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Zhu G, Cao L, Wu J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wu M, Li J. Co-morbid intersections of cancer and cardiovascular disease and targets for natural drug action: Reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116875. [PMID: 38850662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and their seemingly separate pathologies are intricately intertwined. In the context of cancer, the cardiovascular disease encompasses not only the side effects arising from anti-tumor treatments but also the metabolic shifts induced by oncological conditions. A growing body of research indicates that lipid metabolic reprogramming serves as a distinctive hallmark of tumors. Furthermore, anomalies in lipid metabolism play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study delves into the cardiac implications of lipid metabolic reprogramming within the cancer context, closely examining abnormalities in lipid metabolism present in tumors, cardiac tissue, and immune cells within the microenvironment. Additionally, we examined risk factors such as obesity and anti-tumor therapy. Despite progress, a gap remains in the availability of drugs targeting lipid metabolism modulation for treating tumors and mitigating cardiac risk, with limited advancement seen in prior studies. Here, we present a review of previous research on natural drugs that exhibit both shared and distinct therapeutic effects on tumors and cardiac health by modulating lipid metabolism. Our aim is to provide insights for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Luchang Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Meher AK, McNamara CA. B-1 lymphocytes in adipose tissue as innate modulators of inflammation linked to cardiometabolic disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:95-103. [PMID: 38747455 PMCID: PMC11262958 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fat is stored in distinct depots with unique features in both mice and humans and B cells reside in all adipose depots. We have shown that B cells modulate cardiometabolic disease through activities in two of these key adipose depots: visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). VAT refers to the adipose tissue surrounding organs, within the abdomen and thorax, and is comprised predominantly of white adipocytes. This depot has been implicated in mediating obesity-related dysmetabolism. PVAT refers to adipose tissue surrounding major arteries. It had long been thought to exist to provide protection and insulation for the vessel, yet recent work demonstrates an important role for PVAT in harboring immune cells, promoting their function and regulating the biology of the underlying vessel. The role of B-2 cells and adaptive immunity in adipose tissue biology has been nicely reviewed elsewhere. Given that, the predominance of B-1 cells in adipose tissue at homeostasis, and the emerging role of B-1 cells in a variety of disease states, we will focus this review on how B-1 cells function in VAT and PVAT depots to promote homeostasis and limit inflammation linked to cardiometabolic disease and factors that regulate this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K. Meher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Mao L, Chen L, Qu M, He X. Pericarotid Adipose Tissue is Associated with Circulatory Markers of Inflammation and Carotid Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2024:33197241248776. [PMID: 38644057 DOI: 10.1177/00033197241248776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue plays roles in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pericarotid fat density (PFD) and circulatory inflammatory indicators, internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaques. We retrospectively screened 498 consecutive patients who underwent both computed tomography angiography of the neck between January 2017 and December 2020. The PFD, ICA stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaques were analyzed using established approaches. Laboratory data including C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were recorded. PFD was positively correlated with CRP, NLR, PLR, and SII, and negatively correlated with LMR. A higher PFD was independently associated with extracranial ICA stenosis (1.179 [1.003-1.387], P = .040) and vulnerable carotid plaques (1.046 [1.021-1.072], P = .001) after adjusting for systemic inflammatory indicators. These findings suggested higher PFD is independently associated with circulating inflammatory indicators, extracranial ICA stenosis, and vulnerable carotid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqun Mao
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Linkao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Man Qu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinwei He
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Larsen BC, Al-Badri KHA, Mellemkjær S, Bærentzen S, Oxlund CS, Pryds K. Inflammatory-mediated atrial cardiomyopathy diagnosed using multimodality imaging and successfully treated with prednisolone: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2024; 8:ytae167. [PMID: 38887777 PMCID: PMC11181939 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytae167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia and often develops secondary to structural cardiac changes. Both the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and/or structural changes of the heart may lead to development of atrial cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). However, isolated atrial cardiomyopathy caused by focal atrial thickening is a rare condition, previously only described in case reports as a result of different aetiologies all linked to inflammation. Case summary A patient with inflammatory-mediated atrial cardiomyopathy causing atrial fibrillation and acute decompensated HF presented as isolated left atrial wall thickening on transoesophageal echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed using multimodality imaging with transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, positron emissions tomography/computer tomography scanning and intracardiac echocardiography-guided endomyocardial biopsy. Despite no specific histological aetiology, the observed atrial cardiomyopathy might be associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The patient in the present case was successfully treated with prednisolone. Discussion Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation and diabetic cardiomyopathy, due to reduced levels of anti-inflammatory and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines causing cardiac inflammatory structural remodelling. The regression of the atrial thickening might be due to prednisolone's anti-inflammatory effects and thereby ability to suppress atrial remodelling and reduce the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. However, the effect of prednisolone might only affect the non-manifested inflammatory-mediated atrial remodelling. Due to the rare occurrence of isolated atrial cardiomyopathy a multiple imaging approach during the diagnostic process and follow-ups are essential to determine the aetiology and effect of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Carbuhn Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Randers, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers, Denmark
| | - Kadhem Helo Abbas Al-Badri
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Mellemkjær
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bærentzen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christina Stolzenburg Oxlund
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Esbjerg, Finsensgade 35, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Kasper Pryds
