CIR, and the underlying mechanism is involved MAPK14, FOS, IL4, and JUN network, while IL-6 may be as a vital target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Anatomy, College of basic medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ping Qian
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Sun D, Ma J, Du L, Liu Q, Yue H, Peng C, Chen H, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Fluid shear stress induced-endothelial phenotypic transition contributes to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and repair. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016110. [PMID: 38414635 PMCID: PMC10898918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term ischemia leads to insufficient cerebral microvascular perfusion and dysfunction. Reperfusion restores physiological fluid shear stress (FSS) but leads to serious injury. The mechanism underlying FSS-induced endothelial injury in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was constructed to explore cerebrovascular endothelial function and inflammation in vivo. Additionally, the rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) were exposed to a laminar FSS of 0.5 dyn/cm2 for 6 h and subsequently restored to physiological fluid shear stress level (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 and 12 h, respectively. We found that reperfusion induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial cells, leading to serious blood-brain barrier dysfunction and endothelial inflammation, accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP). During the later stage of reperfusion, cerebral endothelium was restored to the endothelial phenotype with a distinct change in mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT), while YAP was translocated and phosphorylated in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of YAP or inhibition of actin polymerization markedly impaired the EndMT in rBMECs. These findings suggest that ischemia-reperfusion increased intensity of FSS triggered an EndMT process and, thus, led to endothelial inflammation and tissue injury, whereas continuous FSS induced a time-dependent reversal MEndT event contributing to the endothelial repair. This study provides valuable insight for therapeutic strategies targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengxiu Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Cavallero S, Roustaei M, Satta S, Cho JM, Phan H, Baek KI, Blázquez-Medela AM, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Vu K, Park SK, Yokota T, Sumner J, Mack JJ, Sigmund CD, Reddy ST, Li R, Hsiai TK. Exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates metabolic transducer SCD1 to catalyze vascular protective metabolites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7481. [PMID: 38354249 PMCID: PMC10866565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise promotes pulsatile shear stress in the arterial circulation and ameliorates cardiometabolic diseases. However, exercise-mediated metabolic transducers for vascular protection remain under-investigated. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that wild-type mice undergoing voluntary wheel running exercise expressed increased endothelial stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) that catalyzes anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites, namely, oleic (OA) and palmitoleic acids (PA), to mitigate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In silico analysis revealed that exercise augmented time-averaged wall shear stress but mitigated flow recirculation and oscillatory shear index in the lesser curvature of the mouse aortic arch. Following exercise, endothelial Scd1-deleted mice (Ldlr-/- Scd1EC-/-) on high-fat diet developed persistent VCAM1-positive endothelium in the lesser curvature and the descending aorta, whereas SCD1 overexpression via adenovirus transfection mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Single-cell transcriptomics of the aorta identified Scd1-positive and Vcam1-negative endothelial subclusters interacting with other candidate genes. Thus, exercise mitigates flow recirculation and activates endothelial SCD1 to catalyze OA and PA for vascular endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Phan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheila Gonzalez-Ramos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Khoa Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Psychology, College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rongsong Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Khapchaev AY, Vorotnikov AV, Antonova OA, Samsonov MV, Shestakova EA, Sklyanik IA, Tomilova AO, Shestakova MV, Shirinsky VP. Shear Stress and the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Independently Protect the Vascular Endothelium from Palmitate Lipotoxicity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:339. [PMID: 38397940 PMCID: PMC10886486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids are thought to play a critical role in metabolic disorders associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their vascular complications via effects on the vascular endothelium. The most abundant saturated free fatty acid, palmitate, exerts lipotoxic effects on the vascular endothelium, eventually leading to cell death. Shear stress activates the endothelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor, and protects endothelial cells from lipotoxicity, however their relationship is uncertain. Here, we used isoform-specific shRNA-mediated silencing of AMPK to explore its involvement in the long-term protection of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against palmitate lipotoxicity and to relate it to the effects of shear stress. We demonstrated that it is the α1 catalytic subunit of AMPK that is critical for HUVEC protection under static conditions, whereas AMPK-α2 autocompensated a substantial loss of AMPK-α1, but failed to protect the cells from palmitate. Shear stress equally protected the wild type HUVECs and those lacking either α1, or α2, or both AMPK-α isoforms; however, the protective effect of AMPK reappeared after returning to static conditions. Moreover, in human adipose microvascular endothelial cells isolated from obese diabetic individuals, shear stress was a strong protector from palmitate lipotoxicity, thus highlighting the importance of circulation that is often obstructed in obesity/T2D. Altogether, these results indicate that AMPK is important for vascular endothelial cell protection against lipotoxicity in the static environment, however it may be dispensable for persistent and more effective protection exerted by shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Y. Khapchaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Olga A. Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Samsonov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Igor A. Sklyanik