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ahn SS, Park YB, Lee SW. Association between computed tomography-assessed sarcopenia and mortality in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1704-1713. [PMID: 37350277 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia is frequently observed in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases; however, its relationship with patient outcomes has not been well understood. This study evaluated the influence of sarcopenia, especially muscle quality, on outcomes of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS Records of patients with AAV at the Severance Hospital with computed tomography (CT) images taken at initial disease diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. For measures of sarcopenia, normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA), low attenuation muscle area (LAMA), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) in the axial muscles of the middle third lumbar vertebra level were calculated. Correlations between NAMA, LAMA, IMAT, and baseline patient characteristics, as well as the association between the NAMA/TAMA ratio and clinical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A total of 136 patients with CT images at AAV diagnosis were identified. Correlation analyses revealed that age, female sex, total cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly associated with NAMA. LAMA was associated with age, body mass index (BMI), five-factor score (FFS), and C-reactive protein, and a relationship between IMAT and age and BMI was observed. During the follow up of 31.2 months, 23 (16.9%) patients died, and Cox-proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that a NAMA/TAMA ≤0.46 (odds ratio [OR] 10.247, p < .001), female sex (OR 0.206, p = .006), dyslipidemia (OR 3.143, p = .027), creatinine (OR 1.342, p = .012), and FFS (OR 1.775, p = .046), were independently associated with patient mortality. CONCLUSION A higher rate of mortality was observed in patients with AAV with NAMA/TAMA ≤0.46, indicating that careful monitoring is required in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stanciu AE, Hurduc A, Stanciu MM, Gherghe M, Gheorghe DC, Prunoiu VM, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton A. Portrait of the Inflammatory Response to Radioiodine Therapy in Female Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with/without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3793. [PMID: 37568611 PMCID: PMC10417100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
No clinical studies have investigated the effect of radioiodine (131I)-targeted therapy on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as inflammatory response markers in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This study aimed to assess the relationship between blood radioactivity, body mass index (BMI), and peripheral blood cells three days after 131I intake in 56 female patients without T2DM (DTC/-T2DM) vs. 24 female patients with T2DM (DTC/+T2DM). Blood radioactivity, measured three days after 131I intake, was significantly lower in the DTC/+T2DM than in the DTC/-T2DM patients (0.7 mCi vs. 1.5 mCi, p < 0.001). The relationship between blood radioactivity and BMI (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), blood radioactivity and NLR (r = 0.53, p = 0.008), and BMI and NLR (r = 0.58, p = 0.003) indicates a possible connection between the bloodstream 131I uptake and T2DM-specific chronic inflammation. In patients without T2DM, 131I therapy has immunosuppressive effects, leading to increased NLR (19.6%, p = 0.009) and PLR (39.1%, p = 0.002). On the contrary, in the chronic inflammation context of T2DM, 131I therapy amplifies immune metabolism, leading to a drop in NLR (10%, p = 0.032) and PLR (13.4%, p = 0.021). Our results show that, in DTC/+T2DM, the bidirectional crosstalk between neutrophils and obesity may limit 131I uptake in the bloodstream. Considering the immune response to 131I therapy, the two groups of patients can be seen as a synchronous portrait of two sides. The explanation could lie in the different radiosensitivity of T and B lymphocytes, with T lymphocytes being predominant in patients with DTC/-T2DM and, most likely, B lymphocytes being predominant in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Elena Stanciu
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hurduc
- Department of Radionuclide Therapy, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marcel Marian Stanciu
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Gherghe
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Gheorghe
- ENT Department, “Maria Sklodowska Curie” Children’s Emergency Hospital, 077120 Bucharest, Romania;
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu Mihail Prunoiu
- Oncological Surgery Department, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
- Oncological Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Zamfir-Chiru-Anton
- ENT Department, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Children’s Emergency Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania;
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Rivera-Carranza T, Nájera-Medina O, Bojalil-Parra R, Rodríguez-López CP, Zúñiga-León E, León-Téllez Girón A, Azaola-Espinosa A. The link between lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and metabolic variables in patients with severe obesity. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15465. [PMID: 37334132 PMCID: PMC10274585 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, a public health problem, is a state of metainflammation that influences the development of chronic degenerative diseases, particularly in patients with severe obesity. Objective The objective of this study was to evidence immunometabolic differences in patients with different degrees of obesity, including severe obesity, by determining correlations between lymphocyte subpopulations and metabolic, body composition, and clinical variables. Methods Peripheral blood immune cells (CD4+, CD8+ memory and effector T lymphocytes) were analyzed, and measures of body composition, blood pressure, and biochemical composition (glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the lipid profile) were carried out in patients with different degrees of obesity. Results The patients were classified according to total body fat (TBF) percentage as normal body fat, class 1 and 2 obesity, class 3 obesity, and class 4 obesity. The greater the TBF percentage, the more pronounced the differences in body composition (such as a decrease in the fat-free mass (FFM) that is defined as sarcopenic obesity) and the immunometabolic profile. There was an increase of CD3+ T lymphocytes (mainly CD4+, CD4+CD62-, and CD8+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes) and an increase in the TBF percentage (severity of obesity). Conclusions The correlations between lymphocyte subpopulations and metabolic, body composition, and clinical variables demonstrated the existence of a chronic, low-intensity inflammatory process in obesity. Therefore, measuring the immunometabolic profile by means of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with severe obesity could be useful to determine the severity of the disease and the increased risk of presenting obesity-associated chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oralia Nájera-Medina
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Coyoacán, México DF, México
| | - Rafael Bojalil-Parra
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Coyoacán, México DF, México
| | | | - Eduardo Zúñiga-León
- Department of Biological Systems, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Coyoacán, México DF, México
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Boutari C, Hill MA, Procaccini C, Matarese G, Mantzoros CS. The key role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of obesity and CVD. Metabolism 2023:155627. [PMID: 37302694 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Celay J, Fernández-Galilea M, Pejenaute Á, Lostao MP, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential remodeling of subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipose tissue by long-term exercise training in aged obese female mice. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2. [PMID: 37204588 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates aging-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise on inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of aged obese mice. Two-month-old female mice received a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, six-month-old diet-induced obese animals were allocated to sedentarism (DIO) or to a long-term treadmill training (DIOEX) up to 18 months of age. In exercised mice, iWAT depot revealed more adaptability, with an increase in the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Acox1), and an amelioration of the inflammatory status, with a favorable modulation of pro/antiinflammatory genes and lower macrophage infiltration. Additionally, iWAT of trained animals showed an increment in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1a, Tfam, Nrf1), thermogenesis (Ucp1), and beige adipocytes genes (Cd137, Tbx1). In contrast, iBAT of aged obese mice was less responsive to exercise. Indeed, although an increase in functional brown adipocytes genes and proteins (Pgc1a, Prdm16 and UCP1) was observed, few changes were found on inflammation-related and fatty acid metabolism genes. The remodeling of iWAT and iBAT depots occurred along with an improvement in the HOMA index for insulin resistance and in glucose tolerance. In conclusion, long-term exercise effectively prevented the loss of iWAT and iBAT thermogenic properties during aging and obesity. In iWAT, the long-term exercise program also reduced the inflammatory status and stimulated a fat-oxidative gene profile. These exercise-induced adipose tissue adaptations could contribute to the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in aged obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lostao
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A Martínez-Climent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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14
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Grygiel-Górniak B, Ziółkowska-Suchanek I, Szymkowiak L, Rozwadowska N, Kaczmarek E. The Influence of FAM13A and PPAR-γ2 Gene Polymorphisms on the Metabolic State of Postmenopausal Women. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040914. [PMID: 37107672 PMCID: PMC10137345 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have observed two significant pandemics caused by communicable (COVID-19) and non-communicable factors (obesity). Obesity is related to a specific genetic background and characterized by immunogenetic features, such as low-grade systemic inflammation. The specific genetic variants include the presence of polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors gene (PPAR-γ2; Pro12Ala, rs1801282, and C1431T, rs3856806 polymorphisms), β-adrenergic receptor gene (3β-AR; Trp64Arg, rs4994), and Family With Sequence Similarity 13 Member A gene (FAM13A; rs1903003, rs7671167, rs2869967). This study aimed to analyze the genetic background, body fat distribution, and hypertension risk in obese metabolically healthy postmenopausal women (n = 229, including 105 lean and 124 obese subjects). Each patient underwent anthropometric and genetic evaluations. The study has shown that the highest value of BMI was associated with visceral fat distribution. The analysis of particular genotypes has revealed no differences between lean and obese women except for FAM13A rs1903003 (CC), which was more prevalent in lean patients. The co-existence of the PPAR-γ2 C1431C variant with other FAM13A gene polymorphisms [rs1903003(TT) or rs7671167(TT), or rs2869967(CC)] was related to higher BMI values and visceral fat distribution (WHR > 0.85). The co-association of FAM13A rs1903003 (CC) and 3β-AR Trp64Arg was associated with higher values of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We conclude that the co-existence of FAM13A variants with C1413C polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene is responsible for body fat amount and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Lidia Szymkowiak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Rozwadowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Bell S, Young JA, List EO, Basu R, Geitgey DK, Lach G, Lee K, Swegan D, Caggiano LJ, Okada S, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Increased Fibrosis in White Adipose Tissue of Male and Female bGH Transgenic Mice Appears Independent of TGF-β Action. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7069260. [PMID: 36869769 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological state caused by excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in a tissue. Male bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice experience metabolic dysfunction with a marked decrease in lifespan and with increased fibrosis in several tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT), which is more pronounced in the subcutaneous (Sc) depot. The current study expanded on these initial findings to evaluate WAT fibrosis in female bGH mice and the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the development of WAT fibrosis. Our findings established that female bGH mice, like males, experience a depot-dependent increase in WAT fibrosis, and bGH mice of both sexes have elevated circulating levels of several markers of collagen turnover. Using various methods, TGF-β signaling was found unchanged or decreased-as opposed to an expected increase-despite the marked fibrosis in WAT of bGH mice. However, acute GH treatments in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo did elicit a modest increase in TGF-β signaling in some experimental systems. Finally, single nucleus RNA sequencing confirmed no perturbation in TGF-β or its receptor gene expression in any WAT cell subpopulations of Sc bGH WAT; however, a striking increase in B lymphocyte infiltration in bGH WAT was observed. Overall, these data suggest that bGH WAT fibrosis is independent of the action of TGF-β and reveals an intriguing shift in immune cells in bGH WAT that should be further explored considering the increasing importance of B cell-mediated WAT fibrosis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Grace Lach
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Deborah Swegan
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Okada
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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16
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Li W, Chen W. Weight cycling based on altered immune microenvironment as a result of metaflammation. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 36814270 PMCID: PMC9945679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the obesity epidemic, more people are concerned about losing weight; however, weight regain is common, leading to repeated weight loss and weight cycling. The health benefits of early weight loss are nullified by weight regain after weight cycling, which has much more severe metabolic consequences. Weight cycling alters body composition, resulting in faster fat recovery and slower muscle reconstruction. This evident fat accumulation, muscle loss, and ectopic fat deposition destroy the intestinal barrier, increase the permeability of the small intestinal epithelium, and cause the lipotoxicity of lipid metabolites and toxins to leak into extraintestinal tissues and circulation. It causes oxidative stress and hypoxia in local tissues and immune cell infiltration in various tissues, all contributing to the adaptation to this metabolic change. Immune cells transmit inflammatory responses in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue by secreting cytokines and adipokines, which mediate immune cell pathways and cause metaflammation and inefficient metabolic degradation. In this review, we focus on the regulatory function of the immunological microenvironment in the final metabolic outcome, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular processes of local and systemic metaflammation induced by weight cycling-induced changes in body composition. Metaflammation in adipose and muscle tissues that is difficult to relieve may cause weight cycling. As this chronic low-grade inflammation spreads throughout the body, metabolic complications associated with weight cycling are triggered. Inhibiting the onset and progression of metabolic inflammation and enhancing the immune microenvironment of adipose and muscle tissues may be the first step in addressing weight cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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17