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Alina O. Tomilova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir P. Shirinsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
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Chen LJ, Li JYS, Nguyen P, He M, Chen ZB, Subramaniam S, Shyy JYJ, Chien S. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils unique transcriptomic signatures of endothelial cells and role of ENO1 in response to disturbed flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318904121. [PMID: 38261622 PMCID: PMC10835041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318904121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow patterns exert significant effects on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to lead to the focal nature of atherosclerosis. Using a step flow chamber to investigate the effects of disturbed shear (DS) and pulsatile shear (PS) on ECs in the same flow channel, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analyses to explore the distinct transcriptomic profiles regulated by DS vs. PS. Integrated analysis identified eight cell clusters and demonstrated that DS induces EC transition from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes. Using an automated cell type annotation algorithm (SingleR), we showed that DS promoted endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) by inducing the transcriptional phenotypes for inflammation, hypoxia responses, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. Enolase 1 (ENO1), a key gene in glycolysis, was one of the top-ranked genes in the DS-induced EndMT cluster. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that the kinetic expression of ENO1 was significantly associated with EndMT and that ENO1 silencing repressed the DS- and TGF-β-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. Consistent with these findings, ENO1 was highly expressed in ECs at the inner curvature of the mouse aortic arch (which is exposed to DS) and atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting its proatherogenic role in vivo. In summary, we present a comprehensive single-cell atlas of ECs in response to different flow patterns within the same flow channel. Among the DS-regulated genes, ENO1 plays an important role in DS-induced EC inflammation and EndMT. These results provide insights into how hemodynamic forces regulate vascular endothelium in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Julie Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Phu Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Xue C, Jiang L, Zhang B, Sun J, Zhu H, Lu L, Zhang L, Yu B, Wang W, Xu B, Jin Z, Yu S, Liu J, Ren K, Duan W. Integrative analysis reveals chemokines CCL2 and CXCL5 mediated shear stress-induced aortic dissection formation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23312. [PMID: 38163105 PMCID: PMC10757018 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic dissection (AD) is a critical emergency in cardiovascular disease. AD occurs only in specific sites of the aorta, and the variation of shear stress in different aortic segments is a possible cause not reported. This study investigated the key molecules involved in shear stress-induced AD through quantitative bioinformatic analysis of a public RNA sequencing database and clinical tissue sample validation. Methods Gene expression data from the GSE153434, GSE147026, and GSE52093 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Next, differently expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset were identified and integrated to identify common AD DEGs. STRING, Cytoscape, and MCODE were used to identify hub genes and crucial clustering modules, and Connectivity Map (CMap) was used to identify positive and negative agents. The same procedure was performed for the GSE160611 dataset to obtain shear stress-induced human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) DEGs. After the integration of these two DEGs sets to identify shear stress-associated hub DEGs in AD, Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis was performed. The common chemokine receptors and ligands in AD were identified by analyzing AD's three RNA sequencing datasets. Their origin was verified by analyzing AD single-cell sequencing data and validated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Results We identified 100 down-regulated and 50 up-regulated AD common DEGs. Enrichment results showed that common DEGs were closely related to blood vessel morphogenesis, muscle structure development, muscle tissue development, and chemotaxis. Among those DEGs, MYC, CCL2, and SPP1 are the three molecules with the highest degree. A crucial cluster of 15 genes was identified using MCODE, which contained inflammation-related genes with elevated expression and muscle cell-related genes with decreased expression, and CCL2 is central to immune-related genes. CMap confirmed MEK inhibitors and ALK inhibitors as possible therapeutic agents for AD. Moreover, 366 shear stress-associated DEGs in HAEC were identified in the GSE160611 dataset. After taking the intersection, we identified five shear stress-associated hub DEGs in AD (ANGPTL4, SNAI2, CCL2, GADD45B, and PROM1), and the enrichment analysis indicated they were related to the endothelial cell apoptotic process. Chemokine CCL2 was the molecule with a high degree in both DEG sets. Besides CCL2, CXCL5 was the only chemokine ligand differentially expressed in the three datasets. Additionally, immunoblotting confirmed the increased expression of CCL2 and CXCL5 in clinical tissue samples. Further research at the single-cell level revealed that CCL2 has multiple origins, and CXCL5 is macrophage-derived. Conclusion Through integrative analysis, we identified core common AD DEGs and possible therapeutic agents based on these DEGs. We elucidated that the chemokine CCL2 and CXCL5-mediated "Endothelial-Monocyte-Neutrophil" axis may contribute to the development of shear stress-induced AD. These findings provide possible therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanzhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Tominami K, Kudo TA, Noguchi T, Hayashi Y, Luo YR, Tanaka T, Matsushita A, Izumi S, Sato H, Gengyo-Ando K, Matsuzawa A, Hong G, Nakai J. Physical Stimulation Methods Developed for In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation Studies of PC12 Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:772. [PMID: 38255846 PMCID: PMC10815383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PC12 cells, which are derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells, are widely used for the study of neuronal differentiation. NGF induces neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells by activating intracellular pathways via the TrkA receptor, which results in elongated neurites and neuron-like characteristics. Moreover, the differentiation requires both the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. In addition to NGF, BMPs can also induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. BMPs are part of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily and activate signaling pathways such as p38 MAPK and Smad. However, the brief lifespan of NGF and BMPs may limit their effectiveness in living organisms. Although PC12 cells are used to study the effects of various physical stimuli on neuronal differentiation, the development of new methods and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms are ongoing. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the induction of neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells without relying on NGF, which is already established for electrical, electromagnetic, and thermal stimulation but poses a challenge for mechanical, ultrasound, and light stimulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation induced by physical stimuli remain largely unknown. Elucidating these mechanisms holds promise for developing new methods for neural regeneration and advancing neuroregenerative medical technologies using neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Tominami
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tada-aki Kudo
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - You-Ran Luo
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takakuni Tanaka
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ayumu Matsushita
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Izumi
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Japan
| | - Keiko Gengyo-Ando
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Guang Hong
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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He F, Li M, Wang X, Hua L, Guo T. Numerical investigation of quantitative pulmonary pressure ratio in different degrees of stenosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:1806-1818. [PMID: 38454661 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery stenosis endangers people's health. Quantitative pulmonary pressure ratio (QPPR) is very important for clinicians to quickly diagnose diseases and develop treatment plans. OBJECTIVE Our purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of different degrees (50% and 80%) of pulmonary artery stenosis on QPPR. METHODS An idealized model is established based on the normal size of human pulmonary artery. The hemodynamic governing equations are solved using fluid-structure interaction. RESULTS The results show that the QPPR decreases with the increase of stenosis degree, and it is closely related to the pressure drop at both ends of stenosis. Blood flow velocity and wall shear stress are sensitive to the stenosis degree. When the degree of stenosis is 80%, the amplitude of changes of blood flow velocity and wall shear stress at both ends of stenosis is lower. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the degree of pulmonary artery stenosis has a significant impact on QPPR and hemodynamic changes. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further study of QPPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Minru Li
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Thrombosis Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Thrombosis Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Kralj L, Potočnik N, Lenasi H. Evaluating transient phenomena by wavelet analysis: early recovery to exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H96-H102. [PMID: 37921668 PMCID: PMC11213473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00558.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Wavelet analysis (WA) provides superior time-frequency decomposition of complex signals than conventional spectral analysis tools. To illustrate its usefulness in assessing transient phenomena, we applied a custom-developed WA algorithm to laser-Doppler (LD) signals of the cutaneous microcirculation measured at glabrous (finger pulp) and nonglabrous (forearm) sites during early recovery after dynamic exercise. This phase, importantly contributing to the establishment of thermal homeostasis after exercise cessation, has not been adequately explored because of its complex, transient form. Using WA, we decomposed the LD signals measured during the baseline and early recovery into power spectra of characteristic frequency intervals corresponding to endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-dependent, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac physiological influence. Assessment of relative power (RP), defined as the ratio between the median power in the frequency interval and the median power of the total spectrum, revealed that endothelial NO-dependent (5.87 early recovery; 1.53 baseline; P = 0.005; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and respiratory (0.71 early recovery; 0.40 baseline; P = 0.001) components were significantly increased, and myogenic component (1.35 early recovery; 1.83 baseline; P = 0.02) significantly decreased during early recovery in the finger pulp. In the forearm, only the RP of the endothelial NO-dependent (1.90 early recovery; 0.94 baseline; P = 0.009) component was significantly increased. WA presents an irreplaceable tool for the assessment of transient phenomena. The relative contribution of the physiological mechanisms controlling the microcirculatory response in the early recovery phase appears to differ in glabrous and nonglabrous skin when compared with baseline; moreover, the endothelial NO-dependent influence seems to play an important role.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We address the applicability of wavelet analysis (WA) in evaluating transient phenomena on a model of early recovery to exercise, which is the only exercise-associated phase characterized by a distinct transient shape and as such cannot be assessed using conventional tools. Our WA-based algorithm provided a reliable spectral decomposition of laser-Doppler (LD) signals in early recovery, enabling us to speculate roughly on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of skin microcirculation in this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kralj
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejka Potočnik
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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Lv N, Zhang Y, Wang L, Suo Y, Zeng W, Yu Q, Yu B, Jiang X. LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis in Atherosclerotic Inflammation: Research Progress. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1021-1040. [PMID: 37842894 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010267577231005102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. However, the exact mechanism underlying atherosclerosis-related inflammation has not been fully elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process that leads to atherosclerosis, there is need to identify novel molecular markers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained prominence in recent years. LncRNAs/circRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that bind to miRNAs via microRNA response elements (MREs), thereby inhibiting the silencing of miRNA target mRNAs. Inflammatory mediators and inflammatory signaling pathways are closely regulated by ceRNA regulatory networks in atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the role of LncRNA/CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in atherosclerotic inflammation and how it can be targeted for early clinical detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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48