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Stasevich EM, Zheremyan EA, Kuprash DV, Schwartz AM. Interaction Between Adipocytes and B Lymphocytes in Human Metabolic Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:280-288. [PMID: 37072333 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with the disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are widespread in the modern world. Interaction between the cells of adipose tissue - adipocytes - and immune system cells is an essential factor in pathogenesis of such diseases. Long-term increase in the glucose and fatty acid levels leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines by these cells. As a result, immune cells acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and new leukocytes are recruited. Inflammation of adipose tissue leads to insulin resistance and stimulates formation of atherosclerotic plaques and development of autoimmunity. New studies show that different groups of B lymphocytes play an essential role in regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. Decrease in the number of B-2 lymphocytes suppresses development of a number of metabolic diseases, whereas decreased numbers of the regulatory B lymphocytes and B-1 lymphocytes are associated with more severe pathology. Recent studies showed that adipocytes influence B lymphocyte activity both directly and by altering activity of other immune cells. These findings provide better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human pathologies associated with impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Stasevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elina A Zheremyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anton M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 141701, Russia
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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19
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Chronic docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves metabolic plasticity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of aged obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109153. [PMID: 36150680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the potential beneficial effects of chronic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on restoring subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) plasticity in obese aged female mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received a control (CT) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, 6-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into the DIO and the DIOMEG group (fed with a DHA-enriched HFD) up to 18 months. In scWAT, the DHA-enriched diet reduced the mean adipocyte size and reversed the upregulation of lipogenic genes induced by the HFD, reaching values even lower than those observed in CT animals. DIO mice exhibited an up-regulation of lipolytic and fatty oxidation gene expressions that was reversed in DHA-supplemented mice except for Cpt1a mRNA levels, which were higher in DIOMEG as compared to CT mice. DHA restored the increase of proinflammatory genes observed in scWAT of DIO mice. While no changes were observed in total macrophage F4/80+/CD11b+ content, the DHA treatment switched scWAT macrophages profile by reducing the M1 marker Cd11c and increasing the M2 marker CD206. These events occurred alongside with a stimulation of beige adipocyte specific genes, the restoration of UCP1 and pAKT/AKT ratio, and a recovery of the HFD-induced Fgf21 upregulation. In summary, DHA supplementation induced a metabolic remodeling of scWAT to a healthier phenotype in aged obese mice by modulating genes controlling lipid accumulation in adipocytes, reducing the inflammatory status, and inducing beige adipocyte markers in obese aged mice.
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20
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Zhang YX, Ou MY, Yang ZH, Sun Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Adipose tissue aging is regulated by an altered immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125395. [PMID: 36875140 PMCID: PMC9981968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Garcia JN, Wanjalla CN, Mashayekhi M, Hasty AH. Immune Cell Activation in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:627-637. [PMID: 36136214 PMCID: PMC9510332 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on immune cell activation in obesity and cardiovascular disease, highlighting specific immune cell microenvironments present in individuals with atherosclerosis, non-ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and infectious diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked and often characterized by inflammation and a cluster of metabolic complications. Compelling evidence from single-cell analysis suggests that obese adipose tissue is inflammatory and infiltrated by almost all immune cell populations. How this inflammatory tissue state contributes to more systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and infectious disease is less well understood. However, current research suggests that changes in the adipose tissue immune environment impact an individual's ability to combat illnesses such as influenza and SARS-CoV2. Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent globally and is often associated with type 2 diabetes and heart disease. An increased inflammatory state is a major contributor to this association. Widespread chronic inflammation in these disease states is accompanied by an increase in both innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Acutely, these immune cell changes are beneficial as they sustain homeostasis as inflammation increases. However, persistent inflammation subsequently damages tissues and organs throughout the body. Future studies aimed at understanding the unique immune cell populations in each tissue compartment impacted by obesity may hold potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Olson NC, Doyle MF, Buzkova P, Huber SA, de Boer IH, Sitlani CM, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Mukamal KJ, Delaney JA. Circulating differentiated and senescent lymphocyte subsets and incident diabetes risk in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 6:e384. [PMID: 36333945 PMCID: PMC9836256 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular senescence is a feature of aging implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether senescent lymphocytes are associated with the future occurrence of DM is uncertain. METHODS We used cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 1860 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (average age 80.2 years) and flow cytometry immunophenotyping to evaluate the longitudinal relationships of naive (CD45RA+ ), memory (CD45RO+ ), senescent (CD28- ), and T effector memory RA+ (TEMRA) (CD28- CD57+ CD45RA+ ) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells (CD19+ CD27+ ), with the risk of incident DM. In exploratory analyses we evaluated the relationships of 13 additional innate lymphocyte and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets with incident DM risk. RESULTS Over a median follow-up time of 8.9 years, 155 cases of incident DM occurred. In Cox models adjusted for demographic variables (age, sex, race, study site and flow cytometry analytical batch) or diabetes risk factors (demographic variables plus education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use and physical activity), no significant associations were observed for any CD4+ , CD8+ or CD19+ cell phenotypes with incident DM. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the frequencies of naive, memory and senescent T cells and memory B cells are not strongly associated with incident DM risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Washington School of Public HealthSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Kidney Research InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Departments of Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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23
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Bertola A, Gallerand A, Ivanov S. Immune cell involvement in brown adipose tissue functions. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac007. [PMID: 38566905 PMCID: PMC10917225 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains many immune cells. The presence of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells was documented in BAT. However, in comparison to white adipose tissue, relatively little is known on the impact of immune cells on BAT function. By directly interacting with BAT stromal cells, or by secreting pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, immune cells modulate BAT activation and subsequently influence on adaptative thermogenesis and heat generation. In the current manuscript, we will focus on the diversity and functions of BAT immune cells.
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24
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Horckmans M, Diaz Villamil E, Bianchini M, De Roeck L, Communi D. Central role of PD-L1 in cardioprotection resulting from P2Y4 nucleotide receptor loss. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006934. [PMID: 36248854 PMCID: PMC9555169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the immune function of pericardial adipose tissue is essential to adapt treatments after myocardial infarction. We showed previously that inactivation of mouse P2Y4 nucleotide receptor induces adiponectin overexpression and protection against myocardial infarction. We investigated here the inflammatory state of pericardial adipose tissue in ischemic P2Y4-deficient mice. We demonstrated that P2Y4-deficient mice displayed adipocyte beiging with increased PD-L1 expression and a higher number of regulatory leukocytes in their pericardial adipose tissue after left anterior descending artery ligation, compared to wild type mice. Effectively, a higher level of anti-inflammatory M2c macrophages and regulatory T cells was observed in pericardial adipose tissue of P2Y4 KO mice and correlated with reduced post-ischemic expansion of fat-associated lymphoid clusters. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory effects observed in P2Y4 KO mice, were no more observed in P2Y4/adiponectin double KO ischemic mice. Finally, the reduction of T cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis observed in P2Y4-deficient heart was lost after injection of anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody in ischemic mice. The present study defines P2Y4 as a regulator of PD-L1 and adiponectin, and as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapies to improve myocardial infarction outcome. The combined effect of P2Y4 loss on adipocyte beiging and regulatory leukocyte increase highlights this nucleotide receptor as an important player in post-ischemic cardiac response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horckmans
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esteban Diaz Villamil
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardio-vascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, German
| | - Lucas De Roeck
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Communi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Didier Communi,
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25
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Fernandez NC, Shinoda K. The Role of B Lymphocyte Subsets in Adipose Tissue Development, Metabolism, and Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4133-4145. [PMID: 35950657 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains resident B lymphocytes (B cells) with varying immune functions and mechanisms, depending on the adipose depot type and location. The heterogeneity of B cells and their functions affect the immunometabolism of the adipose tissue in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders. B cells exist in categorizations of subsets that have developmental or phenotypic differences with varying functionalities. Subsets can be categorized as either protective or pathogenic depending on their secretion profile or involvement in metabolic maintenance. In this article, we summarized recent finding on the B cell heterogeneity and discuss how we can utilize our current knowledge of adipose resident B lymphocytes for potential treatment for age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-13, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Bronx, New York, USA
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Arias-de la Rosa I, Escudero-Contreras A, Ruiz-Ponce M, Cuesta-López L, Román-Rodríguez C, Pérez-Sánchez C, Ruiz-Limón P, Ruiz RG, Leiva-Cepas F, Alcaide J, Segui P, Plasencia C, Martinez-Feito A, Font P, Ábalos MC, Ortega R, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ, Collantes-Estévez E, López-Pedrera C, Barbarroja N. Pathogenic mechanisms involving the interplay between adipose tissue and autoantibodies in Rheumatoid arthritis. iScience 2022; 25:104893. [PMID: 36046189 PMCID: PMC9421387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, autoimmunity, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cross-sectional study including 150 RA patients and 50 healthy donors and longitudinal study with 122 RA patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) or anti-CD20 therapies for 6 months were carried out. In vitro experiments with human AT and adipocyte and macrophage cell lines were performed. A collagen-induced arthritis mouse model was developed. The insulin resistance and the altered adipocytokine profile were associated with disease activity, the presence of anti-citrullinated proteins anti-bodies (ACPAs), and worse response to therapy in RA. AT in the context of arthritis is characterized by an inflammatory state alongside the infiltration of macrophages and B/plasmatic cells, where ACPAs can have a direct impact, inducing inflammation and insulin resistance in macrophages and promoting a defective adipocyte differentiation, partially restored by biologicals. IR is related to disease activity, inflammation, and autoimmunity in RA patients IR state and adipocytokines might be associated with a worse response to biologics Visfatin could be used as a potential biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis ACPAs might directly impact adipose tissue
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Modulation of adipose inflammation by cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1759-1769. [PMID: 35794192 PMCID: PMC9492549 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Obesity, a metabolic syndrome, is known to be related to inflammation, especially adipose tissue inflammation. Cellular interactions within the expanded white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity contribute to inflammation and studies have suggested that inflammation is triggered by inflamed adipocytes that recruit M1 macrophages into WAT. What causes accumulation of unhealthy adipocytes is an important topic of investigation. This study aims to understand the action of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) in WAT inflammation. Methods Eight weeks-old wild type (WT) and Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored. WATs and serum were collected for cellular and molecular analyses to determine affected signaling pathways. In cell culture studies, primary adipocyte differentiation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to examine adipocytes’ effects, mediated by CRABP1, in macrophage polarization. The 3T3L1-adipocyte was used to validate relevant signaling pathways. Results CKO mice developed an obese phenotype, more severely under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Further, CKO’s WAT exhibited a more severe inflammatory state as compared to wild type (WT) WAT, with a significantly expanded M1-like macrophage population. However, this was not caused by intrinsic defects of CKO macrophages. Rather, CKO adipocytes produced a significantly reduced level of adiponectin and had significantly lowered mitochondrial DNA content. CKO adipocyte-conditioned medium, compared to WT control, inhibited M2-like (CD206+) macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, defects in CKO adipocytes involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway that could be modulated by CRABP1. Conclusions This study shows that CRABP1 plays a protective role against HFD-induced WAT inflammation through, in part, its regulation of adiponectin production and mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes, thereby modulating macrophage polarization in WAT to control its inflammatory potential.