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Chalkias A. Shear Stress and Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Trauma Patients with Hemorrhagic Shock: Hidden Coagulopathy Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17522. [PMID: 38139351 PMCID: PMC10743945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive trauma remains a leading cause of death and a global public health burden. Post-traumatic coagulopathy may be present even before the onset of resuscitation, and correlates with severity of trauma. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of abnormal coagulation processes, but the heterogeneity in injuries and patient profiles makes it difficult to define a dominant mechanism. Regardless of the pattern of death, a significant role in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of coagulopathy may be attributed to the exposure of endothelial cells to abnormal physical forces and mechanical stimuli in their local environment. In these conditions, the cellular responses are translated into biochemical signals that induce/aggravate oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Microvascular shear stress-induced alterations could be treated or prevented by the development and use of innovative pharmacologic strategies that effectively target shear-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including shear-responsive drug delivery systems and novel antioxidants, and by targeting the venous side of the circulation to exploit the beneficial antithrombogenic profile of venous endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chalkias
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA;
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Zhou Y, Sekar NC, Thurgood P, Needham S, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Bioengineered Vascular Model of Foam Cell Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6947-6955. [PMID: 38018792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a complex blood vessel pathology, which is characterized by a series of events, including endothelium dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of immune cells underneath the blood vessel walls. Novel bioengineered models capable of recapitulating these events are required to better understand the complex pathological processes underlying the development of foam cell formation and, consequently, advanced bioengineered platforms for screening drugs. Here, we generated a microfluidic blood vessel model, incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix coated with an endothelial layer. This system enables us to perform experiments under a dynamic microenvironment that recapitulates the complexities of the native vascular regions. Using this model, we studied the effectors that regulate monocyte adhesion and migration, as well as foam cell formation inside vessel walls. We found that monocyte adhesion and migration are regulated by both the endothelium and monocytes themselves. Monocytes migrated into the extracellular matrix only when endothelial cells were cultured in the vessel model. In addition, the exposure of an endothelial layer to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and low shear stress both increased monocyte migration into the subendothelial space toward the matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrated the process of foam cell formation, 3 days after transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the vessel wall. We showed that pre-exposure of PBMCs to high shear rates increases their adhesion and migration through the TNF-α-treated endothelium but does not affect their capacity to form foam cells. The versatility of our model allows for mechanistic studies on foam cell formation under customized pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Kew, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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König CS, Mann A, McFarlane R, Marriott J, Price M, Ramachandran S. Age and the Residual Risk of Cardiovascular Disease following Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Exposure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3208. [PMID: 38137429 PMCID: PMC10740806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We believe that there is sufficient evidence from basic science, longitudinal cohort studies and randomised controlled trials which validates the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or lipid hypothesis. It is important that we can communicate details of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction that the average patient could expect depending on the scale of LDL-C decrease following lipid lowering therapy. It is also essential that residual risk (ResR) of CVD be highlighted. To achieve this aim by using existing trial evidence, we developed mathematical models initially for relative risk reduction (RRR) and absolute risk (AR) reduction and then showed that despite optimising LDL-C levels, a considerable degree of ResR remains that is dependent on AR. Age is significantly associated with AR (odds ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence intervals: 1.01-1.04) as was previously demonstrated by analysing the Whickham study cohort using a logistic regression model (age remaining significant even when all the other significant risk factors such as sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and family history were included in the regression model). A discussion of a paper by Ference et al. provided detailed evidence of the relationship between age and AR, based on lifetime LDL-C exposure. Finally, we discussed non-traditional CVD risk factors that may contribute to ResR based on randomised controlled trials investigating drugs improving inflammation, thrombosis, metabolic and endothelial status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola S. König
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Amar Mann
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Rob McFarlane
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.); (J.M.)
| | - John Marriott
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Malcolm Price
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Sudarshan Ramachandran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals of North Midlands, Staffordshire ST4 6QG, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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