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Stahr N, Galkina EV. Immune Response at the Crossroads of Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:870144. [PMID: 35872901 PMCID: PMC9298512 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.870144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are pathologies that are characterized by common signatures of vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation that are accelerated with aging. Importantly, epidemiological studies report an independent interaction between AD and CVD and data suggest that chronic inflammation in CVD may accelerate AD development. Atherosclerosis affects most large to medium sized arteries including those supplying the cerebral circulation. Vascular dysfunction caused by atherosclerosis results in blood brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, an impaired clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and finally ends with neurovascular dysfunction. Numerous data indicate that innate and adaptive immune responses shape atherogenesis and increasing evidence suggests an implication of the immune response in AD progression. Currently, mechanisms by which these two diseases are interconnected with each other are not well-defined. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the intertwined role of the immune response in atherosclerosis and AD and the implications of these findings for human health.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex dynamic organ with whole-body immunometabolic influence. Much of the work into understanding the role of immune cells in adipose tissue has been in the context of obesity. These investigations have also uncovered a range of typical (immune) and non-typical functions exerted by adipose tissue leukocytes. Here we provide an overview of the adipose tissue immune system, including its role as an immune reservoir in the whole-body response to infection and as a site of parasitic and viral infections. We also describe the functional roles of specialized immunological structures found within adipose tissue. However, our main focus is on the recently discovered 'non-immune' functions of adipose tissue immune cells, which include the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis, as well as responses to changing nutrient status and body temperature. In doing so, we outline the therapeutic potential of the adipose tissue immune system in health and disease.
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30
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Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
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Simón R, Martín-Martín A, Morel E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of B Cells in the Teleost Adipose Tissue. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868551. [PMID: 35619704 PMCID: PMC9127059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the adipose tissue (AT) has been neglected in most animal models until investigations in human and mice linked obesity to chronic inflammation, highlighting the immune nature of this tissue. Despite this, in teleost fish, only a few studies have addressed the immune role of the AT. These studies have mostly focused on reporting transcriptional changes in the AT in response to diverse intraperitoneally delivered stimuli. Although the presence of B cells within the AT was also previously revealed, these cells have never been phenotypically or functionally characterized and this is what we have addressed in the current study. Initially, the B cell populations present in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AT were characterized in comparison to B cells from other sources. As occurs in other rainbow trout tissues, IgM+IgD+, IgM+IgD- and IgD+IgM- B cell subsets were identified in the AT. Interestingly, AT IgM+IgD- B cells showed a transcriptional profile that agrees with that of cells that have committed to plasmablasts/plasma cells, being this profile much more pronounced towards a differentiation state than that of blood IgM+IgD- B cells. Accordingly, the IgM-secreting capacity of AT B cells is significantly higher than that of blood B cells. Additionally, AT IgM+IgD+ B cells also showed specific phenotypic traits when compared to their counterparts in other tissues. Finally, we established how these B cell subsets responded when rainbow trout were intraperitoneally injected with a model antigen. Our results demonstrate that the AT hosts plasmablasts/plasma cells that secrete specific IgMs, as happens in the peritoneal cavity and systemic immune tissues. Although the presence of these antigen-specific IgM-secreting cells was more abundant in the peritoneal cavity, these specific differentiated B cells were detected in the AT for long time periods at levels similar to those of spleen and head kidney. Our results provide new evidence regarding the immune role of the teleost AT, indicating that it functions as a secondary lymphoid organ that promotes immunity to peritoneal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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32
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She Y, Mangat R, Tsai S, Proctor SD, Richard C. The Interplay of Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Immune Dysfunction: A Brief Overview on Pathophysiology, Animal Models, and Nutritional Modulation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840209. [PMID: 35252310 PMCID: PMC8891442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a leading global health concern. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which impairs insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and immune function. Recent findings from animal and clinical studies have begun to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction seen in the context of obesity. Here, we provide a brief review on the current understanding of the interplay between obesity, dyslipidemia and immunity. We also emphasize the advantages and shortcomings of numerous applicable research models including rodents and large animal swine that aim at unraveling the molecular basis of disease and clinical manifestations. Although there is no perfect model to answer all questions at once, they are often used to complement each other. Finally, we highlight some emerging nutritional strategies to improve immune function in the context of obesity with a particular focus on choline and foods that contains high amounts of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo She
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rabban Mangat
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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33
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Khanna D, Khanna S, Khanna P, Kahar P, Patel BM. Obesity: A Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Its Markers. Cureus 2022; 14:e22711. [PMID: 35386146 PMCID: PMC8967417 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, the world is facing a major public health concern. Obesity is a complex disease associated with an increase in several inflammatory markers, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. Of multifactorial etiology, it is often used as a measurement of morbidity and mortality. There remains much unknown regarding the association between obesity and inflammation. This review seeks to compile scientific literature on obesity and its associated inflammatory markers in chronic disease and further discusses the role of adipose tissue, macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, fatty acids, amino acids, adipokines, and hormones in obesity. Data were obtained using PubMed and Google Scholar. Obesity, inflammation, immune cells, hormones, fatty acids, and others were search words used to acquire relevant articles. Studies suggest brown adipose tissue is negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Researchers also found the adipose tissue of lean individuals predominantly secretes anti-inflammatory markers, while in obese individuals more pro-inflammatory markers are secreted. Many studies found that adipose tissue in obese individuals showed a shift in immune cells from anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which was also correlated with insulin resistance. Obese individuals generally present with higher levels of hormones such as leptin, visfatin, and resistin. With obesity on the rise globally, it is predicted that severe obesity will become most common amongst low-income adults, black individuals, and women by 2030, making the need for intervention urgent. Further investigation into the association between obesity and inflammation is required to understand the mechanism behind this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Siya Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Pragya Khanna
- Pediatrics, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
| | - Payal Kahar
- Department of Health Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
| | - Bhavesh M Patel
- Pediatrics, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Vadnagar, IND
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Nitschke P, Lodge S, Kimhofer T, Masuda R, Bong SH, Hall D, Schäfer H, Spraul M, Pompe N, Diercks T, Bernardo-Seisdedos G, Mato JM, Millet O, Susic D, Henry A, El-Omar EM, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Wist J. J-Edited DIffusional Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Measurement of Glycoprotein and Supramolecular Phospholipid Biomarkers of Inflammation in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1333-1341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Torben Kimhofer
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Drew Hall
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Hartmut Schäfer
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten 76287, Germany
| | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten 76287, Germany
| | - Niels Pompe
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten 76287, Germany
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo-Seisdedos
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, 48160, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Daniella Susic
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Amanda Henry
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - John C. Lindon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, U.K
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
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35
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Chen H, Sun L, Feng L, Yin Y, Zhang W. Role of Innate lymphoid Cells in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:855197. [PMID: 35574038 PMCID: PMC9091334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.855197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a growing chronic metabolic disease, greatly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome which includes type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic diseases significantly contribute to mortality and reduce life expectancy. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic homeostasis and tissue inflammation. This review focuses on the roles of ILCs in different metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and intestine. We briefly outline the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. We then discuss how ILCs in distinct metabolic organs may function to maintain metabolic homeostasis and contribute to obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The potential of ILCs as the therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
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36
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Taylor JM, Li A, McLachlan CS. Immune cell profile and immune-related gene expression of obese peripheral blood and liver tissue. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:199-210. [PMID: 34850389 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in immune cell subpopulations. However, tissue and blood obesity-responsive immune phenotypic pathways have not been contrasted. Here, the local niche immune cell population and gene expression in fatty liver is compared to peripheral blood of obese individuals. The Cibersort algorithm enumerated increased fractions of memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and reductions in natural killer and memory B cells in obese liver tissue and obese blood, with similar reductions found in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease tissue. Gene expression analysis identified inflammatory immune signatures of regulatory CD4+ T cells with inferred Th1, Th17, Th2, or Treg phenotypes that differed between liver and blood. Our study suggests that the local tissue-specific immune phenotype in the liver differs from the obese peripheral circulation, with the latter reflective of multisystemic persistent inflammation that is characteristic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude M Taylor
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Pyrmont, Australia
| | - Amy Li
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Pyrmont, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, Pyrmont, Australia
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Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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38
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Zhu Q, An YA, Scherer PE. Mitochondrial regulation and white adipose tissue homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:351-364. [PMID: 34810062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The important role of mitochondria in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and energy balance is increasingly appreciated. The remarkable heterogeneity of the adipose tissue stroma provides a cellular basis to enable adipose tissue plasticity in response to various metabolic stimuli. Regulating mitochondrial function at the cellular level in adipocytes, in adipose progenitor cells (APCs), and in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) has a profound impact on adipose homeostasis. Moreover, mitochondria facilitate the cell-to-cell communication within WAT, as well as the crosstalk with other organs, such as the liver, the heart, and the pancreas. A better understanding of mitochondrial regulation in the diverse adipose tissue cell types allows us to develop more specific and efficient approaches to improve adipose function and achieve improvements in overall metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Adekunle AO, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Ndzie Noah ML, Adu-Amankwaah J, Rizvi R, Akhter N, Sun H. Predominance of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal Women: Intra- and Extra-Cardiomyocyte Maladaptive Alterations Scaffolded by Estrogen Deficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685996. [PMID: 34660569 PMCID: PMC8511782 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the dominant (>50%) form of HF and mostly occurring among postmenopausal women. Hence, the initiation and progression of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions (LVDD) (a typically clinical manifestation of HFpEF) in postmenopausal women have been attributed to estrogen deficiency and the loss of its residue cardioprotective effects. In this review, from a pathophysiological and immunological standpoint, we discuss the probable multiple pathomechanisms resulting in HFpEF, which are facilitated by estrogen deficiency. The initial discussions recap estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) signaling under physiological/pathological states to facilitate cardiac function/dysfunction, respectively. By reconciling these prior discussions, attempts were made to explain how the loss of estrogen facilitates the disruptions both ERs and βARs-mediated signaling responsible for; the modulation of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis, maintenance of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix, the adaptive regulation of coronary microvascular endothelial functions and myocardial inflammatory responses. By scaffolding the disruption of these crucial intra- and extra-cardiomyocyte physiological functions, estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated to cause LVDD and increase the incidence of HFpEF in postmenopausal women. Finally, updates on the advancements in treatment interventions for the prevention of HFpEF were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Nazma Akhter
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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40
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Abstract
In this review, Lee and Olefsky discuss the characteristics of chronic inflammation in the major metabolic tissues and how obesity triggers these events, including a focus on the role of adipose tissue hypoxia and macrophage-derived exosomes. Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance, and the current obesity epidemic is driving a parallel rise in the incidence of T2DM. It is now widely recognized that chronic, subacute tissue inflammation is a major etiologic component of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of immunometabolism. We discuss the characteristics of chronic inflammation in the major metabolic tissues and how obesity triggers these events, including a focus on the role of adipose tissue hypoxia and macrophage-derived exosomes. Last, we also review current and potential new therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Koufakis T, Dimitriadis G, Metallidis S, Zebekakis P, Kotsa K. The role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: Looking at the other side of the moon. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13231. [PMID: 33682984 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been traditionally trapped into a metabolic perspective. However, T2D is a phenotypically and pathophysiologically heterogenous disorder, and the need for a tailored approach in its management is becoming increasingly evident. There is emerging evidence that irregular immune responses contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D and, inversely, that insulin resistance is a component of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Nevertheless, it has not yet been fully elucidated to what extent the presence of conventional autoimmune markers, such as autoantibodies, in subjects with T2D might affect the natural history of the disease and particularly each response to various treatments. The challenge for future research in the field is the discovery of novel genetic, molecular, or phenotypical indicators that would enable the characterization of specific subpopulations of people with T2D who would benefit most from the addition of immunomodulatory therapies to standard glucose-lowering treatment. This narrative review aims to discuss the plausible mechanisms through which the immune system might be implicated in the development of metabolic disturbances in T2D and obesity and explore a potential role of immunotherapy in the future management of the disorder and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Misiou A, Garmey JC, Hensien JM, Harmon DB, Osinski V, McSkimming C, Marshall MA, Fischer JW, Grandoch M, McNamara CA. Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3): A Novel Regulator of Hyaluronan-Mediated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:796-807. [PMID: 33380173 PMCID: PMC8105274 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms whereby deficiency of the transcription factor Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) leads to metabolic dysfunction in visceral obesity. We investigated the impact of loss of Id3 on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by the 3 HAS isoenzymes (HA synthases; -1, -2, and -3) and on obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) accumulation of proinflammatory B cells. Approach and Results: Male Id3-/- mice and respective wild-type littermate controls were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks. An increase in inflammatory B2 cells was detected in Id3-/- epididymal AT. HA accumulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet-fed Id3-/- mice and circulating levels of HA were elevated. Has2 mRNA expression was increased in epididymal AT of Id3-/- mice. Luciferase promoter assays showed that Id3 suppressed Has2 promoter activity, while loss of Id3 stimulated Has2 promoter activity. Functionally, HA strongly promoted B2 cell adhesion in the AT and on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of Id3-/- mice, an effect sensitive to hyaluronidase. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of Id3 increases Has2 expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyaluronan Synthases/genetics
- Hyaluronan Synthases/metabolism
- Hyaluronic Acid/biosynthesis
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Panniculitis/genetics
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Panniculitis/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Misiou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James C. Garmey
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jack M. Hensien
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Harmon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Vertical sleeve gastrectomy induces distinctive transcriptomic responses in liver, fat and muscle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2310. [PMID: 33504853 PMCID: PMC7840766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric/metabolic surgery, exhibiting a high rate of diabetes remission in humans. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of VSG, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the liver, fat, and muscle in VSG mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet were randomly assigned to sham or VSG surgery. The sham-operated mice were fed ad libitum (sham group) or pair-fed (sham-PF group) matching their food intake to the VSG-operated mice. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the liver, fat, and muscle using RNA sequencing was performed. VSG reduced body weight and improved glucose tolerance compared to the sham group, but not more than the sham-PF group. Improvement in fatty liver and adipose tissue inflammation was comparable between VSG and sham-PF. However, global gene expression profiles showed distinctive changes in the liver, fat, and muscle of the VSG group compared to both the sham or sham-PF groups. The liver showed the most prominent gene expression changes. Immune response-related pathways were commonly upregulated in the three organs of the VSG group compared to the sham or sham-PF. VSG induces organ-specific gene expression changes in the liver, fat, and muscle, which may play critical roles in metabolic improvements after VSG.
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44
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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45
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Kaartinen MT, Arora M, Heinonen S, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Pietiläinen KH. Transglutaminases and Obesity in Humans: Association of F13A1 to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8289. [PMID: 33167412 PMCID: PMC7663854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases TG2 and FXIII-A have recently been linked to adipose tissue biology and obesity, however, human studies for TG family members in adipocytes have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the association of TGM family members to acquired weight gain in a rare set of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for body weight, i.e., heavy-lean twin pairs. We report that F13A1 is the only TGM family member showing significantly altered, higher expression in adipose tissue of the heavier twin. Our previous work linked adipocyte F13A1 to increased weight, body fat mass, adipocyte size, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Here, we explored further the link of F13A1 to adipocyte size in the MZ twins via a previously conducted TWA study that was further mined for genes that specifically associate to hypertrophic adipocytes. We report that differential expression of F13A1 (ΔHeavy-Lean) associated with 47 genes which were linked via gene enrichment analysis to immune response, leucocyte and neutrophil activation, as well as cytokine response and signaling. Our work brings further support to the role of F13A1 in the human adipose tissue pathology, suggesting a role in the cascade that links hypertrophic adipocytes with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari T. Kaartinen
- Faculty of Medicine (Experimental Medicine), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada
| | - Mansi Arora
- Faculty of Medicine (Experimental Medicine), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0J7, Canada;
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.H.); (A.R.); (K.H.P.)
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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